Body Armour and Food Container Plastic for Defence ApplicationsS.B.Yadaw Defence Materials and Stores Research & Development Establishment, G.T. Road, Kanpur -208013 Sr. No. 1. Items Utility Body Armour For protection of soldiers from bullets and fragments during combat conditions. 2. Food Container Plastic For facilitating soldiers to have hygienic and warm food during patrolling and combat duties. Personnel Protective Systems Against Ballistic and Blast Threats for Infantry Soldier Bullet Proof Jacket Ballistic - Provides protection to Heart, Lungs and other important organs Ballistic Helmet Ballistic - Provides protection to Head Boot Antimine Infantry- Blast - Provides Protection to Foot/Leg "Our Real Strength is Our Soldiers" "Compared to other countries, our soldiers are much more dedicated. They can go to any extent to protect their motherland," Opines the former Chief of the Army Staff, Gen VN Sharma (Retd) in an interview to VK Joshi on the occasion of Armoured Corps Day. Good intelligence.In complex terrain. it is vital that the infantryman is provided with Adequate protection. Clear communications and Rapid information flow. . Requirements of Protective Systems of Infantry Soldier Protection from threats Light weight and comfortable To enhance operational capabilities by incorporating advanced communication technologies . TYPES OF PROTECTION BALLISTIC -From Trauma -From Penetration BLAST -From Shock Waves -From Splinters and Fragments . made out of thick composite. It is hard enough that a bullet or other weapon is deflected. defeats high energy bullets. the armor material pushes out on the bullet with the same force (or nearly the same force) with which the bullet pushes in. ceramic or metal plates. . Soft body armor is not made out of soft materials. Hard body armor. so the armor is not penetrated. it is formed from advanced fibers that can be sewn into vests. That is.BODY ARMOUR Modern body armor is divided into two main categories: Hard body armor and Soft body armor. batteries etc. computer. GPS. water proof. .REQUIREMENTS FOR BODY ARMOUR Following features in body armour are essential Provide adequate protection to wearer from bullets Trauma should be minimum Less than 25mm/44mm Comfortable and light weight Easy to wear and take off Fabric should not be irritant to skin Added features like camouflage. pockets to store essential items. 4 3.65 Velocity (m/s) 400 730 835 850 854 Energy (KJ) 0.THREAT PERCEPTIONS Ammunitions Bullet Mass (gram) 5.40 7.62mm AP .65 7.6 2.52 9 mm SMC AK-47 7.65 7.85 9.62 SLR Dragnov 7.25 3.5 3. 7.3.8 2.03 and 0101.6 8.5 -3.CURRENT STATUS OF BODY ARMOUR .5 5.5 Remark Dyneema/ Spectra Two HAPs HAP With ceramic plate DMSRDE DMSRDE .5 7.5 2.5 ± 1. .5 .As defined in NIJ 0101.As defined in GSQR (Indian Army).10 5.5 ± 6. Ballistic Weight of Weight of Jacket level HAP (kg) (kg) III A III IV III A IV 1.5 1.5 2.04 (USA). AREAL DENSITY=BULK DENSITY X THICKNESS To stop a 7.AREAL DENSITY The areal density of a particular armour is defined as the mass of a 1 metre square Plate of the armour.62 mm AP round you need: 1m 28mm 1m Al RHA 14mm Thickness(mm) Density(Kg/m³) Areal Density(Kg/m²) 14 7830 110 28 2807 79 . 