Benni Mini Workshop Manual 2013 Cap 1

2012Benni Mini Workshop Manual This workshop manual provides MY2012 Benni Mini model service information. 2013 Changan Automotive Co., Ltd. Copyright © Information up to Feb. 2013. Without written permission, any form of duplicate, storage or distribution (including, but not limited to, electronic copying, photocopying, scanning and recording) of any part of this manual is not allowed. This statement applies to all texts, figures and tables. 2012 Benni Mini Workshop Manaul Table of Contents GROUP 1 General Information 1.1 Service Information 2.4.2 Power Steering System ................ 2.4.2-1 2.4.3 Steering Linkage ........................... 2.4.3-1 2.4.4 Steering Column ........................... 2.4.4-1 1.1.1 General Information ......................1.1.1-1 1.1.2 Identification Codes ......................1.1.2-1 GROUP 3 Powertrain System 1.1.3 Traction and Lifting........................1.1.3-1 1.1.4 Maintenance Schedule .................1.1.4-1 1.1.5 Noise,Vibration and Harshness.....1.1.5-1 3.1 Engine 3.1.1 Engine-General Information.......... 3.1.1-1 3.1.2 Mechanical System....................... 3.1.2-1 GROUP 2 Chassis 2.1 Suspension System 2.1.1 Suspension System - General Information .............................................2.1.1-1 3.1.3 Lubrication System ....................... 3.1.3-1 3.1.4 Cooling System............................. 3.1.4-1 3.1.5 Intake System ............................... 3.1.5-1 3.1.6 Exhaust System............................ 3.1.6-1 3.1.7 Fuel System.................................. 3.1.7-1 2.1.2 Front Suspension ..........................2.1.2-1 3.1.8 Ignition System ............................. 3.1.8-1 2.1.3 Rear Suspension ..........................2.1.3-1 3.1.9 Starting System............................. 3.1.9-1 2.1.4 Wheels and Tires ..........................2.1.4-1 3.1.10 Charging System ...................... 3.1.10-1 3.1.11 Emission Control System.......... 3.1.11-1 2.2 Driveline System 2.2.1Driverline System - General Information ...................................... 2.2.1-1 2.2.2 Driveshaft ......................................2.2.2-1 2.2.3 Differential .....................................2.2.3-1 2.3 Brake System 2.3.1 Brake System - General Informa- .2.3.1-1 2.3.2 Rear Drum Brake ..........................2.3.2-1 2.3.3 Front Disc Brake ...........................2.3.3-1 2.3.4Parking Brake and Actuation .........2.3.4-1 2.3.5 Hydraulic Brake Actuation.............2.3.5-1 2.3.6 Power Brake Actuation .................2.3.6-1 2.3.7 Anti-lock Control............................2.3.7-1 3.1.12 Electronic Control System-M7 .. 3.1.12-1 3.1.13 Electronic Control System- ....... 3.1.13-1 3.2 Automatic Transmission/Transaxle 3.2.1 AMT- Automatic Transmission ...... 3.2.1-1 3.2.2 External Control of AMT-Automatic Transmission and Transaxle ......... 3.2.2-1 3.3 Manual Transmission/Transaxle/Cluth 3.3.1 Manual Transmission/ Transaxle/ Clutch.............................................. 3.3.1-1 3.3.2 Clutch..........................................3.3.2-1 3.3.3 Manual Transmission.................... 3.3.3-1 3.3.4 Manual Transmission/Transaxle External Controls ................................... 3.3.4-1 2.4 Steering System 2.4.1 Steering System - General Information ..................................... 2.4.1-1 Benni Mini 2013.01 GROUP 4 Electrical 4.1 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning 4.1.1 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning .......................................4.1.1-1 4.2 Supplemental Restraint System 4.2.1 Supplementary Restraint System ...4.2.1-1 4.3 Body Electrical System 4.3.1 Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination .......................................... 4.3.1-1 4.3.2 Instrument .................................... 4.3.2-1 4.3.3 Clock ............................................ 4.3.3-1 4.3.4 Horn.............................................. 4.3.4-1 4.3.5 Cigarette Lighter........................... 4.3.5-1 4.3.6 Information and Entertainment System ........................................... 4.3.6-1 4.3.7 Lighting System............................ 4.3.7-1 4.3.8 Wipers and Washers .................... 4.3.8-1 4.3.9 Power Rearview Mirror................. 4.3.9-1 4.3.10 Central Door Lock and Theft-Deterrent System ................................................ 4.3.10-1 4.3.11 Power Window...........................4.3.11-1 4.3.12 Defroster................................... 4.3.12-1 4.3.13Parking Aid System ................... 4.3.13-1 4.3.14 Body Control System................ 4.3.14-1 4.3.15 On-Board Network System....... 4.3.15-1 GROUP 5 Body 5.1 Body and Accessories 5.1.1 Front/Rear Windshield.................. 5.1.1-1 5.1.2 Door.............................................. 5.1.2-1 5.1.3 Seat .............................................. 5.1.3-1 5.1.4 Seat Belt....................................... 5.1.4-1 5.1.5 Rearview Mirror ............................ 5.1.5-1 5.1.6 Instrument Panel and Console ..... 5.1.6-1 5.1.7 Bumper......................................... 5.1.7-1 5.1.8 Handles, Locks and Latches ........ 5.1.8-1 5.1.9Interior Trim and Ornamentation ... 5.1.9-1 5.1.10Exterior Trim .............................. 5.1.10-1 Benni Mini 2013.01 5.2 Body Repairs 5.2.1 Body Repairs.................................5.2.1-1 ...................01 ..............................1....1 General Information .....................................................2-1 1...5-1 Benni Mimi 2013................................1............Vibration and Harshness ....... 1...................................1-1 1.....4-1 1........................1................1............4 Maintenance Schedule .................1 Service Information 1....1.2 Identification Codes .................. 1...............................................................................3 Traction and Lifting. 1.1.............................5 Noise... 1..........................1........... 1......GROUP 1 General Information SECTION TITLE Pages 1...........................1.3-1 1..............................................1.1.......... . ..........................Service Information 1............................................................................ Sealants and Adhesives ...............1..........4-1 Daily Maintenance ...................................1-14 Road/Roller Test .......5-7 How to Use The Diagnostic Procedures...........4-2 1.................................................................. 1.............................1...........................................................1.........1............................................................................ 1...............1................. 1............................ 1.........1.............. 1........................................1..........................1..............................................3-1 Lifting ................................1...................................5 Noise...................................................................................................1-2 Standard Workshop Practice .1.............. 1.................. 1...... 1......................1.................................. 1.... 1....................................................Vibration and Harshness Description and Operation ..........1.....................5-7 Benni Mini 2013................1...................................1.........4 Maintenance Schedule Description and Operation ................................................................................................................................ 1........................................................5-4 Vehicle Body................................................2 Identification Codes Description and Operation ... 1................ 1........................1.....2-2 1...... 1................................................2-1 Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)..........3-1 Jacking ......................1..................................................... 1.............. 1.................................................................................1....................................................... 1................................1.......................2-1 Nameplate .....1-1 Health and Safety Precautions .........1 General Information Description and Operation .......5-5 Diagnosis and Testing.............................................................................1..........1...........1 Service Information 2012 Benni Mini Table of Contents Pages 1............5-3 Noise and Vibration Caused by Intake and Exhaust System .... 1......................................................1............3-1 Traction..................4-1 Maintenance Items ................................................................... 1...................... 1.....................................................................................1.................... 1......................1-12 Solvents.......................................................................1..01 ...................1...................5-1 NVH Meaning in Automotive Engineering .............1-1 About This Manual...................... 