Book2ArmyListsJune14th08

DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.As of 16/08/11 DBMM ARMY LISTS BOOK 2 - THE CLASSICAL PERIOD, 500 BC TO 476 AD COMPILED AND EDITED BY PHIL BARKER These lists are intended for use with the “De Bellis Magistrorum Militum” wargames rules, more familiarly known as “DBMM”. While mainly intended for competition games, they also provide a general guide to armies’ troop classification and proportions for use in conjunction with more detailed sources, such as the W.R.G. army handbooks. Each list is designed to produce 300 AP to 500 AP armies that closely simulate their real life prototype, while still allowing sufficient flexibility to cover historical variations during the period and legitimate differences of opinion or personal preference. Most include about 200 AP of compulsory troops and allow greater freedom of choice for the remainder, this choice diminishing as the size of the army increases. AP are set to give armies approximately equal combat value over the full range of likely battlefield conditions and opponents. This is not an exact science! Most lists correspond to the previous DBM lists compiled by myself and Richard Bodley Scott, but have been extensively modified; both to provide the extra information required by DBMM, and in the light of 8 years further very high quality research by many people, including the TNE internet group and members of [email protected]. It is invidious to name individuals, but the researches of Duncan Head, Luke Ueda-Sarson and Jim Webster have been especially valuable. Although these lists have been very much a collective project and consensus has always been sought, this has not always been possible, and I alone am responsible for the final decisions. Where there is disagreement about the more obscure troop types or only minor doubt, I have sometimes chosen to specify only the interpretation I think most likely. This has been done not through hubris, but for the sake of simplicity, and to reduce the scope for tailoring of armies by over-competitive players. Where a decision has been finely balanced, I have chosen the interpretation producing the most realistic effect against the army’s historical opponents. The first part of each list comprises troops available throughout the historical time period covered. Some armies then have additional sub-lists of troops available only to particular historical generals, or only in specific geographical regions, or during only part of the period. An army including troops only available to a particular general cannot include troops available only to a different general. An army including troops only available in a particular geographical area cannot include troops available only in a different geographical area. An army including troops available only in a particular historical period cannot include troops available only during an incompatible historical period. An army must have a commander-in-chief (C-in-C) and at least one other general. No army can have more than four generals. Where troop types are separated by “or”, any mixture of them can be used, unless they are preceded by “all”, in which case, only one of the types can be used. When a ratio such as “up to ½” is used, this is half those used, not half the maximum permitted. ALLIES In most cases foreign allied contingents are specified by reference to their own list. Each such allied contingent must include a single general, who (unless exceptional reliability causes them to be specified in the employing army’s list as sub-generals) are ally-generals. Their type can be that of the allied contingent’s list’s specified C-in-C or sub-general. Unless otherwise specified in a particular list, the allied contingent can otherwise include only compulsory troop types, and must have at least a quarter of the specified minimum number of elements of each such type. It cannot include more than a third of the specified maximum number of each such type, or 1 element, whichever is greater. In some cases the maximum total number of elements that can be included in the allied contingent, including the general but not baggage elements, is specified. An allied command of less than 10 troop elements cannot have more than 1 baggage element. Allied troops cannot be used outside their own army’s date range, and can use only those options specified in their own list for the assisted army’s date, and any minima or maxima for upgrades are modified as above. The full allowance of troops listed in the form “0-1 per X” can be included for each “X” element included. An allied contingent cannot include allies of its own. Unless otherwise specified, only one foreign allied contingent of each nationality can be included. Where foreign allies do not have a suitable list of their own, their contingent is specified as an indented sub-list within a nation’s main list. In this case the minimum and maximum number of elements of each troop type will be as specified in that sub-list. Where ally generals are specified un-indented in a nation’s main list, such generals are of the same or a closely related nationality. Unlike foreign irregular ally generals, they will never change sides except in a civil war, and may then do so whether regular or irregular. Each such general’s command must, unless stated otherwise, include at least a quarter of the minimum number of each compulsory troop type. It can also include non-compulsory types. All elements count towards the total number of each type specified in the list. NAVAL Naval elements are included only if they played a significant part in a mainly land battle. Each replaces a land element of the list, of the type or types that follow it within brackets. For example, a Marian Roman quinquireme element Reg Gal (S) @ 6AP [Bd], replaces one of the compulsory or optional Blades elements of the army list, and can disembark that element. The AP quoted is for the quinquireme only. The Blades must still be paid for. Naval elements with no landing troops specified cannot provide landing parties. AP spent on naval elements are wasted if they have no access on to the table. Their landing troops and baggage can still be deployed, being assumed to have disembarked and joined the army prior to the battle. Landing troops, whose number is specified as equal to the number of available vessels, such as marines, seaman or oarsmen, cannot be used unless their vessels have been paid for. 1 DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. As of 16/08/11 FORTIFICATIONS Any army with BUA listed among its permitted terrain types can have sufficient permanent fortifications (PF) or temporary fortifications (TF) to enclose the on-table part of a BUA if it is the defender. PF must be part of a BUAf. No other PF are permitted. TF not enclosing a BUA can only be used if specified by the army’s list. Those specified as defending camps or baggage must have each end touching their side’s rear battlefield edge or a water feature or marsh and contain baggage. Points spent on fortifications other than those specified by the army’s list are wasted if the terrain includes no suitable BUA, or the army is the invader. CLIMATE, AGGRESSION AND TERRAIN The first line of each list’s heading specifies the army’s home climate, its aggression factor, and codes for the types of terrain that can be chosen if it is the defender. Types in underlined bold are compulsory. Where types are separated by “or”, only one of these types can be chosen. If they are separated by “and”, both or neither must be used. Even if not listed, a single patch of coastal sand dunes or marsh can always be used if successfully positioned in contact with a sea, or a single patch of marsh if successfully positioned in contact with a river. Terrain types are: S WW DH RH BUA Rd F O Wd BF G Sea. Waterway. Difficult steep hill. Rocky gentle low hill. Built-up area. FS L CH SH BUAf Sea that may freeze in Winter. Lake. Craggy steep hill. Scrubby gentle low hill. BUA if optionally allowed PF. Rv WH GH FW PRd B V D RF River. Wooded hill. Bare gentle low hill. Frontier wall. Paved road. Boundary hedge or wall. Vineyards. Sand dunes. Rocky flat ground. Unpaved roads or frequently used tracks. Large open fields. Orchard or olive grove. Wood. Boggy flat ground. Sunken gully. E Oa M SF Small enclosed fields. Desert oasis. Marsh. Scrub-covered flat ground. Hills are gentle if their slope gives a significant combat advantage but does not slow men or animals unless there is significant surface cover. Difficult hills have slopes that significantly slow movement, whatever their surface cover. Wooded hills can be steep or gentle. Slopes that do not give a significant advantage or slow movement are treated as flat ground and not represented as hills. The home terrain of an empire is assumed to be that of its heartland or capital, the centre of its power. The home terrain of a migration is that of the last region occupied before entering on the stage of world history. That of rebellious mercenaries is their previous area of operations. Terrain types are restricted to those that are typical of the area. Rarer types are allowed only if they significantly influenced a historical battle or were on a historically used invasion route. An oasis differs from an orchard in being of palm trees with often an under-crop or pool and usually being larger. NATURAL ENEMIES The armies that are most plausible historical enemies are listed by book and army number after the permitted home terrain TROOP TYPE ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviations used in these lists for troop types and artificial features are: El = Elephants. Exp = Expendables. Kn = Knights. Cv = Cavalry. LH = Light Horse. Cm = Camelry. Sp = Spears. Pk = Pikes. Bd = Blades. Wb = Warband. Ax = Auxilia. Bw = Bows. Sh = Shot. Ps = Psiloi. Art = Artillery. WWg = War Wagons. Hd = Hordes. Gal = Galleys. Shp = Ships. Bts = Boats. Bge = Baggage. Mtd = Mounted Infantry, PF = permanent fortifications, TF = temporary fortifications, FO = fixed obstacle, HO = FO used as a Hidden Obstacle stratagem, PO = portable obstacle. LANGUAGE Place names are those in English language histories and may differ from those in a modern atlas. Personal and technical names are those used by the people the list covers or their enemies, except for personal names familiar in their anglicised form such as Philip, Alexander and Pompey. Chinese names are transliterated using the old Wade-Giles system, which (unlike the modern Pinyin system favoured by the Chinese government) enables an English speaker to approximate Chinese pronunciation. Arabic names are transliterated by the usual modern system, but older systems differ in spelling not pronunciation - for example “Khalif” and “Caliph” are obviously the same word. 2 DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. As of 16/08/11 ARMIES INCLUDED 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Republican Indian. 500 BC - 321 BC. Mountain Indian. 500 BC - 170 BC. Classical Indian. 500 BC - 545 AD. Warring States and Ch’in Chinese. 480 BC - 202 BC. Later Hoplite Greek. 448 BC - 275 BC (235 BC if Siciliot or Italiot). 6. Bithynian. 435 BC - 74 BC. 7. Later Achaemenid Persian. 420 BC - 329 BC. 8. Campanian, Apulian, Lucanian or Bruttian. 420 BC - 203 BC. 9. Syracusan. 410 BC - 210 BC. 10. Camillan Roman. 400 BC - 275 BC. 11. Gallic. 400 BC - 50 BC. 12. Alexandrian Macedonian. 359 BC - 319 BC. 13. Samnite. 355 BC - 272 BC. 14. Ariarathid Kappadokian. 330 BC - 322 BC and 300 BC - 17 AD. 15. Alexandrian Imperial. 328 BC - 320 BC. 16. Asiatic Early Successor. 320 BC - 285 BC. 17. Lysimachid. 320 BC - 281 BC. 18. Macedonian Early Successor. 320 BC - 260 BC. 19. Seleucid. 320 BC - 69 BC. 20. Ptolemaic. 320 BC - 30 BC. 21. Ch’iang and Ti. 315 BC - 417 AD. 22. Arabo-Aramaean 312 BC - 240 AD. 23. Later Pre-Islamic Arab. 312 BC – 633 AD. 24. Early Rhoxolani Sarmatian. 310 BC - 100 AD. 25. Bosporan. 310 BC - 375 AD. 26. Siracae, Iazyges, Later Rhoxolani Sarmatians. 310 BC - 375 AD. 27. Pyrrhic. 300 BC - 272 BC. 28. Early Armenian and Gordyene. 300 BC - 627 AD. 29. Tien and K’un-Ming. 295 BC - 45 AD. 30. Galatian. 280 BC - 25 BC. 31. Hellenistic Greek. 275 BC - 146 BC. 32. Later Carthaginian. 275 BC - 146 BC. 33. Polybian Roman. 275 BC - 105 BC. 34. Attalid Pergamene. 263 BC - 129 BC. 35. Later Macedonian. 260 BC - 148 BC. 36. Graeco-Bactrian 250 BC - 130 BC and Graeco-Indian. 170 BC - 55 BC. 37. Parthian. 250 BC - 225 AD. 38. Hsiung-Nu or Juan-juan. 250 BC - 555 AD. 39. Ancient Spanish. 240 BC - 20 BC. 40. Numidian or Early Moorish. 215 BC - 25 AD. 41. Han Chinese. 202 BC - 189 AD. 42. Tamil Indian and Sinhalese. 175 BC - 1515 AD. 43. Maccabean Jewish. 168 BC - 104 BC. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. Commagene. 163 BC - 17 AD and 38 AD - 72 AD. Sicilian and Italian Slave Revolts. 135 BC - 71 BC. Kushan. 135 BC - 477 AD. Early German. l l5 BC - 250 AD. Mithridatic. l l0 BC - 47 BC. Marian Roman. 105 BC - 25 BC. Hasmonean Jewish. 103 BC - 63 BC. Late Judaean. 63 BC - 6 AD. Dacian. 60 BC - 106 AD, Carpi 106 AD - 380 AD. Ancient British. 55 BC - 75 AD. Scots-Irish. 55 BC - 842 AD. Nobades and Blemmye or Beja. 30 BC - 1500 AD. Early Imperial Roman. 25 BC - 197 AD. Later Moorish. 25 AD - 696 AD. Alan. 50 AD - 1500 AD. Jewish Revolt. 66 AD - 70 AD and 132 - 135 AD. Caledonian. 75 AD - 211 AD. Hsien-Pi, Wu-huan, Pre-dynastic Khitan and Hsi. 90 AD - 1000 AD. Abyssinian and Horn of Africa. 100 AD - 1529 AD. Three Kingdoms and Western Ts’in Chinese. 189 AD - 316 AD. Middle Imperial Roman. 193 AD - 324 AD. Early Visigothic. 200 AD - 419 AD. Early Vandal. 200 AD - 442 AD. Early Ostrogothic, Herul, Sciri or Taifali. 200 AD - 493 AD. Pictish. 211 AD - 842 AD. Sassanid Persian. 220 AD - 637 AD. Burgundi or Limigantes. 250 AD - 534 AD. Gepid. 250 AD - 566 AD. Early Frankish, Alamanni, Quadi, Suevi, Rugian or Turcilingi. 250 AD to 496 AD, 506 AD, 406 AD, 584 AD, 487 AD and 493 AD. Old Saxon, Frisian, Bavarian, Thuringian or Early Anglo-Saxon. 250 AD - 804 AD. Palmyran. 260 AD - 273 AD. Paekche and Kaya Korean. 300 AD - 660 AD. Koguryo Korean. 300 AD - 668 AD. Silla Korean. 300 AD - 935 AD. Late Imperial Roman. 307 AD – 425 AD. Chinese N. and S. Dynasties. 317 AD - 589 AD. Hunnic. 356 AD - 570 AD. Sub-Roman British. 407 AD - 1018 AD. Later Visigothic. 419 AD - 720 AD. Patrician Roman. 425 AD - 493 AD. African Vandal. 442 AD - 535 AD. 3 Irr Pk (F) @ 3AP Spearmen .Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Guardsmen with two-handed sword . Long spears were a favourite weapon of the area in later periods.Irr Bw (O) @ 4AP 30-96 Javelinmen . MOUNTAIN INDIAN 500 BC . C-in-C . 2/1. The detestation of republicans by neighbouring kingdoms made alliances with these impractical. E. BUAf. 2/19.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP or Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP or Irr Bw (O) @ 4AP Indian mercenary javelinmen – Irr Bd (I) @ 4AP Camp .321 BC Tropical. 1/60. Somewhat surprisingly. 2/2. protected by a long but narrow and light hide shield and fighting in a fairly static style. Their infantry used both long spears and bows against the Macedonians. 2 archers and 2 shield bearers) chariots attested for Poros’ army in 326 BC originated as a less than ideal republican compensation for the lack of elephants and spread to some of their neighbours before being rejected as too clumsy. so Bw (O) is an option. Charioteers can dismount either as Bw (O) archers or as Bd (X) clubmen (one of whom attacked Alexander). SF. Their best troops were their horse. E. E = 1/43. REPUBLICAN INDIAN 500 BC . It has been previously postulated that the 4-horse 6-crew (of 2 drivers with javelins. Wd.000 noble hostages demanded by Alexander from the Mallians and Oxydracae in 326 BC were provided by their cities with 500 chariots plus teams and drivers. Men armed with short spears and round shields coming from this general area are depicted as tribute bearers at Persepolis and are classed here as Ax (O). 2/3.000 Indian mercenaries are described by Diodorus fighting against Alexander with javelins and large but flimsy shields.Reg Bd (O) @ 7AP Spearmen .Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP 1 Sub-general .Irr Kn (X) @ 20AP. 4 . RH.Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP or Irr Pk (F) @ 13AP or Irr El (O) @ 26AP Sub-general . 13AP if ally-general otherwise 8AP if not All/0 Horsemen . Ag 0.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. As of 16/08/11 1. CH. Sub-generals and ally-generals cannot be used together. 2/15. or on horse . Rd.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP 1 0-1 0-2 0-2 10-16 0-1 24-54 0-4 24-54 0-28 0-2 per general This covers the north-western mountain border tribes of India. such as the Assakenoi and Paropamisdai. implying that 3 man chariots like those used by the Mauryas must be allowed at least as an alternative. SF.Irr LH (O) @ 14AP or Irr Pk (F) @ 13AP Ally-general .Irr Cv (O) @ 12AP or Irr LH (O) @ 9AP or Irr Pk (F) @ 8AP Elephants . Rd. 2/3.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP 0-2 per general Wagon laager – TF @ 2AP 0-24 This list covers the oligarchic republican states of the Indus and Ganges basins until their incorporation into the Mauryan empire. 2/1. G. mainly because 1. WW. Bge (I) cannot be used with wagon laager. or loaded ox-wagons . there is no mention of infantry javelins except when 7.Irr Bd (I) @ 4AP 4-16 Camp .DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. those of the Paropamisdai being good enough for both Darius and Alexander to brigade them with Arachosians. and a few states may not have used chariots. but climbed hills when overmatched and were out-shot by Macedonian missile troops. 2. C-in-C: in 4-horse 6-crew chariot . presumably because only royalty could afford them. Wd.Irr Cv (I) @ 5AP 6-18 Clubmen .Irr Kn (X) @ 15AP.Irr Bd (X) @ 6AP 0-3 Citizen archers . Rv.Irr Kn (X) @ l0AP 0-6 Downgrade chariots as having only 3 crew to Irr Cv (S) @ 18AP if C-in-C or sub-general. The infantry of their similarly dressed Bactrian and Gandarian neighbours combined bows and short spears. though it is also possible that the hostage chariots would have been 6-man chariots had subsidiary crew of no hostage value not been left behind.as above 0-2 Ally-general: in 4-horse 6-crew chariot . or loaded ox-wagons or pack donkeys . Rv. these presumably being the warriors described by Nearchos as armed with javelins and heavy swords. Ag 1. RF. Republican armies did not include elephants. 2/36. M.Irr Cv (O) @ 12AP 0-3 Chariots with 4 horses and 6 crew . 2/2. We assume that they were better than the guild troops of other Indian nations.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. The Kathaioi used a triple ring of laagered wagons against Alexander.170 BC Cool.Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Archers . DH. This theory has since lost favour. WH. BUAf E = 1/60. All citizens were nominally of the warrior class and expected to fight.Irr El (O) @ 16AP Light horsemen . 2/15. from their first appearance in history until incorporation into Greek Bactria. or on horse . Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP.options as for C-in-C. One favoured deployment was with the elephants in the centre to break the enemy’s formation.Irr Bge (S) @ 3AP Replace either (not both) of: Cv (S) by bullock chariots . camels and carts for elephants.Elephant-mounted generals @ 36AP [16+20] if (O) or 40AP [20+20] if (S).Irr LH (F) @ 4AP Bactrian Greek mercenary guardsmen . classed here as Cv (S). or ox.Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP or Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Only after 320 AD (Guptas): Replace chariots with lancers on armoured horses .Irr WWg (I) @ 4AP 0-2 All/0 0-2 0-1 0-½ Only from 321 BC to 180 BC (Mauryas): Upgrade to regular . as an apparent afterthought. Wd. this was not so in really difficult going.on elephant Irr El (O) @ 26AP.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.as above 0-2 Elephants . SF. Rv. Although considered able to operate effectively in rough going.Irr Bd (I) @ 4AP 1-2 per 3 Bw (O) Poor quality foot and followers . WW. Reg Cv (I) @ 6AP if not. The only reasonable explanation of the latter is as improvised war wagons. Their crew of 2 drivers with javelins. The Mauryan army was mainly of full-time paid troops with state issued arms.Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP 0-4 Upgrade Bge to regular @ +1AP All/0 “Yantra” . or pack-camels . 9AP if not. It is now generally accepted that the Indian bow was insufficiently powerful and the archers insufficiently aggressive to be classed as (S).545 AD Tropical. and to pursue a broken enemy or cover a retreat. 0-2 per general Palisade to protect camp . cavalry to Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP if general. javelinmen to Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP. 2/1. No specific tasks were allocated to the infantry not employed as elephant escorts apart from. water buffalo or camel herds . 2/3.Irr Bd (X) @ 6AP 0-2 Hereditary & mercenary archers . The large clumsy 4-horse 6-man crew chariots classed here as Kn (X) are actually attested (by Curtius) only for Poros when fighting Alexander in 326 BC.Irr Cv (S) @ 19AP if general. Some got stuck in muddy going and the majority in good going are mentioned only as being out-manoeuvred and all destroyed by Alexander’s companions and horse archers.Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP 1 Sub-general .Irr Hd (O) @ 1AP 1-2 per 3 Bw (O) and El (S) Stampeding cattle. C-in-C .Irr Cv (I) @ 5AP 2-8 Guardsmen with 2-handed sword – Reg Bd (O) @ 7AP 0-1 Clubmen .Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP.Irr LH (F) @ 4AP 0-1 Any 0-3 0-2 All ¼ to ½ This list covers the Indus and Ganges basins and Deccan from the development of a more practical view of warfare than that depicted in the Vedas until the fall of the Guptas.Irr Cv (S) @ 18AP. 1/60. Although both the “javelinmen”and (until the end of the Mauryas) the archers carried a heavy sword used two-handed. As of 16/08/11 3.Irr Exp (O) @ 7AP 0-2 Camp .Irr El (O) @ 16AP 4-10 Replace both 1 El (O) and 1 Bw (O) element with a single element of elephants with escort infantry . E. Elephant escorts. or El by carts . Later rulers are known to have used lighter 4 horse chariots crewed by a driver and 2 archers. Rd. G. the chariots on both flanks and the horsemen on the extreme wings.TF @ 1AP 0 or 0-2 per Bge (O) Any except Mauryas or Guptas: Ally-general . advocated in Indian literature. They are best represented by adding 2 Bw (O) and 2 Bd (I) figures to the elephant base. GH. 2/80. 2/37. making themselves generally useful. 2/46. 5 .List: Mountain Indian (Bk 2/2) 0-10 Only from 321 BC to 320 AD: Maiden guard . in chariot . whose primary tasks were to attack or defend baggage. they are noted as being reluctant to close with opponents. 2/19. 2/15.Irr El (S) @ 30AP if general. BF. BUAf. Ag 0.Irr Kn (I) @ 7AP. otherwise 10AP Rathamasaula . or on horse . Neither of these desperate expedients are likely to have been necessary for the rich and powerful Maurya. M.Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP or Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Only from 179 BC to 320 AD: Replace chariots with horsemen . otherwise 20AP All/0 Chariots with 4 horses and 3 crew .or mule-carts . 2 archers and 2 shield bearers suggests that they were intended for close combat. or mules. archers to Reg Bw (O) @ 5AP All/0 Guild troops . WH.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-6 Mountain Indian allies . chariots to Reg Cv (S) @ 29AP if general. 2/36. E = 1/43. extend the army’s front and protect its flanks.Irr Kn (X) @ 16AP if ally-general’s. are not mentioned in Poros’s army.Irr Cv (S) @ 8AP 6-8 Horsemen .Irr WWg (X) @ 6AP Divine image on palanquin with bearers and guards .Irr Cv (I) @ 5AP Saka mercenaries . The Arthashastra suggests that bullocks could be substituted for chariot horses if these were lacking. 21AP if other general’s. 2/2.Irr Bw (O) @ 4AP 12-36 Hereditary & mercenary javelinmen . Indian chariotry was used as a main combat arm against all types of enemy troops and operated separately from the horsemen. but @ 5AP less Only before 321 BC (Pre-Maurya): Replace all Cv (S) chariots with 4-horse 6-crew chariots .Reg Art (S) @ 10AP or Reg Art (O) @ 8AP or Reg Art (I) @ 4AP 0-1 Wild tribes archers . CLASSICAL INDIAN 500 BC . otherwise 9AP Replace Cv (I) with horse archers . 2/42. Rathamasaula are described as hooked and bladed man-pushed carts similar to Roman anti-elephant weapons. and so can never have cavalry. they may be equipped either with crossbows (possibly associated with them in the terracotta army).Irr Shp (I) @ 2AP [Kn. Rv. otherwise WW. WARRING STATES AND CH’IN CHINESE 480 BC . Reg Kn (O) @ 21AP Chariots . Ps] Horse rafts .Reg Bge (I) @ 2AP Ditch and rampart . BUAf and if Ch’in. M.Chao armies . Sp. O. Reg Kn (O) @ 31AP Sub-general .TF @ 1AP Only after 307 BC: Replace generals in chariots with generals on horses . or 1-2 per Bge (O) Any 0-4 8-20 0-6 0-10 0-4 Any 0-1 All/0 0-1 Any 0-10 0-3 0-20 0-30 0-1 This list covers all the armies of the Warring States period up to the final victory of Ch’in over its rivals in 221 BC. Bw. 2/29. 6 .Reg Bge (O) @ 3AP. 2/4. F. 28AP if not Heavy cavalry .Irr Exp (O) @ 7AP Only in Ch’in armies in 209 BC: Hastily armed labourers .Irr Bts (O) @ 2AP [Bw. or with swords and halberds. or rope-pull stone-throwers Reg Art (I) @ 4AP Camp . FW.as above. O. the Ch’in Empire from then until its collapse in 207 BC.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. and possible that sophisticated armour and weapons.Reg Kn (O) @ 11AP Close-fighting foot with “halberd” or spear .Reg Ps (S) @ 3AP or Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP [Ps (O) can support Reg Sp or Reg Pk (F)] Picked troops .add 25AP Only in Ch’in. E. Bw] Only in Ch’in. As of 16/08/11 4. otherwise l. Rv.Reg Bw (O) @ 5AP Impressed POWs or massed levies . Pk (F)] Large sailing rafts .Reg Cv (O) @ 18AP if ally. even if an ally-general is used. Ag 3 if Ch’in. In the 4th century Ch’u troops were regarded as of poor quality. were borrowed from its neighbours after their subjugation. Chu or Yueh armies: Upgrade Shp (O) to towered ship.202 BC Warm if Ch’u or Yueh. Sp.Reg LH (F) @ 5AP . E = 1/14. GH. otherwise Cool.with swords.Irr Shp (O) @ 3AP [Bd.as above Chinese ally-general .Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP or Reg Pk (F) @ 4AP Archers or crossbowmen . 2/21.Irr LH (F) @ 4AP Only in Ch’i armies after 300 BC: Stampeding cattle . FW.other armies Only in Ch’u or Yueh armies: Southern tribesmen – Irr Wb (F) @ 3AP Only in Ch’u armies: Guard crossbowmen . 1/43.Irr Hd (O) @ 1AP Only in rebel armies from 209 BC to 206 BC: Peasant rebels . 1/49. remainder Irr Sp (I) @ 3AP Skirmishers . or laden ox-carts . Rd. Irr Shp (S) @ 4AP [Sp. and the succession wars leading to the establishment of the Han dynasty in 202 BC. Heavy cavalry can always dismount to fight on foot. GH.in 4-horse chariot. RF.add 25AP 1 1-2 0-2 2-7 12-36 6-24 0-20 4-12 0-6 0-4 0-2 0-4 0-2 0-2 per general 0. The option to class Ch’in troops as warband and nongenerals’ chariots as irregular reflects the fanaticism for individual combat encouraged by Lord Shang’s system of promotion by numbers of heads taken. dismounting as Ax (S).Irr Bd (F) @ 5AP Boats .up to half Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP. It is likely that the troop-types known from the Ch’in terracotta army were typical of most of this period. RF. C-in-C . An army may not combine troops specified as belonging to different states. BUAf. LH] Bolt-shooters . CH. Wei or Yen armies after 300 BC: Hu barbarians . Cv.Reg Art (O) @ 8AP. Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Light cavalry . Pk (F). halberds or crossbows. far from being a reason for Ch’in’s success. It would probably reflect the disaffection rife in Ch’in armies of the later Empire period (say 215 . It was certainly no longer in evidence by 209 BC. M.Reg Bw (O) @ 5AP Downgrade Sp to Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP or non-guard Bw to Reg Bw (I) @ 4AP Only in Ch’i armies from 351 BC to 341 BC: Upgrade C-in-C as Sun Pin to Brilliant general . DH. Note that the state of Yueh was destroyed in 333 BC. If Ch’u or Yueh: WW. Rd. dismounting as Bw (O).add 25AP Only in Ch’in armies from 350 BC to 221 BC: Reclassify close fighting foot as Irr Wb (S) @ 5AP and chariots as Irr Kn (O) @ 9AP Only in Ch’in armies from 287 BC to 251 BC: Upgrade C-in-C as Pai Ch’i ro Brilliant general . 2/38.Irr Hd (S) @ 2AP Only in Han armies from 206 BC to 202 BC: Upgrade C-in-C as Han Hsin to Brilliant General . but by the later 3rd they seem to have been better than the Ch’in. DH.207 BC) to include large numbers of “massed levies” under allygenerals. Irr Bge @ 1AP. if Thessalian 1/47. or pack-horses/mules . hypomeiones or neomodeis) 0-24 Upgrade hoplites to Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP as Spartan perioikoi. 2/9.Irr or Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-12 Javelinmen: . Ps (O) or Ps (I)] 0-6 Athenian rowers .Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Only Athenians before 365 BC: Horse archers . 2/7.Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Spithridates’s Persian deserters .if not . 2/30.Spartan if Agesilaus from 396 BC to 394 BC.other . V.Irr Sp (O) @ 9AP 0-3 Upgrade ally-general to Reg Sp (S) @ 17AP if Theban or Spartan. Rd. Theban or Italiot 2-12 .Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP 1 . 4 if a mercenary expedition.275 BC (235 BC IF SICILIOT OR ITALIOT) Warm.Irr Bge (O) @ 2 AP.if C-in-C is Aitolian. or if Thessalian from 369 BC to 358 BC as Alexander of Pherae’s bodyguard .otherwise 9-96 Upgrade hoplites of same nation as command’s general: if Theban Sacred Band.TF @ 1AP 0.if the C-in-C is Thessalian.Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP [Sp.other Spartan or Theban. 2/16. 2/6. Athenian epilektoi from 350 BC. 2/5. 2/10. 2/18. 2/16. 2/15.Theban if Epaminondas from 371 BC to 362 BC . 2/12. 2/8. 2/15.Irr Ps (I) @ 1AP ½ -1 per Gal in excess of 2 Only from 380 BC and if the C-in-C is Spartan.commanding a mercenary expedition between 401 BC and 298 BC . As of 16/08/11 5. E = if Spartan 1/54. 2/5. 2/16.TF @ 2+2=4AP Only Athenians from 405 BC: Prodromoi . 2/12. Thessalian. Phokian or Akarnanian .TF @ 2AP Gateway in above . O. 2/13. 1/54.Reg LH (O) @ 5AP Upgrade cavalry to Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Ditch and/or palisade. 2/9.Irr Sp (O) @ 4AP: .Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Hostages .Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Paphlagonian foot .Reg Sp (S) @ 27AP 1 .Brilliant general Reg Sp (O) @ 50AP 1 . Argive epilektoi. Rv.Reg Ps (S) @ 3AP 0-16 Downgrade hoplites to Reg Sp (I) as Siciliot or Italiot citizens @ 24AP if C-in-C. BUA (f unless Spartan). Siciliot or Italiot .Reg LH (F) @ 5AP Only Agesilaus’s Spartans in Asia and Greece from 396 BC to 394 BC: Upgrade Greek cavalry to Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Paphlagonian cavalry .Brilliant general Reg Sp (S) @ 52AP 1 .if he is not 0-6 Upgrade Theban.Inert general Irr Sp (O) @ -61AP 1 . 2/12. 2/17. If Thessalian: GH. 1/54.Irr Kn (I) @ 8AP or Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Mysian foot . or Thessalian. or as mercenaries. 1/46. 2/12. to defend camp . if others 1/43. 2/18. DH. or 1-2 per Bge (O) Any Only Athenians with Iphikrates as C-in-C from 374 BC to 353 BC: Regrade Athenian hoplites embarked on galleys and/or any mercenary peltasts as “Iphikratean” to Reg Pk (F) @ 4AP Only Athenians and Spartans before 396 BC: Thracian light horse . 1/60. or 9-24 1 between each 3 of above 0-1 All 0. S.if C-in-C is Aitolian or Phokian 0-1 per 4 Ps . If Aitolian: DH. remainder all Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP from 350 BC. SH. 1/62. if Siciliot 1/61. if Italiot 2/5. RF.to Reg Sp (S) @ 7AP 0-4 Upgrade hoplites to Reg Sp (S) @ 7AP as Spartan citizens (comprising Spartiatai.Reg Sp (O) @ 25AP 1 .Brilliant general Reg Ps (S) @ 48AP or Reg Pk (F) @ 49AP 0 or 1 . or to Reg Sp (O) @ 15AP if mercenary Any Upgrade Thessalian.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP (or if C-in-C is Xenophon in 401 BC . Theban or Corinthian: Improvised drystone wall or palisade . LATER HOPLITE GREEK 448 BC .Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP 16-96 . 14AP if ally-general. 2/17. 2/27. or Thessalian if Alexander of Pherae from 369 BC to 358 BC . If Theban: L.Irr Ps (I) @ 1 AP: 6-12 Thracian foot . Italiot or Siciliot ally-general to Reg Cv (O) @ 18AP 0-1 Cavalry . 2/5. 2/30. 2/30. 1/47. 1/54. if Phokian 2/5. 2/5. 2/30. 2/12. otherwise 4AP Any Cretan and other mercenary archers . 2/5. if Athenian 1/48.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. If Italiot or Siciliot: S.Irr Hd (I) @ ½AP Only from 353 BC: Regrade mercenary peltasts as Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP 0-2 per 3 Thracian Ax or Ps 0-2 All 0-6 0-8 0-1 0-6 0 or 4-8 Any 7 . 2/33. or after 371 BC as other Thebans 0-40 Replace mercenary hoplites with mercenary peltasts .up to ¼ Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP. F. if Aitolian or Akarnanian 1/47. or abatis.Athenian if Iphikrates from 403 BC to 353 BC . 2/12. 2/16. 2/33. 0-8 Camp . 2/30. 2/5.Irr Sp (O) @ 14AP 1 Spartan sub-general . 2/27. 2 if all generals are Athenian. or Tarentine Italiot Cv to Reg LH (O) @ 5AP 0-12 Hoplites . 2/15. 2/7. all Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP before. l if not. 2/18.Reg Bw (I) @ 4AP) 0-6 Slingers . Pk (F). 2/17. GH. 2/15.Reg Sp (S) @ 27AP 0-2 Ally-general . C-in-C if: .Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP 0-2 per general Trieres . Ag 3 if all generals are Spartan.Reg Cv (I) @ 6AP: .Spartan if Brasidas from 431 BC to 422 BC . Theban. if Theban 2/5.Athenian if Nikias from 414 BC to 413 BC . Wd. or wagons . Thessalian or Siciliot Cv to Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP. 2/9. 2/7.as above Cavalry . Thessalians after 380 BC. 2/34.Irr Cv (O) @ 12AP or Irr LH (O) @ 9AP Paphlagonian horse .Reg LH (O) @ 5AP or Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Syracusan Spaniards .Irr Wb (O) @ 3AP Only Athenians from 356 BC: Replace hoplites with ephebia . 2/5. As of 16/08/11 Only if the C-in-C is Spartan from 369 BC to 368 BC: Syracusan cavalry . 8 . 2/14. An army with a Siciliot.Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Upgrade javelinmen to Reg Ps (S) @ 3AP [can support Cv] European Thracian mercenaries . All Spartan. Theban. one mentions infantry operating with advance cavalry. C-in-C . A local dynast. or Irr LH (O) @ 14AP Sub-general . BUA (or after 265 BC BUAf).Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Javelinmen . Siciliot or Italiot elements. 2/17. Wd.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Only before 335 BC: Persian cavalry . Italiot or Phokian C-in-C cannot include Thebans or Thracians. seize commanding terrain or as an advance guard. ¼ Ps (S) @ 3AP. remainder Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Upgrade warriors to thureophoroi . Athenian ephebia were youths conscripted for 2 years garrison duty and trained in drill.Reg Gal (O) @ 5AP [Reg Ax] Only after 179 BC: Paphlagonian ally-general commanding all and only Paphlagonians .Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Trieres . or loaded carts . Greek Cv can be supported by hamippoi. DH. Minima marked * apply only if Paphlagonians are used. Only an army with a Phokian or (in 343 BC) a Tarentine Italiot C-in-C can include a Spartan ally-general.Reg Art (S) @ 10AP 1 2-6 2-6 0-¼ 0-6 Only Spartans from 415 BC to 371 BC. Persian cavalry were provided against the Ten Thousand. The Galatians were invited into Asia by Nikomedes I for a Bithynian civil war. Only a Spartan C-in-C can have a Spartan sub-general.Reg Ps (I) @ 1AP 0-1 per Greek Cv This list covers Greek city state armies until the mainland states started to replace hoplites by thureophoroi and/or pikemen around 275 BC. A Phokian C-in-C is allowed only in the Sacred War of 355346 BC and can have no more than 16 non-mercenary elements.½ Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP. Greek allies can include naval. who must command all Spartan elements present. V.74 BC Warm. Ag 1. TF not defending baggage must be in a single line connecting 2 difficult terrain features and cannot be placed if invading. SH. ¼ Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP Only Phokians in 353 BC: Stone-throwers .Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP [Ax] or tetreres . but late in his career re-armed hoplites serving at sea with longer spears and pelta.Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Syracusan Gauls . WH. RF. E = 1/60. Paphlagonia was a buffer against Pontus from 179 BC. but can also command mercenaries (and if the C-in-C is Tarentine) Italiots. An army must include a general of each city contributing at least 6 hoplite. Athenians after 365 BC.Irr Kn (I) in single-based wedge @ 18AP. Thebans or Siciliots: Hamippoi supporting cavalry .DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. The innovation was short lived. Agesilaus’ Spartans while in Asia cannot have more than 12 elements of Sp (S) excluding generals. 2/15. 2/12. Thibron. Successive kings increasingly Hellenised the country. Peltasts started as skirmishers given small shields (pelta). and may have extended this to his peltasts. S. The list runs from independence from Persia until Nikomedes III’s bequest of his kingdom to Rome. Rv. Rd. O. archery and catapults. Thessalian. F. 2/16.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Paphlagonian foot . javelin-throwing. but peltasts later evolved into cheap mobile close combat troops used to support psiloi. An army cannot include both Syracusans and Thebans. 6. It can also be used to cover the entirely mercenary foreign expeditions commanded by Xenophon. mercenary and Siciliot or Italiot citizen hoplites must be upgraded or downgraded if any such are. there is no evidence for long spear or rhomphaia.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP All All ½ to all Any 0-12 0-4 *1 *2-6 *4-12 0-2 1 1-2 4-12 30-140 8-20 4-10 0-2 per general 0-4 The Bithynians were a Thracian people occupying the NW corner of Asia Minor. whose high aggression ensures that they are indeed foreign expeditions. 2/6. remainder Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Warriors . BITHYNIAN 435 BC .Irr Ps (I) @ 1AP Archers . 2/48. and then only the minor Siciliot and Italiot states until 235 BC.List: Galatian (Bk 2/30) Only after 265 BC: Regrade generals to Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP Regrade cavalry to up to ¼ Reg LH (O) @ 5AP. Early foot fought with javelins. 2/30.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Camp . Iphikrates gained his reputation commanding these. Hoplites of one city cannot provide rear support to those of another. Ziboetes.Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Paphlagonian pack-mules . declared himself king in 297 BC.Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Only from 280 BC to 253 BC: Heraklean or other Greek allies . or any Athenian.up to ¼ Irr Kn (I) in single-based wedge @ 8AP. 2nd century BC stelae show Hellenised thureophoroi and armoured cavalry. GH.List Later Hoplite Greek (Bk 2/5) or Hellenistic Greek (Bk 2/31) Only from 278 BC: Galatian allies . Aristodemos and Kleonymos. Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP 0-2 per general Waggon-laager protecting camp . 2/12.All Reg Sp (S) @ 7AP.TF @ 2AP 0.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP 6-10 Bactrians . DH or M.Reg Pk (F) @ 4AP Only before 334 BC: Karian or Ionian hoplites.329 BC Dry. Kinsmen cavalry.Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP 1-2 Replace Persian sub-general with Greek mercenary sub-general .Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP 0-3 Thracians .Reg Gal (O) @ 5AP [Phoenician Ax (O)] Only if the C-in-C is Darius III in 331 BC at Gaugamela: Upgrade Kinsmen cavalry to Reg Kn (F) @ 11AP Elephants .Irr Cv (I) @ 5AP Only if the C-in-C is Bessos in 329 BC: Saka allies . BUAf.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-2 Mardian archers .Otherwise. If Lykian allies are used. The minimum marked * applies only if any “Iphikratean” peltasts are used. Arachosians or similar light horse.Reg Ps (S) @ 3AP 0-3 Takabara “Persian peltasts” . 2/7. Skythian or Early Hu (Bk 1/43) This list represents the armies of Achaemenid Persia from the abandonment of sparabara infantry as the main heavy infantry type until the final defeats by Alexander of Darius and Bessos. RF.Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP Trieres .Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP 0-20 Greek mercenary peltasts . GH. only if Cyrus the Younger – on armoured horse as Reg Kn (I) @ 30AP 0-1 .TF @ 2AP 0-6 Camp . G.Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP [Phoenician Ax (O)] Phoenician marines . Kardakes or Egyptians .List: Lykian (Bk 1/62) Only from 350 BC to 333 BC: Upgrade Gal (F) to penteres and tetreres . or all Reg Bw (O) @ 5AP Only from 374 BC to 353 BC: Upgrade Greek mercenary general (as Iphikrates) to Brilliant general Reg Pk (F) @ 14AP Downgrade Greek mercenary hoplites to “Iphikratean” peltasts . only if Pharnabazos . 1/43.Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP 0-20 Upgrade court takabara to Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP 0-4 Hillmen . so need not be part of an Unusual Troops stratagem. Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP 1 Persian sub-general . Ag 1. Rd. Theban allied. 1/35.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP [can support takabara] 0-12 Cretan mercenary archers .Reg Exp (O) @ 8AP 0-4 Satrapal guard on armoured horses . Kn (F) represent Kinsmen cavalry re-armed with lances after Issos in imitation of Macedonian companions.Irr Pk (F) @ 3AP 0-4 Persian archers or slingers .Irr Hd (O) @ 1AP 0-20 Artillery . Artillery can accordingly be used only in PF surrounding a BUA or behind TF. E: 1/6.Irr El (O) @ 16AP Indian cavalry .Reg Cv (I) @ 26AP or Reg Sp (O) @ 25AP 0-1 Persian ally-general . As of 16/08/11 7. RH. E.Inert General Reg Cv (O) @ -47AP 1 . 2/6. only if Darius III – Inert General Reg Cv (O) in chariot @ -48AP 1 . remainder Armenians.Irr LH (F) @ 4AP 0-10 Greek hoplites: Mercenary or. Kn (I) represent javelin-armed cavalry on armoured horses.Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP Lykian allies . Bolt-shooters were used to defend cities and also in 330 BC in field fortifications. scythed chariots or Lykian allies. nor its terrain include S or WW. 1/7.From 334 BC to 331 BC.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.Reg Art (O) @ 8AP 0-1 Stone or brush barricades .up to ½ Massagetai . Scythed chariots were a standard part of the army. 1/56. Elephants or Indians can be used.Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP 0-10 Skythians and Parthians . or 1-2 per Bge (O) Only if the C-in-C is the King: Kinsmen cavalry (Royal Guard) . or Bactrian camels . Indians. LATER ACHAEMENID PERSIAN 420 BC . . Kappadokians or Bactrians .From 385 BC to 373 BC. C-in-C: .In 401 BC.Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP 8-16 Colonist cavalry or hastily-mounted levies .Reg Kn (I) @ 10AP 0-2 Cavalry on armoured horses . no Guard infantry.Irr Kn (I) @ 8AP 0-8 Persian or Median cavalry . Rv.Irr Cv (S) @ 9AP. 2/5.Reg Cv (O) @ 18AP 0-1 Scythed chariots . 0-2 0-2 0 or 1 0 or *6-12 0-24 0-6 1 per Gal 0-1 All/0 0-1 0-2 9 .List: Kimmerian. in 351 BC.Irr Cv (I) @ 5AP 6-16 Paphlagonians.Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP or Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP 0-6 Chalybes .Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Guard infantry . . or ox-carts/asses . O. 1/53. S or WW. Bessos’s army of 329 BC cannot include Cretans.Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP or Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP 0-3 Levy and servants . 2/10. Some Apulians allied with Pyrrhos and subsequently Hannibal against Rome. GH. We take references to “Bruttian bandits” as reflecting avocation rather than a distinct troop type. C-in-C . Apulian.Others Skirmishers . BUAf. Rv. Apulian. Like their cousins the Samnites. Apulian. RF. DH.List: Campanian. As of 16/08/11 8. V. 10 . APULIAN.Reg Ps (I) @ 1AP . Lucanian or Bruttian (Bk 2/8) Only Bruttians in 215 BC: Replace Bruttian C-in-C with Carthaginian C-in-C (Bomilcar or Hanno) . E.They were subjected by Rome in 340 BC.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP.Principes . Bruttian foot fought in the third line with Hannibal’s other veterans at Zama in 202 BC.Hastati .Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP . which had to be bailed out by Hanno’s Carthaginians.List: Camillan Roman (Bk 2/10) Only Bruttians: Peasants .Bruttians . 2/33. Lucanians fought for Hannibal against Rome.Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP Carthaginian Libyan. Their cavalry remained effective and formed an important part of Roman armies. Rd.Leves . 1/59.Irr El (I) @ 12AP Carthaginian Numidians .as above Cavalry . After a few generations of the good life in Campania.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Only Campanians: Hoplites – Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP Downgrade foot warriors to Reg Ax (I) @ 3AP Samnite allies .Irr Hd (O) @ 1AP Lucanian allies .Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP Only Campanians after 275 BC: Upgrade Principes to Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP Only Lucanians: Upgrade foot warriors including a substantial proportion of armoured men to Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Bruttian allies . or pack-mules .203 BC Warm.Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP Sub-general . The Apulians had even more cavalry than the Campanians. Bruttian only: DH. SH. Lucanian and Bruttian armies from the Oscan conquest of Greek Italy until Hannibal’s retreat to Africa near the end of the 2nd Punic war.Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP .Reg Ps (S) @ 3AP Upgrade foot warriors (as Lucanians) to Reg Ax (S) 1 1-2 4-6 4-9 4-12 8-18 16-60 24-84 0-24 0-2 per general 16-48 Any All All Any 0-12 1 0-1 4-6 0-8 0-4 0-24 This list covers Campanian. becoming unfranchised Roman citizens.Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP .Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Carthaginian Libyan spearmen .Apulians Foot warriors .Campanians . LUCANIAN OR BRUTTIAN 420 BC . they lost much of their warlike ardour.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.Lucanians .Irr Ps (I) @ 1AP Camp . 2/8. CAMPANIAN. 2/5. S. Lucanian or Bruttian (Bk 2/8) Roman allies . Their foot then adopted Roman equipment and tactics but when they operated as an independent legion proved to be less tough. if Livy is to be believed.000 men to attack the coastal Greek cities in 215 BC.Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP Carthaginian elephants .List: Samnite (Bk 2/13) Only Campanians from 340 BC: Reclassify hoplites and foot warriors to Roman style foot as ¼ each of: . The Bruttians were Hannibal’s first and staunchest Italian allies. O.Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP .Triari . E: 1/36. the Campanians had had a reputation for courage and ferocity in the 5th century.Campanians . 2/13. Ag l. Moorish or Numidian javelinmen . 1/55. capitulating in 206 BC.List: Campanian. independently raising an army of 15. 1/57. Agathokles had him killed and took over his army. Sikels. 2/33.210 BC Warm.Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP or Reg Sp (S) @ 27AP or Reg Sp (O) @ 25AP Sub-general .Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP. His Kyrenean allies represent the army brought to his aid by Ophellas.List: Later Carthaginian (Bk 2/32) This covers Syracusan armies from the extension of the city’s control over all of eastern Sicily.Reg Ps (I) @ l AP Camp . and used in his wars against Carthage. SH.Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Mercenary bodyguard . though on both occasions the Carthaginian and Syracusan armies failed to successfully co-operate.Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP Syracusan and allied hoplites . 2/32. As of 16/08/11 9. the Macedonian ruler of Kyrene. C-in-C . E: 1/57. If Pyrrhic allies are used. S.Irr Hd (O) @ 1AP Numidian allies . Campanian foot or cavalry.List: Early Libyan (Bk l/7) Kyrenean allies .Reg Gal (O) @ 5AP [Sp or Ps] Only after 350 BC: Regrade mercenary peltasts as Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP Only if C-in-C is Timoleon from 341 BC to 337 BC or Agathokles from 317 BC to 289 BC: Upgrade C-in-C to Brilliant .Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP [Sp or Ps] Lembi . 1/61. Hd disguised as hoplites as a Disguised Troops stratagem at an extra total cost of 10AP are depicted as twice as many elements of Sp (I) double-based.Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Gauls .Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Ligurians or Spaniards . Syracusan cavalry allied to Sparta made a deep impression on the Greeks. Syracusan allied contingents can include Gauls and Spaniards. BUAf. rest Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Campanian cavalry .List Pyrrhic (Bk 2/27) Only after 275 BC: Upgrade mercenary peltasts to thureophoroi . We assume that this did not apply to free-lance mercenaries. or Samnite. Ag 2.Irr Wb (O) @ 3AP Sikels . 2/27.List: Numidian or Early Moorish (Bk 2/40) Libyan allies . Pyrrhos’ command must include all and only Pyrrhic troops. GH.up to ½ Tarentines Reg LH (O) @ 5AP.Reg Sp (S) @ 7AP Greek mercenary hoplites . Campania became subject to Rome in 340 BC and adopted Roman equipment and tactics. All 1 1-2 4-10 0-3 0-6 12-20 12-20 0-4 0-6 0-4 0-4 0-8 4-16 0-10 0-2 per general 0-4 0-1 0-3 *1-2 All/0 1 0. Pyrrhos becomes C-in-C and the Syracusan C-in-C is demoted to sub-general.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP Triremes . Agathokles’s army in Africa cannot include any Spaniards.Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP Mercenary peltasts .Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Archers or slingers . At Tunis. and need not contain any non-mercenary hoplites. they can include their list’s full number of El and Kn (F). up to the full maxima in this list.Reg Ps (S) @ 3AP Italian mercenary foot: Campanian .add 25AP Only if C-in-C is Agathokles in Africa from 310 BC to 307 BC: Camp followers or rowers disguised as hoplites (only as a Disguised Troops stratagem) . or artillery. DH.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP Javelinmen .DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. 2/5. F. RF. Ligurians. Wd. Rv. SYRACUSAN 410 BC .Reg Art (O) @ 8AP Upgrade Gal to Quadriremes/Quinquiremes . Agathokles used camp followers or the crews of his lighter galleys to imitate a distant reserve of hoplites. Syracuse was allied to Carthage briefly during both the 1st and 2nd Punic wars.Irr Bts (O) @ 2AP [Ps (O)] Only after 399 BC: Bolt-shooters . until the capture of the city by the Romans.List: Kyrenean Greek (Bk 1/56) Only from 278 BC to 276 BC: Pyrrhic allies . Artillery and warships larger than triremes were both invented at Syracuse by engineers employed by Dionysios the Great.Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP or Reg Sp (O) @ 25AP or Reg Sp (I) @ 24AP Greek cavalry . O. V. Rd. or 4-8 11 .Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Only after 265 BC: Carthaginian allies . The minimum marked * applies only if any triremes are used after 399 BC. Reg Sp (0) @ 5AP Only from 279AD: Anti-elephant wagons . and the third of veteran triarii armed as the principes and sometimes supported by the enigmatic rorarii and accensi. They are classed as regular because they were organised in uniformly-armed units. Accensi by their name are servants (justifying the grading of the baggage as regular). spikes or incendiary grapnels and were manned by archers and slingers.Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP [Ps (I)] Italian Greek galley crew .Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP Roman ally-general . 2/11.Reg Ps (I) @ 1AP. 2/28. 2/8. F.Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP Roman rorarii .Irr Ps (I) @ 1AP Camp .Reg WWg (X) @ 7AP Incendiary pigs and handlers . The wagons were armed with pivoting beams tipped with large blades. so are classed as regular.Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP .Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP Roman and Italian ally cavalry . The usage was of course cruel and inhumane. They are instead treated as analogous to hand-launched rockets.Reg Ps (I) @ 1AP Roman accensi . Latin alae and after 340 BC Campanians were equipped in Roman style. so they can optionally be initially depicted as Sp (S) as a Disguised Troops stratagem at a cost of 10AP. Roman C-in-C . 2/5.Triari .Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Roman legions and Latin alae comprised ¼ each of: . BUAf E: 1/36.Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP Italian Greek allied trieres . sword and scutum and screened by skirmishing leves. Incendiary pigs do not fit the Exp (O) or Ps (X) categories since they are distance weapons. . not us.Reg Ps (I) @ 1AP . Livy may imply that this was deliberate deception.Reg Sp (S) @ 7AP [can support Sp (O) or (I) and Bd (O) or (I) Other non-Roman Italian foot .Reg Art (X) @ 4AP 1 0-1 0-2 2-6 32-80 0. 2/13. Rd. DH. They were increasingly kept in the field for long periods and from the war against the rival city of Veii starting in 406 BC were paid while in service. Each legion was accompanied by an ala of Italian allies. Although most troops in a levy would have served before.½ of above 0-12 0-6 0-2 1 per Gal 1-2 per general 1-2 per Bge (O) All/0 ¼ -½ 0-6 0-3 This list covers Roman armies from the reforms of Camillus until the changes made probably in response to the invasion of Pyrrhos of Epeiros. Rv. RF.Reg Bge (O) @ 3AP.Leves .Triarii . The rorarii were youngsters and are now usually considered to have provided additional skirmishers. Rorarii and accensi had officers and standards. Ag 3. M. . though inaccurate and having a mainly psychological effect. GH.TF @ 1AP Only in 390 BC or 387 BC: Downgrade Hastati to Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP and Principes to Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP as hurriedly raised Only in 340 BC: Samnite allies . but this is optional due to the greater difficulty of concealment in real life. Roman cavalry fighting the Volscians and Etruscans were dismounted as an aggressive reserve to hard-pressed legionaries. The infantry now usually fought in three lines. except that they cannot affect a target across water.Hastati . Accordingly.Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP . 2/27. Although the example of Pyrrhos of Epiros is credited with improving Roman fortified camps.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. the first of hastati armed with pila. Anti-elephant wagons can also be used as an Unusual troops stratagem.Hastati . We assume that they are kept tethered by their nose ring until ignited.Reg Bd (O) @ 7AP. As of 16/08/11 10. they did exist previously. but probably not so others. 1/55. 12 .Principes .Reg Bge (F) @ 3AP Ditch and palisade for camp(s) . or pack-mules .Leves . the second of principes with long spear.Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP. there was an occasion in either 390 or 387 BC on which a hurriedly raised army had not shaken down properly before a disastrous encounter with the enemy. Incendiary pigs and special wagons were a desperate attempt to counter elephants used with little success against Pyrrhos. or ¼ . 1/57. SH.List: Samnite (Bk 2/13) Only from 340 BC: Reclassify non-Roman Italian foot as Campanian legions to ¼ each of: . V.Principes . O. but blame the Romans. . sword and scutum. cavalry can always dismount as Ax (S). but on the one occasion they are mentioned in battle were deployed armed with spears as a reserve and mistaken at a distance for triarii.Reg Cv (O) @ 18AP Roman sub-general .275 BC Warm. They must be used as an Unusual Troops stratagem at an additional total cost of 10AP. CAMILLAN ROMAN 400 BC . S. M.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Elderly.Irr Hd (O) @ 1AP Camp .from 295 BC to 225 BC: . and were greatly feared by them.List: Ancient Spanish (Bk 2/39) All 0-1 per Wb (S) general 1 0-1 1-2 4-24 ¼ to ¾ ¼ to all All 0-10 45-70 3-6 0-6 0-12 0-2 per general 0 or 1-2 per Bge (O) 0-12 *1 *11-19 0-6 This list covers the western Celts of Gaul and North Italy from the rise of the La Tene culture until the completion of Caesar’s conquest of Gaul.Irr Wb (F) @ 13AP Naked gaesati . 2/52.TF @ 1AP Plashed wood edge . 1/55. An army of miscellaneous Germans under Ariovistus was brought in by the Arverni and Sequani against other Gauls in 71 BC.List: Early German (Bk 2/47) Only Aquitanians: Upgrade foot C-in-C and any foot ally-general to Irr Wb (S) @ 15AP General’s soldurii bodyguards .Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. catching Caesar’s Romans unprepared and giving them a hard fight. F. 2/47.) are described as overlapping their shields and Caesar reports that the Helvetii of Gaul attacked so densely packed that one pilum could penetrate more than one shield. 1/57.Irr Wb (O) @ 3AP Javelinmen . but rebelled. If there are insufficient woods. when Italian Gauls were allied with the Samnites against Rome.TF @ 2AP Only before 200 BC: Gaesati mercenary sub-general . or in chariot .Irr Wb (O) @ 13AP. O. At Sentinum in 295 BC.Irr Cv (O) @ 16AP Sub-general . Irr Cv (O). or loaded wagons .Irr Wb (O) @ 8AP. Gaesati were a community of mercenary infantry warriors based in the Alps. so are graded as Wb (S). unfit or unwilling . @ 12AP if ally-general.Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Warriors . who were of mixed Celtic and Iberian stock. they were important earlier.Irr Wb (S) @ 5AP Iberian allies . Rv. B. Wd.Irr Wb (F) @ 3AP Only after 150 BC: Veneti ships . the cavalry were stationed on the flank and the chariots kept in reserve. children.as above Ally-general: on foot . so are graded as Wb (F). They are generally graded as Wb (O) to simulate their tribal organisation and aggression.50 BC Cool. E: 1/14. BF. 2/39. 2/11. The infantry then proved vulnerable to Roman light troops. Soldurii were fanatically loyal bodyguards on the Iberian pattern. C-in-C: on foot . 2/10. 17AP if other general. women. As of 16/08/11 11. but proved very vulnerable to the missiles of skirmishers when attempting to hold a position. otherwise 7AP . At Telamon in 225 BC. All gaesati must be under the command of a gaesati sub-general. Although chariots had disappeared before Caesar’s wars. Minima marked * apply if any gaesati are used.from 224 BC to 100 BC: . implying that grading as Wb (F) is unsuitable.Irr Shp (O) @ 3AP [Wb] Only Arverni and Sequani from 71 BC to 61 BC: Ariovistus’s German allies . When Gauls are found on the defensive. 0 after.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. where the Belgic confederation army made a surprise attack in tribal groups out of woods across the river. it is invariably holding difficult terrain (which in DBMM prevents spontaneous advance).Irr Cv (O) @ 6AP Replace chariots with cavalry. the chariots were on the flanks of the infantry and the cavalry used in a single independent mass.Irr Ps (I) @ 1AP Archers or slingers . but were probably only found among the Aquitanians.after 100 BC: Cavalry . GALLIC 400 BC . supported by the light troops. GH. surplus plashing is lost. won a decisive victory over a combined Gallic army in 60 BC and occupied part of Gaul until defeated by Julius Caesar in 58 BC. Plashing is the twisting together of branches to make a barrier. slaves. the last in 216 BC. 1/48.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Set-up wagon laager for camp . to which they had no reply. successfully intervening when the cavalry were beaten. A typical example of an offensive battle is the Sambre in 57 BC. Ag 3 until 225 BC. or in chariot . 2/49. 2/32. 2/33. The Gauls living in North Italy (who handed the Romans a series of crushing disasters. BUAf. Rd. They fought naked with considerable dash. 2/13. 13 . DH. SH. S.Irr Cv (O) @ l 1AP Chariots . bound by oath not to survive their leader’s death in battle. 1/47. whose command cannot include any other troops. Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP [Reg Ax or Ps] Only from 340 BC: Penteconters . O.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Mount some Hypaspists on horses as Dimachae . joining the Syracusans and Phokians as the third great artillery power. 1/47. It includes the battles of Chaironeia. remainder Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Agrianian javelinmen .319 BC Warm.Reg Pk (O) @ 24 AP 0 or 2 Companions .TF @ 1AP 0. Wd.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Thracian peltasts .Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP 1 1 1 2-4 0-16 0-4 0-1 0-3 0-2 2-4 2-4 ¼ to ½ 2-10 0-2 0-1 0-2 0-1 1-6 1-3 0-12 2-6 0-2 1 per companions 4-12 This list covers the armies of Philip II and Alexander the Great from Philip’s reforms to Alexander’s Skythian campaign of 329 BC.Irr El (O) @ 16AP [not until 321 BC] Persian archers and slingers . Alexander acquired Macedonia’s first large warships during his conquest of Asia Minor. Rd. notably against the Skythians.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. ALEXANDRIAN MACEDONIAN 359 BC .Reg Bts (X) @ 6AP [Art (S)] Only if C-in-C is Alexander in 329 BC: Asiatic Hippakontistai .Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Only from 352 BC to 329 BC if C-in-C is Philip II or Alexander: Thessalian cavalry . One possibility is that they were no longer specialists. phalangites may have exchanged pikes for javelins as they did at sieges. F. V.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP. S.Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Only from 356 BC: Greek “old mercenary” peltasts .Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP 2-4 Macedonian. Issos and Gaugamela. and became a fanatic on the subject. As of 16/08/11 12. Alexander used bolt-shooters in a few field battles. all phalangites of a command using it must be Ax (O). remainder triares .Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-2 Greek allied hoplites . Philip and Alexander’s “old mercenaries” were sometimes deployed in difficult terrain. 1/56.Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Hypaspists . The weight of current evidence suggests Hypaspists can be equated to the Macedonians with hoplon shield on the Alexander sarcophagus and did not adopt the sarissa until after the Skythian campaign. RF. C-in-C . though Alexander relaxed this in India.Reg Pk (O) @ 4AP 14-48 Cretan or Macedonian archers . Agrianian or Rhodian slingers . BUA. 1/43.List: Later Hoplite Greek (Bk 2/5) Only if C-in-C is Philip II in 338BC: Regrade C-in-C as Hypaspists . SH.up to ¼ Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP. DH. or servants/grooms .Reg Gal (I) @ 3AP [any regular foot] Stone-throwers .Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP 0-2 per general Ditch and palisade to protect camp . Philip and Alexander both banned wagons as a hinderance to mobility. but are not described skirmishing.Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP 0-16 Camp .Reg Ax (S) @ 25AP or Reg Pk (S) @ 25AP Upgrade Kn (F) sub-general (as Alexander) to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra Only if C-in-C is Alexander from 338 BC to 329 BC: Upgrade Kn (F) C-in-C (as Alexander) to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra Upgrade all Agrianian javelinmen to Reg Ps (S) @ 3AP Replace phalangites’ pikes with javelins . or pack-mules . 2/5. 1/63.Reg Art (S) @ 10AP Only from 335 BC: Greek allied or mercenary cavalry .Reg Ps (S) @ 3AP [can support Greek mercenary cavalry] or Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP Bolt-shooters . Philip II had a nasty experience with artillery fighting Phokis in 353 BC.Reg Kn (F) in single-based wedge @ 1l AP 2-6 Prodromoi . Ag 4.all Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP or all Reg Pk (S) @ 5AP Only if C-in-C is Philip II from 356 BC to 352 BC or Antipatros from 334 BC to 323 BC: Thessalian allies . Granikos. 2/15. just men unable to afford hoplite equipment. E: 1/6.as above or Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP 1-2 Sub-general .Reg Art (O) @ 8AP Triares . 1/62.Reg LH (S) @ 7AP 1 per 2-3 companions Phalangites . 14 .Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Illyrians .Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP Only if C-in-C is Alexander before 330 BC or Antipatros from 334 BC: Galleys: up to ½ penteres and tetrares . and that of the regent Antipatros from 334 to 319 BC.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. GH.Reg Gal (O) @ 5AP.Reg Cv (I) @ 6AP Odrysian Thracian and/or Paionian light horse . 2/7. When on forced marches or in difficult terrain or at sieges.Reg Mtd Ax (S) @ 6AP Only if C-in-C is Antipatros from 322 BC to 319 BC: Elephants . A hoplon was found in Philip’s tomb. If this option is used. 1/35.Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP [any Reg foot] Artillery boats . 2/6. Rv.Reg Kn (F) in single-based wedge @ 31AP 1 Sub-general . or 1-2 per Bge (O) Only if C-in-C is Philip II before 357 BC: Downgrade phalangites to troops not yet retrained as pikemen . 1/48. List: Campanian. and were the only Italian nation whose military qualities the Romans feared. However. G. The later kings used some mercenaries. Ag 1. GH.as above. Ag 0.up to ¼ Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP. Rv.as above Cavalry . BUA. as can Etruscans. The wooded hills of their home territory were ideally suited to such tactics. RF. Their main strength was in swift moving javelin-armed infantry.List: Campanian. 2/33.17 AD): Mercenary thureophoroi .Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP 20-64 Archers . Umbrians and Gauls. although the nationality of these is uncertain. 2/34. Apulian. they were prepared to fight it out in the open if necessary. 1/57.Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Thracian mercenaries .Irr Kn (I) @ 8AP 0-6 Cavalry . 2/8. 2/5.Irr Kn (I) @ 18AP 1 Sub-general . SAMNITE 355 BC . 2/11. Wd. Lucanian or Bruttian (Bk 2/5) Volsci and/or Hernici allies .Irr LH (O) @ 4AP 6-12 Foot . Most of these may have been Greeks paid off by Alexander.List: Gallic (Bk 2/11) 1 0-2 2-5 25-95 0-2 per general 0. ARIARATHID KAPPADOKIAN 330 BC . or ally-general .Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP.Reg Ps (S) @ 3AP Mercenary slingers and archers .Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Camp . 2/15. Apulians. SH. and Volsci/Hernici can be used together. organised in cohorts and legions.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP. 2/28. or pack-mules .Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP Mercenary peltasts . was famous for its horses and its fruit orchards. brave and resolute even in adversity.List: Camillan Roman (Bk 2/10) Campanian allies .List: Early Armenian and Gordyene (Bk 2/28) Only Ariarathes III and successors (255 BC . O.TF @ 2AP Roman allies .Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Infantry .List: Italian Hill Tribes (Bk l/36) Etruscan allies . According to Livy they were warlike.List: Attalid Pergamene (Bk 2/34) Kappadokia was in central eastern Asia Minor. Etruscan and Umbrian (Bk 1/55) Gallic allies . 14. Rd. If possible they would ambush the enemy rather than risk a pitched battle. This list covers Kappadokian armies from the collapse of the Achaemenid Persian monarchy until the defeat of Ariarathes by Perdikkas. Apulian. As of 16/08/11 13. 0-4 0-2 0-2 0-1 0-8 0-2 0-2 0-4 15 . Rd. Campanians. They fought long and hard against the Romans in a series of wars from 343 BC to 272 BC. F. one of Alexander the Great’s successors.Irr Wb (S) @ 5AP Only from 180 BC to 129 BC: Pergamene allies .Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Galatian mercenaries . E: 1/36. 2/17. O. Lucanian or Bruttian (Bk 2/5) Apulian allies .272 BC Warm.Irr Kn (I) @ 14AP 1-2 Downgrade generals of commands not including armoured horses to Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP if C-in-C or sub-general. and then from the recovery of the country by Ariarathes II with Armenian aid until its incorporation as a Roman province by Tiberius. Their preferred tactic was to surround an enemy and pelt him with javelins while avoiding hand-to-hand contact.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. 2/49.Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP or Reg Ax (S) @ 25AP Samnite sub-general . Roman. 2/30. 2/19. F. or 12AP if ally-general All/0 Noble cavalry on armoured horses . 2/10.Reg Sp (O) @ 25AP Mercenary hoplites . SH. The optional provision for armoured horses is based on the positioning of Kappadokian and Armenian cavalry at Gaugamela balancing Bactrian and Massagetae with armoured horses on the opposite wing and on the later Armenian use of cataphracts.17 AD Cool.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Ditch and palisade to defend camp @ 1AP Rock barricades and/or felled trees to hinder enemy movement . DH.List: Etruscan League (Bk l/5) Umbrian allies . Ariarathes I used mercenaries against Perdikkas. 2/56 C-in-C . WH.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP Thracian mercenaries . E: 2/6.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP or Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP 6-24 Camp .List: Early Latin. 2/48. and worshipped the mother goddess Ma. or wagons . BUA.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP 0-2 per general Only if C-in-C is Ariarathes I from 330 BC to 322 BC: Mercenary sub-general . remainder all Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP or Irr Ps (S) @ 4AP Only if C-in-C is Ariarathes II from 300 BC to 255 BC: Armenian allies . or pack-mules . C-in-C . Grading as (S) reflects not only their reputation but also many of them being armoured. GH. RF. or 1-2 per Bge (O) 0-12 This list covers Samnite armies from the foundation of the Samnite league. WH. Roman allies cannot be used with any other allies. DH.Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP 8-18 Light cavalry . Rv. 1/55.322 BC and 300 BC . 2/44.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. Ditch and palisade or drystone wall to protect camp .Irr El (O) @ 16AP Triakonters . Alexander ordered the construction of a fleet of hexeres in Phoenicia in his absence. Rv. Rd. E. He was also considering a fleet of even larger hepteres to be built at Babylon. Persians were recruited into pantodapoi pike phalanxes with Macedonian and Greek officers and file leaders. Ag 4.Reg Gal (S) @ 6AP. E: Alexander 2/1.Reg Kn (F) in single base wedge @ 31AP Sub-general .½ Reg Bw (X) @ 7AP. A 5th unit of Companions was formed.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Only from 324 BC to 323 BC: Replace hypaspists with Persian guard . The minimum marked * applies only if the army is led by the King or his Regent. courtesans.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Sogdian or Skythian hippotoxotai . or 1-2 per Bge (O) Up to 2 contingents 1 0-8 ½ to ¾ All or 0 ½ 0-4 This list covers the army of Alexander the Great from his invasion of India until its dismemberment after the murder of the regent Perdikkas. ALEXANDRIAN IMPERIAL 328 BC .DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. C-in-C . . Before his death Alexander was experimenting with a mixed phalanx comprising 3 ranks of Macedonians with pikes.Reg Ps (S) @ 3AP Cretan and Macedonian archers . 2/20.Irr LH (F) @ 4AP Bactrians . 2/3.Irr Bts (O) @ 2AP [any regular foot] Camp .Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP Slingers .Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Bolt-shooters . sutlers and soldiers’ women and children. These were larger than any other warships of the time and may have been intended for use against Carthage. on double base.Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP Greek mercenary peltasts .Reg Art (O) @ 8AP Elephants . scarlet and royal blue uniform. Triakonters and a few larger galleys were used on the Indus and accompanied the army home along the coast.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP.Reg Bw. BUAf. RF.Reg Kn (F) @ 11AP Thessalian or Greek mercenary cavalry . GH. Only after 323 BC: Replace Macedonian phalangites with pantodapoi . but the project was mostly abandoned after his death. or wagons and dependents . Paropamisadae or similar hippakontistai.Reg Ps (O) @2AP Greek mercenary hoplites . together with a navigable canal to get them to the Persian Gulf.Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Hypaspists . Perdikkas 2/12. The army‘s base is taken to be Babylonia (or Bactria?).as above.List: Classical Indian (Bk 2/3) Only if C-in-C is Alexander before 323 BC: Upgrade C-in-C to Brilliant general @ 25 AP extra Only from 324 BC: Persian slingers and archers . Instead.Reg Pk (O) @ 4AP Agrianians . Alexander relaxed his ban on baggage and followers after his Persian campaigns and a camp can include the royal tent. WW or S. remainder trieres . then 12 ranks of Persians with bows or javelins. then a final rank of Macedonians with pikes. Most hypaspists were sent home in 324 and the remainder (now called Argyraspids “silver shields) supplemented by a Persian guard of “apple-bearer” spearmen and archers dressed in a “flame-colour” (yellow?). 2/2. ½ (X) @ 7AP. 16 . and the hypaspists were now certainly pike-armed. They were sufficiently unproven at this time to be downgraded to (I).Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. O. ½ (O) @ 3AP. Greek and other mercenaries were progressively left behind as garrisons for conquered territory. represented as 1 row of Macedonian pikemen and l of Persian archers. pages.Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Arachosians. As of 16/08/11 15.Reg Pk (S) @ 5AP Phalangites . Alexander’s death before his expedition to Arabia meant that it was never used in action. ½ (S) @ 4AP on double base Replace phalangites and Persian Ps (O) with experimental phalanx . mostly of Persians.321 BC Dry.Reg Pk (I) @ 3AP Replace triaconters with up to ½ Hexeres .Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP [regular foot] 1 1-2 3-8 0-1 4-6 2-3 0-3 *4-8 14-24 2-6 4-8 0-2 0-4 0-8 0-8 0-2 0-4 0-4 0-2 per general 0. 2/14.TF @ 1AP Only before 324 BC: Indian allies . The prodromoi had been drafted into the Companions and replaced by Asiatic light horse. or Reg Pk (O) @ 24 AP Companions in single base wedge . tame philosophers.Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP Thracian or Illyrian foot . Rv. so upgrading to this is optional.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP 1-6 Pantodapoi phalangites .Irr El (O) @ l6AP Extra xystophoroi .Irr Ps (I) @ 1AP 0-6 Bolt-shooters .Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Only Antigonos or Demetrios from 320 BC to 285 BC: Elephants . 1/62.Reg Pk (O) @ 4AP Replace Irr Cv (O) with Greek mercenary or Thessalian cavalry .Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP [any Reg foot] Only Antigonos from 320 BC to 301 BC: Regrade C-in-C as Reg Pk (O) @ 24AP Median and Parthian horse archers . Demetrios became King of Macedon in 294. Thracian or other irregular heavy cavalry . 2/17. 2/19. BUAf.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Only Eumenes from 317 BC to 316 BC: Elephants brought from India by Eudamos .Reg Pk (S) @ 5AP Hypaspists .TF @ 1AP 0.Up to ½ Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP.Irr El (O) @ 16AP Only Alketas in 320 BC: Pisidian peltasts .Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-6 Akontistai (javelinmen) .Reg Gal (S) @ 6AP [any Reg foot] Penteres . 2/17. Eumenes was not Macedonian but Greek. Wd.Irr Bts (O) @ 2AP [Pirates] Pirates . or wagons and dependents . As of 16/08/11 16. Arachosian. Demetrios only: S.Irr Bge (I) @ 2AP. The most important of these were Antigonos One-Eye.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. RH. Pisidians and Pamphylians . others 2/16. 2/27. S or WW (unless Eumenes). Eumenes’ new hypaspists were probably other remnants of Alexander’s phalangites collected from satraps’ guards. his son Demetrios the Besieger. Paphlagonian. but was a lazy and unpopular ruler and was expelled 6 years later.Reg WWg (S) @ l4AP or Irr Shp (X) @ 6AP [Sp or Pk] Stone-throwers . 17 .Reg Kn (F) in single-element wedge @ 11AP Tarentines . Pisidian or other irregular light cavalry .Reg Gal (O) @ 5AP [Ax] [any Reg foot] Trieres . not Alexander’s veterans.Reg Art (O) @ 8AP 0-2 Camp . Siege or sea towers can only be deployed if the enemy has PF and their own army has no elephants.Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP 3-8 Median. Rd. remainder peltasts . charismatic and immensely popular with mercenaries gives the impression of being slightly bored by conventional warfare) are perhaps marginal candidates for Brilliant status. Xystophoroi were lancers equivalent to Alexander’s Companions. He was regarded by the other Successors as “not one of us” and “too clever by half’.all Reg Pk (O) @ 4AP or all Reg Pk (I) @ 3AP 8-20 Greek mercenary foot: up to ½ Hoplites . 2/18. 2/16. Pantodapoi were mostly Asiatics with Macedonian and Greek officers and file leaders. 2/19. 2/22.Reg Kn (F) in single-element wedge @ 31AP 1-2 Regrade sub-general as Reg Pk (O) @ 24AP 0-1 Xystophoroi . SH. C-in-C .Reg Art (S) @ 10AP Artillery ships . He turned out to have exceptional military talent.Irr Ax (I) @ 1AP Athenian tetreres .Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP 8-20 Macedonian or Cretan archers and other mercenary archers and slingers .Irr Shp (I) @ 2AP [Reg foot. Asian colonist. 0-2 per general Ditch and palisade or drystone wall to protect camp . and Antigonos’ great enemy Eumenes.Reg Kn (F) in single-element wedge @ 31AP 1 Sub-general . O. 2/5. 2/20. Demetrios 1/62. 2/18. Argyraspids were the old hypaspists re-enlisted by Eumenes despite their advancing age. DH. E = Antigonos 1/6.Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP 0-2 0-4 0-2 0 or 1 0-2 0-6 0-3 2-3 1-2 7-15 0-3 0 or 1 0-16 0-2 0-2 0-1 0 or 6-8 1 per lembi 0-2 0-6 0 or 1 1 3-8 0-4 8-24 5 12-24 This list represents the armies of all the Asia-based early successors to Alexander after the murder of the regent Perdikkas in 321 BC. and had been Alexander’s military secretary.Reg Pk (O) @ 4AP Persian archers and slingers .Reg Gal (O) @ 4AP [Irr Sp (O) or Ps] Transports . 2/20.Reg Bts (X) @ 6AP [Art (S)] Pirate lembi . Arty or Bge (O)]] Only Eumenes from 320 BC to 316 BC: Upgrade C-in-C to Brilliant general @ extra 25AP Upgrade foot sub-general to Reg Pk (S) @ 25AP Argyraspids .Reg Kn (F) in single-element wedge @ l 1AP 0-2 Satrapal. or 1-2 per Bge (O) Any except Eumenes: Hepteres or Hexeres . RF.Irr LH (F) @ 4AP Lykians. The (I) option reflects the possibility that language disparity (or more likely a sense of inferiority) reduced their effectiveness. Ag 2 if Eumenes. The Macedonian phalangites of this the list were new recruits from Macedonia.Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Only Demetrios from 315 BC to 285 BC: Upgrade C-in-C to Brilliant general @ extra 25AP Athenian and other Greek allied hoplites . ASIATIC EARLY SUCCESSOR 320 BC .Reg LH (O) @ 5AP Macedonian phalangites .Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. except Ptolemy and Seleukos. F.285 BC Warm.Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP. rest Irr Sp (O) @ 4AP Siege or sea towers . but became the victim of treachery in 316 when despite winning a battle he was handed over to the loser (Antigonos) by the Argyraspids in exchange for their captured baggage! Eumenes and Demetrios (who although innovative. 3 if not. Pamphylians. 2/5. and their troops can be split as desired between the generals. LYSIMACHID 320 BC . or wagons and dependents . 2/18. 2/6. 2/14. 1/47. 1/48.Reg Pk (O) @ 4AP Ex-Macedonian elephants . or 1-2 per Bge (O) Trieres .Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP 0-2 Paionian or Greek or Odrysian Thracian light horse . He had divided Demetrios’ elephants with Pyrrhos after they expelled the former from Macedon.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP 2-8 Upgrade Thracian light horse to noble cavalry . One of his best moves was to slaughter his own Illyrian mercenaries whose baggage had been looted by the enemy.Reg Kn (F) in single-element wedge @ 31AP 1-2 Regrade sub-general as Reg Pk (O) @ 24AP 0-1 Macedonian cavalry .Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-6 Thracian peltasts .Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Only after 288 BC: Macedonian phalangites . E = 1/43. 2/19. Rv.TF @ 1AP 0.Reg Art (O) @ 8AP 0-2 Camp .2/18) [See below] Only after 301 BC: Ex-Antigonid elephants . F. each ally contingent supplies the indicated number of elements from its full list (Kassandrids using Kassandros’ options although he was not present and the Seleucids all their elephants).Reg Kn (F) in single-element wedge @ l 1AP 2-4 Greek cavalry .Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP 0-20 Bolt-shooters . After 301 BC Lysimachos was the legitimate ruler of Lykia and Pamphylia so we assume his new recruits were more reliable. BF.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. remainder all Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP or Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP 4-48 Thracian archers or slingers . Thracians can be from the areas he controlled or subjects of an allied Thracian prince. yet was obviously an able politician and general.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-4 Paionian or similar javelinmen . 2/27 C-in-C .Irr Ax (I) @ 2AP Only from 302 BC to 301 BC: Seleucid allies . and later took over Macedon and western Asia Minor. Instead. S.Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP 0-8 Mercenary archers or slingers .List: Thracian (Bk 1/48) Only in 302 BC: Disaffected Lykians and Pamphylians . 2/16. DH. This alliance cannot include naval elements or other allies.Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP 0-8 Coastal Greek subject hoplites .Irr Kn (I) in single element wedge @ 8AP 0-1 Phalangites .Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP 0-6 Illyrians .List: Seleucid (Bk 2/19) [See below] Kassandrid allies .Irr Bge (I) @1AP.281 BC Cool. V.List: Macedonian Early Successor (Bk. The alliance between Lysimachos. not ally-generals. Wd. O. As of 16/08/11 17. 0-2 per general Ditch and palisade or drystone wall to protect camp . 18 .Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP [Ax] 0-4 Only from 313 BC to 302 BC: Thracian allies . 1/63. The 800 Lykians and Pamphylians that deserted from Lysimachos to Antigonos in 302 BC were probably a captured Antigonid garrison choosing to return to a more popular employer.Irr El (O) @ 16AP Lykians.Reg Pk (O) @ 4AP 7-16 Mercenary Greek foot: up to ¼ hoplites . Seleukos and Kassandros that defeated Antigonos at Ipsos in 301 BC cannot be simulated with the usual restrictions applying to allied contingents. Mysians or similar . GH. but only 1 general for the Kassandrids and 1-2 for the Seleucids. these are treated as sub-generals. since Lysimachos worked extremely hard at being unpopular. remainder peltasts .Irr El (O) @ 16AP 0-3 24-40 24-30 0-2 6-12 8-32 0-1 Lysimachos became governor of Thrace when Alexander died.up to ¼ Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP. He was defeated and killed by Seleukos in 281 BC and his sons could not retain control. This is the ideal army for a paranoid player who thinks his troops hate him. Rd.Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP.Reg Kn (F) in single-element wedge @ 31AP 1 Upgrade C-in-C to Brilliant general @ extra 25AP 0-1 Sub-general . Ag 2. Since they had chosen to put themselves under Lysimachos’ command as they thought him the best tactician. in case this had made them discontented and prone to desert! He was regarded by his contemporaries as “a villain and a barbarian”. SH. BUAf.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. BUA.Reg Pk (O) @ 4AP 8-24 Upgrade phalangites to hypaspists . 2/16. 2/30. Kassandros was the son of Antipatros. MACEDONIAN EARLY SUCCESSOR 319 BC .Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Only Polyperchon in 310 BC: Aitolian allies .Reg Gal (S) @ 6AP [Reg Ax].Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP Only Ptolemy Keraunos from 280 BC to 279 BC: Upgrade C-in-C on elephant to Reg El (O) @ 16+20=36AP Only Antigonos Gonatas after 277 BC: Galatians .Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP 12-24 Thracians .Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP 0-2 Tarentine or Macedonian light horse . but was never generally accepted. or 1-2 per Bge (O) Warships: up to 1 hexeres . E = Polyperchon 1/63.000 men lent to him by Antigonos “One Eye”. 2/31.Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP 0-2 Archers and slingers . He died in 298 and his sons could not hold the Kingdom. up to 2 trieres . O. They include Polyperchon.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP 0-2 per general Ditch and palisade or drystone wall to protect camp . or Ptolemy Keraunos from 280 BC to 279 BC: Macedonian xystophoroi . 2/17.List: Hellenistic Greek (Bk 2/31) Argive allies .Reg Art (S) @ 10AP 0-2 Camp .Reg Art (O) @ 8AP 0-2 Stone-throwers .Reg Pk (S) @ 5AP Up to ¼ Mercenary peltasts . ambitious and warlike wife of Alexander’s idiot half-brother Arridaios/Philip III.Reg LH (O) @ 5AP 0-1 Phalangites . Kassandros from 318 BC to 298 BC.