Butvar Properties and Uses

Pub. No.2008084E (Supersedes 2008084D) Butvar ® P O LY V I N Y L B U T Y R A L R E S I N P R O P E R T I E S & U S E S Coatings Performance Materials by CONTENTS Introduction 1 Properties 2 Chemistry 2 Properties Tables 3 Product Types 6 Butvar:The Right Resin Solutions 6 Compatibility 13 Insolubizing Reactions 15 Reaction With Phenolics 15 Reaction With Epoxies 15 Reaction With Dialdhehydes 16 Reaction With Isocyanates 16 Reaction With Melamines 16 Applications 17 Wire Enamels 17 Surface Coatings 17 Wash Primers 17 Military Specification Wash Primers 17 Non-specification Wash Primers: B-1030 With Butvar 18 Single Package Wash Primer: B-1011 With Butvar 18 Chromate-free Wash Primers With Butvar 19 Metal Coatings 20 Wood Finishes 21 Protective Wash Coats and Sealers 21 Knot Sealers 21 Adhesives 22 Structural Adhesives 22 Phenolic Resins 22 Epoxies and Other Thermosetting Resins 22 High-strength Bonding Procedure 23 Performance Characteristics 23 Adhesive Strengths 23 Hot Melt Adhesives 24 Textile Coatings 24 Advantages as Textile Coating 24 Ceramic Binder Applications 25 Tape Casting 26 Thick Films 26 Toners and Printing Inks 27 Storage and Handling 28 Storage 28 Toxicity and FDA Status 28 Quality Control 28 Material Sources Inside Back Cover Worldwide Sales Offices Back Cover Enfocus Software - Customer Support INTRODUCTION P olyvinyl butyral resins are employed in a wide array of industrial and commercial applications. These unique resins offer impressive performance, as well as outstanding versatility. Butvar® polyvinyl butyral resins have a combination of properties that make them a key ingredient in a variety of successful formulations. Some of these properties for which Butvar is widely used are: outstanding binding efficiency, optical clarity, adhesion to a large number of surfaces, and toughness combined with flexibility. Solutia offers six grades of Butvar resin that cover a broad range of chemical and physical properties.These resins are generally well suited either as a major ingredient of a formulation or in smaller quantities to enhance the properties of other resins. USES Some of the applications in which Butvar is a vital ingredient include:  Ceramic binders  Inks/dry toners  Wood coatings  Wash primers  Composite fiber binders  Structural adhesives  Other diverse uses Butvar resin was pioneered by Monsanto in the 1930s as the key ingredient for automotive safety glass interlayers. It still enjoys widespread use in automotive and architectural applications for laminated safety glass. TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS Solutia’s technical support and research staff for Butvar resins can assist in your specific application needs.The Solutia Customer Service Center at 1-800-964-5224 stands ready to receive your orders for samples and technical literature, as well as purchase orders for shipment of Butvar resin. ® Registered trademark of Solutia, Inc. B U T V A R Enfocus Software - Customer Support 1 Hemiacetals are rarely isolated because of their inherent instability. are further reacted with another molecule of alcohol to form a stable acetal. Polyvinyl acetals are prepared from aldehydes and polyvinyl alcohols. acetate groups and acetal groups. rather. are formed by the well-known reaction between aldehydes and alcohols.Customer Support C O C H C ( OR1)2 + H2O O CH3 A PV Alcohol B PV Acetate C . H H R C + R1 O R OH C OH Alcohol Aldehyde H 1 OR + R OH R Alcohol Hemiacetal H CH2 C C O O Acetal H H CH2 CH2 H C CH2 OH C C3H7 PV Butyral 2 B U T V A R Enfocus Software . B and C are controlled.The final product may be represented by the following stylized structure: CHEMISTRY Acetals. and they are randomly distributed along the molecule. The proportions of A. The addition of one molecule of an alcohol to one molecule of an aldehyde produces a hemiacetal. but. Polyvinyl alcohols are high molecular weight resins containing various percentages of hydroxyl and acetate groups produced by hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate.PROPERTIES The conditions of the acetal reaction and the concentration of the particular aldehyde and polyvinyl alcohol used are closely controlled to form polymers containing predetermined proportions of hydroxyl groups. such as polyvinyl butyral. 0 5. approx.5 *Hydroxl content expressed as % polyvinyl alcohol – – 17.600-2.0005) – D542-50 1.3 0.† Solution viscosity was determined in 15% by weight solutions in 60:40 toluene: ethanol at 25˚C.0-9.000 100-400 600-1.0 9. 1985).0 5.000 3.5 11.5 18.000 Solution viscosity 10% by weight cp.0-47. pp.0 0. (2) 7.5 88 0-2. ed.5 Butyral content expressed as % polyvinyl butyral.083 1.0-28. free-flowing powder) ASTM Method % B-72 B-74 B-76 B-79 B-90 B-98 3.002) Burning rate Refractive index (±0.0 – D792-50 1.0 Anhydrous Methanol 20 † P.490 1.490 Water absorption (24 hours) % D570-59aT 0.300 200-450 75-200 200-400 75-200 *Ostwald solution viscosity cp.5 0-2.5 0-2.0 170-250 120-150 90-120 50-80 70-100 40-70 500-1.485 1. Dublin.0 18.5-20.5-20.5 80 80 Product Percent Solids Solvent Temperature (˚C) B-72 7.0 17.000-14.0 13.0 1.0 Acetate content expressed as % polyvinyl acetate – – 0-2.500 800-1.0 5.3 0.0 5.8 average in thousands) Specific gravity 23˚/23˚ (±0.490 1.9 0.5 18.5-13.0 1. The solvents and solids levels used are as follows: 0-2.Customer Support 3 .100 ipm D635-56T 1.0 SD 29 Ethyl Alcohol 25 B-74.0-17.0 6.5 0.0-16. using a Brookfield Viscometer.490 1.0-20.100 1. Also in 10% solution in 95% ethanol @ 25˚C using an Ostwald-Cannon-Fenske Viscometer. B-98 6.5 0. (3) 170-260 37. max Molecular wt. B-90. B-79 5.100 1.5 0-2.5 0.5 3. Ostwald solution viscosity for each product type measured with an OstwaldCannon-Fenske Viscometer.0 1.5-20.083 1.TA B L E 1 Physical Properties of Butvar® Resins Property Units *Volatiles.0-13.0 11. (2) 1. 101-119.. B U T V A R Enfocus Software . – – 80 80 88 *Specification properties All properties were determined by ASTM methods except the following: Molecular weight was determined via size exclusion chromatography with low-angle laser light scattering (SEC/LALLS) method of Cotts and Ouano in tetra-hydrofuran. (weight (white.100 1.5 Anhydrous Methanol 20 B-76.200 200-400 – (1) Solution viscosity 15% by weight cp. Microdomains In Polymer Solutions (New York: Plenum Press.485 1.000-7. /in.8 6. notched 1/2" x 1/2" 4 B U T V A R Enfocus Software .3-3.6 Yield % D638-58T 8 8 8 8 8 8 Break Property Tensile strength: Elongation: % D638-58T 70 75 110 110 100 110 Modulus of elasticity (apparent) 105 psi D638-58T 3.0-8.8 5.9 0.4 3.8-6.9 3.2 Flexural strength.0 4.0 7.9 2.8-2.0-3.3 Break 103 psi D638-58T 7.Customer Support .8 0.5-11.7 Hardness.5-11.6 4.4 2.8-7.lb. D256-56 1.1 3.8-7.6-5.5 11-12 11-12 M – D785-51 115 115 100 100 115 110 E – D785-51 20 20 5 5 20 20 ft.PROPERTIES TA B L E 2 Chemical Properties of Butvar® Resins Units ASTM Method B-72 B-74 B-76 B-79 B-90 B-98 Weak acids – D543-56T E E E E E E Strong acids – D543-56T E E E E E E Weak bases – D543-56T E E E E E E Strong bases – D543-56T E E E E E E Alcohols – D543-56T P P P P P P Chlorinated – D543-56T G G F F G G Aliphatic – D543-56T E E F F E E Aromatic – D543-56T F F P P F F Esters – D543-56T F F P P F F Ketones – D543-56T F F P P F F Property Resistance to: Organic solvents: Key: E – excellent G – good F – fair P – poor TA B L E 3 Mechanical Properties of Butvar Resins Units ASTM Method B-72 B-74 B-76 B-79 B-90 B-98 Yield 103 psi D638-58T 6.1-3.6 5.0-8. Rockwell: Impact strength Izod.8 5.3 6.3-7. yield 103 psi D790-59T 12-13 12-13 10.7-6.7 5.3-3.8 6.6-6.3-7.5 10.8-2.1 1.6-5.8 0.8-6.1 0. 