1.................................5-1 Vibration Process Engineering ......3-2 1................................3 Traction and Lifting Description and Operation .............................1................. 1................................. 1............................................................................................ 1............................................................................................1.........................................5-1 Noise Type in Automotive Engineering........................1...1.................1......................1-14 1................................................................................1...............5-2 Noise and Vibration on Vehicle...................... 1.............5-7 Inspection and Verification...........................1..... ........................1......Service Information Noise Diagnostic Procedure ........................5-7 Benni Mini 2013..1............................01 ..................... The table of content of the manual can guide you to the section. As you read through this manual. Description and Operation. All left-hand and right-hand references to the engine are taken from a position at the flywheel looking towards the front camshaft pulley. Cautions and Notes in This Manual WARNING: Warnings are used to indicate that failure to follow a procedure correctly may result in personal injury.1-1 General Information 1. Ltd. Where possible. Only the original parts from Chana Automobile Co. Chassis. Introduction This manual has been written in a format to meet the needs of technicians. Following them will help assure reliability. functions and principles of the new systems. The component localtion view and the exploded view are also included in this section.. Ltd. general specifications (the contents that cannot be included in other specifications) and torque specifications. component specifications. The special tool(s) provided at the beginning of each procedure are the special tools required to carry out the repair. Special Tool This manual is structured into groups and sections. The information in the specification shall use the metrics except the torque (Imperial). All left . reliable operation on the vehicles as well as the personal safety.01 . DTC Diagnosis and Testing. Body and Wiring diagram.. The “new systems” refers to the systems that never used on the previous models of the manufacturer. The specifications mainly describe the material specifications. General Procedures The general procedures mainly introduce the general inspection operation steps of the system.1 General Information 1.1. Removal and Installation. This manual provides general descriptions for accomplishing service and repair work. Anyone who departs from the instructions provided in this manual must assure that the operation methods. Description and Operation The description and operation mainly describes the system components.hand and right-hand references to the vehicle are taken from a position sitting in the driver seat looking forward. Ltd. General Information. illustrations are provided to assist in identifying the special tool required. with specific system sections collected together under their relevant group. Benni Mini 2013. Symptom Diagnosis and Testing. Important Safety Instructions Specifications Appropriate service methods and correct repair procedures are essential for the safe. Warnings. Disassembly and Assembly. you will come across WARNINGS and CAUTIONS. Powertrain.1.. are manufactured according to the original factory standard. can be used in repair.1.1-1 Description and Operation How to Use the Manual About This Manual This manual covers the maintenace and repair service procedures. CAUTION: Cautions are used to indicate that failure to follow a procedure correctly may result in damage to the vehicle or repair tools being used. This manual can not possibly provide all such variations and advice or cautions as to each. The purpose of the brief introduction is to make the technicians get familiar with the functions and principles of the systems. Spare Parts The parts from Chana Automobile Co. General Procedures.1. The manual is divided into six groups. A group covers a specific portion of the vehicle. tools and components used neither cause personal injury nor break the vehicle integrity. Electrical. The special tools can be ordered from Chana Automobile Co. Each section has a regular structure: Specifications. produces a very hot gas (2. excluding the diagnosis and inspection using diagnostic tools.1. alphabetically.01 • Position the airbag vertically. Precautions necessary to avoid these hazards are identified. gloves and safety goggles must be worn during the handling process. The list is not exhaustive and all operations and procedures.forbidden operations: . gloves and goggles. Seek medical assistance if necessary. Airbag . Airbag DTC Diagnosis and Testing DTC diagnosis and testing refers to the diagnosis and testing for the component or system using diagnostic tools. Airbag . Wear suitable protective impervious apron. If directly contact with the generated gas. when ignited. symptom chart and symptom diagnosis procedures. and the handling of materials. After normal deployment.operations to be performed: Acid. This material is hermetically sealed in the module and is completely consumed during deployment. active test list and DTC diagnosis procedures. It covers the terminal list of the control module. Deployed airbags should be disposed of in a plastic bag in accordance with local regulations at an approved chemical waste site. If a gas generator is ruptured. data flow list. explosive observe No Smoking policy. noses.500°C). • Clean both hands when the expanded airbag is carried away. 1.1. The gas generant used in airbags is Sodium Azide. 2. 1. full protective clothing should be worn when dealing with the spillage. • Identify that all the testing devices have been correctly calibrated and maintained. No attempt should be made to open an airbag inflator as this will lead to the risk of exposure to Sodium Azide. • Electrolyte and cleaning material. Alkali and Metal • Caustic soda. should be carried out with health and safety in mind. Make sure access to eye wash bottles.1-2 Refer to: Chemical Materials. Flammable substance and the substance able to destroy ordinary protective clothing. Highly flammable. eyes. substances - Used as a safety restraint system mounted in the steering wheel and passenger side of the console. The contents include inspection and verification (visual inspection chart). Avoid splashing such substances to the skin. The symptom diagnosis and testing section describes the diagnosis and inspection for the symptom that can not be judged from the visual inspection only. • The sealed side of the airbag should be placed upwards. • Keep the airbag dry. some of these hazardous operations and the materials and equipment associated with them. • Stand beside the airbag when connecting it. Do not breath mists. thoroughly wash the site (affected area) with water. throats and clothes. Before using any product the Materials Safety Data Sheet supplied by the manufacturer or supplier should be consulted. This subsection lists. The inflator contains a high-energetic propellant which. • Carefully inspect whether the airbag is damaged.1. eyes and clothes. DTC code list. Health and Safety Precautions Introduction Many of the procedures associated with vehicle maintenance and repair involve physical hazards or other risks to health. Benni Mini 2013. sulphuric acid. • Irritable and corrosive substances to skins.1-2 General Information Symptom Diagnosis and Testing Place “Eye Hazard” sign. • The unsealed side shall be toward the human body in transportation. shower and soap are readily available for splashing accidents. 1. Generally should be stored in No Smoking areas. • Do not use the electricity meter probe on the airbag circuit. Skin contact with uncured resins and hardeners can result in irritation. Seek medical assistance if necessary. Many are irritant. Skin and eye contact should be avoided and the manufacturers instructions followed. • Do not place the gas generator near open fire or heat source. 3.1-3 General Information • Do not place the inflammable substance or gas generator together with the airbag. Splashes can damage the eyes.forbidden items: 1. Skin contact may result in frostbite. • Avoid the frost on the air conditioning refrigerant bottle. dermatitis. Some are eye irritants. Skin and eye contact should be avoided and adequate ventilation provided during use. The filling opening should be downwards. 