Submitted byMission Director State Horticulture Mission, Bihar Bihar Horticulture Development Society Registered under Society Registration Act 21, 1860 Directorate of Horticulture Dept. of Agriculture, GOB Barrack No.-13 Main Secretariat Complex Patna – 800015 Tele Fax – 0612-2215215 -2- CONTENTS S.N. PARTICULARS PAGE NO. 1.1 Geography & Climate of the state 3 1.2 Potential for Development of Medicinal Plants 5 1.3 Existing Infrastructure 6 1.4 Land Availability 6-7 1.5 Status of Development of Medicinal Plants 9 2 SWOT Analysis 10-11 3 Details of Annual Action Plan 12 3.1 Objective and Strategy 12-15 3.2 Address of Implementation Agency 15 3.3 Salient Aspect of Annual action Plan 15 3.4 Component wise particulars of fund released during the year 2008-09. 17-18 Detail Action Plan 2009-2010. 18 3.4.1 Establishment of seed center & nurseries 19-20 3.4.2 Cultivation of Medicinal Plants 21-29 3.4.3 Post Harvest Management 30 Drying Yards 30 Storage Godowns 30 Processing Units 31 Quality Testing Lab 31 Support for Quality testing 31 3.4.4 Market Promotion 31-32 Market Infrastructure 32 Buy back interventions 32 3.4.5 Certification and Insurance Organic/GAP Certification 33 Crop Insurance 33 Mission Management 33 Summary of Components 2009-2010 34-36 -3- . Background Information 1.1 Geography & Climate of the state Bihar is located in the eastern part of the country. The outlet to the sea is through Kolkata. The river Ganga flows through the middle of Bihar plane from west to east divides in to two halves. The state lies between the humid West Bengal in the east and the sub humid Utter Pradesh in the west, which gives it a transitional position in terms of climate. The north Gangetic plain consist flat alluvial region, and is prone to floods. The Kosi River, due to its tendency to cause dangerous floods, was previously referred to as the sorrow of Bihar, before the construction of artificial embankments. There are six rivers namely Gandhak, Burhi Gandhak, Bagmati, Ghaghra, Kosi and kamla in north Bihar. Bihar plain is composed of mainly new alluvium, which is mostly non-chalky and heavy textured (clay and clay loam) towards. The east, and chalky and light textured (mostly sandy loam) towards the west of the old Burhi Gandak river. In the south, the gangatic plane is more diversified than in north. Many hills rise from the level alluvium than constitutes the Gangatic plane. Except for Son, all the rivers are small, and their water is diverted into irrigation channels. The soil is generally made up older alluvium. The Kaimur Plateau lies in the extreme southwest. It consists of nearly horizontal sandstone strata that are underlain by limestone. The soil of the plateau is typically red, and is sandy in the Damoder valley. (1165.45mm). Rainfall during the monsoon varies from the lowest of 935.55 in zone III to the highest of 1105.9mm in zone II and a moderate rainfall of 1077.3mm in zone I. During the autumn months (October-November), zones I, II and A III receives the winter rains of 35.15 (zone I), 28.7 (zone II) and 31.95 mm (zone III) in different zones. Summer season receive 1102, 135.0 and 86.00 mm in agro-climatic zones I, II and III respectively. 1.1.2 Agro-climatic zones Agro-climatic zone District Agro-climatic Zone I West Champaran, East Champaran, Siwan, Saran, Sitamarahi, Sheohar, Muzzaffarpur, Vaishali, Madhubani, Darbhanga, Samastipur, Gopalganj, Begusarai. Agro-climatic Zone II Purnea, Katihar, Saharsa, Supaul, Madhepura, Khagaria, Araria, Kishanganj. Description -4- Agro-climatic Zone III Rohatas, Bhojpur, Buxer, Bhabua, Arwal, Patna, Nalanda, Nawada, Shekhpura, Jahanabad, Aurangabad, Gaya, Munger, Bhagalpur, Banka, Jamui, Lakhisarai. Soil (a) Agro-climatic zone I :- Except for the northern and western portions, the entire zone is under the influence of rivers Gandak, Burhi Gandak and Ghaghra originating from the line rich foothills of the Himalayas and thus soil are mostly calcareous(CaCO3) varying from 21.50% to 30% soil of Siwan, Gopalgang East and West Champaran, Muzaffarpur and Vaishali district have developed saliently. (b) Agro-climatic zone II :- The soil of the back waters of river Ganga and Kosi are mostly light to medium textured (except non- calcareous) through accumulation of sodium salts and sodium adsorption have taken place in poor drained soils.Parts of Purnea and Katihar districts have also saline and alkali soils. The soils of this zone are very poor in nitrogen and in available phosphorus and potassium; deficiencies of zinc and boron and toxicity of manganese have been widely recognized. (c) Agro-climatic zone III :- This zone is drier than north Bihar possessing vast stretches of ‘Diara’ (251 lakh/ha.) and ‘Tal-lands’ (1 lakh/ha.) with soil mostly medium to heavy textured throughout the depth of the profile. The soil of this zone expect that of ‘Diara’ and ‘ Tal-lands’ are moderately well-drained to somewhat poorly drained, moderately acidic to slightly alkaline and medium textured to heavy textured. The soil of paddy lands have developed impervious layer of varying thickness and imperviousness from simple semi-developed somewhat porous clay pans to very hard practically impervious thick layers. The soils are poor to moderate in nitrogen, and poor to moderately rich in available phosphorus and potassium. The soils of medium lowlands to lowlands are comparatively more fertile; whereas soil of ‘Tal’ lands are highly clayey throughout their depths, grey in colour, natural to slightly alkali in reaction, moderately well-drained inspite of their heavy texture mainly due to calcium saturation, moderately rich in nitrogen available P and K. The ‘Diara’ lands soils with their undulating la ndscapes are generally light to medium heavy textured with different fertility status. 1.1.3 Suitability of crops proposed with refrence to Agro – climatic zone Agro-climatic zone Medicinal crops Agro-climatic Zone I Buch, Kilmegh,Shatawar, Artimisia,Shwet musli, Amla, Tulsi, Stevia,Ashwagandha,Sarpgandha,Kalihari,Mint & Cybopogan spp. -5- Agro-climatic Zone II Buch, Artimisia, Tulsi,Pippli,Patherchur Mint & Cybopogan spp. Agro-climatic Zone III Buch, Ghrit kumari, Kalmegh, Shatawar, Brahmi, Artimisia, Ratalu, Amla, Gudmar, Tulsi, Stevia, Ashwagandha, Tejpat Dalchini, Patherchur, Bael, Sarpgandha, Chitrak, Kalihari, Gugal, Mint & Cybopogan spp. 1.1.4 Socio Economic profile Those who are engaged in cultivation of different crops,are small and marginal farmers with small holding (less than 1.00 ha.)Due to weak economic status, they are fail to apply vital inputs to their crops in time. Obviously,this results in low productivity of crops. In the Bihar , who started medicinal plants cultivation are innovative farmers. Specially in flood prone area farmers tends twards non-traditional in between February- July (Before rainy season). 1.2 POTENTIAL FOR DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICINAL PLANTS Economy of Bihar, dependent almost exclusively upon agriculture is full of potentialities. The state has been striving to emerge as on e among the foremost in improving the produce from fields. However, the technological investment in the development on agriculture dependent on cultivation of traditional crops under recurrent a biotic stresses like periodic drought, flooding and increasing salinity etc. have not shown desired results. The dependence of agriculture economy almost entirely on primary output further adds to miseries of the people. Major interventions are required to exploit, renovate and use the existing agriculture infrastructure available in the state. Ample opportunities exist for diversified sustainable agriculture in different agro-ecosystem. Among the available option, the need is to develop a sustainable agro- economic growth strategy for pro-poor orientation towards a viable technology development. Systematic cultivation of high value medicinal and aromatic plants under prevailing agro-ecological conditions is being emphasized to meet the growing importance of herbs as source of therapeutic agents, essential oils and raw material base for producing a variety of health promoting / complimenting products. Availability of green produce in bulk will cater to new opportunities in processing, product development, marketing and export of raw and value added products. 