0 3.0 <2.015 0.013 0.7 2.0 <3.0066 0.0050 0.7 2.6 2.6 3.75 <0.0064 0.8 2.013 0.023 10 cps – D150-59T 0.000 psi ˚C D569-59 145-155 135-145 110-115 110-115 125-130 105-110 Glass transition temperature – Tg ˚C (4) 72-78 72-78 62-72 62-72 72-78 72-78 In nitrogen % (5) <3.75 <0.8 107 cps – D150-59T 2.6 2.8 2.75 <0.5 2.Customer Support 5 .015 0.  Heat-sealing temperature was determined on a 1-mil dried film on paper cast from a 10% solution in 60:40 toluene: ethanol.027 0.  Ash content of the Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) was determined as a weight loss versus temperature profile conducted at a heating rate of 10˚C/min.5 seconds at a 60 psi line pressure was used on the heat sealer.0 In air % (5) <1. A dwell time of 1.0 10 cps – D150-59T 2. TA B L E 5 Electrical Properties of Butvar Resins Units ASTM Method B-72 B-74 B-76 B-79 B-90 B-98 50 cps – D150-59T 3.75 Heat distortion temperature ˚C D648-56 56-60 56-60 50-54 50-54 52-56 45-55 Heat sealing temperature ˚F` (6) 220 220 200 200 205 200 Property Ash content at 550˚C:  Glass transition temperature (Tg) was determined by Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) over a range of 30˚C to 100˚C on dried granular resin. 1.0064 10 cps – D150-59T 0.7 2.0039 0.024 Property Dieletric constant: 6 Dissipation factor: 3 7 Dielectric strength (1/8" thickness): Short time v/mil D149-59 420 420 480 480 450 400 Step-by-step v/mil D149-59 400 400 390 390 370 380 B U T V A R Enfocus Software .TA B L E 4 Thermal Properties of Butvar® Resins Units ASTM Method B-72 B-74 B-76 B-79 B-90 B-98 Flow temperature.0059 0.0 <2.6 2.031 0.3 103 cps – D150-59T 3.0039 0.8 50 cps – D150-59T 0.027 0.0061 106 cps – D150-59T 0.0050 0.2 3.022 0.0 <3.8 2.7 2.0 <1.2 2.5 2.0062 0.0 3.031 0.0 2.0062 0.2 3.0064 0.0 <0.7 3.0 <3.023 0. Blends of alcohols with aromatic solvents provide the best starting point for the development of solvent systems. the substitution of butyral groups for acetate groups results in a more hydrophopic polymer with a higher heat distortion temperature. as well as solvents and other chemicals. . A representative list of Butvar solvents can be found in Table 6. As a general rule. Polyvinyl butyral films are characterized by high resistance to aliphatic hydrocarbons. flexibility and adhesion of the cured coating. animal and vegetable oils (with the exception of castor and blown oils). epoxies. the polymer’s toughness and adhesion to various substrates is considerably increased. diisocyanates and melamines. therefore. Viscosities of Butvar resin solutions containing mixed solvents depend on the ratio of alcohol to aromatic. As a practical matter. such as phenolics. such as ethyl or isopropyl. crosslinking of the polyvinyl butyrals is carried out by reaction with various thermosetting resins. When an alcohol is the only solvent.The resins are offered in a variety of molecular weight ranges and viscosities.50% aromatic. ureas. In general. However. their stability to acids.This effect is shown in Graphs 3 through 10. B-90 and B-98 in Graph 2 show minimum points in the general vicinity of 50% alcohol .The presence of water gives lower solution viscosities than solutions utilizing anhydrous alcohols.PROPERTIES PRODUCT TYPES The properties of the various types of Butvar ® resins are described in Tables 1 through 5.The presence of both butyral and hydroxyl groups permits solution in mixtures of alcohol and aromatics. should prove advantageous where physical and chemical properties of B-90 are desired but lower solution viscosities are necessary. Crosslinking is generally caused by transacetalization but also may involve more complex mechanisms.Where alcohols.Customer Support BUTVAR: THE RIGHT RESIN SOLUTIONS Butvar brand resins generally are soluble in alcohols. B-76 and B-79 have a lower hydroxyl content than the other Butvar resins. Because each molecule presents the choice of three different functional groups to a surface. when employed as components of cured coatings. the probability of adhesion to a wide variety of substrates is increased substantially. All other types of Butvar contain sufficient hydroxyl groups to allow for solubility in alcohol and in hydroxyl-containing solvents.The availability of the functional hydroxyl groups in Butvar resins for condensations of this kind is an important consideration in many applications. 6 B U T V A R Enfocus Software . One notable exception. they may be crosslinked through heating and with a trace of mineral acid.The outstanding adhesion of the polyvinyl butyral resins is a result of their terpolymer constitution. such as a reaction between acetate or hydroxyl groups on adjacent chains. Although polyvinyl butyral resins normally are thermoplastic and soluble in a range of solvents. mineral.They withstand strong alkalis but are subject to some attack by strong acids. glycol ethers and certain mixtures of polar and non-polar solvents. use the 95% grades.This permits broader solubility characteristics. Butvar solutions show very marked viscosity increases as resin solids increase. is the insolubility of Butvar B-76 and B-79 in methanol. The lower hydroxyl content of Butvar B-76 and B-79 permits solubility in a wider variety of organic solvents as compared to the other grades of Butvar. At the same time. the viscosity of a Butvar solution increases as the molecular weight of the alcohol increases. Butvar will withstand heating up to 200˚F for prolonged periods with little discoloration. Viscosity curves for Butvar B-76.The same is true for Butvar B-79 in relation to B-76. Butvar B-98 resin will show the same general compatibility characteristics as B-90 and. is improved greatly. however. are employed either alone or in a mixture with other solvents. Incorporation of even a small amount of Butvar resin into thermosetting compositions will markedly improve toughness. Customer Support 7 . 95% or Anhydrous Ethylene Dichloride Ethylene Glycol I I I Isophorone PS S S Isopropyl Alcohol. B-74 Solvent Butvar** B-76. 1 clear solution at 80˚C. 85% S S S S S S SW S SW Dimethyl Ester Dimethylsulfoxide Ethyl Alcohol. **10% solids solution agitated for 24 hours at room temperature.TA B L E 6 Solubility of Butvar® Resins Butvar* B-72. 99% I S PS Ethyl Acetate. B U T V A R Enfocus Software . 1-Trichloroethane Xylene Key: S – soluble PS1 – partially soluble I – insoluble S S S SW S SW I PS SW SW – swells *5% solids solution agitated for 24 hours at room temperature. N-Dimethylacetamide S S S N. 1. Dimethylformamide S S S PS1 S PS1 S S S Ethyl Acetate. B-79 Butvar** B-90. 95% (60:40 by weight) 1. B-98 Acetic Acid (Glacial) S S S Acetone I S SW Butyl Acetate I S PS N-Butyl Alcohol S S S Butyl Cellosolve™ S S S Cyclohexanone S S S Diacetone Alcohol PS S S Diisobutyl Ketone I SW I N. 95% or Anhydrous S S S Isopropyl Acetate I S I Methyl Acetate I S PS Methyl Alcohol S SW S Methyl Ethyl Ketone SW S PS Methylene Chloride PS S S Methyl Isobutyl Ketone I S I Naphtha (Light Solvent) I SW I n-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone S S S Propylene Dichloride SW S SW Santosol™ DME-1 PS1 S PS1 Tetrachloroethylene SW SW SW Tetrahydrofuran S S S Toluene I PS SW Toluene: Ethyl Alcohol. blushing may result. 