4. as harmful or toxic volatile chemicals may be released. Provide adequate ventilation and avoid skin and eye contact.1. • Do not use the damaged airbag. Air Conditioning Refrigerant Refer to: Chemical Materials. immediately flush the affected areas with water. for example Epoxide and Formaldehyde Resin-based Mixing should be carried out in well ventilated areas. such as fluorine R12 and R134a. • Do not touch the airbag and the gas generator within ten min after they are burnt. • Do not put any object on the airbag. wear suitable protective gloves and goggles. • Do not open the gas generator case. • Never put the filling bottle vertically when filling. including secondary containers.01 . Anaerobic Cyanoacrylate and other Acrylic Adhesives • Do not discharge the air conditioning refrigerant in the atmosphere in any circumstance. If refrigerant comes into contact with the skin or eyes. 5.observe No Smoking policy. • The storage temperature of generator shall not exceed 80°C.1-3 Adhesive and Sealant Refer to: Chemical Materials. Instructions given by the manufacturer must be followed. containers. Hot Melt Adhesives In the solid state. Highly flammable substance . Water-based Adhesives/Sealers Those based on polymer emulsions and rubber latexes may contain small amounts of volatile toxic and harmful chemicals. • Do not expose the air conditioning refrigerant in the sunshine or heat it. Air conditioning refrigerant . they are safe.1. Resin-based Adhesives/Sealers. In the molten state they may cause burns and health hazards may arise from the inhalation of toxic fumes. should be dispensed from applicators where possible. • Avoid the dropping of the air conditioning refrigerant bottle. Benni Mini 2013. 2. for example disposable paper covering benches. Avoid naked lights. 1. Use appropriate protective clothing and a thermostatically controlled heater with a thermal cut-out and adequate extraction. Cleanliness and tidiness in use should be observed. gas • The airbag can not be reversed. Highly flammable substance .observe No Smoking policy. and absorption of toxic or harmful chemicals through the skin. should be labeled appropriately. • Do not use the mixed refrigerant. sensitizing or harmful to the skin and respiratory tract. Solvent-based Adhesives/Sealers Follow manufacturer instructions. Eyes should also be rinsed with an appropriate irrigation solution and should not be rubbed. resin foam. Replace the severely polluted clothes and clean them. 1. Long term exposure to the chemical material may affect the health to different extents. the harmful steam can not be inhaled at normal temperature.01 - • Highly flammable. Be careful when using and storing the material. Use in well ventilated areas as vapors can cause irritation to the nose and eyes. flammable. antifreeze. Individuals suffering from asthma or respiratory allergies should not work with or near these materials as sensitivity reactions can occur. Long term exposure to vapor concentrations may result in adverse health effects. Slight irritability may be caused if the braking fluid is splashed on skin and eyes. 1. For example isopropanol. Over exposure is irritating to the eyes and respiratory system. Brake Fluid Refer to: Fire Prevention. Used in vehicle coolant systems and screenwash solutions. eye and respiratory protection. Drinking the antifreeze may cause the death. harmful.1. Any spraying should preferably be carried out in exhaust ventilated booths. cover with a clean moist pad and seek immediate medical attention. Splashes entering the eye will cause discomfort and possible damage. oil and grease. The released gas will cause explosion when charging the battery. removing vapors and spray droplets from the breathing zone. Do not use the open fire or the spark when charging the battery. Antifreeze Refer to: Fire.1. If skin or eye tissue is bonded. adhesive. The chemical materials include solvent. seek immediate medical assistance. Do not touch the injured area with hands. Prolonged contact with the skin may have a defeating effect which may lead to skin irritation and in some cases. Wear appropriate gloves. electrolyte.1-4 . The antifreeze will generate the steam when heated. dermatitis. 6. braking fluid. Benni Mini 2013. Avoid the braking fluid touching skin and eyes. In extreme cases. Electrolyte Refer to: Acid and Alkali Metal.1. Excessive concentrations may produce effects on the nervous system including drowsiness. and has corrosive irritability and are inflammable and will generate some harmful gas and dust. Chemical Materials Refer to: Legal Aspect. methanol. loss of consciousness may result. Ensure good ventilation. Do not use any of such substances in the cooling or industrial water use system related to the food manufacturing or drinking system. Braze Welding Refer to: Welding. Avoid inhaling such gas. ethylene glycol. combustible. They may be noxious.1-4 General Information Cyanoacrylate adhesives must not contact the skin or eyes. sealer. • Clean the skin and clothes if being polluted by the chemical material. Chemical Material performed: operations to be Read the labels on the dangerous article container and the corresponding promotion information and instruction carefully to obtain the relevant safety information. Solvent. Because the steam pressure is low. Isocyanate Sealers (Polyurethane) Adhesives/ Refer to: Resin-based Adhesives. fuel. paint. The safety and health data table of the substance can be obtained from the manufacturer. The antifreeze or other harmful materials may enter into the human body through the skin. Anti-corrosion Material Refer to: Solvent and Fire Prevention. Electric Shock Electric shock can result from the use of faulty electrical equipment or from the misuse of equipment in good condition. • Do not put the container open. Faulty equipment should be labeled and preferably removed from the workstation. some chemical materials are combustible. These materials are varied and the manufacturers instructions must be followed. cables. Avoid inhaling the ash of the powder chemical material or other ashes.01 . or the hands or clothes will absorb some noxious and harmful gas through the skin. Cutting Refer to: Welding. acid mist. Dewaxing Refer to: Solvent and Fuel (Kerosene).1-5 • Do not store other articles with the empty tank used to store the chemical material without the special treatment. and some substance will release the noxious or harmful gas when burnt. Make sure that flexes. Fine dusts of combustible material can present an explosion hazard.1. and also stimulate the skin to catch dermatitis. • Do not smell the chemical material. and wear the protective clothes to avoid the substance polluting skin and eyes and inhaling the harmful gas. • The chemical material shall be managed and stored strictly in accordance with the national and local regulation. Make sure that Benni Mini 2013. cut. • o not heat or burn the chemical materials arbitrarily without following the manufacturer instruction. resins or petroleum products. cracked or otherwise damaged.1. Avoid explosive limits and sources of ignition. • Do not wash hands or clothes with the chemical materials.observe No Smoking policy. Chemical material . etc. Wear respiratory protection if ventilation is inadequate. Clutch Oil Refer to: Brake Fluid. dusts or clouds may be irritant. • Do not transport the chemical materials with the container without label. Make sure that electrical equipment is maintained in good condition and frequently tested. plugs and sockets are not frayed. kinked. Make sure that electrical equipment and flexes do not come into contact with water. Do not spray the chemical material in the narrow space with person in the automobile. the noxious and harmful gas will be released or the explosion may occur. and avoid the combustion and explosion caused by such substance. Dust Powder. dust and smog. They should only be sprayed in conditions of adequate ventilation and not in confined spaces. harmful or toxic to the skin.1. 1. 2. especially to spray the solvent chemicals. Mixing some chemical materials will generate the harmful substance.1-5 • General Information Compile the operation instructions. The chemical materials. the gas emitted in the container may be toxic to the human body or cause the explosion. They may contain solvents.forbidden operations: • • Do not mix the chemical material arbitrarily without following the manufacturer instructions. The sudden gases of high concentration will cause the poisoning or the injury. Skin and eye contact should be avoided. especially the solvent and fuel will make the skin dry. • Keep the materials away from the children. • Keep the working area clean and tidy without leakage. • Wash hands immediately after touching the substance. Some gas lighter than air will accumulate in the small section. Highly flammable substance . or histories of allergic diseases should not work in or near uncured materials. • Seek medical assistance. consult a doctor. Wear gloves and goggles. asthma. The results could be fatal. This is usually a physical and not a chemical effect. Noise Insulation Fiber Refer to: Dust. The fibrous nature of surfaces and cut edges can cause skin irritation. Do not induce vomiting unless this action is indicated on the label. In case of cold burns. vapors or spray mists can cause direct irritation. using dry non-conductive material. Observe strict fire safety when storing and handling flammable substances or solvents. Engine Oil Refer to: Lubricants and Grease. lead and aromatic hydrocarbons. from alternative fuels. particularly near electrical equipment or welding processes.1. consult a doctor giving him the information on the container or label. • If this is not possible push or drag the victim from the source of electricity. Make sure that the cables of mobile electrical equipment cannot get trapped and damaged. 