1.2.1 Base line survey not been conducted. Data on area, uses etc. used in the Project, are published source and previously work done by Directorate of Horticulture. 1.2.2 Market survey regarding demand, supply, export, import, market and potential players is being carried. -6- 1.3 Existing Infrastructure 1.3.1 Existing Nurseries Sl. No. Location Capacity/Produced planting material i 1, Anne Marg, Patna 60,000 ii Rajendra Agricultural Univ. Pusa, Samastipur 1,00,000 N.B. 10 (ten) Small Nurseries sanctioned by the NMPB, Dept. of AYUSH, N. Delhi in Yr. 2008-09 under the Centrally Sponsered Scheme of NMMP. Sl. No. Information regarding infrastructure Numbers Remarks 1.3.2 Cold storage 243 Hort. Crops 1.3.3 Collection Centers / Pack House 1.3.4 Transportation facilities 1.3.6 Market / Mandies 1600 -do- Aurvedic mfg. Units 322 Unani mfg. Units 22 1.3.1 Nurseries/ Pub. & Pvt. 252 10 nos. identified for medicinal plants under NMMP Scheme 1.3.5 Primary Distillation Unit 195 For Medicinal Herb 1.3.7 R&D Institution 01 Certification Agencies NIL 1.3.9 Farmers Association / Co-operatives / SHG's 326 General /not identified for Medicinal Plants 1.4 Land Availability 1.4.1 About 61.18 % of the State is under cultivation as per the figure available for the year 2002-03. Cluster and corresponding land availability will be put forward later on. 1.4.2 Land Utilization Pattern of Bihar Particulars Area (lakh ha.) Total geographical area 93.60 Total cropped area 79.57 Net area sown 57,25 Current fallow 4.99 Forest 6.22 Barren and non cultivable land 4.36 -7- 1.4.3 However, cultivation of these crops on good fertile lands at the expense of crops providing food security of people may not be a viable alternative. Waste / barren / non cultivable and cultivable waste land need to diversable for non- traditional cultivation. 1.4.4 Crop substitution 1.4.4 Crop substitution Hactare 1.Acorus calamus/Buch 200 2.Aloe vera/Ghrit kumari 400 3.Andrographis paniculata/Kalmegh 200 4.Asparagus recimosus/Shatawar 200 6.Bacopa monnieri /Centella asiatica (Brahmi) 50 7.Chlorophytam borivillianum/Shwetmusli 100 8. Artemisia anua Linn. 100 9.Embelica officinalis/Amla 400 10.Gymnema sylvestris/Gudmar 50 11.Ocimum sanctum 900 12.Piper longum 50 13.Stevia rebaudiana /Madhukari 200 14.Withenia somnifera/Ashwagandha 200 15.Cynomonum species (Tejpat / Dalchini.) 200 16.Coleus species (Patharchur etc.) 200 TOTAL Plant eligible for 50% subsidy 1.Aegle marmelos/Bael 200 2.Rauwolfia serpentine/Sarpgandha 200 3.Plumbago zeylenica 50 4.Glorisa superba/ Kalihari 50 TOTAL 1.Commiphora wighti/Guggal 100 TOTAL Land put to non agricultural uses 16.43 Cultivable waste land 0.46 Permanent Pasture land (Grazing land) 0.18 Miscellaneous crops / groves 2.37 Area sown more than once 22.32 -8- Medicinal botanicals identified for Bihar 1. Anantmool 2. Amla 3. Arjun 4. Ashok 5. Bael 6. Bahera 7. Bhumiamlaki 8. Brahmi / Bacopa moniari 9. Brahmi / Centella asiatica 10. Gudmar 11. Kalihari 12. Kalmegh 13. Kutaz 14. Medalakri 15. Makoy 16. Mulaithi 17. Neem 18. Pippli 19. Punarnava 20. Sarpgandha 21. Shankhpushpi 22. Shatavari 23. Stevia 24. Tulsi 25. Vividang 26. Davna/ Artimisia palens 27. Sena 28. Shwet musli 29. Dalchni 30. Tejpat 31. Patherchur 32. Krishna sariva 33. Ratalu 34. Kokum 35. Ginkago 36. Kapur kachri 37. Kounch 38. Nirgundi 39. Ashwagandha 40. Citronella 41. Lemongrass 42. Pamarosa 43. Mint 44. CN-5 /Jamarosa 45. Patchouli 46. Shirish 47. Saptparni 48. Akarkara 49. Peela chandan 50. Gambhari 51. Nagkesar 52. Chitrak 53. Damabooti 54. Guggal 55. Kutki 56. Kuth 57. Gunja 58. Khadir 59. Apamarg 60. Buch 61. Adusa 62. Ghrit kumari 63. Amaltas 64. Kasmard 65. Chakramrd 66. Sadabahar 67. Malkagni 68. Hadjod 69. Indryan 70. Aprajita 71. Kevukand 72. Amaadi 73. Dhatura 74. Bhringraj 75. Makhana /Gorgan nut 76. Gular 77. Jtropha curcus 78. Mehandi 79. Dronpushpi 80. Sonchampa 81. Lajwanti 82. Sahjan /Drumstic 83. Mithineem 84. Gokhru 85. Shami 86. Bakuchi 87. Anar 88. Janglipyaz 89. Sahdei 90. Katkaranj 91. Antmool 92. Desi gulab 93. Jangli genda /Tegetus minuta 94. Bariyar 95. Akanda etc. -9- 1.5 Status of Development of Medicinal Plants Bihar is located in the middle Gangetic plain region. Within its area of 9.40 million ha of land exist innumerable niches for colonization and multiplication of precious plant genetic resource for utilization of raw genetic material for drug development and biotechnology industry. The state is endowed with three agro-climatic zones viz. the north-west Gangetic plains, the north-east Gangetic plains and the south Bihar plains with variable edaphic characteristic. The Indo-Nepal foot hills of Himalaya in the North provide altitudinal gradients. Big rivers like the Ganga, Ghagara, Gandak, Kosi etc. originating from the Himalayan mountains meander through the northern plains with varied topography and hydrology of low lying areas in ‘Chaurs’, ‘Diara’ lands, Tals, Ox-bow lakes and ponds in part diversity to its ecosystems. Plants possessing disease alleviating properties for man and cattle have been a readily available recourse for leading a healthy life by a substantial segment of especially economically vulnerable rural mass. The adoption of commercial cultivation of some medicinal plants with little or no government support, is expending. Rough estimates show that the area is expending fast and presently cultivated in 2600 hacters. Among different commercially growing species of medicinal plants like Mentha and Lemon grass have emerged as the major players and shared more than 95% total area and production of medicinal plants in the state. Details of Medicinal Crops being grown in Bihar: Medicinal Plants Area (ha) Total production (tons) (Oil/ Wet) Yield Lemon Grass 185 25.90 140 Java Citronella 38 4.75 125 Mentha 2100 252.00 120 Palma Rosa 20 2.00 100 Tulsi 32 3.20 100 Jama Rosa / CN – 5 35 5.25 155 Safed Musli 16 24.0 1500 Kalmegh 15 45.0 3000 Sarpgandha 12 19.2 1600 Shatawar 17 127.5 7500 Buch 6 19.2 3200 Jatropha 29 145.0 5000 Others 95 Total 2600 With its large segment of medicine men formally trained in practicing indigenous system of medicine in Ayurvedic, Unani and Homeopathy a small tribal population and a vast rural population having a rich traditional knowledge of use of plants as drug, the demand for herbs is substantial. Traditionally, the herbs are collected from wild, but the drug companies using -10- botanicals are demanding cultivated uniform quality produce for processing and drug development. The problems faced by the sector are :- a) Lack of reliable data base. b) Lack of standardized cultivation practices especially for organic cultivation. c) Lack of Post harvest management Practices. d) Lack of organized market facility. 2. SWOT Analysis Strengths a) Agro-climatic condition in the state is favorable for cultivation of many medicinal plants. b) Use of plants as drug is quite common among the vast rural masses and the tribal population in the remote areas along the Himalaya foothills. For these people, the age old practice – the ‘Local Health Tradition’ of use of plants as passed from generation to generation through word of mouth is practiced through housewives, tribal / rural physicians (Bagates), bone setters, birth attendants etc. Folk traditions witness an association of varied plant groups with major cultural events. c) Availability of man-power. Within an area of only 3% of the country the state sustains 8% of its population. In the absence of the agro processing industry and existence of primitive rural units for milling, oil extraction etc. the large segment of human power remains unemployed. About 10- 15 lakh labor force migrates every year. d) The state has a strong network a agriculture colleges, research institutes, KVKs under the overall control of ‘Rajendra Agricultural University’. e) Agriculture holds the prime position in sustenance of the population and the farmers are very well versed with the cultivation practices which could be updated for the cultivation of medicinal plants. -11- Weaknesses Deficit in production and supply of quality