8 B U T V A R Enfocus Software . Roll Brush Drying Technique Bake Bake Bake Air Dry *Cellosolve may be partially substituted here to give lower viscosity. it is important to add the resin slowly to the solvent system with adequate stirring.5% 20.5 20.0 100. Aromatic hydrocarbons. TA B L E 7 Suggested Solvent Blends for Butvar Resins A B C D Diacetone Alcohol* 22. therefore.0 100. esters.0 40. Aliphatic hydrocarbons can be tolerated in only very small proportions.0% Xylene 45. methyl alcohol will tend to give the lowest viscosity and. when not active solvents.0 100.Customer Support .0 45.0 – Toluene Total – – 20. Solvent blends are more likely to be successful when their mean solubility parameter and hydrogen bonding fall within the ranges shown in Graph 1 and in Table 8. cobweb formation. blushing.When much more than 10% to 15% alcohol is used in a formulation for spray application. ketones and halocarbons.0 – Ethyl Alcohol.0 20. Selection of a suitable solvent system involves a number of factors. are generally satisfactory as dilutents or latent solvents. 95% 10.The viscosities of all of the Butvar resins in this solvent blend are shown in Graphs 2 and 3.0% – n-Butyl Alcohol 22.0% 15. End-use and application technique used will necessitate consideration of solution viscosity. The Butvar resins can be dissolved quite rapidly using conventional techniques.0 55. solvent release and toxicity characteristics.0 30. For compositions of Butvar. In most cases.To ensure thorough and uniform wetting of all particles.0 Relative Viscosity High Medium Low Low Relative Evaporation Rate Slow Medium Medium Very Fast Application Technique Spray Dip.0 20. The solvent blends in Table 7 are suggested for all Butvar grades. evaporation. Roll Dip.The viscosities of Butvar resins in alcohols are shown in Graphs 4 through 8. Graphs 9 and 10 present the viscosities of Butvar resins in Butyl Cellosolve™. alcohols. it may be desirable to slurry the resin in the hydrocarbon or other non-solvent component and add the more active solvent components into the slurry under adequate agitation. With some mixed solvents.PROPERTIES A common solvent for all of the Butvar ® resins is a combination of 60 parts of toluene and 40 parts of ethanol (95%) by weight.0 100. will permit the use of higher solids when used as a component of a solvent blend.They are useful as starting points in the development of solvent blends for the other types. the choice of components of solvent blend will involve compromises in at least some of these factors so that a desired combination of properties may be obtained.0 15. 9 4.5 Ethylene Glycol 100 14.0 Methanol 100 14.0 Dioxane/Tetrahydrofuran Ethanol 50/50 9.1 19.2 20.0 Isopropanol/Water 100 11.6 1 ␦.0 12.8 4.9 9.1 Ethylene Dichloride 100 9.7 Dioxane 100 9.9 13.5 Trichloroethane 95/5 9.89991_Page_9 9/13/05 2:26 PM Page 1 GRAPH 1 Solubility of Various Butvar® Resins Plotted Against Solubility Parameter (␦) and Hydrogen Bonding Index (␥) TA B L E 8 Solubility Parameter (␦) and Hydrogen Bonding Index (␥) for Common Solvents and Solvent Mixtures1 Solvent Solvent Ratio (% by Weight) (␦) (␥) Solvent Solvent Ratio (% by Weight) (␦) (␥) Acetone 100 10.0 13.5 Toluene/Ethanol Ethyl Acetate/Ethyl Alcohol 99/1 9.6 Ethanol/Water 95/5 13.7 Toluene 50/50 8.3 Butyl Cellosolve™ 100 8. J. Crowley et al.4 7.7 18.8 1.7 8.5 13.7 Cellosolve 100 9.7 Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Acetate 100 8. 38.5 Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 100 8.8 8.5 18.4 Dimethyl Acetomide 100 10.1 8.6 1.5 Xylene 99/1 8.7 Diisobutyl Ketone 100 7. ␥ values according to J.5 100 10.8 12.7 1. ␥ is in units of 1/10 cm. B U T V A R 9 .5 18.1 9.4 Tetrahydrofuran 100 12.0 Methylamyl Ketone 100 8.1 10.0 100 9.0 Dimethylsulfoxide 100 12.8 11.9 7..7 n-Butyl Acetate 100 8. 269 (1996) ␦ in units of cal/cc.0 9.8 Isopropanol 100 11.D.5 8.7 Methylene Chloride 100 9.9 13.4 Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether 60/40 9.5 7.5 Xylene/Dimethylacetamide 100 9.3 Dimethylacetamide/Xylene 60/40 10.7 18. Paint Technology. 600 10.400 B-79 B-90 B-76 1. 100 B U T V A R Enfocus Software .000 1.000 B-76 B-90 B-98 1.000 B-72 1.200 B-90 1.Customer Support 15 20 25 30 .800 100.PROPERTIES GRAPH 2 GRAPH 3 Viscosities of Butvar® in Toluene-Ethanol (95%) (15% solids) Viscosities of Butvar in 60/40 Toluene-Ethanol (95%) (by weight) 1.000 800 B-76 Brookfield Viscosity at 25°C-cp. 600 400 1 5 10 Percent Total Solids 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 80 60 40 20 Toluene Ethanol Solvent Composition by Weight 10 10 0 B-98 200 Brookfield Viscosity at 25°C-cp. 000 10.GRAPH 4 GRAPH 5 Viscosities of Butvar® in Methanol Butvar in Ethanol (95%) 100.000 B-76 B-90 Brookfield Viscosity at 25°C-cp.000 B-72 B-72 B-74 10. 100 1. B-90 1.000 B-79 B-98 100 10 0 5 10 15 Percent Total Solids B U T V A R Enfocus Software .000 100.000 Brookfield Viscosity at 25°C-cp.Customer Support 11 .000 B-98 Brookfield Viscosity at 25°C-cp.000 100 10 0 5 10 15 Percent Total Solids 10 GRAPH 6 1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Butvar in Ethanol (95%) Percent Total Solids 100. 1. 000 100 10 0 5 10 100 10 15 0 Percent Total Solids 5 10 15 Percent Total Solids GRAPH 8 G R A P H 10 Butvar in N-Butanol Butvar in Butyl Cellosolve 10.000 B-98 Brookfield Viscosity at 25°C-cp. Brookfield Viscosity at 25°C-cp.000 B-72 B-90 B-74 B-76 B-90 B-79 10.000 Brookfield Viscosity at 25°C-cp.000 100 10 0 5 Percent Total Solids 10 15 .Customer Support 10 15 1. B-98 100 10 0 5 Percent Total Solids 12 B U T V A R Enfocus Software . 1.000 B-72 B-76 B-74 B-79 10.000 1.000 10.000 100.PROPERTIES GRAPH 7 GRAPH 9 Butvar® in N-Butanol Butvar in Butyl Cellosolve™ 100.000 1. Brookfield Viscosity at 25°C-cp. the limit is unknown. (If no value is given. Butvar readily lends itself to compounding with other additives to enhance its physical and chemical properties. the compatibility with a particular commercial grade should be checked when evaluating a specific compound. particularly if the plasticizer content of the formulation is to be near the ceiling value indicated. since the values given apply to a resin type. However. TA B L E 9 Plasticizers for Butvar Resin Known Butvar: Plasticizer Compatibility Level Type Name or Trademark Hexanoate S-2075 (Triethylene Glycol Di-2-Ethylhexanoate) Adipate Santicizer 97 (Dialkyl Adipate) 4:1 Santicizer 367 (Dihexyl Adipate) 3:1 Dioctyl Adipate (DOA) 4:1 ® 1:1 Blown Linseed Oil Linseed Oil Citrate Tributyl Citrate Phosphate Santicizer 141 (2-Ethylhexyl Diphenyl Phosphate) 1:1 Santicizer 148 (Isodecyl Diphenyl Phosphate) 1:1 Santicizer 154 (Tert-Butylphenyl Diphenyl Phosphate) 1:1 Santicizer 143 (Triaryl Phosphate Ester Blend) 1:1 Tricresyl Phosphate (TCP) 1:1 Phthalate Triphenyl Phosphate (TPP) 2:1 Santicizer 261 (Alkyl Benzyl Phthalate) 2:1 Santicizer 278 (Alkyl Benzyl Phthalate) 4:3 Santicizer 160 (Butyl Benzyl Phthalate) 1:1 Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP) 1:1 Dialkyl Phthalate 4:1 Dioctyl Phthalate (DOP) 4:1 PE Glycol Ether Pycal™ 94 Polyester Paraplex™ RGA-8 Process Castor Oil #15. #30.COMPATIBILITY The compatibility of Butvar ® polyvinyl butyral resins with plasticizers. See Table 9 below. #40 2:1 Raw Castor Oil #1 Castor 1:1 Ricinoleate Flexricin™ P3 (Butyl Ricinoleate) 2:1 Rosin Derivatives Hercolyn™ Sebacate Dibutyl Sebacate Sulfonamide Ketjenflex™ 8 (n-Ethyl Toluenesulfonamide) 1:1 Ketjenflex™ 9S (Toluenesulfonamide) 2:1 The values given in the above table are a guide to the compatibility limits of the plasticizers in the various resins shown. modifiers and other various resins is well established. Where the value is given as 1:1.) The highest concentration tested was 100 phr. B U T V A R Enfocus Software . Plasticizers are often used to impart improved flexibility over a broader temperature range. some plasticizer/resin combinations may have even greater compatibility.Customer Support 13 . 