Biology Investigatory ProjectKendriya Vidyalaya R.B.N.M. Salboni Session- 2014-15 Effects of Fertilisers, Manure and Polythene on the rate of elongation of the Hypocotyl Made ByVageesha Karn Class- XI (Science) Roll no. - 10 Certificate This is to certify that the given project report has been prepared by Vageesha Karn of class 11th (Science) on the topic “Effects of Fertiliser, Manure and Polythene on Growth of the Hypocotyl of a seed” under the guidance of PGT (Biology), Dr. Debabrata Mukherjee and has been completed successfully. Signature: Date: (Dr. D Mukherjee) and who helped me to complete this wonderful and challenging task in the limited time period. Biology Acknowledgment I am extremely thankful to my teacher. Ms M. I have learnt a lot while researching on the given topic for this project. I extend my hearty thanks to my parents and friends for their support and encouragement while this project was being made.”I am highly obliged and gratified for their continuous and undying support and guidance during the completion of this project. and our Principle. D. Michael. because of whose .PGT. Manure and Polythene on the growth of the hypocotyl of a seed. for giving me this opportunity to accomplish this important project on the topic: “Effects of Fertiliser. I am thankful to all those. Mukherjee. Dr. and it is extremely important for all of us to know its effects on ourselves and the natural surroundings.support. this project was possible to complete. Selection The given topic was selected by me as I found this to be a challenging task to complete and also very important knowledge to gain from it. Plants are the only source to purify our atmosphere and provide food to this world. It is very important for us to know the best way of living in this universe without harming it and ultimately living peacefully. Even the carnivorous animals are indirectly dependent on plants for their food. Therefore. guidance and encouragement. It is nowadays noticed that in the pollution is increasing in our environment. I have selected this . ............... . .. Contents 1) Objective........................topic as my project as it gives the answers to my questions........................... ......................... 3) Materials acquired…………………………………………. 4) Methodology…………………………………… ……………..... 2) Introduction................... . 8) Data Analysis…………………………………………… ……. 9) Conclusion……………………………………… …………….5) Observation……………………………………… ……………. 7) Results…………………………………………… ………………. 11) Bibliography…………………………………… …………… . 6) Graph……………………………………………… ……………... 10) Recommendation……………………………… ………….. By observing such soil conditions. . the productivity and growth of plants can be checked. manure and polythene on the growth of the hypocotyl of a seed. manure and polythene the most suitable soil conditions for a typical plant can be observed.Objective Main Objective: .To study the effect of fertiliser. Specific Objective:Through continuous observation of the growth of plants in fertiliser. Vigna mungo with purple red hypocotyls showed the presence of two anthocyanins. Vigna mungo (blackgram) had only one of them. The same 3 anthocyanins were found in cultivars with purple red hypocotyl of Vigna radiata accessions but were absent in the ones with green hypocotyls.Introduction Three anthocyanins were found in Vigna radiata (greengram) accessions with black seed coat. Among the two accessions of Vigna radiata varsublobata examined. One common to both was identified as delphinidin-3-glucoside and the other is probably cyanidin-3glucoside. but were absent in cultivars having green seed coat. . brown and yellow. . Browning of the seed coat of cv TAP-7 after storage over a year was associated with reduction in chlorophyll content. Chlorophyll content of the seed coats was in the following decreasing order: green. while the other resembled Vigna mungo having only delphinidin-3glucoside in seed coat and both delphinidin and cyanidin-3-glucosides in hypocotyl. black.one was similar to Vigna radiata accessions with black seed coat having delphinidin-3-glucoside and two other anthocyanins. Materials 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Pots.3 Gram seeds – 10-12 Fertiliser Manure Polythene Beaker Soil . Watering and regular observation was being taken for 27 days. Conclusion was drawn from the data analysis for the three cases of planted gram seeds. . along with fertiliser. and regular observations were made. Manure was added to the second pot. named as ‘Pot A’. Fertiliser was added to the first pot. Polythene was added to the third pot. Seeds were planted and watered. After the observation of plants and their growth. named as ‘Pot C’ the following day. Observations were recorded for that day. manure and polythene and other materials were brought and the pots were prepared to be sown. observation was compiled and data analysis was made. named as ‘Pot B’ the next day. gram seeds.Methodology During the Making of this project. the following steps were followed: Pots. 5 Pot C. 2½ 4 15 DAY 3 9. 1½ Not germinated 2 5½ 11 10. 1½ 7. 2½ 3 11 ½ 11.Observations Observations were recorded regularly for 27 days and the following data was gathered:Number of seeds planted in 1) 2) 3) DAY 1 S. 1. ½ 2 1 ½ 7 6. 1½ 4 4 4½ . 1½ 1 3. Pot A. 1 (not germinated) 8 2 DAY 2 5. 2 1 8. 1 ½ 4.3 POT A (Fertiliser) 3½ Length of Hypocotyl (in cm) POT B (Manure) POT C (Polythene) 1½ 2. No.4 Pot B. 12. 8 6½ 10 5 2 Died 20 18 16 20 11 23 24 ½ 25 ½ 12 ½ 5½ 2½ 22 20 ½ 18 14 23 25 ½ 17 ½ 25 15 6 2 23 22 20 ½ 15 25 25 ½ 29 24 18 15 Died 25 ½ 19 ½ 30 24 Died 24 Died Died 18 ½ 16 ½ 25 ½ 20 25 32 25 16 ½ 20 Died Died 32 Died Died 17 21 35 Died Died 37 Died DAY 8 DAY 9 DAY 10 DAY 15 DAY 16 DAY 18 DAY 19 DAY 27 . . There are some gaps in the observation as the school was closed during that time and we were unable to record our observations. Graph 180 160 140 120 Day 27 Day 19 100 Day 18 Day 16 Day 15 Day 10 80 Day 9 Day 8 Day 3 Day 2 60 40 20 0 Day 1 . Due to lack of water for some continued days. some plants had dried. some plants in POT A died. the following analysis was made: Due to access of fertiliser. Plants in POT B were best grown in height and persisted for a long time.Data Analysis According to the above observations. Water consumption by the gram seeds was considerably low. Growth of plants planted in POT A was medium all over and can be considered as average. . Seeds germinated in POT C died soon because of polythene present in the pot. which hampered their proper absorption of nutrients. and can supply better quality of nutrients to the plants. However. it can be concluded that pollution can be very harmful to the natural environment and. Presence of polythene is harmful for plants. Growth of plants can be observed best in manure. as it is a natural extract. and it hampers the pathway for the plants’ absorption of nutrients.Conclusion From the above data analysis. fertilisers can be beneficial for plants. following conclusions can be drawn: Access of fertiliser can be harmful for germinating seeds. if used in an appropriate amount. Therefore. Lack of water is extremely undesirable when plants or trees are . ultimately it affects the humans. should be removed from the planting area. planters should use manure the most in amount for the proper growth of plants. Also. Recommendation Through the observations recorded and conclusion drawn from the collected data. then it can be harmful for the plants. Therefore. the amount of fertilizers used should be checked. Also pollutants. regular watering is an essential criterion for growing plants.growing. it is clear that. if used in excess amount. as water is an essential part of their nutrition and is important in the developmental process. as these pollutants are harmful for the growth of plants and hampers their proper elongation. Fertilizers are also extremely useful for the growth of plants. such as polythene. but. because this provides them with necessary elements and . 11th Biology Text Book(NCERT) .ac. Bibliography 1) Ask. because of the probability of contamination. At the same time.com 2) http://repository.ias.in/ 3) Class.compounds for photosynthesis. excess of water should not be provided to the plants.