planting material. Poor transfer of technology. The high productivity achieved on experimental farms are rarely witness on farmers fields. Lack of strong domestic markets of promoting medicinal plants. Low per capita availability of land (0.07 ha.) Inadequate infrastructure for small and marginal farmers. Inadequate research and extension support for developing new technologies suited to the various agro-ecological zones in the state. Absence of organized marketing system. Poor packaging and post harvest handling system. Lack of support from primitive sector. Poor infrastructure for storage and transport of perishable export commodities. Lack of awareness towards quality of raw produce of medicinal and aromatic plants. Opportunities Renewal of interest in drug of botanical Origin. Market growth estimated to be above 7% per year. High cost of production in developed countries which is almost 1/3 in the state. Thrust on development of medicinal plant sector by Govt. of India and lately by the state Govt. also. Low labour costs. Extension of medicinal plant cultivation in non-traditional areas. Innovative nature of farmers. Threats Vagaries of nature like floods and drought. Frequent and wide price fluctuation. International competition for export of medicinal plants produce and products obtained from them especially from neighbouring countries. Chances of adulteration with admixture of similar looking plants. Poor electricity generation and supply. -12- 3. Details of the Annual Action Plan 3.1. Objectives and Strategy 3.1.1 Objectives Support cultivation of medicinal plants according to need of AYUSH system. Offers an option of crop diversification and enhance incomes of farmers. Cultivation following Good Agricultural and Collection Practices to export value added item. Developments for infrastructures to farmers / to their cluster zones. Implement and support certification mechanism for quality standers. Adopt a Mission mode approach and promote partnership, convergence and synergy among stake holders involved in R & D, processing and marketing in public as well as private sector. 3.1.2 Strategy Cultivation of commercially viable medicinal plants can, however be promoted in the following ways:- Plantation in rain fed, barren and problems soils Within the state about 57% of 84.04 lakh ha. of gross cropped area is irrigated and the rest ( 43 % ) is rain fed and draught prune. Unlike traditional crops many medicinal plants have the unique capability to withstand a biotic stress. Cultivation of these plants could be taken in rain fed area. Depending upon the nature of the species, the plant species that can be grown profitably water deficit areas are:- S. No. Botanical Name Common Name 1 Withania somnifera Ashwagandha 2 Catharanthus roseus Sadabahar 3 Asparagus recimosus Shatawar 4 Rauvolfia serpentine Sarpgandha 5 Glorisa superb Kalihari 6 Mucuna puriens Kewanch 7 Phyllenthus ararus Bhumiamlaki 8 Tephrosia purpurea 9 Urginea idica 10 Andrographis pniculata Kalmegh 11 Plantago ovate Isabgol 12 Archyranthes aspera 13 Gymnema sylvestris Gudmar -13- 14 Tinosposa cordifolia Amrita 15 Barrhavia diffusa Punarnava 16 Cymbopogon martini 17 C. flexuosus 18 C. winterianus 19 Vetiveria zizinoides Khush 20 Abelmoschus moscatus 21 Matricaria chamomilla Jarman chameli 22 Ocimum basilicum etc. Tulsi Saline and alkaline soils represent 2.60% of the total area in the state. Much of this area is distributed in command area. Scope for cultivation of palmarosa and lemon grass as also of Acorus calamus, Khas and German chamomil on these problem soils appears to be good as these species with stand moderate levels of sodicity with little effect on growth performance. Wetlands in the state are spread over an area of 4.55 lakh ha. representing 4.86% of the total area in the state. Besides, a large area gets flooded during rainy Season. Some of the peripheral portion and other areas get swallowed, depending upon the period of recession of the flood water and provide the sites for cultivation of Acorus calmus and khas. The riparian areas could be utilized for growing Centella asiatica ,Bacopa monnieri, Eclipta alba some medicinal lilies. Inter Cropping with Horticulture and Agro-Forestry Plantations The forest area in Bihar is only 6.16 lakh ha. representing about 6.59% of the total area of the state. The small area provides limited space for the natural regeneration of medicinal plant wealth. However, growing perennial fruits crops occupies a very important position in agriculture economy of this state. The area under orchards is 2.86 lakh ha. providing fruits to the tune of 3.02 million tones. These area provide return area only 1% year and in off years, hardly any produce is available. The area can be utilized judiciously for cultivation of those medicinal and .aromatic plants which require less care and management inputs. Selection of species, depending upon adjustment to micro-climatic conditions in Agri Horticulture alone. The species can be cultivated on these lands depending upon the age of the orchard, plant habit of the species and adjustment under the canopy micro. climate. Choice of Plant species, suited to these condition can be made from:- 1. Rauwolfia serpentina 2. Andrographis paniculata 3. Piper longum 4. Urginea indica 5. Mucuna pruriens 6. Tinospora cordifolia 7. Arbus precatorious curculigo orchioides 8. Gloriosa superba 9. Pogostomon patchouli etc. -14- Crop Planning Using Medicinal Plants Inter-cropping with agriculture crops. Inter-cropping enhance yield per unit area and the total income from the produce. Including commercially viable herbs with the cultivation of food crops has the potential to manifold the returns. Some of the viable options available are Mint-sugarcane, Ashwagandha-sugarcane, Safed Musli- rabi leguminous crops, pulse (lentil, chickpea and field pea) in Java citronella. Introduction of the cropping sequence Accommodation of Medicinal and Aromatic plant species in traditional rotations has a good scope to improve the farm income as bonus crop. Rice- Wheat cropping system is dominant in all the three agro climatic-zones. Introduction of mediculture and agriculture in the state is thus, expected to generate commensurate economic change in the state. Preliminary experiments reveal that cultivation of mint after the main rabi crops such as wheat, potato, tori, gram etc. is profitable and the area under the cultivation is extending. Some other mint based rotations are: 1. Paddy-potato mint 2. Paddy-mint 3. paddy-mustard-mint 4. Ocimum-potato-mint 5. Maize-potato-mint 6. Late paddy-pea-mint 7. Arhar-mint 8. Mint-methi and mint potato etc. Target Medicinal plant sector has witnessed a resurgence of interest during the past decade. The green produce and various product obtained from it are looked upon not only as a source of affordable health care, but also as important commodity items of national and international trade market. Productions, protection, quality, processing and marketing through value addition of harvested raw material are providing good avenues of self employment. The enormous opportunities of business get further diversified by use of plant derived molecules and compounds in pharmaceutical, cosmeceuticals, nutraceutical and agro-chemical industries. It is a very relevant and delivered that valuable species of medicinal plants are not only protected but also their scientific cultivation is taken up to meet the demand of domestic pharmaceuticals and also that of exports. The demand necessitates commercial cultivation of medicinal plants for better, uniform and bulk produce. The development strategies include collection and preservation by establishing herbal gardens, making available planting -15- material of valuable and largely consumed plant species and promoting their cultivation through area expansion programme. As per rough estimates, the state has an area of about 2600 ha of land put to commercial cultivation of medicinal plants. The uncultivable and cultivable wasteland will be brought under cultivation through this ambitious programme. The state is promoting demonstration seed production units in the rural area by giving assistance to farmers. The state is also promoting farm level processing units for medicinal and aromatic plants by giving assistance to the farmers, entrepreneurs, NGOs, KVKs, Cooperative societies. There is need to: (a) Collect and reuse plantations of different medicinal plant species which are suitable to the agro-climatic conditions of the state. (b) Propagation and multiplication of different medicinal and aromatic plants by seeds/ suckers/ grafting etc. for plantation/ cultivation in the farmer’s field. (c) Demonstrations of medicinal and plant species on farmers, Govt. farms to get the idea and confidence about their cultivation. Training of farmers for the cultivation in tune with latest technology, post harvest management and primary processing of medicine. 3.2 Address of Implementation Agency : State Level with Contact Address : Arvinder Singh. I.F.S. Mission Director State Horticulture Mission (Bihar Hort. Dev. Society) Barack No. - 13 Main Secretariat Complex Patna - 800015 Tele Fax. – 0612-2215215 Mob. – 9431818923 E-mail :