1007F C C Araldite™ 6069 C C Damar C C Isocyanate Desmodur™ AP Stabil C C Melamine Formaldehyde Resimene® 717 and 881 P P Fossil Resimene 730 and 741 P P OxyChem™ 02620. B-79 Solvent Acrylate Butvar B-72. 14 B U T V A R Enfocus Software .Table 10 depicts the compatibility of Butvar® polyvinyl butyral resins with other modifiers and resins. TA B L E 10 Compatibility of Butvar® With Various Resins Butvar B-76.PROPERTIES Crosslinkers such as Santolink® phenolic and Resimene® amino resins are used to impart greater toughness and thermal resistance. 29107 C C Durite™ P-97 C C Methylon™ 75-108 C C Santolink EP 560 (Butyletherified) C C SP-1044 Resin C C Pentalyn™ H P P Staybelite™ Ester 10 C P ® Phenolic ® Rosin Derivatives Vinsol™ Shellac Silicone C C C C DC 840 C P DCZ 6018 C P Sulfonamid Ketjenflex™ MH P P Urea Formaldehyde Resimene® 918 P P Vinyl Chloride Copolymer VAGH. B-74. 92600. B-90.Customer Support I – Incompatible . B-98 I I Alkyd Beckosol™ 11-035 P P Duraplex™ 11-804 P P Cellulose Cellulose Acetate I I Cellulose Acetate Butyrate P P Ethyl Cellulose P P Nitrocellulose. RS™ C C Nitrocellulose.VAGD P I Key: C – Compatible in all proportions P – Partially compatible * Refers to film compatibility provided mutual solvents are used. SS™ C C Chlorinated Rubber I I Coumarone-Indene I I Epoxy Epi-Rez™ 540-C C C Epon™ 1001F. INSOLUBILIZING REACTIONS Many applications for the vinyl acetal resins involve curing with a thermosetting resin to obtain the balance of properties desired. the properties of coatings vary greatly with the type and amount of crosslinking agent used. In general. any chemical reagent or resinous material which reacts with secondary alcohols will react with the polyvinyl butyral to inhibit solubility.The free hydroxyl groups in vinyl acetal resins present a point of chemical reactivity through which the resins may be insolubilized. REACTION WITH PHENOLICS BUTVAR OH PHENOLIC OH OH HOH2C (R) CH2OH OH H+ CH3 CH3 BUTVAR Of course.Customer Support 15 . BUTVAR O OH OH H2C (R) CH2 O CH3 CH3 BUTVAR REACTION WITH EPOXIES (Anhydride Cure) CH3 CH3 CH2 CH CH2 O O C CH3 O CH2 CH OH Typical Epoxy Resin BUTVAR CH2 O O CH2 CH CH2 C X O CH3 BUTVAR OH O O C O C O C O O C CH O OH O CH CH2 CH2 EPOXY B U T V A R Enfocus Software . Customer Support NH CH2 O BUTVAR .PROPERTIES REACTION WITH DIALDHEHYDES REACTION WITH ISOCYANATES BUTVAR CH CH2 BUTVAR CH CH CH2 OH O O O CH H R HC O OH CH2 O OH CH CH2 OH BUTVAR CH CH REACTION WITH MELAMINES BUTVAR OH N N NH C C N NH N (R) HN NH2 C C N MELAMINE RESIN C NH CH2OH N C HO NH2 H+ BUTVAR BUTVAR O H2C N N NH O NH R Tertiary Amine NH C O O BUTVAR BUTVAR HOH2C DIISOCYANATE NCO CH O C NCO + HC 16 O OH OH CH BUTVAR CH C C N N NH (R) HN C C N N C C NH2 NH2 B U T V A R Enfocus Software . supplies a corrosion inhibiting pigment in a tenaciously adhering binder. several means of preventing corrosion. This primer is a two-package system containing Butvar B-90 in a solvent system consisting of normal butanol and either ethanol or isopropanol. Films which may be air dried. MILITARY SPECIFICATION WASH PRIMERS The U. in particular. WASH PRIMERS In protective coatings for metal the best known vinyl acetal application is in “wash primers. Coiled or shaped magnet wire with a polyvinyl butyral overcoat is tough and flexible. Navy Bureau of Ships has long recognized the need for the use of the wash primer as a surface pretreatment for metals prior to subsequent painting. Specific details of both wash primer systems can be found in the particular specification involved.S. to that formed in the common phosphating processes.The presence of hydroxyl groups in the polymer molecule not only enables good wetting of most substrates. and dries to take most topcoats. is as follows:  First. this type of primer actually phosphatizes the metal at the surface.” also referred to as “metal conditioners. Resin-Acid MIL-C-8514C (ASG). By comparison. Military Specification DOD-P-15328D entitled Primer. wash primers are specified under urethane and vinyl topcoats. dam locks and. airplanes. for example. is deposited on the metal. an iron oxide and zinc phosphate film. similar  Third.” Compared with other corrosion inhibiting materials. these wash primers provide a continuous supply of chromate ions to repair pin holes in the phosphate film. In effect. baked or cured at room temperature are obtained by proper compounding. Highway departments also have shown a keen interest in these coatings for bridges.These anti-corrosive primers apply easier.The presence of hydroxyl groups in the polyvinyl butyral molecule permits the polyvinyl butyral not only to crosslink with itself. eliminating the need for a special chromate rinse.S. providing additional mechanical protection to the metal surface. Metal Pretreatment. highway guard rails.APPLICATIONS WIRE ENAMELS Butvar® resins may be used to overcoat magnet wire so that coils made from that wire can be cemented with heat or by solvent activation. or aluminum. the polyvinyl butyral film is chemically bound in the inorganic layers through a chromium complex. wash primers provide corrosion resistance and adhesion under single coat styrenated alkyd and other modified alkyd enamels. Wash primers are widely used on a variety of metal structures. SURFACE COATINGS The Butvar vinyl acetal resin may be used alone or in combination with a wide variety of resins to give functional surface coating compositions. but also furnishes a reactive site for chemical combination with thermosetting resins. the Department of the Air Force and the U. ships. wash primers are unique and more effective because they offer. In finishing trucks or house trailers fabricated of phosphated or galvanized steel. Navy Bureau of Naval Weapons have approved a slightly different pretreatment formulation designated Coating Compound.Customer Support 17 . such as storage tanks. Pretreatment is required to be used on all metal surfaces. but also to crosscure with phenolic or isocyanate resin.  Second. The action of wash primers over steel. adhere better. B U T V A R Enfocus Software .This system specifies the use of either Butvar B-76 or Butvar B-90 in a solvent system consisting of butanol and ethanol. and dry faster than the more conventional materials. in a single treatment. The overall balance of physical and chemical properties has made this type of overcoat based on Butvar a leader in the field for many years. etc. On metal that is subject to immersion and corrosion conditions. To a solution of: Percent by Weight Butvar B-76 1. Grind for 30 minutes and package B.97 11. and also under epoxy. good adhesion and corrosion resistance are retained under alkyd.52 4. galvanized steel.This formulation was designed to give higher early water resistance than the well-known military specification wash primers. at 0. brass. 