Proposed syllabus and Scheme of Examinationfor B.Sc. (Program) with Life Science Submitted to University Grants Commission New Delhi Under Choice Based Credit System April 2015 1 Structure of B.Sc. Programme (Life Sciences)/ B.Sc. Medical under CBCS CORE Ability Skill Enhancement Discipline Specific COURSE(12) Enhancement Courses (SEC) (4) Elective DSE (4) Compulsory Courses (AEC) (2) I CC-Botany I English CC-Zoology I communication CC-Chemistry I CC-Botany II Environmental II CC-Zoology II Science CC-Chemistry II III CC-Botany III SEC-I CC-Zoology III CC-Chemistry III IV CC-Botany IV SEC-II CC-Zoology IV CC-Chemistry IV V SEC-III DSE-Botany I DSE- Zoology I DSE-3 Chemistry I VI SEC-IV DSE-Botany II DSE- Zoology II DSE-3 Chemistry II 2 Details of Courses Core Courses –Botany 1. Biodiversity (Microbes, Algae, Fungi and Archegoniate) 2. Plant Ecology and Taxonomy 3. Plant Anatomy and Embryology 4. Plant Physiology and Metabolism Core Courses: Zoology 1. Animal Diversity 2. Comparative Anatomy and Developmental Biology 3. Physiology and Biochemistry 4. Genetics and Evolutionary Biology Core Courses-Chemistry 1. Atomic Structure, Bonding, General Organic Chemistry & Aliphatic Hydrocarbons 2. Chemical Energetics, Equilibria & Functional Group Organic Chemistry-I 3. Conductance, Electrochemistry & Functional Group Organic Chemistry-II 4. Chemistry of s- and p-block elements, States of matter and Chemical Kinetics Discipline Specific Electives-Botany (Any two) 1. Economic Botany and Biotechnology 2. Cell and Molecular Biology 3. Analytical Techniques in Plant Sciences 4. Bioinformatics 5. Research Methodology 6. Dissertation Discipline Specific Electives: Zoology (Any two) 1. Reproductive Biology 2. Wild Life Conservation and Management 3. Biotechnology 4. Immunology 5. Applied Zoology 6. Dissertation Discipline Specific Electives-Chemistry (Any two) 3 Floriculture 5. Herbal Technology 3. Bioinorganic chemistry. 1. Quantum Chemistry and Spectroscopy 12. Intellectual Property Right Zoology 10. Apiculture Chemistry 4 . Medicinal Botany 6. Applications of Computers in Chemistry 2. Pisciculture 13. Plant Diversity and Human Welfare 7. Green Chemistry 8. Novel Inorganic Solids 5. Instrumental Methods of Analysis 11. Inorganic Materials of Industrial Importance 10. Research Methodology for Chemistry 7. Molecules of Life 14. Chemistry of d-block elements. Molecular Modelling & Drug Design 4. Organometallics. English/MIL Communication Skill Enhancement Courses (Any four) Botany 1. Aquarium Fish Keeping 12. Industrial Chemicals & Environment 9. IR Spectroscopy 13. Analytical Methods in Chemistry 3. Polynuclear hydrocarbons and UV. Dissertation Ability Enhancement Compulsory Courses 1. Environmental Science 2. Biofertilizers 2. Poultry Farming 14. Public Health and Hygiene 11. Mushroom Culture Technology 9. Polymer Chemistry 6. Sericulture 15. Ethnobotany 8. Nursery and Gardening 4. IT Skills for Chemists 17. Pesticide Chemistry 27. Intellectual Property Rights 22. Chemoinformatics 20. Fuel Chemistry 5 . Business Skills for Chemists 21. Chemical Technology & Society 19. Green Methods in Chemistry 24. Pharmaceutical Chemistry 25. Chemistry of Cosmetics & Perfumes 26. 16. Basic Analytical Chemistry 18. Analytical Clinical Biochemistry 23. 2 Animals Lab Core course Chemistry I Atomic Structure. 2 Practical Core course Zoology I Biodiversity. Programme (Life Sciences)/ B. General Organic Chemistry & Aliphatic Hydrocarbons -Lab II Ability Enhancement English 2 Compulsory Course-II communications/ Environmental Science 6 . Algae.Sc. 2 Practical Bonding. General Organic Chemistry & Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Core Course Chemistry I Atomic Structure.Scheme of B. Fungi and Archegoniate) Core Course Botany I Practical Biodiversity. 4 Bonding. 4 Animals Core Course Zoology I Practical Biodiversity.Sc. Medical under CBCS SEMESTER COURSE OPTED COURSE NAME Credits I Ability Enhancement English 2 Compulsory Course-I communications/ Environmental Science Core course Botany I Biodiversity 4 (Microbes. Equilibria & Functional Group Organic Chemistry-I -Lab III Core course Botany III Anatomy and 4 Embryology of Angiosperms Core Course Botany -III Anatomy and 2 Practical Embryology of Angiosperms- 7 . Equilibria & Functional Group Organic Chemistry-I Core Course Chemistry II Chemical 2 Practical Energetics. Core course Botany II Plant Ecology and 4 Taxonomy Core Course Botany -II Practical Plant Ecology and 2 Taxonomy- Practical Core course Zoology II Comparative 4 Anatomy and Developmental Biology Core Course Zoology II Practical Comparative 2 Anatomy and Developmental Biology Practical Core course Chemistry II Chemical 4 Energetics. 2 Practical Electrochemistry & Functional Group Organic Chemistry- II.Lab Skill Enhancement Course-I SEC-I 2 Core course Botany IV Plant Physiology 4 and Metabolism IV Core Course Botany –IV Plant Physiology 2 Practical and Metabolism Practical Core course Zoology IV Genetics and 4 Evolutionary Biology Core Course Zoology IV Genetics and 2 Practical Evolutionary Biology Practical Core course Chemistry IV Chemistry of s. 4 Electrochemistry & Functional Group Organic Chemistry- II Core Course Chemistry III Conductance. Practical Core course Zoology III Physiology and 4 Biochemistry Core Course Zoology III Physiology and 2 Practical Biochemistry- Practical Core course Chemistry III Conductance. States of matter and 8 .4 and p-block elements. States of matter and Chemical Kinetics-Lab Skill Enhancement Course-II SEC-II 2 V Discipline Specific Elective DSE Botany 1 4 Botany –I Discipline Specific Elective 2 Botany I Practical Discipline Specific Elective DSE Zoology I 4 Zoology I Discipline Specific Elective 2 Zoology I Practical Discipline Specific Elective DSE Chemistry I 4 Chemistry I Discipline Specific Elective 2 Chemistry I Practical Skill Enhancement Course -III SEC-III 2 VI Discipline Specific Elective DSE Botany II 4 Botany –II Discipline Specific Elective 2 Botany II Practical Discipline Specific Elective DSE Zoology II 4 Zoology II Discipline Specific Elective 2 Zoology II Practical Discipline Specific Elective DSE Chemistry II 4 Chemistry III 9 .2 Practical and p-block elements. Chemical Kinetics Core Course Chemistry IV Chemistry of s. Algae. Discipline Specific Elective 2 Chemistry III Practical Skill Enhancement Course –IV SEC-IV 2 Total: 120 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Semester I ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Core Course: Botany I Biodiversity (Microbes. Fungi and Archegoniate) 10 . Range of thallus organization and reproduction. (Credits: Theory-4. reproduction and significance. adaptations to land habit. Puccinia. general structure. classification. Practicals-2) THEORY Lectures: 60 Unit 1: Microbes (10 Lectures) Viruses – Discovery. replication (general account). nutrition. Vaucheria. stelar evolution. General characteristics and cell structure. transformation and transduction). life cycle of Rhizopus (Zygomycota) Penicillium. Unit 2: Algae (12 Lectures) General characteristics. Early land plants (Cooksonia and Rhynia). asexual and recombination (conjugation. Alternaria (Ascomycota).General characteristics. Agaricus (Basidiomycota).General characteristics. Morphology and life-cycles of the following: Nostoc. Economic importance. ecology and significance. Ecology and economic importance of bryophytes with special mention of Sphagnum. Classification (up to family). RNA virus (TMV). Classification (up to family). range of thallus organization. Transition to land habit. Ecological and economical importance of Pteridophytes. Lytic and lysogenic cycle. Unit 4: Gymnosperms (6 Lectures) 11 . Chlamydomonas. anatomy and reproduction of Marchantia and Funaria. Heterospory and seed habit. Unit 5: Bryophytes (10 Lectures) General characteristics. Symbiotic Associations-Lichens: General account. ecology and significance. Classification of algae. reproduction and classification. Classification. Range of thallus organization. anatomy and reproduction of Selaginella. Unit 6: Pteridophytes (8 Lectures) General characteristics. Bacteria – Discovery. Ecology and distribution. Oedogonium. Polysiphonia. Equisetum and Pteris. (Developmental details not to be included). Mycorrhiza: ectomycorrhiza and endomycorrhiza and their significance Unit 4: Introduction to Archegoniate (2 Lectures) Unifying features of archegoniates. cell wall composition . Alternation of generations. Reproduction – vegetative. (Developmental details not to be included). morphology. DNA virus (T-phage). Economic importance. True Fungi. morphology. Fucus. Economic importance of algae Unit 3: Fungi (12 Lectures) Introduction. anatomy and reproduction of Cycas and Pinus.s. 20. prothallus with sex organs and young sporophyte (permanent slide). Sectioning of gills of Agaricus. l. Marchantia. w. Types of Bacteria from temporary/permanent slides/photographs. sporangium.s. w. sporangiophore. 7.s.morphology. Funaria. Selaginella. t.s.m. w. Classification (up to family). annulus. dwarf shoot.m. rachis. rhizome. 11. w. Cycas. v. EM bacterium.morphology. strobilus. l. 12 . Lichens: Study of growth forms of lichens (crustose. (* Fucus .General characteristics.m. ovule. rhizoids. Fucus* and Polysiphonia through temporary preparations and permanent slides. l. t. w. w. sporophyte (all permanent slides).m.s.morphology (coralloid roots.morphology of thallus.s. 13.m. antheridiophore. strobilus. sporophyll. peristome. EMs/Models of viruses – T-Phage and TMV. 16.m.s. spores (temporary slides). 10. classification.s. permanent slides showing antheridial and archegonial heads.morphology. w. microsporophyll and megasporophyll (temporary slides).s. Chlamydomonas (electron micrographs). 18. Oedogonium.morphology (long and dwarf shoots. leaflet.s. w. 12. spores (wet and dry)(temporary slides). morphology. leaf). w. strobilus (permanent slide). root (permanent slide). t.m. Ecological and economical importance. w. stem. bulbil. w. Pteris.s.s.m. l.m. operculum.Specimen and permanent slides) 9.m. leaf. male and female). Alternaria: Specimens/photographs and tease mounts. 17.s.s. Mycorrhiza: ecto mycorrhiza and endo mycorrhiza (Photographs) 15. spores (temporary slides). Study of vegetative and reproductive structures of Nostoc. strobilus.s rhizome (permanent slide). t.s. Equisetum.s.s. gemmae (all temporary slides). thallus through gemma cup. Gram staining 8. Binary Fission. 21.m. foliose and fruticose) 14. Agaricus: Specimens of button stage and full grown mushroom. t. coralloid root. (Developmental details not to be included). v. rhizoids and scales. archegoniophore.morphology. t.m. microsporophyll. 19. Conjugation. 6. t. Pinus. Rhizopus and Penicillium: Asexual stage from temporary mounts and sexual structures through permanent slides. v. Structure of root nodule. l. section/tease mounts of spores on Wheat and permanent slides of both the hosts. capsule and protonema. t.m. v. Line drawing/Photograph of Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle. w. t. v. leaf with ligule. internode.s. Vaucheria. Puccinia: Herbarium specimens of Black Stem Rust of Wheat and infected Barberry leaves. rachis.m. Practical 5. spores (temporary slides). w. w. m. (1996). P. Tata McGraw Hill. Chand. Microbiology: An Introduction.K./t. Practicals-2) THEORY Lectures: 60 Unit 1.m. & r. Bhatnagar.. P.J. Life history of Taenia solium 13 .R.. Core Course: Zoology I ANIMAL DIVERSITY (Credits: Theory-4. 4. Kumar. Bryophyta. (2010). G. New Age International (P) Ltd Publishers.. 8. w. Losos.J. 2. microspores (temporary slides). Kingdom Protista: General characters and classification up to classes. M.D. Alexopoulos. H. C. An introduction to Embryophyta.s. Funke. Phylum Porifera: General characters and classification up to classes. Gymnosperms. C. female cone. S. 6. t. Mims.H. needle. microsporophyll.R. Polymorphism in Hydrozoa Unit 5.P. MacMillan Publishers Pvt. Phylum Platyhelminthes: General characters and classification up to classes. Vashishta. Text book of Fungi & Their Allies. A. (1996). Sinha. Raven. Affiliated East-West. Case. (2010).. 2nd edition.s. Delhi.. Delhi..l. 10th edition. t.. I.l. Biology.C.. l.K. dwarf shoot. Tortora. Singer. C. Pearson Benjamin Cummings. John Wiley and Sons (Asia). and Moitra. (2011).L.S.. Ltd. B.s. l. . Kumar. Ltd. male cone. Blackwell. India.A. t. Delhi. A. Press Pvt. G. S. India. S. (1991). Suggested Readings 1.. India. Singapore. Locomotory Organelles and locomotion in Protozoa Unit 3.B. 7. Introductory Mycology. stem (permanent slide).W. New Delhi. Phylum Cnidaria: General characters and classification up to classes. S. Sethi. 5. Delhi.B.. Canal System in Sycon Unit 4. U. Vol. 3.s.S.s. Introductory Phycology.K. stem. I. J. (2005). Central Book Depot. and Walia. Allahabad. N.. A. (1999).s. Johnson. Parihar. w. 4th edition.s. Pteridophyta. Unit 6. Phylum Nemathelminthes: General characters and classification up to classes; Life history of Ascaris lumbricoides and its parasitic adaptations Unit 7. Phylum Annelida: General characters and classification up to classes; Metamerism in Annelida Unit 8. Phylum Arthropoda: General characters and classification up to classes; Vision in Arthropoda, Metamorphosis in Insects Unit 9. Phylum Mollusca: General characters and classification up to classes; Torsion in gastropods Unit 10. Phylum Echinodermata: General characters and classification up to classes Water-vascular system in Asteroidea Unit 11. Protochordates: General features and Phylogeny of Protochordata Unit 12. Agnatha: General features of Agnatha and classification of cyclostomes up to classes Unit 13. Pisces: General features and Classification up to orders; Osmoregulation Unit 14. Amphibia: General features and Classification up to orders; Parental care Unit 15. Reptiles: General features and Classification up to orders; Poisonous and non- poisonous snakes, Biting mechanism in snakes Unit 16. Aves: General features and Classification up to orders; Flight adaptations Unit 17. Mammals: Classification up to orders; Origin of mammals Note: Classification of Unit 1-10 to be followed from “Barnes, R.D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology, V Edition” SUGGESTED READINGS 1. Barnes, R.D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology, V Edition. Holt Saunders International Edition. 2. Barnes, R.S.K., Calow, P., Olive, P.J.W., Golding, D.W. and Spicer, J.I. (2002). The Invertebrates: A New Synthesis, III Edition, Blackwell Science 3. Barrington, E.J.W. (1979). Invertebrate Structure and Functions. II Edition, E.L.B.S. and Nelson 4. Young, J. Z. (2004). The Life of Vertebrates. III Edition. Oxford university press. 5. Pough H. Vertebrate life, VIII Edition, Pearson International. 6. Hall B.K. and Hallgrimsson B. (2008). Strickberger’s Evolution. IV Edition. Jones and Bartlett Publishers Inc. PRACTICALS Kingdom Protista: Amoeba, Euglena, Plasmodium, Paramecium 14 Phylum Porifera: Sycon (including T.S. and L.S.), Hyalonema, and Euplectella Phylum Cnidaria: Obelia, Physalia, Aurelia, Tubipora, Metridium Phylum Platyhelminthes: Taenia solium and Study of its life history stages Phylum Nemathelminthes: Male and female Ascaris lumbricoides Phylum Annelida: Aphrodite, Nereis, Pheretima, Hirudinaria Phylum Arthropoda: Palaemon, Cancer, Limulus, Palamnaeus, Scolopendra, Julus, Periplaneta, Apis Phylum Mollusca: Chiton, Dentalium, Pila, Unio, Loligo, Sepia, Octopus Phylum Echinodermata: Pentaceros, Ophiura, Echinus, Cucumaria and Antedon Protochordata: Balanoglossus, Herdmania, Branchiostoma Agnatha: Petromyzon Pisces: Sphyrna, Pristis, Torpedo, Labeo, Exocoetus, Anguilla Amphibia: Ichthyophis/Ureotyphlus, Salamandra, Bufo, Hyla Reptilia: Chelone, Hemidactylus, Chamaeleon, Draco, Vipera, Naja, Crocodylus, Gavialis Key for Identification of poisonous and non-poisonous snakes Aves: Study of six common birds from different orders Mammalia: Sorex, Bat, Funambulus, Loris An “animal album” containing photographs, cut outs, with appropriate write up about the above mentioned taxa. Different taxa/ topics may be given to different sets of students for this purpose. These need not be repeated as drawings by the album maker. Core Course: Chemistry I ATOMIC STRUCTURE, BONDING, GENERAL ORGANIC (Credits: Theory-4, Practicals-2) 15 THEORY Lectures: 60 Section A: Inorganic Chemistry-1 (30 Lectures) Atomic Structure: Review of: Bohr’s theory and its limitations, dual behaviour of matter and radiation, de-Broglie’s relation, Heisenberg Uncertainty principle. Hydrogen atom spectra. Need of a new approach to Atomic structure. What is Quantum mechanics? Time independent Schrodinger equation and meaning of various terms in it. Significance of ψ and ψ2, Schrödinger equation for hydrogen atom. Radial and angular parts of the hydogenic wavefunctions (atomic orbitals) and their variations for 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p and 3d orbitals (Only graphical representation). Radial and angular nodes and their significance. Radial distribution functions and the concept of the most probable distance with special reference to 1s and 2s atomic orbitals. Significance of quantum numbers, orbital angular momentum and quantum numbers ml and ms. Shapes of s, p and d atomic orbitals, nodal planes. Discovery of spin, spin quantum number (s) and magnetic spin quantum number (ms). Rules for filling electrons in various orbitals, Electronic configurations of the atoms. Stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals, concept of exchange energy. Relative energies of atomic orbitals, Anomalous electronic configurations. (14 Lectures) Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Ionic Bonding: General characteristics of ionic bonding. Energy considerations in ionic bonding, lattice energy and solvation energy and their importance in the context of stability and solubility of ionic compounds. Statement of Born-Landé equation for calculation of lattice energy, Born- Haber cycle and its applications, polarizing power and polarizability. Fajan’s rules, ionic character in covalent compounds, bond moment, dipole moment and percentage ionic character. Covalent bonding: VB Approach: Shapes of some inorganic molecules and ions on the basis of VSEPR and hybridization with suitable examples of linear, trigonal planar, square planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral arrangements. Concept of resonance and resonating structures in various inorganic and organic compounds. MO Approach: Rules for the LCAO method, bonding and antibonding MOs and their characteristics for s-s, s-p and p-p combinations of atomic orbitals, nonbonding combination of orbitals, MO treatment of homonuclear diatomic molecules of 1st and 2nd Lectures (including idea of s-p mixing) and heteronuclear diatomic molecules such as CO, NO and NO+. Comparison of VB and MO approaches. (16 Lectures) Section B: Organic Chemistry-1 (30 Lectures) 16 Enantiomerism. KMnO4. Hydroboration-oxidation. Newmann. cis . Hydration. Threo and erythro.trans nomenclature. (12 Lectures) Reference Books: J. Configuration: Geometrical and Optical isomerism. Structure. (10 Lectures) Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Functional group approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to be studied in context to their structure. Preparation: Catalytic hydrogenation. D. E L. Strength of organic acids and bases: Comparative study with emphasis on factors affecting pK values. addition of bromine and alkaline KMnO4. Addition of HX (Markownikoff’s and anti-Markownikoff’s addition). Alkynes: (Upto 5 Carbons) Preparation: Acetylene from CaC2 and conversion into higher alkynes. S. Aromaticity: Benzenoids and Hückel’s rule. Reactions: Free radical Substitution: Halogenation. Wurtz reaction. 17 . Ozonolysis. Alkanes: (Upto 5 Carbons). butane and cyclohexane. from Grignard reagent. D and L. Diastereomerism and Meso compounds). Reactions: formation of metal acetylides. Kolbe’s synthesis. ozonolysis and oxidation with hot alk. Resonance and Hyperconjugation. Cleavage of Bonds: Homolysis and Heterolysis. Sawhorse and Fischer representations. Reactions: cis-addition (alk. Reactive Intermediates: Carbocations. Electronic Displacements: Inductive Effect. CIP Rules: R/ S (for upto 2 chiral carbon atoms) and E / Z Nomenclature (for upto two C=C systems). shape and reactivity of organic molecules: Nucleophiles and electrophiles. KMnO4) and trans-addition (bromine). by dehalogenation of tetra halides and dehydrohalogenation of vicinal-dihalides. cis alkenes (Partial catalytic hydrogenation) and trans alkenes (Birch reduction).Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry Physical Effects. Concept of chirality (upto two carbon atoms). Interconversion of Wedge Formula. oxymecuration-demercuration. (8 Lectures) Stereochemistry Conformations with respect to ethane. Alkenes: (Upto 5 Carbons) Preparation: Elimination reactions: Dehydration of alkenes and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides (Saytzeff’s rule). B. Carbanions and free radicals. Electromeric Effect. Lee: A new Concise Inorganic Chemistry. I) in organic compounds (containing upto two extra elements) 2. 6th Edition. BONDING. Prentice Hall. S. Estimation of sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate present in a mixture. Graham Solomon: Organic Chemistry. John Wiley and Sons. Prentice Hall. Detection of extra elements (N. L. E. Cotton & G. 7th Edition. Vogel. Finar: Organic Chemistry (Vol. James E.I. John Wiley. Section B: Organic Chemistry 1. John Wiley. A. W. T. S. Douglas. 18 . Chand ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CHEMISTRY LAB: ATOMIC STRUCTURE. A. L. 2. R. Estimation of oxalic acid by titrating it with KMnO4. McDaniel and Alexader: Concepts and Models in Inorganic Chemistry. Morrison & R. Wilkinson: Basic Inorganic Chemistry. Peter Sykes: A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry. Tata McGraw Hill. Br. 5. I.I. Orient Longman. Separation of mixtures by Chromatography: Measure the Rf value in each case (combination of two compounds to be given) (a) Identify and separate the components of a given mixture of 2 amino acids (glycine. B. S. glutamic acid. Estimation of Fe (II) ions by titrating it with K2Cr2O7 using internal indicator. Arun Bahl and B. Ellen Keiter and Richard Keiter: Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity. Estimation of water of crystallization in Mohr’s salt by titrating with KMnO4. 3. L. Cl. Prentice Hall. S. 4. tyrosine or any other amino acid) by paper chromatography (b) Identify and separate the sugars present in the given mixture by paper chromatography. Pearson Publication. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis. T. aspartic acid. Estimation of Cu (II) ions iodometrically using Na2S2O3. F. GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY & ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS 60 Lectures Section A: Inorganic Chemistry .Volumetric Analysis 1. Bahl: Advanced Organic Chemistry. Reference Books: Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis. E. N. Boyd: Organic Chemistry. I & II). Vogel. Huheey. A. Eliel: Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds. F. Practical Organic Chemistry. Saunders. 5th edition. G. 1960. Vogel . Orient Longman. A. C. Mann. Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry.I. Prentice Hall. & B. 19 . Light and temperature: Variation Optimal and limiting factors. Water: States of water in the environment. Keys: single access and multi-access Unit 8 Taxonomic evidences from palynology. Food chains and food webs. important herbaria and botanical gardens of the world and India. Classification. Shelford law of tolerance. Cycling of carbon. Documentation: Flora. Unit 3: Plant communities (6 Lectures) Characters.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Semester II ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Core Course Botany -II Plant Ecology and Taxonomy (Credits: Theory-4. phytochemistry and molecular data. Unit 7 Identification (4 Lectures) Functions of Herbarium. precipitation types. cytology. Ecotone and edge effect. nitrogen and Phosphorous Unit 5: Phytogeography (4 Lectures) Principle biogeographical zones. soil profile. Practicals-2) THEORY Lectures: 60 Unit 1: Introduction (2 Lectures) Unit 2: Ecological factors (10 Lectures) Soil: Origin. Unit 4: Ecosystem (8 Lectures) Structure. energy flow trophic organisation. Processes and types. composition. categories and taxonomic groups Unit 10 Botanical nomenclature (6 Lectures) 20 . Adaptation of hydrophytes and xerophytes. Succession. Ecological pyramids production and productivity. (6 Lectures) Unit 9 Taxonomic hierarchy (2 Lectures) Ranks. Nomenclature. Biogeochemical cycling. Endemism Unit 6 Introduction to plant taxonomy (2 Lectures) Identification. formation. typification. Rastogi Publications. ranks and names. India. 