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. C-in-C . Kassandros 2/5.as above 1-2 Greek mercenary heavy cavalry . Ptolemy Keraunos “The Thunderbolt” and Antigonos Gonatas “Knock-Knees”. Spartan and Argive allies must include hoplites. GH. He seized Macedon in 280.Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Only Kassandros from 318 BC to 302 BC: Subject-ally Greek hoplites . RF. Queen Olympias. is covered by the Later Macedonian list.List: Later Hoplite Greek (Bk 2/5) Only Olympias from 317 BC to 316 BC: Change C-in-C to Reg Bge (S) @ 26AP Epeirote allies . Ptolemy Keraunos 2/20. Wd. Kassandros. but not the latter’s father Demetrios Poliorcetes “The Besieger” or Eurydike (young. but was killed next year fighting Galatians when he fell off his elephant. Polyperchon was nominated by Antipatros to succeed him as regent in 319 BC. 2/18. but was bought off by and ended as a subordinate to Kassandros. Ptolemy Keraunos was a son of Ptolemy I.Reg Kn (F) in single-element wedge @ l 1AP 0-3 Only Polyperchon from 319 BC to 317 BC. The latter part of his reign. He seized control of Athens and was then accepted as King of Macedon.Irr El (O) @ 16AP 0-2 Bolt-shooters . after the remaining elephants had died of old age. Antigonos Gonatas became King of Macedon after defeating Galatians in 277 and reigned until 239. or pack-mules . Rd. and started in 318 with 4.Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP or Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP 0-2 Illyrians .Reg Gal (F) @ 5AP [Reg Ax].List: Hellenistic Greek (Bk 2/31) This list represents those early successors of Alexander whose main power base was in Macedonia. Olympias was Alexander’s mother.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP. 2/18. but who was deserted by her army and murdered with her husband on the orders of Olympias in 317). or wagons . SH. S. or Kassandros from 315 BC to 298 BC: Thessalian cavalry .Reg Gal (O) @ 5AP [Reg Ax] 0-4 Only Polyperchon from 319 BC to 315 BC. even if they did not manage to retain it continuously. Antigonos Gonatus 2/27. 1 6-12 0-6 1 0-12 All 0-4 19 . remainder penteres . She made a bid for power in 317 but was captured and killed in 316. 2/30.Reg Kn (F) in single-element wedge @ 31AP 1 Sub-general .Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Only Antigonos Gonatas in 272 BC: Spartan allies . 2/5. Ag 1. 2/27. Olympias from 317 BC to 316 BC. wife Roxane and 14 year old son in 310. As of 16/08/11 18. V.TF @ 1AP 0.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-4 Paionian or similar javelinmen . F.Irr Wb (S) @ 5AP Upgrade mercenary peltasts to thureophoroi . but not his heir. and later with the Aitoloian league.260 BC Warm.Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP 0-6 Elephants . Rv. He was responsible for the execution of Alexander’s mother in 316 and the murders of Alexander’s. He was briefly allied with Queen Olympias. Olympias 2/18. DH.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. S or WW.Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP 2-8 Scythed chariots . Rv. DH. 2/35. or loaded wagons . As of 16/08/11 19.Reg Kn (F) in single-element wedge @ 31AP 1 Sub-general . E.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.up to ¼ Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP. 2/34.Reg Kn (F) in single-element wedge @ 31AP 1 Sub-general: with argyraspids . RH. and half the elite Argyraspid pikemen into imitation legionaries after defeat by the Romans. 2/20.Reg Pk (O) @ 24AP 0-2 Companions .Reg Kn (F) in single-element wedge @ l 1AP 0-2 Agema .TF @ 1AP 0. RF. 2/17. All 0-20 0-½ 0-3 0-4 1-8 0-2 All All 0-3 0-3 0-12 0-1 0-2 All/0 ½ to all 20 . The Asiatic elephant herd was slaughtered by the Romans in 162. E = 1/6. 2/16. D. 2/23.List: Hellenistic Greek (Bk 2/31) Only after 167 BC: Replace Tarentines with city militia cavalry . or with phalanx . O.Reg LH (O) @ 5AP Only after 276 BC: Regrade line cavalry as Reg Kn (F) [not in wedge] @ 11AP Upgrade Reg Ax (O) to thureophoroi or thorakitai . 1/43. Maccabean Jewish allies can include only troops marked *.Reg Kn (F) in single-element wedge @ 11 AP 0-2 Line cavalry . 2/43.Reg Exp (O) @ 8AP 0-4 Elephant escorts .Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP {Reg Ax] Only after 245 BC: Galatians .Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP.List: Parthian (Bk 2/37) This list covers the Seleucid Kingdom from its foundation by Alexander’s general Seleukos until its abolition by Pompey.Reg Bd (O) @ 7AP Only from 145 BC to 125 BC: African elephants . 2/18.Reg Gal (O) @5AP [Reg Ax]. BUAf.Irr LH (I) @ 3AP 0-2 Thracians .Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP 0-2 per general Ditch and palisade or drystone wall to protect camp . or 1-2 per Bge (O) Only before 280 BC: Median longchophoroi and similar Asiatic javelin-armed light horse .Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP to Only from 280 BC to 162 BC: Elephants . or pack camels . remainder Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP 1-2 per El Cretans . 2/30. 2/28.List: Maccabean Jewish (Bk 2/43) or Hasmonean Jewish (Bk 2/50) Only from 140 BC: Elymaians and other Parthian allies . 2/22.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-4 Asiatic archers and slingers . 2/3.up to ½ Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP. 2/37. 2/33. remainder trieres .Irr Hd (O) @ 1AP 0-8 Kappadokians .Irr El (I) @ l2AP Only from l45 BC: Jewish allies .Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Elephants .Reg LH @ 5AP 0-2 Median.69 BC Warm.Irr El (O) @ 16AP Only before 189 BC: Extra Tarentines .Irr LH (F) @ 4AP 1-3 Argyraspids . Ag 2.Reg Pk (O) @ 4AP 4-24 Mercenary Greek peltasts .Irr Bge (I) @1AP. V. SELEUCID 320 BC . remainder Irr Wb (S) @ 5AP Only if commanded by Antiochus III from 220 BC to 190 BC: Upgrade C-in-C to Brilliant general @ extra 25AP Only after 205 BC: Upgrade generals to Reg Kn (X) @ 33AP Upgrade agema to Reg Kn (X) @ 13AP Upgrade line cavalry to Reg Kn (X) @ 13AP Only from 191 BC to 190 BC: Aitolian allies . Parthian or Skythian horse archers . GH.Reg Pk (S) @ 25AP.Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP 0-6 Bolt-shooter .Reg Ax (I) @ 3AP Upgrade argyraspids to “Roman Argyraspids” . Xystophoroi were mostly converted into cataphracts after war with the Parthians. 2/2.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-1 per 4 Pk Other levies . C-in-C . 2/19. 1/48. Pamphylians and Lykians . but African elephants were obtained in 145.Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP 0-8 Bedouin camelry . 2/14.Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP 0-6 Pisidians.Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP 2-12 Tarentines .Reg Cv (I) @ 6AP or Reg LH (O) @ 5AP Replace any regular foot with city militia thureophoroi . Rd.Reg Pk (S) @ 5AP 3-12 Phalanx .Irr El (O) @ 16AP Warships: up to ½ tetreres and larger .Reg Art (O) @ 8AP 0-2 Camp . M. 1/62. Alexandria. Bedouin or Jewish garrisons and border guards . 2/51 C-in-C . Rv.Irr Bts (O) @ 2AP Only before 274 BC: Macedonian phalangites .as above Regrade sub-general as Reg Pk (O) @ 24AP Xystophoroi . 2/18. 1/58. 21 .Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Ditch and bank or drystone wall to protect camp .Reg Pk (I) @ 3AP Thureophoroi .Reg Pk (O) @ 4AP or Reg Pk (I) @ 3AP Kilikian or Syrian ex-brigands or pirates.Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Indian elephants . few of the depictions identified as “imitation legionaries” show armour and none show pila or gladius.Reg Bd (O) @ 7AP Rioting mob . exiles and runaway slaves .Reg Kn (F) in single-element wedge @ 31AP Sub-general . African elephants of the small forest species were tamed after the line of supply for Indian elephants was blocked by the Seleucids.Reg LH (O) @ 5AP Agema .Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP African elephants . was prone to riot. BUAf.Irr Shp (I) @ 2AP [Any regular.Reg Ax (O) @ 3AP Gabinian or Antonine remnant legionaries .Irr Wb (S) @ 5AP Mercenary Greek cavalry with felt barding .Irr Bd (F) @ 5AP Only from 203 BC to 196 BC: Aitolian mercenary cavalry .Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP or Irr Wb (S) @ 5AP Phalangites .TF @ 1AP Hexeres and larger . GH. RF.Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP Transports . Caesar reports that the army of his day largely comprised brigands and ex-pirates from Kilikia and Syria. 2/16.Reg Pk (O) @ 4AP Egyptian phalangites .Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP Only 312 BC to 274 BC: Kilikian or other akontistai (javelinmen) . some troops may have been equipped in Roman-style as “imitation legionaries”.Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP Only after 54 BC: Celtic bodyguard .Reg Ps (S) @ 3AP Replace Pk (I) phalangites with Nubian axemen . PTOLEMAIC 320 BC .Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Egyptian. The C-in-C can always dismount as Pk (S) or any 1 sub-general as Pk (O). The provision for a river simulates a fordable branch of the Nile delta. Cretan and Pisidian peltast regiments were javelin-skirmishers with helmets and small round shields.Reg Pk (O) @ 4AP Greek mercenary peltasts .Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP Thracians .Irr LH (I) @ 3AP Bolt-shooter .30 BC Dry. The non-Egyptian population of the capital.Reg Gal (S) @ 6AP [Reg Ax] Penteres . 1/56. D. or 1-2 per Bge (O) 0-1 0-4 0-4 0-6 0-3 7-24 12-32 0-4 0-2 19-48 0-1 per 2 Pk (O) 12-32 0-4 0-2 0-3 0-2 All/0 0-4 0-4 0-2 0-10 0-8 0-1 0-12 4-12 0-10 0-20 This list covers the armies of Macedonian Egypt from the death of Alexander to the deaths of Cleopatra and Marcus Antonius.Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Galatians . 2/20. E = 1/7.Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Only after 167 BC: Imitation legionaries . so possibly depict ordinary thureophoroi. However. G.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.Reg Gal (O) @ 5AP [Reg Ax] Trieres .Irr El (O) @ 16AP Only from 274 BC to 54 BC: Macedonian phalangites . S or WW or Rv. exiles and runaway slaves.Reg Ax (I) @ 3AP Bedouin camelry .Reg Kn (F) in single-element wedge @ l 1AP Greek mercenary cavalry .Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Aitolian javelinmen . or Bge (O)] Replace transports with river boats . native Egyptians being too unreliable to be trusted except in emergency. The Gabinian legionaries left behind by a previous Roman expedition had once been good troops.Irr El (I) @ 12AP Only after 2l5 BC: Regrade Galatian Wb to Irr Bd (I) @ 4AP Cretan or Pisidian peltasts or pseudo-velites . As of 16/08/11 20. 2/19.TF @ 2AP Camp .Reg Art (O) @ 8AP Earthwork fort to protect artillery . Ag 1.Reg Kn (I) @ 10AP Nubian or Galatian cavalry .Reg Pk (S) @ 5AP Cretan archers and/or Rhodian slingers .Irr Hd (F) @ 1AP 1 1-2 0-1 2-5 0-3 1-4 0-8 0-8 0-5 0-8 0-2 0-3 0 or 2-4 per Art 0-2 per general 0.Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Tarentine and similar light horse .Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. The army was mostly of military settlers and mercenaries. 2/49. Rd. At some time after Pydna in 168 BC. or pack-camels . Wd. E = 1/43. swords. or to Irr Kn (F) @ l9AP if C-in-C. short knives and armour”. stretching from Szechwan and Kansu into Tibet. BUAf. Their weaponry is described as “bows.403 AD).Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP or Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Camp . both are sometimes thought to be related to the Tibetans. It was eventually reconquered by the Eastern Chin of southern China. Wu-huan. DH. Ag 3.Reg Kn (F) @ 31AP 0-2 Replace armoured tribal infantry with Chinese cavalry . 2/61.all Irr LH (F) @ 4AP or all Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Unarmoured tribal infantry . which also included a large number of ethnic Chinese cavalry levied from the rich and the nobility. 2/79. Pre-Dynastic Khitan or Hsi (Bk 2/61) [may include regular infantry] Hsiung-nu allies . Its king Fu Chien failed in an attempt to conquer the south in 383. 2/4. since the Han recruited Ch’iang cavalry and some Ti cavalry are attested under Former Ch’in. or loaded wagons or flocks and herds . which briefly ruled all northern China. In the 2nd century AD. 2/38. 14AP if ally Upgrade cavalry to Irr Kn (X) @ l l AP or Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP 1 1-3 4-15 20-64 1-2 per 2 Ax (O) 10-32 0-2 per general 0-6 Any 0-½ Only Former Ch’in from 351 AD to 394 AD: Upgrade C-in-C to Reg Kn (F) @ 31AP 0-1 Upgrade ally-generals to sub-generals . (The Ti of this list are not the same nation as the Ti of the Early Northern Barbarian Book l list. spears.347 AD). 16AP if ally. and fought both for and against Han China. local Chinese joined Ch’iang revolts in l l l AD and.TF @ 1AP 0 or 1-2 per Bge (O) Hsien-pi allies .214 AD.Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP. but it is not clear how they fought.417 AD) and Later Liang (385 . After 302 AD. As some Ch’iang infiltrated into Han territory in north-western China. China. 2/21.½ spearmen or halberdiers . GH. One Ti group founded the kingdom of Cheng-Han in Szechwan (302 . Other Ti and Ch’iang states.Irr LH (F) @ 9AP or Irr Cv (O) @ 12AP or Irr Ax (S) @ 9AP Cavalry .Reg Kn (F) @ l 1AP 0-4 Replace unarmoured tribal infantry with Chinese conscripts . The partly fictionalised “Chronicle of Fu Chien” describes a huge army of low quality troops levied by the Former Ch’in for the battle of the Fei River in 383. in 184 . Another Ti clan set up the Former Ch’in dynasty (351 . 2/41. 2/29. suggesting that they did not fight in close formations.Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Armoured tribal infantry . The Ti of northern Szechwan are often associated with them and may have been related.417 AD Cheng-Han from 302 AD to 347 AD: Warm. 4th-century AD Ch’iang and Ti troops are said to have scattered easily. 22 .394 AD).Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Archers . the first barbarian kingdom to be set up on Imperial soil as the Western Chin collapsed.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Only from 110 AD to 214 AD: Hsiung-nu allies .Reg Bw (I) @ 4AP 8-36 Chinese conscript skirmishing archers . Rv. Rd. An account of an earlier Former Ch’in battle describes cavalry officers with Chinese names charging repeatedly to close quarters with no concern for their flanks and capturing standards. SH. They had some horsemen.century AD Ch’iang adopted the cataphract equipment used by the Hsien-pi and some other tribal cavalry in N. Others: Cool.Irr Hd (S) @ 2AP Only after 302 AD: Upgrade generals to Irr Kn (X) @ 21AP if C-in-C.List: Hsiung-nu or Yuan-yuan (Bk 2/38) Chinese frontier peasant rebels . They may have fought as nomad-style horse archers or closer to the Chinese style. successors to Former Ch’in in the north. E.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-1 per 6 Reg Sp and Reg Bw Camp defences to protect baggage . It is probable that 4th. RF.List: Hsiung-nu or Juan-juan (Bk 2/38) Only Former Ch’in from 357 AD to 385AD Downgrade C-in-C (as Fu Chien) to Inert general @ reduction of 75 AP Only Former Ch’in in 383 AD: Chinese mass levy . were Later Ch’in (384 . C-in-C – Irr LH (F) @ l4AP or Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP or Irr Ax (S) @ 14AP Ally-general . As of 16/08/11 21. along with Hsiung-nu and others. F. CH’IANG AND TI 315 BC .Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP.List: Hsien-pi. also O. 2/63.) Ch’iang and Ti fought mostly as infantry. They were never united.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.Irr Hd (O) @ 1AP 0-12 The Ch’iang were a group of tribes on the hilly western borders of China. Hsiung-nu groups frequently assisted Ch’iang rebellions. remainder crossbowmen . and the kingdom collapsed soon after. 2/22.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Camp .240 AD Dry. 2/23.197 AD. 2/64.Irr Kn (X) @ 21AP if general.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP or Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP or Irr Bw (O) @ 4AP Slingers . Bw] Dry stone wall . or caravan guards . derived from myrrh.222 AD. but Parthian and Hellenistic influenced. 2/51.Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP or Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Archers . Stampeding camels were used by King Obodas against the Judaean infantry of Alexander Yannai.Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Horse archers . As of 16/08/11 22. the Arabayan kingdom of Hatra l50 BC . There are also several inscriptions that refer to cavalry companions and one to a chiliarch of the Hephaestions.Irr LH (I) @ 3AP.as above or Irr LH (F) @ 14AP or Irr Bd (O) @ 15AP Cavalry . SFRt.and several are known with the Greek titles “strategos”.Irr Ps (X) @ 6AP Only Hatra fram 200 AD: Stone-throwers . 8AP if not All Upgrade archers to Reg Bw (O) @ 5AP 0-12 Upgrade horse archers to Reg LH (F) @4AP 1 per 2 Reg Bw Only Nabataea in 31 BC: Ptolemaic allies .Irr Bd (I) @ 4AP Javelinmen .Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Any 0-1 2-4 Any 0-6 0-4 0-2 0-2 2-4 This covers most of the Aramaic-speaking. it can only be used from PF. or loaded pack camels . since one officer from the period of the Kingdom had the title “ qntrynd” . and Emesa 126 BC . or all Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP if general.Irr LH (F) @ 4AP Camel mounted scouts . The cataphract camels used by the Parthians in 217 AD may have been Hatrene. SF. Characene/Mesene 127 BC .Reg Art (O) @ 8AP Naphtha and scorpion-pot hurlers . The Nabataeans defeated Antigonids. burnt the remnants of Cleopatra’s fleet and fought fiercely against Herod the Great. 2/50. some at least of which were sagittarii and had their cavalry component also armed with bows. ARABO-ARAMAEAN 312 BC . RH. All except Nabataea: Rv. scouting and possibly trade route protection.Irr Cm (O) @ 6AP Swordsmen .Reg Art (S) @ 10AP Only Hatra from 235 AD to 240 AD: Roman auxiliaries .Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Only Nabataea from 312 BC to 106 AD: Stampeding camels .Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. 23 . and need not include any infantry unless the total number of elements in the allied contingent exceeds 12 including baggage. The kingdom was centred on the rock-city of Petra and was renowned for its wealth.000 cavalry and 2-3. E = 2/16. Ag 0. Since there is no record of its use in the field. Characene only: WW. frankincense and bitumen.centurion . Edessa 150 BC .106 AD.Irr Exp (O) @ 7AP Rafts or reed boats .198 AD. 2/43. GH. especially against its neighbours. Arab-ruled city states of Syria and Mesopotamia.Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP Only Characene: Northern Arabian nomad allies . 13AP if not Upgrade sub-general to Reg Ax (S) @ 25AP Guard infantry . On annexation. Nabataea provided at least 6 cohortes equitatae for the Roman army. which has its own list. Camels were not much used except for baggage.List: Parthian (Bk 2/37) Only Hatra from 116 BC to 225 AD: Cataphract camels . The majority of Nabataean troops were archers and some at least were regulars.72 AD. Emesa was always willing to help out the Romans with an allied contingent of 1. M. 2/69 C-in-C .Irr Bts (I) @ l AP [Ps. 2/56.TF @ 2AP l 1-2 2-4 6-24 0-3 0-8 8-24 32-96 0-10 0-2 per general 0-2 0-4 0-24 Only Nabataea from 250 BC to 106 AD: Upgrade sub-generals to Reg Bd (O) @ 27AP Any Upgrade other generals and cavalry to all Reg Kn (F) @ 31AP if general. O. A Hatrene allied contingent can therefore include Cm (S).DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. 2/59. l 1AP if not. L.List: Ptolemaic (Bk. but not Palmyra. 2/37. Allied contingents supplied by Nabataeans to other nations can include camel mounted scouts.l l5 AD.2/20) [can include non-compulsory troops] Any from 126 BC to 225 AD except Nabataea or Emesa: Upgrade generals and cavalry to cataphracts .240 AD.Reg Kn (X) @ 33AP if general. 2/19. F. It includes the Nabataean kingdom 312 BC . G. Hatra was defended by an exceptionally powerful force of artillery. Maccabees and Seleucids. suggesting Hellenistic-style xystophoroi rather than Parthian-style cataphracts.000 mainly archer foot. l 1AP if not Parthian allies . 2/44. Nabataea only: DH. Singara l47 BC .Irr Cm (S) @ 8AP Only Hatra from 100 AD to 240 AD: Bolt-shooters . Adiabene 126 BC .List: Later Pre-Islamic Arab (Bk 2/23) Only Emesa from 51 BC to 72 AD: Upgrade generals and cavalry to cataphracts . BUAf. D. “chiliarchos” and “hipparchos”.Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP Sub-general . G. Lakhmids and Ghassanids. RH. but other peoples emphasized the sword. and desert nomads including major tribal dynasties such as the Kinda. Allied contingents from this list can include nomad horsemen and/or camel-riders.Irr Hd (O) @ 1AP Only if Yemen or Oman: Dhow . G.Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP or Nomad Irr LH (O) @ 14AP Sub-general . C-in-C . E = 1/43.Irr Bd (O) @ 5AP Nomad or other archers . or loaded wagons .Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP Cavalry .List: Sassanid Persian (Bk 2/69) Only if Ghassanids in 586 AD: Byzantine allies . 2/56. 2/22.List: Maurikian Byzantine (Bk 3/17) This covers all minor independent Arab peoples between the widespread introduction of the horse and the final conversion of most Arabians to Islam.List. 2/26. EARLY RHOXOLANI SARMATIANS 310 BC . 2/69.633 AD Dry. the Sabean-Himyaritic agricultural kingdoms of the Yemen. 0 if not. BUAf.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. 2/25.Irr Shp (O) @ 3AP [Ax. 3/17. or loaded camels . GH.Irr LH (I) @ 3AP Nomad or other foot warriors – Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP if Yemen.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP or Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP Camp . 2/62.Irr LH (I) @ 3AP Peasants . As of 16/08/11 23. LATER PRE-ISLAMIC ARAB 312 BC . Those from Yemen favoured javelins. camel-riders and foot all count as Bedouin.as above Nobles .TF @ 1AP Skythian allies . BF.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP.Irr LH (O) @ 10 AP Non-nomad armoured cavalry .Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Wagons circled to protect camp . 3/4. youths. 2/37. S. Bd] Only if Lakhmids 240 AD to 602 AD. E = 2/19.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Mercenary javelinmen . and were late in converting to the armoured lancer. Rv. and need not include otherwise compulsory foot. as is attested by rock art throughout Arabia. This list covers the early period when most of them relied on bow and light spear.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Old men. D if not. Foot warriors fought as individuals but keeping in line. E. The normal minima of foot warriors and archers do not apply to allied contingents if no foot not replaced by camel warriors are included.Irr Kn (F) @ 19AP or Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP Sub-general . 2/48. DH.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. l 0-2 0-1 0-5 4-16 3-9 30-66 0-6 2-16 0-12 0-12 0-30 0-2 per general 0-1 per Bge 0-3 Any 0-18 24. Ag 3 if nomad C-in-C. in that order. 3/25. horsemen. Nomad horsemen are assumed to be largely unarmoured and to skirmish with light lances for loot and honour.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Nomad or other scouting camel riders . SF. 1/48. Allied contingents specified as nomad cannot include non-nomads. Rd if Yemen or Oman. 2/37. 2/74.Irr Cm (O) @ 6AP Camp .100 AD Cold.Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Nomad horsemen . C-in-C . 24 .as above Nomad ally-general . 2/49. It includes wealthy Arabian commercial/religious centres such as Yathrib (later called Medina). Ag 3. O. The Roman collective name for all these peoples was Saraceni (“people of the tents”). Skythian or Early Hu (Bk 1/43) 1 1-2 0-12 23-50 0-6 0-20 0-2 per general 0 or 1-2 per Bge (O) The Rhoxolani were among the earliest of the Sarmatian nations to contact the classical world. women and slaves with staves guarding baggage . sometimes with bow or spear. Different nomad tribes could not easily be combined due to jealousy and blood feuds. Kimmerian.lrr Ps (S) @ 3AP Replace nomad horsemen and/or foot warriors by nomad camel warriors .Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Adolescent scouts .Irr Bw (O) @ 4AP or Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Nomad or other slingers . Nomad generals. Irr Bd (I) @ 4AP if not Upgrade non-nomad foot warriors as armoured swordsmen . 2/56. 2/23. Yemen 575 AD to 602 AD or Oman 531 AD to 630 AD: Upgrade C-in-C and sub-generals to Irr Cv (S) @ 19AP Sassanid allies . Mecca and the cities of Oman. 2/47. Sarmatian cavalry depended on their formidable charge with a heavy lance. BUA. SF. excluding a period of Mithridatic rule after which it joined the Roman sphere. Quadi. They were considered useless when dismounted.Ps] Only in 310 BC: Thracian mercenaries . 2/70. 2/67. BF. Alamanni. F.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.375 AD Cool. F. Rv. GH. Middle or Late Imperial Roman (Bk. 2/26. 2/26.Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP or Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Slingers . 2/78. 2/56. some had started to farm and by the 4th century AD.TF @ 1AP Only Rhoxolani after 100 AD: Alan allies .all This list covers the Bosporan kingdom of the Crimea from the civil war of 310 BC untii its fall to the Huns.Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP Horse archers . Skythian or Early Hu (Bk 1) Only from 145 BC to 45 AD: Siracae allies . Ag 0. Herul. Sciri or Taifali (Bk 2/67) Only Iazyges from 373 AD to 375 AD: Quadi allies . Maiotian or similar archers . most lived in villages or even hill forts. he was prudent and cautious. DH. “Although a Sarmatian by birth. or loaded wagons . but that they once offered to raise a mass levy of foot. 2/67. Early Frankish. 2/64 or 2/78) Alan allies . V. Later Rhoxolani Sarmatians (Bk 2) Only after 41 AD: Upgrade citizen militia equipped “in the Roman style” to Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Bolt-shooters .Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP Sindi. Only Iazyges after 285 AD: B E = 1/43.Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP Only before 10BC: Skythian allies . 26.” These were evidently not expected qualities.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP.Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Sindi. Maiotian or similar javelinmen .Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP or Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Greek mercenary hoplites . It consisted of a Hellenized Skythian aristocracy ruling Greek colonies. 3/37. or “camerae” . Art (F) were once used to lure a Gothic army into an ambush. BOSPORAN 310 BC .List: Alan (Bk 2/58) Only Iazyges in 358 AD: Taifali allies . or Reg Ax (S) @ 25AP Noble lancers and retainers . Although originally nomadic.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Wagon circle to protect camp .Irr Kn (F) @ 19AP Sub-general .Lists: Early.as above. Bw. M. IAZYGES.Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP Only from 100 BC: Replace horse archers with Sarmatian-style lancers . LATER RHOXOLANI SARMATIANS 310 BC .Irr LH (F) @ 4AP Peasant skirmishers . 2/48. G. As of 16/08/11 25.as above Lancers . 0-12 1 1-2 16-60 0-6 0-9 0-12 0-2 per general 0 or 1-2 per Bge (O) 25 .Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP [any regular foot]. Rv. or 1-2 per Bge (O) 0-2 **4-12 **4-8 ½ . Ag 3.TF @ 1AP Trieres . 2/48.List. BUAf. 2/64. Iazyges. 2/58. Only after 41 AD or if Siracae: Wd. 2/24. E = 1/43.Irr Bts (O) @ 2AP [Ax. 2/25. Although carrying a weak bow. Rugian or Turcilingi (Bk 2/72) This list covers the Siracae and Iazyges Sarmatians from their first contact with the classical world.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Mass levy . Suevi.List: Kimmerian.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Camp .375 AD Cool.Irr Hd (O) @ 1AP Camp .Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Wagons circled to protect camp . or loaded wagons .Reg Art (O) @ 8AP or Reg Art (F) @ 10AP Eastern Roman allies .List: Siracae. 2/65.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. 2/56. C-in-C . RH. the Kontos (“barge pole”). SIRACAE. S. GH. 2/58.Irr LH (F) @ 4AP Bosporan Greek citizen militia . and the Rhoxolani from their change to similar equipment around 100 AD. 2/24.Irr Kn (F) @ 19AP Sub-general . 2/52. 2/25.List: Alan (Bk 2/58) ¼-½ 0-3 1 1-2 4-6 16-36 *4-8 *4-16 *8-16 *2-12 0-2 per general 0. Tacitus wrote that the Iazyges sole effective strength was in their cavalry.Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP Adolescent scouts .List: Early Ostrogothic. Minima marked * or ** apply if any troops so marked are used. Their character is illustrated by the description of a Roman general.107 BC and 10 BC . C-in-C . 2/56. Oscans are Bruttian. This was not compatible with the long xyston formerly used by Epeirot and Macedonian cavalry. or pack mules .List: Early Armenian and Gordyene (Bk 2/28) Media Atropatene allies . 2/49. He reorganised Epeirot infantry into Macedonian-style phalangites and was probably responsible for the spread of shield use among Hellenistic cavalry. Unless in Italy or Sicily: DH.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP or Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP Javelinmen . 2/80. 2/18.627 AD Cold.Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP Ex-Seleucid phalangites . 2/58. Rd. Acarnanian and Athamanian light horse .Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Camp . As of 16/08/11 27. F.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP.Irr Wb (S) @ 5AP 0-2 *2-4 *2-16 All/0 *2-12 All/0 All 0-8 1 0 or 1 1-2 2-3 2-5 1-3 12-48 8-16 0-12 0-2 per general 0 or 1-2 per Bge (O) 0-4 This is the army of Pyrrhos of Epeiros. Lucanian or Samnite native Italians. 2/64.Irr Kn (X) @ 16AP Cataphracts . Rv.as above Ally-general of same nation . Rd. 2/10.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Only if Armenian: Hiberian cavalry . 28. rated by Hannibal as the best general of all time. Plutarch describes him still personally using the xyston in his later battles. 2/14.Reg Pk (I) @ 3AP Pioneers and camp servants . L. remainder Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Only if Armenian from 83 BC to 69 BC: Downgrade C-in-C (as Tigranes) to Inert general accompanied by 4 panting subservient kings on foot @ 75AP less Imitation legionaries . E = 1/47. remainder Reg Gal (O) @ 5AP [Ps (S). which invited him to protect them from the Romans. 2/17. 2/31 C-in-C .Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Camp . EARLY ARMENIAN AND GORDYENE 300 BC . RH. 2/16. CH.Reg Kn (F) in single-element wedge @ 31AP Upgrade C-in-C (as Pyrrhos) to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra. Rv. l at other dates.Reg Kn (F) in single-element wedge @ 31AP Epeirot or Macedonian cavalry .Reg Kn (F) in single-element wedge @ 11AP Thessalian.List: Later Pre-Islamic Arab (Bk 2/23) 1 0-1 1-2 6-12 10-24 12-24 8-48 0-6 0-2 per general 0-3 0-6 0-4 0-8 1 0-6 4-8 4-8 0-12 26 . 2/28. 2/44.272 BC Warm.Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Slingers . V.Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP or Reg Cv (I) @ 6AP Aitolian.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP Aitolian. SH.List: Parthian (Bk 2/37) Nomadic Arah allies .Irr Kn (X) @ 1l AP Horse archers .Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. 2/5.up to ½ Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP. F. 2/78.Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP Hiberian longchophoroi . RF. 2/9. Italiotes are from the Greek cities of Italy. 1/61. Ax] Only in Greece in 294 BC: Aetolian allies . Sp.Reg LH (O) @ 5AP Italiote hoplites .DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Ditch and palisade for camp . Athamanian and/or Italiote or Oscan javelinmen .Irr LH (F) @ 4AP Archers .List: Later Hoplite Greek (Bk 2/5) Only after 287 BC: Elephants . BUAf. Minima marked * apply only if any Oscans are used.Reg Pk (O) @ 4AP Archers or slingers .Irr Hd (O) @ 1AP Gordyene allies . BUA. DH. 2/56.Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Albanian cataphracts . E = 1/43. C-in-C . Ag 4. Wd. but also the origin of the term “Pyrrhic victory”. remainder Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP Only after 275 BC: Regrade sub-generals to Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP Regrade Kn (F) other than generals and upgrade Cv (I) to Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Only in Greece after 275 BC: Galatians . O. 2/37.Irr El (O) @ 16AP Only in ltaly from 280 BC: Tarentine cavalry . Sub-general . Oscan or Greek ally cavalry . PYRRHIC 300 BC . O.Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP Replace Italiote hoplites with Tarentine phalangites . 2/10.Irr Kn (I) @ 8AP Albanian infantry . RF. having become familiar with the use of shields by his Tarentine allies. Acarnanian.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Epeirot or Macedonian phalangities . S.Irr Kn (X) @ 21AP Sub-general (crown prince) . Ag 3 from 83 BC to 69 BC.Reg Pk (I) @ 3AP Oscan foot .Up to ¼ Reg Gal (S) @ 6AP. DH.TF @ 1AP Warships . 2/19. However.Up to ½ Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP. or pack mules . 2/69. Wd. List: Hunnic (Bk 2/80) Only if Gordyene from 147 BC to 225 AD: Bolt-shooters .Irr Bts (O) @ 2AP [Bd.Reg Art (O) @ 8AP 0-3 This list covers Armenia from its foundation as an independent kingdom until Heraklios established Byzantine control in 627 AD towards the end of the last great Byzantine war against the Sassanids. or an allied contingent taken from this list. K’un-Ming is a plain bordered by mountains to the north with a mild climate and renowned fror horseand cattle rearing and cereal growing. a general of the Chinese state of Ch’u. Gordyene was ethnically mostly Kurdish and is remarked upon by Pliny as an example of Hellenisation. A contemporary Albanian general attacked Pompey with a javelin. Albanians were neighbours of the Hiberians and are described as having cataphracts and psiloi. Axemen had a variety of disk. our main source for the warriors of the kingdom are dioramas of bronze figures in 60mm scale which were used to decorate the lids of bronze vessels. or with Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP All Only if Armenian from 450 AD to 451 AD: Hun allies . Pk or Ps] Only Tien: Upgrade all troops except Ps and Wb to regular . F. L. 2/41. while the Notitia Dignitatum includes units of Parthian. Rv.Irr Bd (I) @ 4AP Pikemen .List: Parthian (Bk 2/37) Alan allies . E = 1/49. Phalangites and imitation legionaries must be in the C-in-C’s command. C-in-C .We suggest using cataphract figures but with lances cut away or cut down. and helmets.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Skirmishing spearmen . He would have been a very bad subordinate. 5AP if Bd (I). 5AP if LH (O). 2/4. As of 16/08/11 Only if Armenian in 230 AD: Parthian remnant or Media Atropatene allies . Nomad influence cannot be completely ruled out. The last involvement of an Armenian allied contingent on behalf of the Sassanids was in 604.Irr Pk (I) @ 3AP Crossbowmen . Persian and Palmyran clibanarii.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP or irr Bw (O) @ 4AP Skirmishing archers .Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP Sub-general . Shields were thureous. 2/21.45 AD Warm. Tien was incorporated as a province in 45 AD.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP War boats .@ 28AP if general. 5AP if Bw (O) Replace Bge (F) with porters . The Hiberians were the extrovert inhabitants of present-day Georgia. An allied command taken from this list cannot be Tigranes. 29. Hun allies cannot include their subjects. can include Hiberians and/or Albanians and need not include otherwise compulsory foot.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP or Irr LH (F) @ 4AP Axe and dagger-axe men . 8AP if other Cv (O). As C-in-C he discouraged advice and lost his crucial battle against the Romans because his practise of punishing bearers of unwelcome news severely reduced his situational awareness. were covered in beast skins. and Gordyene from after coming under Parthian influence around 147 BC until subjection by the Sassanids around 225 AD. the Armenians survived by playing off their Roman and Parthian or Sassanid neighbours against each other. After the failure of their attempt at empire under Tigranes the Great. like those of the Hiberians.List: Alan (Bk 2/58) Only if Armenian after 244 AD: Replace Irr Kn (X) with Irr Cv (S) @ 19AP if C-in-C or sub-general. noted constructors of artillery. since. Rd. Cavalry in battle scenes are depicted armoured and with sword and spear. and as armed with javelins and bows. SF. Ag 0. Armenian cataphracts were probably replaced by armoured horse archers under Sassanid influence.Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Light cavalry . The Roman half had a Roman garrison but the Sassanid part was ruled semi-independently by a Persian marzban. Pikemen are depicted with long weapons thrusting two-handed. which had turned the barbaric Kardouchoi tribesmen who fought Xenophon into civilised Gordyeneians. Wd. some with shields. crescent and dagger axes and some wore cumbersome armour. 2/29.as above Cavalry . DH. 3AP if Pk (I). O. distinguished by long pig-tails. TIEN AND K’UN-MING 295 BC . Their infantry were especially prized by Armenian kings. 4AP if LH (F).Irr Wb (F) @ 3AP Camp . Exasperation with their slipperiness may have been the cause of the kingdom’s partitioning between Rome and Sassanid Persia in 386 AD. or cattle or horse herds . BUA. the only Armenian cavalry unit is of noble sagittarii.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. however. no mention being made of lancers. hence the option for horse archers. The installation of a fire-altar in 571 or 572 AD led to a revolt which was put down with difficulty. proclaimed the independent kingdom of Tien circa 295 BC. Chuang Chiao. 9AP if not. He felt far too importantfor that and sent minions instead. RH. after which unified Armenian native forces carried on a semi-guerilla war against the Sassanids independently of the Byzantine army. Its people were the Tien’s less civilised enemies. 14AP if ally-general. Apart from rich weapon finds in graves. In 109 BC the Han emperor Wu Ti sent an army against the king of Tien who submitted peacefully and became a client ruler.Irr Ps (I) @ 1AP Tribal foot . but sapped native support.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. An Armenian ally-general’s command in this army. 27 .Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP 1 1-2 6-10 0-6 12-36 16-52 5-12 0-4 0-6 0-6 0-2 per general 0-2 All/0 All Tien is the area around a highland lake in the remote south-west of China. GH. and in 373 AD an Armenian king and his bravest men are described charging while “pouring in arrows like a shower of sparks”. Some in other art are unarmoured but may be huntsmen or herders. M. List: Paionian (Bk 1/63) Only from 279 BC to 24 BC: Pisidian ally general commanding all Pisidians . E = 1/48. SH. 2/33. or wagons. or in chariot @ 16AP. Their own few skirmishers were normally used to support their cavalry. GH. 2/19.228 BC. C-in-C . families and slaves .List: Seleucid (Bk 2/19) Only after 227 BC: Downgrade warriors to Irr Wb (O) @ 3AP Only in 189 BC: Kappadokians or Paphlagonians . As of 16/08/11 30. They defeated several armies based on pike phalanxes.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP Only from 279 BC to 274 BC: Paionian allies . but mostly stood to receive attack and broke quickly.Irr Ps (I) @ 1AP [can support Irr Cv] 0-6 Only before 48 BC: Light Chariots .Irr Exp (O) @ 7AP Only from 241 BC to 227 BC: Antiochos Hierax’ Seleucid rebel allies . Rd. E.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Pisidian foot .Irr Cv (O) @ 6AP Only in 279 BC: Greek allies: Greek ally general .Irr Wb (S) @ 5AP 32-84 Camp .Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. The tetrarch Diotarus was made king by Pompey’s settlement of the east. 2/14. l if later. 1/63. 2/34. Ag 4 before 189 BC. causing many upsets before they settled down in central Asia Minor. DH.Reg Ps (S) @ 3AP or Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP or Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Greek slingers . convincing their Roman opponents that they had deteriorated. RF. Thessalians cavalry and peltasts. Before 278 BC: Rv.Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP 4-12 Warriors .Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP. or cattle . Wd. GH. The Galatian legions were reformed into the Roman Legio XXII Deiotariana when Galatia became a Roman province in 25 BC. After 278 BC: L. GALATIAN 280 BC .25 BC Cool. This does not apply to the more adventurous spirits who went abroad as mercenaries.Irr Cv (O). Galatian cavalry can always dismount as Wb (S). BF. as at Mount Magaba in l89 BC. Minima marked * apply if any Greeks are used. 2/5. Kappadokians and Paphlagonians helped against Rome in l89 BC. Minima marked ** apply only if any Pisidians are used. fighting naked and displaying fanatic fervour and indifference to wounds. 2/6.Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP or Reg LH (O) @ 5AP Greek infantry .DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. In 47 BC. but they did not fight well. Allied contingents from this list after 63 BC cannot include Wb. Rv.TF @ 1AP Only after 63 BC: Upgrade generals to Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP or Reg Bd (I) @ 25AP Upgrade cavalry to Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Replace warriors with imitation legionaries .Irr Wb (S) @ l5AP 1 Sub-general . These represent the Thessalian and Aenianian nobles and followers recorded as joining the invasion of Greece in 279 BC. and in 51-50 BC he joined Cicero’s Roman army bringing 30 cohorts “armed in the Roman style” and 2.Irr Ps (S) @3AP Only in 273 BC: Scythed chariots .Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP or Irr LH (O) @ 14AP Pisidian horse . Galatian fanaticism waned after their initial wave of conquest was brought to a halt by Pergamon 241 . BUAf. on horse @ 17AP. There must be at least twice as many light chariots as scythed chariots. These retained their fearsome reputation.as above 1-2 Cavalry . Aenianians probably provided javelinmen and slingers. 2/18.000 cavalry.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP 0-2 per general Skirmishers . BUA. or on foot . 2/48. Captured Seleucid scythed chariots are described by Lucian in a battle against the Seleucids in 273 BC. They cannot be used with Pisidians. In the battles of l89 BC they still fought naked. 