1. sensitivity reactions and may be toxic or harmful. Foam and Legal Many of the materials found on or associated with the repair of vehicles are highly flammable. Engines should be run only under conditions of adequate exhaust extraction or general ventilation and not in confined spaces. Precautions should be taken to avoid excessive skin contact through careful organization of work practices and the use of gloves. Follow manufacturers instructions. If effects persist. before using electrical or welding equipment. Some give off toxic or harmful fumes if burnt. Never misuse electrical equipment and never use equipment that is in any way faulty.1-6 General Information electrical equipment is protected by the correct rated fuse. These may be immediate or delayed. Have a suitable fire extinguisher available when using welding or heating equipment.1. Individuals with chronic respiratory diseases. Individuals affected by inhalation of gases and fumes should be removed to fresh air immediately. The components. Unreacted components are irritating and may be harmful to the skin and eyes. Splashes in the eye should be flushed carefully with clean water for at least ten minutes. Make sure that the designated electrical workers are trained in basic First Aid. If liquids are swallowed inadvertently. place affected area in cool to cold water. that there is no fire hazard present. Soiled skin should be washed with soap and water.01 . harmful and toxic chemicals and particles such as carbon oxides. Exhaust Gas Exhaust gas contains asphyxiating.1-6 Fire Prevention Refer to: Aspect. First Aid Apart from meeting any legal requirements it is desirable for someone in the workshop to be trained in First Aid procedures. In cases of electric shock: • Switch off the power supply before approaching the victim. bronchial medical problems. Vapors and spray mists must not be inhaled. nitrogen oxides. • Commence resuscitation if trained to do so. such as in a vehicle hoist. Make sure. Foams-Polyurethane Refer to: Fire Prevention. Welding.1. Cured foams used in seat and trim cushioning. aldehydes. These materials must be applied with adequate Benni Mini 2013. Used in noise and sound insulation. Used in sound and noise insulation. Gasoline (petrol) Engine There may not be adequate warning of odor or of irritation before toxic or harmful effects arise. Fuel gases. Irritation of the mouth and throat may result from swallowing. Damage caused by overloading is not always immediately Benni Mini 2013. if the gasoline is absorbed by the stomach. should not be stored in close proximity to oxygen cylinders.01 . jacks. The gasoline entering into eyes will cause blindness. General Tool and Equipment It is essential that all tools and equipments are maintained in good condition and that the correct safety equipment is used where required. naked flames or the use of electrical equipment during foaming operations and until vapors/mists have cleared should not be allowed. Splashes in the eye may be slightly irritating. Keep the fuel away from the skin. Wash with the clean water and the soap if touching. Care should be exercised to prevent leaks from gas cylinders and lines. and protected from ice and snow. Used also as heating fuel. Gasoline Highly flammable substance .1. nose and throat and make person vomit. Liquid contact dries the skin and can cause irritation or dermatitis.observe No Smoking policy. acetylene. The damage to human respiratory system due to the gasoline leakage must be strictly avoided. The gasoline shall be transported or used in the places of air circulation. In normal circumstances the low volatility does not give rise to harmful vapors. The contents of each cylinder should be clearly identified by appropriate markings. axle and chassis stands or lifting slings. The gasoline concentration must be very low. inhaling the benzene is toxic to person. A small quantity of gasoline will cause the death of the child. Never overload equipment such as hoists. it will cause sleepiness and unconsciousness. Refrigerant Refer to: Air-Conditioning Refrigerant Fuel Refer to: Fire. Smoking. for example acetylene and propane. argon and propane are normally stored in cylinders at pressures of up to 138 bar. Any heat cutting of cured foams or partially cured foams should be conducted with extraction ventilation. Kerosene (Paraffin) Burning of the uncured components and the cured foams can generate toxic and harmful fumes.1-7 ventilation and respiratory protection. Do not remove the respirator immediately after spraying. Gas Refer to: High Pressure Gas Cylinder. Contacting the gasoline for a long time will make the person skin dry and have the strong irritability. solvent and cleaning agent.1.1-7 General Information 1. Gases such as oxygen. Avoid skin and eye contact and make sure there is adequate ventilation. and to avoid sources of ignition. Great care should be taken in handling these cylinders to avoid mechanical damage to them or to the valve gear attached. Cylinders should be stored in well-ventilated enclosures. the excessively high concentration will stimulate person eyes. Exposure to mists and vapors from kerosene at elevated temperature should be avoided (mists may arise in dewaxing).observe No Smoking policy. High Pressure Gas Cylinder Refer to: Fire Prevention. even make person lose consciousness. Swallowing the gasoline will stimulate mouth and throat. For the cleaning and maintenance of gasoline storage. A great amount of benzene is contained in the gasoline. the severe damage will be caused. wait until the vapors/mists have cleared. When the inhaled fluid reaches the lung. The gasoline can not be used as the cleaning agent and also can not be siphoned with mouth. Solvent and Legal Aspect. or direct sunlight.1. dizziness and dyspnea chest discomfort. Flammable substance . there must have special preventive measures. Never use tools or equipments for any purpose other than that for which they were designed. which may cause skin cancer. contact the relevant local authority for advice on disposal facilities. down sewers or drains. • Wear the protective clothes. Lubricant and Grease Avoid all prolonged and repeated contact with mineral oil. go to hospital immediately. particularly at joints and unions. Always keep high-pressure equipment in good condition. Used oil Prolonged and repeated contact with mineral oil will result in the removal of natural fats from the skin. Health Precautions: • Avoid long contact with the oil. For a safe working environment and to avoid environmental pollution. kerosene.01 3. especially the engine oil. irritation and dermatitis. A damaged grinding wheel can disintegrate without warning and cause serious injury. and cause serious injury. All lubricants and greases may be irritating to the eyes and skin. • Do not wear the clothes and shoes seriously stained with oil. • Wear the goggles if the oil may cause damage to eyes. technicians should be familiar. • If the skin is abnormal. Wear suitable eye protection when using grinding. Make sure there is adequate ventilation to control dusts. working with asbestos-based materials or using spraying equipment.1. Legal Aspect There are many laws and regulations relating to health and safety in the use and disposal of materials and equipment in a workshop.1. If in doubt check with the appropriate local authority and manufacturer of approved appliances.1. 1. with many health and safety laws and regulations within their country. Wash the protective clothes regularly. Do not use damaged or defective tools or equipment. including the gloves. or to the waste oil reclamation trade. diluents and solvent. chiseling or sand blasting equipment. at the skin as the fluid may penetrate to the underlying tissue. diesel oil.1-8 apparent and may result in a fatal failure the next time that the equipment is used. Environmental Precautions Burning used engine oil can be recommended only for units of approved design. Adequate Benni Mini 2013. for example diesel injector. High Pressure Air. leading to dryness. 2. means of skin protection and washing facilities must be provided. in detail. Do not wash the skin with gasoline. • Do not put the wiping cloth with oil stains in the pocket. In addition. Dispose of used oil and used oil filters through authorized waste disposal contractors or licensed waste disposal sites. • Avoid the oil polluting the clothes.1-8 General Information 1. Do not employ used engine oils as lubricants or for any application where appreciable skin contact is likely to occur. • Perform the first aid immediately when injured. If in doubt. and regularly maintained. • Protect hands with the protective cream before working. Wear a suitable breathing mask when using abrasive blasting equipment. mists and fumes. Lubrication and Oil Test Equipment Refer to: Lubricants and Grease. It is illegal to pour used oil on to the ground. or into watercourses. particularly high-speed equipment such as grinding wheels. • Degrease the oil first if possible. . • Wash with the soap and the clear water. Never direct a high-pressure nozzle. used engine oil contains potentially harmful contaminants. Fuel and Fire Prevention.01 . Never work under an unsupported. Multicomponent Can contain harmful and toxic unreacted resins and resin hardening agents. Splashes in the eye may cause severe irritation and could lead to loss of vision. driers and other components as well as solvents. Used in cleaning and dewaxing materials. There is always a danger when loads are lifted or suspended. The manufacturer instructions should be followed. in time. unconsciousness. Benni Mini 2013. suitable ear protection must be worn. Highly flammable. coatings. for which there might not be adequate warning indications. eyes and clothing. Avoid splashes to the skin. substance - 1. Some may be highly flammable or flammable. trichloroethane. Sound Insulation Material Solvent Refer to: Chemical Materials. plastics. 