39 . The mass effectiveness of Aluminum that is required to stop a 7.62 mm AP round: Areal Density of RHA = 110 Kg/m² Areal Density of Al = 79 Kg/m² 110 = 79 1.MASS EFFECTIVENESS Of a particular armour for a specific threat: Areal density of RHA Mass Effectiveness= Areal density of Armour The mass effectiveness provides a direct indication of the weight saving achieved in applying the armour in comparison to RHA. elongation 14-18% Hardness 300-550 BHN. AlSl 4340 Composition.01-1.0. quenched and tempered.C(0.6).ROLLED HOMOGENEOUS ARMOUR Widely used in the 50s-80s.0). Cr(1.25. Rolled from ingots.75). . Fe. Rolling offers.35).25-0.5% ballistic performance advantage over similar cast steels.1.3. Typical UTS=772-926 MPa. Mo(0. Ni(0. PROTECTION (7.28-3.44 2.16 0.89-1.0 1.26 .62 MM AP) Armour Type Density (kg/m³) Areal Density (kg/m²) 114 98 79-128 35-50 Mass Effectiveness RHA (380 BHN) High Hardness Steel (550 BHN) Aluminum Armour Ceramic-faced Armour 7830 7850 2660-2807 2000-4450 1. Ceramic face .SMALL ARMS ATTACK Ductile backing aluminium. GRP) (Steel. SMALL ARMS ATTACK Projectile fractures or deforms Load spread onto backing . 7 1.4 5800 365 1.Ballistic Composite Fibres Material E-glass S-glass Aramid (Kevlar) Carbon (HS) PE (Dyneema Spectra) PBO (Zylon) Density 2.4 3.8 5.78 0.5 1.6 .9 1.6 2.45 1.2 1.97 Strength (MPa) 3500 4600 2900 3400 3200 Modulus Strain (%) (GPa) 72 86 120 390 99 4. Polymeric Ballistic materials Manufacturer Twaron Dupont DSM Honeywell Twaron Toyobo Type Aramid Aramid Polyethylene Aramid PBO Trade Name Twaron Kevlar Dyneema Goldflex Zylon Construction Woven Woven Uni-directional Uni-directional Woven Polyethylene Spectra shield Uni ±directional . 4 kgs 1.Ballistic materials for Hard armour TYPE Ceramic Steel UHMWPE Glass Ceramic WEIGHT** 2.6 kgs 3.5 kgs 1.9 kgs CONSTRUCTION Ceramic (alumina oxide) with aramid backing Tempered steel/specialised metals Pressed polyethylene Dyneema or Spectrashield Glass ceramic with aramid or UHMWPE backing ** 25cm x 30 cm combination plate to defeat NIJ level III ammunition . Dyneema¶s Ballistic Performance Threat DyneemaTM Armour (Kg/m2) 3.0 8.62 mm AP 7.62 mm Ball 5.0 Total Areal Density (Kg/m2) 3.0 Boron carbide 21.0 Strike Face (Kg/m2) None None Alumina tile 26.0 Alumina tile 30.0 9 mm 7.2 23.0 34.56 mm AP 7.62 mm AP .0 5.0 8.2 23.0 38.0 26. PRODUCERS OF BODY ARMOUR . AK 47. 7. Medium.SALIENT FEATURES OF GSQR Sr No 1 2 Features Cover Material Ammunitions GSQR 1095 Nylon 9 mm SMC ± SAP 7. Large and Extra Large 3 4 5 6 7 8 Trauma Inter shot Distance Area (Medium) HAP Area (Medium) Weight Sizes . Medium.62 SLR.5 kg Small.HAP 25 mm 50 mm 5500 cm2 3395 cm2 11 kg (Medium Size) Small.6 9 mm SMC ± SAP AK 47.62 Dragunov. Large GSQR 1293 Nylon 6.HAP 44 mm 25 mm 5000 cm2 1500 cm2 5. . Hard Armour Panel defeats 7.BULLET PROOF JACKET -III To Defeat NIJ Level III Ammunitions Light Weight Bullet Proof Jacket (BPJ) has been developed meeting the requirements of GSQR 1095.62 mm Ball ammunition and AK47 rifle from 10 m distance. Total weight of jacket (including two Hard Armour Plates) is 5. Main features of the jacket are: Soft Armour Panel defeats 9 mm KF bullet from a distance of 5 m.5 Kg. 56 mm INSAS ammunitions from 10 m distance.BULLET PROOF JACKET -IIIS To Defeat NIJ Level III Steel Core Ammunitions Light Weight Bullet Proof Jacket (BPJ) has been developed to defeat NIJ level III steel core ammunitions. Hard Armour Panel defeats 7.62 mm Dragunov Dual core and 5. Main features of the jacket are: Soft Armour Panel defeats 9 mm KF bullet from a distance of 5 m. Total weight of jacket (including two Hard Armour Plates) is 6.3 Kg. . 