2/49. M.Reg Cv (O) @ 18AP Greek cavalry . he sent 2 legions (20 cohorts) but only 100 cavalry to fight alongside the Romans against Pharnaces of Pontus. F. but proved unable to cope with javelin-armed skirmishers in difficult terrain. 28 .Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Dry stone walls to defend camp .Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP All/0 0-6 0 or 1-2 per Bge (O) Any 0-8 32-60 **1 **1-2 **16-30 0-3 0-6 *1 *1-2 *2-4 *2-3 This list covers the branch of the Celts that went east through the Danubian plains and invaded Greece. first for peltasts carrying the long shield called the thureos. RF. remainder Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Aitolian mercenary or allied cavalry . It ends with Greece a Roman province. Aitolian javelinmen are always irregular. Aitolians in other states’ armies can be either mercenaries. otherwise 11AP Only if Eleian C-in-C in 207 BC: Roman allies .Reg or Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Javelinmen . 21AP if ally-general. DH.Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Unreformed citizen hoplites . or allies under their own general.Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Tarentine mercenaries .if Spartan. if not. Boiotian. HELLENISTIC GREEK 275 BC – 146 BC Warm. if not. then for Macedonian-style pike phalanxes. Incendiary pigs were used on one occasion to frighten elephants.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP.Reg Art (O) @ 8AP Only if Achaian after 208 BC or Athenian: Upgrade Achaian or Athenian Cv (O) to Reg Kn (F) @ 31AP if C-in-C.Reg Pk (I) @ 3AP 0-20 1 1-3 10-60 0-20 0-18 6-12 0-24 1-4 3-6 0-2 per general 0-2 0-1 All ½ .List: Polybian Roman (Bk 2/33) Only if Achaian C-in-C in 146 BC: Freed slaves .DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. Aitolian only: S E = 1/47.Irr Sp (O) @ 4AP Archers or slingers . S. F. SH. Rv. Except that they cannot affect a target across water. if Aitolian. Ag 0. Rd. The Achaian league used the thureos till 208 before changing to pikes. Irr LH (O) @ 14AP.Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Only if Boiotian after 246 BC or Achaian after 208 BC: Upgrade hoplites and citizen thureophoroi to phalangites. Athenian. O. 2/31. 2/33.Irr Bge (O) @ 2 AP. 2/35 C-in-C . Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP Ally-general .Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP Only if Eleian. Irr LH (O) @ 9AP. GH. Sparta started to change directly from hoplites to pikes in 225. in which case the contingent can also include thureophoroi. Reg Pk (O) @ 4AP Only if Achaian commanded by Philopoimen from 222 BC to 183 BC: Upgrade C-in-C to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra Only if Spartan C-in-C after 222 BC: Upgrade Spartan Sp (O) to phalangites. Reg Pk (O) @ 24AP if general. Reg Pk (O) @ 4AP Only if Spartan C-in-C after 225 BC: Upgrade Spartan Sp (S) to phalangites.Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP [Ax] Incendiary pigs and their handlers .Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Only if Boiotian after 270 BC or Achaian: Upgrade hoplites to citizen thureophoroi . Reg Pk (O) @ 4AP Bolt-shooters .Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Only if Spartan C-in-C: Spartan sub-general . Reg Cv (O) @ 18AP Citizen thureophoroi . or pack-mules .all 0-2 All 0-2 per Spartan citizen Sp (S) or Pk (O) *6-16 0-4 0-12 0-6 All All All 0-4 0 or 1 All 0-3 All/0 This list covers the period during which the mainland Greek states progressively abandoned the traditional hoplite. The Greek states do not seem to have upgraded their fleets to the new penteres.Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Thracian light horse .Reg or Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Cavalry .Reg Gal (O) @ 5AP. BUAf. 4AP if not Only if Achaian after 223 BC: Upgrade Megalopolitan citizen thureophoroi to phalangites.Reg Art (X) @ 4AP Only if Aitolian C-in-C: Downgrade Aitolian cavalry to Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Replace citizen thureophoroi with Aitolian javelinmen . to a maximum of l element per 2 elements of javelinmen.Reg LH (O) @ 5AP Camp . The only recorded use of artillery in a field battle was by Machandis of Sparta who when fighting Philopoimen deployed a line of engines in front.Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Mercenary thureophoroi . 2/18. remainder trieres .Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Warships: up to ½ tetreres . V. 29 . Boiotia adopted the thureos about 270 and changed to pikes about 245. or laden slaves/helots . 2/27. they are treated as if hand-launched rockets. but produced some tetreres.Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP or Reg Sp (S) @ 27AP Upgrade Spartan citizen hoplites to Reg Sp (S) @ 7AP Spartan perioikoi hoplites . Reg Sp (S) @ 27AP.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Only if Achaian C-in-C: Illyrians .if Aitolian. As of 16/08/11 31.½ to all Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP. The minimum marked * applies only if an Aitolian allied command is used. Eleian or Spartan troops must be commanded by a general of their own nation. Achaiaii. Spartan or Boiotian C-in-C: Aitolian allied foot . remainder scutarii . S.List: Numidian or Early Moorish (Bk 2/40) Only if before 201 BC and in Spain: Celtiberian mercenary scutarii .Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Only if from 221 BC to 202 BC and C-in-C is Hannibal: Upgrade C-in-C to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Ditch and palisade protecting camp . so that classification as Ax is necessary to produces historical results.Reg Cv (O) @ 28 AP Sub-general . Rd. At Trebia in 218.Reg Gal (O) @ 5AP [Sp or Ax] Only before 235 BC: Convert generaI to Greek mercenary .TF @ 1AP Quinquiremes . At Zama in 202. and recently recruited Gallic foot and Ligurians are said to have attacked with great enthusiasm and to have resented lack of support by the Libyans and Poeni of the next line.Reg Art (O) @ 8AP Camp (often with wooden huts) . Ag 4 if C-in-C is Hannibal.Reg Sp (S) @ 7AP Replace all El (I) with inadequately trained elephants . The historical evidence is inconclusive.List: Campanian. WH. inadequately trained elephants were used as an expendable front line. remainder hoplites . any from 217 to 216. Moorish or Numidian mercenary javelinmen . 2/39. otherwise 2.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP All 4-8 0-4 0-8 0-4 0-18 0-6 0-9 1 0-2 0-4 6-8 0-8 6-18 4-9 0-2 0-2 per general 0 or 1-2 per Bge (O) 0-2 0-1 0-12 0-8 2-6 1-3 per 2 Ax (S) and Sp 0-12 1 All All All 0-8 0-1 This list covers Carthaginian armies from just after the war against Pyrrhos of Epeiros until the destruction of Carthage by the Romans.Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP.List: Ancient Spanish (Bk 2/39) Only if before 201 BC and not in Spain: Gallic cavalry .Reg Ps (S) @ 3AP. 2/11.Irr Exp (O) @ 7AP Moorish archers .List: Syracusan (Bk 2/9) Only before 201 BC: Spanish mercenary cavalry . Poeni is the Carthaginians’ term for themselves and is used here for native troops as opposed to subjects and mercenaries.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Poeni citizen infantry . 30 . By Cannae in 216.Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP Libyan spearmen . BUAf E = 1/7. remainder Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP Siciliot Greek allies .Irr El (I) @ 12AP Only before 201 and in Africa: Numidian allies .Irr Exp (O) @ 7AP Only in Italy from 215 BC to 203 BC: Bruttian allies . GH. Whether Libyans and veterans should be classed as Sp or Bd has been hotly disputed. Hannibal’s Gallic foot were stationed in a single sector and fought under tribal leaders and next year were criticised for bad march discipline and lack of stamina.List: Later Hoplite Greek (Bk 2/5) Only in Sicily from 265 BC to 263 BC and 215 BC to 211 BC: Syracusan allies . 2/33.Irr Bd (F) @ 5AP Iberian Spanish allies . they were in small controllable units interspersed with Spanish as a flexible defence. Hannibal’s army in Italy from 218 to 203 cannot include Numidian or Spanish allies. 2/40. Replace Bge (I) with pack-mules or cattle herds .as above or Reg LH (O) @ 25 AP Poeni or Libyan cavalry – Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Numidian mercenary cavalry . Livy’s tale of 6.Reg or Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Bolt-shooters . artillery.Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Balearic slingers . As of 16/08/11 32.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. Numidian allies from 213 to 203 can include Syphax and his Roman-trained infantry. F. but classing them as Sp produces more historical deployments. RF.Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP Campanian or other Italian mercenaries . so are classed as Wb. DH.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.. Wd. Lucanian or Bruttian (Bk 2/8) Only Hannibal in Africa in 202 BC: Replace Spanish Ax and Ps (S) with Hannibal’s Libyan. Rv.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP African Elephants .Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP or Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP Stampeding cattle herd . remainder Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Spanish mercenary foot: up to ¼ caetrati . Spanish.000 Macedonians fighting at Zama is Roman propaganda fiction.up to ¼ Reg LH (O) @ 5AP.Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP Libyan.Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Gallic foot . or 1 from 215. Spanish Ps (S) can give rear support to Spanish Cv. LATER CARTHAGINIAN 275 BC – 146 BC Warm. but not Masinissa. D. M.Irr Wb (O) @ 3AP Ligurians .up to ½ Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP. Celtiberians.Reg Sp (O) @ 25AP Greek mercenaries: up to ¼ thureophoroi .Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Only Hannibal in Italy from 216 BC to 203 BC: Upgrade Libyan spearmen as veterans in captured Roman equipment . 2/9. O. Gallic and Bruttian veterans . or loaded wagons .Reg Sp (S) @ 7AP Regrade Gallic infantry as Reg Ax (O) @4AP Italian infantry . C-in-C . Apulian. or more than 2 elephants in 218. As of 16/08/11 33. E: 1/47.Reg Bge (O) @ 3AP. RF. principes and triarii. but we have set it at the last year of war against Pyrrhos of Epeiros. BUAf. Rhodians and Ligurians can be used together. In the 2nd Punic war two legions were recruited from slave volunteers after the Roman defeat at Cannae in 216 BC. Bd (I) cannot provide rear support for Bd (O). penal.Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP 0-4 Achaian peltasts .Reg LH (O) @ 5AP Roman and Latin hastati and principes .Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Artillery requisitioned from cities . ordered them to drop the heads and attack. 2/30. 31 . 2/44.as above or Reg Bd (O) @ 27AP Roman ally general . Fortunately the Roman commander noticed. 2/34. 1/48.Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP 0-1 Ligurian infantry .000 debtors and convicts were armed partly with Gallic weapons captured at Telamon.Reg Sp (S) @ 7AP Other Italian allied infantry or Macedonian or Thracian volunteers . The exact time of the change from the Camillan system is unknown. Aitolian allies.TF @ 1AP Only if from 256 BC to 255 BC: Downgrade C-in-C (as Regulus) to Inert general @ 75AP less Only in Italy from 225 BC to 218 BC: Gallic infantry . then hastati. or from 210 BC to 202 BC and if C-in-C is Scipio Africanus: Upgrade C-in-C to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra Only in Africa from 204 BC to 202 BC: Numidian allies . V.Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Italian Tarentine cavalry .Reg Bge (F) @ 3AP Ditch and palisade for camp(s) . S. 2/14. remainder Irr Shp (O) @ 3AP [Bd] Camp . remainder Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP Cretan or other Greek archers .Reg Gal (O) @ 6AP [Marines]. GH. Rv. 2/32.Reg Art (O) @ 8AP Quinqueremes .Up to ¼ Extraordinarii.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.Reg Cv (O) @ 18AP Roman or Italian allied cavalry . 2/35. freedom was offered to any slave who took an enemy head. Ag 3. M. 2/9.Irr Wb (O) @ 3AP Only from 2l6 BC to 201 BC: Downgrade hastati and principes of slave. At the battle of Beneventum in 214 BC. Pergamene allies.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP Syracusan or Trallian slingers . 2/11. with leves/velites in front.Reg Gal (S) @ 6AP [Bd] Corbitae . otherwise only one nationality of non-Italians other than Ps (O) can be used. and declaring that they had already proved their valour.Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP [Marines] 0-4 Rhodian marines . Macedonia and the Seleucids. Legions now fought in four lines.Irr El (I) @ 12AP 0-1 Aitolian allies .Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Numidian or lllyrian cavalry . C-in-C . Up to 4 elements of slingers and 4 of Cretans can be used with any allies. O. Rd.6 Bd 0-24 0-6 0-4 0-4 0-1 0-4 0-8 1-2 per general 1-2 per Bge (O) 0-1 0-6 0-20 This list.Reg Bd (O) @ 7AP Roman and Latin velites . SH. and not in the usual manner. POLYBIAN ROMAN 275 BC . stopped fighting to cut off his head. Velites can support Roman or Italian allied Cv. or pack mules .Reg Ps (S) @ 3AP 0-6 Elephants . Numidians. These proved a mistake. on the assumption that it may have been in response to the new problems posed by an opponent with pikemen and elephants.Reg Ps (S) @ 3AP Roman and Latin triarii . Aitolian allies are chosen as specified for an Aitolian allied contingent including only LH (O). L. The option for a Roman ally general represents both consuls being present and commanding on alternate days.List: Ancient Spanish (Bk 2/39) Only before 211 BC: Downgrade Roman and Latin velites to leves . or Pergamene allies . 2/19. covers the Roman wars with Carthage.Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP Sub-general . 2/39.List: Numidian or Early Moorish (Bk 2/40) Only in Greece or Asia from 198 BC: Upgrade Roman ally-general to sub-general . We assume that Latin allies are indistinguishable from Romans. 2/5.Reg Ps (I) @ 1AP Only in 207 BC and if C-in-C is Claudius Nero. remainder trieres .Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Gallic or Spanish cavalry . as the bravest.Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP 1 per Gal Only from 107 BC: Upgrade C-in-C (as Marius) to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra 0-1 All/0 0 or 1 1 0-1 0-1 2-5 0-2 0-1 0-1 16-40 1 per 2 Bd 1 per 4 .up to ½ Irr Shp (I) @ 2AP [Bg or Cv]. Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP. PRd. and were then unable to take further part for fear of dropping their prizes. DH. 2/40. 2/8.105 BC Warm. Ax (S) and/or Ps (S) within the Hellenistic Greek list. F.List: Hellenistic Greek (Bk 2/31). based on Polybios. 2/31. but that other Italian allies fought in traditional looser formation.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Spanish or Illyrian infantry . 2/45.List: Attalid Pergamene (Bk 2/34) Rhodian warships: up to ¼ penteres . having killed an enemy. and 6. reluctant Latin ally or raw legion to Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP Only in Spain from 212 BC: Celtiberian or other Spanish allies . Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Guard phalangites “Brazen Shields” .List: Hellenistic Greek (Bk 2/31) Only after 190 BC: Ex-Seleucid cavalry . or 1-2 per Bge (O) 0-1 0-8 1-3 per Art 0-2 0-3 32 .Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP or Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Bolt-shooters .Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP.Irr Kn (I) in single element wedge @ 8AP Illyrians . E = 2/6. Rv.as above Pergamene lancers . LATER MACEDONIAN 260 BC . 2/31.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP Bolt-shooter .Irr El (O) @ 16AP Thracian cavalry .Reg Pk (S) @ 5AP Other phalangites “White Shields” . O. V. ATTALID PERGAMENE. DH.all Reg Kn (F) @ l 1AP. Illyrian and Thracians settlers . Rtr.148 BC Warm.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Ditch and palisade to protect camp . C-in-C .Reg Pk (O) @ 4AP Thureophoroi and Thorakitai . 1/48.Reg Pk (O) @ 4AP Ex-Seleucid elephants . Ag 1.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Galatian foot . or pack-mules .Reg Kn (X) @ 13AP Ex-Seleucid phalanx .Seleucids are settlers from Lydia and Phrygia.Reg Art (O) @ 8AP Camp . O. SH. 263 BC . 2/33. BUAf. C-in-C . BUA. Minima marked * apply if any ex-Seleucid troops are used. GH. Achaian allies cannot include Pk. 2/35. 2/30.TF @ 1AP Only before 198 BC: Thracian cavalry . WH.List: Hellenistic Greek (Bk 2/31) Only in 172 BC: Odrysian Thracian cavalry .Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Odrysian Thracian skirmishers .TF @ 2AP Octeres and Hepteres .List: Ariarathid Kappadokian (Bk 2/14) *1-3 *4-8 0-2 0-2 1 1-2 3-7 0-4 1-4 14-24 6-12 6-8 0-8 0-16 0-20 0-2 0-1 0-2 per general 0-2 This army represents the army of Pergamon from Eumenes I’s assumption of independence until the defeat of Aristonicus’ revolt after Attalos III bequeathed the kingdom to Rome. Rd. or all Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Pergamene light cavalry .Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Thracian mercenaries .Reg Gal (S) @ 6AP [Ax] or Irr Bts (O) @ 2AP [Ax] Only in 190 BC: Achaian allies .129 BC Warm.Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP Sub-general .Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Illyrian or Greek light horse .Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. S. Wd. F. 2/19. F. Peltasts at Magnesia were probably of the old lighter type. DH.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Hexeres or smaller naval . RF.Reg Art (S) @ 10AP Camp . GH. The ex.Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Rampart to protect artillery . or pack-mules . Thessalian or Greek cavalry . V.as above Macedonian.Reg Kn (F) @ 31AP. 35. S. Rv. 2/14.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Kappadokian allies . Rd.Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Galatian cavalry .DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. Ag 1. As of 16/08/11 34.Irr Wb (S) @ 5AP Cretans .Reg Ps (S) @ 3AP Cretans .Reg LH (O) @ 5AP Galatian cavalry .Reg Art (O) @ 8AP Stone-throwers . E = 1/47.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP Trallian slingers . or Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP [as cavalry] Sub-general .Irr Wb (S) @ 5AP Pergamene citizen infantry .Irr Ps (I) @ 1AP Illyrian allies . taken over after the battle of Magnesia. 2/33. 2/19.Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Mysians or Masdyenes . 2/34.List: Illyrian (Book 1/47) 2-4 1 per Thracian Cv (O) 0-2 2-12 1 1-2 2-6 0-3 0-2 4-12 16-36 2-16 0-4 0-6 6-12 0-2 0-2 per general 0.Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP [can support Thracian Cv (O)] Anti-elephant specialists in spiked armour . RH.Reg Gal (S) @ 9AP [Ax or Ps] Lembi .Reg Ax (I) @ 2AP Agrianian.Irr Bts (O) @ 2AP [Ps] Only from 222 BC to 202 BC: Achaian allies .Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Mercenary peltasts .Irr Ax (S) @ 5AP Galatians . GRAECO-BACTRIAN 250 BC .as above Greek or bodyguard cavalry . but has also recently been interpreted both as a Chionite Hun and as a Sassanid Persian.as above Greek or bodyguard cavalry . but the method of carriage makes it unlikely to have been long enough to be classified as a lance. Guard phalangites include the Agema and the other pikemen somewhat confusingly called “Peltasts”. E = 1/43. A find of cataphract equipment in a government armoury dates to around 150 BC. Ag 1. Only Graeco-Bactrian: D. 2/36.Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Indian cavalry .Irr Bd (I) @ 4AP Elephants . and the thureophoros appears in Bactrian art. Skythian or Early Hu (Bk l/43) Only if Graeco-Bactrian after l51 BC: Upgrade Iranian lancers to cataphracts . It is likely that colonist infantry were now similarly armed. RH.Irr El (O) @ 16AP Saka allies . The Bactrian revolt was subsequent to the adoption of the thureophoros in the Seleucid army. This could be one of the Iranian nobility.Irr LH (F) @ 4AP Phalanx . but using a long lance in both hands as his primary weapon. M.Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP Sub-general . 2/19.List: Kushan (Bk 2/46) 3-10 0-5 *8-16 0-8 0-4 *4-12 *4-12 0-2 per general 1 1-2 0-3 5-14 4-12 0-3 1/2-All 1 1-2 0-3 2-4 8-24 0-8 1-5 This list covers the Greek states in Bactria and India from Diodotos’s revolt against the Seleucids and establishment of an independent Bactrian kingdom. The Greek cavalry were probably originally standard Hellenistic lancers.Irr Cv (I) @ 5AP Indian archers . DH. Arachosian or similar light cavalry .Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Saka light cavalry . both of whom occupied Bactria in the 4th-5th centuries AD.Reg Kn (F) @ 31AP Sub-general . Rd.Reg Pk (O) @ 4AP Pisidian colonists and peltasts . The fleet of Philip V was an interesting combination of unusually large warships supported by open lembi which harassed their giant opponents by tricks such as attacking their rudders or roping themselves to the oars! Perseus’ anti-elephant specialists in spiked armour were a failure. adopting the bow later in response to enemy horse archers and elephants. SF. Minima marked * apply only if any infantry or elephants are used.Irr El (O) @ 16AP Indian allies . F.List: Kimmerian. 36. A Graeco-Indian coin depicts a rider in Greek armour with a bow. Another cavalryman in Iranian dress is depicted on a silver dish with a cased bow. BUA.Irr Bw (O) @ 4AP Indian javelinmen . More than half the non-allied elements of a Graeco-Indian army must be of non-allied Indian troops including any elephants. G. 33 . A Bactrian army raised by Euthydemos in 208 BC to foil an attempted Seleucid reconquest consisted entirely of cavalry.List: Classical Indian (Bk 2/3) Kushan allies . This could have been shortened to fit the available space. but also a short spear carried in his quiver.130 BC and GRAECO-INDIAN 170 BC .Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP or Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP or Irr Bw (O) @ 4AP Camp .Reg Kn (F) @ 11AP Iranian lancers .Reg Kn (X) @ 13AP Only if Graeco-Indian: C-in-C . 2/46.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Elephants . Rv.Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP or Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Cretans . 2/2. 2/37.Irr Pk (F) @ 3AP Mountain Indian archers . until the fall of the last Greek state in India. O.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Only if Graeco-Bactrian: C-in-C . or Bactrian camels .Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP Mountain Indian spearmen .Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP Bactrian cavalry .55 BC Dry. As of 16/08/11 This list covers the period from the presumed death from old age of the last Macedonian elephants to the incorporation of Macedonia as a Roman province. Only Graeco-Indian: Wd. 2/3. DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. As of 16/08/11 37. PARTHIAN 250 BC - 225 AD Dry. Ag 2. Rv, GH, O, E, SF, G, Rd, BUAf. Only Media-Atropene or if Hyrkanians used: DH, CH. Only Elymais or Persis: DH. Only Elymais: S. Only Media-Atropatene or Hyrkania: L. Only Parthian after l26 BC: WW, M. E = 1/43, 2/3, 2/19, 2/22, 2/23, 2/24, 2/26, 2/26, 2/36, 2/37, 2/44, 2/46, 2/49, 2/51, 2/56, 2/58, 2/64, 2/69. C-in-C - Irr Kn (X) @ 21AP Sub-general - as above Cataphracts - Irr Kn (X) @ l 1AP Horse archers - Irr LH (F) @ 4AP City garrisons or militia - Reg Ax (I) @ 3AP or Reg Bw (I) @ 4AP Other city dwellers with javelins, bows or slings - Irr Ps up to ½ (O) @ 2AP, remainder (I) @ 1AP Baggage camels - Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Only Parthian before 70 BC or Hyrkanian rebels between 40 AD and 100 AD: Hyrkanian mountain tribesmen - up to ¼ Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP, remainder Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Only Media-Atropatene from 300 BC to 225 AD, Elymais 147 BC to 205 AD or Persis 141 BC to 220 AD: Replace horse archers with foot archers and/or slingers - up to ¼ Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP, remainder Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP Only Parthian from 129 BC to 35 BC: Commagene allies - List: Commagene (Bk 2/44) Only Parthian in 129 BC: Seleucid allies - List: Seleucid (Bk 2/19) Only Parthian after 127 BC: Armenian or Gordyene allies - List: Early Armenian and Gordyene (Bk 2/28) Hatrene, Adiabene or Edessan subject allies - List: Arabo-Aramaean (Bk 2) Media-Atropene allies - List: Parthian (Bk 2/37) Elymaian allies - List: Parthian (Bk 2/37) Nomadic Arab allies - List: Later Pre-Islamic Arab (Bk 2/23) Only Parthian from 40 BC to 39 BC and with more cataphracts than horse archers: Labienus’ Roman allies - List: Marian Roman (Bk 2/49) Only Parthian in 35 AD: Sarmatian allies - List: Siracae, Iazyges, Later Rhoxolani Sarmatians (Bk 2/26) Only Parthian in 130 BC, 30 BC, 9 AD to 12 AD, 35 AD and 39 AD to 41 AD: Skythian allies - List: Kimmerian, Skythian or Early Hu (Bk 1/43) Only Parthian after 216 AD: Daylami mercenaries - Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Only Suren Indo-Parthian, from 95 BC to 75 AD: Hill tribe spearmen - Irr Pk (F) @ 3AP Hill tribe archers - Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Indian levies - Irr Hd (O) @ 1AP Arachosian and hill tribe cavalry - Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Elephants - Irr El (O) @ 16AP Saka allies - List: Kimmerian, Skythian or Early Hu (Bk 1/43) 0-4 **2-4 **1-2 0-8 0-6 0-2 1 1-2 8-24 20-96 0-6 0-30 0-2 per general 0 or 12-24 8-48 0-15 0-12 0-21 This list covers Parthian armies from the foundation of the Parthian kingdom to the replacement of the Arsacid dynasty by the Sassanid Persians, and also the vassal states of Media-Atropatene from 300 BC to 225 AD, Elymais from 147 BC to 205 AD and Persis from 141 BC to 220 AD. The Armenian ally general is assumed to be a puppet that the Parthians are trying to put on the throne. The Seleucid allies represent the captured army of Antigonos Sidetes, used against the Skythians after his death. It changed sides. Sarmatian allies were hired for an intervention in Armenia in 35 AD, though they failed to link up. A large force of other allies did join and may have been Dahae, who also took part in a civil war from 39 AD to 41 AD. Armenians, Seleucids and Sarmatians, cannot be used together or with city troops. Labienus’ Romans combined with the Parthians in a last desperate throw in the Roman civil wars at the end of the republic. The fully armoured cataphracts mounted on horses whose head, neck, chest and sides were similarly protected by metal armour, were the most impressive part of the army. The army’s strength lay in the combination of these with light horse archers. The least successful Parthian armies were those using most cataphracts and fewest horse archers. A Sassanid triumphal sculpture shows the defeat in 224 AD of Parthian dignitaries who are fully armoured in cataphract style, but mounted on apparently unarmoured horses. Close examination shows that horse armour is in fact depicted. Cataphract camels used in 217 AD were probably Hatrene. Foot were used only in defending cities or in mountainous areas. Of these Media Atropatene bordered Armenia. Hyrkania bordered the Caspian, which because it offers no sea access to invaders is classed as a large lake. Persis borders the Persian gulf, but its coast is impractical for shipping, so it also has no sea access. Its neighbour Elymais had a port, so has. City garrisons, militia and other city dwellers can only be deployed by a defender who has placed a fortified BUA. The Suren were one of the great families of Parthia, who, after the reconquest of Parthia’s eastern provinces from the Saka, took over management of the eastern provinces, then co-operated with the Saka in conquering various Indian and Bactrian Greek territories. At the start of the 1st century AD, Gondophares declared himself king, and the kingdom survived in defiance of Parthia until conquered by the Kushans. Indo-Parthian options cannot be used with any allies except Saka. Minima marked ** apply only if any Indo-Parthian option is used. 34 DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. As of 16/08/11 38. HSIUNG-NU OR JUAN-JUAN 250 BC - 555 AD Cold. Ag 2. Rv, GH, SF, G, F. Only Chih-Chih Hsiung-nu from 43 BC to 36 BC: BUA. Only Southern Hsiung-nu after 304 AD: Rd, BUA. E = 1/43, 2/4, 2/21, 2/38, 2/41, 2/46, 2/61, 2/63, 2/79, 2/80, 3/8. C-in-C - Irr Cv (O) @ l7AP Sub-general - as above or as horse archers @ 16AP if (S) or 14AP if (F) Nobles - Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Horse archers - Irr LH, all (F) @ 4AP or all (S) @ 6AP Foot archers - Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Slaves or other foot - Irr Hd (O) @ 1AP Horse herds - Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP, or sheep flocks - Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Only from 220 BC to 100 BC Tung-hu or other subjugated nomads - Irr LH (F) @ 4AP Ch’iang allies - List: Ch’iang and Ti (Bk 2/21) Rebel Han Chinese allies - List: Han Chinese (Bk 2/41) Only Chih-Chih Hsiung-nu from 43 BC to 36 BC: Kang-chu allies: Kang-chu ally-general - Irr Cv (O) @ 12AP or Irr Kn (F) @ 14AP Kang-chu nobles - equipped as their general, Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP or Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP Kang-chu horse archers - Irr LH (F) @ 4AP Kang-chu infantry - Irr Sp (O) @ 4AP or Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Only Southern Hsiung-nu from 304 AD to 439 AD: Ch’iang or Ti armoured infantry - Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Ch’iang or Ti unarmoured infantry - Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Ch’iang or Ti archers - Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP or Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP Only Southern Hsiung-nu from 310 AD to 333 AD: Upgrade C-in-C (as Shi Lo) to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra 1 1-2 3-12 24-100 0-12 0-12 0-2 per general 0-30 *1 0-4 *12-24 *1-2 0-12 *12-60 *6-24 0-1 Only Southern Hsiung-nu after 312 AD: Upgrade Cv generals and nobles to Irr Kn (X) @ 21AP if general, l l AP if not, or Irr Kn (F) @ 19AP if general, 9 if not All/0 Only Juan-juan: Upgrade Cv generals and nobles to Irr Cv (S) @ 19AP if general, 9AP if not Only Juan-juan from 545 AD to 552 AD: Gök allies - List: Central Asian Turkish (Bk 3/11) The Hsiung-nu established rule over other nomad tribes in the 3rd century BC. Their empire was weakened by Han Chinese attacks in the 2nd century BC, and broke up after a civil war about 50 AD. The northern horde was forced by Hsien-pi attacks to migrate west in 91AD and may have been ancestors of the Huns. The southern horde survived to found several kingdoms on Chinese soil, starting with the Former Chao (304 - 329 AD). Three clans recombined as the Juan-juan in 308 AD and formed a large steppe empire until conquered by their former Gok Turk allies 552 - 555 AD. Surprisingly, most major battles against the Chinese were fought at home on the steppe. Minima marked * apply if any troops of that origin are used in that time period. All 39. ANCIENT SPANISH 240 BC - 20 BC Warm. Ag 0. S, Rv, DH, WH, RH, GH, Wd, O, V, SF, G, F, Rd, BUAf. Only if Celtiberians or Sertorius: WH. E = 2/11, 2/32, 2/33, 2/39, 2/47, 2/49. C-in-C - Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP Ally general - Irr Cv (O) @ 12AP Long shield cavalry - Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Round shield cavalry - Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Slingers - Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Flaming ox-wagons - Irr Exp (O) @ 7AP Camp - Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP, or ox-wagons - Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP, or pack-mules - Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Only Iberians: Scutarii - Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Caetrati - Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Mercenary Celtiberian scutarii - Irr Bd (F) @ 5AP Only Celtiberians: Scutarii - Irr Bd (F) @ 5AP Caetrati - Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Only Lusitanians: Caetrati - up to ¼ Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP, remainder Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Mercenary Celtiberian scutarii - Irr Bd (F) @ 5AP 1 1-3 0-3 5-10 0-10 0-3 0-2 per general 22-64 16-48 0-16 26-86 20-64 44-124 0-16 35 DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. As of 16/08/11 Only Sertorius’ Lusitanians from 80 BC to 72 BC: Upgrade C-in-C (as Sertorius) with Spanish bodyguard to Brilliant general - Reg Cv (O) @ 53AP Upgrade ally-generals to sub-generals, Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP or Reg Bd (O) @ 27AP Upgrade Spanish Cv to Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP, Ax to Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP or Ps (S) to Reg Ps (S) @ 3AP. Sertorius’ legionarii - Reg Bd (O) @ 7AP Moors - Irr LH (O) @ 4AP, or Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Ditch and rampart to protect camp - TF @ 1AP Boats - Irr Bts (O) @ 2AP [Ps, Ax, Bd] Replace boats with Mithridatic-supplied galleys - Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP [Reg Bd] Paperna’s Roman allies - List Marian Roman (Bk 2/49) 1 0-2 0-60 0-6 0-3 1-2 per Bge (O) 0-4 0-2 This list extends from the Carthaginian expansion into Spain until the last Spanish revolt against Roman rule. Assistant generals are classified as allies because large armies were made up from coalitions of tribes. Celtiberians were acknowledged as more warlike than other tribes and often served them as mercenaries. Most tribes’ foot comprised around two-thirds “long shield” scutarii to one-third “round shield” caetrati. The Lusitanians were an exception, using only caetrati, although some of these wore armour and greaves, and may therefore have been equivalent to other tribes’ scutarii. Spanish Ps (S) can give rear support to Spanish Cv. Celtiberian Cv can always dismount as Bd (F), other Cv as Ax (S), LH as Ps (S). Flaming ox-wagons successfully broke Carthaginian lines on one occasion, leading to the death of Hamilcar Barca, Sertorius was a disaffected Roman who fought successfully against Sulla and Pompey. He was a masterly tactician specialising in surprise and ambushes exploiting wooded hills and according to Plutarch introduced Roman weapons, formations and signals. The 53 cohorts of Roman exiles under the treacherous Paperna that joined him maintained a separate command and camp and are treated as an allied contingent. 40. NUMIDIAN OR EARLY MOORISH 215 BC - 25 AD Warm. Ag 1. Rv, DH, WH, RH, GH, Wd, M, RF, G, F. E = 1/7, 2/32, 2/33, 2/40, 2/49, 2/56. C-in-C - Irr LH (O) @ 14AP or Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP Sub-general - as above Ally general - Irr LH (O) @ 9AP Cavalry - Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Javelinmen - Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP or Irr Ax (I) @ 2AP Archers or slingers - Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Elephants - Irr El (I) @ 12AP - Syphax, Bogud or Tacfarinas - Juba I - Others Camp of brush or reed huts - Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP, or flocks and herds - Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Only Syphax, 213 BC to 203 BC, Masinissa, 203 BC to 148 BC or Micipsa, 148 BC to ll8 BC: Roman-trained infantry - Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP Only Jugurtha, from ll8 BC to 105 BC: Gaetuli - Reg Ax (I) @ 3AP Ligurian deserters - Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Thracian deserters - Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Only after 56 BC: Imitation legionaries - Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP Only Juba I, from circa 55 BC to 46 BC: Gallic and Spanish bodyguard - Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Only combined Pompeian Roman and Numidian army in 46 BC: Replace all Numidian generals with Pompeian Roman C-in-C and sub-generals - Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP Replace Numidian cavalry with Gallic and German cavalry - Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Pompeian raw legionaries - Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP Replace Numidian camp with Roman camp - Reg Bge (O) @ 3AP Ditch and bank for Roman camp - TF @ 1AP Only Bogud in 47 BC: Spanish foot - Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Only Juba II from 3 AD to 6 AD: Roman allies - List: Early Imperial Roman (Bk 2/56) This list covers the period from just before the first Roman mission trained King Syphax’s infantry till the suppression of Tacfarinas’ revolt. It can also be used from 309 BC to provide allied contingents. Juba I supported the Pompeian army in Africa under Metellus, Labienus and Petreius with troops and elephants but did not join them in battle. The minimum marked * applies only if the army represents that of Juba I, Bogud or Tacfarinas. Deserters and Gaetuli cannot be used together. An ally general can only command cavalry, javelinmen and archers or slingers. 1 1-2 0-1 18-50 18-64 0-10 0 1-3 0-2 0-2 per general 5-20 0-20 0-2 0-1 *6-24 1-3 2-3 4-6 0-48 0-2 per Reg general 1-3 per Reg Bge (O) 0-8 36 Infantry seem to have been of variable quality. SF. chariots or artillery are used (and must be used before 150 BC).Irr Wb (F) @ 3AP ***4-8 Southern tribal archers .Reg Bw (O) @ 5AP **8-24 Downgrade spearmen to Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP and/or crossbowmen to Reg Bw (I) @ 4AP Any or Replace spearmen and crossbowmen by mixed formations . Reg Bd (O) @ 7AP 0-4 Convict labour troops . until the warlord Tung Cho effectively seized power at court. Bw] 0-8 Towered war junks. FW. notably the Red Eyebrows and the Green Woodsmen around the end of the Western Han. artillery. Regular Cv can always dismount. As of 16/08/11 41. were used with shields.Irr WWg (O) @ 10AP 0 or 1 1-2 2-6 Any 0-4 This list covers the Han dynasty from victory in the civil wars after the fall of Ch’in. 1/49. nor any allied contingents. bolt-shooters can be weapons shooting multiple arrows. such as the Ch’iang. and the point was more important than the edge. porters or man/animal draft carts . from 25 AD to 189 AD: Southern Hsiung-nu allies . F. or with any allied contingents. some were well-equipped and competent. All-cavalry forces.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. 2/41. S or WW. or 1-2 per Bge (O) Boats . but the two types were more usually used separately. HAN CHINESE 202 BC . O. Mixed formations of spearmen and crossbowmen were occasionally used. They are classifed as Sp because these were primarily long weapons used to keep off cavalry. up to half the cavalry elements in the army can be armed with crossbow or bow and dismount as Bw (O). Minima marked *** apply if any southern tribal troops are used. southern tribal or dependent state troops.TF @ 1AP 0. Stonethrowers are man-powered engines.Irr Hd (S) @ 2AP 0-12 Southern tribal fighters . They cannot be used with dependent state troops. 2/21.Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP *6-16 Horse archers . Irr Shp (S) @ 4AP or “stomach strikers”.Reg LH (F) @ 5AP *4-16 Light cavalry with lance or halberd .Reg Bge (O) @ 3AP. RH. 2/61. Wu-huan. DH. Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP [Sp. C-in-C . GH. were often used in the steppes from about 150 BC. BUAf.List: Hsien-pi. Rd. Some “spearmen” used halberds descended from the long dagger-axes of the Warring States period.hence the (I) option.Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP **8-24 Crossbowmen . The Han suffered several major peasant rebellions.Reg LH (O) @ 5AP 0-8 Dependent state cavalry . the rest with sword or halberd and dismount as Ax (S). Bw] 0-4 Horse-transports . 2/29. Peasant rebels are graded as Hd (S) because they had to be very desperate men to revolt at all. Predynastic Khitan or Hsi (Bk 2/61) Only from 73 AD to 100 AD and if C-in-C is Pan Ch’ao: Upgrade C-in-C to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra Only in 180 AD and if C-in-C is Yang Hsuan: Stampeding horse-carts scattering cloud of quicklime . or pack-donkeys.Reg Kn (O) @ 31AP Four-horse chariots . M.Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP 1 Sub-general .Reg Bw (X) @ 7AP All/0 Archers . Ag 3. E = 1/43.as above 1-2 Cavalry with spear. Rv. usually depending heavily on tribal auxiliaries. 2/38.Reg Art (O) @ 8AP 0-2 Camp .Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP or Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP ***2-4 Small rope-pull stone-throwers .Irr Shp (I) @ 2AP [Cv.Irr Bts (O) @ 2AP [Sp. as by Li Ling against the Hsiung-nu in 99 BC. Yang Hsuan cannot use allies.Irr Hd (O) @ 1AP 0-6 Peasant rebels .Reg Art (I) @ 4AP 0-2 Bolt-shooters . and the Yellow Turbans after 184 AD. others were conscripted from convicts or vagabonds and did not perform well . 37 .Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP [can support Sp] **4-6 Swordsmen with parrying weapons.Reg Bge (I) @ 2AP 0-2 per general Wagon laager for camp .Irr LH (F) @ 4AP or Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP 0-16 Spearmen . 2/46. Minima marked ** apply if any infantry. Dependent state cavalry were levied from various minor settled states and lesser nomad tribes of the northern frontier and “western regions”. or more than the minima of Cv or LH. from 202 BC to 9 AD: Upgrade generals in 4-horse chariots . Reg Bd (F) @ 7AP and/or two-handed swordsmen.Reg Kn (O) @ l 1AP Only Eastern Han. halberd or crossbow . LH] 0-4 Only Western Han. Minima marked * apply if any mounted troops except generals classed either as Cv or Kn are used. They cannot be used with chariots.Irr Exp (O) @ 7AP Replace crossbowmen with improvised carriages containing archers and crossbowmen .List: Hsiung-nu or Juan-juan (Bk 2/38) Wu-huan or Hsien-pi allies .189 AD Cool. and invading Sumatra. establishing an empire extending to the Ganges. We assume at most a few noble enthusiasts. 3/9.List: Hindu Indian (Bk 3/10) Only if Sinhalese: Replace generals’ elephants with palanquins .DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. TAMIL INDIAN AND SINHALESE 175 BC .Irr Wb (F) @ 3AP Clubmen . Greek women were preferred for the maiden guard. but not in mundane records. Satiyaputras and Kerelaputras until final conquest by Vijayanagar in 1370 AD. Irr El (O) @ 26AP Sub-general . but javelins were also used and spears favoured on shipboard. Rd. and their literature stressed the value of training and practice in manoeuvre. Cavalry had bows or spears.Irr Shp (O) @ 3AP [Bd. Sinhalese elephants were smaller but fiercer than others.Irr Bge (S) @ 8AP if ally-general. Ceylon. Wild tribes dressed in skins. Bw (O)] Only if Tamil from 140 BC to 320 AD: Greek mercenary guardsmen . sometimes body armour and small red wooden shield.Irr Cv (I) @ 5AP Valperra swordsmen . Ag 3 if Chola empire. A new Chola dynasty founded in 846 overthrew the Pallavas and in 920 conquered the Pandyas. “Left hand” troops were probably conquered vassals. then regained it. exiling their last king to Ceylon. The best foot were swordsmen.Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP or Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Only after 300 AD: Upgrade Wb to Irr Bd (F) @ 5AP Only Pallavas from 642 AD to 660 AD: Sinhalese allies . including many Tamil and some other mercenaries. then from 575 AD to 897 AD by the Pallavas.Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP Replace swordsmen with militia . Horses were difficult to obtain.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. 2/42. Sinhalese armies consisted of paid royal troops. though one Sinhalese ruler once issued some with spears. Rv or G.Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP Camp . The Sangam age before 300 AD was the Tamil “heroic age”. BUAf. being bigger as well as more exotic.Irr El (O) @ 26AP Upgrade Cv to Reg Cv (I) @ 6AP. rest Irr Hd (O) @ 1AP Hoysala allies .Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP Replace chariots. The last Chola king died in 1279. The Tamil kingdoms were next dominated by the Kalabhras.lock.1515 AD Tropical. grass skirts and bark-cloth. Horses were hard to come by in the south.½ Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP. 38 . Hair was worn long or as a scalp.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Ships . Chavers wore only loincloths oiled their bodies and shaved their heads. cavalry (except up to 1) and Villikal archers with militia . 13AP if not Replace non-generals’ elephants with militia . The Pandyas regained independence from l l90. WH.Irr Bw (O) @ 4AP Maiden guard . with kingdoms and feudal lordships almost constantly engaged in cattle-raiding and fierce internecine wars. Tamil dress was a knee-length kilt and a shawl. Bd to Reg Bd (F) @ 7AP and Bw to Reg Bw (O) @ 5AP “Left hand” troops . They were usually skirmishing archers. RF. but elephants more plentiful than in the north. or ox-carts or porters . As of 16/08/11 42. DH. 3/10. Chariots with 2 or 4 horses and crew of 2 are still mentioned in an epic account of the battle of Kalingam in l ll0 AD. Warriors inspired by huge drums borne on elephants went into battle garlanded by flowers and ate slain enemies. with unknown effect on their behaviour. and a very numerous bow-armed militia who may have been responsible for the abysmal reputation abroad.Irr Bd (X) @ 6AP Wild tribes .Irr El (O) @ 16AP Chariots . C-in-C . E = 2/3. 4/37. Pandyas.Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP Upgrade archers with pavises to Irr Bw (O) @ 4AP Upgrade ships to Irr Shp (S) @ 4AP 0-1 All 0-24 1 0-1 0-2 4-8 0-2 0-6 12-48 0-3 0-16 4-16 0-2 0-2 per general 0-6 0-4 All Any ½-¾ ½-¾ All 0-6 All This covers the armies of southern India from the rise of the kingdoms of Cholas.List: Tamil Indian and Sinhalese (Bk 2/42) Only Chola empire from 980 AD to 1279 AD: Upgrade ally general to sub-general . They lost power from 950 to 980. GH. Wd. 0 if others.on elephant.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP or Irr Ax (I) @ 2AP Villikal archers . Large hide shields are attested protecting disembarked troops. and those of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) until the introduction of firearms. Archers are described shooting down cavalry. 4/73. the Andamans and the Maldives. The Chola army was organised into permanent regiments. S.as above Ally-general .Irr El (O) @ 21AP Elephants . E.Irr Cv (O) @ 6AP Kudirai-sevakar cavalry . Rd. Commagene sided with Parthia during Pacorus’s Western expedition. F. We take them as equivalent to standard Hellenistic thureophoroi. and then from its restoration by Caligula until its final demise under Vespasian.17 AD and 38 AD .Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Thracian mercenaries . unit standards 10.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Guerilla archers .Irr Ps (I) @ 1AP or Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Guerilla slingers .Reg LH (O) @ 5AP Horse archers . which are first doubtfully attested under Jonathan). standards of the camps 13. but there was a great deal of writing on them as well.Reg Kn (X) @ 33AP or Reg Pk (O) @ 24AP Sub-general .Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Camp . G. 2/33. DH. described as phalanxes (probably used to mean bodies of formed infantry rather than pikemen. Rv. C-in-C . Ag 1. G. GH. The infantry comprising the mass of the army are in 3 large divisions formed 7 ranks deep with 12 foot spear and long shield. 2/59.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP or Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP Guerilla dregs . Minima marked * or ** apply only if any troops so marked are used.000 to 800 men on sighting the enemy at Elasa.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Only from 163 BC: Upgrade C-in-C with priests. COMMAGENE 163 BC .as above Guerillas . RH. The great standard is 14 cubits long. They start the battle by advancing by ranks to throw javelins in a trumpet-ordered volley. continuing until 7 volleys have been thrown. Rearmed hoplitai were most probably imitation legionaries.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. Two types of cavalry are described.Reg Pk (O) @ 4AP 1 1-2 2-5 0-4 8-16 8-24 20-70 0-12 0-8 0-2 per general 0-6 0-2 0-2 All 3-4 This list covers the armies of the kingdom of Commagene from the secession of the Seleucid governor Ptolemaios until the kingdom’s annexation by Tiberius.Reg Kn (X) @ 33AP Cataphracts .Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Javelinmen . 2/49.Irr LH (F) @ 4AP Hoplitai . or baggage camels . The Jewish regulars here are described in the Dead Sea Scrolls.Irr LH (O) @ 15 AP or Irr Ax (O) @ l3AP Sub-general . or Reg LH (S) @ 27AP. 44. RF. Later battles imply the presence of more solid troops. but appears to mention body armour for man and horse. 2/22. or Reg Ax (S) @ 25AP Cavalry of the army .Reg Bge (O) @ 3AP Only after 149 BC: Regrade foot of the phalanx as Reg Pk (I) @ 3AP 1 1-2 0-2 **18-45 **5-40 **5-15 **10-20 0-20 0-2 per general *1 *Any *2-4 *5-20 *12-36 ½ to all 0-24 This list covers the period from initial revolt against the Seleucids until the death of John Hyrcanus.Reg Kn (F) @ 11AP Cavalry of the phalanx . 2/37. DH. often contributing troops. RH.Reg Kn (X) @ 13AP Tarentines . Rv.Irr Ax (I) @ 2AP or Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Guerilla skirmishers . MACCABEAN JEWISH 168 BC . 39 . Only from 66 AD to 72 AD: Antiochos IV’s “Macedonian” bodyguard . O. An ally contingent drawn from this list need not include Pk unless the C-in-C is Pk. C-in-C .Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Galatian mercenaries .Reg LH (S) @ 7AP Foot of the phalanx . There is also a reference to interpenetrating slingers.104 BC Warm. L.Irr Hd (S) @ 2AP Pack donkeys .Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Replace pack-donkeys with camp . trumpets of massacre. E = 2/19. RF. As of 16/08/11 43. 2/22. so this might appear on the standard. Prayer. small shield and 12 foot spear. O. the older men being in heavy cavalry stationed on the army’s wings.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. The text covering the heavier cavalry is corrupt. V. Antiochos IV led his young Macedonian-style bodyguard personally. During the Jewish revolt. 2/56. BUAf. Ag 1.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Only before 18 AD: Mercenary thureophoroi . E = 2/14. greaves. The army’s main heraldic symbol seems to be an ear of wheat. but subsequently became a client-state of Rome.Reg Pk (I) @ 3AP Archers . F. 2/19. helmet. GH.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Guerillas . exhortation and troop direction by blasts from sacred trumpets (1 set called “trumpets of massacre”) figure prominently. and a generally high state of morale fostered by religious enthusiasm. The varied classification of the guerillas reflects the contrast between the shrinking of the army from 3. Rd. 2/28. rams horns and great standard to Reg Bge (S) @ 26AP Upgrade sub-generals to Reg Kn (F) @ 31AP.Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP Slingers .Irr Wb (S) @ 5AP Only after 80 BC: Regrade hoplitai as all Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP or all Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP. and the younger in unarmored units with bow and javelin supporting each infantry division and each side of the camp. BUAf.72 AD Warm. Irr Bd (F) @ 5AP Bandits .Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP Ally-generals . However. BUA. Rd. Ag 0. for whom surrender would bring death by execution or in the quarries and mines.Irr Bd (O) @ 15AP or Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP German or Gallic sub-general . F.Irr Ax (O) @ 8AP Antiochos’ Syrians .Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Axemen . from 103 BC to 99 BC: C-in-C . Wd. Plutarch mentions the use of herdsmen and shepherds as skirmishers. S. who all suicided rather than surrender. an odd gladiator figure on each base could be rationalised as a die-hard expert and serve to identify the elite elements. Unfortunately for figure-converters. from 74 BC to 71 BC: C-in-C .Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. wagons and looted flocks .71 BC Warm.Irr Wb (S) @ 5AP Gallic ex-slaves . RF. as well as captured arms.Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Light horse .Irr Wb (O) @ 3AP 32-96 8-24 0-2 per general 1 1-2 *2 24-72 4-12 0-2 4-16 1 1-2 2-8 0-6 16-40 0-8 1 0 or 1 1 0-1 2-4 24-60 0-1 0-4 0-4 This list covers the three major slave revolts against the Romans in Sicily and Italy.Irr Bd (O) @ 15AP or Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP Upgrade C-in-C (as Spartacus) to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra Sub-general .Irr Ax (I) @ 2AP Only Second Servile War. They must be in his command. O. He mentions axemen and slingers.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Ex-slaves armed with captured Roman equipment . 40 .Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Slingers . and probably fought in their native style. Classification of the majority of the ex-slaves as Hordes (S) represents the combination of desperation and shortage of arms. Diodorus’s account suggests a strong Hellenistic Asian background to the first revolt (First Servile War).Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP Ex-gladiators and veteran war prisoners armed with Roman equipment . The Sicilian revolts were marked by extreme rivalry and treachery between slave commanders. Gauls and Germans formed distinct units in Spartacus’s force. GH. All the slave revolts were marked by extreme fanaticism by the slaves. and applies only if Antiochos is C-in-C.Irr Ax (I) @ 2AP Only Revolt of Spartacus. 2/49. RH.Irr Bd (I) @ 4AP Gallic and German cavalry .Irr Ax (S) @ 14AP Ally-generals .Irr Bd (O) @ 5AP Other ex-slaves armed with captured equipment .DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. Ex-slaves .Irr Cv (O) @ 12AP Cavalry .Irr Ps (I) @ 1AP Camp .Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP German ex-slaves . E = 2/33. Whether Spartacus should be graded as Brilliant is perhaps doubtful. Spartacus seems not to have had this problem.Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Kilikian and Syrian ex-slaves . DH.Irr Bd (I) @ 4AP Bandits . SICILIAN AND ITALIAN SLAVE REVOLTS 135 BC . though he was certainly an original commander given to stratagems. The second revolt (Second Servile War) made good use of cavalry. The upgrade is therefore optional.presumably they felt it would be too humiliating to wear any longer. from 135 BC to 132 BC: C-in-C . but not the use of horses or captured equipment. Rv. Plutarch says that Spartacus’s gladiators threw away their gladiatorial equipment as soon as they captured Roman arms . V.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Only First Servile War. or women. As of 16/08/11 45. The option marked * represents the elite bodyguard of the slave-king Antiochos.Irr Hd (S) @ 2AP Shepherds and herdsmen . M. As of 16/08/11 46. Minima marked * apply if any Indian troops are used. F. The Chionites settled among the Kushan and became known to the Romans as “Kidarite Huns”.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Only before 300 AD: Skythian allies . revolted in 356 with Chionite help but were defeated in 358. RH. 2/80.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP. suggesting that remnants of the Bactrian or Indo-Greek forces were incorporated in early Kushan armies.Irr LH (F) @ 4AP Kushan foot: up to ½ archers . Rv. Figures equipped as Hellenistic phalangites are shown on the rare “Macedonian soldier” type of Kushan coin. E. 2/38. E = 1/43. 2/63.Irr Pk (F) @ 3AP Only from 50 BC to 410 AD: Maiden guard .Irr Bw (O) @ 4AP Indian javelinmen .Irr Kn (X) @ 21AP or Irr El (O) @ 26AP Sub-general .Reg Pk (I) @ 3AP Only after 100 BC: Elephants . Oa or Wd. 2/37. In the 1st century AD the Kushans conquered the other clans and established the Great Kushan empire over northern India. 2/41. looking very like Parthian types. “Mountain” troops are from IndoIranian border countries such as modern Afghanistan.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Mountain archers . GH. C-in-C . remainder spearmen .Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP Indian cavalry .Irr Bd (I) @ 4AP Indian wild tribe archers . KUSHAN 135 BC .DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Baggage camels or horse herds .Irr Hd (O) @ 1AP Only from 40 AD to 100 AD: Rebel Hyrkanian allies . BUAf. eastern Iran and much of central Asia.477 AD Dry. The Kushans became Sassanid vassals in 262 AD.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP or Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP or Irr Bw (O) @ 4AP Mountain spearmen . 2/69.List: Kimmerian. but remained in being south of the Hindu Kush until it fell to the Hephthalite Huns sometime after 477. SF. 2/3.as above Kushan cataphracts .Irr Bd (I) @ 4AP Mountain cavalry . Rd.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Indian poorly-armed foot or followers . DH. again with Chionite aid. 2/79. Frescoes from a Yueh-chi palace at Khalchayan show a cataphract cavalryman and several horse archers. revolted again in 370 and established their independence by 390 under Kidara. G. This new “Little Kushan” state lost its northern territories to the Sassanids after a defeat in 468. 2/36. Ag 2.Irr Cv (I) @ 5AP Indian archers .List: Hunnic (Bk 2/80) Only after 390 AD: Upgrade horse archers to Chionites .List: Parthian (Bk 2/37) Only from 356 AD to 358 AD and from 370 AD to 390 AD: Chionite allies . 41 .Irr Kn (X) @ l 1AP Kushan horse archers .Irr El (O) @ 16AP Swordsmen and axemen in quilted armour .Irr LH (S) @ 6AP All 0-8 0-4 0-6 0-3 0-4 0-4 0-1 *1-5 *6-12 *1-2 per 2 Bw 0-2 0-3 1 1-2 6-12 16-36 0-12 0-2 per general The Kushans were originally one of the five Yueh-chi clans who occupied Sogdia and overran the Bactrian Greek kingdom shortly before 130 BC. Skythian or Early Hu (Bk 1/43) Only from 130 BC to 100 AD: Remnant Bactrian Greeks . dressed as a Roman general. but the cavalry are described as having animal crested helmets. Batavi or Suebi foot warriors to heroes with long spears . fighting in close formation “chained together”. The provenance of the Cimbri and Teutones is disputed. which sounds Celtic.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP 0-2 per general Set-up wagon laager for camp . M. Maroboduus. They destroyed four Roman armies before being crushed by Marius. Usipi and/or Mattiaci allies . 0-1 per Cv 2-4 0-4 12-48 1-2 All *1-3 *4-16 0-1 0-2 0-3 42 .List: Early German (Bk 2/47) This list covers German tribes from the first Roman encounter with the Cimbri and Teutones until the effect on German military techniques of contact with Rome had become significant. Wd. WW. BF. some considering them “Trans-Danubian Celts”. Usipi and Mattiaci cannot provide rear support for each other. While the Cherusci and Batavi specialised in ambushes from forests or marsh.Irr Wb (S) @ 5AP . DH.Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Ballistae . An ala and cohorts of Roman-trained and equipped auxiliaries spearheaded Civilis’s Batavian revolt of 69 AD. who may have provided most cavalry. German allied contingents in other lists can include non-compulsory cavalry and supporting Ps (S). as above. Any other tribe present must be commanded by its own ally-general. The Chauci raided along the coasts of Gaul and south-east Britain and the Bructeri fought a river mouth battle against the Romans in 12 BC. WH. Ag 2.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. RH. Irr Cv can always dismount as Wb (S).Chatti . mail. Rv. Cherusci.List: Gallic (Bk 2/11) Ambrones allies . Minima marked * apply only if deserters are used. 2/47. Many Suebi and Aesti fought with short clubs (as depicted on Trajan’s Column). C-in-C . SF.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-10 Camp . in which case the C-in-C should be a big man with one eye. Tencteri.Cherusci or Batavian . javelins. who ruled the Marcomanni from 9 BC to 19 AD is reported to have drilled his army almost to Roman standards. EARLY GERMAN 115 BC . most tribes were known as stubborn toe-to-toe fighters and the Chatti had a great reputation for exceptional ferocity. 2/49.Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP [Ax (S)] Chatti. but they had Celtic allies. Chatti or “other tribes”.Irr Cv (O) @ 12AP or Irr Wb (S) @ 10AP 1-2 Cavalry . BUA. otherwise 8AP Upgrade Ps (S) to Reg Ps (S) @ 3AP Replace Wb with Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP Only Suebi from 19 AD to 49 AD: Regrade C-in-C or sub-general as Irr Kn (F) @ 19AP Replace cavalry with Sarmatian friends and relations . An army representing Ariovistus’s confederacy in 58 BC cannot include any troops from the Batavi.Irr Bts (O) @ 2AP [Wb] Only Quadi from 88 AD to 93 AD and from 167 AD to 175 AD: Iazyges allies .Irr Wb (S) up to ¼ Regrade Suebi or Aesti foot warriors with wooden club. Iazyges and Later Rhoxolani Sarmatians (Bk 2/26) Marcomani allies . German cavalry were usually supported by elite light infantry “horse-killers”.250 AD Cool.Irr Wb (O) @ 3AP 44-132 Upgrade Cherusci .List: Early German (Bk 2/47) Only Bructeri in 12 BC.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP or Irr Wb (S) @ l5 AP 1 Sub-general of same tribe. As of 16/08/11 47. white shields.List: Gallic (Bk 2/11) or Early German (Bk 2/47) Any except Cimbri and Teutones: Upgrade foot skirmishers as elite to deploy with cavalry to Irr Ps (S) [can support own tribe’s Cv] Only Marcomanni from 9 BC to 19 AD: Upgrade Cv to Reg Cv (O) @ 28 AP if C-in-C or sub-general.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP.Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP: 0-8 Foot warriors if C-in-C or ally-general commanding them is: . short sword and shield to Irr Bd (F) @ 5AP 0-12 Foot skirmishers . E = 1/47. Their foot had more in common with Germans. or ally-general of different tribe . but the Germans’ most famous victory was that of Teutoburger Wald in 9 AD.Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Batavian deserters from Roman army . Batavi in 69 AD or Chauci from 41 AD to 200 AD: Boats . Chatti. but with long bright red hair! A Batavian flotilla captured the Roman flagship while the general was away entertaining his mistress. The successful Roman punitive expeditions are less known since everyone loves a good disaster! The usual weapon was the light spear called the framea. A sub-general can only command troops of the same tribe as the C-in-C. or 1-2 per Bge (O) Ditch and bank field fortification .Irr Wb (F) @ 3AP . and Julius Caesar twice calling them German.Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP Only if Batavian C-in-C (Civilis) from 69 AD to 70AD: Batavian deserters from Roman army . 2/11. 2/39. or is Ariovistus . GH.List: Siracae.TF @ 1AP 0. 2/66. despite a reported origin in Scandinavia. No command can include troops of more than one tribe. 2/64. and supported by unshielded skirmishers naked or wearing only a cloak hurling sheaves of fire-hardened wooden spears to exceptional ranges. except that an allied contingent of Chatti in 69 or 70 AD must be half Usipi and Mattiaci. They may have picked up such ways while wandering through Gaul and Spain.TF @ 2AP 0-12 Only Cimbri and Teutones from 113 BC to 102 BC: Tigurini allies . and lacking supporting infantry. long sword. 2/26. or loaded wagons . or cattle-herd .Irr Ps (I) @ 1AP 12-24 Archers .Reg Art (O) @ 8AP Liburnians .from other tribes. led by groups of impetous heroes armed with inconveniently long heavy spears. 2/56. Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP Only after 84 BC: Downgrade C-in-C to Irr Kn (I) @ 18AP Imitation legionaries . The minimum marked * applies only if any brazen shields or ex-slave phalangites are used. According to Caesar’s biographer.000 of Mithridates own in a re-occupation of Pontus after Lucullus invaded Armenia. Pharnaces’ customary deployment comprised a single main battle line. Rv. Bd (F)] Biremes . the cavalry being deployed outside these. As of 16/08/11 48. or Irr Kn (I) @ 18AP Pontic heavy cavalry . Against Domitius he protected the flanks of his infantry with ditches. Rd.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Skythians . baggage-carriers or sutlers wagons” . but was then equally unlucky and made a spectacular victim for Caesar. he once more pulled himself up by his boot straps with aid from a contingent of 4. with the intention of marching round the north-west coast of the Black Sea and invading Italy in alliance with the Gauls. Overcome rather by the hideousness of the spectacle than by loss of the fight. indeed defeating the Bithynians with only these and light infantry near the River Amnias in 84 BC. instituting an organised slaughter of all Roman citizens (with special attention to tax officials) and executed the greedy governor by pouring molten gold down his throat. E = 1/43. RF. V. This was too much for his remaining subjects. 2/30.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Thracians . He did not initially command his army. but continued to be used right up until the final defeat of Pharnaces. If so.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Decked ships .Irr LH (F) @ 4AP Bosporan or Iazygian nobles . though making full use of their scythed chariots and superior cavalry.Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Javelinmen . 2/6.TF @ 2AP Armenian allies .DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP Chalybes . Wd. This programme rallied nearly the whole of Greece to his side and enabled him to create a second phalanx from freed slaves of the Romans. 43 . distinguished from the existing “brazen shields” by not having gold and silver decorated equipment. O.Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP Sub-general . fear disordered their ranks. however.Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP [Ax. and the same in the centre.Reg Exp (O) @ 8AP Camp . or “road-makers.Irr Kn (I) @ 8AP Pontic or Danubian Thracian light horse . GH. with three lines of reserves strengthening each wing. There he raised a new army. Pontic armies won several victories over lesser Roman generals. 2/14. Archelaos having joined battle without waiting for the phalanx to arrive. Bd (F)] Ditch and bank field defences . or mangled in fragments. Pharnaces re-occupied Pontus from Bosporus during the Roman Civil War.Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP Bastarnae foot .47 BC Warm.Reg Pk (O) @ 4AP Ex-slave phalangites .Irr Bd (F) @ 5AP Galatians . 2/49. only coming unstuck against the big four. 2/24. C-in-C . He then reformed the army on Roman lines. or hanging on the scythes. Having been provoked into war by the greedy governor of the Roma province of Asia (the former Pergamon).Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP or Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP Slingers . at first leaving it to the competent professional soldier Archelaos.Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP or Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Archers . SH. displaying some talent. reorganising the infantry as imitation legionaries. G.Reg Gal (O) @ 5AP [Ax. Mithridates decided to go for broke.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. Appian describes the effect of the successful scythed chariot charge: “The army of Nikomedes was terrified at seeing men cut in halves and still breathing. Ag 3. It is not known whether the large contingent of cavalry from Armenia Minor (by then a vassal province of Pontus) commanded by Mithridates’ son Arkathios in the initial phase of the 1st Mithridatic War included cataphracts. Defeated again by the brilliant Lucullus (he was very unlucky with his opponents).000 men sent by Tigranes of Armenia to supplement 4. and a revolt by his surviving son and successor Pharnaces in 63 BC led to Mithridates’s suicide at the hand of a loyal Celtic officer. 2/25. only to be defeated again by Pompey in 66 BC and flee to his Bosporan sub-kingdom.Irr Pk (F) @ 3AP 1 1-2 3-4 5-8 0-4 0-5 6-12 6-28 6-12 0-5 0-4 0-4 0-6 *2-4 0-2 per general 0-3 0-1 0-6 0-8 0-16 0-2 0-1 8-20 0-4 This list extends from the accession of Mithridates the Great to the throne of Pontus until the final defeat of his son Pharnaces.List: Early Armenian and Gordyene (Bk 2/28) Only before 84 BC: Brazen shields . invading and conquering Roman Greece. 2/37. DH.Irr Wb (O) @ 3AP Scythed chariots . Although ultimately defeated by the Romans. MITHRIDATIC 110 BC .Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP. The earlier armies used standard Hellenistic tactics. F. they can be treated as an Armenian allied contingent.Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP Thureophoroi . WH.Reg Pk (I) @ 3AP Imitation legionaries . based according to Appian around 36.000 freemen and slaves trained as legionaries.” In later battles against the Romans scythed chariots proved less effective. S. BUAf. and from 84 BC commanded it himself. His original army did not stand up to Sulla’s veterans of the Social War and was quickly bundled out of Greece. Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP 0-10 Spanish.List: Late Judaean (Bk 2/51) Only if in Asia from 53 BC to 36 BC: Armenian allies . MARIAN ROMAN 105 BC . 2/14. 1/47.List: Early Armenian and Gordyene (Bk 2/28) Only if in Asia in 53BC: Downgrade C-in-C (as Crassus) to Inert general @ 75AP less Only in Africa from 49 BC to 46 BC: Numidian or Moorish allies . 2/45.Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP 1 Sub-general .List: Galatian (Bk 2/30) Only if in Asia from 64 BC to 53 BC: Arab nomad allies .Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP 1-2 Roman ally general . or 1 per 2 Bd 44 . 2/37. 2/30. PRd. Illyrian or Kappadokian cavalry . GH.Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP 0-6 Gallic auxiliaries . Numidian. S.Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP 0-4 Thureophoroi/Peltasts .DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP 0-6 Syrian horse archers . Spanish.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-4 German. C-in-C . 1/48. DH. or 24-32 0. 2/39.Reg Bge (F) @ 3AP 0-2 per general Ditch and rampart for camp(s) . 2/48. M.List: Bithynian (Bk 2/6) Only if from 84 BC to 48 BC and C-in-C is Pompey: Upgrade C-in-C to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra Only if in Asia from 74 BC to 66 BC and C-in-C is Lucullus: Upgrade C-in-C to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra Upgrade Bd (O) legionaries to Reg Bd (S) @ 9AP Only if in Asia from 74 BC to 31 BC: Galatian allies .TF @ 2AP 0-1 per 2 Reg Bd Quinquiremes . Rd.Irr LH (F) @ 4AP 0-1 Balearic.Reg Bge (O) @ 3AP. 2/11. 2/20. O. Greek or Spanish javelinmen .25 BC Warm.Reg Art (O) @ 8AP 0-2 Ditch and rampart to protect artillery .Reg Cv (O) @ 18AP 0-1 Legionaries . Ag 3.Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP 0-6 Mixed gladiators . Thracian or Ligurian foot .Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP [Bd] 0-3 Despatch vessels . 2/49. or Numidian.TF @ 2AP 0-4 per Art Camp . 2/28. Thracian.Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP 0 or 8 -24 Gallic. Greek or Numidian slingers. SH. Illyrian. 1 0 or 1 1 0-8 1 1 All/0 0 or 1 0. BUAf. F. Spanish. 2/52.Irr Bd (O) @ 5AP 0-4 African elephants .Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP 0-6 Numidian.Irr El (I) @ 12AP 0-1 Artillery requisitioned from cities . Syrian.Reg Bd (O) @ 7AP 16-36 Raw legionaries . 2/44.Reg Gal (O) @ 6AP [Bd] 0-3 Liburnians . 2/51. E = 1/7. Italian or Macedonian cavalry . Greek or Pontic archers . or pack mules . As of 16/08/11 49.List: Gallic (Bk 2/11) Only if in Asia from 63 BC . RF.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-12 Cretan archers .List: Numidian or Early Moorish (Bk 2/40) Only if in Europe or Africa from 48 BC to 36 BC and C-in-C is Lepidus: Downgrade C-in-C to Inert general @ 75AP less.38 BC: Judaean allies . 2/47.List: Later Pre-Islamic Arab (Bk 2/23) Only if from 58 BC to 45 BC and C-in-C is Julius Caesar: Upgrade C-in-C to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra Upgrade Bd (O) legionaries (as Legio X) to Reg Bd (S) @ 9AP Only if in Gaul in 52 BC and if C-in-C is Julius Caesar: Aeduan allies . 2/23. 2/53. 2/40. Gallic. German. V.FO @ 2AP Only if in Asia from 88 BC to 75 BC: Bithynian allies . Rv.Reg Bts (F) @ 2AP 0-1 Only if from 105 BC to 100 BC and C-in-C is Marius: Upgrade C-in-C to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra Only if from 97 BC to 83 BC and C-in-C is Sulla: Upgrade Bd (O) legionaries to Reg Bd (S) @ 9AP Stakes used as hidden obstacle stratagem .TF @ 1AP 1-2 per Bge (O) Ditch and rampart as field entrenchments . Cassius and Brutus cannot have elephants. Marcus Licinius Crassus had not always been Inert. Numidian allies can represent Juba’s army. Newly recruited raw legionaries were usually kept back in reserve or to defend the camp. V. Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP or Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Only if in Macedonia from 30 BC to 28 BC: Dacian allies . RF. including those of Marius himself. Sulla and Caesar both used small numbers of boltshooters in field battles. Both Pompey and Caesar once used camp followers on pack animals to masquerade as additional cavalry. E = 2/19.Irr Ps (I) @ 1AP Pisidian.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Ditch and bank to protect camp . usually in small fortlets commanding difficult terrain.Irr Bts (I) @ 1 AP [Ps(I)] Only from 66 BC to 64 BC: Nabataean allies . this is not always obvious since he was unlucky enough to be opposed by first Sertorius. The option to use a Roman ally represents the temporary alliance of rival leaders in civil war. or with an exceptional reputation among contemporaries (such as Caesar’s Legio X). Bd cannot provide rear support for Bd of a different grade. 2/50. father of Herod the Great. This is best simulated by an Exaggerating Army Size stratagem. 3-15 0-8 50.Reg LH (S) @ 7AP Foot of the Phalanx . O. Rd. Generals can always dismount as Bd (S). Only the C-in-C or a mercenary general can command mercenaries. DH.Reg Kn (F) @ l l AP Cavalry of the Phalanx and other Judaean cavalry . in a civil war from 66 BC. A mercenary general’s command cannot include rioting mob. During this period the Hasmoneans fought Seleucids.63 BC Warm.Reg Kn (F) @ 21AP Mercenary sub-general . or pack-donkeys . Numidians or Armenian allies.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Javelinmen .Irr LH (F) @ 4AP Eastern client foot archers .Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP or Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP Slingers . GH. and then not with gladiators. Kilikian and Greek mercenary thureophoroi . who were even better. then Caesar. Nabataeans and. such as Cassius with Brutus. Cavalry were relatively few in number during this period. Alexander was widely hated by the Judaeans and maintained himself in power by using large numbers of Hellenistic mercenaries. Pompey. Rv. and were equipped and fought in their own native styles.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. RH. Moorish allies can represent Bogud’s army. each other. Warships’ fighting crews were overwhelmingly of legionaries. F. Ptolemies. A Nabataean army assisted Hyrcanus. or 1-2 per Bge (O) 0-4 0-4 45 . While Pompey deserves his grading as Brilliant.Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Regrade Foot of the Phalanx and/or mercenary thureophoroi as Reg Pk (I) @ 3AP Cretan mercenary archers . 2/22. Hekatontomachi “100 killers” are described as carrying long brass thureoi like those specified for “Foot of the Phalanx” in the “Rule of War” in the Dead Sea Scrolls. C-in-C . BUAf. As of 16/08/11 Only if in Greece or Asia and alliance of Cassius and Brutus in 42 BC: Eastern client or Thracian horse archers . made especially confident by years of continuous victorious battle (such as Sulla’s veterans of the Social War). artillery was requisitioned as needed from cities or sometimes the fleet. Judaean subordinates are rated as ally-generals because of the possibility of treachery. Only one non-Roman allied contingent can be used. or Anthony with Octavian.List: Arabo-Aramaean (Bk 2/22) This list covers the armies of the Hasmoneans from the accession of Alexander Yannai until the sack of Jerusalem by Pompey. In his youth he had been an effective subordinate to Sulla and later defeated Spartacus with an army of 2 old and 6 raw legions (although Pompey stole the credit). Lucullus was an exceptionally talented tactician.Reg Ax (S) @ 25AP Cavalry of the Army . Ag 1. This was an army much given to digging. As in previous Roman armies. Sulla. HASMONEAN JEWISH 103 BC .Irr Hd (F) @ 1AP Boats . Legionaries upgraded to Bd (S) represent those legions that had been exceptionally intensely trained (such as those of Lucullus). G. A legion was not considered fully trained until it had had a full year of service including a full winter training period. Crassus and Julius Caesar. Sulla started his siege of Peiraeus in 67 BC without artillery and had to send to friendly cities for some. Auxiliary infantry and cavalry had not yet been regularised. but unpopular with his men because of his exceptionally severe training methods and his restriction of looting and extortion.List: Dacian and Carpi (Bk 2/52) This list covers Roman armies from the reforms of Marius until those of Augustus.Reg Kn (F) @ 31AP Jewish ally-general . Legionaries were now uniformly armed with pilum and short sword and protected by mail shirt and oval scutum.TF @ 1AP Rioting mob .Irr Bw (O) @ 4AP. incessantly. The last reference to velites was in 108 BC.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP Camp .Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Archers . 1 1-2 0-1 1-2 2-6 16-30 10-24 7-20 9-24 0-30 0-20 0-2 0-2 per general 0. in which case no other elephants are allowed in the army. Spanish or German Ps (S) can give rear support to Cv of their own nation. although they were normally bitter enemies of the Jews. Romans cannot be used with Parthians. Germans or Thracians cannot be used with Parthians. L.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP.as above Spearbearers . GH. Rome regularly intervened in Judaean affairs and a Judaean allied contingent under Antipater saved a Roman army from defeat in 47 BC.Irr Hd (F) @ 1AP Requisitioned ships . C-in-C .List: Marian Roman (Bk 2/49) or Early Imperiai Roman (Bk 2/56) Only from 48 BC to 47 BC: Arabo-Aramaean and Syrian horse archers . The Parthians intervened in a Judaean civil war during the great western expedition of Pacorus. Rd. The “spear bearers” could have been Hellenistic style xystophoroi or Roman style lanciarii. DH. O. F. As of 16/08/11 51.Irr Ax (O) @ 8AP if general. Ag 1.Irr Hd (S) @ 2AP Rioting mob . BUAf. Celts. otherwise 3AP Roman allies . Itureans lived intermingled with Arabs in the Lebanese hills and are one source of bandit allies. 46 . bandits or more than 2 elements of mercenary thureophoroi. possibly as imitation legionaries. hence are given a higher rating.Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Camp . Religious mob cannot be used with rioting mob or Romans. or 1-2 per Bge (O) 0-4 0-8 0-3 0-2 0-1 0-12 ½ or 0 4-6 4-6 0-12 This list covers the armies of the later Hasmoneans and Herodians from Pompey’s sack of Jerusalem until Augustus’s annexation. 2/22.as “Spearbearers”.6 AD Warm. V. 2/37.Irr Bts (I) [Ps (I)] @ 1AP Bandit ally-general .Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Only from 40 BC to 38 BC: Parthian allies under Pacoros . or pack-donkeys .Irr LH (F) @ 4AP Nomadic Arabs .DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. Rv. 2/56.all Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP or all Irr Wb (O) @ 3AP Babylonian Jewish horse archers .Reg LH (F) @ 5AP Thracian horse .all Irr LH (O) @ 4AP or all Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Thracian foot . LATE JUDAEAN 63 BC . they are not merely bandits by professian. which is reflected in the list’s maxima.Irr Ax (I) @ 7AP Bandits . but by tribal tradition.Irr Ps (I) @ 1AP Other Judaean foot . They later provided the Romans with auxiliary archers.Irr Hd (O) @ 1AP Idumaean or Iturean hillmen . Judaean and Idumaean infantry were also organised as cohorts. E = 2/20. RH. It has been fairly convincingly postulated that the three Thracian cohorts and three Thracian alae of the Roman army of Syria in 88 AD may have been Herod’s old Thracian units. RF. An allied contingent from this list can include cavalry and light horse. 2/51.Irr Shp (O) @ 3AP [Ax (S) or Bd (I)] Boats . However.Irr Ax (I) @ 2AP Upgrade bandits to Itureans .Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Ditch and bank to protect camp . Reg Kn (F) @ 31AP or Reg Ax (S) @ 25AP Sub-general .Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP or Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP Slingers . A bandit general can only control bandits.List: Parthian (Bk 2/37) 1 1-2 1-2 0-1 0-2 0-4 0-8 0-6 12-16 8-12 6-10 8-16 0-12 0-6 0-4 0-2 per general 0.all Reg Kn (F) @ l l AP or all Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Germans .PF @ 1AP Religious mob .Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP or Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Mercenary thureophoroi .Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Celts . G. Judaea could not field a large army without assistance from allies.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Javelinmen . All the legionaries of a Roman allied contingent can be downgraded to raw Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP.all Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP or all Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Judaean and Idumaean cohorts .all Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP or all Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP Archers . Herod the Great requisitioned ships to aid Agrippa in the Black Sea. 2/49. Whether they deserve Brilliant status is perhaps uncertain. S.Irr Cv (O) @ l1AP or on foot. O.Irr Bge (S) @ 3AP 0-1 Only if C-in-C is Cassivellaunus/Caswallon from 55 BC to 54 BC: Upgrade C-in-C to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra Replace all foot except Ps with same AP of extra chariots .75 AD Cool. The pony-riding cavalry are described in a document from Vindolanda as “contemptible little Britons” and as lacking swords. Ag 0.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP 10-16 Foot warriors .Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Javelinmen . M. WW. ending in annexation. Iazyges.in chariot. nor any Bge (S) be used.List: Early Imperial Roman (Bk 2/56) 0-1 All/0 0-1 0-12 This list covers British armies of “The Island of the Mighty” south of the Forth-Clyde line from Julius Caesar’s expedition until final pacification.Irr Cv (O) @ 6AP Only if from 43 BC to 51 AD and C-in-C is Caractacus/Caradoc: Upgrade C-in-C to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra Only if the C-in-C is Cartimandua between 51 AD and 69 AD: Roman allies . The minima marked * apply if more than 5 elements of Bastarnae are used. Both Cassivellaunus and Caractatus were charismatic leaders who ran successful semi-guerilla campaigns against the Romans over an extended period. Sacrificing druids and screaming women opposed Suetonius’s invasion of Anglesea in the same year.Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Bastarnae warriors . As of 16/08/11 52.Irr Wb (S) @ 15AP. It need not include legionaries. BUAf + DH.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Low drystone walls to protect camp . the first serious Roman punitive expedition was by Domitian in 85 AD.102 AD and 105 .Irr Bd (F) @ 5AP Captured Roman artillery . Cassivellaunus is said by Caesar to have mustered 4. elderly & children .Irr Wb (F) @ 3AP 40-96 Slingers . BUAf are hill forts. or 1-2 per Bge (O) Upgrade baggage to sacrificing druids and horrible screaming women . However. Irr Cv (O) @ 16AP or on foot. Irr Wb (F) @ 13AP or lrr Cv (I) @ 15AP Sub-general .106 AD AND CARPI 106 AD . or 1-2 per Bge (O) *1 0-2 1 per Bastarnae Cv *6-16 0-1 0-1 per Art 0-10 Dacia was always a source of raids into the lands south of the Danube. Rv or Wd. Wd. V. Remnant tribes continued to give trouble at least until 380 AD as Carpi or Carpodacae. 2/56. RH. 2/11. 2/49.380 AD Cool. hurling javelins and disordering opponents by the noise of their wheels and terror of being struck. 2/78. Rd. Rv. or more than 20 elements of slingers. Although Julius Caesar was planning a campaign against the Dacians at the time of his death in 44 BC.Irr Cv (O) @ 6AP 0-21 Cavalry . so this is optional. RH. DH.Irr Wb (F) @ 3AP Falxmen .Irr Wb (S) @ 15AP.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP 0-2 per general Wagon circle to defend families . or wagons . the Romans all agree that the strength of a British army lay in its infantry rushes.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Camp . Tacitus also refers to noisy manoeuvreing and Dio describes them breaking up groups of enemy by deliberately running into them. 2/52. BF. but raiding continued. or wagons or flocks and herds . BUAf. and no British ally generals. Irr Wb (F) @ 8AP or Irr Wb (S) @ 10AP 0-2 Chariots . G.106 AD. Accordingly.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP or Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP Skirmishers . Burebistas and Decebalus.List: Siracae. This list covers armies from the accession of the former until the death of the latter. a murderous curved blade on a long haft swung twohanded and probably identical to the Thracian rhomphaia.TF @ 1AP 0. E. necessitating two major wars under Trajan in 101 . repeated equally disastrously in 87 AD. 2/56. 