3rd edition. Meerut.S. Ltd. and analysis of two soil samples for carbonates. Asteraceae -Sonchus/Launaea. nitrates. Withania. Alyssum / Iberis. 4th edition. Unit 11 Classification (6 Lectures) Types of classification-artificial.S. principle of priority and its limitations. Vernonia/Ageratum. (2010) Ecology and Environment. section of ovary. U. Suggested Readings 1.. Bentham and Hooker (upto series). organic matter and base deficiency by rapid field test. Determination of pH.S.D. Solanaceae -Solanum nigrum. P. 3. rain gauge and lux meter. (1996). Study of vegetative and floral characters of the following families (Description. 2. 4.J. (b)Study of biotic interactions of the following: Stem parasite (Cuscuta). Mounting of a properly dried and pressed specimen of any wild plant with herbarium label (to be submitted in the record book).G. M. Quantitative analysis of herbaceous vegetation in the college campus for frequency and comparison with Raunkiaer’s frequency distribution law 7. numerical taxonomy and cladistics (4 Lectures) Characters. OTUs. U. Oxford & IBH Pvt. rejection of names. cluster analysis.Principles and rules (ICN). maximum and minimum thermometer. valid publication. Epiphytes. Plant Systematics: Theory and Practice. CA. 3. sulphates.A. natural and phylogenetic. 4. Ocimum. Concepts of Ecology. (species to be listed) 6. Engler and Prantl (upto series). G. Simpson. Singh. psychrometer/hygrometer. Eclipta/Tridax. Practical 1. 2. Sharma. Root parasite (Orobanche). New Delhi. (2006). floral formula/e and systematic position according to Bentham & Hooker’s system of classification):Brassicaceae -Brassica. character weighting and coding. chlorides. cladograms (definitions and differences). 8. anemometer. Determination of minimal quadrat size for the study of herbaceous vegetation in the college campus by species area curve method. 8th edition. Lamiaceae -Salvia. binominal system. Prentice Hall. porosity and rate of infiltration of water in soil of three habitats. V.A. variations. Predation (Insectivorous plants) 5. E. Plant Systematics. 21 . Kormondy. Unit 12 Biometrics. phenograms. author citation. floral diagram/s. San Diego. flower. (2012). Comparison of bulk density. Study of instruments used to measure microclimatic variables: Soil thermometer. (a) Study of morphological adaptations of hydrophytes and xerophytes (four each). Liliaceae - Asphodelus / Lilium / Allium. Elsevier Academic Press. Core Course: Zoology II COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY OF VERTEBRATES (Credits: Theory-4.r. Analysis of Vertebrate Structure. (2005) Vertebrates’ Comparative Anatomy. (2000).P. B. glands and digital tips Unit 2: Skeletal System: Evolution of visceral arches Unit 3: Digestive System: Brief account of alimentary canal and digestive glands Unit 4: Respiratory System: Gills. Kent. Weichert C. Early development of frog and humans (structure of mature egg and its membranes. Evolution of urinogenital ducts Unit 7: Nervous System: Comparative account of brain Unit 8: Sense Organs: Types of receptors SUGGESTED READINGS Kardong. Elements of Chordate Anatomy. blocks to polyspermy.K. vitellogenesis in birds. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.K and William Presch (1970). IV Edition. and Sayles. patterns of 22 . internal (mammals). John Wiley and Sons. IX Edition. M and Gaslow G. air sacs and swim bladder Unit 5: Circulatory System: Evolution of heart and aortic arches Unit 6: Urinogenital System: Succession of kidney. Khosla Publishing House. Tata McGraw Hills Hilderbrand. G. Function and Evolution. COMPARATIVE ANATOMY Unit 1: Integumentary System: Derivatives of integument w. Fertilization: external (amphibians). Walter. H. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Unit 1: Early embryonic development Gametogenesis: Spermatogenesis and oogenesis wrt mammals.V.t. L. The McGraw-Hill Companies.E. and Carr R. K.E.C. Practicals-2) THEORY Lectures: 60 A. Biology of Vertebrates. Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates. lungs. Bruce M (1996). VIII Edition. tadpole- external and internal gill stages. Inc.frog/rat . Study of the different types of placentae.Frog . McGraw Hill. (2008).cleavage. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 1. gastrula. upto formation of gastrula). cell movements and cell death SUGGESTED READINGS ● Gilbert. 4. Neurulation in frog embryo.histological sections through permanent slides or photomicrographs. Differentiation. fate map. Disarticulated skeleton of fowl and rabbit b. Sunderland. tail bud stage.histological sections through permanent slides or photomicrographs. tadpole-external and internal gill stages.I. S.whole mounts and sections through permanent slides – cleavage stages. Study of the different types of placentae. F. An introduction to Embryology. intercellular communication. 5. blastula.types of morphogenetic movements. determination. 23 . ● Carlson. Inc. 2. ● Balinsky. Publishers.whole mounts and sections through permanent slides – cleavage stages. Developmental Biology. neurula. COMPARATIVE ANATOMY 1. B. blastula. Mammalian skulls: One herbivorous and one carnivorous animal. Carapace and plastron of turtle /tortoise c. Unit 3: Control of Development Fundamental processes in development (brief idea) – Gene activation. Study of placental development in humans by ultrasound scans. Patten’s Foundations of Embryology. Study of placental development in humans by ultrasound scans. morphogenesis. Massachusetts.sperm and ova through permanent slides or photomicrographs. Frog . USA.. 3. gastrula. 3. other types of placenta on the basis of histology. B. Osteology: a. (2006). 2. tail bud stage. PRACTICAL A. Unit 2: Late embryonic development Implantation of embryo in humans. Examination of gametes . Formation of human placenta and functions. neurula. Sinauer Associates. Metamorphic events in frog life cycle and its hormonal regulation.Study of developmental stages .Study of developmental stages . International Thomson Computer Press. induction. Fate of germ layers. Thermodynamic derivation of the law of chemical equilibrium. Calculation of bond energy. 4. Distinction between ΔG and ΔGo. integral and differential enthalpies of solution and dilution. Important principles and definitions of thermochemistry. Concept of standard state and standard enthalpies of formations. Buffer solutions. Le Chatelier’s principle. ionization constant and ionic product of water. factors affecting degree of ionization. Statement of Third Law of thermodynamics and calculation of absolute entropies of substances. degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts. (10 Lectures) Chemical Equilibrium: Free energy change in a chemical reaction. bond dissociation energy and resonance energy from thermochemical data. Solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts – applications of solubility product principle. moderate and weak electrolytes. Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant. Practicals-2) THEORY Lectures: 60 Section A: Physical Chemistry-1 (30 Lectures) Chemical Energetics Review of thermodynamics and the Laws of Thermodynamics. Core Course: Chemistry II CHEMICAL ENERGETICS. EQUILIBRIA & FUNCTIONAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I (Credits: Theory-4. (8 Lectures) Ionic Equilibria: Strong. pH scale. Examination of gametes . Variation of enthalpy of a reaction with temperature – Kirchhoff’s equation. Kc and Kx for reactions involving ideal gases. common ion effect. degree of ionization.frog/rat . Relationships between Kp. Ionization of weak acids and bases. (12 Lectures) Section B: Organic Chemistry-2 (30 Lectures) 24 .sperm and ova through permanent slides or photomicrographs. Reactions: (Case benzene): Electrophilic substitution: nitration. esterification. Reactivity and Relative strength of C-Halogen bond in alkyl. Oppeneauer oxidation Diols: (Upto 6 Carbons) oxidation of diols. conc. Phenols and Ethers (Upto 5 Carbons) Alcohols: Preparation: Preparation of 1о. SN2 and SNi) reactions. Friedel-Craft’s reaction (alkylation and acylation) (upto 4 carbons on benzene). allyl. Ethers (aliphatic and aromatic): Cleavage of ethers with HI. Preparation: from alkenes and alcohols. Williamson’s ether synthesis: Elimination vs substitution. HX (Lucas test). 2о and 3о alcohols: using Grignard reagent. from diazonium salts. (8 Lectures) Alkyl and Aryl Halides Alkyl Halides (Upto 5 Carbons) Types of Nucleophilic Substitution (SN1. Reactions (Chlorobenzene): Aromatic nucleophilic substitution (replacement by –OH group) and effect of nitro substituent. Reactions: Electrophilic substitution: Nitration. by decarboxylation. acidic dichromate. from benzene sulphonic acid. bromo and iodo-benzene case): from phenol. halogenation and sulphonation. 25 . (8 Lectures) Alcohols. from acetylene.Functional group approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to be studied in context to their structure. Houben–Hoesch Condensation. vinyl and aryl halides. Schotten – Baumann Reaction. Side chain oxidation of alkyl benzenes (upto 4 carbons on benzene). Sandmeyer & Gattermann reactions. Aromatic hydrocarbons Preparation (Case benzene): from phenol. Gattermann-Koch Reaction. Reduction of aldehydes. carboxylic acid and esters. Reactions: With sodium. ketones. nitrite & nitro formation. alk. Phenols: (Phenol case) Preparation: Cumene hydroperoxide method. benzyl. nitrile & isonitrile formation. Ester hydrolysis. Reimer- Tiemann Reaction. HNO3). KMnO4. oxidation (with PCC. Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement. Reactions: hydrolysis. Benzyne Mechanism: KNH2/NH3 (or NaNH2/NH3). halogenation and sulphonation. Aryl Halides Preparation: (Chloro. W. Determination of enthalpy of hydration of copper sulphate. 4. Benzoin condensation. Treichel & J. Finar: Organic Chemistry (Vol. Macmillan Publishing Co. Narosa (1998). T. G. Clemensen reduction and Wolff Kishner reduction. P. I. Barrow: Physical Chemistry Tata McGraw Hill (2007). Determination of integral enthalpy of solution of salts (KNO3. Boyd: Organic Chemistry. I & II). Determination of enthalpy of neutralization of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide. Narosa (2004). W. Determination of heat capacity of calorimeter for different volumes. 5. H. Orient Longman. Reactions – Reaction with HCN. Kotz. Ltd. Castellan: Physical Chemistry 4th Edn. Ionic equilibria pH measurements a) Measurement of pH of different solutions like aerated drinks. NH2-G derivatives. B. EQUILIBRIA & FUNCTIONAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 60 Lectures Section A: Physical Chemistry Thermochemistry 1. S. Petrucci: General Chemistry 5th Ed. Aldol Condensation. B. S. Prentice Hall.L. b) Preparation of buffer solutions: (i) Sodium acetate-acetic acid (ii) Ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide 26 . fruit juices.Aldehydes and ketones (aliphatic and aromatic): (Formaldehye. R. Peter Sykes: A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry. Mahan: University Chemistry 3rd Ed. 3. Morrison & R. E. shampoos and soaps (use dilute solutions of soaps and shampoos to prevent damage to the glass electrode) using pH-meter. (14 Lectures) Reference Books: T. Iodoform test. Meerwein-Pondorff Verley reduction. acetone and benzaldehyde) Preparation: from acid chlorides and from nitriles. Chand. G. Wittig reaction. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CHEMISTRY LAB: CHEMICAL ENERGETICS. Cannizzaro’s reaction. J. New Delhi (2009). R. R. L. Study of the solubility of benzoic acid in water and determination of ΔH. Arun Bahl and B. C.. H. NaHSO3. N. M. Townsend: General Chemistry Cengage Lening India Pvt. S. 2. Determination of enthalpy of ionization of acetic acid. NH4Cl). 6.: New York (1985). Bahl: Advanced Organic Chemistry. John Wiley and Sons. acetaldehyde. ROH. M. Graham Solomons: Organic Chemistry. G. Khosla. (a) Bromination of Phenol/Aniline (b) Benzoylation of amines/phenols (c) Oxime and 2. F. R. Chand & Co. 3. Preparations: Mechanism of various reactions involved to be discussed. Criteria of Purity: Determination of melting and boiling points. Vogel: Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry. C.4 dinitrophenylhydrazone of aldehyde/ketone Reference Books A. Prentice-Hall. 27 . Senior Practical Physical Chemistry. determination of melting point and calculation of quantitative yields to be done.Measurement of the pH of buffer solutions and comparison of the values with theoretical values.I. Section B: Organic Chemistry 1. Purification of organic compounds by crystallization (from water and alcohol) and distillation. B. Orient Longman (1960). 2. Practical Organic Chemistry. 5th edition. Recrystallisation. Mann & B.D. Saunders. Dicot and monocot embryo. Seed-structure appendages and dispersal mechanisms. Unit 7: Embryo and endosperm (8 Lectures) Endosperm types. Structure and types of ovules. Unit 4: Adaptive and protective systems (8 Lectures) Epidermis. General account of adaptations in xerophytes and hydrophytes. Embryo- endosperm relationship. Unit 2: Organs (4 Lectures) Structure of dicot and monocot root stem and leaf. seasonal activity. Study of meristems through permanent slides and photographs. organization and ultrastructure of mature embryo sac. Simple and complex tissues. Double fertilization.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Semester III ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Core Course Botany -III Plant Anatomy and Embryology (Credits: Theory-4. Practical 1. Unit 3: Secondary Growth (8 Lectures) Vascular cambium – structure and function. Practicals-2) THEORY Lectures: 60 Unit 1: Meristematic and permanent tissues (8 Lectures) Root and shoot apical meristems. Unit 8: Apomixis and polyembryony (8 Lectures) Definition. Secondary growth in root and stem. Unit 5: Structural organization of flower (8 Lectures) Structure of anther and pollen. cuticle. types and practical applications. Types of embryo sacs. structure and functions. Unit 6: Pollination and fertilization (8 Lectures) Pollination mechanisms and adaptations. Wood (heartwood and sapwood). stomata. 28 . 2. Dicot: Helianthus. 11. Dicot: Helianthus. (1988). Suggested Readings 1. 4. 5. aril. S. The Benjamin/Cummings Publisher. Root: Monocot: Zea mays.D. Phloem (Permanent slides. 29 . Plant Anatomy. 8. New Delhi. (2011). Ultrastructure of mature egg apparatus cells through electron micrographs.S. Stem: Monocot: Zea mays. photographs) 3. collenchyma and sclerenchyma). Macerated xylary elements. 10. Pollination types and seed dispersal mechanisms (including appendages. J. amphitropous/ campylotropous. Ltd. Secondary: Helianthus (only Permanent slides). Calculation of percentage of germinated pollen in a given medium. Types of ovules: anatropous. Hydrophyte (Hydrilla stem). Bhojwani. 2. 9. Mauseth. circinotropous. S. Tissues (parenchyma. Embryology of Angiosperms. 6. & Bhatnagar. tapetum (amoeboid and secretory) (Permanent slides). Leaf: Dicot and Monocot leaf (only Permanent slides). Female gametophyte: Polygonum (monosporic) type of Embryo sac Development (Permanent slides/photographs). caruncle) (Photographs and specimens).P. USA. orthotropous. 13. 5th edition. 12. Dissection of embryo/endosperm from developing seeds. 7. Secondary: Helianthus (only Permanent slides). Structure of anther (young and mature). Vikas Publication House Pvt. Adaptive anatomy: Xerophyte (Nerium leaf). Core Course: Zoology III Physiology and Biochemistry (Credits: Theory-4, Practicals-2) THEORY Lectures: 60 A. PHYSIOLOGY Unit 1. Nerve and muscle Structure of a neuron, Resting membrane potential, Graded potential, Origin of Action potential and its propagation in myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibres, Ultrastructure of skeletal muscle, Molecular and chemical basis of muscle contraction Unit 2. Digestion Digestion in different segments of the alimentary canal; Absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids Unit 3. Respiration Pulmonary ventilation, Respiratory volumes and capacities, Transport of Oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood Unit 4. Excretion Structure of nephron, mechanism of Urine formation Unit 5. Cardiovascular system Blood: Composition, Hemostasis, Heart structure, Origin and conduction of the cardiac impulse, cardiac cycle Unit 6. Reproduction and Endocrine Glands Physiology of male reproduction: hormonal control of spermatogenesis; Physiology of female reproduction: hormonal control of menstrual cycle; Structure and function of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas and adrenal SUGGESTED READINGS ● Tortora, G.J.& Derrickson, B.H. (2009). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 12th edn., John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ● Widmaier, E.P., Raff, H. & Strang, K.T. (2008) Vander’s Human Physiology, 11th edn., McGraw Hill ● Guyton, A.C. & Hall, J.E. (2011) Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12th edn., Harcourt Asia Pvt. Ltd/ W.B. Saunders Company B. BIOCHEMISTRY Unit 7. Carbohydrate Metabolism Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Pentose phosphate pathway, Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen metabolism, Review of electron transport chain 30 Unit 8. Lipid Metabolism Biosynthesis and β oxidation of palmitic acid Unit 9. Protein metabolism Transamination, Deamination and Urea Cycle Unit 10 Enzymes Introduction, Mechanism of action, Kinetics, Inhibition and Regulation SUGGESTED READINGS ● Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L. and Stryer, L. (2006). Biochemistry. VI Edition. W.H Freeman and Co. ● Nelson, D. L., Cox, M. M. and Lehninger, A.L. (2009) . Principles of Biochemistry. IV Edition. W.H Freeman and Co. ● Murray, R. K., Granner, D. K., Mayes, P. A. and Rodwell, V. W. (2009). Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry. XXVIII Edition. Lange Medical Books/Mc Graw3Hill. PRACTICALS A. PHYSIOLOGY 1. Preparation of hemin and hemochromogen crystals 2. Examination of permanent histological sections of mammalian pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal, 3. Examination of permanent slides of spinal cord, duodenum, liver, lung, kidney, bone, cartilage B. BIOCHEMISTRY 1. Identification of unknown carbohydrates in given solutions (Starch, Sucrose, Lactose, Galactose, Glucose, Fructose) 2. Colour reactions to identify functional group in the given solution of proteins 3. Study of activity of salivary amylase under optimum conditions 31 Core Course: Chemistry III SOLUTIONS, PHASE EQUILIBRIUM, CONDUCTANCE, ELECTROCHEMISTRY & FUNCTIONAL GROUP ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II (Credits: Theory-4, Practicals-2) THEORY Lectures: 60 Section A: Physical Chemistry-2 (30 Lectures) Solutions Thermodynamics of ideal solutions: Ideal solutions and Raoult’s law, deviations from Raoult’s law – non-ideal solutions. Vapour pressure-composition and temperature- composition curves of ideal and non-ideal solutions. Distillation of solutions. Lever rule. Azeotropes. Partial miscibility of liquids: Critical solution temperature; effect of impurity on partial miscibility of liquids. Immiscibility of liquids- Principle of steam distillation. Nernst distribution law and its applications, solvent extraction. Phase Equilibrium Phases, components and degrees of freedom of a system, criteria of phase equilibrium. Gibbs Phase Rule and its thermodynamic derivation. Derivation of Clausius – Clapeyron equation and its importance in phase equilibria. Phase diagrams of one-component systems (water and sulphur) and two component systems involving eutectics, congruent and incongruent melting points (lead-silver, FeCl3-H2O and Na-K only). Conductance Conductivity, equivalent and molar conductivity and their variation with dilution for weak and strong electrolytes. Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Transference number and its experimental determination using Hittorf and Moving boundary methods. Ionic mobility. Applications of conductance measurements: determination of degree of ionization of weak electrolyte, solubility and solubility products of sparingly soluble salts, ionic product of water, hydrolysis constant of a salt. Conductometric titrations (only acid-base). Electrochemistry Reversible and irreversible cells. Concept of EMF of a cell. Measurement of EMF of a cell. Nernst equation and its importance. Types of electrodes. Standard electrode potential. Electrochemical series. Thermodynamics of a reversible cell, calculation of thermodynamic properties: ΔG, ΔH and ΔS from EMF data. 32 Gabriel’s Phthalimide synthesis. pH determination using hydrogen electrode and quinhydrone electrode. Reactions: Hell – Vohlard . Esters and Amides from acids and their interconversion. Perkin condensation. Hinsberg test. Carboxylic acid derivatives (aliphatic): (Upto 5 carbons) Preparation: Acid chlorides. with HNO2. Diazonium salts: Preparation: from aromatic amines. Potentiometric titrations -qualitative treatment (acid-base and oxidation-reduction only).Zelinsky Reaction. Anhydrides. sulphonation. Section B: Organic Chemistry-3 (30 Lectures) Functional group approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to be studied in context to their structure. Hofmann Bromamide reaction. Saytzeff elimination. Reactions: Hofmann vs. Concentration cells with transference and without transference. phenol. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives Carboxylic acids (aliphatic and aromatic) Preparation: Acidic and Alkaline hydrolysis of esters. Electrophilic substitution (case aniline): nitration. Reformatsky Reaction. Reactions: Comparative study of nucleophilicity of acyl derivatives. Schotten – Baumann Reaction. Liquid junction potential and salt bridge. Reactions: conversion to benzene. dyes. (6 Lectures) 33 . Carbylamine test.Calculation of equilibrium constant from EMF data. bromination. (6 Lectures) Amines and Diazonium Salts Amines (Aliphatic and Aromatic): (Upto 5 carbons) Preparation: from alkyl halides. T. Mutarotation. Townsend. Determination of configuration of monosaccharides. W. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1). cellobiose. acetylation of –NH2 group. (10 Lectures) Carbohydrates: Classification. & Boyd. Kotz. lactose) and polysacharrides (starch and cellulose) excluding their structure elucidation. Ltd. Finar. Synthesis of simple peptides (upto dipeptides) by N-protection (t-butyloxycarbonyl and phthaloyl) & C- activating groups and Merrifield solid-phase synthesis. J. & Cox..: New Delhi (2009).Amino Acids. Structure of disacharrides (sucrose. I. M. Ltd.. R. Cengage Learning India Pvt. D. Ltd.. L. N. W. Tymoczko. Freeman. Organic Chemistry (Volume 2). Isoelectric point and Electrophoresis. absolute configuration of Glucose and Fructose. Petrucci. Narosa (1998). Freeman ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34 . J. (Pearson Education). Ltd. M. Macmillan Publishing Co. 5th Edn. (8 Lectures) Reference Books: G. Treichel. G. J. Overview of Primary. Barrow: Physical Chemistry Tata McGraw Hill (2007). Biochemistry 7th Ed. I. H. ninhydrin test. Berg. General Chemistry. H. W. Glucose and Fructose (open chain and cyclic structure). complexation with Cu2+ ions. Morrison. Tertiary and Quaternary Structure of proteins.. 3rd Edn. Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Narosa (2004). Zwitterion. Finar. M. Secondary. ascending and descending in monosaccharides. Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry 7th Ed. R. R. L. L. Reactions of Amino acids: ester of –COOH group. Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. P. M. L. & Stryer. General Chemistry. and General Properties. M. Nelson. maltose. H. Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Determination of Primary structure of Peptides by degradation Edmann degradation (N- terminal) and C–terminal (thiohydantoin and with carboxypeptidase enzyme). J. Peptides and Proteins: Preparation of Amino Acids: Strecker synthesis using Gabriel’s phthalimide synthesis. Mahan: University Chemistry. Castellan: Physical Chemistry 4th Ed. H. B. (Pearson Education).: New York (1985). R. Organic Chemistry. (Pearson Education). C. Potassium dichromate vs. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography 2. II 1. nitro. amines) and preparation of one derivative. strong base ii. ketonic. Weak acid vs. Action of salivary amylase on starch 35 . strong base iii. ELECTROCHEMISTRY & BIOMOLECULES 60 Lectures Section A: Physical Chemistry Distribution Study of the equilibrium of one of the following reactions by the distribution method: I2(aq) + I-(aq) I3-(aq) Cu2+(aq) + xNH2(aq) [Cu(NH3)x]2+ Phase equilibria a) Construction of the phase diagram of a binary system (simple eutectic) using cooling curves. CONDUCTANCE. strong base ii.Determination of equivalent conductance. amide. III. PHASE EQUILIBRIUM.CHEMISTRY LAB: SOLUTIONS. phenolic. strong base Potentiometry Perform the following potentiometric titrations: i. Strong acid vs.Determination of cell constant II. Conductance I. 3. Mohr's salt Section B: Organic Chemistry I Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis of Organic Compounds possessing monofunctional groups (-COOH. degree of dissociation and dissociation constant of a weak acid. Determination of the concentration of glycine solution by formylation method. c) Study of the variation of mutual solubility temperature with concentration for the phenol water system and determination of the critical solubility temperature. b) Determination of the critical solution temperature and composition of the phenol water system and study of the effect of impurities on it. Titration curve of glycine 4. Strong acid vs. Weak acid vs. Perform the following conductometric titrations: i. aldehydic. macro and micronutrients. Transpiration and its significance. Prentice Hall. Photosystem I and II. Factors affecting transpiration. Unit 5: Respiration (6 Lectures) 36 . Pressure flow model. Vogel: Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry. girdling experiment. 5th Edn. G. Chand & Co. Role of essential elements. C. Effect of temperature on the action of salivary amylase on starch. carriers. Unit 3: Translocation in phloem (6 Lectures) Composition of phloem sap. Root pressure and guttation. Universities Press. Orient Longman. B. 6. Electron transport and mechanism of ATP synthesis.K. 5. channels and pumps. Transport of ions across cell membrane. Unit 4: Photosynthesis (12 Lectures) Photosynthetic Pigments (Chl a.I. R. Phloem loading and unloading. Ahluwalia. Unit 2: Mineral nutrition (8 Lectures) Essential elements.D. reaction center. Reference Books: A. carotene). ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Semester IV ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Core Course Botany -IV Plant Physiology and Metabolism (Credits: Theory-4. antenna molecules. active and passive transport. C3. & Aggarwal. Criteria of essentiality of elements. V. Saunders: Practical Organic Chemistry. Mann & B. xanthophylls. R. 1960. F. C4 and CAM pathways of carbon fixation. water potential and its components. Photorespiration. Differentiation between a reducing/nonreducing sugar. Practicals-2) THEORY Lectures: 60 Unit 1: Plant-water relations (8 Lectures) Importance of water. Khosla: Senior Practical Physical Chemistry. b. Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry. Day neutral plants). Determination of osmotic potential of plant cell sap by plasmolytic method. To study the effect of two environmental factors (light and wind) on transpiration by excised twig. Demonstration of Hill reaction. To study the effect of light intensity and bicarbonate concentration on O2 evolution in photosynthesis. TCA cycle. Unit 6: Enzymes (4 Lectures) Structure and properties. Demonstrate the activity of catalase and study the effect of pH and enzyme concentration. Oxidative phosphorylation. Nitrate and ammonia assimilation. 6. gibberellins. 7. 3. Phytochrome (discovery and structure). Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway. Unit 7: Nitrogen metabolism (4 Lectures) Biological nitrogen fixation. Glyoxylate. Unit 8: Plant growth regulators (6 Lectures) Discovery and physiological roles of auxins. Unit 9: Plant response to light and temperature (6 Lectures) Photoperiodism (SDP. ABA. 8. cytokinins.Glycolysis. Suction due to transpiration. 3. 5. Respiration in roots. Mechanism of enzyme catalysis and enzyme inhibition. Demonstration experiments (any four) 1. LDP. anaerobic respiration. Suggested Readings 37 . R. 2. ethylene. Effect of auxins on rooting. 4. Calculation of stomatal index and stomatal frequency of a mesophyte and a xerophyte. Vernalization. Comparison of the rate of respiration in any two parts of a plant. Practical 1.Q. 4. 2. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography. Bolting. 5. red and far red light responses on photomorphogenesis. (1999). Back versus Suppressor mutations.A.Sex Determination Chromosomal mechanisms. Epistasis. Recombination frequency as a measure of linkage intensity. Interference and coincidence. GENETICS Unit 1.Introduction to Genetics Mendel’s work on transmission of traits.Quantitative Genetics Quantitative and multifactor inheritance.S. Molecular basis of Genetic Information. U.Linkage. Lethal alleles. L. Unit 3. (2010). 4th Edition. Core Course: Zoology IV Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (Credits: Theory-4. dosage compensation Unit 6.. Cytological basis of crossing over. Huner. Unit 2. E. U..Mendelian Genetics and its Extension Principles of Inheritance. Somatic cell genetics – an alternative approach to gene mapping. Duplication. Aneuploidy and Polyploidy. Incomplete dominance and codominance. Genetic Variation. Pleiotropy. 5th Edition. Taiz. D. Plant Physiology. Molecular mechanism of crossing over.. Introduction to Plant Physiology. John Wiley & Sons. sex linked inheritance. Multiple alleles. Gene mutations: Induced versus Spontaneous mutations. Inversion.A.G. 3. Mutations Chromosomal Mutations: Deletion. Experiments in Plant Physiology.. 1.S. Transgressive variations. Chromosome theory of inheritance. Zeiger. Sinauer Associates Inc. New Delhi. two factor and three factor crosses.A Laboratory Manual. N. Translocation.. W. Unit 4. (2009). 2. Narosa Publishing House. Pedigree analysis..P. Environmental effects on phenotypic expression. Hopkins. Crossing Over and Chromosomal Mapping Linkage and crossing over. Practicals-2) THEORY Lectures: 60 A. Molecular basis of Mutations Unit 5. Bajracharya. extrachromosomal inheritance involving mitochondria and chloroplast. Heterosis SUGGESTED READINGS 38 . . G. Snustad. P.S. IX Edition. Modes of speciation (Allopatric.. M.. Benjamin Cummings.. H.. Snustad. M.. Names of five major extinctions. D.R. A.A. J. D. Briggs. John Wiley and Sons Inc. N. B.R. Freeman and Co. R. A.J. Blackwell Publishing ● Barton. J.J. E. Genetics. (2008).P. (2012). Evolution.. Principles of Genetics.. W. VIII Edition. Eisen. and Patel. W. Klug. Artificial selection Unit 5: Species Concept Biological species concept (Advantages and Limitations). Russell. Benjamin Cummings. (2009). B. M. Simmons. X Edition. Sympatric) Unit 6: Evolution above species level Macro-evolutionary Principles (example: Darwin’s Finches) Unit 7: Extinction Mass extinction (Causes. (2007). Introduction to Genetic Analysis. (2009). Cummings. Harbour Laboratory Press. S. Role of extinction in evolution SUGGESTED READINGS ● Ridley. Lewontin. S. H. Evolution. N. M.B. Gardner.J. Wessler. Principles of Genetics. Natural selection (Example: Industrial melanism). Phylogeny of horse Unit 4: Processes of Evolutionary Change Organic variations. Darwinism.. Simmons. C. Isolating Mechanisms.A Molecular Approach. Disruptive). Goldstein.P. III Edition. 39 . V Edition. D. Stabilizing. and Carroll. K-T extinction in detail). Incompleteness of fossil record. H. E.C. Dating of fossils. Wiley India.F. Types of natural selection (Directional. D.. Cold Spring. III Edition. Concepts of Genetics.J. Neo-Darwinism Unit 3: Direct Evidences of Evolution Types of fossils. (2004). EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY Unit 1: History of Life Major Events in History of Life Unit 2: Introduction to Evolutionary Theories Lamarckism. Spencer. Griffiths. Benjamin. Pearson. Zn): electrolytic. PRACTICAL A. Pb. Cummings. ● Douglas. Cu. GENETICS 1. Charts: a. Biology. EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 1. Study of Mendelian Inheritance and gene interactions (Non Mendelian Inheritance) using suitable examples. Sinauer Associates.AND P-BLOCK ELEMENTS. Practicals-2) THEORY Lectures: 60 General Principles of Metallurgy Chief modes of occurrence of metals based on standard electrode potentials. Verify the results using Chi-square test. (2008). Hydrometallurgy. B. Study of Linkage. (1983). Visit to Natural History Museum. IV Edition. ● Minkoff. (4 Lectures) s. IX Edition. STATES OF MATTER & CHEMICAL KINETICS (Credits: Theory-4. Methods of purification of metals (Al. Futuyma (1997). Fe. Study of Human Karyotypes (normal and abnormal). Study of fossil evidences from plaster cast models and pictures 2. Jones and Bartlett Publishers ● Campbell. N. Parting process. 3. Evolution. and Reece J. B. J. Ti. B. Ellingham diagrams for reduction of metal oxides using carbon as reducing agent. (2011). van Arkel-de Boer process and Mond’s process. Evolutionary Biology. Evolutionary Biology. Kroll process. and Hallgrimsson. Darwin’s Finches with diagrams/ cut outs of beaks of different species 4. submission of report Core Course: Chemistry IV CHEMISTRY OF S. recombination. B. oxidative refining. Addison-Wesley. K. A.and p-Block Elements 40 . Phylogeny of horse with diagrams/ cut outs of limbs and teeth of horse ancestors b. gene mapping using the data. ● Hall. 2. Ni. E. Study of homology and analogy from suitable specimens/ pictures 3. Oxidation states with reference to elements in unusual and rare oxidation states like carbides and nitrides). NH2OH) Oxoacids of P. acidic/basic nature of the following compounds and their applications in industrial. collision frequency. diagonal relationship and anomalous behaviour of first member of each group.Periodicity in s. organic and environmental chemistry. Mulliken. structure and properties with respect to stability of hydrides of p.and p-Block Elements Hydrides and their classification (ionic. Viscosity of gases and effect of temperature and pressure on coefficient of viscosity (qualitative treatment only). Collision cross section. Halides and oxohalides: PCl3. electronegativity (Pauling. average and root mean square velocities (no derivation). N2H4. and Alfred-Rochow scales). collision number. collision diameter and mean free path of molecules. S. bonding and their important properties like oxidation/reduction. Concept of multicentre bonding (diborane). N3H. causes of deviation. Deviation of real gases from ideal behaviour. Critical phenomena. 41 . compressibility factor.block elements. Boyle temperature (derivation not required). van der Waals equation of state for real gases. S and Cl. atomic and ionic size. Most probable. PCl5. SOCl2 and SO2Cl2 (26 Lectures) Section B: Physical Chemistry-3 (30 Lectures) Kinetic Theory of Gases Postulates of Kinetic Theory of Gases and derivation of the kinetic gas equation. Structure. Maxwell Boltzmann distribution laws of molecular velocities and molecular energies (graphic representation – derivation not required) and their importance. Temperature dependence of these distributions. Compounds of s. critical constants and their calculation from van der Waals equation. Allotropy in C. Andrews isotherms of CO2. inert pair effect.and p-block elements with respect to electronic configuration. Hydrides of nitrogen (NH3. covalent and interstitial). and P. ionization enthalpy. : New York (1985). W. Townsend: General Chemistry Cengage Lening India Pvt.S. John Wiley. Oxford University Press.Liquids Surface tension and its determination using stalagmometer. M.. Barrow: Physical Chemistry Tata McGraw Hill (2007). Cotton & G. Order and molecularity of a reaction. Gary Wulfsberg: Inorganic Chemistry. Treichel & J.B. Shriver and P. F. Macmillan Publishing Co. Derivation of integrated rate equations for zero. unit cells. C. Laws of Crystallography . first and second order reactions (both for equal and unequal concentrations of reactants). ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CHEMISTRY LAB: CHEMISTRY OF S. H.AND P-BLOCK ELEMENTS. Narosa (1998). Ltd. Atkins: Inorganic Chemistry. catalyst and other factors on reaction rates. W. Defects in crystals. H. Castellan: Physical Chemistry 4th Edn. Bravais lattice types and identification of lattice planes. Reference Books: G. J. Theories of Reaction Rates: Collision theory and Activated Complex theory of bimolecular reactions. Half–life of a reaction. P.A. Wilkinson: Basic Inorganic Chemistry. B. pressure.not more than four ionic species (two anions and two cations and excluding insoluble salts) out of the following: 42 . X–Ray diffraction by crystals. Narosa (2004). Kotz. M. Law of rational indices. Petrucci: General Chemistry 5th Ed. Lee: A New Concise Inorganic Chemistry. Miller indices. Glasses and liquid crystals. Bragg’s law. New Delhi (2009). STATES OF MATTER & CHEMICAL KINETICS 60 Lectures Section A: Inorganic Chemistry Semi-micro qualitative analysis using H2S of mixtures. Ltd. Structures of NaCl. R. D. Comparison of the two theories (qualitative treatment only). D. Concept of activation energy and its calculation from Arrhenius equation.L. F. E. Effect of temperature on surface tension and coefficient of viscosity of a liquid (qualitative treatment only) Solids Forms of solids. R. Viscosity of a liquid and determination of coefficient of viscosity using Ostwald viscometer. Effect of temperature. Chemical Kinetics The concept of reaction rates. General methods for determination of order of a reaction. G. J.Law of constancy of interfacial angles. crystal systems. Viva Books Pvt. Mahan: University Chemistry 3rd Ed. Symmetry elements. KCl and CsCl (qualitative treatment only). b) Study of the variation of viscosity of an aqueous solution with concentration of solute. Al3+. Vogel. Cr3+. Integrated rate method: a. a) Determination of the relative and absolute viscosity of a liquid or dilute solution using an Ostwald’s viscometer. c. Br–.I. 6th Edn. Saponification of ethyl acetate.SO42-. Acid hydrolysis of methyl acetate with hydrochloric acid. C2O42-. K+ Anions : CO32– . Ba2+. 43 . Sr2+. Chand & Co. S2O32–. Compare the strengths of HCl and H2SO4 by studying kinetics of hydrolysis of methyl acetate Reference Books: A.I. Qualitative Inorganic Analysis. Sn2+. Zn2+. NO3–. Bi3+. Fe3+. (III) Chemical Kinetics Study the kinetics of the following reactions. (II) Viscosity measurement (use of organic solvents excluded). Mn2+. 1.D. PO43-. Co2+. a) Determination of the surface tension of a liquid or a dilute solution using a stalagmometer. Cl–. CH3COO–. Pb2+.Cations : NH4+. SO2–. Prentice Hall. Vogel. Khosla. NO3–. b. B. Initial rate method: Iodide-persulphate reaction 2. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. Cu2+. Ag+. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry. Prentice Hall. Cd2+. Ca2+. 7th Edn. S2–. R. I–. A. BO33-. b) Study of the variation of surface tension of a detergent solution with concentration. Ni2+. F- (Spot tests should be carried out wherever feasible) Section B: Physical Chemistry (I) Surface tension measurement (use of organic solvents excluded). Discipline Centric Elective Courses Two (2) be selected from each of the three disciplines 44 . Chloroplast Structure. composition. Golgi body & Lysosomes: Structures and roles. Cell size and shape. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Light Microscopy. Sample Preparation for electron microscopy. Semiautonomous nature.structure of nuclear pore complex. Discipline Centric Elective Botany Cell and Molecular Biology (Credits: Theory-4. semiautonomous nature. Peroxisomes and Glyoxisomes: Structures. Symbiont hypothesis. mitochondrial DNA. Practicals-2) THEORY Lectures: 60 Unit 1: Techniques in Biology (8 Lectures) Principles of microscopy. chromatin. X-ray diffraction analysis. composition.Scanning EM and Scanning Transmission EM (STEM). composition. Fluorescence microscopy. Phase contrast microscopy. Eukaryotic Cell components. Confocal microscopy. chloroplast DNA. Electron microscopy (EM). Nucleus: Nuclear Envelope. Unit 3: Cell Organelles (20 Lectures) Mitochondria: Structure. Unit 2: Cell as a unit of Life (2 Lectures) The Cell Theory. molecular 45 . ER. functions in animals and plants and biogenesis. marker enzymes. marker enzymes. Proteins synthesized within mitochondria. Sample Preparation for light microscopy. To prepare temporary stained preparation of mitochondria from striated muscle cells 46 . Unit 8: Regulation of gene expression (6 Lectures) Prokaryotes:Lac operon and Tryptophan operon . DNA structure.organization. Translation (Prokaryotes and eukaryotes). rRNA). Unit 5: Cell Cycle (6 Lectures) Overview of Cell cycle. nucleolus and ribosome structure (brief). and in Eukaryotes. genetic code. semi discontinuous RNA priming. 2. To study the structure of animal cells by temporary mounts-squamous epithelial cell and nerve cell. ds- DNA.various types. Preparation of temporary mounts of striated muscle fiber 6. RNA polymerase. Mitosis and Meiosis. Models of membrane structure. Selective permeability of the membranes. Faces of the membranes. Study of the photomicrographs of cell organelles 3. Ǿ (theta) mode of replication. Unit 6: Genetic material (6 Lectures) DNA: Miescher to Watson and Crick. 5. To study the structure of plant cell through temporary mounts. Practical 1. types of DNA. semi–conservative. Molecular controls. Unit 4: Cell Membrane and Cell Wall (6 Lectures) The functions of membranes. replicating the 5 ́end of linear chromosome including replication enzymes. Carbohydrates in the membrane. To study prokaryotic cells (bacteria). 4. eukaryotic cells with the help of light and electron micrographs. The fluidity of membranes. Hershey-Chase bacteriophage experiment. tRNA. Unit 7: Transcription (Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes) (6 Lectures) Types of structures of RNA (mRNA. types of genetic material. DNA packaging in eukaryotes. DNA replication (Prokaryotes and eukaryotes): bidirectional replication. viruses. replication of linear. euchromatin and heterochromatin. Cell wall.historic perspective. Membrane proteins and their functions. Griffith’s and Avery’s transformation experiments. Study the structure of nuclear pore complex by photograph (from Gerald Karp)Study of special chromosomes (polytene & lampbrush) either by slides or photographs. 7th edition. 11. 2009. Study of plasmolysis and deplasmolysis on Rhoeo leaf. Suggested Readings 1. Study of mitosis and meiosis (temporary mounts and permanent slides). Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing. 2. Preparation of the karyotype and ideogram from given photograph of somatic metaphase chromosome.J.F. Study DNA packaging by micrographs. John Wiley & Sons. and Bertoni. Washington.M. 8th edition. and Hausman. W. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.. 6th Edition. 4. De Robertis. 7. 13. G. The Cell: A Molecular Approach.P. G.D. ASM Press & Sunderland. Cell and Molecular Biology. Hardin.. 5th edition. R./cheek epithelial cells using vital stain Janus green. San Francisco. organic solvent on semi permeable membrane. 12. E. Cooper.M. 2006. Becker. Study the effect of temperature. 3. D. 2010. Demonstration of dialysis of starch and simple sugar.M. 14. J. L.E. Inc. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. P. 9. 2009. E. Philadelphia. and De Robertis. Karp. 8. G.C. MA.. The World of the Cell. Measure the cell size (either length or breadth/diameter) by micrometry. Sinauer Associates. 10. 47 . Kleinsmith. haploid production through androgenesis and gynogenesis.e. part used. Southern and Western Blotting. Molecular diagnosis of human disease. family. DNA Fingerprinting. SNPs. Human gene Therapy. morphology. Practicals-2) THEORY Lectures: 60 Unit 1: Origin of Cultivated Plants (4 Lectures) Concept of centres of origin. processing. morphology and uses) Unit 5: Beverages (4 Lectures) Tea (morphology. their importance with reference to Vavilov’s work Unit 2: Cereals (4 Lectures) Wheat -Origin. part used. Molecular DNA markers i. 48 . family. uses) Unit 6: Oils and Fats (4 Lectures) General description with special reference to groundnut Unit 7: Fibre Yielding Plants (4 Lectures) General description with special reference to Cotton (Botanical name. DNA sequencing. RFLP. brief account of embryo & endosperm culture with their applications Unit 10: Recombinant DNA Techniques (18 Lectures) Blotting techniques: Northern. ELISA and Immunodetection. PCR and Reverse Transcriptase-PCR. morphology and uses) Unit 8: Introduction to biotechnology (2 lecture) Unit 9: Plant tissue culture (8 Lectures) Micropropagation . uses Unit 3: Legumes (6 Lectures) General account with special reference to Gram and soybean Unit 4: Spices (6 Lectures) General account with special reference to clove and black pepper (Botanical name. RAPD. Hybridoma and monoclonal antibodies. Discipline Specific Elective Botany Economic Botany and Biotechnology (Credits: Theory-4. Washington. 3. micropropagation. Gram. sections and microchemical tests 2. AGE and PAGE. 2. Familiarization with basic equipments in tissue culture. Elsevier Science Amsterdam. Study of economically important plants : Wheat.S. The Netherlands.K.R. MacMillan Publishers India Ltd. Blotting techniques. (2011). Molecular Biotechnology. Practical 1.L. Study of molecular techniques: PCR. Black pepper. New Delhi. Kochhar. Glick. and Razdan. Economic Botany in the Tropics. Groundnut through specimens. Plant Tissue Culture: Theory and Practice. (2003). J.Principles and Applications of recombinant DNA. S. ASM Press.J. endosperm and embryo culture. Cotton. B. (1996). S. 49 . Suggested Readings 1... somatic embryogenesis. 3. 4th edition. Study through photographs: Anther culture. Pasternak. Bhojwani. M.. Soybean. 4. Clove Tea. Important achievements and undesirable consequences of plant breeding. Crossing over: concept and significance. recombination frequency. Acclimatization. Terminologies 3. incomplete dominance. Structural chromosomal changes: Deletions. leaf variegation in Mirabilis jalapa. bridges experiment. Multiple allelism 9. cytological proof of crossing over. Modified Mandelian Ratios: 2:1. Practical-2) THEORY Lectures: 60 Unit 1: Heredity (20 Lectures) 1. 13:3. 12:3:1. 9:4:3. Breeding systems: modes of reproduction in crop plants. Chi Square 6. Discipline Centric Elective Botany Genetics and Plant Breeding (Credits: Theory-4. 1:2:1. Duplications. Brief life history of Mendel 2. advantages and limitations. Laws of Inheritance 4. complete & incomplete linkage. 9:7. cross pollinated and vegetatively propagated plants. Selection methods: For self pollinated. effects of physical & chemical mutagens. Unit 2: Sex-determination and Sex-linked Inheritance (4 Lectures) Unit 3: Linkage and Crossing over (8 Lectures) Linkage: concept & history. Cytoplasmic Inheritance: Shell Coiling in Snail. Unit 7: Quantitative inheritance (4 lectures) 50 . 5.lethal Genes.Co. Inversions & Translocations. 8. Chromosome theory of Inheritance. Unit 6: Methods of crop improvement (8 lectures) Introduction: Centres of origin and domestication of crop plants. Unit 4: Mutations and Chromosomal Aberrations (4 Lectures) Types of mutations. Kappa particles in Paramecium. linkage maps based on two and three factor crosses. Hybridization: For self. Pedigree Analysis 7. Pleiotropism 10. Polyploidy and Aneuploidy . Numerical chromosomal changes: Euploidy. Male sterility. plant genetic resources. coupling & repulsion.dominance. Unit 5: Plant Breeding (4 lectures) Introduction and objectives. cross and vegetatively propagated plants – Procedure. Plant Breeding: Principles and Methods. India.R. Induction of polyploidy conditions in plants (For demonstration only). 5. M. Snustad DP (2008). G. 2. M (2011). Principles of Genetics. Elementary Principles of Plant Breeding. Introduction to th Genetic Analysis. Simmons MJ.. Wessler. A. examples. Cummings MR. 7. 4. Benjamin Cummings 4. (2007). Macmillan Higher Education Learning 6. H.Emasculation.. mechanism. Oxford – IBH.F. 8th Ed.. Practical 1.J. Distant hybridization and role of biotechnology in crop improvement. Monogenic vs polygenic Inheritance. (2010). (2005). Spencer..D. Klinefelter’s and Turner’s syndromes through photographs. S. Palladino. (2010). 15:1. 3. 2nd edition. Acquaah. D. Unit 8: Inbreeding depression and heterosis (4 lectures) History. 2. Principles of Genetics. H. 12:3:1.Concept. W. Laggards and Inversion Bridge.. 51 . 6. 5 edition. 10th Ed.B. Pedigree analysis for dominant and recessive autosomal and sex linked traits.J.. Concepts of Genetics. Incomplete dominance and gene interaction through seed ratios (9:7. Chaudhari. Mendel’s laws through seed ratios.A. Laboratory exercises in probability and chi- square. U. Gardner EJ. 9:6:1. Klug WS.K. 7th edition. 8. 