1:1 by volume) NVM 19% Weight per gallon 7. The thermosetting resin content of the B-1030 formulation not only increases water resistance but also contributes to reduced solvent sensitivity. Although designed to enhance adhesion.00 5.50 n-Butanol 92. copper. stainless steel and chrome plate. Reducer Percent by Weight Phosphoric acid.35 Methyl Ethyl Ketone 2. phosphated steel./gal. Add solution of: Butvar B-76 7. but in many cases may afford protection as the sole coating.82 3. green single-package primer also known as a “reacted” wash primer.00 Mix for several minutes and package Reduced Primer Properties (Pigment grind to reducer. B-1030 does not display hard pigment settling of the base grind. In contrast to the older wash primer formulations. Scale 4.Thus.3 mils dry Pot life 8-12 hours SINGLE-PACKAGE WASH PRIMER: B-1011 WITH BUTVAR® Wash primer B-1011 is a clear. ft.50 Total 100. Grind to Hegman fineness of 6.Customer Support possess good adhesion to steel. 95% 9.APPLICATIONS NON-SPECIFICATION WASH PRIMERS: B-1030 WITH BUTVAR® Wash primer B-1030 formulation is a two-package system based on Butvar B-76 resin and a thermosetting phenolic resin. Films of the primer 18 B U T V A R Enfocus Software .5 lbs. alkydnitrocellulose. TA B L E 1 1 Wash Primer B-1030 With Butvar A.08 Methyl Ethyl Ketone 24. Based on Butvar B-90 resin. 85% 7. this coating also functions as a corrosion-inhibiting primer for a variety of topcoats. polyvinyl acetate and alkyd melamine topcoats. wood.63 Santolink® EP 560 Total 8.39 Ethanol. urethane. Base grind 1. . Add: Basic Zinc Chromate pigment Celite™ 266 9. acrylic and vinyl topcoats. Coatings based on formulation B-1030 exhibit reduced tendency to blister and to lose adhesion in high humidity. Coverage 533 sq. it has excellent stability in both concentrated and diluted forms and air dries to clear glossy films of very low color.24 Ethanol.00 100. 95% 23.S. N.The B-1030 formulation also has nonsettling characteristics. /gal.37 Water 0. are suggested.0 20.30 Butvar B-90 11.10 n-Butanol 125.S. 99% 99. 3.0 15.48 Isopropanol.0 1.0 28. Borax. Substitution of these pigments for zinc chromate on an equal weight or volume basis are suggested starting points for reformulation. Acetone B.70 1.26 B. at 0.80 Moly-White X92 (1) 39./gal.P. Pfizer Inc. B U T V A R Enfocus Software .0 56. 99% 353.73 Total 100. alternative anticorrosive pigments. No. DI 25.0 25. borate or borophosphate.0 53.0 Coverage 384 sq.6 0. A chromate-free wash primer based upon U.S..0 8. Sherwin-Williams Chemicals 2.72 Water 6.48 Chromic Acid (99 + %) 0.0 3. Base Grind DOD-P-15328D MOLY-WHITE X92 Pounds Pounds Gallons Butvar B-90 56.34 Furnace Black (3) 0.0 18.S.00 85% Phosphoric Acid (U. 7.0 Isopropanol.Customer Support 19 .0 125.7 Basic Zinc Chromate 54.0 2.80 82.0 15. Government specification DOD-P15328D is shown in Table 13. 85% 28.00 Properties NVM 12% Viscosity 21 sec.40 Anhydrous Ethanol 36.3 mils dry CHROMATE-FREE WASH PRIMERS WITH BUTVAR Traditional wash primer formulations have generally employed zinc chromate as the anticorrosive pigment. Reducer Phosphoric Acid.0 353. C. MP40-27 (2) 8. 44.0 1. ft. TA B L E 13 Sherwin-Williams Chromate-free Wash Primer A. Due to toxicity concerns associated with chromates.0 0.6 0.TA B L E 12 Wash Primer B-1011 With Butvar® Material Percent by Weight A.0 99.70 Magnesium Silicate.0 6.0 Water. 4 Ford cup Lbs. DI 15. Columbian Chemicals Alternative chromate-free pigments are PhosGuard J-0800 from Mineral Pigments Corporation and Borogard ZB from U.0 1. such as zinc molybdate.) 0.34 Water. flexibility. 95% Xylol Santolink® EP 560 Epon™ 1007F 20 B U T V A R Enfocus Software . ureas. as well as the wide variety of metallic substrates. Food and Drug Administration for indirect food additive uses. improve adhesion. and increase coating toughness and flexibility. Specific application tests have shown that this system should make outstanding can or drum linings. spray. Applications of such coatings can be made by conventional methods including brush. minimize cratering. etc. Curable coatings containing Butvar resin may be formulated to meet the extractability requirements of the U.0 Butvar® B-90 2. Application: Spray or roller Metal coating 2009 is one example of the use of Butvar in combination with other resins – in this case phenolic and epoxy – to produce an excellent coating. dip. melamines.4 n-Butanol 17.Customer Support 7.1 13. TA B L E 1 4 Metal Coating 2009 Material 17.00 Properties NVM 20% Cure cycle sequence: Room temperature. followed by 30 minutes at 190˚F and 20 minutes at 400˚F.7 Total 100. etc. isocyanates.These resin combinations can be compounded to produce baked coatings with good chemical resistance.This particular combination provides excellent abrasion resistance. Drying 15 minutes.APPLICATIONS METAL COATINGS Butvar® resins are used in a wide variety of metal coating applications in combination with other resin types. which also will withstand post-forming. which are coated by the fluidized bed technique. End-use applications include drum and can linings. toughness.7 34. such as phenolics. Percent by Weight Diacetone Alcohol . adhesion and chemical resistance. fluidized bed.4 Ethanol.0 10% Phosphoric Acid (in above solvents) 2.7 5. When used with these various modifying resins. epoxies.S. Butvar can improve coating uniformity. shellac and shellac ester along with other resin types are used with Butvar under many of the common topcoats (Table 15). the wood substrate is protected against discoloration when Butvar is used in the finish.1 Nitrocellulose.3% Application: Brush TA B L E 15 Sealer/Wash Coat With Butvar Material Percent by Weight Butvar B-98 6. No.9 8.5 10. 99% Methyl Isobutyl Ketone The above formulation is designed for brush application. The following starting formulation is representative of the kind of wood sealer or wash coat that can be compounded from Butvar: TA B L E 16 Western Pine Association Knot Sealer. It provides good holdout.WOOD FINISHES Knot Sealers Protective Wash Coats and Sealers The polyvinyl butyral resins are excellent barriers to bleeding of terpenaceous matter from knots.5% 20 sec.0 Properties NVM Viscosity 12. Butvar is particularly effective for improving the holdout of polyester and polyurethane coatings. Butvar® resin is widely used as a component of wash coats and sealers in wood finishing operations. flexibility. Combinations involving nitrocellulose. 4 Ford cup B U T V A R Enfocus Software . 32.0 Properties NVM 23. RS™. as well as protecting the wood substrate against color changes caused by light. WP578 Material Butvar B-90 Durite™ P-97 Ethanol. Anhydrous Isopropanol. toughness and impact resistance to the coating system. intercoat adhesion. moisture resistance.0 56.3 40. giving the same outstanding performance as the brush applied system.3 Toluol 13.9 5.3 Total 100. However. The system consists of a combination of Butvar and phenolic resins (Table 16). In addition. 95% Total Percent by Weight 3.8 Xylol 13.7 100. heart wood and rosin ducts.The Western Pine Association has developed a superior knot sealer based on Butvar.2 Butyl Acetate Ethanol.Customer Support 21 .. 1/4 Second 9. it has been adapted to application from an aerosol spray can. . Polyvinyl butyral-phenolic ratios of from 10:1 to 10:20 have been used successfully for structural adhesives. Refinements in formulating structural adhesives led to their use in bonding brake linings. the cured adhesive becomes more flexible and. For spraying. 