[email protected] 3.3 Salient Aspect of the annual action Plan :- • For the implementation of the Horticulture Mission in state a registered Society ( Bihar Horticulture Development Society) has been formed under Society Registration Act 21, 1860. • Board of Management consists of 13 members under the Chairmanship of APC/ Secretary, Agriculture Dept. -16- • Director Horticulture, Bihar notified as Mission Director/Mission Sect. of State Horticulture Mission. • Mission H.Q. situated in main secretariat complex at Patna. • The state has 38 Districts. • 23 Districts cover under National Horticulture Mission. • Rest 15 Districts are under Chief Minister Hort. Mission on same pattern of NHM. • Implementation of the scheme in different cluster selected with reference to their agro-climatic suitability for growing medicinal plants through farmers, Societies, NGOs, Growers, Association, Self-Help groups, State Institutions and other similar entities. Strategies to be followed • Though commercial cultivation option of the species of the Medicinal Plants are picking up the state but still a lot of efforts are required to observe the real impacts of their cultivation. Impetus in terms of planning, funding, production, processing and strong market linkage essential to harness the potentials of commercial production of medicinal plants. • Formal bio-partnership between certified farmers and Ayurvedic pharmaceutical companies need to be explored the arrangement should ensure farmers with a guaranteed market and I fixed fair price for their harvest, in exchange for exclusive rights to the produce as the sole buyer. • Other agencies like departments of forest, agriculture, health and family welfare can come together to offer technical market related and other input supply services to the various stake holders so that sector as a whole can grow and dependence on outside source for primary health care is minimized. Use of farmer interest groups for dissemination of technology and market information can also be explored in the state. • Organizing the growers, encouraged cultivation through the organized sector with linking the un organized farmers , and involved a pricing mechanism with buy back arrangement with partner industries under public private partnership (PPP) -17- 3. 4.1 Component wise particulars of fund released during the year 2008- 09 Sl. No. Component Fund released(Amt.in Lakh ) 1. Planting Material 40.00 2. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants 63.75 3. Mission Management 5.19 Total 108.94 3.4.1.1 In order to meet the future demand of Quality Planting Materials , ten small nurseries are in establishment process. Identified locations of these Small Nurseries ( 1 ha.) are listed below :- Sl. No. Agro- climatic zone Location / District Crops No. 1. Zone- I East Camparan Shatawa 01 2. Muzffarpur Sarpgandha , Anola 01 3. Samastipur Mixed nursery of medicinal plants 01 4. Zone- II Katihar Mixed nursery of medicinal plants 01 5. Zone- III (A&B) Rohtas Cynomonum spp. 01 6. Kaimur Buch 01 7. Patna Ghritkumari 01 8. Secretariat Nursery /H.Q. Mixed nursery of medicinal plants 01 9. Nawada Tulsi 01 10. Bhaglpur Kalmegh, Bael 01 TOTAL 10 • Fund released to District Mission Committee concerned for Nursery establishment. 3.4.1.2 Approved Action Plan for Cultivation of Medicinal Crops 2008- 09 Sl. No. Crops Physical Target /Ha. Financial Outlay /Fund released (in lakh) Remarks 1 Aloe vera / Ghritkumari 100 8.50 i.Farmers identified. ii .Buy- Back proposal for Stevia received from M/S , Stanpack pharma,Mumbai. 2 Andrographics paniculate / Kalmegh 100 5.00 3 Ocimum sanctum / Tulsi 100 6.00 4 Emblica offcinalis /Amla 100 13.00 5 Stevia rebaudiana 50 31.25 Total 450 63.75 -18- The Action Plan 2009-10 is based on the potential for development 0f medicinal plants in Bihar. Thirty eight districts selected and grouped in twenty two clusters. DETAIL ACTION PLAN 2009-10 This programmed is in addition to that has been sanctioned in 2008-09. It is requested to the NMPB, for revalidation of unspent balance for the year 2009-10. 3.4.1.3 Proposed Clusters and selected Medicinal Crop Matrix Sl. District/Cluster Identified Medicinal Plants 1. W.Champaran, E.Champaran, Samastipur, Darbhanga, Purnea, Katihar, Saharsa, Supaul, Madhubani, Rohtas, Bhojpur, Kaimur, Bhagalpur Buch 2 Rohtas, Bhojpur, Buxor, Kaimur, Patna, Nawada,Shekhpura, Aorangabad, Gaya, Jamui, Lakhisarai Ghrit kumari 3 Siwan, Saran, Sitamarhi, Muzffarpur, Vaishali, Gopalganj, Rohtas, Buxor, Kaimur, Nawada, Aurangabad Kalmegh 4 East & West Champaran, Saran, Muzffarpur, Vaishali, Samastipur, Begusrai Shatawar 5 Bhojpur, Patna Brahmi 6 Buxor, Gaya Punarnava 7 East Champaran, Muzffarpur, Vaishali, Samastipur, Begusarai Shwet musli 8 Samastpur, Gopalganj, Begusarai, Khgaria, Bhojpur, Buxor, Patna, Artemisia Nawada 9 Saran, Siwan, Rohtas, Buxor, Kaimur Amla 10 Rohtas, Buxor, Ga Gudmar 11 Samastipur, Begusarai, Khagria, Nawada, Buxor Tulsi 13 Purnea, Saharsa, Supol, Madhbani Pippli 14 Gopalganj, Patna, Nawada Stevia 15 Siwan, Saran, Nalanda, Nawada Ashwagandha 16 Rohtas, Buxor, Kaimur, Nawada, Aurangabad, Monger, Bhagalpur, Banka, Jamui, Lakhisarai Cynomonum spp. 17 Katihar, Saharsa, Rohtas, Buxor, Kaimur, Nalanda Patherchur -19- 18 Rohtas, Kaimur, Nawada, Gaya, Aurangabad, Munger, Bhagalpur, Banka, Jamuai, Lakhisarai Bael 19 East & West Champaran, Siwan, Saran, Sitamarhi, Muzffarpur, Madhubani, Darbhanga, Samastipur, Gopalganj, Rohtas, Buxor, Aurangabad, Gaya, Banka, Jamuai Sarpgandha 20 Nawada, Aurangabad, Gaya Chitrak 21 Siwan, Saran, Rohtas, Kaimur, Nawada, Shekhpura,Jehanabad, Aurangabad, Gaya, Jamuai, Banka Kalihari 22 Rohtas, Kaimur, Nawada, Aurangabad, Gaya, Banka,Jamuai Guggal 3.4.2 Establishment of Seed centre and Nurseries for supply of certified planting material : Cultivation of medicinal plants and eventual returns from such cultivation is largely dependent upon the quality of the planting material used. Among the inputs for higher production and productivity of crops, seeds and quality planting materials account for 20 to 30% of the potential productivity. A large number of diseases are spreading the nursery itself. Hence, healthy (disease free) planting material becomes a primary prerequisite and an essential component of establishment of new gardens in medicinal plants. In order to meet the demand of the quality planting materials for implementing the programmes of establishment of new gardens, it is proposed to establish a total of 20 including 2 model nurseries ( public ), 4 private model nurseries and 6 public small nurseries, 12 private small nurseries. Sl. No. / Particulars Rate of assistance (Rs.in lakh) Units / nos. Amount (Rs.in lakh) 1 . Model Nursery ( 4 ha ) Public 20.00 2 40.00 Private 10.00 4 40.00 2 Small Nursery ( 1 ha ) Public 4.00 6 24.00 Private 2.00 12 24.00 TOTAL 24 128.00 Sites proposed for establishment of medicinal plant gardens with nurseries. To meet the requirement of quality planting material for cultivation, Herbal garden with Nursery for Medicinal Plant will be established in Public sector and Private sector as follows : - Public Sector Sl No. Agro Climatic Name of Districts