2. can cause more serious toxic or harmful effects. Solder spillage and Suspended Load Do not apply heat or flame except under specific and detailed manufacturers instructions. Solders are mixtures of metals such that the melting point of the mixture is below that of the constituent metals (normally lead and tin). dizziness. Refer to: Foam.1-9 General Information Noise 1. Make sure there is good ventilation when in use. Solder For example acetone. drowsiness. WARNING: Never improvise lifting tackle. Solder application does not normally give rise to toxic lead fumes in welding. Lubricants and Oil Test Equipment. Pressure Equipment Refer to: High Pressure Gas. filings should be collected and removed promptly to prevent general air contamination by lead. In these cases. which could. damage hearing. Oxy-acetylene flames should not be used. goggles and clothing if necessary. xylene. Repeated or prolonged exposure to excessive but lower concentrations of vapors or mists. Spraying should preferably be carried out in exhausted ventilated booths far from the crowds. Individuals working in booths should wear appropriate respiratory protection. Avoid ingestion of lead or inhalation of solder dust. as they are much hotter and will cause lead fumes to be produced. Respiratory protection may be necessary. use extraction ventilation or personal respiratory protection in the absence of adequate general ventilation. Removal of excess solder should be undertaken with care. white spirit. Coating Refer to: Oil and Chemical Material. adhesive.1-9 Some operations may produce high noise levels. and inhalation of these should be avoided. to make sure that fine lead dust is not produced. Refer to: Resin-based Adhesives. toluene. Some fumes may be produced by the application of any flame to surfaces coated with grease. for example paints. headaches and. avoid breathing fumes. which can give toxic effects if inhaled. resins and thinners. Do not use in confined spaces. Skin contact will degrease the skin and may result in irritation and dermatitis following repeated or prolonged contact. for example a suspended engine.1. Some can be absorbed through the skin in toxic or harmful quantities. Spraying should be carried out only with adequate ventilation. Wear protective gloves. Monocomponent Can contain harmful or toxic pigments. paints. flammable observe No Smoking policy. Insulation Fiber.1. Brief exposure of high concentrations of vapors or mists will cause eye and throat irritation. When spraying materials containing solvents. suspended or raised load. in the worst circumstances.1. vapors and spray mists and keep containers tightly sealed. but such fumes and gases may be produced from coatings on the work. Inhalation of the fumes should be avoided. and skin burns to the operator and to other persons nearby. The most commonly found decals are reproduced below together with an explanation of the warnings. which have contained combustible materials.1. The process itself produces few toxic fumes. and screens used to shield other people. Contact lens wearers are advised to revert to ordinary spectacles when arc welding as the arc spectrum is believed to emit microwaves which dry out the fluid between the lens and the eye. In extreme cases or confined spaces where adequate ventilation cannot be provided. Special precautions must be taken before any welding or cutting takes place on vessels. even result in blindness. The heat of the welding arc will produce fumes and gases from the metals being welded. and lighter filters may be used. The process will produce metal spatter and eye and skin protection is necessary. 1.1-10 3. The use of extraction ventilation to remove the fumes from the working area may be necessary particularly in cases where the general ventilation is poor. and special care must be taken to prevent leakage of these gases. Welding Refer to: Fire Prevention. airfed respirators may be necessary. particularly during cutting away of damaged body parts. 1. . Personal protection must be worn. Components or assemblies displaying the caution triangle and open book symbol advise consultation of the relevant section of the owner literature before touching or attempting adjustments of any kind. In this event particular care must be taken to avoid inhalation of fumes and expert advice may be required.1. axle stands and slings are adequate and suitable for the job. Warning Symbols on Vehicle Decals showing warning symbols will be found on various vehicle components. Electric Shock and High Pressure Gas Cylinder. Gas Welding (Gas Cutting) Oxy acetylene torches may be used for welding and cutting. but the ultra-violet emission is much less than that from arc welding.01 1. Underseal Refer to: Anti-corrosion Material. for example boiling or steaming out of fuel tanks. and the eyes and skin must be protected. the rods and from any applied coatings or contamination on the surfaces being worked on. and a severe hazard may arise if brazing rods containing cadmium are used. Benni Mini 2013. Arc Welding This process emits a high level of ultra-violet radiation. In brazing.1-10 General Information Always make sure that lifting equipment such as jacks. which may cause arc-eye. hoists. toxic fumes may be produced from the metals in the brazing rod.1. These decals must not be removed. with consequent risk of fire and explosion. and eye protection should be used. Resistance Welding This process may cause particles of molten metal to be emitted at a high velocity. or where considerable welding work is anticipated. The flame is bright. Metal spatter will also occur. Gas-shielded welding processes are particularly hazardous in this respect. The welding procedures include (resistance welding) spot welding. 2. The warnings are for the attention of owners/operators and persons carrying out service or repair operations on the vehicle. in good condition and regularly maintained. arc welding and gas welding. These gases and fumes may be toxic and inhalation of these should be avoided. and appropriate eye and skin protection is necessary. Components or assemblies displaying the warning triangle with the “electrified” arrow and open book symbol give warning of inherent high voltages. Never touch these with the engine running or the ignition switched on. Displaying this symbol warn that children should not be allowed in the immediate vicinity unsupervised.1. Displaying the caution circle with a deleted lighted match symbol.1. A1101001 2. A1101005 6.1. A1101004 5.01 . Vehicles and replacement components which contain asbestos are identified by this symbol. Displaying this symbol (normally in conjunction with 5 above) warn of the presence of potentially explosive matter within the immediate vicinity.1-11 4.1-11 General Information 1. A1101002 3. Refer to: Acid and Alkali Metals. caution against the use of naked lights or flames within the immediate vicinity due to the presence of highly flammable or explosive liquids or vapors. Refer to: Electric Shock. A1101003 A1101006 Benni Mini 2013. Refer to: Fire Prevention. In such an instance. or an extraction hose to remove exhaust fumes. Failure to follow these instructions may result in personal injury. • Remove the ignition key before starting work in front of the vehicle. When towing is necessary. Alternatively the vehicle can be transported on a low loader or a trailer. Failure to follow these instructions may result in personal injury. • If the engine is to be run. WARNING: A discharged battery condition may have been caused by an electrical short circuit. the ignition switch must be in position ACC (steering lock released and hazard warning lamps illuminated). If using welding equipment on the vehicle.If this condition exists there will be an apparently live circuit on the vehicle even when all normal circuits are switched off. has a left-hand thread and must be fully tightened before towing can commence. • The battery is disconnected if working on the engine. Only then will the turn signal lamps. Heavy duty cables must be used.1. always disconnect the generator wiring to prevent the possibility of a surge of current causing damage to the internal components of the generator. WARNING: While it is not recommended that the vehicle is jump started. the drive wheels must be lifted clear off the ground.01 1. the vehicle towing eyes should be used. When a vehicle with automatic transmission is towed. if necessary. WARNING: When electric arc welding on a vehicle. • There is adequate room to raise the vehicle and remove the wheels. • Always make sure that the slave battery is of the same voltage as the vehicle . a suitable fire extinguisher is readily available. This can cause arcing when the jumper cables are connected. Standard Workshop Practice Vehicle in Workshop When working on a vehicle in the workshop always make sure that: • The parking brake is applied or the wheels are securely