62 mm hard steel core ammunition from 25 m distance. Main features of the jacket are: Soft Armour Panel defeats 9 mm KF bullet from a distance of 5 m. Hard Armour Panel defeats 7.BULLET PROOF JACKET -IV To Defeat NIJ Level IV Ammunitions Light Weight Bullet Proof Jacket (BPJ) has been developed to defeat NIJ level IV ammunitions. Total weight of jacket (including two Hard Armour Plates) is 7. .5 Kg. (Warp) :180 N min. (Weft) : 200 N min.FEATURES OF GSQR 1293 Sr No 1 2 Features Design Cover Material GSQR 1293 Requirements Modular Nylon 6.6 Closely Woven rip stop Nylon 6. (Warp) : 27% Max.(Weft) : 27% Max. (Weft) Etc. . (Warp) : 900 N min.6 Mass/m2 Breaking strength Tearing Strength Elongation at break :140 gram : 1150 N min. FEATURES OF GSQR 1293 AND STATUS Sr No 3 SAP Features GSQR 1293 Requirements Front and Rear. Upper Arms with Trauma Pads Groin ± 500 cm2 Collar ± 500 cm2 Arms .One .5500-cm2 4 Area of components SAP each 5 Pockets with Flaps LMG Magazine ±Two Grenade ± Two Rifle Magazine ±Three Radio . Collar. Groin .350 cm2 Total . 8. Ammunitions to be Defeated . Features Velcro Fastener HAP Area (Medium) Size of HAP GSQR 1293 Requirements Peel Strength ± 125 N/cm (min) Shear Strength ± 750 N/cm sq (min) 3395 cm2 Front : 1750 cm2 Back : 1000 cm2 Throat: 270 cm2 Groin: 375 cm2 9 mm SMC and MP5 from 5 m ± SAP AK 47 from 10 m ± HAP Trauma 25 mm Inter Shot Distance 51 mm 9. 7.FEATURES OF GSQR 1293 AND STATUS Sr No 6. FEATURES OF GSQR 1293 AND STATUS Sr No 10 Weight Features GSQR 1293 Requirements Small: 10. 40 oC GSQR-1293 11 12 13 14 15 Colour Sizes Configuration Environment Governing Specifications .5 kg Medium: 11 kg Large: 11. Medium. Large and Extra Large Basic + 3 Upgrades -20 to 45 oC Hum 95%. Desert Small.5 kg Ex Large: 12 kg Camouflage ±Jungle. 62 mm SLR.5 kg 11 kg .VARIENTS OF BULLET PROOF JACKETS DEVELOPED BY DMSRDE Sr.25 kg 3. 4.80 kg 7.75 kg 4. 2. AK-47 & 5. 7 Threat 9 mm SMC 7.62 mm SLR & AK-47 7. No.62 mm SLR. 1. 3. 5.56 mm INSAS 7.62 mm SLR & AK-47 7.56 mm 7.3 kg 5. AK-47 & 5.0 kg 5.62 mm AP MP5 & AK-47 Protection 5000 cm2 Front 25x30 cm2 Front 25x30 cm2 Front & Back Front & Back Front & Back All around Weight of Jacket 2. 6. 2. Dyneema . All bullets stopped .No. Material Condition of Test Back Face Signature (mm) Remarks 1. All bullets stopped . Spectra Dry Trauma not more (18 Shots) than 20 mm. Dry Trauma not more (14 Shots) than 18 mm.Ballistic Trials of HAP Ammunition: AK-47 Firing Distance: 10 m S. The polymer fiber advantage . Strength of interphase. Resin content in Composite. Fibre pullout. Weave of fabric.FRACTURE MECHANISM ON FRP Fibre breakage. Fibre matrix debonding. Delamination FAILURE MODE DICTATED BY : Strength of fibre. Matrix cracking. Strength of matrix resin. . Angle of attack and calibre of the projectile. 8 0.5 0.7 SPECIFIC STRENGTH 0.6 Unidirectional 0.COMPARISON OF MATERIAL STRENGTHS 0.3 0.1 0 Quasi-isotropic Carbon Steel Aluminium 7039 Titanium GRP CRP MATERIALS .4 0.2 0. Low Weight .E GLASS Ballistic Perfornmance Mechanical Properties Fire Resistance Cost .High Poor Moderate Good Excellent . Moderate/ High Weight .Low .ARAMID Ballistic Perfornmance Mechanical Properties Fire Resistance Poor Moderate Good Excellent Cost . High Weight .UHMWPE Ballistic Perfornmance Mechanical Properties Fire Resistance Cost .Lowest Poor Moderate Good Excellent . ENERGY DISSIPATION TRADITIONAL WOVEN MATERIALS UNIDIRECTIONAL CROSSPLIED MATERIALS . 