Model Nursery Small Nursery 1 Zone – I Saran, Vaishali, 01 01 - -20- 2 Zone – II Purnea Sahrasa Khagaria 01 01 01 3 Zone – III (A&B) Buxar Gaya Monger 01 01 01 - Total 02 06 Private Sector Sl. No. Agro-Climatic Zone Location / District Model Nursery (4ha.) Small Nursery (1ha.) 1 Zone – I To be identified 01 04 2 Zone – II -do- 01 04 3 Zone III (A&B) -do- 02 04 Total - do- 04 12 Specific Quality Planting Material will raised in each Model/ Small Nursery. A tentative list of plants listed below: A (1) (2) Model Nurseries Desri, Vaishali Kharagpur, Munger In situ and Ex-situ conservation/ resource augmentation of Rare, Endangered/ Threatened (RET) and prioritized species in high demand. Proposed List of Small Nurseries in Public Sector for 2009-10 B (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Small Nurseries Saran Purnea Saharsa Khagaria Buxar Gaya Mixed Nursery of Medicinal Plants Pippli Coleus species Mixed Nursery of Medicinal Plants Ashwagandha Gudmar, Chitrak * Medicinal Tree will be planted around the boundary of the nursery. Infrastructure available with state for planting material There is Two herbal garden and nursery established in the agricultural university and other is in Patna, in order to meet the medicinal plant requirement in the state, it is proposed to strengthen this facility to provide for the growing importance of the section on modern scientific lines. -21- It is good news for the farmers of Bihar that M/s Stanpack pharma, Navi Mumbai-400710, put forward their contract Farming Proposal for Stevia rebaudiana B and Artemisia annua Linn. Cultivation in the state. The industry also facilitated buy back agreement for the purchase of raw material (dry leaves) at the prefixed price Rs. 4000-5000/- Quintal of leaf, depends upon Steviol content i.e. calorie free sweetener for Diabetic patients. Artemisinin (a amorphane sesquiterpene) Compound are derived from a raw substances extracted by the Artemisia annua plants, which used in malaria. The Contract farming arrangement will play a great role in supply of quality planting material inputs and provision of technical support services along with better market access for their produce. 3.4.2 CULTIVATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS (Species-wise proposed area and Financial Outlays) Buch (Acorus calamus ) Common name -Sweet flag Parts used- Rhizome. A small aquatic or marshy herb, with tuberous fleshy, creeping, aromatic cylinctrical rhizome leaves linear strap shaped, thiclcened on vain. Bitter / pungent intaste. Used in Dyspepsia, Colic, Remittent fever, Caused depression in blood pressure epilepsy bronchilis and Respiration, Cough, Throat disorder, Chronic diarrhoea, flatulence and Calculi. It is nerve tonic and have demand in market. It is proposed to cultivate in 200 ha. in 2009-10. Aloe vera Aloe vera: Aloe vera is known as the Medicinal Aloe are widely usedin cosmetics and alternative medicine industries, being marketedas variously having rejuvenating, healing and soothing properties. The extracts of the plant may be useful in the treatment of diabetes and elevated blood lipids in human. Its cultivation will be profitable for farmers of the state. It is proposed to establish neu area of Ghrit Kumari is in area of 400 ha. during 2009-10. Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) An annual herb grows up to 50 cm in height, having slender quadrangular branches, leaves opposite, lanceolate, sub sessile, flowers small bluish white, numerous, whitish, fruits minute pointed capsules, seeds are many. The plant pacifies tridoshas, skin diseases, burning sensation, cough and bronchitis. Plant stimulates liver and purifies vitiated blood. Whole plant is used for medicinal purpose. An area of 200 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) during the year 2009-10. -22- Shatavar (Asparagus racemosus) Asparagus is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 100-150 cm tall, with stout larissa stems with much-branched feathery foliage. The ‘leaves’ are in fact needle-like cladodes (modified stems) in the axils of scale leaves; they are 6-32 mm long and 1 mm broad, and clustered 4-15 together. The flowers are bell-shaped, greenish-white to yellowish, 4.5-6.5 mm long, with six sepals partially fused together at the base; they are produced singly or in clusters of 2-3 in the junctions of the branch lets. It is usually dioeciously, with male and female flowers on separate plants, but sometimes hermaphrodite flowers are found. The fruit is a small red berry 6-10 mm diameter. Green asparagus is eaten worldwide, commonly with eggs in China and with beef in Britain. It is not considered a delicacy as it is very cheap and easy to obtain. This does not hold for white asparagus, see below. These are considered a popular but expensive May-June seasonal delicacy in northwest Europe, locally nicknamed “white gold”. Plants native to the western coasts of Europe (from northern Spain north to Ireland, Great Britain, and northwest Germany) are treated as Asparagus officinalis subsp. prostrates (Dumort.) Corb; distinguished by its low-growing, often prostrate stems growing to only 30-70 cm high, and shorter cladodes 2-18 mm long. Asparagus rhizomes and root is used ethnomedically to treat urinary tract infections, as well as kidney and bladder stones. Asparagus is also believed to have aphrodisiac properties (this belief is at least partially due to the phallic shape of the shoots). An area of 200 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Shatavar (Asparagus racemous) during the year 2009-10. Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) Bacopa monnieri is a perennial, creeping herb whose habitat includes wetlands and muddy shores. Common names include Coastal Waterhyssop and brahmi. But brahmi is also the Ayurvedic name given to Centella asiatica and other herbs, and while B. monnieri is often simply called “water hyssop” or “waterhyssop”, this actually can refer to any species of Bacopa. This plant is also sometimes called thyme-leafed gratiola. -23- This plant has a number of uses in Ayuurveda. It is traditional treatment for epilepsy and asthma. Laboratory studies on rats indicate that extracts of the plant improve memory capacity and motor learning ability. Studies in humans show that an extract of the plant has antianxiety effects. It is listed as a nootropic, a drug that enhances cognitive ability. In India, this plant has also been used traditionally to consecrate newborn babies in the belief that it will open the gateway of intelligence. Recent studies suggest bacopa may improve intellectual activity. It has antioxidant properties, reducing oxidation of fats in the bloodstream. It is proposed to establish new area of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) is in an area of 50 ha during the year of 2009-10. Shwet musli (Chlorophytam borivillianum) Parts used :- Fleshy Roots and Tubers Habit :- A small herb becomes cons picuous after rainy season; when it flowers Leaves are flat ribbonshaped and 15 inch long. Taste :- Tasteless. Chemical Constituents :– Roots Contain : Steroids, Resin, Phenolics, Tannins, Carbohydrates, Calcium, Magnessium and Potassium. Actions :- Cooling, Diuretic, Aphrodisiac, Tonic Used in :- Diarrhoea, Leucorrhoea, Dysentery, Gonorrhoea, Seminal debility and General debility. It is proposed to establish new area of Shwet musli is in an area of 100 ha during the year of 2009-10. Artemisia (Artemisia annua Linn) Wide spectrum uses of artemisinin will ensure(s) that it will remain a hot commodity to the drug manufacturers for next 20-30 years. Besides, A annua will remain the principal resource of artemisinin for at least 10-20 years. Short supply of artemisinin in the international market had delayed implementation of RBM and MDG programmes. In the mean time to check the short supply of artemisinin the only available option is to increase the production of artemisinin by superior A. annua cultivation. The Artemisia annua plants grow as a weed in Central Asia and Europe. Until recently artemisinin used to be produced by extraction of herbage harvested from the wild populations of A. annua growing in China and Vietnam. The