chocked to prevent the vehicle moving forwards or backwards. Benni Mini 2013. there is adequate ventilation. or if the vehicle is raised.1-12 General Information White Spirit Refer to: Solvent. Towing the Vehicle WARNING: When the vehicle is being towed. horn and brake lamps be operational. The rope must be securely fastened to the towing eyes and must also be attached to the other vehicle such that the rope will not foul the bodywork. Connecting a Slave Battery Using Jumper Cables WARNING: If the slave battery has recently been charged and is gassing. underneath the vehicle.1. • Fender covers are always fitted if any work is to be carried out in the engine compartment. it is recognized that this may occasionally be the only practical way to mobilize a vehicle. Never tow a vehicle with automatic transmission at a speed greater than 50 km/h or for a distance greater than 50 km.1-12 CAUTION: The removable towing eye (if equipped). • Always make sure that the jumper cables are adequate for the task. cover the vent plugs or covers with a damp cloth to reduce the risk of explosion should arcing occur when connecting the jumper cables.1. the gear selector must be in position N (Neutral). the discharged battery must be recharged immediately after jump starting to avoid permanent damage. If it is necessary to tow the vehicle a greater distance. Sealants and Adhesives. (wear goggles in the operation). 1. Various solvents are available which are suitable for component cleaning. to reduce the voltage peak when the cables are removed. accumulations of loose dirt and greasy deposits should be removed before disconnecting or dismantling components or assemblies. it would take in excess of eight hours continuous driving with no additional loads placed on the battery. Cleaning Methods: A1101007 WARNING: Make sure that the ends of the jumper cables do not touch each other or ground against the vehicle body at any time while the cables are attached to the battery. Some components. The batteries must be connected in parallel. • Blowing dirt off with compressed air. Components should be thoroughly cleaned before inspection prior to reassembly. especially on hydraulic systems. if shorted through jumper cables. • Dry cleaning. Refer to Health and Safety Precautions and to the manufacturers literature for the relevant safety precautions. Refer to: Solvents. • Steam cleaning.1.1-13 General Information battery. This reduces the risk of arcing occurring when the final connection is made. Always connect the jumper cables in the following sequence: • • Slave battery positive first and then vehicle battery positive. • Always make sure that switched electric circuits are switched off before connecting jumper cables.1. • Scraping dirt off with a piece of metal or wood. Benni Mini 2013. switch on the heater blower (high) or the heated rear windshield. • Removal of loose dirt with soft or cable brushes. For a generator to recharge a battery. for example engine lifting eye. WARNING: Compressed air is sometimes 'wet' so use with caution. Slave battery negative next and then vehicle ground at least 300 mm from the battery terminal. such as brake hydraulic parts and electrical assemblies should be cleaned only with recommended solvents.1. Component Cleaning To prevent the ingress of dirt.1-13 Always disconnect the jumper cables in the reverse order to the connecting sequence and do not short the ends of the cables. Do not rely on the generator to restore a discharged battery.000 amps causing violent arcing and very rapid heating of the jumper cables and terminals. A fully charged battery. Failure to follow these instructions may result in personal injury. can discharge at a rate well above 1.01 . • Wiping off with a rag. This method must always be used to remove friction lining material dust. • Removal of dry dust using cleaner. and can even cause the battery to explode. Before removing the jumper cables from the vehicle that had the discharged battery. Always reduce the engine speed to idle before disconnecting the jumper cables. Failure to follow these instructions may result in personal injury. WARNING: Most solvents require careful handling and some are harmful. excessive pedal travel or hydraulic leak is found and rectified. • That the engine temperature gauge registers a reading compatible with the engine temperature. Solvents. • The engine coolant level. pre-driving checks. check: such as brakes. hydraulic and fuel leaks. Some contain chemicals or give off fumes which can be dangerous to health. compatible types and tread patterns. the full road test procedure need not be carried out.1. sealers and adhesives with extreme care. multimeters. Never operate at high engine speed or with the accelerator pedal at full travel whilst the engine is cold. • The tires. Benni Mini 2013. . do not attempt to road test the vehicle until the reason for the low fluid level. Check • That the ignition controlled warning lamps are illuminated. do not use it. and wear within limits. are regularly calibrated in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. engine starting and stopping.01 1. Unless complete vehicle performance is being checked. The Health and Safety Precautions subsection refers to some commonly used chemicals and materials. handling and application. exhaust gas analyzers or rolling roads. and safety measures to be taken. coolant. • That there is sufficient fuel in the tank to complete the test. lights and steering. • That the gear lever is in the neutral position. It is of fundamental importance that certain essential equipment.1. Instead. WARNING: If in doubt about the suitability of any proprietary solvent or sealer for a particular application. particularly a solvent. hazards associated with their use. do not depress the accelerator pedal beyond half travel. It is suggested that pre-test checks and functional tests of those systems and circuits which affect the safe and legal operations of the vehicle. With the Ignition Switched on. With the Ignition Switched Off. • All around the engine. Starting the Engine CAUTION: On initial drive away from cold and within the first 1. those items particularly relevant to the system(s) being checked can be extracted. on-test checks and final checks to be completed on completion of the test is given below. should always be carried out before the road or roller test. Make a note of any apparent leaks and wipe off the surrounding areas to make it easier to identify the extent of the leak on completion of the test.5 km. Road/Roller Test Road or roller test may be carried out for various reasons and a procedure detailing pre-test checks. for example torque wrenches. Always follow the manufacturer instructions.1-14 Calibration Equipment General Information of Essential Measuring WARNING: Failure to follow this instruction may result in personal injury or damage to components.1-14 WARNING: If the brake fluid level is low. • The engine oil level. pedal travel is excessive or a hydraulic leak is found. • That all instrument gauges (except fuel gauge) read zero.1. Check • That the parking brake is applied. With the ignition switched off. Sealants and Adhesives Introduction WARNING: Always handle all solvents. If in doubt about any substance. contact the manufacturer of the product for information regarding storage. transmission and under the vehicle for oil. for correct pressure. • That gear changing is smooth with no abnormal noises or vibrations from the transmission.01 . Avoid brake testing on busy roads where it may cause inconvenience or danger to other road users. Note any tendency to snatch. • That steering operation. this may contain asbestos dust which is hazardous to health. After stopping the vehicle (not immediately after a period of heavy braking). • That the clutch pedal operation is not stiff or heavy. • That the initial gear engagement is smooth and there is no evidence of clutch drag. or evidence that the brakes are binding. • That the switches and controls operate smoothly and positively.1-15 General Information • That the fuel gauge registers a reading appropriate to the fuel level in the tank. or appear to be otherwise faulty. warning and indicator lamps operate correctly and the direction indicator control self cancels 1. • That the speedometer. • The operation of the parking brake warning lamp and fluid level warning indicator. and any undue delay in application or release.1. that the steering does not pull to one side and self centers smoothly after cornering. avoid breathing the fumes from hot brakes. Failure to follow this instruction may result in personal injury. carefully check the brake temperature. is smooth. • The brake operation is normal.1. including power steering(if equipped). • The engine power output is satisfactory. Bake Testing WARNING: When brake testing. • There is no excessive or abnormally colored smoke from the engine under normal driving. A brake disc or brake drum that feels hot or is appreciably hotter than the others. not excessively heavy or with excessive free play or vibration. pull or drag.1. Road or Roller Testing and Inspection WARNING: If road testing.1-15 when the steering is returned to the straight ahead position. heavy load or overrun conditions. • That the heating and ventilation systems operate correctly and effectively. If