22 B U T V A R Enfocus Software .. i.e. Butvar B-72. solvents in the boiling range of 75˚C to 100˚C are advised because they can be removed by air drying and then force drying for 30 to 60 minutes at 105˚C. occur when the cure time is shortened or the cure temperature is lowered. For brushing. The addition of small amounts of compatible plasticizer to an adhesive system combining a vinyl acetal resin with a thermosetting resin increases the flexibility and impact resistance of the bond with only slight sacrifice in high temperature shear. the solids content should be reduced in order to obtain non-blushing. For brushing. the system was the first synthetic resin adhesive to be used for bonding metals in structural applications. such as Durite™ LS-433 or Plyophen™ 22-023.Yet the solvent cannot be so volatile that blushing occurs. Phenolic Resins In some structural adhesive formulations. and in the architectural field for the manufacture of interior and exterior curtain walls. excellent dielectric properties. 21%. will have temperature shear bond strength of more than 1. 16% to 18%. Adhesives with pressure sensitive properties in the uncured state can be developed which. in structural composite fiber binders for aerospace or anti-ballistic applications. Epoxies and Other Thermosetting Resins Butvar resins are compatible with many epoxy resins and can confer such improvements on epoxy based systems as increased impact resistance and peel strength. and exceptionally good creep resistance as measured by the ability of the bond to carry sustained loads for extended periods of time. the choice of solvents is important both for viscosity control of the solution and proper drying and filming characteristics. As the amount of phenolic is reduced. the high temperature shear strength is reduced. Viscosity of the adhesive solution affects the smoothness and the thickness of the final brushed or sprayed film. or as a mixture of liquid and solid. such as xylene and butanol. although 10:5 seems to be the best ratio for a compromise of properties.APPLICATIONS ADHESIVES Structural Adhesives Structural adhesives originally were developed for use in the aircraft industry to replace rivets and other methods of joining and fastening. Other outstanding properties of the PVB-phenolic system include high peel strength at very low temperatures.S.* *See U. non-cobwebbing films. an unsupported film. the vinyl acetal resins can serve as both co-reactant and flexibilizer. Sprayed films are much more sensitive to blushing than brushed or roller-coated films. the PVB-phenolic gives the highest shear strength values at temperatures up to 250˚F. in most cases. the proper viscosity is obtained at the following solids content (with a 10:5 PVB: phenolic ratio): Butvar B-90.The tack or heat seal temperature of the uncured adhesive also is appreciably lowered by the addition of plasticizer. because of the increased thermoplastic nature of the system. peel strength increases.This increased flexibility is most evident when peeling thick adherends and at high peeling speeds. Patent 2. In epoxy systems. as in phenolic systems. when cured. in the electrical and electronic industries on printed circuits.134. Combinations of Butvar® resin with thermosetting resins have long been in use in bonding aircraft components – in fact. increased peel and reduced high temperature shear strength.Customer Support In a solution adhesive system.499. Solutions for spraying can tolerate small amounts of higher boiling solvents. Structural adhesives based on polyvinyl butyral resins can be applied as a solution. Compared with other general types of structural adhesive systems (epoxy-phenolic and synthetic rubberphenolic). In addition. Proper drying of the adhesive film is very important. a supported film on paper or cloth.These effects. as only a small amount of residual solvent can affect greatly the various final properties.000 psi. Butvar resins are combined with alkaline catalyzed phenolic laminating resins. Adhesive Strengths Typical test values for phenolic bonds of Butvar resins measured by these techniques are given below: TA B L E 17 Adhesives Strengths Amount of Phenolic Cure 50 phr. 30 min. B U T V A R Enfocus Software . dust. etc.Width 25-30 Test Procedures: Shear – aluminum to aluminum as per MIL-A-8431 Peel – 6 mil. 300˚F 5.Customer Support 23 . In aircraft applications. for highest strength bonds.The adhesive should be applied to the cleaned surface as soon as possible.000 30-35 Butvar B-72 100 phr.With solvent systems. this thickness usually can be achieved with two to four brushed coats of adhesive on each adherend.  Aluminum alloys – acid oxidation  Copper – alkaline oxidation  Steel – a pickling bath to remove oxide scale Care should be taken to avoid touching the cleaned panels or exposing them to any contaminated atmosphere.000 4.700 2. fatigue resistance.High-strength Bonding Procedure Performance Characteristics For high-strength bonds. aluminum peeled at 5 inches per minute *phr. Adhesives based on Butvar® resins excel in all of these characteristics.. and oil and gas resistance are most important. fatigue strength and environmental resistance. is sufficient.000 3. peel strength. peel strength. even pressure must be applied to the laminate during cure in order that consistent bonds be obtained. creep properties.Thicker glue lines have greater flow and absorb unequal curing pressures. creep. = parts per hundred resin. In printed circuits. such as oil film. However. chemical surface preparation is employed.The following metals require the preparation noted: The quality of a structural bond for a particular application is usually described in terms of its shear strength.000 1.400 Butvar B-90 50 phr. The requirements and methods for testing adhesives for aircraft applications are presented in Military Specifications MM-A-132 and MIL-A-25463-30./in. substrate cleaning is very important. A dry glue line of three to 10 mils has been found quite satisfactory.300 1. aluminum to 64 mil.100 35-40 Vinyl Acetal Butvar B-72 PSI Shear Strength at 72˚F 180˚F 250˚F 300˚F 500 Peel at 72˚F lbs. Such cleaning normally is achieved by solvent or by detergent wash. 20 min.. 330˚F 5. Usually the removal of surface contamination.With very thin glue lines.. For architectural use.Test methods for architectural and printed circuit applications are contained in various ASTM and NEMA specifications. high peel strength and long-term resistance to dead load and extremes of atmospheric environment are the outstanding requirements. 30 min.800 1. blister resistance and dielectric properties are of primary importance. high temperature shear. 330˚F 6.. Fabrics coated with properly compounded and cured Butvar have outstanding softness and flexibility without tackiness of low softening temperatures. silk. yet possesses all the functional characteristics of coated fabrics. porch furniture upholstering. aprons. depending on the type of fabric and the coating operation. Coatings can be applied from high solids solutions made with common solvents.Customer Support .  Functional Properties: Butvar combines these attributes with functional properties comparable to those of the best textile coating materials in the field.The solution of Butvar. ADVANTAGES AS TEXTILE COATING The advantages of Butvar as a textile coating resin stem from the following properties:  Transparency: Butvar can be made into a clear. such as B-76. The first two coats should be low in viscosity for proper penetration of the coating into the fiber interstices. awnings and beach accessories. smocks and children’s bibs are some of the more common items which can be prepared.  Hand and Appearance: A coating with Butvar has the soft. such as nylon. a light coating averaging 1-1/2 oz. almost any fairly tightly woven fabric with a flat surface can be made water resistant and stain resistant with a coating based on Butvar. Solids content can be high and the solvents fast evaporating.  