rapidly increasing demand for artemisinin can only be met by cultivation of domesticated and improved varieties of A. annua. The most important characters which determine the yield of artemisinin in A. annua crop are the mass of the artemisinin bearing organs (leaves) and the average content of artemisinin in these organs. -24- The Artemisia crop fits very well in Indian farmer’s crop rotations. It is proposed to establish new area of Artemisia is in an area of 100 ha during the year of 2009-10. Amla (Emblica officinalis) The Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica, syn. Emblica officinalis) is a deciduous tree of the Euphorbiacea family. It is known for its edible fruit of the same name. Common names of this tree include amalaka in Sanskrit, amla in Hindi, amlaki in Bengali, and Amala in Nepal Bhasa. Other names for Indian gooseberry include nelli in Sinhala, nellikka in Malayalam, amlakhi in Assamese, usirikai in Telugu, and nellikkaai in Tamil, and Kannada as well as aonla, aola, ammalaki, dharty, aamvala, aawallaa, emblic, Emblic myrobalan, Malacca tree, nillika, and nellikya in various other languages. All parts of the plant are used in various Ayurvedic herbal preparations, including the fruit, seed, leaves, root, bark and flowers. According to Ayurveda, amla fruit is sour (amla) and astringent (kashaya) in taste (rasa), with sweet (madhura), bitter (tikta) and pungent (katu) secondary tastes (annurasas) Its qualities (gunas) are light (laghu) and dry (ruksha), the post-digestive effect (vipaka) is sweet (madhura), and its energy (virya) is cooling (shita). According to Ayurveda, amla is specific to pitta due to its sweet taste and cooling energy. However, amla is thought to blanace vata by virtue of its sour taste, and kapha due to its astringent taste and drying action. It may be used as a rasayana (rejuvenative) to promote longevity, and traditionally to enhance digestion (dipanapachana), treat constipation (anuloma), reduce fever (jvaraghna), purify the blood (raktaprasadana), reduce cough (kasahara), alleviate asthma (swasahara), strengthen the heart (hridaya), benefit of the eyes (chakshushya), stimulate hair growth (romasanjana), enliven the body (jivaniya), and enhance intellect (medhya). In Ayurvedic polyherbal formulations, Indian gooseberry is a common constituent, and most notably is the primary ingredient in an ancient herbal rasayana called Chyawanprash. This formula, which contains 43 herbal ingredients as well as clarified butter, sesame oil, sugar cane juice, and honey, was first mentioned in the Charaka Samhita as a premier rasayana or rejuvenative compound. It is proposed to establish new plantation of Amla in area of 400 ha during the year of 2009-10. -25- Gudmar (Gymnema sylvestris) Parts used :- Whole Plant. Description :- A large woody much branched extensive climber, pubescent; Leaves opposite, flowers small yellowish. Taste :- Bitter. Chemical Constitutents :- Leaves Contains : Gymnemic acid, Quercitol, Anthraquinon, Saponin, Calcium oxalate. Actions :- Astringent, Diuretic, Liver tonic, Cardiotonic and Uterintonic. Used in :- Diabetes, Cough, Asthma, Amenorrhoea, Increases insulin in blood and oxidized glucose. It is proposed to establish new plantation of Gudmar in area of 50 ha during the year of 2009-10. Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) An erect much branched undershrub, grows up to 1 m in height. Leaves are pale greenish in color, simple, opposite, elliptic, oblong, obtuse or acute, serreate, entire, pubescent on both sides. Petiole is slender and hairy. Flowers are purplish in elongate racemes. Fruits are nutlets, smooth, not mucilaginous when wet. The plant pacifies vitiated tridoshas, cough, asthma, bronchitis, fever, toxins, vomiting, lumbago, gastric distension, genitor-urinary diseases, ringworm, and skin diseases. The whole plant is medicinal. Essential oil derived from vagitative parts of the O. sanctum is costly. Very good scope for cultivation. An area of 900 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) during the year 2009-10. Pippli (Piper longum) Aromatic, stimulant, carminative, good for constipation, for gonorrhea, paralysis of the tongue, advised in diarrhea, cholera, scarlatina, Chronic Malaria, Viral hepatitis. Piper Longum is most commonly used to treat respiratory infectsion such as stomachache, bronchitis, diseases of the spleen, cough, tumors, and asthma. When applied topically, it soothes and relieves muscular pains and inflammation. In Ayurvedic Medicine, it is said to be a good rejuvenator. Piper Longum helps stimulate the appetite and it dispels gas from the intestines. An infusion of Piper Longum root is used after birth to induce the expulsion of the placenta. It is used as sedative in insomnia and epilepsy. Also as cholagogue in obstruction of bile duct and gall bladder. An area of 50 has is proposed to bring under the cultivation of Pippli (Piper longum) during the year 2009-10. -26- Madhukari (Stevia rebaudiana) Sterioside/steriol derived from dry leaf of slevia. It is completely natural product contains absolutely no calories. The leaves can be used in their natural form. Due to enormous sweetening only small quantity need to be use to Diabitic patient. Stable when heated 200 0 C. Non fermentive and flavor enhancing properties is ideal for sweetner. Farmers can get better profit incomprasion to other traditional crops. A buyback proposal for stevia dry leaves received from M/s Stenpack Pharma Mumbai. An area of 200 has is proposed to bring under the cultivation of Madhukari (Stevia rebaudiana) during the year 2009-10. Ashwagandha (Withenia somnifera) Parts used :- Roots, Leaves, Fruits, Seeds & Whole Plant. Description :- A small hairy under shrub, about 3-4 feet high branches are zigzag and clothed withstellate hairs stout, root flashy. Leaves simple cuneate, narrow at base and clothed with stellat hairs. Flowers in clusters, yellowish green, in axils. Fruits are berry enclosed with persistant calyx. Taste :- Bitter acrid. Chemical constitutents :- Root Contains :- Alkaloids (Somniferon) Withaminon, Wasamin, Sugars, Glycosides, Amino acids, Essentialoil, Withaniol, Hentriacontane Phytosterol & Oils; Leaves Contain :- Withanoloids Alkaloids, Glycosides, Glucose, Amino acids, Stem Contains : Proteins Fibres, Amino acids, Tannins, Flavonoids, Calcium and Iron. Actions :- Alternative, Aphrodisiac, Rejuvenator, Diuretic, Narcotic, Antipurgative, Tonic. Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antifungal, Antibacterial, alexipharmic, somniferous. Used in :- Roots-fever, painful swellings, Ulcer, Carbuncles, Neurological disorder, Respiratory System, Cardiovascular System, Gastric activity, Leucoderma Tuberculosis, Ricketsia, insomnia. An area of 200 ha. is proposed to bring under the cultivation of Pippli (Piper longum) during the year 2009-10. Cinnamon/Dalchini/Tejpat (Cinnamomum spp.) A small to medium sized evergreen tree grows up to 20 meters in height. Leaves simple, opposite, ovate-elliptic, acuminate and shiny with prominent veins. Flowers axillary in sub-terminal cymes, fruits ovoid berries, dark purple when ripe, containing single seed. -27- The plant pacifies vitiated vata, kapha, pain arthritis, cough, asthma, headache, dental caries, cardiac disorders, diarrhea, vomiting nausea, flatulence, fever and discoloration on face. The useful parts are its bark and oil. An area of 200 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Cinnamon/Dalchini/ Tejpat (Cinnamomum spp.) during the year 2009-10. Coleus Species (Patharchur etc.) Parts used :- Roots and Tender twigs. Description :- A small perennial, hairy herb, about 1-3 feet high with thick and fleshy leaves aromatic flowers light purple. Taste :- Bitter. Chemical Constituents :- Leaves Contains : Diterpene, Methylene- quinone, Couleon, Cyclobuta tucin, Roots Contain : Naphtho pyrone (Rocetin) and Dialdehyde, Avolatile oile carvacrol is also found. Actions :- Stomachic Digestive, Carminative, Diurtic, Spasmolytic, Anti calculii. Used in :- Cardiovascular ailment, Heart troubles, lowering flood pressure, Lymphcaytic leukemia; Extract of aerial parts: is spasmolytic, Extract of Roots: Hypotensive. Leaves : useful in polyuria, Thirst, flatulence, colic, Asthma, chronic cough, Epilepsy & urinary troubles. An area of 200 has is proposed to bring under the cultivation of Coleus spp. during the year 2009-10. Bael tree (Aeagle marmelos) Medium sized thorny deciduous tree grows up to 10 meters in height. Leaves trifoliate, aromatic, and alternate. Leaflets are ovate-lanceolate. Lateral leaflets are sub sessile and terminal long petioled. Flowers are greenish shite, found in axillary panicles. Fruits are globose woody berry with yellow pupl. Seeds are numerous, oblong and embedded in pulp. The Plant pacifies vitiated kapha, vata, body paid, poison, diarrhea, dysentery, vomiting and intermittent fever. Pulp of unripe fruit is constipating whereas that of ripened fruit is laxative. Leaves cure diabetes, cough, inflammation and asthma. Useful parts are leaves, root and fruits. An area of 200 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Bael tree (Aegle marmelos) during the year 2009-10. -28- Sarpgandha (Rauwolfia serpentina) Rauwolfia serpentine or ‘snakeroot’ is a species of flowring plant in the family Apocynaceae. The extract of the plant has also been used for millennia in India – it was reported that Mahatma Gandhi took it as a tranquilizer during his lifetime. The wood, commonly known as serpentwood, is mildly popular amongst woodcarving and woodturning hobbyists. This plant is used medicinally both in the Modern Western Medical system and also in Ayurveda. Unani and folk medicine. It helps to reduce blood pressure, depresses activity of central nervous system and acts as a hypnotic. Snakeroot depletes catecholamine and serotonin from nerves in central nervous system. Refined snakeroot has been used extensively in recent years to treat hypertension. It is used as an antidote to the bites of poisonous reptile like snakes. It is also used to treat dysentery and other painful affections of the intestinal canal. An area of 200 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Sarpgandha (Rauwolfia serpentina) during the year 2009-10. Chitrak (Plumbago zeylenica) Parts used :- Roots, Root bark and Leaves. Description :- A subscandent, perennial shrub 3-6 feet high, flowers white with glandular haris on calyxtube. Taste :- Acrid-Bitter. Chemical Constituents :- Plant Contains : Volatile oil, Chitranone, Alpha and Beta-Amyrin, Lupeol, Taraxasterol, Fructose, Glucose, Invertase, Protease, Chloroplumbagin, Droserone, Elliptinone, Zeylanone, Zeylinone, Meritone, Catechol, Tannin, Amino acid, Plumbagic acid, Roots Contain :- An acrid alkadoid Plumbagin. Actions :- Antibacterial, Antifungal, Digestive, Stomachic, Diphoretic, Antileprotic, Rejuvenator. Used in :- Indigestion, Flatulance, Fever, Leprosy, Anaemia, Piles, Diarrhoea, Dyspesia, Dermatitis, Cardiac Stimulant, Uterotonic, Appitizer, Hepato protective, Anticancer, Pruritus, Worms infestation. An area of 50 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Chitrak during the year 2009-10. -29- Kalihari (Glorisa superba) Parts used :- Rhizome and Root. Description :- A large annual glabrous herbaceous climber, Root stock tuberous, cylindrical bifurcated leaves tip ending in a tendril like spiral, Flowers beautiful perianth segment with wavy margin yellow to crimson. Taste :- Bitter, Acrid, pungent, Astringent. Chemical Constituents :- Rhizome Tubers Contain : Alkaloid Colchicine; Superbine, Gloriosine; Sitosterol, Glucosides, Benjoic acid and Resins. Actions :- Purgative, Cholagogue, Anthelmintic, Stomachic, Bitter Tonic, Antibiotic Abortifaciant, Febrifuge, Anti-inflammatory antileprotic. Used in: - Tuber is: Anthelmintic Abortifacient: Paste of Tuber is antidotal in snake bite, Root powder in : Fever, Rheymatism, Spleenomegaly, Tumours, Gonorrhoea, Erysiplalas, Sores, Siphilis; Extrract of whole plant is spasmolytic, useful in : Leprosy, Piles Ulcers, Colic & Swellings dermatitis. An area of 50 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Kalihari during the year 2009-10. Guggal (Commiphora wighti) Parts used :- Gum Resin Description :- A small tree with spinescent branches. Leaves trifoliate, crenate glaborous; Fruits are fleshy & globular. Taste :- Bitter Chemical Constituents :- Gum-Resin Contain : Sesamin, Steroids, Essentialoil; Guggul Sterol, Guguls steron, Myrcene, Dimercene, Polymercene and sugars, Flowers contain : Myrcaylcohol, Beta-sito sterol, Aminoacids, sugars, alpha-camphorene, Cembrene, Allyslembrol, Flavonoids and Ellagicacid. Seed oil : Linoleic acid, Oleic acid, Palmitic acid, stearic acid. Actions : Astringent, Expectorant, Aphrodisiac, Carminattive, Anti spasmodic Anti bacterial, Blood purifier, anthelminitc, anti- inflammatory, anodyne, diaphoretic. Used in :- Emmenagogue, Arthritis, Leprosy, Impotency, Liver disorders, Hemiplagia, Thyroid to enriched protein in blood Sterlity. Sciatica, neuralgia, scrophula reduces cholesterol and obesity. An area of 100 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Guggal during the year 2009-10. -30- 3.4.3 POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT In many South Asian countries, medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are playing an increasingly important role in the subsistence economy of rural people. The production, post harvest handling and marketing of MAPs have the potential to significantly contribute to the cash income of the rural poor, especially women. It is estimated that as high as 30% of the raw material reaching the manufacturers is of poor quality and is, therefore, rejected. Cultivation of medicinal plants, therefore, needs to be transportation. These facilities are essential for increasing the marketability of the medicinal plants, adding value to the produce, increasing profitability and reducing losses. Many opportunities exist to improve rural livelihoods by helping small-scale farmers organize to profitably produce MAPs on marginal lands in an environmentally farmers organize to profitably produce MAPs on marginal lands in an environmentally sustainable manner while maintaining the biodiversity of these natural products. Also, MAP-based micro-enterprises can provide new employment opportunities for the rural poor. Drying Yards :- Drying yards are necessary to accomplish the primary task of drying the products in hygienic conditions. In addition, cleaning and grading infrastructure is an essential activity to be linked to drying to increase the shelf life and the market price of the herbs. Since herbs have to be dried in shades, drying yards with shade net provision or facilities for low temperature drying will have to created. It is proposed to provide assistance for 22 drying yards in Public( SHGs / Co- operative ) sector. Sl. No. Particulars Rate of assistance (Rs. in Lakhs) Units (No.) Amount (Rs. in Lakh) 1. Drying Yards Public/SHGs Co-operatives etc. 5.00 22 110.00 Private 2.50 - - 2. Total :- 22 110.00 Storage godowns:- The storage godown is expected to receive produce from nearby drying yards. The storage godowns act as a link between drying yards and processing units. Storage godowns and drying yards have to be adequately ventilated and set up at strategic locations. The storage godowns and drying yards have to be located in such a manner that they are not very far from the farm lands and caters to the identified clusters of cultivation. It is proposed to provide assistance for 10 storage godowns in public sector. -31- Processing and Value Addition Processing unit: - Processing unit based on the medicinal plants grown in the clusters would have to be setup, some of which will be plant specific. The processing unit would preferably be set up with in the existing industrial estates, which have the necessary infrastructure of power, road network and linkages with rail/sea port. The Ayurvedic tradition is so well established in Bihar that we have many Ayurvedic industries manufacturing ayurvedic drugs. These units have to be supported step by step under Good Manufacturing Practices. It is proposed to provide one processing units in Private sector. Quality testing Lab :- For this component there is proposal for 2 Units and Rs .60 Lakhs are earmarked. Support for Quality Testing :- The