the brakes pull to one side. that the clutch takes up the drive smoothly. New brake friction components will not reach full efficiency until the bedding-in process is complete. check the brake operation while still traveling at low speed before continuing with the test. without slip or judder. full power is achieved. do not continue with the road test until the fault has been found and rectified. WARNING: Brake testing which includes heavy brake applications should not be carried out with new brake pads/discs or linings/drums until the components have bedded-in. coolant temperature gauge and tachometer (if equipped) register the correct readings and operate correctly. acceleration is smooth and pedal operation is not stiff or heavy. • That the parking brake control operates smoothly and releases quickly and completely. indicates that the brake is binding. Benni Mini 2013. Test the brakes at several speeds within the normal operating range using both light and heavy pedal pressure. Allow the vehicle to coast and note any tendency to pull to one side. and engine speed returns to idle correctly. accurate. which might indicate over tightness or lack of lubrication. • Abnormal temperature of any moving components or assemblies. for example wheel hubs. Benni Mini 2013.1-16 General Information After Completion of The Test. Check • Oil.1. coolant.1-16 .1. hydraulic.01 1. air and fuel leaks. transmission and axle.1. 2 Identification Codes 1.01 .1.1.2-1 Identification Codes 1.2-1 Description and Operation Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) LS5A3ASDXAAXXXXXX 2 LS5A3ASDXAAXXXXXX 1 A1102001 Item 1 Description VIN position on body Item 2 Description VIN position on instrument panel VIN Interpretation Item 1~3 Description Item Description Manufacturer identification code 8 Driving mode 4 Vehicle classification code 9 Inspection number 5 Vehicle main parameter code 10 Year of manufacture 6 Engine model 11 Manufacturing factory code 7 Body type 12 ~ 17 Production serial number Benni Mini 2013.1.1. 01 1.1.1.2-2 Identification Codes Nameplate ѝഭg䟽ᒶ䮯ᆹ⊭䖖㛑ԭᴹ䲀‫ޜ‬ਨࡦ䙐 VIN: LS5A3ASDXAAXXXXXX ૱⡼䮯ᆹ⡼ රਧSC7106D ਁࣘᵪරਧJL466Q5 ਁࣘᵪᧂ䟿999mL ਁࣘᵪᴰབྷ࣏⦷46KW ᴰབྷ‫ݱ‬䇨ᙫ䍘䟿1285kg ࡦ䙐ᒤᴸ2012/11/06҈඀Ӫᮠ ѝഭg䟽ᒶ䮯ᆹ⊭䖖㛑ԭᴹ䲀‫ޜ‬ਨࡦ䙐 VIN: LS5A3ASDXAAXXXXXX ૱⡼䮯ᆹ⡼ රਧSC7106D ਁࣘᵪරਧJL466Q5 ਁࣘᵪᧂ䟿999mL ਁࣘᵪᴰབྷ࣏⦷46KW ᴰབྷ‫ݱ‬䇨ᙫ䍘䟿1285kg ࡦ䙐ᒤᴸ2012/11/06҈඀Ӫᮠ A1102002 Benni Mini 2013.1.2-2 . 01 . Failure to follow these instructions may result in personal injury.3-1 Traction and Lifting Description and Operation Traction A1103001 For the front-drive vehicle. Install it when using. The hook is placed in the onboard tool kit.1. Then lock the steering wheel with special locking mechanism and turn on the warning lamp. the distance between towing vehicle and towed vehicle shall be more than 4 m. When using soft connection tractor. CAUTION: The traction distance shall not exceed 80 km with the driving speed less than 20 km/h. The open area between the front and rear wheels is always selected as jacking point. unlock the steering wheel and make the front wheel face the front. the front wheels shall be lifted and the rear wheels shall be on the ground in traction. When using the vehicle jack.1.1. otherwise. less than 10 m. WARNING: The front wheels are forbidden to land on the ground in traction.1. it is important to conform to the following guides for correct operation. A1103002 Benni Mini 2013.3-1 Jacking WARNING: Always park the vehicle on a hard level surface. If the vehicle must be jacked up on a soft surface use load spreading blocks under the jack. The traction angle shall not be over 30 degree.3 Traction and Lifting 1. 1. Turn the ignition key to position ACC. Always chock the wheel diagonally opposite the jacking point. A pad shall be applied to protect the painting when using the jack. The correct jacking point must be used. the transmission may be damaged. 01 1. CAUTION: When lifting the vehicle with a two post lift.1.3-2 Traction and Lifting Lifting WARNING: It is important to use the correct lifting position for the lifting safety.1.3-2 . vehicle lift arm adapters must be used under the lifting points. the vehicle may be damaged or injury may be caused. Otherwise.1. A1103003 Benni Mini 2013. Keep the hands. Turn the ignition switch to “OFF” when disconnecting the control module wiring harness connector. 2. fire and explosion. The fluid may pollute environment.4 Maintenance Schedule 1.01 . highvoltage gasoline must be kept in the oil. People must pay special attention to safety in maintenance before checking the vehicle. coolant. such as gasoline. 14. apply the parking brake completely and set the gearshift lever at neutral. Do not touch any heat extraction components. 8.1. As the throttle of electronic control system has been adjusted on its limit screws. Do not touch any component of ignition system after starting the engine. to prevent from accidents.1. air condition high pressure pipe and muffler in order to avoid being scalded. oil. Do not drain the fluid of the vehicle. brake fluid and power steering fluid. 10. those limit screws are not allowed to be changed at any time. Those equipment might cause electromagnetic interference should not be installed near the electronic control unit to avoid interference. 11. such as: exhaust manifold. 4. tools and other things away from cooling fan and drive belt and any other rotating components when the engine operates. clothes. 7. 1. During fault hot-state analogue or operations which might cause temperature rise of the vehicle. Disconnect the wiring harness connectors of all control modules and the wiring harness of battery in welding. Electronic control system uses high-voltage oil. Please pay special attention to the following conditions: 13.4-1 Maintenance Schedule Description and Operation 1. 6.1. 3.1. people should keep the temperature of electronic control unit under 80 ć .4-1 Maintenance Items 12. Even if the engine is not running. 5. Do not start the engine in the forbidden area. Prevent water from entering the control unit during cleaning and maintenance. Keep electrical conductors away from the battery cathode and anode to avoid shortcircuit and accidents such as battery damage. Benni Mini 2013. The oil pipe and fuel filter should be replaced in a well-ventilated place. 9. If it is necessary to start engine in maintenance. R I.A.R I.A I.A 2.R I.A. fuel.A.A I. Interval: This interval should be judged by odometer reading or km months.F I. leaking) - I.01 .A. L-Lubricate. Regular maintenance symbols: R-Replace. compressor) drive belt (tension.A I.A Normal condition C C R C R C R C R Dusty condition C R R R R R R R R whichever (x1.T 9.Oil filter R R R R R R R R R 6.F I.A.T - J.A I. The inspection.A I. C-Clean.T - J. wear.R I. i.A I.F I.F I.R I.R I.F I.A I. adjustment.A I.R 3.Engine coolant I. F-Fill.A I. Prevent water.1.000) comes first.A I.A.A I.A I.A I. 2 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 2 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 1. T-Tighten to the specified torque. Keep the oil.Ignition coil (damage.Fan (Water pump.F I.A I.A I.Engine Oil ƾ R R R R R R R R R 7.R J.A I.Valve Clearance I.Spark Plug - I.4-2 Daily Maintenance Daily maintenance means three inspections. wear.1.A I. Top Up. air filter. A-Adjust. Regular Maintenance Item and Interval The following chart determines the regular maintenance based on driving mileage or month.A I.A I.A I.A.F I. etc.F I.R I.1.Engine Bolt (cylinder head.A I.A I.F 8. air and electricity leakage.A I.Air filter Benni Mini 2013.4-2 Maintenance Schedule 1.Timing belt (tension. fuel filter and battery clean.A I.A I. manifold fastener) I.A I.A I.A I. lubricantion and other maintenance should strictly follow the regular period in the chart. damage) I.R I. Item months ENGINE IGNITION FUEL 10.A 5. the instpections of vehicle safety structure and the retaining situations of all components before/in and after driving.A 4.) I.T - J. I-Inspect.e.A.A.A I.A I.A I. A I.R I.Fuel filter R 12. tightness) IT 26.1. Item months Replace every 10.000 KM (But shorten the service interval under severe conditions) I I I I I I I I I I.A I. etc.A I.A I. connections and lights CHASSIS AND BODY 21.A I.F I.A I.000 KM (But shorten the service interval under severe conditions) I.01 . whichever (x1.A I.Brake hoses and pipes (leakage.F I.Main bolt and nut (tightness) I.A I.R I.F 19.A I.A I.1.A Inspect And Tighten Every 10.T Inspect Every 10.F I.000 KM or 6 months 11.Brake fluid (amount.A I.A I.A I.) I.A.A I 24.A I.A I.R 15.1.Wheel and Wheel nut (damage.Tire (abnormal wear and pressure.F I. damage) Inspect And Adjust Every 10.A I.A I.A I.R I.A I.A I.A 14.A I.F I.A.F I.A I.Parking braking lever and cable I.R I.A.A 17.R I.A I.A I.A.A I.A.Rear: Brake drums and shoes (wear) 23.A I.A I.Front: Brake discs and pads (wear) 22.A.A I.Brake pedal (stroke) I.R I.Crankcase ventilation hose and connections - I.R I.A I.A I.A I.A I.Fuel vapour system - I.A I.A I.A 20.A (But shorten the service interval under severe conditions) CRANKCASE EMISSION CONTROL ELECTRICAL APPARATUS 16.A I. pipe clip I I I I I I I I I 13.A I.A I.4-3 Maintenance Schedule 1.A. leakage pollution) I.PCV valve - I I I I I I I I I.A I.A I.000) 2 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 2 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 comes first.A I.A I.A I.000KM (But shorten the service interval under severe conditions) Inspect And Tighten Every 10.A I.Wiring harness. fuel lines and connectors.F I.Fuel tank.Clutch I.A 18.A I.A 25.F I.A.4-3 Interval: This interval should be judged by odometer reading or km months.A I.000 KM (But shorten the service interval under severe conditions) Benni Mini 2013.A I. A whichever (x1.A I.A I.4-4 Maintenance Schedule 1.1.A I.1.1.A I.A I.4-4 Interval: This interval should be judged by odometer reading or months.A I.01 .A I.A I.A I.A I. tightness) I.000) comes first.A I. Benni Mini 2013.A I.Transmission oil R R R R R R R R R 29.A I.A I.Toe-in I.Steering system (clearance.A I. Item months ƾ The engine oil used for Changan model must be above SM 10W/40.A 28.A I. km 2 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 2 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 27. 