Adhesion: After curing. viscose rayon and fiberglass.They have excellent chemical and water resistance. slipcovers. can be applied to practically all common fabrics. Usually two topcoats are required for a smooth.The many types of Butvar resins allow the best match to individual applications. Outside the home.This is followed by a flat topcoat to remove gloss and tack normally associated with coated fabrics.APPLICATIONS Hot Melt Adhesives Butvar® makes an excellent base for hot melt adhesives even where difficult-to-bond surfaces are involved. Butvar adheres readily to practically all fabrics. warm. For most applications. dry to the square yard is recommended. As a rule. which provides a transparent film. Clear coatings with Butvar may be applied from solutions of up to 35% solids. wool. Cotton. Solutions of Butvar are ideally suited to coating with either rubber or pyroxylin spreaders. It can be compounded to make fabrics water resistant and stain resistant without noticeably affecting the appearance. feel. flexible feel of an uncoated fabric. are available to produce adhesives where less crosslinking is desirable. including those normally considered difficult to coat. During the drying and curing operations. Films of Butvar resin are tough and will resist abrasion and wear. drapes. skip-free coating. Table 18 shows a starting formulation for a hot melt based on Butvar: TA B L E 18 Typical Hot Melt Formulation Material Parts by Weight Butvar B-76 10 Santicizer 160 10 Castorwax™ 35 Poly-Pale™ Ester #1 26 Staybelite™ Ester #10 19 ® Total 100 TEXTILE COATINGS One of the unique uses of Butvar polyvinyl butyral resin is in the textile coating field.The material will flow well after being spread. Butvar B-98 can be formulated to produce a hot melt with low viscosity characteristics. viscose rayon and other synthetics can be successfully coated. B-72 can be used to produce an adhesive with similar chemical properties but higher viscosity.Tablecloths. Butvar is transformed to an elastomer which becomes a permanent part of the fabric. For example. colorless coating with excellent light resistance and aging characteristics. shower curtains. Other types. drape and color of the fabric. nylon. pigmented coatings may be as high as 45% solids. fabrics coated with Butvar serve as rainwear.The relationship between depth of penetration and coating 24 B U T V A R Enfocus Software . is applied in generally two to five passes. which can be prepared in a solvent mixture of alcohol and naphtha. Butvar. Butvar® is unique among vinyl resins in its ability to be cured in a manner somewhat analogous to rubber. Add Butvar B-72 with stirring.7 p-Nonyl Phenol . cooking oils and fats.0 Ethanol 95% 84. A formulation incorporating such a crosslinking resin follows in Table 19. Viscosity (24 hours) ca. Coated stocks are cured after all coats have been applied.2 Compounding 1. in gas ovens and even dryer cans. harsh coating which will break on flexing. Resimene AQ-7550 and p-Toluene Sulfonic Acid in that order. tea. TA B L E 19 Typical Textile Coating Formulation Material Parts by Weight Butvar B-72 48. 3. Premature curing of any coat due to overheating will reduce the adhesion of subsequent coats. neutral soap and warm water should be used.8 Water 8. coffee. CERAMIC BINDER APPLICATIONS Butvar polyvinyl butyral resins are recognized as the binder of choice in the processing of ceramic tape cast materials. only a small amount of a modifying resin is needed to increase substantially the heat and solvent resistance of the Butvar resin. 70.000 cps. Mullen and other physical test properties will suffer. peel adhesion. such as urea. In all cases. Curing improves the heat resistance.2 Toluene 64.5 p-Toluene Sulfonic Acid . Such treatment will remove the plasticizer and leave a stiff.000 csp.The coated fabric can be ironed on the uncoated side.The primary advantages of using Butvar resins are their solubility in a wide range of solvents and uniform adhesion to conductive metals. Compound Properties Percent solids 39% Viscosity (freshly made) ca. Since the reaction involves the hydroxyl groups on the chain of Butvar. 75. Butvar resins also are used as a binder medium in thick film processing.Customer Support 25 . B U T V A R Enfocus Software . A properly coated and cured fabric will be water resistant. in steam heated ovens at 300˚F. 2. solvent resistance and adhesion to the fabric. will be resistant to stains of ink.0 Resimene® AQ-7550 3. Cure time will vary from approximately one hour at 250˚F to five minutes or less at 350˚F.0 Tricresyl Phosphate 48. Should the uncoated side require laundering. melamines and isocyanates. Most soilings can be wiped away with a damp cloth. Coatings with Butvar have been cured satisfactorily in festoon dryers at 200˚F. Curing of Butvar is accomplished by incorporating crosslinking resins. blend in p-Nonyl Phenol. Combine solvents and plasticizer.The time required for curing will depend on the resins and the catalysts employed and on the temperature of the curing oven. and will have excellent washability. It is compatible with many common solvents and plasticizers and burns out cleanly during sintering. Experience has shown that superior coatings are produced by many thin coats rather than by a few heavy applications. heat if desired to speed solution. Coatings based on Butvar cannot be dry cleaned.The resin imparts excellent green strength and flexibility to the ceramic tape. If an excessively high coating viscosity is used for the initial coats. Cool batch. Butvar is formulated in the solvent vehicle used to deposit the circuit pattern on the ceramic surface. phenolics. overheating should be avoided in order to prevent loss of plasticizer and stiffening.viscosity will necessarily depend on the fabric construction and must be determined on the basis of trials. The Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) was a weight loss versus temperature profile conducted at a heating rate of 10˚C/min.APPLICATIONS TAPE CASTING Butvar® is regarded as the binder of choice for the ceramic tape casting process due to the following benefits:  Butvar resins provide excellent green strength  Additional Butvar can be added to most to the unified tape.  Butvar burns out cleanly with a minimum of warpage to the fired part. Pour.0 5. B-90 or B-98. such as fish oils or phosphate esters. ceramic slip viscosities. Add Santicizer 160 and Butvar B-79.  Thick films with Butvar can be co-fired with the green tape in laminated ceramic substrates. Butvar B-79 and B-98.3 Blown Menhaden Oil Z-3 visc.  Low Butvar concentrations allow for higher density substrates after firing. are recommended for use in tape casting processes.75 <0.  Choose from dialkyl phthalates.  Low gel content minimizes surface defects.  Flexibility in choosing Butvar product types and load levels for a wide range in binder solution viscosities and.The advantages to using Butvar in thick films include: Ash Content at 550˚C – in Nitrogen TA B L E 20 26 Premix the fish oil in the toluene and MEK and add to ball mill. The medium-to-low molecular weight resins.75 Parts by Weight Santicizer® 160 B U T V A R  Butvar is an excellent binder and dispersant for – in Air Typical Tape Casting Formulation Component THICK FILMS Butvar resins can be used as the binder medium in vehicle formulations for thick film pastes. TA B L E 21 Thermal Properties Test Units Method Glass Transition Temperature – Tg C Butvar Butvar B-76 B-90 B-79 B-98 DSC 62-72 72-78 % TGA <2.  