13:3. C.S.P. S. 10 edition. Study of aneuploidy: Down’s. Carroll. Snustad. genetic basis of inbreeding depression and heterosis. Blackwell Publishing. J. 8. Singh. Applications. Photographs/Permanent Slides showing Translocation Ring. 9:3:4). John Wiley & Sons th Inc. B. Chromosome mapping using point test cross data. Polyploidy. Bagging (For demonstration only). Griffiths. Unit 9: Crop improvement and breeding (4 lectures) Role of mutations. (1984). Pierce BA (2011) Genetics: A Conceptual Approach. Hybridization techniques . Doebley.. Freeman and Co. 5. Kalyani Publishers. Wiley- India. 4th Ed. 7. Principles of Plant Genetics & Breeding. and Simmons. 3. Suggested Readings 1. samples. (b) Applications of fluorescence microscopy: Chromosome banding. Use of fluorochromes: (a) Flow cytometry (FACS). Characterization of proteins and nucleic acids. Transmission and Scanning electron microscopy – sample preparation for electron microscopy. 52 . parameters. X-ray diffraction. pulse chase experiment. Unit 6: Characterization of proteins and nucleic acids (6 Lectures) Mass spectrometry. sucrose density gradient. Representation of Data: Tabular. analytical centrifugation. Discipline Specific Elective Botany Analytical Techniques in Plant Sciences (Credits: Theory-4. Column chromatography. PAGE. CsCl2 gradient. Unit 2: Cell fractionation (8 Lectures) Centrifugation: Differential and density gradient centrifugation. Light microscopy. Measures of central tendency: Arithmetic mean. ultracentrifugation. population. data. Chi-square test for goodness of fit. FISH. GLC. mean deviation. Paper chromatography. Practicals-2) THEORY Lectures: 60 Unit 1: Imaging and related techniques (15 Lectures) Principles of microscopy. Molecular sieve chromatography. chromosome painting. shadow casting. Affinity chromatography. mode. TLC. Ion- exchange chromatography. cryofixation. auto-radiography. standard deviation. Graphical. freeze fracture. median. X-ray crystallography. HPLC.( Unit 3: Radioisotopes Use in biological research. (4 Lectures) Unit 5: Chromatography (8 Lectures) Principle. variation. freeze etching. SDS-PAGE Unit 7:Biostatistics (15 Lectures) Statistics. Confocal microscopy. Electrophoresis: AGE. marker enzymes. Fluorescence microscopy. Measures of dispersion: Range. (4 Lectures) Unit 4: Spectrophotometry Principle and its application in biological research. negative staining. Plant Microtechnique and Microscopy.. E. Short Protocols in Molecular Biology. (1999). Tata McGraw- Hill Publishing Co. J. Seidman.. (2012). Ruzin. S. Oxford University Press. New Delhi. To separate proteins using PAGE. F. 8. K. DNA fingerprinting. negative staining.A. Brent. (1995). Zar. Struhl. fluorescence and FISH).A. 5.. Demonstration of ELISA. 3rd edition. Moore.S. positive staining..E. Smith. U. J. 6. U.. 3. 11. 2. Biostatistical Analysis. To separate sugars by thin layer chromatography. 4th edition. DNA sequencing.D. John Wiley & Sons. Ltd.A. 3. Preparation of permanent slides (double staining). Isolation of chloroplasts by differential centrifugation.H. (1996). To separate DNA (marker) using AGE.. 4. 3rd edition. 4. Pearson Publication. Study of different microscopic techniques using photographs/micrographs (freeze fracture. An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry. Study of Blotting techniques: Southern.T. D. R. 2.G. 53 . To separate chloroplast pigments by column chromatography. freeze etching. PCR through photographs. Practicals 1. Ausubel. Plummer. Kingston. 7. Suggested Readings 1. 10. To separate nitrogenous bases by paper chromatography. D. 9. Northern and Western. J. R.S. New York. To estimate protein concentration through Lowry’s methods. Aim. Gene Expression Database. EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database (EMBL-Bank): Introduction. Unit 6: Applications of Bioinformatics (7 Lectures) 54 . Unit 2: Databases in Bioinformatics (5 Lectures) Introduction. Software for Phylogenetic Analyses. Sequence Retrieval. Unit 4: Sequence Alignments (10 Lectures) Introduction. Sequence Submission to EMBL. DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ): Introduction. Branches of Bioinformatics. Scope and Research areas of Bioinformatics. Unit 5: Molecular Phylogeny (8 Lectures) Methods of Phylogeny. Protein Database. Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST). Databases of PIR. Nucleotide Database. Consistency of Molecular Phylogenetic Prediction. Classification format of Biological Databases. Percent Accepted Mutation (PAM). Biological Database Retrieval System. Discipline Centric Elective Botany Bioinformatics (Credits: Theory-4. Unit 3 : Biological Sequence Databases (25 Lectures) National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI): Tools and Databases of NCBI. Database Retrieval Tool. Resources of PIR. Practicals-2) THEORY Lectures: 60 Unit 1: Introduction to Bioinformatics (5 Lectures) Introduction. Biological Databases. Scoring Matrices. Resources at DDBJ. Data Retrieval in PIR. Data Submission at DDBJ. Blocks of Amino Acid Substitution Matrix (BLOSUM). Protein Information Resource (PIR): About PIR. Sequence analysis tools. MSA by CLUSTALW. Concept of Alignment. Sequence Submission to NCBI. Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA). Swiss-Prot: Introduction and Salient Features. 14. Sequence retrieval from databases. Crop improvement. Pevsner J. Practical 11. Construction of phylogenetic tree. 12. (2008) Bioinformatics: Principles and Applications. 2. Heyer L.. Proteomics and Bioinformatics. Ghosh Z. Benjamin Cummings. 55 . (2009) Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics. Nucleic acid and protein databases. 3. M. (2006) Discovering Genomics. Campbell A. 15. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) techniques in Drug Design. Wiley- Blackwell. II Edition. Oxford University Press. J. and Bibekanand M. 13. Suggested Readings 1. Sequence homology and Gene annotation. II Edition. Sequence alignment.Structural Bioinformatics in Drug Discovery. Microbial genome applications. Paraffin and plastic infiltration. Unit 4: Overview of Biological Problems (6 Lectures) History. Literature-review and its consolidation. Cell Biology. The art of field photography. Tabulation and generation of graphs. Unit 6: Plant microtechniques (12 Lectures) Staining procedures. Proteomics-Transcriptional regulatory network. field research. Discipline Specific Elective Research Methodology (Credits: Theory-4. Technique of handling micropipettes. Preparation of thin and ultrathin sections. conceptual vs emperical). Staining equipment. Molar. Unit 3: Data collection and documentation of observations (6 Lectures) Maintaining a laboratory record. Knowledge about common toxic chemicals and safety measures in their handling. Model organisms in biology (A Brief overview): Genetics. Practicals-2) THEORY Lectures: 60 Unit 1: Basic concepts of research (10 Lectures) Research-definition and types of research (Descriptive vs analytical. classification and chemistry of stains. Physiology. Molarity and normality of common acids and bases. non- coagulant fixatives. Molecular Biology. Reactive 56 . squash preparations. Biochemistry. Imaging of tissuespecimens and application of scale bars. physical vs chemical fixation. Unit 2: General laboratory practices (12 Lectures) Common calculations in botany laboratories. coagulating fixatives. Key biology research areas. Tissue preparation: living vs fixed. Unit 5: Methods to study plant cell/tissue structure (6 Lectures) Whole mounts. tissue dehydration using graded solvent series. clearing. Percentage solutions. maceration and sectioning. Research methods vs methodology. Understanding the details on the label of reagent bottles. Library research. quantitative vs qualitative. peel mounts. laboratory research. Preparation of solutions. Dilutions. molal and normal solutions. applied vs fundamental. Genomics. Mukanyange. Practical 1. 4.dyes and fluorochromes (including genetically engineered protein labeling with GFP and other tags). Scientific writing and ethics. H. S.E.S. J. Experiments based on chemical calculations. units. A. Stapleton. abbreviations and nomenclature used in scientific writing. Dawson. C. (1999). The art of imaging of samples through microphotography and field photography. Plant microtechnique and microscopy. Houten..A. Scientific writing for agricultural research scientists – a training reference manual. Hong Kong. Oxford University Press. U. Ruzin. 2. Writing references. Technical writing on topics assigned. Yondeowei. Practical research methods. 57 . UBS Publishers.. (1995). Plant microtechnique experiments. Unit 7: The art of scientific writing and its presentation (8 Lectures) Numbers. Poster presentation. 2. West Africa Rice Development Association. (2002). New Delhi. P.. Powerpoint presentation. Poster presentation on defined topics. Cytogenetic techniques with squashed plant materials. 3. 5. Introduction to copyright-academic misconduct/plagiarism. 3. New York. Suggested Readings 1. and prostaglandins. Practicals-2) THEORY Lectures: 60 Theory Unit 1: Reproductive Endocrinology Gonadal hormones and mechanism of hormone action. Testis: Cellular functions. ET. Ovary: folliculogenesis. Accessory glands functions. Epididymal function and sperm maturation. Discipline Specific Elective Zoology Reproductive Biology (Credits: Theory-4. GIFT. hypothalamo – hypophyseal – gonadal axis. Spermatogenesis: kinetics and hormonal regulation. Reproductive System: Development and differentiation of gonads. diagnosis and management. pregnancy diagnosis. fertilization. Mechanism of parturition and its hormonal regulation. in vitro fertilization. ovulation. IUT. regulation of gonadotrophin secretion in male and female. Ovum transport in the fallopian tubes. Hormonal regulation of gestation. ZIFT. sperm banks. corpus luteum formation and regression. external genitalia. ICSI. Androgen synthesis and metabolism. glycoprotein hormones. Sperm transportation in male tract Unit 3: Functional anatomy of female reproduction Outline and histological of female reproductive system in rat and human. EFT. Reproductive cycles (rat and human) and their regulation. Sperm transport in the female tract. system cell renewal. steroids. mechanism of sex differentiation. Unit 2: Functional anatomy of male reproduction Outline and histological of male reproductive system in rat and human. foeto – maternal relationship. PROST. Hormonal control of implantation. Demographic terminology used in family planning 58 . Lactation and its regulation Unit 4: Reproductive Health Infertility in male and female: causes. Steroidogenesis and secretion of ovarian hormones. Assisted Reproductive Technology: sex selection. germ cell. Modern contraceptive technologies. genital ducts. frozen embryos. changes in the female tract. E. care of normal and experimental animals. ● Hatcher. 4. Endocrinology. Surgical techniques: principles of surgery in endocrinology. The Physiology of Reproduction. hysterectorny. and Jameson. Cambridge University Press. Raven Press Ltd. castration and vasectomy in rats. breeding techniques. (eds). ● Knobil.B. Examination of vaginal smear rats from live animals. et al. 3. J.SUGGESTED READINGS ● Austin. Study of modern contraceptive devices 59 . Examination of histological sections from photomicrographs/ permanent slides of rat/human: testis. ● Degroot. Sections of ovary. 2. L. Saunders and Company.R. Ovarectomy. Study of animal house: set up and maintenance of animal house. 6.V. W. Sperm count and sperm motility in rat 7. Population Information Programme.J. cervix and vagina. R. R. uterus (proliferative and secretory stages). The Essentials of Contraceptive Technology. 5.L. and Short. et al.A. C. fallopian tube. Human vaginal exfoliate cytology. epididymis and accessory glands of male reproductive systems. reproduction in Mammals. (eds). PRACTICALS 1. avian fauna. Cover construction. Identification of flora. Importance of conservation.telemetry. its amendments and implementation Unit 6: Management planning of wild life in protected areas. cover. Demonstration of basic equipment needed in wildlife studies use. 4. slide preparation. Birth rate. Advancing the successional process. Standard evaluation procedures: remote sensing and GIS Unit 3: Management of habitats . Practicals-2) THEORY Lectures: 60 Unit 1: Wild life . Biological Parameters: food. Bio. Discipline Specific Elective Zoology WILD LIFE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT (Credits: Theory-4. browse and cover estimation. Quarantine.Wild Protection act .Tiger reserves in India. Eco tourism / wild life tourism in forests. Binoculars. Hair identification. Wild life Legislation .Setting back succession. Grazing logging. scats. Causes of depletion. mammalian fauna. Pug marks and census method Unit 5: National Organizations involved in wild life conservation. Range Finders. forage. care and maintenance (Compass. pellet groups. Familiarization and study of animal evidences in the field. Geology. Our conservation ethics. Tiger conservation . fertility schedules and sex ratio computation. Soil and water. Mechanical treatment. Concept of climax persistence. Various types of Cameras and lenses) 3. Identification of animals through pug marks. Spotting scope. Common diseases of wild animal Unit 8: Protected areas National parks & sanctuaries. Global Positioning System. antlers etc. Ecology of perturbence Unit 7: Management of excess population & translocation. Faecal analysis of ungulates and carnivores: Faecal samples. Mortality. Preservation of general genetic diversity Unit 4: Population estimation: Population density.Physical parameters: Topography. Natality.positive and negative. World conservation strategies Unit 2: Habitat analysis. hoof marks.1972. Demonstration of different field techniques for flora and fauna 60 . Care of injured and diseased animal. nest. Estimation of carrying capacity. Important features of protected areas in India. Community reserve. herpeto-fauna 2. Evaluation and management of wild life . Management challenges in Tiger reserve SUGGESTED READINGS PRACTICALS 1.Values of wild life . 6. Ten tree method.5. Square & rectangular plots. Circular. Shrub cover assessment. Tree canopy cover assessment. Parker’s 2 Step and other methods for ground cover assessment. PCQ. Trail / transect monitoring for abundance and diversity estimation of mammals and bird (direct and indirect evidences) 61 . cells of immune system and organs (primary and secondary lymphoid organs) of the immune system Unit 3: Antigens. T. Osborne. P.. principles of innate and adaptive immune system Unit 2: Cells and organs of the immune system. R. Blackwell Publishing. W. Kuby. A.Basic properties of antigens..Structure. Discipline Specific Elective Zoology Immunology (Credits: Theory-4. Martin. Kindt. Practicals-2) THEORY Lectures: 60 Unit 1: Overview of the immune system..Hypersenstivity: types and functions. Immunology.Haematopoeisis.H. Delves. components of immune system. S. VI Edition.. A. Burton. Roitt's Essential Immunol ogy.. 2.Introduction to basic concepts in immunology. general introduction to vaccines SUGGESTED READINGS 1. types and functions of complement system Unit 7: Immune system in health and disease I. antigen antibody interactions as tools for research and diagnosis Unit 5: Working of the immune system I.Structure and functions of MHC.Basic properties and functions of cytokines. Ouchterlony’s double diffusion assay 62 . introduction to concepts of autoimmunity and immunodeficiency Unit 8: Immune system in health and disease II. J. classes and function of antibodies. course of adaptive response to infection. (2006). B. (2006). Roitt. D. J. Goldsby. Freeman and Company..Infectious agents and how they cause diseases.M. monoclonal antibodies. haptens and adjuvants Unit 4: Antibodies. B and T cell epitopes. R. I. ABO blood group determination 3. J. XI Edition. J. PRACTICALS 1. Study of lymphoid organs (by slides or micrographs) 2. exogenous and endogenous pathways of antigen presentation and processing Unit 6: Working of immune system II. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DOT-ELISA) 6. Preparation. Demonstration of immunoelectrophoresis 63 . cell count and percentage viability of spleenocytes 5. 4. Xenopsylla cheopis. Aedes. Control and damage caused by Helicoverpa armigera. Anopheles. Symbiosis. Discipline Specific Elective Zoology APPLIED ZOOLOGY (Credits: Theory-4. Intermediate host. Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum. Definitive host. Reservoir. Ancylostoma duodenale and Wuchereria bancrofti Unit 6: Insects of Economic Importance Biology. swine flu. Parasitism. Commensalism. Phlebotomus argentipes Unit 8: Animal Husbandry Preservation and artificial insemination in cattle. Plasmodium vivax and Trypanosoma gambiense Unit 5: Parasitic Helminthes Life history and pathogenicity of Schistosoma haematobium. Prevention and control of diseases: Tuberculosis. Callosobruchus chinensis. Culex. Borrelia recurrentis and Treponema pallidum Unit 4: Parasitic Protozoa Life history and pathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica. Induction of early puberty and synchronization of estrus in cattle Unit 9: Poultry Farming Principles of poultry breeding. Practicals-2) THEORY Lectures: 60 Unit 1: Introduction to Host-parasite Relationship Host. Processing and preservation of eggs Unit 10: Fish Technology Genetic improvements in aquaculture industry. Induced breeding and transportation of fish seed 64 . Pyrilla perpusilla and Papilio demoleus. Zoonosis Unit 2: Epidemiology of Diseases Transmission. Safe storage of stored grains Unit 7: Insects of Medical Importance Life cycle. Management of breeding stock and broilers. typhoid Unit 3: Rickettsiae and Spirochaetes Brief account of Rickettsia prowazekii. medical importance and control of Pediculus humanus corporis. ● Pedigo. Schistosoma haematobium. H. Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum 5. Agricultural Pests of India and South East Asia. K. U. ● Hafez. 4. Lea & Fabiger Publisher ● Dunham R. Pyrilla perpusilla.K. Identifying feature and economic importance of Helicoverpa (Heliothis) armigera. (2001). Maintenance of freshwater aquarium 65 . (2007). CBS Publications and Distributors. Study of arthropod vectors associated with human diseases: Pediculus. ● Kumar and Corton. Reproduction in Farm Animals.A. Trypanosoma gambiense. Prentice Hall. A. Aquaculture and Fisheries Biotechnology Genetic Approaches. CABI publications. B. Entomology and Pest Management. ● Dennis. Pathological Basis of Diseases. D. Timber Press (OR). 3. Submission of visit report 6. Aedes and Xenopsylla. Preventive and Social Medicine. (1962). S. Culex.P. XVI Edition. Kalyani Publishers. Anopheles. L. PRACTICAL 1. Study of insect damage to different plant parts/stored grains through damaged products/photographs. Medical Parasitology. (2002). II Edition. Callosobruchus chinensis. Study of permanent slides/photomicrographs and specimens of Plasmodium vivax.B Publishers. B. Visit to poultry farm or animal breeding centre. Papilio demoleus. Agricultural Entomology. R and Arora. Entamoeba histolytica.S. (1986). Ancylostoma duodenale and Wuchereria bancrofti 2. E. (2004).SUGGESTED READINGS ● Park. (2009). ● Arora. E. ● Atwal. Simple programs using these concepts. Compiled versus interpreted languages. Debugging. How to use Excel in analytical chemistry and in general scientific data analysis. Physical chemistry on a Microcomputer. R. variables. Simultaneous equations: Matrix manipulation: addition. Gauss-Siedal method. H. de. Venit. (1985). Cambridge Univ. bits. hierarchy of operations. Binary bisection and Regula-Falsi. Elements of the BASIC language. Matrix addition and multiplication. Little Brown & Co. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PRACTICAL LAB: APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTERS IN CHEMISTRY 60 Lectures 66 . probability distributions and mean values. Integral calculus: Numerical integration (Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule). Logical and relative operators. Differential calculus: Numerical differentiation. DISCIPLINE CENTRIC ELECTIVE CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTERS IN CHEMISTRY (Credits: Theory-04. Practicals-02) Theory: 60 Lectures Basics: Constants.. BASIC keywords and commands.M. Jaico Publishing House: Delhi (1996). Strings and graphics. D. Elementary ideas of molecular mechanics and practical MO methods. Reference Books: Harris. extrapolation and curve fitting: Handling of experimental data. Programming in BASIC: Problem solving with structure and style. inbuilt functions. iterative method. Numerical methods: Roots of equations: Numerical methods for roots of equations: Quadratic formula. bytes. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. 6th Ed. Levie. arithmetic expressions. C. binary and ASCII formats. Freeman (2007) Chapters 3-5. J. multiplication. Press (2001) 487 pages. Conceptual background of molecular modelling: Potential energy surfaces. Statistical analysis. Newton-Raphson method. Noggle. S. Interpolation. H. methods of their expression.g. (5 Lectures) Optical methods of analysis: Origin of spectra. R.M. Jaico Publishing House: Delhi (1996). monochromator and detector) for single and double beam instrument. Mathematics for Physical Chemistry. The Chemical Maths Book Oxford University Press (1996). Harris.Computer programs based on numerical methods for 1.g. Mortimer. Cambridge Univ. Numerical differentiation (e. P. Noggle. Levie. evaluation of analytical data. 67 . accuracy and precision. UV-Visible Spectrometry: Basic principles of instrumentation (choice of source. D. potentiometric titrations). C.. interaction of radiation with matter. Reference Books: McQuarrie. (1985). Little Brown & Co. validity of Beer-Lambert’s law. entropy/ enthalpy change from heat capacity data). 6th Ed. Elsevier (2005). R. de. pH of a weak acid). Physical Chemistry on a Microcomputer. errors. 5. How to use Excel in analytical chemistry and in general scientific data analysis. Q and t test. change in pressure for small change in volume of a van der Waals gas. Simple exercises using molecular visualization software. 4. Roots of equations: (e. F. Matrix operations. Venit. 2. and confidence intervals. Press (2001) 487 pages. Yates. Steiner. Numerical integration (e. Application of Gauss-Siedel method in colourimetry. Practicals-02) Theory: 60 Lectures Qualitative and quantitative aspects of analysis: Sampling. Freeman (2007) Chapters 3-5.g. fundamental laws of spectroscopy and selection rules. A. Programming in BASIC: Problem solving with structure and style. probability distributions (gas kinetic theory) and mean values. D. statistical test of data. CRC Press (2007). 2nd Ed. S. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DISCIPLINE CENTRIC ELECTIVE CHEMISTRY ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY (Credits: Theory-04. J. 3. Chemical Calculations. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. E. volume of van der Waals gas and comparison with ideal gas. Mathematics for Physical Chemistry University Science Books (2008).. 3rd Ed. rejection of data. normal law of distribution if indeterminate errors. extraction of organic species from the aqueous and nonaqueous media. principle and efficiency of the technique. sampling techniques. Technique of extraction: batch. Method of background correction.Basic principles of quantitative analysis: estimation of metal ions from aqueous solution. Chromatography: Classification. Qualitative and quantitative aspects of chromatographic methods of analysis: IC. Mechanism of extraction: extraction by solvation and chelation. 68 . Structural illustration through interpretation of data. sources of chemical interferences and their method of removal. Techniques for the quantitative estimation of trace level of metal ions from water samples. Determination of composition of metal complexes using Job’s method of continuous variation and mole ratio method. Techniques used for the determination of equivalence points. elution and displacement methods. continuous and counter current extractions. basic principle of instrumentation. Effect and importance of isotope substitution. Infrared Spectrometry: Basic principles of instrumentation (choice of source. potentiometric and conductometric titrations. Techniques of atomization and sample introduction. Flame Atomic Absorption and Emission Spectrometry: Basic principles of instrumentation (choice of source. principle and efficiency of the technique. choice of flame and Burner designs. GPC. (5 Lectures) Electroanalytical methods: Classification of electroanalytical methods. Development of chromatograms: frontal. (10 Lectures) Separation techniques: Solvent extraction: Classification. monochromator & detector) for single and double beam instrument. Techniques used for the determination of pKa values. GLC. geometrical isomers. basic principle of pH metric. partition & ion exchange. Qualitative and quantitative aspects of solvent extraction: extraction of metal ions from aqueous solution. (25 Lectures) Thermal methods of analysis: Theory of thermogravimetry (TG). Techniques for quantitative estimation of Ca and Mg from their mixture. detector. TLC and HPLC. monochromator. Mechanism of separation: adsorption. keto-enol tautomers. M. & Chalmes. Freeman. Arthur I: A Test book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis (Rev. (b) Separate a mixture of Sudan yellow and Sudan Red by TLC technique and identify them on the basis of their Rf values. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. Belmont. S.Stereoisomeric separation and analysis: Measurement of optical rotation. 6th Ed. International Publisher. Harris. Khopkar. 2009. and Cr3+. Elles Harwood Ltd. (ii) Separation and identification of the monosaccharides present in the given mixture (glucose & fructose) by paper chromatography. New Age. Mikes. by G. California. T. W. and Nieman. Willard.A. Singapore. Daniel C: Exploring Chemical Analysis. Analytical Chemistry – Methods of separation. et al.V. Laboratory Hand Book of Chromatographic & Allied Methods. Christian. R. Thomson Asia Pvt. O. Al3+. London. Ltd. Ed. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PRACTICALS LAB: ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 60 Lectures I. Wardsworth Publishing Company. 2001.A. flowers and juices by TLC 69 .J. 1988. Hobert H. Chiral chromatographic techniques using chiral columns (GC and HPLC). Separation Techniques 1. John Wiley & Sons. R. Reporting the Rf values. Basic Concepts of Analytical Chemistry. Chromatography: (a) Separation of mixtures (i) Paper chromatographic separation of Fe3+. Analytical Chemistry.H. (c) Chromatographic separation of the active ingredients of plants. Chiral solvents and chiral shift reagents. New York. Holler F. The English Language Book Society of Longman . (15 Lectures) Reference Books: Vogel. 7th Ed. 2004. Ditts. Skoog. Jeffery and others) 5th Ed. Role of computers in instrumental methods of analysis. calculation of Enantiomeric excess (ee)/ diastereomeric excess (de) ratios and determination of enantiomeric composition using NMR. Gary D.H.: Instrumental Methods of Analysis. USA. D.A. New York. Determine the pH of the given aerated drinks fruit juices. Willard. 6 Determine the composition of the Ferric-salicylate/ ferric-thiocyanate complex by Job’s method. New York. Christian. Ion exchange: (i) Determination of exchange capacity of cation exchange resins and anion exchange resins. Solvent Extractions: (i) To separate a mixture of Ni2+ & Fe2+ by complexation with DMG and extracting the Ni2+- DMG complex in chloroform. 2 Structural characterization of compounds by infrared spectroscopy. John Wiley & Sons. 70 . shampoos and soaps. 6th Ed.H. Arthur I: A Test book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis (Rev. 7th Ed.II. W. 5 Determination of Biological oxygen demand (BOD). 3 Determination of dissolved oxygen in water. Jeffery and others) 5th Ed. Li in cola drinks and fruit juices using fame photometric techniques. Ca. 4 Determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD). separation from a mixture of irons and gallium. Harris. 3. Analytical Chemistry. (iii) Separation of amino acids from organic acids by ion exchange chromatography. 1988. New Age. Khopkar. III Spectrophotometry 1. The English Language Book Society of Longman . 2004. magnesium. nitrate 6. 2009. Reference Books: Vogel. Freeman. phosphate. 5. Determination of pKa values of indicator using spectrophotometry. California. Basic Concepts of Analytical Chemistry. Belmont. Analysis of soil: (i) Determination of pH of soil. Hobert H. et al. Gary D. Ed. 2001. USA. Daniel C: Exploring Chemical Analysis.: Instrumental Methods of Analysis. and determine its concentration by spectrophotometry. 4. New York. International Publisher. Determination of Na.M. (ii) Separation of metal ions from their binary mixture. S. Wardsworth Publishing Company. (ii) Solvent extraction of zisconium with amberliti LA-1. by G. (ii) Total soluble salt (iii) Estimation of calcium.H. T. (14 Lectures) Energy Minimization and Computer Simulation: Minimization and related methods for exploring the energy surface. Force Field Models for the Simulation of Liquid Water. Surfaces. (12 Lectures) Molecular Dynamics & Monte Carlo Simulation: Molecular Dynamics Simulation Methods. Introduction to nonbonded interactions. Potential Energy Surfaces. Molecular Graphics. Non-derivative method. Angle Bending. D. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. Useful Concepts in Molecular Modelling: Coordinate Systems. Computer simulation methods. Laboratory Hand Book of Chromatographic & Allied Methods. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DISCIPLINE CENTRIC ELECTIVE CHEMISTRY MOLECULAR MODELLING & DRUG DESIGN (Credits: Theory-04. Skoog. Metropolis method. Simple thermodynamic properties and Phase Space. Monte Carlo simulation of molecules.J. The Molecular Modelling Literature. Molecular Dynamics at constant temperature and pressure. First and second order minimization methods.A. (12 Lectures) Structure Prediction and Drug Design: 71 . O. R. Thomson Asia Pvt. and Nieman. Ditts. Molecular Dynamics with continuous potentials. Hydrogen bonding in Molecular Mechanics. R. Mikes. & Chalmes. Practicals-02) Theory: 60 Lectures Introduction to Molecular Modelling: Introduction.A. Holler F. Singapore. Bond Stretching. Analyzing the results of a simulation and estimating Errors.A.V. (10 Lectures) Force Fields: Fields. Molecular Dynamics using simple models. Electrostatic interactions. van der Waals Interactions. Ltd. Computer Hardware and Software. Elles Harwood Ltd. Analytical Chemistry – Methods of separation. Boundaries. Models used in Monte Carlo simulations of polymers. London. Introduction to comparative Modeling. 2001. Molecular docking. HF.edu/ffe). Constructing and evaluating a comparative model. iii.M. (a) Compare the shapes of the molecules: 1-butanol. Relate to the dipole moments. NO and CO and comment. 2-butanol. vi. (12 Lectures) Reference Books: A.3-dimethyl-2-butene in order of increasing stability. J. Note the dipole moment of each compound: (a) alkyl halide (b) aldehyde (c) ketone (d) amine (e) ether (f) nitrile (g) thiol (h) carboxylic acid (i) ester (j) amide. 2-methyl-1-propanol. Compare the optimized C-C bond lengths in ethane. 2-methyl-2-pentene. (a) Determine the heat of hydration of ethylene. and 2. 82 ºC. ethyne and benzene.2 (dasher. dimethylamine and trimethylamine. Haile. Visualize the electron density and electrostatic potential maps for LiH. ethene. Drug Discovery – Chemoinformatics – QSAR. Springer .R. 108 ºC. Molecular Modelling Principles and Application. Sequence alignment. methylamine. TINKER 6. (Z)-3-methyl-2- pentene. Leach.Anamaya Publishers. (b) Compare the HAH bond angles for the second row dihydrides and compare with the results from qualitative MO theory. (a) Relate the charge on the hydrogen atom in hydrogen halides with their acid character.wustl. John Wiley and Sons. Predicting protein structures by 'Threading’. and 2-methyl-2-propanol. Arrange 1-hexene. ArgusLab (www. (b) Compare the basicities of the nitrogen atoms in ammonia. QSAR and Molecular Modeling. or any similar software. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PRACTICAL LAB: MOLECULA MODELLING & DRUG DESIGN 60 Lectures i. respectively). iv. ii. Note the dipole moment of each molecule. (b) Show how the shapes affect the trend in boiling points: (118 ºC. H2Se. viii. Molecular Dynamics Simulation Elementary Methods.com). (a) Perform a conformational analysis of butane.planaria-software. H2S. v. Note: Software: ChemSketch. Reference Books: 72 . vii. Animate the vibrations of these molecules. 100 ºC. Longman. Structure based de novo ligand design. Hyperchem. (E)-3-methyl-2-pentene. 2008. 1997. WebLab Viewer. ethyne. N2. ix. Build and minimize organic compounds of your choice containing the following functional groups. Satya Prakash Gupta. (b) Determine the enthalpy of isomerization of cis and trans 2-butene. (b) Compute the resonance energy of benzene by comparison of its enthalpy of hydrogenation with that of cyclohexene. (a) Compare the optimized bond angles H2O. benzene and pyridine π bonds. Visualize the molecular orbitals of the ethane σ bonds and ethene.Structure prediction . white and black pigments. 2008. Hydrothermal method. J. QSAR and Molecular Modeling. Co-precipitation method. Springer . 73 . Molecular Modelling Principles and Application. copper. Bio-inorganic nanomaterials. Leach. DNA and nanomaterials.Anamaya Publishers. plain carbon and alloy steels. 1997. Practicals-02) Theory: 60 Lectures Synthesis and modification of inorganic solids: Conventional heat and beat methods. anionic. Ion-exchange and Intercalation methods. super alloys thermoplastics. (10 Lectures) Nanomaterials: Overview of nanostructures and nanomaterials: classification. mixed Inorganic pigments – coloured solids. bionano composites. mechanical and fabricating characteristics and applications of various types of cast irons. molecular magnets. (10 Lectures) Introduction to engineering materials for mechanical construction: Composition. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DISCIPLINE CENTRIC ELECTIVE CHEMISTRY NOVEL INORGANIC SOLIDS (Credits: Theory-04. Molecular material and fullerides. Sol-gel methods. Preparation of gold and silver metallic nanoparticles. Satya Prakash Gupta. (10 Lectures) Inorganic solids of technological importance: Solid electrolytes – Cationic. Haile. Longman.M. brasses and bronzes cutting tool materials. aluminum and their alloys like duralumin. A. Molecular Dynamics Simulation Elementary Methods. Carbon nanotubes and inorganic nanowires. molecular materials & chemistry – one-dimensional metals. John Wiley and Sons. self-assembled nanostructures-control of nanoarchitecture-one dimensional control. natural and antisical nanomaterials. 2001. thermosets and composite materials.R. inorganic liquid crystals. Ceramic & Refractory: Introduction. manufacturing and applications. 3. Springer (2004). Peter Alkins. matrix materials. Materials Chemistry. (10 Lectures) Speciality polymers: Conducting polymers . raw materials. D. Synthesis of silver and gold metal nanoparticles. role of matrix in composites. 4. conduction mechanism. metal-matrix composites. Oxford University Press (2011-2012) Adam. Synthesis of hydrogel by co-precipitation method. Introduction to Nanotechnology ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL LAB: NOVEL INORGANIC SOLIDS 60 Lectures 1. limitations of conventional engineering materials. applications of conducting polymers. properties. classification. classification. environmental effects on composites. Ovens.M. 5th Edition. Ion-exchange resins and their applications. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DISCIPLINE CENTRIC ELECTIVE CHEMISTRY 74 . polymer-matrix composites. reinforcements. Inorganic Chemistry. polyacetylene. Reference Book: Fahan. Determination of total difference of solids. (10 Lectures) Reference Books: Shriver & Atkins. Mark Weller and Fraser Armstrong. fibre-reinforced composites. polyparaphenylene and polypyrole. Frank J. (10 Lectures) Composite materials: Introduction. Jonathan Rourke. Inorganic Solids: An introduction to concepts in solid-state structural chemistry.Introduction. Tina Overton. applications of composites. Determination of cation exchange method 2. Relationships between functionality. Factors affecting glass transition temperature (Tg). (4 Lectures) Functionality and its importance: Criteria for synthetic polymer formation. Practicals-02) Theory: 60 Lectures Introduction and history of polymeric materials: Different schemes of classification of polymers. etc) by end group analysis. Texture of Polymers. (8 Lectures) Kinetics of Polymerization: Mechanism and kinetics of step growth. viscometry. Mw. 75 . (2 Lectures) Determination of molecular weight of polymers (Mn. extent of reaction and degree of polymerization. (8 Lectures) Glass transition temperature (Tg) and determination of Tg. ionic chain (both cationic and anionic) and coordination polymerizations. Factors affecting crystalline melting point. POLYMER CHEMISTRY (Credits: Theory-06. radical chain growth. Molecular weight distribution and its significance. Morphology of crystalline polymers. Poly-functional systems. WLF equation. Polydispersity index. Free volume theory. Molecular forces and chemical bonding in polymers. Mechanism and kinetics of copolymerization. Polymer nomenclature. Bi- functional systems. (8 lectures) Crystallization and crystallinity: Determination of crystalline melting point and degree of crystallinity. polymerization techniques. classification of polymerization processes. light scattering and osmotic pressure methods. (4 Lectures) Nature and structure of polymers-Structure Property relationships. Huggins theory. John Wiley. polyamides and related polymers. Billmeyer: Text Book of Polymer Science. Polymerization using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) / 2. Flory. (10 Lectures) Reference Books: Seymour’s Polymer Chemistry. R. fluoro polymers. Lenz: Organic Chemistry of Synthetic High Polymers. entropy. a. F. Lower and Upper critical solution temperatures. G.W. thermal. structure. Novalac). poly(vinyl chloride) and related polymers. Preparation of nylon 66/6 1. Marcel Dekker. Polycarbonates. Ghosh: Polymer Science & Technology. Interfacial polymerization. acrylic polymers. silicone polymers.W. (8 Lectures) Polymer Solution – Criteria for polymer solubility. preparation of polyester from isophthaloyl chloride (IPC) and phenolphthalein a. (8 Lectures) Properties of Polymers (Physical. P. Polymer synthesis 1. John Wiley. Odian: Principles of Polymerization. Inc. Brief introduction to preparation. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CHEMISTRY LAB: POLYMER CHEMISTRY 60 Lectures 1. Preparation of IPC 76 . Solubility parameter. properties and application of the following polymers: polyolefins. polyurethanes. Phenol formaldehyde resins (Bakelite. poly(vinyl acetate) and related polymers. and free energy change of mixing of polymers solutions.2’-azo-bis-isobutylonitrile (AIBN) 2. enthalpy. poly(p-phenylene sulphide polypyrrole. polythiophene)]. Free radical solution polymerization of styrene (St) / Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) / Methyl Acrylate (MA) / Acrylic acid (AA). polyaniline. polystyrene and styrene copolymers. Conducting Polymers. [polyacetylene. Flow & Mechanical Properties). Purification of monomer b. Thermodynamics of polymer solutions. polydienes. Tata Mcgraw-Hill. Preparations of novalac resin/resold resin. Polymer analysis 1. Preparation of urea-formaldehyde resin 6. Determination of hydroxyl number of a polymer using colorimetric method. b. 2nd ed. DSC analysis of polymers 5. Purification of IPC c. Microscale Emulsion Polymerization of Poly(methylacrylate). IR studies of polymers 4. Jr. 3rd ed. H. 3. Prentice-Hall (2003) Fred W. Allcock. Redox polymerization of acrylamide 4. Polymer Science and Technology. Stevens. Frederick W. 3rd Ed. 7. Textbook of Polymer Science. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DISCIPLINE CENTRIC ELECTIVE CHEMISTRY 77 . Determination of molecular weight by viscometry: (a) Polyacrylamide-aq. 2nd ed. Precipitation polymerization of acrylonitrile 5. 5. Preparation of polyacrylamide and its electrophoresis *at least 7 experiments to be carried out. Fried. Reference Books: Malcohm P.NaNO2 solution (b) (Poly vinyl proplylidine (PVP) in water 2. John Wiley & Sons (2005) Malcolm P. Interfacial polymerization 3. Prentice-Hall (2003) Petr Munk and Tejraj M. 9th ed. Estimation of the amount of HCHO in the given solution by sodium sulphite method 2. Determination of molecular weight by end group analysis: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) (OH group). 3rd ed. Stevens. Carraher. by Charles E. Introduction to Macromolecular Science. Aminabhavi. Determination of the viscosity-average molecular weight of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) and the fraction of “head-to-head” monomer linkages in the polymer. Wiley-Interscience (1984) Joel R. Harry R. Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction. 3rd ed. Polymer characterization 1. Introduction to Physical Polymer Science. John Wiley & Sons (2002) L. Testing of mechanical properties of polymers. Billmeyer. Instrumental Techniques 3. 4th ed. (2013). Oxford University Press (2005) Seymour/ Carraher’s Polymer Chemistry. Mark. Lampe and James E. Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction. Contemporary Polymer Chemistry. Sperling. 4. bibliography. recovery. Search engines. H-index. publications of scientific work. procedure for working with substances that pose hazards. identification. UGC infonet. Writing scientific papers – justification for scientific contributions. the need for illustration. Preprint servers. Journal access. (20 Lectures) Chemical Safety and Ethical Handling of Chemicals: Safe working procedure and protective environment. Introduction to Chemical Abstracts and Beilstein. Impact factor. and other Indices with examples. Organizing a poster display. E-journals. recycling and reuse of laboratory chemicals. TOC alerts. E-books. Internet discussion groups and communities. Citation index. Google Scholar. SI Units and their use. (20 Lectures) Methods of Scientific Research and Writing Scientific Papers: Reporting practical and project work. Hot articles. ChemSpider. (12 Lectures) Data Analysis The Investigative Approach: Making and Recording Measurements. ChemIndustry. Scopus. Safe storage and use of hazardous chemicals.Scientific method and design of experiments. 78 . Wiki. verification and segregation of laboratory waste. flammable or explosive hazards. monographs. Subject Index. current contents. Tutorials-01) Theory: 75 Lectures Literature Survey: Print: Sources of information: Primary. tertiary sources. procedures for working with gases at pressures above or below atmospheric – safe storage and disposal of waste chemicals. Writing ethics. dictionaries. Author Index. current titles. protective apparel. SciFinder. Avoiding plagiarism. Scirus. Journals: Journal abbreviations. description of methods. Giving an oral presentation. Formula Index. procedure for laboratory disposal of explosives. E-consortium. conclusions. Information Technology and Library Resources: The Internet and World Wide Web. reviews. secondary.Databases. Internet resources for chemistry. Blogs. incineration and transportation of hazardous chemicals. laboratory ventilation. Writing literature surveys and reviews. emergency procedure and first aid. Digital: Web resources. Science Direct. Substance Index. disposal of chemicals in the sanitary sewer system. abstracts. style. Finding and citing published information. text-books. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FOR CHEMISTRY (Credits: Theory-05. Prevention of Waste/ byproducts. D. A. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CHEMISTRY-DSE: GREEN CHEMISTRY (Credits: Theory-04. J. R. Limitations/ Obstacles in the pursuit of the goals of Green Chemistry. energy requirements for reactions . de. Chemical safety matters – IUPAC – IPCS. Weyers. Quantitative chemical analysis. use of catalytic reagents (wherever possible) in preference to stoichiometric reagents. selection of starting materials. 2nd Ed. weighted linear case. J. Cambridge University Press. Freeman (2007) Chapters 3-5. solventless processes. Topping. Basic aspects of multiple linear regression analysis. (10 Lectures) Reference Books Dean. Practicals-02) Theory: 60 Lectures Introduction to Green Chemistry What is Green Chemistry? Need for Green Chemistry. immobilized solvents and ionic liquids. fitting of linear equations.Analysis and Presentation of Data: Descriptive statistics. (13 Lectures) Electronics Basic fundamentals of electronic circuits and their components used in circuits of common instruments like spectrophotometers. General polynomial fitting. Goals of Green Chemistry. A. (1984) Errors of observation and their treatment. designing safer chemicals – different basic approaches to do so. 79 . selection of appropriate auxiliary substances (solvents. D. J.. D. M. Curve fitting. prevention/ minimization of hazardous/ toxic products. Harlow. (2006) Data analysis for chemistry. Designing a Green Synthesis using these principles. Prentice-Hall. Hibbert. R. linearizing transformations.. Jones. ultrasonic energy. Press (2001) 487 pages. simple linear cases. B. Chapman Hall. avoidance of unnecessary derivatization – careful use of blocking/protecting groups. (4 Lectures) Principles of Green Chemistry and Designing a Chemical synthesis Twelve principles of Green Chemistry with their explanations and examples. J. typical circuits involving operational amplifiers for electrochemical instruments. C. Reed. maximum incorporation of the materials used in the process into the final products (Atom Economy). separation agents). Fourth Ed.01. Holmes. Choosing and using statistical tests. Cambridge Univ. OSU safety manual 1. Levie. 1992..use of microwaves.. London. r and its abuse. R. Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Correlation and regression. analysis of residuals. J.. How to use Excel in analytical chemistry and in general scientific data analysis. green solvents. Elementary aspects of digital electronics. & Jones. Oxford University Press. designing of biodegradable products. Chemometrics. (2011) Practical skills in chemistry. prevention of chemical accidents. Harris. 6th Ed. & Gooding.. exponential function fit. disodium iminodiacetate (alternative to Strecker synthesis). M. alcohols). 1. Strecker synthesis. saponification. American Chemical Society.K. BHT. Warner: Oxford Green Chemistry. Alkylations.K. Green Synthesis of the following compounds: adipic acid. Connely: Real-World cases in Green Chemistry. Introduction to Green Chemistry. substitution reactions. a nonmetallic oxidative reagent for various reactions. coupling reaction. Oxidation (of toluene. paracetamol. Anamalaya Publishers (2005). urethane. anhydrides from dicarboxylic acid. University Press (1998). Biocatalysis in organic syntheses. Tinnesand. Diels-Alder Reaction. American Chemical Society. pyrimidine and pyridine derivatives. catechol. Free Radical Bromination. methylbenzoate to benzole acid). 4.R. P. Hydrolysis (of benzyl chloride. Safer starting materials 80 . ibuprofen. 3. Anastas & J. benzamide. reduction. Ryan & M. Selective methylation of active methylene group using dimethylcarbonate: Solid-state polymerization of amorphous polymers using diphenylcarbonate. Ahluwalia & M. Cann & M. Biomimetic.strengthening/ development of analytical techniques to prevent and minimize the generation of hazardous substances in chemical processes. methyl methacrylate.Theory and Practical. Reformatsky reaction.T. M. synthesis of nitriles from aldehydes. 2. (8 Lectures) Reference Books: V. Matlack: Introduction to Green Chemistry. Cannizaro reaction. oxidation.2- dihydrotriazine derivatives. Washington (2000). (24 Lectures) Examples of Green Synthesis/ Reactions 1. Use of “Clayan”. Combinatorial green chemistry. Marcel Dekker (2001). furfural.E. Deprotection. Microwave assisted reactions in water: Hofmann Elimination. citral. Ultrasound assisted reactions: Esterification. Proliferation of solventless reactions. Kidwai: New Trends in Green Chemistry. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CHEMISTRY LAB: GREEN CHEMISTRY 60 Lectures 1. Washington (2002). Green chemistry in sustainable development. benzimidazoles. Alkylation of reactive methylene compounds. benzyl bromide. n-phenyl benzamide. Decarboxylation.S. Microwave assisted solid state reactions: Deacetylation. Role of Tellurium in organic syntheses. Orthoester Claisen Rearrangement. aromatic amines (4-aminodiphenylamine). Saponification of esters. Fries rearrangement. A. reductions. multifunctional reagents. Microwave assisted reactions in organic solvents: Esterification.C. (24 Lectures) Future Trends in Green Chemistry Oxidation reagents and catalysts. acetaldehyde.A. oncovalent derivatization. elimination. (if possible) 2.The Vitamin C clock reaction using Vitamin C tablets.→ propene + trimethylpropene + water H2SO4/ (II) 1-propanol propene + water The other types of reactions. 4. Using renewable resources Preparation of biodiesel from vegetable oil. 81 . 3. Photoreduction of benzophenone to benzopinacol in the presence of sunlight. Avoiding waste Principle of atom economy. Effect of concentration on clock reaction Effect of temperature on clock reaction. Extraction of D-limonene from orange peel using liquid CO2 prepared form dry ice. like addition. 