2/60.as above 0-1 Ally General .Reg Art (O) @ 8AP Drystone breastwork to protect artillery @ 2AP Iazyges allies . DACIAN 60 BC . C-in-C .Irr Ps (I) @ 1AP 0-6 Women. 47 . GH. A minor success was scored in 88 AD. Ag 1. C-in-C . E = 49. Later Rhoxolani Sarmatians (Bk 2/26) 1 0-2 2-5 36-100 6-10 10-20 0-15 0-2 per general 0. The part of the army that made most impression on Roman minds were the Dacians and Bastarnae armed with the falx.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. Retreat was hindered at Boudicca’s defeat in 61AD by families and their wagons.Irr Bd (F) @ 10AP or Irr Cv (O) @ l2AP Bastarnae cavalry – Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Bastarnae javelinmen supporting Bastarnae cavalry .Irr Bd (F) @ 5AP Archers . but became a greater menace under two ambitious kings. ANCIENT BRITISH 55 BC .Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-36 Adolescent javelin skirmishers . 2/54. 2/64. BF. Crew frequently dismounted to support cavalry. 2/53. Irr Wb (F) @ l 3AP or Irr LH (O) @ 14AP Cavalry .TF @ 1AP Only Dacians before 107 AD: Bastarnae ally-general . A Bastarnae general must control all and only Bastarnae. DH.000 chariots and dismissed most of his infantry. slaves. A Roman force intervened in at least once in Brigantia in favour of Queen Cartimandua. The prestige arm was light chariotry which Caesar describes driving around. F. Wd. The tribes of the South-West were especially fond of the sling. Irr Wb (F) @ 13AP or Irr Wb (S) @ 15AP 1 Sub-General . 2/26. charioteers can always dismount as Wb (S). 53. E = 1/47. TF @ 2AP Curraghs . a small shield and light javelins. In later eras. all of whom together formed a multiple Siamese twin with 28 heads. or any 10 years between 293 AD and 368 AD: Upgrade sub-general (as CuChulain) to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra Only from 300 AD to 406 AD: Attecotti warriors .Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP or Irr Wb (S) @ 5AP 0-8 0-2 0-1 0-4 0-4 1 0-1 0-3 *8-24 30-75 0-60 5-20 0-2 0-6 0-2 per general 0-10 0-8 This list covers Irish armies (then usually called Scots) of” The Island of the Blessed”. the wizard Clan Calatan (which in “P” Celtic would be “Palatan”) and his 27 sons.as above Irish ally-general . He was killed by Cormac Mac Art in 226 AD. Such interventions may have taken place under Hadrian and again in the 4th century. SF. surplus plashing is lost. They were noted for their savagery and should be depicted with their hair shaved in front and in long plaits behind. Plashing is the interlacing of branches to make an obstacle. so there is no reason to suppose they fought differently in this earlier period. BUA. For Attecotti. from the time of Caesar’s invasions of Britain until Irish methods changed in response to Viking raids and settlement. M. Rd. The occasional decrepit elderly general may still have been carried in a chariot up to the end of the period. Irish sea raiding was a major pest during the 4th century.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. Rv. but most would have fought on foot to add punch to the battle line.Irr Ps (I) @ 1AP Slingers . O.842 AD Cool. 3/40. 2/60. It is possible that he is mythical.Kings and nobles (probably in chariots). Ax. Irish legal texts identify 3 classes of warrior . a deposed king of Tara. If there are insufficient wood edges. The large number of ally generals reflects the divided state of Ireland throughout the period.Irr Wb (F) @ 3AP Camp . E. GH. 2/54.Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Only after 432 AD: Saint and/or praying monks .Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Plashed wood edge . presumably in Roman lands. Ps] Only 110 AD to 121 AD. C-in-C .Irr Wb (S) @ 5AP Only in 637 AD and from 682 AD to 709 AD: British exiles . comprising a short light sword. since Irish legends mention CuChullain’s opponent. prosperous freemen possessing shields. The first actual Roman contact with them was probably in 81 AD. possibly out of irritation with Roman interference. Generals and other charioteers can always dismount as Ax (S). 2/78. 48 . Wd. SH. 2/81. The option to have CuChulain as a charismatic brilliant general “with the hero light burning on his forehead” allows him to heroically add to his combat dice. On a somewhat stronger historical footing. B. Saint Columba was given the main credit by contemporaries for the Ui Neill victory over King Diarmait in 561 AD. when Agricola was requested to help an Irish ruler regain his throne. Ag 3. 2/64. SCOTS-IRISH 55 BC .Irr Bge (S) @ 3AP Only in 629 AD: Northumbrian exiles . and settlements were also made in Pembroke and Galloway. they specialised in skirmishing from difficult terrain despite rather heavier arms. but if Ireland cannot be romantic. A sub-general can be the High King’s heir. and poorer freemen not expected to have shields and only called up in emergencies. Fianna or diberga were were independent professional warrior bands of devotees of pagan warrior cults.Irr Cv (O) @ 6AP Warriors . see the notes to the Pictish list. and one of the date ranges given derives from a historical novelist. L. fled to the “King of Britain” in 186 AD and with his help regained his throne in 195 AD. The minimum marked * applies only if any chariots except those of generals are used.in 2-horse chariot as Irr Cv (O) @ 16AP Sub-general . though the exiled warband of Rheged might have brought theirs over from 682 . or cattle herd . decisively outpraying Saint Finnian on the other side. who then built a large fleet and raided extensively.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.Irr Ax (I) @ 2AP Skirmishers . 2/56. or a champion such as CuChulain who should be represented by a small dark-haired warrior and red-haired driver in a chariot drawn by 1 gray and 1 black pony.in 2-horse chariot as Irr Cv (O) @ l 1AP Nobles in 2-horse chariots .Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Fianna or diberga .709. E = 2/53. the latter becoming the kingdom of Dal Riata and bequeathing their tribal name to the future kingdom of Scotland. Lugaid Laga Mac Conn.Irr Bts (I) @ 1AP [Wb.Irr Wb (S) @ 5AP Only from 81 AD to 406 AD: Roman allied auxilia . Irish infantry equipment was lighter than that of the other Celtic nations. sometimes of young nobles passing the time between fostering and inheritance as bandits. A Roman fortified coastal site has in fact been found north of Dublin. 3/19. who can? He cannot be used with Romans. 56 arms and legs and throwing a simultaneous volley of 28 spears! This sounds very like a distorted oral account of drilled Auxilia Palatina intervening in a civil war. 2/68. S. As of 16/08/11 54. DH. Only the C-in-C can command such Romans.Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Emergency levies . The idea of riding horses on the battlefield would not catch on for several hundred years yet among the Irish. as above Archers . short spear and shield.Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Spearmen . 2/78.Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Nobades or subject Kushite spearmen .Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Only Nobades before 550 AD or Nile valley Blemmyes from 400 AD to 540 AD: Cavalry . though probably not all achieved this.Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Blemmye spearmen . M. split in front but not behind. An Arab sub-general can only be used if the C-in-C is Arab. NOBADES AND BLEMMYE OR BEJA 30 BC .Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. or convert one sub-general to Arab ally-general. 3/31. BUA. G. 2/55. As of 16/08/11 55.List: Christian Nubian (Bk 3) The 6th edition WRG Blemmye list can now be seen to have telescoped two successive cultures. 3/4. The minimum marked * applies only if any non-Arab camels are used. 3/25.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Boats . RF. Ps] Only desert Blemmyes until 642 AD or Beja after 642 AD: Cavalry . subject to the Kushites of Meroe in the Ist century BC. A 4th-5th century source describes them as bold fighters using long spears and bows. They ride unarmoured horses. They began to raid Roman Egypt after the introduction of the camel in the 3rd century AD. some Beja came under the influence of Bedouin Arab tribes migrating south from Egypt. so other horse armour may have been used as well. They were ejected by the partly Christianised Nobades at Byzantine instigation about 540 AD. and conquered its southern frontier. 2/62. over a long-sleeved tunic. Saddle cloths are sheepskins like that found dyed blue at Ballana. in the 5th century. GH. Other foot are depicted in Roman Egypt with javelins and round shields. The ideal equipment aimed at by the cavalry of both was a scale or mail corselet. and carry 18” diameter dished round shields with pointed boss.Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP Sub-general . 3/65. Belts and sometimes baldric are worn. A wood carving from Egypt shows very similar warriors fighting Late Romans. 3/49. Bw. Chamfrons are known. and Lower Nubia.Irr Sp (I) @ 3AP Only after 200 AD: Mount Blemmye. 4/20. D.Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP or Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Camp .Irr LH (I) @ 3AP Only Nobades from 500 AD to 550 AD or Nile Valley Blemmyes from 500 AD to 540 AD: Upgrade generals to Irr Cv (S) @ 19AP with horse armour Upgrade cavalry to Irr Cv (S) @ 9AP with horse armour Only Beja after 831 AD: Convert C-in-C to Bedouin Arab. but remained in their ancestral desert where the medieval Arabs knew them as Beja.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. The Blemmyes were nomads of the desert east of Egypt and Nubia. E = 1/58. They have tight trousers and shoes or half boots. G. C-in-C . 2/17. Irr Cv (O) @ 12AP or Irr LH (O) @ 9AP Arab sub-general . Nobades or Beja spearmen on camels as Irr Cm (O) @ 6AP Camel-mounted scouts . 2/64. E.1500 AD Dry. Nobades or Nile Valley Blemmyes: Rv. What we have previously interpreted as standards are now thought to be prisoners crucified on forked poles! Claudian mentions Nubian archers with short arrows in their hair and this may be illustrated by a carving on the Arch of Constantine. which is now the subject of a separate list. Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP or Irr LH (O) @ 14AP. bow. or baggage-camels . 1 1-2 16-84 0-2 per general 0-3 2-8 6-20 12-36 0-12 16-40 0-12 *1-3 Any 0-1/2 **1 0-1 **8-24 0-12 0-6 0-12 49 . Desert Blemmyes or Beja: WW. 3/37. Meroitic Kushite. are bareheaded with stylised Negroid hair.Irr Bd (I) @ 4AP Arab archers . RH. Their name may derive from the Coptic “Balehmu” meaning “speakers of an unintelligible language”.Irr Bts (I) @ 1AP [Ax.Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP or Irr LH (O) @ 14AP Arab cavalry . Beja and Arabs all count as Bedouin. Desert Blemmyes. Arab sources describe them as “camel people” and as “camel riders wrapped in wild animal skins and carrying long seven-pointed [multiple-barbed?] spears”. wear long mail and scale shirts extending to mid thigh and elbow. The rulers of the Nobades and Blemmye wrote each other complaining letters in bad Greek about their mutual misbehaviour. and the enigmatic “X” or Ballana culture which is included here as Nobades and/or Nile valley Blemmyes. Ag 2. After their submission to the Abbasids in 831 AD. 2/56. O. Minima marked ** apply only if any Arabs are used.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP or Irr Bw (O) @ 4AP Replace Arab foot with Irr Cm (O) @ 6AP Only Beja from 846 AD to 861 AD: Christian Nubian allies . 3/12. RF. 4/45. D. GH.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Arab swordsmen and spearmen . D. Each legion now had its own permanent artillery establishment and artillery was used both in field battles as well as in sieges. DH. SH. O.Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP or Reg Bd (O) @ 27AP 1-2 Legionaries or cohortes praetoriae . S.Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP [V. C-in-C .Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-4 Symmachiarii: German clubmen . with the proviso that the legionaries can be swept away by warbands.Reg Cv (I) @ 6AP 0-4 Auxiliary infantry . Bd]. or Palmyrans .Reg Bd (O) @ 7AP 12-32 Equites alares .Irr Bd (F) @ 5AP. remainder bolt-shooters . 1/58.Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP 0-1 per Gal Only in Germany in 9AD: Downgrade C-in-C (as Varus) to Inert general @ 75AP less Only in Germany from 16 BC to 16 AD: Batavian or other German allies .Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP. Vespesian’s 3 legions had 150 or 160 of all types. 2/22. or Mauri . There are no brilliant generals in this era. 2/25. though these were not used throughout and not universally. Auxiliary units were now uniformly equipped and drilled.List: Late Judaean (Bk 2/51) Nabataean.Reg Art (S) @ 10AP. Sub-standard legions (usually eastern) are mentioned only when being rudely shaken-up by a vigorous new commander arriving in an expected war zone.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-1 of each type Only in eastern armies: Judaean client allies . These lacked horse armour. or British [probably Caledones] .Irr El (I) @ 14AP Only from 62 AD to 63 AD: Downgrade C-in-C (as Caesennius) to Inert general @ 75AP less Only in the Civil Wars of 69 AD or by Petillius Cerialis in 70AD: Gallic volunteers . C] Only from 86 AD: Upgrade bolt-shooters to iron-framed palintone engines on mule carts . PRd.Reg Bge (F) @ 3AP 0-2 per general Ditch and palisade for camp .” This is the period of the rectangular semi-cylindrical shield and lorica segmentata popularly thought of as legionary equipment. O. represented here by a single element including both but counting as elephants. Most equites carried shields and shorter spears and javelins.Reg Art (O) @ 8AP 0-1 per 8 Reg Bd Camp . 2/44.Reg Bw (O) @ 5AP or Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP [Ps can support Bd or Ax] 0-6 Numidian or Moorish cavalry .Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP [Ax] 0-4 Marines .197 AD Cool in Britain from 43 AD or in Gaul. M. 2/14.List: Arabo-Aramaean (Bk 2/22) Commagene client allies .List: Early Armenian and Gordyene (Bk 2/28) Only in eastern armies after 100 AD: Dromedarii camelmen .Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP 3-8 Replace equites alares with equites sagittarii . but not expected to be as efficient.Irr Cv (I) @ 5AP [V.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. Ag 3. Rv. else Warm.Irr Ps (I) @ 1AP [O] Legionaries recently converted from marines . 2/51. 2/37. F. but were armed with a long contus. 2/40. brilliance being politically unsafe. Classing the C-in-C’s bodyguard as Ax (S) represents a provincial governor’s lanciarii.Reg LH (I) @ 3AP 0-15 0-15 0-2 This covers the period from Augustus’ reorganisation until the defeat of Albinus by Septimius Severus. Rd. Claudius used elephants and camels in the invasion of Britain in 43 AD. 2/26.List: Commagene (Bk 2/44) Armenian allies .Irr Bd (O) @ 5AP [V.Reg Ax (I) @ 3AP [V. or 4-16 ½ . 2/57. As of 16/08/11 56. 2/23. A few alae of contarii/catafractarii were formed by Trajan and Hadrian. 2/64. 2/59. FW in Britain from 125 AD. 1/47. 2/55. 2/52. rest Liburnians .Reg Kn (F) @ l 1AP 1 0-20 1 0-1 0-1 0-3 0-4 0-4 0-4 0. 2/24.C] Mixed gladiators . V.Reg Art (F) @ 10AP Only after 100 AD: Equites contariorum/catafractarii .List: Early German (Bk 2/47) Only in Britain in 43 AD and if the C-in-C is Claudius: Downgrade C-in-C to Inert general @ 75AP less Claudian elephants and camels . 2/47.all 0-2 Only in other western armies: Spanish slingers .Reg Bge (I) @ 1AP. or wagons . They were usually combined into ala-sized units in battle. 2/60. Edessan or Emesan allies .Reg Bge (O) @ 3AP. Augustus set the tone by declaring “Better a safe commander than a bold. 2/54. 2/56.Irr Wb (F) @ 3AP. GH.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP 0-4 Artillery: Up to ¼ stone-throwers .Reg Gal (S) @ 6AP [Ax. EARLY IMPERIAL ROMAN 25 BC . Dromedarii were first raised by Trajan and used as border scouts.Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP 8-20 Auxiliary archers .C] Stone-throwing peasants .TF @ 1AP 1-2 per Bge (O) Naves: up to ¼ quinqueremes and larger . 2/28. the strength of this army lies in its legionaries. BUAf.O] Raw volunteer recruit infantry . Equites of mixed cohortes were identically equipped. RF.Reg LH (F) @ 5AP or Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP 0-1 Equites cohortales . or pack-mules . E = 1/7. 1/48.Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP or Reg Bd (O) @ 27AP or Reg Ax (S) @ 25AP 1 Sub-general . 2/53. Although its cavalry is quite good. and it is best to 50 . 2/58. children. 2/56.List: African Vandal (Bk 2/84) Only from 546 AD to 548 AD: Byzantine deserter allies . E = 2/56. as was normal Roman practice. Symmachiarii were irregular specialists organised in small units called numeri. 2/84. RF.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Only after 300 AD: Provide javelinmen with tethered camel barricade . 3/31.Irr LH (O) @ 9AP Bodyguard . 4/46.Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Regrade javelinmen to Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Archers or slingers . 3/70.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. RH.Irr LH (S) @ 6AP Axemen . 2/64. 3/73. but always re-emerging. leading to various short lived settlements of conquerors or foederati scattered over the later Roman west and in due course absorbed by neighbouring cultures.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Camp . BUA. or wagons . ALAN 50 AD . 4/31. they frequently sent contingents to help others that were. F.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP Only from 533 AD to 548 AD: Vandal fugitive allies . 2/80. 2/65. 3/16. Some did. As of 16/08/11 engage these first with a front line of auxilia. 3/31. since it was reported later among Alans settled in Brittany. 2/78. 3/14.List Thematic Byzantine (Bk 3/29) This list covers Moorish armies from the initial Roman attempt at annexation until the Arab conquest.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Javelinmen .Reg Bd (O) @ 7AP Archers to support legion . LATER MOORISH 25 AD . RH. 3/47.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP. 1 1-2 0-1 16-72 24-54 0-12 0-12 0-2 per general 0-24 2 1-2 0-1 0-8 0-12 58. 4/50. The camel trick is first recorded against the Romans between 363 and 367.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Women. Alans were still charging desperately against the Catalan company in the 14th century. E = 2/25. Only after 400 AD: add DH. worked well against the Vandals of Trasamundus (498 to 525). elderly and slaves . GH.696 AD Warm. F. 2/67. They differed from the other Sarmatians in being blonde instead of dark. Alan ally contingents can include nobles.Reg LH (F) @ 5AP Deserting Roman legio pseudocomitatensis .Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Cavalry .List: Early Byzantine (Bk 3/4) Only in 681 AD: Byzantine allies . ¾. Arrian’s 2nd century AD “Order of Battle Against the Alans” assumes that all Alans will charge. They are typified by Claudian as the “restless Alans”. Equites alares and cohortales can always dismount as Ax (S).PO @ 1AP Only from 373 AD to 374 AD: Deserting Roman equites sagittariorum . subjugated in turn by the Huns. G. Elsewhere. 4/77. lost it again with the Byzantine reconquest of 534. Ag 1. 2/66. and in that not all ever became armoured lancers. This list starts with their first appearance in this homeland. 1 1-3 0-24 20-50 0-16 0-10 0-2 per general 1-2 per Bge (O) 51 . and revolted again in from 535 to 539 and from 546 to 548. 4/24. BUA. Ag 1. 3/13.Irr Bd (I) @ 4AP Archers . Part of the country then stayed independent until absorbed by the Arab conquest. gained independence following the Vandal invasion of 429. 3/29.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. WH. occupying the northem part of the lands between the Black Sea and the Caspian at least until the end of our period. Bd (I) cannot provide rear support for Bd (O). 2/28. 4/35.TF @ 1AP Only in 1222 AD: Cuman allies .Irr Kn (F) @ 19AP or Irr LH (S) @ 16AP Sub-general .List: Cuman (Bk 3/80) The Alans were the most easterly and durable of the Sarmatian nations. 57. C-in-C . 3/25.Irr LH (O) @ 14AP or Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP Ally-general . Firmus’ revolt of 372 was joined by all the Equites Quarto Sagittarii and part of the Constantiniani. 4/55.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Set-up wagon laager for camp . although by then certainly mostly light horse. Attempts to convert them into a province from 25 AD on were resisted. 4/34. which implies that most did not have horse armour. Rv. GH. DH. 4/75. They revolted again from 372 to 374. and a major campaign was fought to compel them from 40 to 42. 2/26. both of whose shield patterns are illustrated in my “Armies and Enemies of Imperial Rome”.1500 AD Cold . Khazars and Mongols. Wd. but failed disastrously in 534 against Byzantines who responded by dismounting. 2/69. Arrian says of Roman cavalry “some carry conti and charge in the Alan and Sarmatian fashion”. RF. those marked [O] by Otho. but will be vulnerable to infantry missiles while doing so. non-compulsory foot and/or wagon laager. 3/17. C-in-C . those marked [C] by Petillius Cerialis. 4/47. Although not themselves especially aggressive as a nation. or horse or cattle herd . Troops marked [V] can only be used by Vitellius. 3/79. Rv. 2/78. 4/60. 2/37.as above Nobles . 3/53.Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP Cavalry . Moorish infantry were now less likely to skirmish. Irr Hd (S) @ 2AP Upgrade masses with adequate equipment to Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Idumeans . BUA. with looted armour. E = 2/22.000 Idumeans mainly interested in loot. or pack-donkeys . because of their preoccupation with theft. if Zealot. Minima marked * apply only if one of the generals is Josephus. Irr Wb (F) @ 13AP Jewish ally-general . assisted and hindered by 2 feuding factions of Zealots providing 8. The various Jewish leaders were mostly at daggers drawn. GH.70 AD and 132 AD . These had a similar effect on the Caledones to that of William the Conqueror’s “Harrying of the North” on Northumbria in the 11th century AD. SH. mentions only chariots and warband. Its commander was described as “one of their many leaders”. but reluctant to close with Romans.Irr Cv (O) @ 6AP Warriors . rather than its innate qualities. The option to regrade masses to Ax (O) reflects a decrease in fanaticism in the face of disaster and shrinkage through desertion. It was these errors. ravaging their heartland for 4 years. The Caledones differed from the British tribes south of the Forth-Clyde line in apparently not using cavalry or slingers. G. Even classing them as allies may be too kind. This army was historically good at holding fortifications but vulnerable to Romans in the open. if Zealot. Rv. F. Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Josephus’ regulars . The early part of the rising saw great masses of rebels ridden down by Roman cavalry flank charges. 60. 2/55. banditry. 15AP if ally-general Josephus’ cavalry .in 2-horse chariot. RH. DH. with the remainder now fighting effectively from a distance with javelins. typical of wargaming beginners that doomed the army. C-in-C .000 men. The main leader of the first rising was Simon bar Giora who controlled 10.Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Camp . Minima marked ** apply only if any Zealots are used. E = 2/53.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.Irr Ax (S) @ 9AP or. Shimon Bar Kochba was the recognised single leader of the later revoit and surviving letters to his subordinates are clearly couched as orders. DH. while the warband.Irr Wb (F) @ 3AP Cattle-herds . Judeans did not accept that Galileans were proper Jews and both hated Samaritans. BUAf.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP or Irr Bw (O) @ 4AP Zealot slingers .Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP or. Ag 0. with sword and either short rectangular or normal sized oval shields. 2/44. GH.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP or Reg Bw (I) @ 4AP Captured bolt-shooters . 2/54. Palestine was a very divided society. Sicari were bands of fanatic terrorist dagger men. 2/64. The 3 major religious sects disagreed on most issues and also had internal dissension. Josephus implies that there may have been proper weapons for only half his supporting irregulars. Rd. Irr Cv (O) @ 16AP or on foot as Irr Wb (F) @ 13AP Ally-general . F. The chariots were left unsupported to perish alone. JEWISH REVOLT 66 AD .Reg Ax (I) @ 3AP Josephus’ regular archers . C-in-C .Irr Wb (F) @ 3AP Zealot archers . CALEDONIAN 75 AD . Wd.Irr Cv (I) @ 5AP Josephus’ bodyguard of picked men . RF. 2/56. Rv. O. 52 .Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. Tacitus’ account of Agricola’s battle of Mons Graupius in 84 AD (the only open battle of which we have a description).Reg Art (O) @ 8AP Only from 132 AD to 135 AD: Upgrade ally-generals to sub-generals . As of 16/08/11 59. the latter inferior in close combat against Roman auxiliaries due to their overlong pointless swords. fraud and rejoicing in friends’ misfortunes. Rd. and small shields.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Other archers – Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Other slingers – Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Masses . Irr Wb (F) @ 8AP Sicari .Irr Ax (S) @ 14AP 1 1-3 0-4 **11-39 **6-16 0-8 6-15 0-20 24-80 0-¾ 0-24 0-2 per general *1 *1-2 *1-2 *10-24 *6-12 0-1 Any This list depends heavily on Josephus’ account of the earlier rebellion.in 2-horse chariot. Ag 1. It might be very effective in hilly terrain. He wrote that it was impossible to bring the regulars up to Roman standards in the time available.Irr Ax (S) @ 14AP or. Troops so marked cannot be used unless in his own command. V. 2/56. BF. 2/59. which prevented them from fighting in close formation. Irr Cv (O) @ l 1AP or on foot as Irr Wb (F) @ 8AP 2-horse chariots .Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Only from 66 AD to 70 AD: Upgrade general if Josephus to Reg Ax (S) @ 25 AP if C-in-C. and often fought each other’s men simultaneously with the Romans. M. sat ineffectually on high ground throwing showers of javelins until attacked. Roman monuments from the area show warriors naked to the waist or all over. Zealots were fierce but ill-disciplined sectarians who looked down on the rest of the army and disobeyed orders.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Only in 84 AD: Downgrade C-in-C (as Calgacus) to Inert general @ 75AP less 1 1-3 9-15 38-130 0-2 per general 1 This list covers the armies of the Caledones from their first serious conflicts with the Romans until their defeat in the campaigns of Septimius Severus.Irr Wb (F) @ 3AP Zealot warriors . S.400 more and 5. looting. Although the Zealots as an organised sect had been extirpated at Masada. instead of charging. zealotry with a small “z” remained a perennial feature of Jewish rebellions.211 AD Cool.135 AD Warm. but over a much greater area and duration. but some riders had unarmoured lower legs and lower arms and carried bows as a secondary weapon in addition to their lance. These were led by Chinese officers. Their steppe descendents include the Khitan before their amalgamation into the Khitan-Liao centralised monarchy from 907 and the Hsi before their absorption by the Khitan-Liao around 1000. while others were more completely armoured and are classed as Kn (X). DH. Hsi and other successor tribes after 350 AD: Upgrade generals and nobles to Irr Cv (S) @ 19AP if general. on one occasion in the 4th century.Reg Bw (I) @ 4AP Skirmishers . All/0 *6-18 *6-18 0-6 0-8 Any 53 . GH. 9AP if not Only Mu-jung Hsien-pi in 369 AD: Former Ch’in allies . BF. PRE-DYNASTIC KHITAN OR HSI 90 AD . 2/63. who defeated the Hsiung-nu and briefly dominated the Mongolian steppe.1000 AD Cool. They set up kingdoms in China in the 4th century AD. The women mounted on oxen (and possibly horses) advanced carrying poles to simulate standards and throwing dust from bags into the air to hide the reality and spread panic and confusion. WU-HUAN.Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP Sub-general .armoured riders had a separate tactical role or filled in the back ranks of the more fully protected and whether the latter are sufficiently armoured to be classed as cataphracts is uncertain. Hsien-pi from 300 AD: Rv. 2 if Khitan or Hsi. Rd. GH.List: Ch’iang and Ti (Bk 2/21) The Tung-hu split up into the Hsien-pi and Wu-huan. so all these interpretations are allowed. 2/41. 7AP if rear rank element Spearmen or halberdiers . 3/39. These are all depicted on armoured horses. or horse or cattle herds . O. they were disunited. Hsien-pi before 300 AD and others at all dates: Rv.Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP Crossbowmen .Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Horse archers . Tuan and T’o-pa. BUA E = 2/21. C-in-C . However. Minima marked * apply if any regular infantry are used. Whether the lighter. living in Manchuria. HSIEN-PI.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. in feuding clans such as the Mu-jung. the last of which fell in 431. Yu-wen.Irr LH (F) @ 4AP Foot archers . F. 3 if Hsien-pi.Irr Hd (O) @ 1AP Only Khitan. 3/20.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP Women mounted on oxen .. 3/55. 3/11. We assume that the cataphract cavalry adopted in the 4th century were similar to those of the Northern Wei dynasty founded in 386 AD by the T’o-pa in China. The Wu-huan were closer to the Chinese border and were loyal allies until their disappearance around 316 AD. or Irr Kn (X) @ 21AP if general. The Former Yen state of the Mu-jung (337 AD to 370 AD) was the first “barbarian” state to raise Chinese-style infantry. DH.Irr Kn (F) @ 19AP if general.000 elite cataphract archers in a square formation in an unsuccessful attempt to resist shock cavalry. 2/38. which is best simulated as double-based Kn (I).Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP 1 1-2 3-16 30-80 0-12 0-2 per general Only Hsien-pi from 300 AD to 431 AD: Upgrade Cv generals and nobles . 3/42. Ag l if Wu-huan. so are classed as Kn (F). 9AP if not. 8AP if other front rank element. 2/61. 11AP if not All Only Mu-jung Hsien-pi from 300 AD to 431 AD: Regrade Kn generals and nobles as double-based Irr Kn (I) @ 18AP if general.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. however. The Hsien-pi were united in the mid-2nd century AD by Tan-shihuai. the Mu-jung clan of the Hsien-pi is reported to have chained together 5.as above or Irr LH (S) @ 16AP or Irr LH (F) @ 14AP Nobles . As of 16/08/11 61. BF.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Camp . Generally. 2/79. as a False Reinforcement stratagem. 2/76. Irr LH (O) @ 4AP 0-2 1 per Gal 0-4 0-1 per Shp (I) 0-1 1 1-2 6-8 Any 0-4 30-76 4-30 8-12 0-3 0-2 per general 0 or 1-2 per Bge (O) 0-4 2-8 0-1 0-1 6-20 This list covers Ethiopian and Horn of Africa armies from the foundation of the Axumite empire until the conquest of Gran the Left-Handed. a short sword and large round hide shield. BUA. remainder Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP Byzantine caraboi . Only l elephant element can be used.Irr Bd (X) @ 6AP Spearmen . As of 16/08/11 62.Irr LH (O) @ 14AP Swordsmen and axemen .Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP or Irr Ps (I) @ l AP Camel scouts . 2/23. G.Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP [marines] Byzantine marines .List: Later Pre-Islamic Arab (Bk 2/23) Only after 970 AD: Cavalry . O. The Byzantine caraboi used in 522 transported both Abyssinians and Nobades.Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Only Axumites in Arabia from 523 AD to 575 AD: Mount C-in-C on camel as Irr LH (I) @ 13AP Kinda nomad Arab allies . DH.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. V. The proportion of cavalry increased with time. Ag 3. Bw. 3/37. 54 . but some instead used the enormous sickle-shaped shotel. or cattle herd . C-in-C . F. Artillery and hand firearms were not introduced until the 1530s.List: Meroitic Kushite (Bk 1/58) Only Axumites in Arabia in 522 AD: Byzantine dromons . The Dembus is described as an iron mace.List: Nobades and Blemmye or Beja (Bk 2) Meroitic Kushite allies .Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP or Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Javelin skirmishers . Spears were short and accompanied by javelins. staff or club. 3/65. Wb. S. ABYSSINIAN AND HORN OF AFRICA 100 AD . GH. 3/12.Irr LH (O) @ 14AP Sub-generals . Rd.Irr Shp (I) @ 2AP [Any] Byzantine-financed Nobades and Blemmye mercenaries . riding scrubby ponies. intended to hook over an opponent’s shield.Irr El (I) @ 14AP Only Axumites in Arabia from 180 AD to 575 AD: Yemeni Arab allies .DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.TF @ 1AP Only before 703 AD: Dhows .Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Only Axumites from 100 AD to 970 AD: Mount C-in-C on elephant .Irr Bd (F) @ 5AP Upgrade swordsmen to Reg Bd (F) @ 7AP Dembus wielders . Camels were chiefly employed for scouting. Abyssinian swordsmen usually used a long straight cutting sword and sometimes discarded their shields to wield them two-handed.up to ½ Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP. E = 1/58. RH. RF. but this does not affect classification. 2/55. Rv.Irr LH (I) @ 3AP Camp .Irr El (I) @ 24AP Elephant . 3/31.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Thorn boma or drystone wall to protect baggage camp .List: Later Pre-Islamic Arab (Bk 2/23) Only Axumites in Africa from 330 AD to 375 AD: Desert Blemmye or Beja allies . Some nobles substituted mail for a shield.Irr Wb (F) @ 3AP Archers . Ps] Only before 971 AD: Cavalry . Little armour was worn except for helmets. Most were Shara and Galla tribesmen typically armed with a short spear and two javelins but often no shield. Shields were prized by those who did have them and those of men who had distinguished themselves in battle were embellished with silver or a lion’s mane.Irr Shp (O) @ 3AP [Bd.1529 AD Dry. Wu.316 AD Wu: Tropical. Some dare-to-die volunteers were given “double armour” and are classed as Bd (O). Only Wu: WW.Irr WWg (O) @ 10AP 0-5 Any *4-8 *2-4 0-1 0. Ag 1. WW. some had bows. Shu Han: Warm. or 1-2 per Bge (O) Wagon-barricade. Close-fighting infantry were mostly spearmen. Irr Bts (S) @ 3AP [Sp. others stripped their armour off to charge faster! The Pk are north-western rebel troops using the formidable “long spear”. Spear-throwers are based on tomb-figurines. as armoured 0-6 Dare-to-die volunteers . DH. and conquered Wu in 280.Irr Bd (F) @ 5AP or Irr Bd (O) @ 5AP 0-6 Rope-pull stone-throwers .Reg Art (I) @ 4AP 0-2 Bolt-shooters .Reg Gal (O) @ 5AP [Sp.TF @ 1AP 0.Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP 10-26 Crossbowmen and archers .Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP 4-12 Upgrade cavalry with horse-armour and/or with bow as well as lance. BUAf. Bd. Minima marked * apply only if any troops so marked are used. C-in-C .Irr Shp (I) @ 2AP [Cv. Only Shu Han: WH. or Shu Han 0-6 . F. Horse-armour is occasionally mentioned. Some look non-Chinese.Irr Shp (S) @ 4AP or “stomach strikers” . Most cavalry carried lances. E. or 12-24 Light boats.Reg Cv (O) @ 18AP or Reg Cv (S) @ 20AP 0-2 Cavalry .DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. This “Western Ts’in” dynasty broke up in civil wars and aAer 304 barbarian peoples set up their own kingdoms in N. king of Wu in the south-east. 2/65.Reg Bw (O) @ 5AP 6-18 Downgrade spearmen/halberdiers to Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP and/or crossbowmen/archers to Reg Bw (I) @ 4AP. though sometimes in close cooperation. Reg Pk (I) @ 3AP Only Wu or Shu Han: Southern tribal fighters . and of the rival princes in the Ts’in civil wars. Field fortifications were very important. E = 1/49. 2/61. LH] 0-4 Only north-western rebels in 211 AD: Convert spearmen to “long spears”.or man-drawn wagons . This “Three Kingdom” period saw Wei conquer Shu Han in 263. 2/77. China was dominated by rival warlords. abattis or stockades used as field defences . THREE KINGDOMS AND WESTERN TS’IN CHINESE 189 AD . they seem to be primarily thrusting weapons used with shields.Reg Bge (I) @ 2AP 0-2 per general Wagon-barricade.Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP or Reg Cv (S) @ 30AP 1 Sub-general . Sun Ch’uan. As of 16/08/11 63.Irr Wb (F) @ 3AP Southern tribal archers and crossbowmen . who deposed the last puppet Han emperor and proclaimed the kingdom of Wei in the north in 220 AD. but cannot be Mu-jung Hsien-pi. 2/38.Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP 4-12 Upgrade spear-throwers to Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP. Rd. However.Irr LH (F) @ 4AP Hsiung-nu allies . but cataphract tactics were not copied from the nomads until after the loss of the north. and Liu Pei. some armoured. or boats protected by oxhides. 2/63. 55 .Reg LH (O) @ 5AP 0-3 Horse archers . king of Shu Han in the south-west. so are classed as Sp. The survivors were Ts’ao Ts’ao. 2/76. E.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP [Can support Sp] 4-10 Spear-throwers . Rv.Reg LH (F) @ 5AP . Wu-huan. Infantry spears and crossbows were used in separate bodies. abattis or stockades to protect camp . 2/46. Bw] 0-6 Towered war junks .] Only if Wei from 184AD to 220 AD: Upgrade C-in-C (as Ts’ao Ts’ao) to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra Only if Western Ts’in in 279 AD: Replace crossbowmen with improvised carriages containing archers and crossbowmen .Others 4-12 Spearmen or halberdiers . SF.Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP or Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Any but Wu: Ch’iang or Ti allies . Ts’ao Ts’ao defeated them by using wagon-barricades to avoid a frontal fight.Reg Bge (O) @ 3AP. RH. M.List: Ch’iang or Ti (Bk 2/21) Any but Wu or Shu Han: Tribal horse archers . or 6-12 After the Han dynasty lost real power. to Reg Cv (S) @ 10AP 0-3 Light cavalry with lance or halberd . Chinese generals classed as allies represent the shifting alliances of the rival warlords at the end of the Han. Pre-dynastic Khitan or Hsi (Bk 2/61) [May be before or after 300 AD. as was river warfare. M.Reg Art (O) @ 8AP 0-2 Camp . O. China. Others: Cool. as raw ½ -all Archers . but halberds are mentioned in the sources and shown in paintings. GH. of infantry apparently throwing short spears. 2/21. leaving Ts’in survivors to set up a new “Eastern Ts’in” regime in the south. and may be foreign auxiliaries. or wheel-barrows or ox. Bw] 0-2 Horse-transports . Irr Bts (O) @ 2AP. but whether with lances or instead is unclear.List: Hsien-pi.as above 0-2 Chinese ally-general .List: Hsiung-nu or Juan-juan (Bk 2/38) [Before 300 AD only] Hsien-pi or Wu-huan allies .TF @ 2AP 0. Ssu-ma Yen seized power and proclaimed the Ts’in (Chin) dynasty in 266. Scutarii and Legionary Promoti.Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP All Visigoths and/or Germans/Franks . the legionaries are 8 ranks deep with the first 4 ranks using pila and 4 more throwing lancea overhead. FW if in Britain. PRd.Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP 1-2 Equites alares . C-in-C . Catafractarii were still lancers in mail corslet on unarmoured horses.List: Early Armenian and Gordyene (Bk 2/28) All 0-½ 0-½ 0 or 4-12 0-48 This list covers armies from Septimius Severus until the fall of Licinius. 2/47.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP 0-3 Praetorians . 2/66. 2/22. F. remainder Liburnians .Reg Bge (O) @ 3AP.Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP [Ax.Reg LH (O) @ 5AP Only from 285 AD: Regrade legionaries as detached lanciarii . (eastern army) 1/58. 2/54. E = (western army) 2/26.Reg Kn (X) @ 13AP 1 0-2 0-4 0-4 1-3 Only from 242 AD: Replace armoured auxiliary infantry with unarmoured . MIDDLE IMPERIAL ROMAN 193 AD .Irr LH (F) @ 4AP Rustics with slings . 2/52. DH. Under Diocletian. 2/71. other than Aurelian’s in 272 AD: Dromedarii . S. These were destroyed at Turin.Reg Art (O) @ 8AP or Reg Art (F) @ 10AP 0-1 per 8 Reg Bd (O) Exploratores (scouts) . 2/74. 2/73. 2/78. It runs concurrently with the Late Imperial Roman list until 324 as Constantine’s rivals continued to use the old system.Reg LH (I) @ 3AP Equites sagittarii indigenae (border horse archers) . The most senior Auxilia Palatina unit is depicted with the prefix “IO” for Iovani. so must have been raised by Diocletian. or pack-mules . remainder .DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. elseWarm. so it is possible that Aurelian’s clubmen were legionaries stationed in Palestine.List: Later Pre-Islamic Arab (Bk 2/23) Only eastern armies after 227 AD or western after 307 AD: Replace equites alares by equites clibanarii . or for Caracalla’s show “Macedonian phalanx” ever fighting. remainder unarmoured Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP 8-24 Auxiliary archers . Ps] 0-4 Marines .Reg LH (O) @ 5AP Equites Illyriciani .Reg Bd (S) @ 9AP [only if the C-in-C is an emperor acknowledged in Rome] 0-4 Legionaries . lanciarii still belonged to their parent legion but were often deployed as a separate vexilation. 2/56. 2/37.TF @ 1AP 1-2 per Bge (O) Naves: up to ¼ Triremes . The lorica segmentata and auxiliary mail are last depicted on the Arch of Severus and many auxiliary infantry it shows in battle are unarmoured. GH. 1 if not. 2/72. Zosimos says Palestinian clubmen were used by Aurelian to counter Palmyrene clibanarii.Reg Bge (F) @ 3AP 0-2 per general Ditch and rampart protecting camp . Clibanarii were fully armoured lancers on armoured horses. V. or 8-12 Sarmatians . Wd or O.up to ¾ armoured Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP. 2/57.up to ¼ Irr Wb (S) @ 5AP or Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP.Galienus in western armies from 253 AD to 268 AD . probably first raised by Severus Alexander after 227 AD from Parthian refugees.324 AD Cool if Britain or Gaul.¼ Reg Gal (O) @ 5AP. RH. As of 16/08/11 64. Ag 2 if eastern army.Aurelian from 270 AD to 275 AD .Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP 1 Upgrade C-in-C to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra if: . Both Constantine I and Constantius II are later described as defeating clibanarii at Turin with legionaries wielding heavy clubs.Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP 4-12 Replace equites alares with equites sagittarii .Septimius Severus from 193 AD to 211 AD . or Reg LH (I) @ 3AP 0-1 Camp . There is no credible evidence for the replacement of pila by thrusting spears.Reg Bd (X) @ 8AP 0-4 Auxiliary infantry . 