A microfiltration system is generally used with binder/solvent systems. A five micron or finer filter is recommended.4 Enfocus Software . therefore. are recommended for either silk screen or steel screen processes. A typical tape casting formulation based on 100 gms of solid ceramic powder is offered below: Alumnina Butvar B-79 100.0 4.  Butvar is soluble in many volatile yet inexpensive solvents.4 MEK 14. Add Alumina and ball mill for one hour.  Butvar is compatible with many of the plasticizers used in ceramic systems. formulations to improve inter-film lamination in a multilayer substrate. 2. benzyl phthalates.0 % TGA <0. adipates or phosphates commonly used.  The Butvar allows multiple tapes to be laminated in the green stage. Butvar B-76. de-air for several minutes. Mill an additional 24 hours. Our lowest molecular weight resins. and cast.  Binder compatibility problems are minimized for co-firing systems when Butvar is used in both the thick film processing and as the binder in the ceramic tape casting process. .  Butvar has natural dispersing properties and is compatible with common dispersing agents.  The product shrinks uniformly.Customer Support the conductive metals used in thick films.0 Toluene 14.0 <3. The apparent glass transition temperature (Tg) was determined by Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). B-79. All Butvar resins are alcohol soluble and are often used in solvent based gravure and flexographic ink formulations to improve flexibility.This minimizes the level of fines without detracting from the flow properties. as well as in the manufacture of offset printing plates and other printing technology apparatus. Butvar also serves the toner industry as a secondary binder. The overall toughness of the Butvar enhances the integrity of the toner during the milling process and extended machine operation.The solubility characteristics of Butvar B-79 and B-76 in aromatic and other fast drying solvents allow for compounding at low concentrations in high speed.Butvar® Resin Thermolysis Profiles:Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) G R A P H 11 In Nitrogen 100 90 80 70 60 Weight (Wt. B U T V A R Enfocus Software . Percent) 50 TONERS AND PRINTING INKS Butvar resins have been used in printing ink formulations for many years. Percent) 50 40 30 20 10 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 Temperature (°C) Heating Rate: 10°C/min.These properties have also enabled Butvar to be used in ink formulations for thick film conductive pastes. high quality printing applications. Polyvinyl butyral is added to the formulations to increase viscosity and to improve film integrity over the fuser roll. adhesion. G R A P H 12 In Air 100 90 80 70 60 Weight (Wt. 40 30 20 10 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 Temperature (°C) Heating Rate: 10°C/min. printer ribbons and pen inks.Customer Support 27 . and toughness. (66 kg) 145 lb. the finished product is analyzed in detail to be certain it conforms to our rigid specifications. TOXICITY AND FDA STATUS Butvar® resins are regulated by the U. to ensure that you receive highly uniform material with each shipment. TA B L E 2 2 Packaging Information Container Type 61-gallon Fiber Drum 28 B U T V A R Enfocus Software . Details on specific coverage of individual studies are available upon request. QUALITY CONTROL To obtain the outstanding quality characteristics of Butvar. Food and Drug Administration under parts of 21 Code of Federal Regulations for use as indirect food additives. S. In addition. (66 kg) B-90. (61 kg) . (63 kg) B-98.STORAGE AND HANDLING STORAGE Environments of high heat and humidity should be avoided.Customer Support B-72 B-74 145 lb. B-76 140 lb. Solutia maintains statistical process control over the manufacturing process. Butvar resin also has been subjected to acute toxicity and mutagenicity studies. B-79 135 lb. 95% – Neosol Shell Chemical Corporation Tributyl Citrate Morflex Chemical Company Ethanol. Inc. Nitrocellulose RS. Inc. Tricresyl Phosphate Fish Oil Reichhold Chemicals.) Isopropanol Exxon Company. Dibutyl Phthalate BASF Eastman Chemical Products Inc. FMC Corporation Akzo Chemicals Inc. Werner G. Cellulose Acetate Eastman Chemical Products Inc. 92600. Dibutyl Sebacate C. Hall Company Chromic Acid (Chromium Trioxide) J. Zinc Borate U. LS-433 Borden Chemical Company Stabelite Ester #10 Hercules Inc. USA Ketjenflex 8.. Butyl Cellosolve Union Carbide Corporation OxyChem 02620.Customer Support Zinc Boro Phosphate Mineral Pigments Corporation Zinc Molybdate Sherwin-Williams Chemical . Triphenyl Phosphate Triway Furnace Black Columbian Chemicals Hercolyn Hercules Inc. Astaris Chlorinated Rubber Hercules Inc.P. Plyophen 22-023 OxyChem DC 840 Dow Corning Corporation Poly-Pale Ester #1 Hercules Inc.S.P. 2-Ethylhexyl Diphenyl Phosphate Solutia Inc. Borax (Formerly Mobay Corp. Union Carbide Corporation ® Methyl Ethyl Ketone Shell Chemical Corporation Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Shell Chemical Corporation Methylon 75-108 OxyChem Moly-White X92 Sherwin-Williams Chemical Butyl Alcohol Union Carbide Corporation Naphtha Shell Chemical Corporation Butyl Benzyl Phthalate Solutia Inc. Durite P-97. Inc. p-Nonyl Phenol Boddin Chemiehandel Castorwax CasChem Inc. Ashland Chemical Company Methyl Butanol BASF Beckosol 11-035 Reichhold Chemicals. Resimene® 717. Inc.S. #40 CasChem Inc. 9S. Hall Company Santicizer® Plasticizers Cytec Ind. #15. Borax Butvar Resins Solutia Inc. USA Z3 Defloc Fish Oil Reichhold Chemicals. 881 AQ-7550 and 918 SP-1044 Resin Schenectady Chemicals Inc.VAGD (UCAR Solution Vinyl Resin) Union Carbide Corporation Isophorone Union Carbide Corporation Vinsol Hercules Inc. DCZ 6018 Dow Corning Corporation Pycal 94 ICI Americas Inc. #30. Smith Inc. USA Unocal Corporation Ethanol. Dimethyl Esters Solutia Inc. Inc. PhosGard J-0800 Mineral Pigments Corporation Cellulose Acetate Butyrate Eastman Chemical Products Inc. 29107 OxyChem Castor Oil #1 (raw). Borogard ZB U. Desmodur AP Stabil Bayer Corporation RGA-8 Rohm and Haas Company Diacetone Alcohol Shell Chemical Corporation Cytec Ind. Enfocus Software . Dioctyl Phthalate BASF Eastman Chemical Products Inc. 1007F Shell Chemical Corporation Exxon Company. Xylol (Xylene) Exxon Company. Phosphoric Acid.S. PlastHall DBS C. MH Akzo Chemie America Linseed Oil Arista Chemical Inc.P. Skydrol® Solutia Inc. SS Hercules Inc. Santosol® DME Cytec Ind. Santolink® EP 560 Cytec Ind. Shellac Ashland Chemical Corporation William Zinsser and Company Duraplex 11-804 Reichhold Chemicals. 85% U. Blown Menhaden Oil Z-3 visc. 741. Dihexyl Adipate Ferro Inc. Magnesium Sillicate MP40-27 Pfizer Inc.MATERIAL SOURCES Product Designation Owner and/or Supplier Product Designation Owner and/or Supplier Araldite 6069 Ciba Geigy Corporation Methyl Acetate Basic Zinc Chromate Landers Segal Color Company Mineral Pigments Ashland Chemical Company Unocal Corporation Methyl Alcohol Air Products and Chemicals Inc. Butyl Acetate Eastman Chemical Products Inc. Reichhold Chemicals. Flexricin-P3 CasChem Inc. Epi-Res 540-C Rhone-Poulenc Inc. 95% – Synasol Union Carbide Corporation Tributyl Phosphate FMC Corporation Akzo Chemicals Inc. Hall Company Celite 266 Manville Corporation Pentalyn H Hercules Inc. Paraplex G-25 C. 730.T. VAGH. Toluol (Toluene) Epon 1001F. Baker Inc.P. 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