10. 6. Diels Alder reaction in water Reaction between furan and maleic acid in water and at room temperature rather than in benzene and reflux. Use of enzymes as catalysts Benzoin condensation using Thiamine Hydrochloride as a catalyst instead of cyanide Alternative Green solvents 5. substitution and rearrangement should also be studied for the calculation of atom economy. Alternative sources of energy 9. microwave assisted one pot synthesis of phthalocyanine complex of copper (II). Use of molecular model kit to stimulate the reaction to investigate how the atom economy can illustrate Green Chemistry. hydrogen peroxide and liquid laundry starch. Mechanochemical solvent free synthesis of azomethines 8. 7. Preparation of propene by two methods can be studied (I) Triethylamine ion + OH. Solvent free. tincture of iodine. Co-crystal controlled solid state synthesis (C2S3) of N-organophthalimide using phthalic anhydride and 3-aminobenzoic acid. M. American Chemical Society.. & Ryan. & Chaudhari. Cann. Ryan. Kirchoff.C. Bangalore CISBN 978-93-81141-55-7 (2013). M. storage and hazards in handling of the following gases: oxygen. carbon monoxide. hydrogen. American Chemical Society. fluorine. nitrogen. P. New Delhi. J. borax. I. hydrogen peroxide.S. I. nitric acid. Washington DC (2002). analysis and hazards in handling the following chemicals: hydrochloric acid. (Ed). H. uses. L. application. American Chemical Society (2008). Oxford University Press (1998). Green Chemistry Experiment: A monograph International Publishing House Pvt Ltd. potash alum. sulphur dioxide and phosgene. Washington DC (2002).C. Practicals-02) Theory: 60 Lectures Industrial Gases and Inorganic Chemicals Industrial Gases: Large scale production. chrome alum. Cann. helium. &Kriz.T. neon.Reference Books: Anastas. M. D. C. M. Introduction to Green Chemistry. common salt. M. Inorganic Chemicals: Manufacture. & Thomas.A. P. Real world cases in Green Chemistry. Greener approaches to undergraduate chemistry experiment. E. M. & Connelly. American Chemical Society (2008). R. Pavia.K. M.K. Tinnesand.A. Real world cases in Green Chemistry. chlorine. potassium dichromate and potassium permanganate.K. G. bleaching powder. (10 Lectures) Industrial Metallurgy Preparation of metals (ferrous and nonferrous) and ultrapure metals for semiconductor technology. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice. sodium thiosulphate. W B Introduction to organic laboratory ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DISCIPLINE CENTRIC ELECTIVE CHEMISTRY INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS AND ENVIRONMENT (Credits: Theory-04. caustic soda. argon. Lamponan. G. acetylene. Sharma. (4 Lectures) 82 . Sidhwani. sulphuric acid.T & Warner. Tidal and Hydel. Greenhouse effect and Global warming. chlorofluorocarbons and Halogens. water resources. Nuclear Pollution: Disposal of nuclear waste. Control of particulates. Effects of air pollution on living organisms and vegetation. Water Pollution: Hydrological cycle. Solar energy. nitrogen and sulphur. Industrial effluents from the following industries and their treatment: electroplating. Vol-I. NOx. Environmental effects of ozone. H2S and other foul smelling gases. Techniques for measuring water pollution. SOx and control procedures. etc. Chemical and photochemical reactions in atmosphere. Air Pollution: Major regions of atmosphere. ion exchange). Nuclear Fusion / Fission. NOx. (6 Lectures) Reference Books: E.Environment and its segments Ecosystems. CO. Water treatment and purification (reverse osmosis. Effluent treatment plants (primary. Biogeochemical cycles of carbon. Ellis Horwood Ltd. Hydrogen. Water purification methods. petrol and natural gas. Methods of estimation of CO. CO2. textile. Major sources of air pollution. (30 Lectures) Energy & Environment Sources of energy: Coal. fertilizer. UK. electro dialysis. industrial water and domestic water. 83 . (10 Lectures) Biocatalysis Introduction to biocatalysis: Importance in “Green Chemistry” and Chemical Industry. dairy. sources. Sources and nature of water pollutants. tannery. Ozone depletion by oxides of nitrogen. Pollution by SO2. petroleum and petrochemicals. nuclear disaster and its management. Impacts of water pollution on hydrological and ecosystems. etc. Sludge disposal. particle size and chemical nature. Water quality parameters for waste water. removal of sulphur from coal. geothermal. agro. Stocchi: Industrial Chemistry. Air pollutants: types. Photochemical smog: its constituents and photochemistry. Industrial waste management. aquatic ecosystems. secondary and tertiary treatment). incineration of waste. M. R. New Delhi. Environmental Pollution Analysis: Wiley Eastern Ltd. Measurement of dissolved CO2. J. Dara: A Textbook of Engineering Chemistry.M. Wiley Publishers. Brooks/ Cole (2006). New Delhi. Wiley Publishers. CBS Publishers. S. New Delhi. sulphate and salinity of water samples by simple titration method (AgNO3 and potassium chromate). Chand & Company Ltd. Environmental Pollution Analysis: Wiley Eastern Ltd. Stocchi: Industrial Chemistry. New Delhi. A. 7. Reference Books: E. Vol-I.E. G. Ellis Horwood Ltd. New Delhi (2005). A. New Delhi. Environmental Chemistry. Rousseau: Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes. Study of some of the common bio-indicators of pollution. S. Determination of dissolved oxygen in water. S. New Delhi.. Environmental Studies. Mishra. UK. Ltd. Measurement of chloride.W. De. R. Environmental Chemistry: New Age International Pvt. Khopkar. HCO3-) using double titration method. Estimation of total alkalinity of water samples (CO32-. S. Determination of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) 4. Preparation of borax/ boric acid. S. 10. R. S. 8. 6. Ltd. New Delhi. Manahan. CRC Press (2005).T. New Delhi. Khopkar. New Delhi. Dara: A Textbook of Engineering Chemistry. Kent: Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry. De. Felder. K. 5. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DISCIPLINE CENTRIC ELECTIVE CHEMISTRY INORGANIC MATERIALS OF INDUSTRIAL IMPORTANCE (Credits: Theory-04. Selective and Scientific Books. J. S. R. Estimation of SPM in air samples. S. Kent: Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry. A. Percentage of available chlorine in bleaching powder. Environmental Science 11th edition. Miller. Practicals-02) Theory: 60 Lectures 84 . Chand & Company Ltd.W. Environmental Chemistry: New Age International Pvt. CBS Publishers. Felder. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CHEMISTRY LAB: INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS & ENVIRONMENT 60 Lectures 1. New Delhi.. 2. M. M. S. Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 3. K. 9. Rousseau: Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes. photosensitive glass. Water and Oil paints. toners and lakes pigments. preliminary treatment of surface. (8 Lectures) Surface Coatings: Objectives of coatings surfaces. Oil paint. classification of surface coatings. desulphurization dephosphorisation) and surface treatment (argon treatment.Silicate Industries Glass: Glassy state and its properties. lead glass. Cements: Classification of cement. (10 Lectures) Batteries: Primary and secondary batteries. borosilicate glass. their types and manufacture. heat treatment. additives. (16 Lectures) Fertilizers: Different types of fertilizers. polyphosphate. ammonium nitrate. calcium ammonium nitrate. ammonium phosphates. ceramic. Fillers. Fire retardant. potassium sulphate. ferrous and non-ferrous alloys. compound and mixed fertilizers. nitriding. Metallic coatings (electrolytic and electroless). potassium chloride. Composition and properties of different types of steels. Manufacture and processing of glass. armoured glass. metal spraying and anodizing. Enamels. Li-Battery. 85 . safety glass. Solar cell and polymer cell. Pigments. Thinners. emulsifying agents. superconducting and semiconducting oxides. High technology ceramics and their applications. Plastic paint). quick setting cements. Eco-friendly paint. Wax polishing. (6 Lectures) Alloys: Classification of alloys. Manufacture of Steel (removal of silicon decarbonization. classification (silicate and non-silicate glasses). composition and related properties. Composition and properties of the following types of glasses: Soda lime glass. Working of following batteries: Pb acid. demanganization. Special paints (Heat retardant. Specific properties of elements in alloys. Fuel cells. Dyes. Solid state electrolyte battery. fluorosilicate. Ceramics: Important clays and feldspar. ingredients and their role. carburizing). Characteristics of Battery. Vehicle. superphosphate. Manufacture of the following fertilizers: Urea. battery components and their role. Manufacture of cement and the setting process. fullerenes carbon nanotubes and carbon fibre. Paints and pigments-formulation. coloured glass. modified oils. Venkappayya. Wiley Publishers. (10 Lectures) Catalysis: General principles and properties of catalysts. New Delhi. C. 7. Ni). 6. Vol-I. homogenous catalysis (catalytic steps and examples) and heterogenous catalysis (catalytic steps and examples) and their industrial applications. 86 . W. Zn ) in alloy or synthetic samples. Introduction to rocket propellants. 2. Reference Books: E. Wiley Publishers. CBS Publishers. PETN. (6 Lectures) Chemical explosives: Origin of explosive properties in organic compounds. R. R. Delhi. R. D. Felder. New Delhi. New Delhi. Kent: Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry. preparation and explosive properties of lead azide. Sharma: Engineering Chemistry. 4. Goel Publishing House. M. Stocchi: Industrial Chemistry. W. application of zeolites as catalysts. Analysis of (Cu. P. (4 Lectures) Reference Books: E. Dhanpat Rai & Sons. M. Jain: Engineering Chemistry. 5. Electroless metallic coatings on ceramic and plastic material. 3. Vol-I. 8. K. New Delhi. Preparation of pigment (zinc oxide). Determination of composition of dolomite (by complexometric titration). UK. B. Phase transfer catalysts. Gopalan. K. Estimation of Calcium in Calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizer. Meerut ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CHEMISTRY LAB: INORGANIC MATERIALS OF INDUSTRIAL IMPORTANCE 60 Lectures 1. D. Rousseau: Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes. Kingery. R. Ellis Horwood Ltd. A. Deactivation or regeneration of catalysts. Jain. H. (Cu. UK. Vikas Publications. D. Bowen. J. Nagarajan: Engineering Chemistry. Estimation of phosphoric acid in superphosphate fertilizer. Determination of free acidity in ammonium sulphate fertilizer. Stocchi: Industrial Chemistry. cyclonite (RDX). Analysis of Cement. Uhlmann: Introduction to Ceramics. S. Ellis Horwood Ltd. K. differential detection). Excitation sources (lasers. Practicals-02) Theory: 60 Lectures Introduction to spectroscopic methods of analysis: Recap of the spectroscopic methods covered in detail in the core chemistry syllabus: Treatment of analytical data. Felder. Means of excitation (light sources). W. P. absorption. R. Dhanpat Rai & Sons. D. B. M. mixtures. diode arrays. (16 Lectures) Separation techniques 87 . Classification of analytical methods and the types of instrumental methods. resolution). New Delhi. Kent: Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry. Gopalan. detection of the signal (heat. W. Jain. advantages of Fourier Transform (FTIR). A. Detection of signal (photocells. C. prisms. Jain: Engineering Chemistry. separation of spectrum (wavelength dispersion. D. placement of sample relative to dispersion. interference filters. (4 Lectures) Molecular spectroscopy: Infrared spectroscopy: Interactions with molecules: absorption and scattering. Samples and results expected. R. M. CBS Publishers. Interpretation (quantification. Meerut ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DISCIPLINE CENTRIC ELECTIVE CHEMISTRY INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS (Credits: Theory-04. photoaccoustic. J. Special problems for portable instrumentation and rapid detection. absorption vs. New Delhi. R. Goel Publishing House. fluorescence and photoaccoustic. Wiley Publishers. Bowen. Uhlmann: Introduction to Ceramics. Rousseau: Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes. Applications: Issues of quality assurance and quality control. wavelength dispersion (gratings. K. Consideration of electromagnetic radiation. Wiley Publishers. fluorescence and the use of time. Kingery. Sharma: Engineering Chemistry. photomultipliers. including error analysis. New Delhi. time resolution). Vikas Publications. laser. D. S. R. interpretation of spectrum (qualitative. New Delhi. UV-Visible/ Near IR – emission. mixtures. Delhi. Single and Double Beam instruments. H. fluorescent tags). time resolution). Nagarajan: Engineering Chemistry. Venkappayya. sensitivity and S/N). resolution). Electrophoresis (plates and capillary) and use with DNA analysis. specific (gas and liquid).W. Instrumentation. Spin- coupling. C. (8 Lectures) NMR spectroscopy: Principle. Banwell: Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy. and Atomic fluorescence. (4 Lectures) Electroanalytical Methods: Potentiometry & Voltammetry (4 Lectures) Radiochemical Methods (4 Lectures) X-ray analysis and electron spectroscopy (surface analysis) (4 Lectures) Reference books: Principles of Instrumental Analysis . Excitation and getting sample into gas phase (flames. electrical field). Wavelength separation and resolution (dependence on technique). time and multiple separations.N. Separation based on increasing number of factors (volatility. James Holler. Electric quadrupole. Detection and interpretation (how this is linked to excitation). signal noise). and Stanley Crouch (ISBN 0-495-01201-7). Instrumental Methods of Analysis. Castellan: Physical Chemistry. 7th ed. Applications. Making liquids and solids into ions (electrospray. size. fast atom bombardment). Separation of ions on basis of mass to charge ratio. Magnetic. Importance of column technology (packing. Factors affecting chemical shift. Dean. P. liquid chromatography. Atomic spectroscopy: Atomic absorption. interactions with stationary phase. Skoog. Interpretation (errors due to molecular and ionic species. Time of flight. electrical discharge. Merritt. chemical ionization). Atomic emission. Detection as a means of further analysis (use of tags and coupling to IR and MS). other interferences). G. (16 Lectures) Elemental analysis: Mass spectrometry (electrical discharges). supercritical fluids. Atkins: Physical Chemistry. solubility. Detection of radiation (simultaneous/scanning. 88 . F. Detection: simple vs. plasmas). electrical discharges. Immunoassays and DNA techniques Mass spectroscopy: Making the gaseous molecule into an ion (electron impact. matrix effects. laser desorption.6th Edition by Douglas A.W. Willard. Resolution. Settle. capillaries).Chromatography: Gas chromatography. J. and Copper in Food by Atomic Absorption 9. Dean. Determination of the isoelectric pH of a protein. chloroform and carbon tetrachloride) 10. 4. CHEMISTRY LAB: INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS 60 Lectures 1. Settle. Determination of a Mixture of Cobalt and Nickel (UV/Vis spec. and Stanley Crouch (ISBN 0-495-01201-7).6th Edition by Douglas A. Iron. Fibre analysis At least 10 experiments to be performed. F. 16. IR Absorption Spectra (Study of Aldehydes and Ketones) 8. Use of fluorescence to do “presumptive tests” to identify blood or other body fluids. W. Detection of illegal drugs or steroids in athletes 23. James Holler. Collection. Reference Books: Principles of Instrumental Analysis . Determination of the void volume of a gel filtration column.. Use of sequencing for the analysis of mitochondrial DNA 20.e. Separation of Carbohydrates by HPLC 11. 3. 7th ed. Use of “presumptive tests” for anthrax or cocaine 17. preservation. Merritt. Instrumental Methods of Analysis. Cyclic Voltammetry of the Ferrocyanide/Ferricyanide Couple 14. Laboratory analysis to confirm anthrax or cocaine 21. Safety Practices in the Chemistry Laboratory 2.e. 5. Titration curve of an amino acid.) 6. acetone in water) 7. Quantitative Analysis of Mixtures by Gas Chromatography (i. Willard. Skoog. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DISCIPLINE CENTRIC ELECTIVE CHEMISTRY DISCIPLINE CENTRIC ELECTIVE CHEMISTRY 89 . Determination of Calcium.. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 15. Study of Electronic Transitions in Organic Molecules (i. Use of capillary electrophoresis with laser fluorescence detection for nuclear DNA (Y chromosome only or multiple chromosome) 19. Brian Smith: Infrared Spectral Interpretations: A Systematic Approach. Detection in the field and confirmation in the laboratory of flammable accelerants or explosives 22. Moore: Physical Chemistry. and control of blood evidence being used for DNA testing 18. Potentiometric Titration of a Chloride-Iodide Mixture 13. Detection of pollutants or illegal dumping 24. Determination of Caffeine in Beverages by HPLC 12. variable valency.CHEMISTRY OF D-BLOCK ELEMENTS. (12 Lectures) Coordination Chemistry Valence Bond Theory (VBT): Inner and outer orbital complexes of Cr. 90 . (10 Lectures) Section B: Physical Chemistry-4 (30 Lectures) Quantum Chemistry & Spectroscopy Spectroscopy and its importance in chemistry. IUPAC system of nomenclature. Fe and Cu. Lanthanoids and actinoids: Electronic configurations. Spectrochemical series. Jahn-Teller distortion. Types of spectroscopy. Comparison of CFSE for Oh and Td complexes. Crystal field effects for weak and strong fields. Co. separation of lanthanides (ion exchange method only). Ni and Cu (coordination numbers 4 and 6). Fe. magnetic properties. Square planar coordination. Practicals-02) Theory: 60 Lectures Section A: Inorganic Chemistry-3 (30 Lectures) Transition Elements (3d series) General group trends with special reference to electronic configuration. Difference between atomic and molecular spectra. octahedral symmetry. Wave-particle duality. magnetic and catalytic properties. Tetrahedral symmetry. colour. Electromagnetic radiation and its interaction with matter. rotational. Link between spectroscopy and quantum chemistry. Tetragonal distortion of octahedral geometry. oxidation states. Structural and stereoisomerism in complexes with coordination numbers 4 and 6. colour. ability to form complexes and stability of various oxidation states (Latimer diagrams) for Mn. Crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE). QUANTUM CHEMISTRY & SPECTROSCOPY (Credits: Theory-04. Factors affecting the magnitude of D. Born- Oppenheimer approximation: Separation of molecular energies into translational. vibrational and electronic components. Drawbacks of VBT. lanthanide contraction. (8 Lectures) Crystal Field Theory Crystal field effect. Vibrational Motion: Schrödinger equation of a linear harmonic oscillator and brief discussion of its results (solution not required). quantization. CHEMISTRY LAB: CHEMISTRY OF D-BLOCK ELEMENTS.. Ltd. Gary Wulfsberg: Inorganic Chemistry. F. Narosa (1998). QUANTUM CHEMISTRY & SPECTROSCOPY 60 Lectures Section A: Inorganic Chemistry 91 . bathochromic and hypsochromic shifts. Structural information derived from vibrational spectra.S. Ltd. J. Petrucci: General Chemistry 5th Ed. Quantum efficiency and reasons for high and low quantum yields. normalization of wavefunctions. Viva Books Pvt. Narosa (2004). Shriver and P. W. Primary and secondary processes in photochemical reactions. D. D. J. concept of zero-point energy. B. John Wiley. Photoelectric cells. IR spectra of diatomic molecules. Atkins: Inorganic Chemistry. Kotz. auxochromes. Townsend: General Chemistry. Wilkinson: Basic Inorganic Chemistry. Oxford University Press. F.L. Photochemical and thermal reactions. Lee: A New Concise Inorganic Chemistry. R.B. Cotton & G. (24 Lectures) Photochemistry Laws of photochemistry. Mahan: University Chemistry 3rd Ed. chromophores. Microwave (pure rotational) spectra of diatomic molecules. P. Castellan: Physical Chemistry 4th Edn. Particle in a 1-D box (complete solution). Group frequencies. H. Free Electron model and its application to electronic spectra of polyenes. New Delhi (2009). M. Macmillan Publishing Co. Free particle. G. Cengage Lening India Pvt. C. M. R. Selection rules.: New York (1985). Fluorescence and phosphorescence. W. Quantization of rotational energy levels. Electronic Spectroscopy: Electronic excited states. Structural information derived from rotational spectroscopy.Postulates of quantum mechanics. Lambert-Beer’s law. Selection rules.and intramolecular) and substitution on vibrational frequencies. Quantization of vibrational energy levels.A. Effect of hydrogen bonding (inter. Colour and constitution. (6 Lectures) Reference Books: G. Treichel & J. Barrow: Physical Chemistry Tata McGraw Hill (2007). H. Vibrations of polyatomic molecules. E. Rotational Motion: Schrödinger equation of a rigid rotator and brief discussion of its results (solution not required). quantum mechanical operators. Colourimetry I. Record the 200-350 nm UV spectra of the given compounds (acetone.I. B. II. Qualitative Inorganic Analysis. Vogel. R. 7th Edn. 3. 2-propanol. 6. acetic acid) in water. Estimation of (i) Mg2+ or (ii) Zn2+ by complexometric titrations using EDTA. Estimation of total hardness of a given sample of water by complexometric titration.D. 1. Study the 200-500 nm absorbance spectra of KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7 (in 0. Prentice Hall.salicylic acid complex / Fe2+ - phenanthroline complex in solution by Job’s method. A. Prentice Hall. POLYNUCLEAR HYDROCARBONS AND UV. Section B: Physical Chemistry UV/Visible spectroscopy I. Estimation of the amount of nickel present in a given solution as bis(dimethylglyoximato) nickel(II) or aluminium as oxinate in a given solution gravimetrically. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. Verify Lambert-Beer’s law and determine the concentration of CuSO4/KMnO4/K2Cr2O7 in a solution of unknown concentration II. concentration) for various concentrations of a given coloured compound and estimate the concentration of the same in a given solution. Determination of concentration of Na+ and K+ using Flame Photometry. 4. Analyse the given vibration-rotation spectrum of HCl(g) Reference Books: A.1 M H2SO4) and determine the λmax values. 5. Chand & Co. Calculate the energies of the two transitions in different units (J molecule-1. 6th Edn. acetaldehyde. Comment on the effect of structure on the UV spectra of organic compounds. Determination of the composition of the Fe3+ . Vogel. IR SPECTROSCOPY 92 .I. kJ mol-1. To draw calibration curve (absorbance at λmax vs. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry. BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Khosla. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DISCIPLINE CENTRIC ELECTIVE CHEMISTRY ORGANOMETALLICS. Study the pH-dependence of the UV-Vis spectrum (200-500 nm) of K2Cr2O7. 2. III. cm-1. eV). Role of metal ions present in biological systems with special reference to Na+. Na3[Co(NO2)6]. Role of Mg2+ ions in energy production and chlorophyll. Pyrrole. Role of Ca2+ in blood clotting. Thiophene.(MO diagram of CO can be referred to for synergic effect to IR frequencies). A study of the following compounds (including preparation and important properties). Peroxo compounds of Cr. structure. p and multicentre bonds). (Credits: Theory-04. Structures of methyl lithium. (6 Lectures) Active methylene compounds: Preparation: Claisen ester condensation. K4[Fe(CN)6]. Preparation. and Pyridine. Furan. stabilization of protein structures and structural role (bones). Anthracene . Zeiss salt and ferrocene. Synergic effects (VB approach). p-acceptor behaviour of carbon monoxide. Ni and Co. K+ and Mg2+ ions: Na/K pump. EAN rule as applied to carbonyls. KMnO4. [Co(NH3)6]Cl3. sodium nitroprusside. (6 Lectures) Organometallic Compounds Definition and Classification with appropriate examples based on nature of metal-carbon bond (ionic. s. Practicals-02) Theory: 60 Lectures Section A: Inorganic Chemistry-4 (30 Lectures) Chemistry of 3d metals Oxidation states displayed by Cr. (12 Lectures) Section B: Organic Chemistry-4 (30 Lectures) Polynuclear and heteronuclear aromatic compounds: Properties of the following compounds with reference to electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution: Naphthalene. Fe. 93 . Co. Keto-enol tautomerism. K2Cr2O7. bonding and properties of mononuclear and polynuclear carbonyls of 3d metals. (12 Lectures) Bio-Inorganic Chemistry A brief introduction to bio-inorganic chemistry. Pearson Publication.B.A.C. carboxylic acids and their derivatives (effect of substitution on >C=O stretching absorptions). chromophore. S. Electromagnetic radiations. Co2+. F. J. IR spectra of alkanes. Application of electronic spectroscopy and Woodward rules for calculating l max of conjugated dienes and α. aldehydes. alkenes and simple alcohols (inter and intramolecular hydrogen bonding). Arun Bahl and B. G. Bassler & T. CHEMISTRY LAB 60 Lectures Section A: Inorganic Chemistry 1. Huheey. Peter Sykes: A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry. Dyer: Applications of Absorption Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds. John Wiley & Sons. Pearson Publication. John Wiley & Sons.S. Cotton & G. G. Chand.C. functional group and fingerprint region. R. ketones. ultraviolet and Infrared spectroscopy in organic molecules.Reactions: Synthetic uses of ethylacetoacetate (preparation of non-heteromolecules having upto 6 carbon).N. A13+ and Cr3+ or Paper chromatographic separation of Ni2+.