2/68.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Arab nomad allies . 2/28.Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP 0-1 per Gal Only if eastern army from 217 AD to 218 AD and C-in-C is Macrinus: Downgrade C-in-C to Inert general @ 75AP less Only eastern armies. 2/64. 2/65. RF. Rv. Severus had upgraded the former mixed cohortes equitae to alae. M.Carinus in western armies from 282 AD to 285 AD 0-1 Sub-general .Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP 0-4 Only after 253 AD: Replace Moors with equites lllyriciani . BUAf. Rd. so are not the cavalry depicted routed at the Milvian bridge. 2/69. such as Moors.Reg Bd (O) @ 7AP 8-32 Clubmen . Bd. Equites lllyriciani appear when Gallienus expanded the cavalry and included not only Illyrians but similar light horse.Reg LH (F) @ 5AP 0-¼ Equites catafractarii . but sometimes now depicted with a shield. 2/66.Reg Kn (F) @ l 1AP 0-2 Moors .Reg Bw (O) @ 5AP or Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP [Ps can support Bd or Ax) 0-10 Artillery . 2/55. In Arrian’s 2nd century “Order of Battle against the Alans”. 56 . remainder Irr Wb (O) @ 3AP 0. 2/70. 2/64.Reg Ps (I) @ 1AP. 2/60.up to ¼ Reg Art (S) @ 10AP.Reg Bd (F) @ 6AP Auxilia Palatina . 2/78. A lanciarius is depicted on a tombstone unarmoured with a small round or oval shield and carrying 5 large javelins. Maxentius had clibanarii who had probably deserted from Galerius’ army in 307.Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP Only eastern armies before 386 AD: Armenian allies . 2/26.Irr Kn (F) @ 19AP or Irr Wb (S) @ 15AP Sub-general . E = 2/78. Crete and Cyprus in 267 AD. E = 2/47.List: Burgundi or Limigantes (Bk 2/70) Only from 406 AD to 420 AD: Alan allies . C-in-C .Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Wagon circle protecting camp . who plundered Rome in 410 AD. Herul.List: Early Frankish. 57 . Rv. Rd. F. tarnished and greasy are the linen garments on their lean backs.Irr LH (S) @ 6AP Exiled Ostrogoths . Rv. Irr Ps (I) @ 1AP. 2/58.419 AD Cold Ag 3. EARLY VISIGOTHIC 200 AD . continued on with their Alan and Suevi allies across the Pyrenees into Spain in 409 AD. they crossed the Rhine into Gaul in 406 AD. 1 1-2 0-10 56-150 0-24 0-2 per general 0-2 per Bge (O) 0-6 0-12 2-5 6-8 66.Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Camp . Rugian or Turcilingi (Bk 2/72) Only after 420 AD: Remnant Alans .Irr Kn (F) @ 19AP Sub-general .Irr Kn (F) @ 19AP Noble cavalry . but quickly became independent. they made repeated invasions of Italy under Alaric. Wd. Wd.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Wagon circle protecting camp .Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP Warriors .Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP Only from 416 AD: Roman allies .List: Early Ostrogothic. 2/83. rest archers.Irr Wb (O) @ 3AP Skirmishers .442 AD Cool Ag 3. 2/81. BUA.List: Early Ostrogothic. Rd. WW. Suevi.” They joined the Ostrogoths and Heruls in raiding by boat. As of 16/08/11 65. 2/71. 2/71. Visigothic ally contingents can include noble cavalry and wagon laager.Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP Warriors . or loaded wagons or flocks and herds .TF @ 1AP Only in 291 AD: Gepid allies .List: Late Imperial Roman (Bk 2/78) This list covers the Visigoths or Tervingi (“men of the forest”) from their arrival on the Dniester until the organisation of their Tolosan kingdom in Spain. Alamanni. 2/58. 2/64. or loaded wagons or flocks and herds .as above Noble cavalry . C-in-C . During this time. Sciri or Taifali (Bk 2/67) Only from 253 AD to 375 AD: Taifali allies . Roman allies cannot include mounted troops other than the general. After heading the coalition that won Adrianople in 378 AD.List: Gepid (Bk 2/71) Only from 406 AD to 409 AD: Burgundian allies .Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. notably in invasions of Greece.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP.Irr Bts (O) @ 2AP [Wb] Ostrogothic allies . M. Herul.TF @ 1AP Only from 253 AD to 269 AD: Monoxyla . 2/66. BUA.List: Alan (Bk 2/58) Only from 406 AD to 427 AD: Suevi allies . 2/82.Irr LH (S) @ 6AP Only after 427 AD: Moorish allies . taking Carthage by treachery in 439 AD. GH.Up to ½ javelinmen. 2/78. Their coats of skin are drawn up high and cannot reach the calf. F. BF. WW. 2/80. BF. most were still infantry and many horses and weapons were confiscated when they fled the Huns into East Roman territory in 376.List: Dacian and Carpi (Bk 2/52) Only in 378 AD: Replace some noble cavalry with dissident Huns and Alans . their knees are bare and their boots of horsehide are held up by a common knot. Sciri or Taifali (Bk 2/67) Carpi allies . 2/65.List: Later Moorish (Bk 2/57) Only from 429 AD: Upgrade C-in-C (as Gaiseric) to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra 0-1 0-6 1 1-2 0-5 54-150 0-15 0-2 per general 1-2 per Bge (O) This list covers the Vandals from their first appearance until Gaiseric’s consolidation of their African conquests and construction of a fleet. They are described by a contemporary: “Unkempt. They were settled in Gaul as foederati in 418. 2/64. Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Camp .DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. Unlike the Ostrogoths. 2/65. 2/72. 2/78.Irr Wb (O) @ 3AP Skirmishers . M. 2/72. GH. 2/67. EARLY VANDAL 200 AD . were driven out by the Visigoths and finally crossed to Africa in 428 AD. The Ostrogoths were vassals of the Huns between 441 and 454. Herul raiding boats in 455 had crews of 55 men. EARLY OSTROGOTHIC. Like the Visigoths. or loaded wagons or flocks and herds .Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP or Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP Camp .List: Dacian and Carpi (Bk 2/52) Hunnic allies .up to ¼ Irr Kn (F). and were forced to supply them with allied contingents. Burgundians and Alans. The Sciri are identified by leading authorities from Gibbon onwards as variously Huns. This victory is ascribed by many modern authors to the Gothic use of both heavy lance and stirrups. but apparently mainly cavalry.TF @ 2AP Only Sciri from 379 AD to 380 AD: Carpodacae allies . neither of which they in fact had! Spears and javelins were their main weapons.Irr LH (S) @ 6AP 0-1 0-4 2-6 0-4 12-30 0-8 1 1-2 16-48 16-60 0-2 per general 1-2 per Bge (O) All 0-6 2-8 0-24 This list covers the Ostrogoths or Greuthungi (“men of the steppes”) from arrival in the Ukraine until the organisation of their Italian kingdom. Allied contingents of any of the nations covered by this list need not include infantry. while the stirrup was not introduced to the west by the Avars until 200 years later. but also included Rugi. remainder Irr LH (S) @ 6AP Allied German nobles . remainder Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Allied German warriors .List: Gepid (Bk 2/71) Only Ostrogoths after 488 AD: Hun remnants . together with one probably of Sciri. Ag 3. Rugian or Turcilingi (Bk 2/72) Gepid allies . As they represent separate tribes. S. Suevi.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. Kn dismounting to attack fortifications or war wagons or defend fortifications do so as Wb (S). and Heruls are found in the Early Byzantine army. BUA. BF. their traditional garment was an animal skin coat. 2/71. served under the Comes Britanniae. 2/65.Irr Kn (F) @ 19AP Sub-general . Their cavalry were said by the eyewitness Procopius not to have worn metal armour or helmets.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Wagon circle protecting camp .Irr Bts (O) @ 2AP [Wb. F.406 was mostly of Ostrogoths. Radagaesus’ army of 40l . They are most noted for Ammianus’s remark. Ps.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. Wb (O) cannot provide rear support to Wb (S) and vice versa. WW.List: Hunnic (Bk 2/80) Only Heruls from 455 AD to 475 AD: War boats . Goths and Alans! They were neighbours of the Ostrogoths and Heruls and are assumed by us to be similar. Alamanni. The Heruls came from the marshy lands around Lake Maeotis and were renowned for their swift-footed light infantry. Heruls and Sciri provided a high proportion of the foederati in the Patrician Roman army.TF @ 1AP Only Heruls: Replace archers with javelinmen .as above Cavalry .Irr Bts (S) @ 3AP [Wb. Vandals. 2/78.List: Early Frankish. They charged furiously hurling javelins. when they charged into the rear of a Roman army already engaged to its front.Up to ½ Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP. 58 . on one occasion at a different enemy unit to that they were ordered to attack.½ Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP. C-in-C .493 AD Cold . Bw] Only Ostrogoths in 376 AD: Hun mercenaries . 2/72.Up to ¼ Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP. Heruls only: M. Quadi. Suevi. The most famous achievement of the Gothic cavalry was the victory of Adrianople in 378 AD.Irr Wb (O) @ 3AP Allied German skirmishers . Ps] Only Radagaesus from 401 AD to 406 AD: Allied Alans . A Roman cavalry unit recruited from them.Irr LH (S) @ 6AP Ditch and bank defensive lines . GH. E = 2/25. HERUL. “The habits of the Taifali are gross and indecent”. up to ¾ Irr Ps (I) @ 1AP. but can include wagon laager. Rv.Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP Archers . 2/58. As of 16/08/11 67. The slaves that accompanied them were not allowed shields until they had proved themselves brave. remainder Irr Ps (I) @ 1AP Only Ostrogoths or Heruls from 253 AD to 276 AD: Monoxyla . SCIRI OR TAIFALI 200 AD . M. 2/83. They can always do so to crew Bts. 2/80. Bittuguric Hun remnants joined the Ostrogoths in 488 and migrated to Italy with them. He also comments that “for a Herul not to give himself over to treachery and drunkenness is so unusual as to merit abundant praise”. 2/26. but to be protected only by shields and thick jackets. The Taifali were associates of the Visigoths. remainder Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Only Sciri in 469 AD: Rugi allies . in 2-horse chariot Irr Cv (O) @ 16AP. is disputed.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Spearmen . Picts. or cattle herd .Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Only 364 AD to 368 AD: Scots-Irish allies . SF. 2/81. often by sea. some at least of whom are shielded. or on foot.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. From then on. BUAf (only if S present). Their name for themselves was Cruithni. Rv.on horse Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP. Frisian. Thuringian or Early Anglo-Saxon (Bk 2/73) Attecotti warriors .Irr LH (O) @ 14AP or Irr Pk (F) @ 13AP Upgrade Pictish LH to Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP if general. When they stopped using chariots is uncertain. The traditional Picts of folklore were skirmishing archers hidden in the heather.842 AD Cool. but there are quite late Roman references to chariots in northern Britain. Cavalry . [Pk (F). Wd. one of the tribes of the Firbolg of Irish legend. 2/78. who are said to have painted themselves and to have used a deadly barbed throwing spear of unusual weight. Under half of these also have small round or square shields and one on the Aberlemno stone is shown thrusting two-handed with his shield slung at his back. or sheep flocks . We postulate that lowland Caledones remnants assimilated in time to the Pictish system. and who emigrated from Northern Ireland to Caithness.Jerome wrote in 393 he had seen in his youth (probably in Gaul 365-370) indulging in canibalis “prefering the haunch of the shepherd to his sheep”. one on the St Vigeans stone crouched with a hooded cloak pulled up for concealment. F. 59 .List: Old Saxon. They were a coastal people. A much smaller number of foot. PICTISH 211 AD . Attecotti were especially savage and dreaded raiders and mercenaries. BUAf represent coastal brochs. RH.Irr Pk (F) @ 3AP Javelinmen . They are not heard of after 406. have shorter throwing spears or fight with small axes.Irr Wb (S) @ 5AP Only before 500 AD: C-in-C . 2/64. 7AP if not 4-20 32-84 0-15 16-36 0-4 0-8 0-2 per general 0-8 1 1-2 0-8 0-12 1 1-2 0-2 This list covers Pictish armies from the campaigns of Septimius Severus until the union of the Picts and Scots under Kenneth MacAlpin.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Crossbowmen .Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Curraghs .DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. the Picts expanded into the power vacuum left and raided Roman Britain.423). Bavarian. Sufficient Attecotti were captured by the Romans for 4 auxilia palatina to be recruited from them in the reign of Honorius (392 . GH. Ps or Wb (S)] Camp .as above 2-horse chariots . Rd.Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Archers or crossbowmen . Irr Pk (F) @ 13AP Sub-general . Man and the Hebrides. the fought mainly defensively against Scots and then Northumbrians. S. then 1. The next most common are foot armed with a broad headed thrusting spear. and carved stones show several archers or crossbowmen. or on foot Irr Pk (F) @ 13AP Sub-general . 2/73. However. or war boats Irr Bts (O) @ 2AP. DH. Insufficient is known to justify a separate list for Attecotti. Pictish raids on Roman Britain often outflanked Hadrian’s Wall by sea and the power of the Pictish fleet is mentioned with awe in the Irish annals of Tigernach. Whether their vessels were leather-covered curraghs like those of the Scots-Irish. but that the inhabitants of the highlands remained javelinmen up to Viking colonisation.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP. and a Late Roman poem makes it plain that this refers to tattoos. This is last mentioned (by Gildas) as the reason for Vortigern importing Saxon mercenaries. Irr LH (O) @ 14AP.List: Scots-Irish (Bk 2/54) Saxon allies .Irr Bts (I) @ 1AP. Ag 2 before 440. Tu-ata-cotye is “the tribe of Cat” in an Ulster dialect. We take “Pict” to comprise all those peoples of Ancient Scotland originating north of the Caledones. Scots Irish and Attecotti combined to raid Britain in the “Barbarian Conspiracy” of 365 to 368. the warriors most often depicted are light horsemen with javelins and small round shields. Pict means “painted”. or plank built.Irr Wb (F) @ 3AP Only after 500 AD: C-in-C .Irr Cv (O) @ 6AP Caledonian warriors . (which have a far higher density of brochs than the mainland) to northern and north-westem parts of what is now Scotland. including the broch builders named by archaeologists for some inscrutable reason “proto-Picts”. After Septimius Severus broke and largely destroyed the Caledones. probably spreading out (as Nennius reports the Irish of his day saying) from the Orkneys. 2/68. M. 3/24. 3/40. Saxons. E = 2/54. As of 16/08/11 68. who St. or on horse. Only after 490 AD: FW. GH. Rd. or Sub-general .651 AD Dry. accompanied by the massive Kaviani banner. 2/69.Irr El (O) @ 16AP Only from 629 AD: Elephants with large escorts . 2/80. Ag 3. 2/37. whose transformation of the army into a standing centrally-paid force after the nobility was weakened by the Mazdakite revolts was collapsing even before his death. 2/83. 2/23.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Ditch and sand-bags or palisade to protect camp . 2/46.List: Later Pre-Islamic Arab (Bk 2/23) Only before 605 AD: Armenian subject allies . 3/16. silver and gems.579).Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Horse herds . G. He must have been a big man. How far central organization and pay improved army control. so upgrading of these features is independent and optional. M. 2/74.Reg Bw (I) @ 4AP Only from 359 AD to 553 AD: Sabir. BUAf.Irr Cv (S) @ 19AP Asavaran . the King was not allowed to fight in battle and if present occupied an elevated golden throne. including most of the contemporary Eastern Roman empire. The earliest depictions of Sassanid nobles show mail-shirted kings and princes armed with both heavy lance and bow charging at the gallop on horses completely armoured in leather or felt.Irr Hd (O) @ 1AP Camp . pay being first supplemented and then replaced by feudal fiefs.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.List: Central Asian Turkish (Bk 3/11) Only Khusrau II from 591 AD to 627 AD: Dailami royal bodyguard .List: Early Armenian and Gordyene (Bk 2/28) Only from 614 AD to 615 AD: Jewish fanatics . mercenary or vassal horse archers . 3/11. or baggage camels .Irr Kn (X) @ 11AP Only from 262 AD to 356 AD and 359 AD to 370 AD: Kushan vassal allies . They were organised on a feudal basis except under Khusrau I (531 . O.Reg Art (O) @ 8AP Garrison .Irr LH (F) @ 4AP Archers or slingers . 2/78. E = 2/22.TF @ 1AP Only from 225 AD to 493 AD: Upgrade asavaran to cataphracts .List: Alan (Bk 2/58) Only Bahram Chobin in 591 AD: Western Turkish allies . Rv. These were recruited from nobles and the country gentry (dekhans). WW. 3/25. 2/64. 2/58. Aggression is high because the dynasty regarded itself as the heir to the Achaemenids (disregarding the intervening Seleucids and Arcacids) and claimed all territories these had ever owned. C-in-C . The strength of the army lay in self-equipped armoured horsemen called asavaran (asawira in Arab sources).Reg Bd (F) @ 6AP Only before 602 AD: Lakhmid or Azd Oman nomad Arab allies . Only Khusrau I from 531 AD to 579 AD: Upgrade asavaran to Reg Cv (S) @ 10AP Only in 550 AD: Alan allies . As of 16/08/11 69. By 550. since the banner was 22 feet by 15 feet and mounted on a heavy tripod mast.Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP Peasant levy spearmen . or other hill tribesmen .Irr Cv (S) @ 19AP.Irr Bge (O) @ 2 AP. 3/4.Irr El (S) @ 20AP **12-18 0-6 0-3 0-8 0-18 0 or 1 1 All/0 All/0 All/0 0-1 2-6 1 1-2 20-48 0-6 0-9 0-6 *8-24 0-1 per General 0-1 per general 1-2 per Bge (O) 0-6 This list covers the Sassanid dynasty of Persia from their revolt against the Parthian Arsacids until their extinction by the Arabs.Irr Ax (S) @ 4AP. Chionite or Hephthalite allies . We postulate that a limited number of Parthian-style 60 .Irr Hd (S) @ 2AP Only before 629 AD: Elephants .List: Kushan (Bk 2/46) Only on PF or FW: Bolt-shooters . E.Irr Cv (S) @ 9AP Nomad. 2/28. logistic support or skill in manoeuvre is disputable. allegedly the apron of the blacksmith who founded the dynasty emboidered in gold. 3/17. SASSANID PERSIAN 220 AD .List: Hunnic (Bk 2/80) Only in 502 AD and if Kawad I is C-in-C: Upgrade C-in-C to Brilliant @ 25AP extra Only if King is C-in-C from 531 AD: Regrade C-in-C on elevated golden throne accompanied by Kaviani army standard to Reg Bge (S) @ 26AP Upgrade other generals to Reg Cv (S) @ 30AP Upgrade Irr Bge (O) and (F) to Reg Bge (O) and (F) @ 1AP extra.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Dailami . but were not entirely useless in open battle. 3/3. but held only accommodation tents. The last allied Lakhmid Arab prince was deposed by the Persians in 602. Quadi. As of 16/08/11 cataphracts in complete metal armour on armoured horses became available after the submission of the Parthian noble families who appear later among the great noble houses of the Sassanids. lance and bow. 26. Arabs cannot be used with other allies. Cv (S) can always dismount. 2/64. but are not mentioned by Procopius and do not appear in the Strategikon of Maurikios. 2/80. 3/3. sluggish or thick) from their first appearance on the Roman frontiers until their annihilation by the combined armies of the Lombards and Avars.Irr Wb (O) @ 3AP Archers . 2/65.as above Noble cavalry . Rv. 2/67.Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP or Irr Wb (S) @ 15AP Sub-general . Track was kept of dekhan casualties by each man depositing an arrow at the start of the campaign and taking it back at the end. a less wealthy class of infantry spearmen whose weapons included heavy throwing spears. Sassanid bows are said by contemporaries to have been weaker than the Hunnic bow adopted by the Romans.Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Camp . F. V. or 1-2 per Bge (O) All The Burgundi differed from the Franks and Suevi in using light javelins instead of francisca. Infantry casualties do not seem to have been recorded. Nearly all evidence for archery is consistent with it being by cavalrymen.TF @ 1AP Only Limigantes from 334 AD to 359 AD: Downgrade cavalry to Irr LH (O) @ 14AP if general. 3/2. towers and even walls. Ag 3.Irr Kn (F) @ 19AP Sub-general. GH. together with a majority type with bow only on leather armoured horses.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Wagon laager to protect camp . bow and horse armour. Sciri or Taifali (Bk 2/67) Rugian allies . The minimum marked * applies only if any non-allied infantry except Daylami are used. Minima marked * apply only if any infantry are used. Thuringian or Early Anglo-Saxon (Bk 2/73) Only in 291 AD: Vandal allies . Crushed by the Huns at Roman instigation in 436 AD. E = 2/26.List: Early Ostrogothic. and led the rebel Germans that crushed his successors at the Nedao in 454 AD. or loaded wagons or flocks and herds . Ag 3.Irr Wb (O) @ 3AP Archers . C-in-C . Elephant escorts were greatly enlarged after the last Byzantine war. or loaded wagons . Rd. Their kingdom there was conquered and absorbed by the Franks in 534. Wd.566 AD Cool.Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Foot warriors . 2/72.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. Frisian. they were settled in eastern Gaul as foederati.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.TF @ 1AP Ostrogoth allies . 70.List: Old Saxon. Accordingly. E = 2/64. Khusrau I is said by a late Arab source to have passed laws to standardise equipment on lance. There is only one depiction of a horse armoured in front only that of Khusrau II. BF. Bavarian. provided the largest allied contingent to Attila’s army. Alamanni. GEPID 250 AD . We assume they ceased at roughly the same time as those of their Roman opponents. Wd. Half the baggage elements can therefore be represented as tents and protected by TF. DH. M.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Skirmishers . How these were garrisoned is unclear. The Limigantes also used javelins and fought in close wedge. 3/13. They were subjects of the Sarmatians until they rebelled in 334 and were destroyed by Constantine I in 359. Archaeological comparisons of grave finds suggest that the Gepids had three classes a rich upper class fighting as cavalry. C-in-C . angon or bebrae. WW. Sciri or Taifali (Bk 2/67) Herul allies . BUA.List: Early Vandal (Bk 2) This list covers the Gepids (according to the humorous Goths from Gepanta. but to have shot faster. BUA. WW. which states that Sassanid cavalry had neither lance nor shield. 2/83. 2/72. other baggage and animals being grouped at a distance outside. knee length mail. RH. though sometimes dismounted. BURGUNDI OR LIMIGANTES 250 AD . 2/82.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP or Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP Camp .as above Cavalry .Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP Spearmen . 3/4. infantry were recruited by a numerical levy on specific villages. Parthian style unarmoured horse archers are depicted fighting Arabs and Ethiopians. 2/78. The minimum marked ** applies if any such are used. It has been postulated that the stationary fast-shooting archery techniques used successfully by the Mamluks against the Mongols may derive from Sassanid practice transmitted via Khorasan.List: Early Frankish. and a poor class fighting as archers. Herul. RH. Peasant levy spearmen with large rectangular cane and leather shields were mostly brought along as camp labour and for siege work.000 embittered Jews joined the Sassanids when they invaded Palestine in 614. but this elsewhere says only that he required asavaran to be skilled with mace. 3/5. O. probably in compensation for unusually heavy elephant losses. (who came to the throne from exile with Byzantine assistance) who is depicted with mail shirt.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. Extensive use was made of stone frontier fortresses. 2/71. DH. sword and bow.List: Early Ostrogothic. They were subjugated by the Huns in 375 AD. 3/1. but their cavalry were light skirmishers. shield. 2/80.000 or 36. or 1-2 per Bge (O) 0-12 61 . 1 1-2 15-30 *18-36 *15-36 0-2 per general 0. They were certainly present during the 4th century wars described by Ammianus. coat-of-plates. 5AP if not 1 1-2 0-5 56-154 0-10 0-10 0-2 per general 0. meaning slow. round shield. the remainder as animals outside.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Wagon laager to protect camp .534 AD Cool. Rv. Herul. While dekhans were individually summoned to the army. Suevi. The camp was surrounded by a ditch and parapet. Rugian or Turcilingi (Bk 2/72) Thuringian allies . 71. 406 AD. Suevi. RH. Cv can always dismount as Wb (S). Quadi and some of the Alamanni that invaded across the frozen Rhine in 406. 2/80. BUA. Herul.List: Early Frankish.List: Early Ostrogothic.Irr Bts (O) @ 2AP [Wb] Only Quadi from 373 AD to 375 AD: Sarmatian allies . according to their custom”. The Franks used the francisca throwing axe that gives them their name. Alamanni.List: Early Ostrogothic. Ag 3. Alamannic Ps (S) can support Alamannic Cv. The Franks were the dandies of the German tribes. so may have been similar. 2/78. Suevi. and a heavy throwing spear called the angon. Roman allies cannot include any mounted troops. The Turcilingi are associated with the Rugians in Roman service. Suevi was a collective term for the German tribes of the upper Danube. RUGIAN OR TURCILINGI 250 AD to 496 AD. Rv.Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Foot warriors . The Franks proved the most successful in the long run. The others each carried several heavy throwing spears called bebrae. However. EARLY FRANKISH. absorbing most of Alamannic Gaul in 506.List: Late Imperial Roman (Bk 2) Only Suevi in 471 AD: Sciri allies .List: Burgundi or Limigantes (Bk 2) Herul allies . but not vice versa.List: Early Frankish. dressed in tight garments in bright colours. Sciri or Taifali (Bk 2) Only Franks before 362 AD: Alamannic allies . 506 AD. 2/66. Quadi nobles were equipped in Sarmatian style with kontos and horn armour and charged furiously. As of 16/08/11 72.Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP or Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Only Alamanni from 270 AD to 271 AD: Quadi allies . 2/65. Suevi. Ammianus and Sulpicius describe Alamanni and Franks using felled-tree abatis to block roads within woods or fortify woods as a refuge or ambush. 3/1. and each only in one different command. Quadi. SUEVI. Burgundians must be used if Heruls are. Rd.Irr Wb (O) @ 3AP Archers . GH. BF. Rugian or Turcilingi (Bk 2) Only Franks after 358 AD and Alamanni: Boats .Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Skirmishers . DH.List: Early Frankish. 2/67. Rugian or Turcilingi (Bk 2) Only Alamanni in 286 AD: Burgundian allies . QUADI. most importantly the Marcomanni. These are treated as plashing. C-in-C . The rest of the Alamanni went no further than Gaul and were absorbed by the Franks in 506. 584 AD. 2/73. 487 AD and 493 AD.as above Noble cavalry .Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. 3/3. The Rugians were based in Bohemia and vanish from history after a crushing defeat in 487 by Odovacar’s relic Roman mercenary army while invading lllyria. Alamanni.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP or Irr Wb (S) @ 15AP Sub-general . Quadi. Alamanni are described as “dyeing their hair red. This was absorbed by the Visigoths in 584. after which the enlarged Franks are covered by a separate Middle Frankish list (Bk 3).TF @ 2AP Only Quadi: Upgrade cavalry to Irr Kn (F) @ 19AP if general. Alamanni. Wd.List: Alan (Bk 2) Only Suevi in 419 AD: Western Roman allies . M. Later Rhoxolani Sarmatian (Bk 2) Only Alamanni in 406 AD and Suevi from 406 AD to 416 AD: Vandal allies . Iazyges. WW. 0-2 1 1-2 0-5 34-92 0-10 0-10 0-2 per general 0-6 Any 10-30 62 . 2/72. crossed into Spain in 409 with the Vandals and an Alan contingent and set up a kingdom in its north-west corner. 2/83. 2/70. Herul. E = 2/64. Sciri or Taifali (Bk 2) All these German tribes repeatedly attacked the western Romans and the first two finally took over most of Roman Gaul. Rugian or Turcilingi (Bk 2) Only Alamanni before 362 AD: Frankish allies .List: Early Vandal (Bk 2) Alan allies . 3/2. 2/71. Alamannic graves often have only bow plus axe or knife and in 354 their archers stopped a Roman river crossing. but apparently ruined the effect with their “hairy shoes”. or flocks and herds . F. 9AP if not Only Alamanni: Downgrade foot warriors to archers . ALAMANNI.List: Siracae.Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Camp .Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Plashing or abatis within wood . These tribes had abandoned the earlier German light framea for heavier throwing weapons that could ruin a shield or penetrate armour. Suevi can use Alamanni and Quadi options. 2/82. Cool. Quadi. Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. FRISIAN. 3/13. Bavarians and Thuringians until their absorption by the Franks in 804. and the Anglo-Saxons from Hengist’s arrival in Britain circa 428 until the accession of Edwin of Northumbria circa 617 after the disappearance of the lowland Romano-British states. G. RH.Reg Kn (X) @ 33AP Cataphracts .List: Avar (Bk 3/13) Western Slav allies .Reg Bd (O) @ 7AP Roman auxiliaries . His widow Zenobia occupied Egypt and Asia Minor. It became a Roman dependency in the 1st century AD. one uniformed and charging with lances. or flocks and herds . 2/83. 2/78. 690. and proclaimed her son Roman emperor in 271 AD. and may be a militia equipped in wealthy city Arab style. with a close parallel in the defenders entombed in the collapsed mine wearing mail shirts. and were increasingly likely as time went on to have helmets and mail. Only Old Saxons. Palmyra was especially well provided with artillery. Only Thuringians: Wd. E = 2/23. Frisians. SF. or baggage camels . In 260. 2/81. 3/28. Palmyran Ps can support any Bd or Ax.Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP Caravan guards . Wd. 3/5.Irr LH (F) @ 4AP Regular archers .273 AD Dry.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP or Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP Swordsmen . 3/2. Palmyra was an Arab trading city on the route to Parthia. Accordingly. Rd. GH. D. M.as above Noble warriors . DH.List: Later Pre-Islamic Arab (Bk 2/23) Armenian allies .Irr Hd (O) @ 1AP Camp . The literary evidence for cataphracts is confirmed by the cataphract graphiti at Dura and the two Dura horse armours. 2/64. RH. 3/1. M. 10 bareheaded. 788 and 531 AD respectively. 3/21. F. GH.Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Levy scrapings .DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Roman legionaries . 63 . bare-headed and with similar pink or unpainted plank shields. 1 1-2 8-16 All/0 44-138 0-8 0-5 0-12 0-2 per general 0-4 74. The Dura synagogue frescoes show two kinds of light horse. The list is based on literary sources and on finds from Palmyra and Dura. marching as far as Ctesiphon. Only Frisians: M. it can only be used from PF. She was defeated by Aurelian in two epic battles in 272 AD despite cataphracts giving the Romans a hard time. BF.Reg Kn (X) @ 33AP or Reg LH (S) @ 27AP Sub-general . the Thuringian and Saxon revolt of 555. WW. Anglo-Saxons or Frisians: S. They also depict swordsmen in mail shirts. In the 2nd century it became a colonia and its ruling family provided several senators. the capture of the Roman emperor Valerian by the Sassanids gave the Palmyran ruler Odenathus his opportunity. BUA. Rd. As of 16/08/11 73. 2/73. F. E = 2/64. 2/69.Irr Wb (O) @ 3AP Archers .Irr Wb (S) @ 5AP Horses to mount noble warriors @ 1AP Peasant spearmen .List: Early Slav (Bk 3/1) This list covers Old Saxons. 2/68.Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP 1 1-2 7-16 0-6 2-16 6-16 2-30 0-6 0-3 0-3 0-2 per general 0-12 2-6 6-24 4-12 This list covers the whole period of Palmyran independence. 3 with mail hoods.Reg Bw (O) @ 5AP Irregular archers .Irr Wb (S) @ 15AP or Irr mtd Wb (S) @ 16AP Sub-general .Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Scouts . but was murdered in 267 AD. THURINGIAN OR EARLY ANGLO-SAXON 250 AD . 3/3. After inflicting severe loss on the returning Sassanids and putting down a usurping Roman general. Ag 1. He recovered the lost territory. Rv.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. both regular units and irregulars being attested. OLD SAXON. O.804 AD Cool.Reg Art (O) @ 8AP Camp . D. the other horse archers lacking spears. but did not use it in the field. Noble warriors thought themselves much superior to their followers.Reg LH (S) @ 7AP Volunteer light cavalry or equites sagittarii indigenae . initially used a proportion of heavy throwing weapons.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Only Saxons or Frisians: Keels .Reg Kn (X) @ 13AP Regular light cavalry . BAVARIAN.Irr Bts (O) @ 2AP [Wb] Only Bavarians from 769 AD to 788 AD: Avar allies . BUAf.List: Early Armenian and Gordyene (Bk 2/28) Only before 272 AD: Roman equites alares . Ag 2. C-in-C .Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Arab nomad allies .Irr Cm (O) @ 6AP Bolt-shooters . C-in-C . Palmyrene troops were integrated with the Roman army in 224. Archers were well respected and used in large numbers. PALMYRAN 260 AD . 2/72. 3/19. he was given command of the eastern Roman army by the western emperor Gallienus. Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Only Paekche: Kaya allies . China had conquered most of Korea. Like the other Korean states. or [only after 408 AD] . As of 16/08/11 75.Reg Bge (I) @ 2 AP or Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP 0-2 per general Ditch and bank to protect camp . a naval invasion by T’ang China co-ordinated with an overland move by Silla. in the South-West of the peninsula.Camp .Irr Kn (I) @ 13AP or Irr Bw (S) @ 10AP .Uji nobles. Kaya was the area between Paekche and Silla in the far south of Korea that never quite consolidated into a kingdom and was conquered by Silla in 562 AD. Paekche fell in 660 AD to a two-pronged attack. O. Ag 0. Wd. RH.Reg Bw (O) @ 5AP 2-8 Militia spearmen . Its troops are assumed to be similar to those of Paekche.List: Paekche and Kaya Korean (Bk 2/75) Silla allies . The equipment of Southern Korean cavalry is somewhat enigmatic. otherwise 9AP. otherwise l 1AP.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-10 Camp .TF @ 1AP 0. or porters or man/animal-carts .Armoured horse archers [only after 408 AD] . toneri and yatsuko retainers as spearmen .Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP 12-46 Militia archers .Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP .List: Koguryo Korean (Bk 2/76) Only Kaya until 562 AD: Downgrade Reg Cv (S) to Irr Cv (S) @ 19AP if general.List: Paekche and Kaya Korean (Bk 2/75) Only Paekche after 375 AD: Silla allies .TF @ 2AP 0-16 Only Paekche from 360 AD to 645 AD: Japanese Kofun culture allies: . Downgrade Bge to Irregular @ 1AP less Paekche allies .660 AD Cold . A statuette from Kaya shows a cavalryman with shield and short spear on an armoured horse. Paekche made heavy use of field fortifications. E = 2/63. but irregular. Paekche and Silla allies cannot be used together.Reg LH (F) @ 5AP or Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP 0-7 Provincial spearmen . The list attempts to cater for all possible interpretations of this evidence. guard units stationed at the capital.Reg Kn (X) @ 33AP if general. and with good overseas links to China. otherwise 13AP Any Horse archers . or 1-2 per Bge (O) Ditch and bank field defences . Reg Ps (O) to Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP . 3/20. The Japanese learned cavalry techniques from Paekche. BF. DH. They fought each other in varying alliances.Reg Bge (O) @ 3AP. Paekche. was the culturally most advanced of the “Three Kingdoms”. A Japanese ally general must command all and only Japanese.List: Silla Korean (Bk 2/77) *1 *1-2 *6-24 *1 to 2-3 Bw (S) *0-2 All All During the Han dynasty.Irr Bw (S) @ 5AP . but his weapons are missing.Irr Sp (I) @ 3AP . or porters . The army organization is known to have consisted of three tiers. Koguryo sources also depict enemy cataphracts identical to their own. BUA. After the collapse of the dynasty. Reg Cv (O) to Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP.Uji nobles.List: Silla Korean (Bk 2/77) Koguryo allies . Reg LH (F) to Irr LH (F) @ 4AP.as above 1-2 Guard cavalry . 2/79. Koguryo and Silla allies cannot be used together.Reg Bw (I) @ 4AP 12-46 Skirmishing archers . of Koguryo in the North.Irr Bw (O) @ 9AP.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. Rd. Rv. C-in-C . Reg Kn (X) to Irr Kn (X) @ 21AP if general. toneri and yatsuko retainers as armoured archers with pavise . 2/77. PAEKCHE AND KAYA KOREAN 300 AD . It also had close dynastic and cultural links with Japan. GH. 2/76.Reg Cv (S) @ 10AP or Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP 3-5 Upgrade generals or guard cavalry to cataphracts . M. becoming armoured horse archers. S.Reg Cv (S) @ 30AP 1 Sub-general . permanent provincial troops and militia.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. all Sp to Irr Sp (I) @ 3AP.Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP 2-8 Provincial archers .Ally general . A Silla figurine shows an armoured cavalryman on an unarmoured horse. 64 . but with little real results. all Bw to Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP. E. and Paekche in the South-West. Items marked * apply only if any Japanese are used. the Korean tribes coalesced into the Korean “Three Kingdoms”. Silla in the South-East. Pre-Dynastic Khitan or Hsi (Bk 2/61) Tuan Hsien-pi allies . or porters or man/animal-carts .all Reg Kn (X) @ 13AP or all Reg Kn (F) @ l 1AP 0-3 Other cataphracts .List: Hsien-pi. C-in-C . Overland invasions by Sui and T’ang armies against Koguryo failed to take the heavily fortified frontier cities. This balance was changed when China. but the armoured swordsmen are unlikely to have have been officers. weakened by civil war. They fought each other in varying alliances. China had conquered most of Korea. KOGURYO KOREAN 300 AD .List: Paekche and Kaya Korean (Bk 2/75) Only after 663 AD: Japanese Ritsuryo culture allies . the rationalisation being that young men are more impetuous and poorer. RH. but with little real results. Wd. Irr Sp (I) to Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP.TF @ 2AP 0-16 Only in 319 AD: Yu-wen Hsien-pi allies . Malgal are barbarian tribes from Manchuria.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-10 Camp .Irr Kn (X) @ l l AP 4-8 Light horse archers . Wu-huan. Rd. of Koguryo in the North.List: Pre-Samurai Japanese (Bk 3/7) During the Han dynasty.Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP 8-16 Armoured archers . Silla in the South-East. reunified by the Sui and T’ang dynasties. and Paekche in the South-West. BUA. Pre-Dynastic Khitan or Hsi (Bk 2/61) Only from 338 AD to 339 AD: Southern Hsiung-nu allies . the Korean tribes coalesced into the Korean “Three Kingdoms”. G. fell to a twopronged attack from China and Silla. O.668 AD Cold Ag 0. since an identically armed group are depicted fighting together. Irr Bw (I) to Reg Bw (I) @ 4AP. or 1-2 per Bge (O) Malgal archers . SonBae are young nobles forming a body of elite cavalry. set out to re-establish its control over the peninsula.List: Hsiung-nu or Juan-juan (Bk 2/38) Only after 375 AD: Upgrade Irr Kn (X) to Reg Kn (X) @ 13AP. 2/63.TF @ 1AP 0. M. 2/79.List: Silla Korean (Bk 2/77) Paekche allies . 2/75.Irr LH (S) @ 6AP 0-9 Armoured spearmen .as above 1-2 SonBae . non-Malgal Irr Ps (O) to Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP Silla allies . Wu-huan. All 65 .Irr Sp (I) @ 3AP 10-24 Militia archers . S. Silla and Paekche allies cannot be used together or with Japanese.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.Irr Bts (O) @ 2AP [Bw or Ps] 0-2 Ditch and bank field defences . BF.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP or Irr Bw (O) @ 4AP 0-4 Malgal boats . renowned as skirmishers. As of 16/08/11 76. It was only in 668 AD that Koguryo. E. It is just possible that the cataphract figure depicted on one tomb dismounting from an unarmoured horse represents SonBae. GH.List: Hsien-pi. Irr LH (F) to Reg LH (F) @ 5AP. Rv. The axemen shown in art are thought to be purely ceremonial. 3/20. After the collapse of the dynasty.Irr LH (F) @ 4AP 0-3 Malgal auxiliaries .Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP 6-12 Skirmishing archers .Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP 0-2 Militia spearmen .Reg Bge (O) @ 3AP. E = 2/61. DH.Reg Bge (I) @ 2 AP or Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP 0-2 per general Ditch and bank to protect camp .Reg Kn (X) @ 33AP 1 Sub-general .Reg Bw (O) @ 5AP 2-6 Armoured swordsmen . or porters or man/animal-carts .Irr Sp (I) @ 3AP 6-24 Militia archers . Irr Sp (O) to Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP. S.Reg Pk (O) @ 4AP 8-12 Only before 562 AD: Kaya allies . Irr Ps (O) to Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP All Red Banner .List: Sui and Early T’ang Chinese (Bk 3/20) Only after 670 AD: Koguryo exile banner troops . Bg] 0-2 Ditch and bank field defences .TF @ 1AP 0. O. otherwise 13 AP All/0 Hwarang nobles . 3/20. Koguryo and Paekche allies cannot be used together. In 678 a peace treaty was concluded.List: Paekche and Kaya Korean (Bk 2/75) Only from 375 AD to 659 AD: Koguryo allies . 2/79. 2/75.as above 1-2 Chong elite cavalry . As of 16/08/11 77. who made the most of the opportunities offered by Chinese ambitions in Korea.Irr Sp (O) @ 4AP 0-16 Archers and crossbowmen . The evidence for Southern Korean cavalry equipment is discussed in the notes to the Paekche and Kaya list. of which the Chong heavy cavalry and the Red Banner infantry. Chinese allies cannot be used with Korean allies. but de facto independent. Wd. diplomats and generals. Silla had several elite regiments. Irr Sp (I) to Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP.Reg Cv (S) @ 10AP or Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Malgal exile banner troops . Rd. or 1-2 per Bge (O) War Junks .Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-12 Camp . Irr LH (F) to Reg LH (F) @ 4 AP. One modern painting shows them as light horse archers. 66 .Irr Bw (O) @ 4AP 8-16 Militia spearmen .Reg LH (S) @ 7AP 0-3 0-2 0-2 Located in the South-East corner of Korea.Reg Cv (S) @ 30AP 1 Sub-general .935 AD Cold Ag 0.Irr Shp (O) @ 3AP [Bw.TF @ 2AP 0-16 Only after 520 AD: Upgrade Irr Cv (O) to Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP. which left Silla in control of most of the Korean peninsula. The rival states of Paekche and Koguryo were destroyed with Chinese help. 3/54.Reg Kn (X) @ 13AP Paekche exile banner troops .Reg Cv (S) @ 10AP 0-4 Upgrade generals and Chong to cataphracts . Silla was able to rally the people of Paekche and Koguryo under a common flag and to fight the T’ang forces to a standstill. armed with “Great Spears” distinguished themselves in the wars of the 7th century. SILLA KOREAN 300 AD . Irr Bw (I) to Reg Bw (I) @ 4AP. it was fortunate to have excellent rulers. during the 7th century. LH. Hwarang “Flower Boys” were a body of young nobles renowned for their splendid dress and their reckless heroism.