quality testing of herbs/ medicinal plants produced by the growers is key to realization of remunerative prices. For this L.S. Rs.5 Lakh proposed. Market Promotion :- The programme for market promotion like media promotion, participation in exhibitions, trade fairs, hiring display facilities, melas etc project based but limited to 10 lakhs. Each cluster will be eligible for 50% assistance under market promotion for the herbs/raw material produced by the cluster. It is proposed to conduct 10 mela/trade fair/exhibitions Rs. 50 lakhs @ 5 lakhs per mela. Sl. No. Particulars Rate of assistance (Rs. in Lakhs) Units (No.) Amount (Rs. in Lakh) 1. Drying Yards Public/SHGs Co-operatives etc. 5.00 10 50.00 Private - - - 2. Total :- 10 50.00 Sl. No. Particulars Rate of assistance (Rs. in Lakhs) Units (No.) Amount (Rs. in Lakh) 1. Public - - - Private 50.00 01 50.00 Total :- 01 50.00 -32- Market Intelligence :- This includes collection, compilation and dissemination of market intelligence to growers. We would like to establish the most modern ‘electronic market intelligence system’ for which we intend to start a profile for each mandi of the state. The profile should include the general information regarding the administration, rail and road accessibility, location, quantity and type of commodities relating to medicinal plants handled, market functionaries, transactional methods like system of sale & payment, degree of transparency etc. Financial position of the mandi with respect to the annual income & expenditure will also be specified. A detailed location map of Ayurvedic hospitals, traders, manufacturers, cultivators shall also be included. It is proposed to set apart an amount of Rs. 10 lakhs for this component. Market Infrastructure: - Under this component herbal mandies will be set up at rural area as rural mandi. Considering these needs, it is proposed to provide 2 rural mandies . Buy back interventions:- The buy back interventions in the form of buyer- seller meetings, flexible and innovative marketing arrangements, creation of revolving fund at Cluster level for marketing of medicinal plants, and mobilization assistance to SHGs, cooperatives, producer companies could be provided under this component of the scheme. Considering these needs it is to provide Rs. 25.00 lacs only. Sl. No. Particulars Rate of assistance (Rs. in Lakhs) Units (No.) Amount (Rs. in Lakh) 1. Melas/ Trade fair/ Exhibitions 5.00 10 50.00 Total :- Sl. No. Particulars Rate of assistance (Rs. in Lakhs) Amount (Rs. in Lakh) 1. Market Intelligence Project based 10.00 Total :- 10.00 Sl. No. Particulars Rate of assistance (Rs. in Lakhs) Units (No.) Amount (Rs. in Lakh) 1. Rural mandies 10.00 2 20 2. State/ District level mandies - - - Total :- 2 20 -33- Organic/GAP certification :- Organic and GAP certification are the key to ensuring quality of the medicinal plants/ herbs and can secure benefits to farmers through better prices for their produce and to consumer by way of better quality of herbal/AYUSH products. The certification charges will preferably be done on a group basis to the limit of Rs. 5 lakhs for 50 ha of cultivation in groups/clusters. It is proposed to implement this component in an area of 100 ha. Certifying Agency need to identified. Crop Insurance :- Medicinal plants are a new activity under farming and therefore, farmers need to be covered with crop insurance. This Component seeks to provide assistance towards payment of 50% of the premium for particular crop. The premium and the details of the scheme will be finalized in consultation with Agriculture Insurance Company of India Ltd. It is proposed to earmark and amount of L.S. Rs. 5 lakhs for this component. A proposal will be sent to Agricultural Insurance Co. Management Support The State Horticulture Mission / Bihar Horticlture Development Socity, GoB is the chief implementing agency with the Mission Director at the State headquarters having technical staff at the District, Block to execute and monitor the programmes. Under Management Support the following allocation of fund is proposed for various activities for the year 2009-10. For this component, State and District level organizations implementing the programme including additional man power as well as expense for project preparation and other administrative expenses including hiring of transport, T.E, office expenses, hardware/software etc. is required for which and amount of Rs. 70.406 lakhs is earmarked. Sl. No. Particulars Rate of assistance (Rs. in Lakhs) Units (No.) Amount (Rs. in Lakh) 1. Organic / GAP certification 5.00 2 10 Total :- 2 10 Sl. No. Particulars Rate of assistance (Rs. in Lakhs) Units (No.) Amount (Rs. in Lakh) 1. Crop Insurance -34- Components (with physical targets and financial out lays) 2009-10 / Bihar Sl. No. Component Estimated Cost Physical Target (No./Ha. ) Financial Outlay (in lakh) 3.4.1 Nursery (a) Public sector 1.Model nursery (4ha.) 2000000.00 2 40.00 2. Small nursery (1ha.) 400000.00 06 24.00 (b) Private sector 1. Model nursery (4ha.) 2000000.00 4 40.00 2. Small nursery (ha.) 400000.00 12 24.00 TOTAL 128.00 3.4.2 Cultivation (Species –wise proposed area & financial outlays for different clusters). Plant eligible for 20% 1.Acorus calamus/Buch 65000/ha 200 26.00 2.Aloe vera/Ghrit kumari 42500/ha 400 34.00 3.Andrographis paniculata/Kalmegh 25000/ha 200 10.00 4.Asparagus recimosus/Shatawar 62500/ha 200 25.00 6.Bacopa monnieri /Centella asiatica (Brahmi) 40000/ha 50 4..00 7.Chlorophytam borivillianum/Shwet musli L.S. / Cost of cultivation not decided 100 62.50 8.Artemisia anua Linn. L.S. 100 12.50 9.Embelica officinalis/Amla 65000/ha 400 52.00 10.Gymnema sylvestris/Gudmar 25000/ha 50 2.50 11.Ocimum sanctum 30000/ha 900 54.00 12.Piper longum 62500/ha 50 6.25 13.Stevia rebaudiana /Madhukari 312500/ha 200 125.00 14.Withenia somnifera/Ashwagandha 25000/ha 200 10.00 15.Cynomonum species (Tejpat / Dalchini.) 77500/ha 200 31.00 16.Coleus species (Patharchur etc.) 43000/ha 200 17.20 SUB TOTAL 3450 471.95 Plant eligible for 50% subsidy 1.Aegle marmelos/Bael 40000/ha 200 40.00 2.Rauwolfia 62500/ha 200 62.50 -35- serpentine/Sarpgandha 3.Plumbago zeylenica L.S. 50 31.25 4.Glorisa superba/ Kalihari 137500/ha 50 34.375 SUB TOTAL 500 168.125 Plant eligible for 75% subsidy 1.Commiphora wighti/Guggal 160000/ha 100 120.00 SU TOTAL 120.00 Total of Cultivation 4050 760.075 POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT 3.4.3 (a) Storage/warehousing 5.00 lakh 10 50.00 (b)Drying/grading sheds 5.00 lakh 22 110.00 TOTAL 160.00 PROCESS &VALUE ADDITION (c)Processing units 200.00 lakh 01 50.00 (d)Quality testing lab. 100.00 lakh 02 60.00 (e)Support for quality testing 50% of testing charges max.Rs.5000/- L.S. 5.00 (f)Primary Distillation unit 5.00 lakh 100 125.00 TOTAL 240.00 3.4.4 Marketing (a)Market promotion 10.00 lakh 10 50.00 (b)Market intelligence P.B. 10.00 (c)Market infrastructure Rural Mandi-10 lakh District Mandi-200.00 lakh P.B-02. -00 20.00 - (d)By-back interventions including mobilization of SHGs/Cooperatives P.B 25.00 TOTAL 105.00 3.4.5 Certification and insurance (a) Organic/GAP certification 5 lakh for 50 ha. 02 10.00 (b) Crop insurance 50% of premium L.S. 5.00 TOTAL 15.00 SUB TOTAL 1408.12 3.5 MANAGEMENT SUPPORT Additional Manpower in HQ for the implementation of the programme 2008-09 & 09-10 for 11 months (June 09- March 10) Amount in Lakh Project Management 4.40 -36- Consultant (02) @ 20000 Per month fixed Data Entry Operator (02) @ 8000 per month 1.32 Assistant/ Cashier/ Accountant (03) @ 10000 per month 3.30 Medicinal Field Consultant (20) @ 8000 per month 8.80 Vehicle Hire Basis / POL etc. Photo copy operator(1)@ 5000/-Month 0.55 TOTAL 18.37 Within 5% of Managem ent Support I) State and District level organizations implementing the programme including additional manpower 5% of the annual expenditure on the basis of appraised need. 70.406 II) Project preparation cost and other administrative cost including hiring of transport E, office expenses hard ware/ soft ware etc. III) Other expenses including exposure visits with in the country and abroad P.B. GRAND TOTAL 1478.526 or 1478.53 Rs. Fourteen crore, Seventy eight lakh, fifty three thousand only. -37-