β – unsaturated compounds. Tarr: Inorganic Chemistry. Morrison & R. S. electronic transitions. E. Infrared radiation and types of molecular vibrations. (Combination of two ions to be given) Paper chromatographic separation of Fe3+.D.L. Bahl: Advanced Organic Chemistry.M. Boyd: Organic Chemistry. Separation of mixtures by chromatography: Measure the Rf value in each case.S. I & II). E. I. auxochrome. Prentice Hall. Ellen Keiter & Richard Keiter: Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity. Mn2+ and Zn2+ 2. (6 Lectures) Application of Spectroscopy to Simple Organic Molecules Application of visible. Lee: A New Concise Inorganic Chemistry. Wilkinson: Basic Inorganic Chemistry. Morrill: Spectroscopic Identification of Organic Compounds.L. (18 Lectures) Reference Books: James E. Silverstein. Prentice Hall.L.L. Orient Longman. John R. Finar: Organic Chemistry (Vol. bathochromic and hypsochromic shifts. Miessler & Donald A. R.B. λmax & εmax. Preparation of any two of the following complexes and measurement of their conductivity: (i) tetraamminecarbonatocobalt (III) nitrate 94 .T. A. phenolic. Vogel: Quantitative Chemical Analysis. amide. Mann & B. 7th Edn. Reference Books: A.(ii) tetraamminecopper (II) sulphate (iii) potassium trioxalatoferrate (III) trihydrate Compare the conductance of the complexes with that of M/1000 solution of NaCl. F. nitro.I. Vogel: Qualitative Inorganic Analysis. Orient Longman (1960). Section B: Organic Chemistry Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis of Organic Compounds possessing monofunctional groups (-COOH. Prentice Hall. Prentice Hall. C. 5th Edn. ketonic. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 95 . 6th Edn. amines) and preparation of one derivative. Prentice Hall. MgCl2 and LiCl3. aldehydic.I. A. G. Vogel: Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry.I. Saunders: Practical Organic Chemistry. Haworth projections. Iodine number. Trans fats. structure of disacharrides (sucrose. Enzyme inhibitors and their importance. Oils and fats: Common fatty acids present in oils and fats. Unit 4: Nucleic Acids (10 Lectures) Components of Nucleic acids: Adenine. phospholipids. Synthesis of simple peptides (upto dipeptides) by N-protection (t-butyloxycarbonyl and phthaloyl) & C-activating groups and Merrifield solid phase synthesis. Genetic Code. reducing and non reducing sugars. factors affecting enzyme action. Cyclic structure of fructose. Cyclic structure of glucose. Epimers. Practicals-02) Theory: 60 Lectures Unit 1: Carbohydrates (10 Lectures) Classification of carbohydrates. Unit 5: Lipids (8 Lectures) Introduction to lipids. Peptides and Proteins (12 Lectures) Classification of Amino Acids. Overview of Primary. Structure of polynucleotides. and steroids (cholesterol). Coenzymes and cofactors and their role in biological reactions. Tertiary and Quaternary structure of proteins. Determination of primary structure of peptides. binding role of –OH group. Omega fatty acids. guanine . Saponification value. Unit 2: Amino Acids. phenomenon of inhibition(Competitive and Non competitive inhibition including allosteric inhibtion ). other components of nucleic acids. lactose) and polysacharrides (starch and cellulose) excluding their structure elucidation. Biological importance of triglycerides.thymine and Cytosine (Structure only).-NH2 group. classification. their open chain structure. 96 . Secondary. double bond and aromatic ring. Nucleosides and nucleotides (nomenclature). Structure of DNA (Watson-Crick model) and RNA(types of RNA). Transcription and Translation. Structure –activity relationships of drug molecules. determination of N-terminal amino acid (by DNFB and Edman method) and C–terminal amino acid (by thiohydantoin and with carboxypeptidase enzyme). General Properties of Glucose and Fructose. maltose. Specificity of enzyme action(Including stereospecifity) . Hydrogenation. Drug action-receptor theory. Linkage between monosachharides. Zwitterion structure and Isoelectric point. Unit 3: Enzymes and correlation with drug action (12 Lectures) Mechanism of enzyme action. mutarotation and anomers. Biological roles of DNA and RNA: Replication. DISCIPLINE CENTRIC ELECTIVE CHEMISTRY MOLECULES OF LIFE (Credits: Theory-04. Determination of configuration of Glucose (Fischer proof). glycolipids. . proteins and fats.G. Ltd. Tatchell. Nelson. L. 2. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1). ELBS. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography 2.Unit 6: Concept of Energy in Biosystems (8 Lectures) Calorific value of food. Interrelationships in the metabolic pathways of Proteins.. W. (Pearson Education). 5. Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Recommended Texts: 1. Rogers. Vogel’s Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry. A. Finar.J. 97 . Conversion of food into energy. N. & Aggarwal. Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry.. Ltd. W. Outline of catabolic pathways of Carbohydrate. H. B. Action of salivary amylase on starch 5.W. R. To synthesise aspirin by acetylation of salicylic acid and compare it with the ingredient of an aspirin tablet by TLC. To determine the concentration of glycine solution by formylation method. 4. D. Oxidation of foodstuff (organic molecules) as a source of energy for cells. Organic Chemistry (Volume 2). ATP hydrolysis and free energy change. & Stryer. 7. CHEMISTRY LAB 1. 3. H. I. Organic Chemistry. 3. Fermentation. L.. To determine the saponification value of an oil/fat. V. Overview of catabolic pathways of Fats and Proteins. Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. (Pearson Education). L. Berg.R. Universities Press.. Ahluwalia. R. J. Furniss.S. P. Introduction to Metabolism (catabolism. & Boyd. To determine the iodine value of an oil/fat 8.. Krebs Cycle. Effect of temperature on the action of salivary amylase on starch. anabolism). V. M. L.Glycolysis. (Pearson Education). Tymoczko. ATP: the universal currency of cellular energy. Freeman. L. T. M. Freeman. Biochemistry 7th Ed. R. J. Extraction of DNA from onion/cauliflower 10.. Standard caloric content of carbohydrates. A. Ltd. Recommended Texts: 1. 9. Morrison. Fats and Carbohydrates. Smith.K. Study of titration curve of glycine 4. 6. Differentiate between a reducing/ nonreducing sugar. Finar. Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry 7th Ed. 2. I. Hannaford. Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. & Cox. M. Skill Enhancement Courses 98 . characteristics – crop response to Azotobacter inoculum. H. (8 Lectures) Unit 5:Organic farming – Green manuring and organic fertilizers. 2005. Sathe.Chand & Co. (8 Lectures) Unit 3:Cyanobacteria (blue green algae). identification. associative effect of different microorganisms. mass multiplication. Kumaresan. carrier based inoculants. 4. Recycling of bio- degradable municipal. and its influence on growth and yield of crop plants. 2004 Vermiculture and Organic Farming. Vayas. Dubey. New Delhi. and Modi.. taxonomy. Azolla and Anabaena azollae association. Emkay Publication. Biotechnology. 1998 Bio-fertilizers and organic Farming Akta Prakashan. 2000.C. Subha Rao. types of mycorrhizal association. Nadiad 99 . Azotobacter: classification. Vayas. Skill Enhancement Course Biofertilizers (Credits 2) Lectures: 30 Unit 1:General account about the microbes used as biofertilizer – Rhizobium – isolation. (6 Lectures) Suggested Readings 1. Daya publishers. R. S. blue green algae and Azolla in rice cultivation. phosphorus nutrition. occurrence and distribution. 6. New Delhi. 5. 2004. Saras Publications. Oxford & IBH Publishers.A.S. 2. N. Soil Microbiology. maintenance and mass multiplication.S.C. nitrogen fixation. Outlines of Plant Biotechnology.V. agricultural and Industrial wastes – biocompost making methods. Actinorrhizal symbiosis. 3. growth and yield – colonization of VAM – isolation and inoculum production of VAM. factors affecting growth. (4 Lectures) Unit 4: Mycorrhizal association. types and method of vermicomposting – field Application. T. John Jothi Prakash. V. New Delhi. 2005 A Text book of Biotechnology S. E. New Delhi. (4 Lectures) Unit 2: Azospirillum: isolation and mass multiplication – carrier based inoculant. Delhi. International Book Distributors. V.Nayar and I.K.S.Phytochemical screening tests for secondary metabolites (alkaloids. Withania somnifera (drugs acting on nervous system). 1999. 5. The indigenous drugs of India.Herbal foods-future of pharmacognosy) (4 Lectures) Suggested Readings 1. Fenugreek.V. cultivation . London. Kanny.active principles and methods of their testing . Mangal Deep Publications. Dey and Raj Bahadur. triterpenoids. Lall. 2.systematic position m edicinal uses of the following herbs in curing various ailments. Skill Enhancement Course Herbal Technology (Credits 2) Lectures: 30 Unit 1: Herbal medicines: history and scope . New Delhi.N. 1998. neem and tulsi. Clerodendron phlomoides (anti-rheumatic) and Centella asiatica (memory booster).Chopra. C. phenolic compounds) (8 Lectures) Unit 5: Medicinal plant banks micro propagation of important species (Withania somnifera. Pharmacognosy. 6.processing . 100 . Catharanthus roseus (cardiotonic).Kokate et al.I. steroids. 4.harvesting . Anne Green.role of medicinal plants in Siddha systems of medicine. Glossary of Indian medicinal plants. Herbal plants and Drugs Agnes Arber. Principles of Ayurveda. Light and Miller. Nirali Prakashan. Ginger.types. Bryan. (6 Lectures) Unit 3: Phytochemistry . 3. 2000. (6 Lectures) Unit 2: Pharmacognosy .Chopra. 7. (6 Lectures) Unit 4: Analytical pharmacognosy: Drug adulteration .identification and utilization of the medicinal herbs.definition of medical terms .C. flavonoids. Miller. Tulsi. 1999.C. S.L. Ayurveda and Aromatherapy.R. Thomsons. Banarsidass. 1956. Ayurvedic drugs and their plant source. Sivarajan and Balachandran Indra 1994. 1984. R. methods of drug evaluation - Biological testing of herbal drugs .storage - marketing and utilization of medicinal plants. Oxford IBH publishing Co. Dr. Indian Goose berry and Ashoka. brinjal.. objectives and scope and building up of infrastructure for nursery. New Delhi.K.Planting .Seed dormancy. planning and seasonal activities . Horticultural Science.Study of cultivation of different vegetables: cabbage. M. P.. Janick Jules. garlic. of Agriculture and Cooperation. treatment of cutting.)..parks and its components . management of pests and diseases and harvesting. Introduction to Horticulture. 1989.green house .direct seeding and transplants. 4. tomatoes. USA. D.plant materials and design - computer applications in landscaping ..Gardening operations: soil laying. selection of cutting. shed root. 1997. genetic erosion . factors affecting seed viability.K. 6.Storage and marketing procedures. Kumar. and carrots . shade house and glass house. (6 Lectures) Suggested Readings 1. 1979. Freeman and Co. collecting season. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.K. Plant Propagation. 1993. 2. National Seed Corporation Ltd. (8 Lectures) Unit 5: Sowing/raising of seeds and seedlings .. McGraw Hill Book Co. Fundamentals of Horticulture. Dept. Bangalore.. New Delhi. Bose T. watering. 3. W. N. Rajalakshmi Publications. causes and methods of breaking dormancy . 101 . cutting.different types of gardening - landscape and home gardening . (6 Lectures) Unit 4: Gardening: definition.Transplanting of seedlings .. Agrawal. (3rd Ed. rooting medium and planting of cuttings .seed testing and certification.Seed production technology . Wile Eastern Ltd. Skill Enhancement Course Nursery and Gardening (Credits 2) Lectures: 30 Unit 1: Nursery: definition.H. Edmond Musser & Andres. Gardening in India. lady’s finger. Sandhu. San Francisco. & Mukherjee. objectives and scope . manuring. 5. (4 Lectures) Unit 2: Seed: Structure and types . onion. Hand Book of Seed Technology. Madras. Nagercoil..mist chamber.Hardening of plants . 1972.Seed storage: Seed banks. New Delhi. (6 Lectures) Unit 3:Vegetative propagation: air-layering. Herbaceous perennials. Importance and scope of floriculture and landscape gardening. Skill Enhancement Course Floriculture (Credits 2) Lectures: 30 Unit 1: Introduction: History of gardening. Methods to prolong vase life. Mulching. Defoliation. and Mukhopadhyay. Mughal and Japanese gardens. 1986. Topiary. Dahlia. A. Italian. Production and packaging of cut flowers. (8 Lectures) Unit 3: Ornamental Plants: Flowering annuals. Hedge. Wintering. Shading. Bonsai. Borders. Allied Publishers.Rose. Ferns and Selaginellas. Floriculture in India. (2 Lectures) Unit 2: Nursery Management and Routine Garden Operations: Sexual and vegetative methods of propagation. Divine vines. Water garden. 102 . (4 Lectures) Unit 5: Landscaping Places of Public Importance: Landscaping highways and Educational institutions. Cacti and succulents. Orchids). Cultivation of Important cut flowers (Carnation. Ornamental bulbous and foliage plants. Pricking. Indoor gardening. (6 Lectures) Unit 7: Diseases and Pests of Ornamental Plants. Features of a garden (Garden wall. Shrubbery. Cultivation of plants in pots. Gerbera. Fencing. Marigold. Lawn. Soil sterilization. Seed sowing. (4 Lectures) Unit 6: Commercial Floriculture: Factors affecting flower production. French. Some Famous gardens of India. Aster. Flower beds. Persian. Edging. (2 Lectures) Suggested Readings 1.S. Chrysanthemum. Role of plant growth regulators. Steps. (4 Lectures) Unit 4: Principles of Garden Designs: English. Flower arrangements. Stopping or pinching. Shade and ornamental trees. Gladiolous. Randhawa. G. Lilium. Planting and transplanting. Palms and Cycads. 103 . propagation through cuttings. 2008. 2nd edn. India. Ethnobotany in India: Methods to study ethnobotany. infertility.Jaundice. Definition. plants used in Siddha medicine. its classification. Definition and Scope-Ayurveda: History.tabiya. ethnoecology. Propagation of Medicinal Plants: Objectives of the nursery. India. tumors treatments/ therapy. Agrobios. plants used in ayurvedic treatments. Skill Enhancement Course Medicinal Botany (Credits 2) Lectures: 30 Unit 1: History. layering. Blood pressure and skin diseases. sowing. pricking. grafting and budding. Application of natural products to certain diseases. Medicinal Plants: Ethnobotanical Approach. ethnomedicine. folk medicines of ethnobotany. Medicinal Plant Cultivation: A Scientific Approach. 2006. polyherbal formulations. origin. 2. Ex situ conservation: Botanic Gardens. Palaeo-ethnobotany. Indigenous Medicinal Sciences. important components of a nursery. Red list criteria. panchamahabhutas. Ethnomedicinal plant Gardens. diabetics. Purohit and Vyas. ethnic communities of India. Rasayana. (10 Lectures) Unit 3: Ethnobotany and Folk medicines. Basis of Siddha system. concept: Umoor-e. In situ conservation: Biosphere reserves. cardiac. sacred groves. use of green house for nursery production. (10 Lectures) Suggested Readings 1. National Parks. Unani: History. Definition: endemic and endangered medicinal plants. Trivedi P C. Siddha: Origin of Siddha medicinal systems. Agrobios. Applications of Ethnobotany: National interacts. (10 Lectures) Unit 2: Conservation of endangered and endemic medicinal plants. Scope and Importance of Medicinal Plants. 104 . saptadhatu and tridosha concepts. Species diversity. WWF. Biodiversity legislation and conservations. (8 Lectures) Unit 3:Conservation of Biodiversity: Conservation of genetic diversity. NBPGR. Wood and its uses. Oxford and IBH Publications Co. Biodiversity information management and communication. Sustainable development. In situ and ex situ conservation. wild taxa. (8 Lectures) Unit 2:Loss of Biodiversity: Loss of genetic diversity. a) Importance of forestry their utilization and commercial aspects b) Avenue trees. (2004). Uses of plants. UNESCO. (6 Lectures) Suggested Readings 1. species diversity and ecosystem diversity. UNEP. Precautionary principle. K. Projected scenario for biodiversity loss. New Delhi 105 . Loss of ecosystem diversity. Management of Plant Biodiversity: Organizations associated with biodiversity management-Methodology for execution-IUCN. Agrobiodiversity and cultivated plant taxa. Loss of agrobiodiversity. Loss of species diversity.Principles and Practices. Fruits and nuts: Important fruit crops their commercial importance. Values and uses of Biodiversity: Ethical and aesthetic values.Genetic diversity. (8 Lectures) Unit 4: Role of plants in relation to Human Welfare. Methodologies for valuation. Plant diversity at theecosystem level. Biodiversity awareness programmes. Uses of microbes. Krishnamurthy. c) Ornamental plants of India. An Advanced Text Book of Biodiversity . d) Alcoholic beverages through ages. Skill Enhancement Course Plant Diversity and Human Welfare (Credits 2) Lectures: 30 Unit 1: Plant diversity and its scope. Ltd.V. Pvt. Social approaches to conservation. Plants used by the tribals: a) Food plants b) intoxicants and beverages c) Resins and oils and miscellaneous uses. 5) S. New Delhi – 1981 3) Lone et al. Role of ethnic groups in conservation of plant genetic resources. d) Gloriosa superba e) Tribulus terrestris f) Pongamia pinnata g) Cassia auriculata h) Indigofera tinctoria.K. 2) S. Botanical Survey of India. Biopiracy. Major and minor ethnic groups or Tribals of India. Endangered taxa and forest management (participatory forest management). Scientific Publishers. Methods and approaches in ethnobotany. Jain. Jaipur-1996 9) 106 . Ethnobotany as an interdisciplinary science. Jain (ed. Jain. Jain (ed. John Wiley and sons – Chichester 7) Rama Ro. and their life styles. (8 Lectures) Suggested Readings 1) S.) Glimpses of Indian. concept. Howrah. 1995. Scientific publishers.K. scope and objectives. Contributions of Indian ethnobotny. Jodhpur. Skill Enhancement Course Ethnobotany (Credits 2) Lectures: 30 Unit 1: Ethnobotany Introduction. Role of ethnobotany in modern medicine with special example Rauvolfia sepentina.M. Sinha – Ethnobotany The Renaissance of Traditional Herbal Medicine – INA –SHREE Publishers. Lucknow.K. The Ethnobotany of Eastern Ghats in Andhra Pradesh. Intellectual Property Rights and Traditional Knowledge. (10 Lectures) Unit 4: Ethnobotany and legal aspects Ethnobotany as a tool to protect interests of ethnic groups. N and A. India.N.Significance of the following plants in ethno botanical practices (along with their habitat and morphology) a) Azadiractha indica b) Ocimum sanctum c) Vitex negundo. Society of ethnobotanists. 8) Rajiv K. The relevance of ethnobotany in the present context. Ethnobotany – Principles and applications. Sharing of wealth concept with few examples from India.. Palaeoethnobotany 4) S. Henry (1996). Artemisia. Manual of Ethnobotany. Ethnobotny. Jodhpur.Withania.K.) 1989. 1997. India. (6 Lectures) Unit 3: Role of ethnobotany in modern Medicine Medico-ethnobotanical sources in India. Oxford and I B H. 1990. (6 Lectures) Unit 2: Methodology of Ethnobotanical studies a) Field work b) Herbarium c) Ancient Literature d) Archaeological findings e) temples and sacred places. Trichopus zeylanicus. 6) Colton C. banana leaves. 2. Pleurotus citrinopileatus.Marketing in India and abroad. K.Volvariella volvacea.Low cost technology. (5 Lectures) Suggested Readings 1. Mittal Publications. inoculation loop. Mushroom cultivation. 4. R (1991) Oyster Mushrooms. history. II. Mysore Road. Nita Bahl (1984-1988) Hand book of Mushrooms. Crude fibre content .upto 24 hours) Long term Storage (canning. Tewari. Research Centres - National level and Regional level. preparation of spawn. (5 Lectures) Unit 2: Cultivation Technology : Infrastructure: substrates (locally available) Polythene bag. M.C. maize straw.paddy straw. 88. Coimbatore. Composting technology in mushroom production. (12 Lectures) Unit 3: Storage and nutrition : Short-term storage (Refrigeration . sieves. Factors affecting the mushroom bed preparation . vessels. Bangalore . Vol. Sivaprakasam.Carbohydrates. Agaricus bisporus. Nutrition . papads). low cost stove. Skill Enhancement Course Mushroom Culture Technology (Credits 2) Lectures: 30 Unit 1: Introduction. pickels. storage in saltsolutions. (1990) Food and Nutrition. No. Poisonous mushrooms. Cost benefit ratio . mushroom unit (Thatched house) water sprayer. Pure culture: Medium. Krishnamoorthy. multiplication. mineral elements nutrition . Pankaj Kapoor. Marimuthu. II Edition. Swaminathan.Vitamins.560018. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. A. Export Value. sterilization. sugarcane trash. S. tray. culture rack. and Jayarajan. Mushroom bed preparation . drying. I & Vol. (1988). (8 Lectures) Unit 4: Food Preparation : Types of foods prepared from mushroom. Nutritional and medicinal value of edible mushrooms. T. The Bangalore Printing and Publishing Co.. Department of Plant Pathology. Inoculation hook..S.Proteins - amino acids. small polythene bag. 107 . Bappco. Delhi. Ltd. 3. Types of edible mushrooms available in India . Unit 6:General Aquarium maintenance – budget for setting up an Aquarium Fish Farm as a Cottage Industry. Obesity and Mental ill-health. Plauge. First Aid and awareness on sporadic 108 . Unit 7:Health Education in India – WHO Programmes – Government and Voluntary Organizations and their health services – Precautions. Unit 3: Communicable diseases and their control measures such as Measles. Anemone fish and Butterfly fish. SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSES AQUARIUM FISH KEEPING (CREDITS 2) LECTURES: 30 Unit1:The potential scope of Aquarium Fish Industry as a Cottage Industry. Coronary Heart diseases. packing and forwarding techniques. Chikungunya. SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSES PUBLIC HEALTH AND HYGIENE (Credits 2) Lectures: 30 Unit 1:Scope of Public health and Hygiene – nutrition and health – classification of foods – Nutritional deficiencies . Unit 4 :Food and feeding of Aquarium fishes – Use of live fish feed organisms. Unit4: Non-Communicable diseases and their preventive measures such as Hypertension. Molly. Angel fish. Unit 3:Common characters and sexual dimorphism of Fresh water and Marine Aquarium fishes such as Guppy.Fish handling. Polio. Leprosy and AIDS. Unit 2:Environment and Health hazards – Environmental degradation – Pollution and associated health hazards. Preparation and composition of formulated fish feeds. Sword tail. Gold fish. Unit 5:Live fish transport . Rabies.Vitamin deficiencies. Blue morph. Diabetes. Stroke. Exotic and Endemic species of Aquarium Fishes. Induced fish breeding. Monoculture. Unit 5:Prevention and control of fish diseases. Unit 5:Management of a modern Poultry Farms – Progressive plans to promote Poultry as a Self-Employment venture. Polyculture and monosex culture. Rhode Island. water quality. marine ornamental species. temperature and accessories in Farm management viz Aerator.diseases. Dual purpose varieties. Unit 2:Classification of Fowls based on their use : Meat type such as Broilers. Protozoan and Parasitic Lice etc. 109 .. Bacterial. Egg type such as White Leghorn and Commercial layers. Game and Ornamental purpose varieties. SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSES POULTRY FARMING (Credits 2) Lectures: 30 Unit 1:External morphology of variety of Fowls such as Plymouth Rock. Red and White Leghorn. Prevention and precautions during vaccination. Unit 2:Fish farm Maintenance – Farm management technique. SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSES PISCICULTURE (Credits 2) Lectures: 30 Unit 1:Scope of Aquaculture. Minorca. Integrated fish farming Unit 4:Fish nutrition and fish formulations live fish live fish transport. Unit 3:Feeding Poultry – Management of Egg Layers – Management of Broilers in large scale farms. Filter. Fungal. Light Sussex. Unit 4:Poultry diseases Viral. Importance of cultivable fresh water. paddler Unit 3:Fish culture technique. Unit 3:Silkworm rearing operations – Chawki rearing and Late age rearing techniques. bacterial. Unit 2:Diseases of mulberry – fungal. Unit 2:Bee hive – Flora for apiculture – Selection of bees for apiculture. Deficiency diseases and their remedial measures. SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSES APICULTURE (Credits 2) Lectures: 30 Unit 1:History – Biology and classification of honey bee species of honey bees Social organization of honey bee colony. 