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP 6-24 Skirmishing archers and crossbowmen . E. Pk. DH. 3/56. Ps] 0-3 Transport Junks . Sp. Irr Bw (O) to Reg Bw (O) @ 5AP. 3/55.Reg Bge (O) @ 3AP.Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP 2-4 Scouts . BUA. but when T’ang China tried to impose its rule over Silla.Irr LH (F) @ 4AP 0-2 Spearmen . 3/7. E = 2/63. RH.List: Koguryo Korean (Bk 2/76) Paekche allies . Rv. 2/76.Reg Kn (X) @ 33AP if general. C-in-C . on what grounds is unknown. Cv. M. or Paekche with Kaya. 3/39. GH. Silla was the most backward of the Korean “Three Kingdoms”. BF.Reg Bge (I) @ 2 AP or Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP 0-2 per general Ditch and bank to protect camp . However. Other sources describe them as lancers. nominally a vassal of China.List: Paekche and Kaya Korean (Bk 2/75) Only from 660 AD to 668 AD: Chinese allies .Irr Shp (I) @ 2AP [Kn.all Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP or all Irr LH (S) @ 6AP 0-2 Cavalry . Reg Bw (O) @ 5AP Frankish allies . V.Reg Kn (X) @ 13AP Only in western armies after 380 AD: Regrade equites as Comites Alani . O. 2/80.Reg Bge (O) @ 3AP. Quadi. Rd.Barbatio from 357 AD to 358 AD in western army .Constantius II from 337 AD to 361 AD in eastern army . staff sling or crossbow . F.Julian from 357 AD to 361AD in western armies and 362 AD to 363 AD in eastern armies . V.Reg Ps (S) @ 3AP or Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-4 Bolt shooters .Reg Kn (F) @ 11AP Only in western armies after 406 AD: Alan allies . (eastern) 2/26. Rd.Stilicho from 394 AD to 408 AD in western armies 0-1 Downgrade C-in-C to Inert general @ 75AP less. if: . Rv.TF @ 1AP 0.List: Later Pre-Islamic Arab (Bk 2/23) Only in eastern armies from 325 AD to 363 AD: Armenian and Hiberian allies . Ag 2. or Lusoriae/Pictae . LATE IMPERIAL ROMAN 307 AD . 2/72.Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP or Reg Bd (O) @ 27AP 1-2 Legionarii . 2/67.Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Equites Illyriciani .Reg LH (O) @ 5AP Equites sagittarii . 2/67. WW. C-in-C . S. 2/65. F.Reg Art (S) @ 10AP 0-2 Camp .Reg Bw (O) @ 5AP Border / Pseudocomitatenses sagittarii units .Reg LH (I) @ 3AP Auxilia Palatina sagittarii units . M. else Warm.Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP 0-12 Archers supporting all Ax (S) or (O) except marines . Suevi. darts. RH.Reg Bd (O) @ 7AP 4-16 Archers supporting legionarii .Reg LH (F) @ 5AP Equites sagittarii indigenae . SF. 2/78. 2/28. Wd. Rv.Reg LH (O) @ 5AP Equites sagittarii . BUAf.List: Early Armenian and Gordyene (Bk 2/28) Only in eastern armies after 337 AD: Upgrade catafractarii to Reg Kn (X) @ 13AP Only in eastern armies from 366 AD to 375 AD: Currus drepanus cataphract scythed chariot . Reg Bd (O) @ 27AP or Reg Ax (S) @ 25AP 1 Upgrade Cin-C to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra.Reg LH (F) @ 5AP Dromedarii cameleers . As of 16/08/11 78.Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP 4-16 Border / Pseudocomitatenses auxilia .Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP 0-1 per Gal Only in western armies: Equites .Reg Bge (F) @ 3AP 0-2 per general Ditch and palisade for camp . 2/70. DH. G.Reg Art (O) @ 8AP or (F) @ 10AP 0-4 Stone throwers . FW in Britain Eastern: Warm. E = (western) 2/54. BF. 2/82. promoti indigenae or Saraceni . GH. 2/70. 2/57. sling.Reg Kn (F) @ l 1AP Clibanarii .List: Early Frankish.Constantine I from 306 AD to 324 AD in western armies and from 324 AD to 337 AD in any armies . 2/64.List: Early Visigothic (Bk 2/65) All 0-1 2-3 0-3 0-4 3-6 1-2 0-4 0-2 0-6 0-2 0-12 3-8 4-8 0-6 0-2 0-15 0-2 0-2 0-15 67 .DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. 2/73.Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP.List: Later Visigothic (Bk 2/82) Only in eastern armies after 324 AD: Catafractarii . S.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP 1 per 2 Bd or 1 per Bd Legionarii with heavy clubs .Irr Exp (O) @ 7AP Only in eastern armies from 395 AD to 397 AD: Visigothic allies . Alamanni.Sabinian in 359 in eastern army 1 Sub-general . 2/65.Reg Kn (X) @ 13AP Equites .Reg LH (F) @ 5AP Auxilia Palatina sagittarii units . 2/68.425 AD Western: Britain and Gaul Cool. 2/55. DH. Rugian or Turcilingi (Bk 2/72) Only in western armies after 312 AD: Catafractarii/Clibanarii . PRd. if: . 2/66. RH. Wd or O. Ag 1.Irr Ax (I) @ 2AP 0-4 Dromons .Reg Bd (X) @ 8AP 0-4 Auxilia Palatina . 2/78.Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Equites Illyriciani.Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP [Ax. Ps]. GH. or pack-mules .Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-1 per Ax Skirmishers with javelins.Reg Bw (I) @ 4AP Arab nomad allies . 2/58. 2/69. 2/80. PRd.List: Alan (Bk 2/58) Only in western armies after 418 AD: Visigothic allies . 2/52.Irr Bts (S) @ 3AP [Ax. 2/72. 2/58. BUAf. Ps] 0-4 Marines . or 1-2 per Bge (O) Laeti or city militia . The distinction. completely covered their limbs. that legion service was less popular with recruits because of the heavier equipment. no looting in the usual barbarian way”. Both Constantine I at Turin and Constantius II at Singara are reported to have defeated clibanarii with legionaries wielding heavy clubs.. In his “Panegyric to Theodosius”.graded as all Irr Wb (O) @ 3AP. between catafractarii and clibanarii is still a little uncertain. in emergency. or all auxilia palatina . fitted to the curves of their bodies. Cataphract scythed chariots were advocated for use against Persia by a Roman inventor now ascribed to the reign of Valentinian I and Valens. The latter were originally ordinary equites who adopted the long contus instead of the usual lancea. All clibanarii units were originally recruited from eastern peoples. They would then be functionally identical. Whether they fought in native style or were formed into new auxilia palatina is uncertain. others were light unarmoured javelin-throwing Illyricani.” In his description of Julian’s battle of Argentoratum in the same year.. Legions were now optimised for fighting barbarian warbands and cavalry. so that you might have supposed them statues polished by the hand of Praxiteles. writing between 383 and 450 (most probably around 390). confuses previous with contemporary military practise. equipped much like the old ones but called vexillationes and new elite infantry units called auxilia palatinae. javelins and shield. by promoted frontier infantry units with the still lower rank of “pseudocomitatensis”. Some cavalry vexillations were the old type mailed javelin-throwing cavalry. javelins and martiobarbuli as “just as almost all soldiers seem to be armed today”. the original “palatina” legions and cavalry of the field army were joined by others with the slightly lower status of “comitatensis” and then. Legionaries are depicted in art with muscle cuirasses and pteruges. A few of the auxilia were entirely archers. There was no tumult. but does says that most foot are now unarmoured. Especially heavy lance armed cavalry were called catafractarii and clibanarii.. However. The reformed army has been considered since Gibbon wrote his “Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire” to have been much less efficient that its predecessors.Irr Hd (O) @ 1AP Only in eastern armies after 388 AD or western armies from 395 AD: Hunnic and Alan mercenaries . these were provided by cavalry units. Their pila were first supplemented and then replaced by lighter throwing spears with greater range. Constantine I’s original army seems to have had neither type. Ammianus describes “the equites catafractarii cavalry that they call clibanarii” present at Constantius II’s entry into Rome in 357 as “all masked. so skilfully were the joinings made. who sally out through legionary ranks. Vegetius. The Goths who fought for Theodosius I at the Frigidus in 394 did so under Roman generals.Reg Kn (F) @ l 1AP Only in eastern armies after 388 AD or western armies from 395 AD to 408 AD: Gothic foot . These were in turn supplemented by multiple lead-weighted throwing darts (martiobarbuli) of range such that they could partially replace archery. Sciri or Theodosiaci . Some of the other inventions he advocates did see use. long sword and big oval shield as the legions.Irr Hd (S) @ 2AP Armed peasants and slaves . The likely method of achieving this would have been by upgrading existing catafractarii in line with those clibanarii already in existence. Visi and (several) Theodosiani of the right date. and the 3 types of chariot illustrated look very much like a sequence of experimental prototypes as practical problems were (probably unsuccessfully) addressed. Some modern authors choose to disbelieve the art and assume that both wore mail corselets. The latter carried the same new long range throwing weapons. but the Notitia has units of the latter called Tervingi. Claudian’s account of the assassination of Rufinus describes fully armoured men on metal armoured horses. Rather than denude the frontiers of the old auxiliary cohorts and alae. and refers to light-armed men with shields. those who before had been our enemies.Irr LH (S) @ 6AP Equites Taifali. A recent suggestion that most were invented by monkish copyists has little to recommend it. There are a few representations of mailed soldiers on foot. The short gladius was also replaced by a longer sword. not men. since overhead archery is mentioned in battle accounts and archery equipment is found by archeologists in forts not occupied by an archer unit. Vegetius describes light infantry with javelins and darts. 68 . Libanius credits Constantius II with creating a large number of cataphract units with armour even heavier than the Persians with even the horses being armoured. The next evidence of catafractarii in the west is as garrisons in Gaul from 312 and these may have been remnants of Maxentius’s units. if any. but these could be dismounted cavalry. following the signa against which they had stood. This view has been reversed as yesterday’s wargamers joined the ranks of academics! Its main innovation was the formation of first central and then regional field armies to support the frontier defences. Pacatus Drepanus says of them “They marched under Roman leaders and banners as Romans. The field force legions needed to be supported by elite cavalry and infantry. changed guards and rarely feared to be reprimanded. so it overlaps the Middle Imperial Roman list. The apparatus geared to the chariot wheels to automatically whip the hind quarters of the (fully armoured) horses has an obvious conceptual flaw. As time went on. no confusion. These were single banked and much smaller than the later Byzantine warships of the same name. As of 16/08/11 Only in eastern armies in 399 AD: Rioting religious mob . The wood carving from Egypt referred to under list 55 shows both mailed and muscle-cuirassed Romans on foot. their garment fitted. furnished with protecting breastplates and girt with iron belts. The large 10 cohort legion of earlier days was replaced by a much smaller 1. Thin circles of iron plates.Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP 0-4 0-2 0-5 *2-4 *6-12 This list covers the Roman army from the reforms of Constantine I until the accession to power of Aetius.slings or bows. yet others light horse archers. Minima marked * apply only if any troops so marked are used. The Notitia Dignitatum includes coloured shield emblems for all units of the western field armies and the infantry of the eastern field armies. The continued existence of lanciarii as such is improbable. Note that the reforms did not extend to the east until he defeated his last rival in 324 AD. and auxilia as unarmoured. he variously describes the same single body of cavalry as “catafractarii” and as “clibanarii”.200 strong body probably originating in detachments (vexillations) taken from the frontier legions.. and most catafractarii from western. so that whichever way they had to move their members. or with slings.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. Legions and probably other auxilia included a proportion of supporting archers.Goths and Huns and Alans answered the roll call. both being fully armoured lancers on fully armoured horses. Constantine seems to have amalgamated all his into a special elite advanced guard legion (Bd) which became the army’s senior infantry unit. The standard warship was now the dromon (“runner”) developed from an original used on the River Po. staff. 557 AD) was at first dominated by T’o-pa “traditionalists”. Bd. 2/79.Irr Shp (S) @ 4AP [Sp.Reg WWg (O) @ 10AP Downgrade WWg as wagons used as an improvised diversionary force and with smaller crew to Irr WWg (I) Only southern dynasties from 418 AD: Treadle-powered paddle-wheel boats . Bamboo-and-paper lions were used in 446 to defeat Cham elephants.Irr Wb (F) @ 3AP Southern tribal archers and crossbowmen . As of 16/08/11 79. and Juan-juan refugees. (southern) 1/49.Irr Shp (I) @ 2AP [Kn.Reg Bw (O) @ 5AP Downgrade Bge to Irr @ 1AP less. 3/8. but some had unprotected arms and lower legs.List: Central Asian Turkish (Bk 3/11) Only northern dynasties before 557 AD: Downgrade generals to Irr Kn (X) @ 21AP or Irr Kn (F) @ 19AP.all Irr WWg (I) @ 4AP. or 8-12 This list covers the native Chinese southern dynasties from the establishment of Eastern Ts’in (Chin) in 317 AD until the Sui conquest of the south. All cataphract cavalry rode armoured horses. and the Western Wei regime (535 . allied with Western Wei against the Juan-juan. The Eastern Ts’in general Liu Yu several times used WWg with mantlet. large crossbow and archers . who may represent a particular ethnic type or military unit. Rv. a marching force moved in a hollow square protected by chained wagons.Reg Art (S) @ 10AP or Reg Art (I) @ 4AP Bolt-shooters .Reg Kn (F) @ l 1AP or Reg Kn (X) @ 13AP Heavy cavalry .Reg Art (O) @ 8AP Camp . LH.Irr El (O) @ 16AP Bamboo-and-paper lions . 69 . Irr Bts (S) @ 3AP [Sp. “Pug-nosed” archers are based on tomb-figurines with distinctive equipment and facial features. in particular. Bw] Towered war junks . troops stationed on the northern frontier were attached to their old nomadic way of life even while the capital was becoming more Sinicised. 2/79.Reg Kn (F) @ l 1AP or Reg Kn (X) @ 13AP Chinese subject heavy cavalry . conquering the other “barbarian” kingdoms) and its successor dynasties until the Sui seized power in 581 AD. Only southern dynasties: WW.Irr Shp (I) @ 2AP [Cv. Bw] Only southern dynasties in 423 AD: Chained wagons . he supplemented these with a diversionary force of improvised wagons with only 7 men each to establish a bridgehead over a river and distract the enemy from his main force crossing elsewhere.Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP or Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Elephants . 2/61. Bw] Horse-transports .as above Dare-to-die volunteers .Reg Kn (X) @ 33AP or Reg Kn (F) @ 31AP Sub-general . Reg Bd (F) @ 7AP or spearmen. In 416.Irr Bd (F) @ 5AP or Irr Bd (O) @ 5AP Rope-pull stone-throwers . M. archers and a crew of 20 to compensate for the Southern Dynasties shortage of cavalry. Bge (O)] Only southern dynasties from 409 AD to 416 AD: Ox-drawn wagons with pavise. but raised in huge numbers by large scale levies. or Turkish allies .Reg Gal (F) @ 4AP [Sp. O. Northern dynasties infantry were generally poorly armed and trained. Light boats . Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP Archers/crossbowmen . and carried bow as a secondary weapon in addition to their lance. The Hsien-pi list explains classification. Only Northern Wei: FW. or Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP or horse archers to Irr LH (F) @ 4AP Only southern dynasties: Cataphracts . those marked ** only if any troops so marked are used. C-in-C . Nomad allies include Juan-juan factions allied with Northern Wei during a Juan-juan civil war. or all TF @ 2AP Any 2-5 2-5 0-7 16-24 Any 16-24 **4-8 **2-4 0-1 0-4 0-5 0-6 0-2 0-6 0. CHINESE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN DYNASTIES 317 AD .Reg LH (F) @ 5AP Levy swordsmen. 2/38. Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP or spearmen. or boats protected by oxhides.Irr Cm (X) @ 9AP Pits for use as Hidden Obstacle stratagem . RH. or 4-8 0-½ 0-1 0. DH.Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Horse archers . Armoured elephants were used once by Liang against the Western Wei.589 AD Northern dynasties: Cool. GH. In 423. and the Northern Wei dynasty founded in 386 by the T’o-pa clan of the Hsien-pi (which unified north China.Reg Bw (I) @ 4AP or Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP [Ps can support Bd or Sp] “Pug-nosed” armoured archers . Southern dynasties: Tropical.Reg Bge (O) @ 3AP.Reg Bge (I) @ 2AP 1 1-2 0-6 0-2 0-2 0-2 per general 8-15 0-4 6-14 *12-24 *12-20 0-6 All/0 0-4 0-4 Only northern dynasties: Cataphracts . Minima marked * apply only if foot are used. 589 AD. Bw] Horse-transports . Ag 2.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. 2/21. LH] Juan-juan allies . BF. others were more fully protected. E. E = (northern) 2/21. Bd. Reg Sp (O) @ 5AP Downgrade raw swordsmen to Reg Bd (I) @ 5AP or raw spearmen to Reg Sp (I) @ 4AP Archers or crossbowmen . Irr Bts (S) @ 3AP [Sp. Ag 1. settled on the frontiers by the Western Wei after the loss of their empire to the Turks. or boats protected by oxhides.Reg Bw (O) @ 5AP or Reg Bw (I) @ 4AP or Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP [Ps can support Bd or Sp] Southern tribal fighters .FO @ 2AP Light boats . large crossbow. 2/75.Irr Bts (O) @ 2AP. The option to make early northern cavalry irregular recognises that the T’o-pa did not turn into a regular Chinese-style army overnight.How these should be classified is uncertain. Cv. WW. Turks. or ox-carts .Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP Horse archers .List: Hsiung-nu or Juan-juan (Bk 2/38). 2/38. Rd.Irr Bts (O) @ 2AP. BUAf.Reg LH (F) @ 5AP Swordsmen. 3/11. cataphracts to Irr Kn (X) @ l 1AP. 2/46. F. Upgrade Hun Cv (S) to Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP if general. but Procopios describes Sabir shooting rapidly at a fortress and surprised with only bows in their hands by a sortie . Minima marked * apply only if any subjects except Alans or Sciri are used.Irr El (S) @ 20AP Indian levy foot . King of the Gepids. Sozomenus earlier describes a Hun leaning on a long shield. Rv. 7AP if not. GH. 2/58. As they represent separate tribes. It has been suggested that Atttila’s iron rule produced a state of obedience justifying regular status. and Hun LH (S) to Reg LH (S) @ 27AP if general. Sciri or Taifali (Bk 2) Only western Huns before 454 AD: Alan subjects .Irr Wb (O) @ 3AP Burgundian or Thuringian subjects .Irr Wb (O) @ 3AP Ostrogothic subject allies . The western Huns are described by Sidonius as “A roaming multitude from Skythian clime. BUAf. King of the Ostrogoths. They were later part of the Volga Bulgar confederacy. The Sabir drove the Oghurs and Onoghurs west from Central Asia to the Black Sea region about 463 and moved to the steppes north of the Caucasus and to the Volga by 515.Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP or Irr LH (S) @ 6AP Huns . How these were equipped is obscure. They minted coins marked OIONO. Rv. Agathias calls them “hoplitai”. G.½ Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP.Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP Herul subjects . from 433 AD to 453 AD: Upgrade C-in-C (as Attila) to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra. Herul. Others: Cold Ag 4.List: Early Ostrogothic. BF.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. they looked very similar to Parthian horse archers. 2/65. and a host of lesser chieftains of conquered peoples. E = 2/65. making them de facto nobility.” Priscus. but some Huns are known to have used long lances and worn metal armour. 2/83.FO @ 2AP 0-6 **1-4 0-4 **8-24 0 or 1 All/0 *4-12 *4-12 *8-24 8-40 1-6 8-20 1-4 0-20 1 0-2 0-3 20-80 0-2 per general 0. 70 . does not mention any stratification of class. Rv. RF. Wb of one tribe cannot provide support to Wb of another tribe. sure and terrible are their hands. this folk live there. ravening. GH. and a prince is attested as wearing a corselet. 8AP if not. 3/10. They surprisingly provided both Byzantines and Sassanids with mercenary infantry described as “exceedingly ferocious and rapacious”.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Wagon laager to protect camp . The Hephthalites in India are reported by a Chinese traveller to have had 700 elephants each crewed by 10 halberdiers and with a sword fastened to its trunk. teaching an early Byzantine army how to make a ram out of unsuitable material. M. Wd. teeming with savagery. frightful. 2/83. They were good at sieges. DH. and also the eastern. GH. RF.Irr Cv (I) @ 5AP Only Hephthalites outside India: Ditch . 2/80.List: Early Ostrogothic. Valamir. 2/46. Attila’s allies included Ardaric. 2/83. 2/38. RH. Herul. Ag 3. Other Hephthalites and Sabir: Cold.Irr LH (S) @ 6AP Sciri or Herul subjects . F.possibly dismounted cavalry. The ditch used by the Hephthalites to destroy Peroz and his Sassanid army in 484 is best represented by a Hidden Obstacle stratagem. Rd. Ag 1. RH. possibly unrelated. HUNNIC 356 AD . Any other folk are carried upon horseback. or horse/cattle herds . the Hephthalites until their western element’s amalgamation with the remnants of the Juan-juan to form the Avars after 558 and the loss of their Indian empire circa 570. 2/70. 2/72.570 AD Attila’s western Huns from 433 AD to 453 AD: Cool. the Chionites from their first intervention in Kushan Bactria in 356 until their destruction by the Sassanids in 468. Ag 4. Chionite and Hephthalite or “White” Huns. Frankish or Rugian subjects .List: Gepid (Bk 2/71) Only western Huns under Attila. Hephthalites in India from 470 AD to 570 AD: Tropical. 2/46. GH. F. 2/58.Irr LH (S) @ 6AP Camp .Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. C-in-C . The Chionites included a proportion of apparently unarmoured men with long lance as well as bow. An “immense horde” of Sciri earlier accompanied Uldin’s failed attack on the eastern half of the Roman Empire in 408. DH. raiding across the Caucasus. E = 2/28. or 1-2 per Bge (O) This covers western Hunnic armies from first contact with the Alans in 374 AD until the remnant states of the Hunnic empire were absorbed by the Avars. Rb. BUA. ½ Irr Ps (I) @ 1AP Gepid subject allies .as above Nobles . 2/69. Sciri or Taifali (Bk 2/67) Only Sabir from 463 AD to 558 AD: Dismount general and Huns as Irr Wb (O) @ 13AP if general. 2/82. Wd. Wd. a visitor to Attila’s court with an eye for detail. barbarous even in the eyes of the barbarian peoples around them. violent. 3AP if not Only Hephthalites in India from 470 AD to 570 AD: Elephants . so this is allowed as an option. Otherwise. G E = 2/28. As of 16/08/11 80. Shapely bows and arrows are their delight. Firm is their confidence that their missiles will bring death and their frenzy is trained to do wrongful deeds with blows that never go wrong. Rv. The minimum marked ** applies only if any Sciri or Heruls are used other than Sciri allies in 408. 2/67. 2/67. 2/69. E = 2/3.Irr Hd (O) @ 1AP Indian cavalry .Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP or Irr LH (S) @ l 6AP Sub-general .TF @ 1AP Only western Huns in 408 AD: Sciri allies . BUA. The major cities of Prima continued to function Wroxeter was extensively rebuilt between 530 and 550 (with a plausible archeological end date of around 680) and several long abandoned hill forts became the sites of new towns.all Reg Ax (I) @ 3AP or all Irr Sp (I) @ 3AP Archers (can support pedyt if Ps) .Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Only Vortigern in 429 AD: Saxon keels . notably archeological finds of an exceptional number of martiobarbuli (lead weighted darts used by elite units) at Wroxeter (9). some time before 454 produced no help.Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP or Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Light cavalry on hill ponies .Irr Wb (F) @ 3AP Only from 454 AD to 470 AD: Upgrade C-in-C (as Arthur) to Brilliant general Reg Kn (F) @ 56AP Only if Britannia Prima from 472 AD to 577 AD: Ditch and bank field defences . attributed in somewhat doubtful sources to Ambrosius Aurelianus “The Last of the Romans”.Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP or Irr Cv (O) @ 17AP British ally-general .List: Old Saxon. but salient points based on preGeoffrey of Monmouth sources are that Arthur was a contemporary of Aegidius’ rule in Gaul (461-64) and had dealings with him. Wd. Caernafon (3). Riothamus (possibly from Rigotamos “supreme king”) King of the Britons (a historical character some of whose correspondence survives) sailed with 12. Rd. or Reg Kn (F) @ 31AP. In 441. This has led Roger White in his “Britannia Prima .Irr Wb (S) @ 5AP Only Vortigern from 430 AD to 441 AD: Saxon allies .Irr Ax (O) @ 3AP. Ag 1. Surprisingly. 3/24. but was for some reason entirely omitted or lost from the surviving Notitia. or pack-ponies . Vortigern’s Saxons rebelled and in 442 were reported to have taken over the rule. campaigned in Gaul when Leo I was eastern emperor (457-74). This is fully argued in Geoffrey Ashe’s “The Discovery of King Arthur”. he lost a battle when his Roman allies failed to turn up and is last mentioned retreating in the direction of the Gallic town of Avallon. Vortigern. Some sort of fight-back took place.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.Irr Bts (O) @ 2AP [Wb] Saxon mercenaries . GH.Reg Bd (O) @ 7AP Archers supporting Primani . C-in-C . In 468.more than from the remainder of the empire. Riothamus must be a prime candidate as the origin of the legendary Arthur. Cirencester (1) and Nettleton (1) . An appeal to the Roman general “Agitus” (probably Aetius). Frisian. but used native troops on the Saxon frontier. or Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP Equites catafractarii .Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP [can support Bd] Replace pedyt with Irish mercenary foot . E = 2/54. 2/73. which provides considerable military evidence. or Votadini . After initial successes. PRd. plus crossbow brooches and chip-carved buckles usually associated with the military.1018 AD Cool. and his successor the legendary Arthur.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. S. 3/19. BF. which is taken as the end of the eastern provinces. was king at the death of Pope Leo I (461) and during the papacy of Hilarius (461-68).Reg Cv (O) @ 18AP or Irr Cv (O) @ 12AP Cavalry . This is not yet a theory acceptable with academics that cannot bring themselves to 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-2 0-2 0-4 0-1 per 2 Bd 0-10 0-1 0-24 l 0-3 8-15 0-5 36-120 0-8 0-2 per general 0-3 1 per Bts 71 .Reg Kn (F) @ 11AP Equites Scutarii Aureliaci .000 warriors to Gaul at the request of Anthemius (sent by the eastern emperor Leo to become western emperor) to help Aegidius the Roman ruler of Gaul and son of Syagrius against the Visigoths. and departs in 470.Reg Bw (I) @ 4AP or Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Camp . Imports of coined money stopped and some time between 420 and 430 a monetary economy ceased to exist. SUB-ROMAN BRITISH 407 AD . none of these are in the westernmost province of Britannia Prima (capital probable Cirencester).Irr Bge (S) @ 3AP or Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP Only Strathclyde after 937 AD: Viking allies . 2/65. 2/81. M.Reg Kn (X) @ 13AP Equites Scyri . As of 16/08/11 81.List: Alan (Bk 2/58) Only Strathclyde in 614 AD: Replace Bge (O) or (F) with 1.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Pedyt .TF @ 2AP Only if Armorican from 411 AD to 580 AD: Alan allies . 3/45. Prima may have used Irish mercenaries to protect its west coast. DH (DH after 580 AD).Reg LH (O) @ 5AP Primani .000 praying monks . Aegidius himself suffered ally trouble when his Franks and Saxons changed sides. E. the cities of Britannia revolted against his officials and were authorised by a rescript of the western emperor Honorius to govern themselves. After the departure of Constantine III’s field army to Gaul in 406 and its subsequent defeat. 3/40. Thuringian or Early Anglo-Saxon (Bk 2) Only Britannia Prima before 471 AD: Regrade C-in-C to Reg Kn (X) @ 33AP. 2/68. Civic leaders evolved into hereditary aristocracies and then into royalty. Rv.the last province of Roman Britain” to propose that Prima continued as a functioning entity. described as Dux Bellorum and fighting in conjunction with the “Kings of the Britons”. The split from the empire was not intended to be permanent and the western part of the Notitia Dignitatum (dated by the inclusion of the Placidi Valentinianici Felices to between the birth of the future Valentinian III to Placidia in 420 and his accession in 425) contains lists of British units and garrisons. BUAf. Bavarian.List: Norse Viking and Leidang (Bk 3/40) This list covers both mainland Britain and Armorica. the “superbus tyrannus” of the eastern provinces imported Saxon mercenaries under Hengest and Horsa in 429 for their defence against Pictish attacks and is also credited with importing Cunedda’s Votadini (initially 900 horsemen) from beyond the wall to North Wales to counter Irish raiding. Kenchester (1). up to ½ Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP. but the field army of the Comes Britanniarum was probably billeted on the cities of Prima. Ditch and bank field defences represent lines such as Wansdyke. 3/28. Bedford in 571. 470 is therefore a convenient date for the end of a regular army. Suevi. 3/4. Wd. While most units are duplicated in Gaul or Spain. The following period is depicted in a diatribe by the monk Gildas as one of renewed Sazon expansion and the British fractured into a patchwork of squabbling kinglets. others were either destroyed or never left. 3/17. 3/31. but then kept them. After 577. WH.List: Early Frankish. G. or Wagons .Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Basque javelinmen . though its extension into Spain. 2/72. The minimum marked * applies only if any Basques are used. Bath. One might with more justice conclude that a collection of immigrants would be even less likely to have the resources.000 praying monks at a battle in 614 AD were attacked by a pagan opponent who decided that those who invoked the gods against him were not non-combatants. Alamanni. remainder Reg Ax (I) @ 3AP Camp . RH. Rheged until 685 and Strathclyde until the death of its last king in 1018. These degenerated into city militia. 2/70. 2/81. LATER VISIGOTHIC 419 AD . of a neighbouring Gothic/Sarmatian nation.Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP Gardingi .3/18). but now relying more on skirmishing with javelins than on a fierce charge. 72 . Bucellarii were the nobles’ well-armoured followers. probably an error for Scyri). Ag 1. After 621 foot were increasingly recruited from conscripted slaves.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. or pack-mules . What form this army could have taken is conjectural. Quadi.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Regrade spearmen as Irr Sp (I) @ 3AP All 0-2 *4-6 0-2 All 1 0-2 3-6 10-30 12-60 12-20 0-5 0-15 0-2 per general 0-4 1 per Bts This list covers the Visigoths from the establishment of their Tolosan kingdom in south-western Gaul. C-in-C . BUAf. becomes the only other time the name occurs is in the eastern Notitia of 395 as palatine legion under the Magister Militum Praesentalis II. F. but can still be traced up to the end of this period.Irr Kn (F) @ 14 AP Basque cavalry . 2/82. These were the Equites Catafractarii Iuniores. Rv. with the survivors being settled among earlier immigrants in Armorica/Brittany. As of 16/08/11 say the word “Arthur” and maintain that Riothamus must have sailed from Brittany to Gaul. 3/5. The initial settlement gave the Visigoths control of the former Roman garrison. S.Irr Bge (F) @ 2AP Fleet . which would not only have had to move a long way but been demoted. 2/78. GH. so never returned after Constantine’s campaign. and Wales until replaced in 580 by the Welsh (Bk 3/19). Armorica until replaced in 580 by the Breton list (Bk.Irr Wb (O) @ 3AP Archers . O. The remaining lowland states were incorporated by Mercia as going concerns (the Wrocensaete. and then the vassal kings Aquila (711-713) and Ardo (713-720). 82. Equites Syri (since associated with the Equites Taifali. 2/80. DH. lesser gentry and followers in more traditional Gothic equipment. 2/83. Only the C-in-C can command Basques.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP. 3/34.720 AD Warm.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP Romans . Ps (O) archers can give rear support to Sp and Ax of the same nationality. Gloucester and Cirencester all fell in 577 as a result of the battle of Dyrham and York fell in 580.Irr Bts (O) @ 2AP [Wb (O)] Fleet crews . Equites Scutarii Aureliaci (just possibly associated with the family of Ambrosius Aurelianus) and the commitatenses legion Primani Iuniores. his being credited with thousands killed by his hand alone. Byzantine allies need not include any infantry. to the Islamic conquest. according to a later source after both wings deserted on the battlefield. The army was finally crushed by Berber infantry in 711. The Primani are a problem. the far south-western kingdom of Dumnonia until 936.Irr Kn (F) @ 19AP Sub-generals . Magonsaete and Hwicce of the Burghal Hideage) in the 7th century.List: Early Byzantine (Bk 3/4) Only after 621 AD: Downgrade sub-generals to ally-generals .Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. and the loss of the Gallic provinces to the Franks in 507. Salisbury fell in 552. Visigothic allied contingents need not include otherwise compulsory foot. PR. the list continues to cover the north British states of Gododdin until 638. solely on the grounds that no mainland British state was capable of providing such an army.List: Italian Ostrogothic (Bk 3/3) Only from 550 AD to 554 AD: Byzantine allies . 1. Gardingi comprised minor royal officials. E = 2/66. The Byzantine allied contingent sent by Justinian I to assist Athanagild in a civil war made extensive conquests in Spain. and because he is quite frankly. V. It is slightly tempting to postulate a new creation to balance the Secundani Iuniores (created from Legio II Augusta) and named for Britannia Prima. Arthur is allowed to be Brilliant on the fairly specious grounds of his far apart victories requiring exceptional mobility.Irr Wb (O) @ 3AP Only before 466 AD: Burgundian allies . 469 . SF.Irr Ps (O) @ 2AP or Irr Bw (I) @ 3AP Slingers . Rugian or Turcilingi (Bk 2/72) Only from 493 AD to 526 AD: Ostrogoth allies .Irr Cv (O) @ 7AP Spearmen . a hero.Irr Kn (F) @ 19AP Bucellarii .List: Burgundi or Limigantes (Bk 2/70) Only from 469 AD to 584 AD: Suevi allies . Rd.478 AD.Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP or Irr Ps (I) @ 1AP Basque slingers . 3/2.Reg Bd (O) @ 7AP 0-8 Archers supporting legionarii . RH.Reg LH (S) @ 7AP Only western armies in Africa before 442 AD: Replace all Kn (F) with Reg LH (F) @ 5AP Replace all foederati foot with tribesmen under Roman officers . GH. but these were increasingly supplemented by “foederati” under their own leaders. and to a 73 . PRd. SF. It is a period in which generals struggled not to become emperor.Reg LH (O) @ 5AP 0-4 Equites sagittarii .Irr LH (S) @ 6AP 0-5 Dromons . 2/71. The traditional view is that these remained irregular troops fighting in their native styles.TF @ 2AP Only eastern armies: Clibanarii .Reg Bw (O) @ 5AP Ostrogothic allies .Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Any 0-6 All 0-1 0-1 0-15 All/0 0-20 0-4 0-4 0-6 ½ -all This list runs from the accession to power of Aetius until the Ostrogothic move to Italy. BUAf.Reg LH (F) @ 5AP Archers in auxilia sagittarii . 2/73.List: Hunnic (Bk 2/80) Only from 454 AD: Upgrade non-general Cv. Rv.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-1 per Bd Auxilia Palatina . E= (western) 2/66. javelins and darts. G.Reg Art (O) @ 8AP 0-4 Camp . C-in-C .493 AD Western: Warm.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP or exculcatores . The change was complete by the start of the Early Byzantine list. Legions had given up first place to unarmoured auxiiia with big shield. BUAf.List: Alan (Bk 2/58) Only western armies outside Africa until 476 AD.Reg Ax (O) @ 4AP 0-6 Archers supporting any Ax (S) or (O) . it aiso covers the western Roman kingdom of Soissons created by the rebellion of Aegidius. 3/1. WW. 2/84. Sciri or Taifali (Bk 2/67) Arab nomad allies . and ended the east’s dependence on barbarians.TF @ 2AP 0. The last mentions of clibanarii/catafractarii are in Claudian’s account of events of 395. PATRICIAN ROMAN 425 AD . V. 2/67.List: Later Visigothic (Bk 2/82) 471 AD: Armorican allies .up to ¼ Reg Kn (F) @ l l AP.as above 0-2 Equites .Reg Kn (X) @ 13AP Only western armies outside Africa before: 470 AD: Visigothic allies . Wd. Eastern: Warm. S. DH.List: Burgundi or Limigantes (Bk 2/70) 481 AD: Frankish allies . As well as the armies of the central governments of east and west. Ag 0. up to ¾ Goths. 2/80. As of 16/08/11 83.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker. F. O. Rv. GH. equipment. Suevi. PRd. 2/83. 2/82. Many Germanic barbarians were recruited into regular mounted and foot units. against a “barbarian” government in Rome in 461 AD. Rugian or Turcilingi (Bk 2/72) 486 AD: Alan allies . 2/84.Reg Kn (X) @ 13AP Equites sagittarii indigenae . Rd. last magister militum per Gallias. RF.Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP 6-12 Garrison or pseudocomitatenses auxilia . Herul. S.Reg Bge (F) @ 3AP 0-2 per general Ditch and bank to protect camp . and conquered by the Franks in 486.Reg Bge (O) @ 3AP. rest Reg Cv (O) @ 8AP 0-8 Equites Illyriciani . but it is equally probable that Roman organisation. spatha. Alamanni. but a puppet emperor’s C-in-C with the title of “Patrician”. or pack-mules .Reg Ps (S) @ 3AP 0-4 Foederati: up to ¾ Rugians. Heruli. Quadi. 2/69.Irr Wb (S) @ 5AP. supplemented at least in the west by fast moving exculcatores (“squashers”). and by Vegetius. clothing.List: Early Ostrogothic. Turcilingi and similar . 2/83.Reg Gal (F) @ 2AP [Ax (S)] 0-3 Bolt-shooters . Ag 1. Sciri and similar . 2/72. Foreign cavalry methods were considered superior and an influx of Huns recruited into regular units after the break-up of Attila’s empire in 454 may have finally led to the bow replacing the javelin as the main mounted missile weapon.List: Patrician Roman (Bk 2/83) 476 AD: Burgundian allies . (eastern) 2/67. LH (O) and LH (F) to armoured horse archers .Reg Cv (O) @ 28AP or Reg Kn (F) @ 31AP or Reg LH (S) @ 27AP 1 Sub-general .Irr Ps (S) @ 3AP Clibanarii . Rd. Soissons or eastern armies: Upgrade foederati Wb to Reg Ax (S) @ 5AP and Kn to Reg Kn (F) @ l 1AP Only Odovacar’s western army in Italy from 476 AD to 493 AD: Ditch and bank field defences .Reg LH (F) @ 5AP 0-2 Legionarii . DH. or 1-2 per Bge (O) Only western armies before 454 AD: Upgrade C-in-C (as Aetius) to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra Only outside Africa before 443 AD or outside Africa from 454 AD to 461 AD: Hun allies .Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP 12-40 Alan and/or Hun mercenaries .List: Later Pre-Islamic Arab (Bk 2/23) Only in eastern armies after 466 AD: Replace foederati foot with Isaurians . V. which destroyed Odovacar’s western army. 2/71. 2/80.Reg Ps (O) @ 2AP 0-1 per Ax Other skirmishers .List: Early Frankish. RH. F.List: Sub-Roman British (Bk 2/81) 475 AD: East Roman allies . M. O. Odovacar used field defences against the Goths.Irr Kn (F) @ 19AP 1 Sub-general . from the cognomen of Legio Prima Isaura Sagittaria.DBMM Army Lists Book 2 © Phil Barker.” Non-allied Moors were only employed overseas for raiding from ships.Irr Bge (I) @ 1AP 0-2 per general Stockade protecting camp .535 AD Warm. C-in-C . or 1-2 per Bge (O) Dromons . DH. S.List: Later Moorish (Bk 2) Only from 530 AD to 534 AD and if C-in-C is Gelimer: Downgrade C-in-C to Inert general @ 75AP less 0-1 0-6 1 This list covers the Vandals from Gaeseric’s consolidation of their African conquests until the Byzantine reconquest. 3/4.Irr Kn (F) @ 9AP 18-56 Luxurious camp full of wealth . Isaurians are described as like Lykians. F. or slaves. RH. At home.Irr Shp (I) @ 2AP [Bg. GH.Irr Bge (O) @ 2AP. crept in with continuous service.Irr LH (O) @ 4AP Up to 1 per 3 Shp Only before 478 AD: Upgrade C-in-C (as Gaiseric) to Brilliant general @ 25AP extra Only before 500 AD: Remnant Alans .TF @ 1AP 0. There is no mention of any transport other than slaves.Irr LH (S) @ 6AP Moorish allies . 74 . 84. as suggested in List 78 and as was certainly the case later with Byzantine foederati. The Alans had been absorbed before the Byzantine reconquest. AFRICAN VANDAL 442 AD . Wargamers that adopt the unfortunate King Gelimer’s indecisive style of leadership and over-complex deployment will probably emulate his disasters. Kn. Ag 3. The traditional version of this army can offer an interesting and powerful combination of steady regulars and fierce barbarians under regular generals. some don the meshed mail and helmets of like hue to themselves [rusty after sea voyage?]. Wd.Reg Gal (F) @ 2AP [Wb (S)] 0-6 Transports . as undisciplined. his throat swelling as the zephyrs dash against it. G. the Vandals seem to have turned themselves entirely into an aristocratic cavalry. RF. 2/83. Now the embroidered dragon speeds hither and thither. As of 16/08/11 more limited extent training.as above 0-2 Vandals . Fugitives from the camp were on foot. women and children . E = 2/57.Irr Wb (S) @ 5AP 1 per Gal Moors . O. LH] 0-6 Ship warriors . their greatest feat being the capture and looting of Rome in 455 AD. some get ready their shapely bows and the arrows made to carry poison on their iron tips. Rd. as “fast-running” and sometimes incorrectly as archers. Rv. Gelimer’s camp was so wealthy that the Byzantines that looted it all wanted to retire to live a life of ease (but were prevented by unsympathetic commanders). but Gaiseric’s construction of a large navy also enabled them to raid extensively overseas. BUAf. They were not allotted land until 476. A contemporary wrote: “Some land their well trained steeds from hollow boats. but those with King Gaeseric’s combination of cunning and aggression will certainly frighten opponents. 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