5. The Food Container Plastic can retain food to edible condition in cold climate of -250C for approximately 5 to 6 hours. Filled food container has been tested for drop weight test and concluded that it can be drop by Helicopter in case where road transport is tedious such as in high altitude region. .5 liters is its capacity and stored quantity of food in a food container is sufficient for approximately six people.Food Container Plastic Food Container Plastic has been design to keep food fresh and hot in cold climatic conditions. 5 Liters is made up of (HDPE) plastic. The food container is strong enough and food can be supplied by dropping filled food container in high altitude areas. Katordan and lid katordan made up of stainless steel. Its strength is enough so that one can use it as a stool and sit over it. .Characteristic Features Strength: The main (outer) body of Food Container Plastic 5. Storage Capacity: The storage volume of Food Container Plastic is 5. Stainless steel casing can be used as a big glass of water for storage of water. The quantity of water can be stored in the stainless steel casing is about 6 liters. .5 liters. It has four katordan and lid katordans. Food can be stored in this Food Container Plastic for approximately six person of normal diet. This provides higher level thermal insulation to Food Container Plastic. This thermal insulation checks the heat out flow from the stored food in cold climatic condition. .Thermal Insulation: Rigid polyurethane foam is filled between inner and outer wall of the main plastic (HDPE) body of Food Container Plastic. Corrosion Resistant: Stainless steel katordan and lid katordan of Food Container Plastic has been tested for corrosion resistance. . The Food Container Plastic is very good against corrosion even in adverse environmental conditions. this is very less as compared to excellent strength and thermal insulation provided by the Food Container Plastic. at this lower temperature. cracking etc.Cryogenic Resistant: The main body. the Food Container Plastic have not shown any contraction.5 kg. Light Weight: The weight of he total assembly of Food Container Plastic is 4. stainless steel katordan and lid katordanof Food Container Plastic shows excellent behaviour at lower temperature of -250C. . katordan etc Insulation Material 4. Component Outer container Material High density polyethylene Polypropylene Stainless steel Feature Drop/ impact resistant material Heat resistant Staining/ corrosion resistant Good insulating properties and compressive strength 2. Rigid Polyurethane foam . Inner container Clamp casing. 1. No.Material features Sr. 3. Insulation by rigid Polyurethane Foam in-situ.FOOD CONTAINER PLASTIC 5. Stainless steel Katordan & lids used with sturdy lamps. Keeps food warm for 4-6 hrs at ±20oC ambient temperature.5 LTRS FOR ECW The outer body is hard and tough and inner body has good insulation resistance. STATUS Recommended its introduction in Services. Indent has been raised for supply. . Inner casing specially designed stainless steel body. Technology transferred to trade for production and supply. FOOD CONTAINER PLASTIC 5.5 LTRS FOR ECW .