110 . Prospects of Sericulture as Self-Employment venture. Chemical composition – Economic importance of Honey bee wax. Importance of by-products of Sericulture. Unit 4:Physical and commercial characters of Cocoons. SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSES SERICULTURE (Credits 2) Lectures: 30 Unit 1:Classification of commercial varieties of mulberry. Method of bee Keeping – Indigenous method of Extraction of honey Unit 3:Modern method of apiculture – Appliances for modern method. Unit 4:Products of bee keeping : Honey – Bee wax and Bee Yeman – Honey : Production. Unit 5:Bee enemies – Bee keeping industry – Recent efforts – Modern method in employing honey bees for cross pollination in horticultural gardens. Diseases of Honey bee and control measures. Mulberry plantation establishment and cultivation practices. Reeling operations. Unit 5:Economics of Sericulture – Future and progress of Sericulture Industry in India. viral and Nematode diseases. HANDS ON Introductory writing activities: Introduction to word processor and structure drawing (ChemSketch) software. standard deviation. bits. Algebraic operations on real scalar variables (e. chemical equations. numerical differentiation and integration (Trapezoidal rule.) into word processing documents.g. etc. variables. BASIC keywords and commands. Simpson’s rule). pH of a weak acid). e. volume of a van der Waals gas. Uncertainty in measurement: types of uncertainties. hierarchy of operations. relative error. Logical and relative operators. manipulation of van der Waals equation in different forms). Chemistry IT SKILLS FOR CHEMISTS (Credits: 02) 30 Lectures Mathematics Fundamentals. e.. Compiled versus interpreted languages. pH of a weak acid not ignoring the ionization of water. Computer programming: Constants. arithmetic expressions.g. expressions from chemistry (e. mathematical functions. logarithms. Debugging. interconversion of units. significant figures. Matrix addition and multiplication. Bragg’s law. binary and ASCII formats. numerical differentiation (e. entropy/enthalpy change from heat capacity data). Differential calculus: The tangent line and the derivative of a function. Numerical methods of finding roots (Newton-Raphson. plotting graphs. equilibrium constant expressions). polynomial expressions. Elements of the BASIC language. change in pressure for small change in volume of a van der Waals gas. Mean. Numerical integration (Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule. measurements in chemistry. Numerical curve fitting: the method of least squares (regression). Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law.g. decimal places. bytes. the exponential function. Newton-Raphson method).g.g. Data reduction and the propagation of errors.Roots of quadratic equations analytically and iteratively (e. Statistical treatment. BASIC programs for curve fitting. inbuilt functions. van der Waals equation. Graphical and numerical data reduction.g. Incorporating chemical structures. finding roots (quadratic formula. Uncertainty in experimental techniques: Displaying uncertainties. units of a measurement. equation of a straight line. constants and variables. Simple programs using these concepts. binary –bisection. combining quantities. 111 . Strings and graphics. potentiometric titrations). iterative. combining uncertainties. Statistical analysis. M. Mathematics for Physical Chemistry. A. Complexometric titrations. linear regression (rate constants from concentration- time data. Harris. E.g. spectral data. creating charts. H. nd Yates. P. The F test. Presentation of experimental data and results. Freeman (2007) Chapters 3-5. How to use Excel in analytical chemistry and in general scientific data analysis. Levie. Cambridge Univ. Programming in BASIC: Problem solving with structure and style. Graphical solution of equations..Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves as function of temperature and molecular weight). D. Concept of pH and pH measurement. molar extinction coefficients from absorbance data). Physical chemistry on a Microcomputer. Press (2001) 487 pages. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BASIC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (Credits: 02) 30 Lectures Introduction: Introduction to Analytical Chemistry and its interdisciplinary nature. pKa of weak acid). R. Jaico Publishing House: Delhi (1996). Noggle. Chemical calculations. C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. S. Concept of sampling. D. Mathematics for Physical Chemistry University Science Books (2008). basic functions and formulae. Numeric modelling: Simulation of pH metric titration curves. precision and sources of error in analytical measurements. 2 Ed. creating a spreadsheet. radial distribution curves for hydrogenic orbitals. Presentation: Presentation graphics Reference Books: McQuarrie. use of indicators 112 . Elsevier (2005). Statistical significance testing: The t test.Handling numeric data: Spreadsheet software (Excel). Importance of accuracy. 6th Ed. numerical differentiation (e. entropy/enthalpy change from heat capacity data). Analysis of soil: Composition of soil. handling data from potentiometric and pH metric titrations. Descriptive statistics using Excel. Little Brown & Co. tables and graphs. de. Chelating agents. gas kinetic theory. Excel functions LINEST and Least Squares. The Chemical Maths Book Oxford University Press (1996). (1985). plotting graphs using a spreadsheet (Planck’s distribution law. Numerical curve fitting. Steiner. 3 Ed. integration (e. Venit. Simple calculations. pressure-volume curves of van der Waals gas (van der Waals isotherms).g. Statistical analysis: Gaussian distribution and Errors in measurements and their effect on data sets. data from phase equilibria studies. entering and formatting information. J. R. rd Mortimer. from the point of view of significant figures. Chelation. CRC Press (2007). Incorporating tables and graphs into word processing documents. c. b. 113 . Estimation of Calcium and Magnesium ions as Calcium carbonate by complexometric titration. Zinc oxide and Calcium carbonate by complexometric titration. chilli powder. Determination of ion exchange capacity of anion / cation exchange resin (using batch procedure if use of column is not feasible). sulphate. b. Chromatography: Definition. water sampling methods. Spectrophotometric Identification and Determination of Caffeine and Benzoic Acid in Soft Drink. TLC etc. boric acid. Determination of pH. To carry out analysis of gasoline. Paper chromatographic separation of mixture of metal ion (Fe3+ and Al3+). a. Analysis of deodorants and antiperspirants. Suggested Applications (Any one): a. Calcium oxide. Estimation of macro nutrients: Potassium. water purification methods. chloride. b. Analysis of food products: Nutritional value of foods. general introduction on principles of chromatography. coriander powder and pulses. To analyze arson accelerants. a. b. idea about food processing and food preservations and adulteration. Zn.a. b. a. Ion-exchange: Column. Suggested Instrumental demonstrations: a. turmeric powder. To study the use of phenolphthalein in trap cases. Analysis of cosmetics: Major and minor constituents and their function a. acidity and alkalinity of a water sample. Analysis of preservatives and colouring matter. etc. Identification of adulterants in some common food items like coffee powder. To compare paint samples by TLC method. Determination of constituents of talcum powder: Magnesium oxide. asafoetida. Determination of dissolved oxygen (DO) of a water sample. b. b. Analysis of water: Definition of pure water. Al. Spectrophotometric determination of Iron in Vitamin / Dietary Tablets. Calcium. sources responsible for contaminating water. Magnesium in soil samples by flame photometry. ion-exchange chromatography etc. Determination of pH of soil samples. c. paper chromatography. Vogel. D. Physical Biochemistry 2nd Ed. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis 6th Ed. 4. 8. Prentice Hall. Cooper. McCreary & Doris K. I. Willard. Harris. mills. C.. A. 11. Prentice Hall of India. 5.. Prentice Hall. J. Inc. Society Exploration of societal and technological issues from a chemical perspective. L.G. H.. distillation columns.. An introduction into the scope of different types of equipment needed in chemical technology. T. John Wiley and Sons. proteins and nucleic acids. Chemical and scientific literacy as a means to better understand topics like air and water (and the trace materials found in them that are referred to as pollutants). separation by absorption and adsorption. Hill.A. McGraw Hill. Saunders College Publishing.. A.. Chemistry for changing times 13th Ed. 10. CBS Publishers. Marcel Dekker. Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis 5th Ed.Y.e. N.H. J. Quantitative Chemical Analysis.Reference Books: 1. Fort Worth (1992). New York. A. extruders. Analytical Chemistry Notebook. A. Freifelder. Reference Book: John W. W. solar and renewable forms). Dean. R. H. Vogel. Instrumental Methods of Analysis. USA (1982). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY (Credits: 02) Theory: 30 Lectures Chemical Technology Basic principles of distillation. F. D. 2. 3. energy from natural sources (i. Freeman and Co. 6. 7. and molecular reactivity and interconversions from simple examples like combustion to complex instances like genetic engineering and the manufacture of drugs. materials like plastics and polymers and their natural analogues. solvent extraction. Scaling up operations in chemical industry. Terry W.Y. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 114 . Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry 6th Ed. Introduction to clean technology. D. The Tools of Biochemistry. I.M. emulgators.J. N. pumps. Day. Saunders College Publications. West. D. New York (1995). & Underwood. including reactors..W. 16 (1977). Instrumental Methods of Analysis. solid-liquid leaching and liquid-liquid extraction. Skoog. Skoog & Lerry. W. & Holler. USA. Kolb. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis 7th Ed. from fossil fuels and from nuclear fission.. A. Robinson. Freeman. 9. Quantitative Analysis. H. CHEMOINFORMATICS (Credits: 02) Theory: 30 Lectures Introduction to Chemoinformatics: History and evolution of chemoinformatics, Use of chemoinformatics, Prospects of chemoinformatics, Molecular Modelling and Structure elucidation. Representation of molecules and chemical reactions: Nomenclature, Different types of notations, SMILES coding, Matrix representations, Structure of Molfiles and Sdfiles, Libraries and toolkits, Different electronic effects, Reaction classification. Searching chemical structures: Full structure search, sub-structure search, basic ideas, similarity search, three dimensional search methods, basics of computation of physical and chemical data and structure descriptors, data visualization. Applications: Prediction of Properties of Compounds; Linear Free Energy Relations; Quantitative Structure-Property Relations; Descriptor Analysis; Model Building; Modeling Toxicity; Structure-Spectra correlations; Prediction of NMR, IR and Mass spectra; Computer Assisted Structure elucidations; Computer Assisted Synthesis Design, Introduction to drug design; Target Identification and Validation; Lead Finding and Optimization; Analysis of HTS data; Virtual Screening; Design of Combinatorial Libraries; Ligand-Based and Structure Based Drug design; Application of Chemoinformatics in Drug Design. Hands-on Exercises Reference Books: Andrew R. Leach & Valerie, J. Gillet (2007) An introduction to Chemoinformatics. Springer: The Netherlands. Gasteiger, J. & Engel, T. (2003) Chemoinformatics: A text-book. Wiley-VCH. Gupta, S. P. (2011) QSAR & Molecular Modeling. Anamaya Pub.: New Delhi. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BUSINESS SKILLS FOR CHEMISTS (Credits: 02) Theory: 30 Lectures Business Basics Key business concepts: Business plans, market need, project management and routes to market. Chemistry in Industry Current challenges and opportunities for the chemistry-using industries, role of chemistry in India and global economies. 115 Making money Financial aspects of business with case studies Intellectual property Concept of intellectual property, patents. Reference www.rsc.org ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (IPR) (Credits: 02) Theory: 30 Lectures In this era of liberalization and globalization, the perception about science and its practices has undergone dramatic change. The importance of protecting the scientific discoveries, with commercial potential or the intellectual property rights is being discussed at all levels – statutory, administrative, and judicial. With India ratifying the WTO agreement, it has become obligatory on its part to follow a minimum acceptable standard for protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights. The purpose of this course is to apprise the students about the multifaceted dimensions of this issue. Introduction to Intellectual Property: Historical Perspective, Different Types of IP, Importance of protecting IP. Copyrights Introduction, How to obtain, Differences from Patents. Trade Marks Introduction, How to obtain, Different types of marks – Collective marks, certification marks, service marks, Trade names, etc. Differences from Designs. Patents Historical Perspective, Basic and associated right, WIPO, PCT system, Traditional Knowledge, Patents and Healthcare – balancing promoting innovation with public health, Software patents and their importance for India. Geographical Indications 116 Definition, rules for registration, prevention of illegal exploitation, importance to India. Industrial Designs Definition, How to obtain, features, International design registration. Layout design of integrated circuits Circuit Boards, Integrated Chips, Importance for electronic industry. Trade Secrets Introduction and Historical Perspectives, Scope of Protection, Risks involved and legal aspects of Trade Secret Protection. Different International agreements (a) Word Trade Organization (WTO): (i) General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade (GATT), Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement (ii) General Agreement on Trade related Services (GATS) (iii) Madrid Protocol (iv) Berne Convention (v) Budapest Treaty (b) Paris Convention WIPO and TRIPS, IPR and Plant Breeders Rights, IPR and Biodiversity IP Infringement issue and enforcement – Role of Judiciary, Role of law enforcement agencies – Police, Customs etc. Economic Value of Intellectual Property – Intangible assets and their valuation, Intellectual Property in the Indian Context – Various laws in India Licensing and technology transfer. Reference Books: N.K. Acharya: Textbook on intellectual property rights, Asia Law House (2001). Manjula Guru & M.B. Rao, Understanding Trips: Managing Knowledge in Developing Countries, Sage Publications (2003). P. Ganguli, Intellectual Property Rights: Unleashing the Knowledge Economy, Tata McGraw-Hill (2001). Arthur Raphael Miller, Micheal H.Davis; Intellectual Property: Patents, Trademarks and Copyright in a Nutshell, West Group Publishers (2000). 117 Primary and secondary and tertiary structures of proteins: α-helix and β. Lipid membrane. characterization. cholesterol and bilirubin. Structure of DNA (Watson-Crick model) and RNA. Coenzymes and cofactors. classification. Stereospecificity of enzymes. Isolation and characterization of polysachharides. biological importance. urea. Enzymes: Nomenclature. Biological importance of triglycerides and phosphoglycerides and cholesterol. Krebs cycle. Enzymes: Nomenclature. Cellular currency of energy (ATP). Genetic Code. Jayashree Watal. Transcription and Translation. Anaemia. functions and biochemical functions of steroid hormones. Blood collection and preservation of samples. temperature on enzyme activity. Properties. Alcoholic and Lactic acid fermentations. Enzyme inhibitors. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ANALYTICAL CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY (Credits: 02) THEORY: 30 Lectures Basic understanding of the structures. denaturation of proteins. lipids and proteins: Review of concepts studied in the core course: Carbohydrates: Biological importance of carbohydrates. Intellectual property rights in the WTO and developing countries. Classification. Regulation. creatinine. Oxford. properties and functions of carbohydrates. Glycolysis. effect of pH.pleated sheets. Biochemistry of peptide hormones. Introduction to Biocatalysis: Importance in “Green Chemistry” and Chemical Industry. Lipids: Classification. Mechanism of enzyme action. Blood: Composition and functions of blood. Lipoproteins. Active site. Liposomes and their biological functions and underlying applications. Proteins: Classification. Biological roles of DNA and RNA: Replication. Introduction to Gene therapy. blood coagulation. Metabolism. estimation and interpretation of data for blood sugar. Oxford University Press. Isolation. Characteristics (mention of Ribozymes). enzyme inhibition. Biochemistry of disease: A diagnostic approach by blood/ urine analysis. 118 . Formation of urine. 2. G. Alan H Gowenlock: Varley’s Practical Clinical Biochemistry. 9. P.Urine: Collection and preservation of samples. John L Tymoczko. Twelve principles of Green Chemistry. Thomas M. with examples. Mikes. Talwar and M Srivastava: Textbook of Biochemistry and Human Biology. Lipids – qualitative. O. Carbohydrates – qualitative and quantitative. Cooper: Tool of Biochemistry. 3 Environmentally safe antifoulant. 6. Determination of the iodine number of oil. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GREEN METHODS IN CHEMISTRY (Credits: 02) Theory: 30 Lectures Tools of Green chemistry. R. 3.Burchard reaction. 4 CO2 as an environmentally friendly blowing agent for the polystyrene foam sheet packaging market. 8. 6. 5 Using a catalyst to improve the delignifying (bleaching) activity of hydrogen peroxide.A. 6 A new generation of environmentally advanced preservative: getting the chromium and arsenic out of pressure treated wood. Determination of protein by the Biuret reaction. Keith Wilson and John Walker: Practical Biochemistry. Practicals Identification and estimation of the following: 1. Lubert Stryer: Biochemistry. 2 Surfactants for Carbon Dioxide – replacing smog producing and ozone depleting solvents with CO2 for precision cleaning and dry cleaning of garments. Determination of nucleic acids Reference Books: T. A.L. Determination of cholesterol using Liebermann.G. Berg. Proteins – qualitative. 5. Jeremy M. Devlin: Textbook of Biochemistry. Isolation of protein. The following Real world Cases in Green Chemistry should be discussed: 1 A green synthesis of ibuprofen which creates less waste and fewer byproducts (Atom economy). Lehninger: Biochemistry. 7. Determination of the saponification number of oil. Chalmers: Laboratory Handbook of Chromatographic Methods. 119 . 4. Composition and estimation of constituents of normal and pathological urine. K. antibiotics (Chloramphenicol). Brooks/Cole 3. New ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY (Credits: 02) Theory: 30 Lectures Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Drug discovery. Reference Books: 1. David A. Vallabh Prakashan. lbuprofen). (ii) Antibiotics. antiviral agents (Acyclovir). Glutamic acid. Thomas L. Patrick: Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry. Central Nervous System agents (Phenobarbital. (2005) Environmental Studies. Reference Books: G. New Delhi. Foye. (2005) Environmental Chemistry. (iii) Lysine. antipyretic agents. Basic Retrosynthetic approach.E. Hakishan.. Cephalosporin. Vitamin B12 and Vitamin C. 120 . Synthesis of the representative drugs of the following classes: analgesics agents.I. Pitampura. Miller. lipsticks. A. Production of (i) Ethyl alcohol and citric acid. G. shampoo. hair spray. Trimethoprim). Mishra. creams (cold. face powder. Preparation of Aspirin and its analysis. V. anti- inflammatory agents (Aspirin. Ltd. B. nail enamel. UK.L. Vitamin B2. 8 Development of a fully recyclable carpet: cradle to cradle carpeting.T. Fermentation Aerobic and anaerobic fermentation. Sulphanethoxazol. New Delhi. 2. Penicillin. (2006) Environmental Science 11th edition.Zidovudine). Waverly Pvt. William O. Sulphacetamide. William: Principles of Medicinal Chemistry. Chloromycetin and Streptomycin. 7 Rightfit pigment: synthetic azopigments to replace toxic organic and inorganic pigments. Selective and Scientific Books. Lemke . Preparation of magnesium bisilicate (Antacid). suntan lotions. Oxford University Press. antibacterial and antifungal agents (Sulphonamides. Diazepam). Manahan S. paracetamol. Kapoor: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry. CRC Press 2. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CHEMISTRY OF COSMETICS & PERFUMES (Credits: 02) 30 Lectures A general study including preparation and uses of the following: Hair dye. HIV-AIDS related drugs (AZT. Practicals 1.Cardiovascular (Glyceryl trinitrate). antilaprosy (Dapsone). design and development. talcum powder. Gammexene. Muscone. Delhi. antiperspirants and artificial flavours. eucalyptus. Quinones ( Chloranil). Preparation of face cream. Preparation of enamels. Civetone. Preparation of shampoo. Classification of fuels and their calorific value. Sharma: Industrial Chemistry. Preparation of talcum powder. 4.K. Practicals 1. rose oil.vanishing and shaving creams). Goel Publishing House. 3. M. 2. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PESTICIDE CHEMISTRY (Credits: 02) 30 Lectures General introduction to pesticides (natural and synthetic). changing concepts of pesticides.C. Dhanpat Rai & Sons. 6. Essential oils and their importance in cosmetic industries with reference to Eugenol. structure activity relationship. Stocchi: Industrial Chemistry. sandalwood oil. Jain: Engineering Chemistry. Geraniol. 5. P. 3 Preparation of simple organophosphates. UK. Jasmone. phosphonates and thiophosphates Reference Book: R. Organophosphates (Malathion. Ellis Horwood Ltd. B. 121 . benefits and adverse effects. Carbamates (Carbofuran and carbaryl). Preparation of hair remover. Reference Books: E. Preparation of nail polish and nail polish remover. Jain. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FUEL CHEMISTRY (Credits: 02) 30 Lectures Review of energy sources (renewable and non-renewable).). Parathion ). synthesis and technical manufacture and uses of representative pesticides in the following classes: Organochlorines (DDT. Vol -I. John Wiley. Practicals 2 To calculate acidity/alkalinity in given sample of pesticide formulations as per BIS specifications. 2-phenyl ethyl alcohol. Meerut. Cremlyn: Pesticides. Anilides (Alachlor and Butachlor). carbonization of coal. LNG. Meerut. Refining and different types of petroleum products and their applications. P. clean fuels.Coal gas. cloud point. CNG. Sharma: Industrial Chemistry. Ellis Horwood Ltd. uses of coal tar bases chemicals. M. Lubricants: Classification of lubricants. lubricating oils (conducting and non-conducting) Solid and semisolid lubricants. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 122 . B. its composition. Butadiene. Coal gasification (Hydro gasification and Catalytic gasification). Jain. synthetic lubricants.K. Cracking (Thermal and catalytic cracking). synthetic fuels (gaseous and liquids).C. Petroleum and Petrochemical Industry: Composition of crude petroleum. Jain: Engineering Chemistry. Delhi.Coal: Uses of coal (fuel and nonfuel) in various industries. Propylene oxide. Isoprene. Fractionation of coal tar. Petrochemicals: Vinyl acetate. Goel Publishing House. Fractional Distillation (Principle and process). Stocchi: Industrial Chemistry. Toluene and its derivatives Xylene. Reforming Petroleum and non-petroleum fuels (LPG. requisites of a good metallurgical coke. bio-gas. producer gas and water gas—composition and uses. Properties of lubricants (viscosity index. Coal liquefaction and Solvent Refining. Reference Books: E. fuels derived from biomass). Dhanpat Rai & Sons. UK. fuel from waste. pore point) and their determination. Vol -I.