5 Noise.5-1 2 2 2 3 3 1 N = Noise-audible unpleasant sound. • Moderate noise-rapid drone.1. Noise Type in Automotive Engineering Accordinting to sound intensity.Vibration and Harshness 1. H = Harshness-audible and perceptible jittering and vibration. Generally. chassis components or loose components inside the vehicle.01 . the noise in automotive engineering can be classified as following: • Slight noise-low thunder. Different positions on the vehicle make noises in different intensity: • Slight noise mostly comes from engine. • Strong noise-loud howling.1. • Strong noise (such as howling and harsh whistle) is commonly generated by airflow or accessories (such as alternators and driving belts). harsh whistle. Sound Transmitted Through air and Object CAUTION: The noise transmiting through air and object is the main concern of the automotive engineering.1. • Slight noise also can be produced on road. It is another type of slight noise. Benni Mini 2013. V = Vibration-perceptible vibration. The unstable noise is usually caused by the shock absorber. the transmitting speed of sound in liquid and solid is faster than in air (about 5 times). • Loud howling and whistle will hurt the ears. • Chatter sound can be heard when vehicle runs on rough road. buzz. The speed (sound velocity) of sound depends on the object materials. especially on rough road. NVH Meaning in Automotive Engineering 1. A1105001 Item Component Description 1 - Sound source (such as engine) 2 - Sound wave 3 - Amplitude Sound Transmitted Through Object The sound can transmit through liquid or solid (such as vehicle body).5-1 Noise.1. such as the vibration of vehicle which driver can feel.Vibration and Harshness Description and Operation Sound Transmitted Through Air This chapter briefly introduces the generation of noise and vibratin on the vehicle and how to eliminate them. it will cause resonance.1. The high-frequency vibration is palpable through the floor and the steering wheel. • The engine with flexible installation can vibrate up and down when running on rough road. • The vehicle shock absorber is made based on this principle.5-2 Noise. Example: • The noise from engine.Vibration and Harshness Noise transmitted through the vehicle 1 2 1. • The vibration can be weaken with shock absorber in order to eliminate the vibration of vehicle body. vibration will be transmitted from enigne to vehicle body and even cab. high frequency) can not be heard by human ears. • In fact. Generally. • If a certain system vibrates with its inherent vibration frequency. Vibration Process Engineering • Vibration waves with a frequency lower than 20 Hz (low frequency) or higher than 20.01 Description . the low frequency vibration is visible.5-2 Resonance • Every object has its inherent vibration frequency. the meaning of sound insulation is the decoupling of component and system. the engine will run unstably (engine critical speed). • It is transmitted from engine to vehicle body with vibration and spreaded to the cab by the way of sound wave. • When engine reaches resonance frequency. • Once the engine speed exceeds the critical point. 1 2 A1105003 Item Component 1 - Non-damping vibration 2 - Damping vibration Sound Insulation In vibrational science. Applicable for the following: • • • Vehicle process engineering does not only concers audible low frequency vibration but also the high frequency vibration that can be not heard. it will run stably at once. vehicle shock absorber is a damper and the vibration on vehicle body is weakened by the way of damping. • Damping influences the resonance of object and system. A1105002 Damping Item Component 1 2 Description - The noise transmitted through air - The noise transmitted through vehicle body • The vibration can be reduced if a damper is connected with spring in parallel.1. • Directly through air. Example: Benni Mini 2013. • When flexible installation of engine is in trouble.1.000 Hz (20 kHz. • In this way.01 .5-3 • • • Noise.1. The Directional Installation of Rubber Gasket Can Reach the Best Sound Insulation Effect 1. Noise and Vibration on Vehicle 1 2 2 The noise levels are different based on the different positions of passengers on vehicle. In vechicle process engineering. • Sound will be absorbed when meeting soft external surface.Vibration and Harshness Engine should be installed on elastic support in order to reduce the vibration that is transmitted to vehicle body. carrier and seat should be insulated with vehicle body. The effect depends on the material and thickness of absorbing object. The effect of decoupling depends on the structure of components.1.5-3 Item Component Description 1 - Reflected wave 2 - Attracted wave Example: • All sound insulation components such as door decorated board. the sound wave will be reflected directly and reduce the occur of Hall effect. ceiling. Vehicle Sound/Noise Wave (Standing Wave) 1 2 A1105004 Item Component Description 1 - Engine 2 - Engine installation Absorb • Sound is reflected when meeting hard surface. carpet. 1 A1105006 Item Component Description 1 - Driver is at “wave trough” 2 - Rear passengers are in “wave peak” 2 A1105005 Benni Mini 2013. rubber gasket is most related to sound insulation technologyIt acts as a spring.1. 1. In order to minimize the noise. • Influence of temperature. heating air filter will change its rigidity. the sound isulation cushion must be installed firmly.01 Description . A1105008 Benni Mini 2013. Air Intake System 4 2 1 3 A1105007 Air exhaust system can be regarded as the vehicle air and solild noise source. Pay attention to the tightening and leakages between connecting components in operation. The system layout. the solid noise in the intake and the exhaust system is also the main source. trends and connecting points of the vehicle body shall be properly selected to reduce the solid noise. • The exhaust system is a typical vibrating component.1. • In addition to air noise.1. for example.5-4 Noise.Vibration and Harshness Noise and Vibration Caused by Intake and Exhaust System Air intake system can be regarded as the vehicle air and solid noise source.5-4 Transmission route of sound: • The chart above shows the transmission route of noise caused by intake and exhaust system.1. and a good sound insulation device is required in the installation. A1105009 Item Component 1 - Air intake manifold 2 - Connecting pipe 3 - Retaining component (Rubber gasket) 4 - Air filter • Length and cubage of air intake system has been fixed and can not be changed in maintenance. • The great air pressure changes on the surface air intake system components will cause strong vibration. • Suspect exhaust system with rope (at most two suspension points). Simple problem inspection: • Remove all suspension bushings in exhaust system. 1 2 3 4 A1105010 Item Component Description 1 - Catalytic converter 2 - Decoupling equipment 3 - Front muffler 4 - Rear muffler Exhaust system can not be installed too tightly. Benni Mini 2013.1. especially the vehicle in driving. install the rubber gasket and keep proper degree of freedom. just as an amplifier. sometimes it is noise source.5-5 • Noise. • The main components of NVH in the vehicle body are the roof steel plate. • Based on this procedure.1.Vibration and Harshness In order to avoid the solid vibration on the surface of air intake system transmitting to vehicle body. • If the noise is eliminated. • The components we described here only means the the componets to cause vibration and noise based on function.1. Exhaust manifold and catalytic converter (if connected with engine directly) must be connect with engine rigidly (no gaps at the bracket connection). Vehicle Body Function • The requirement to vehicle is allround. • Vehicle body can not only cause air noise but alos solid noise. such as engine and bushing. Vehicle body includes or concerns all these components. what we emphasize are other main components that cause noise in vehicle. The vehicle body is one of the most important part involving NVH.01 . the bushing causes noise will be found out.5-5 Rubber gasket can not be installed to tightly. • Vehicle body must absorb the virbation from all components and try to stop transmiting the virbation to the vehicle body. The vibration or noise shall be increased greatly due to the strutcture. b) air intake pipe should not be connected with vehicle body directlyIt is necessary to add foam sound absorbent pad on the connecting positions with vehicle or other components. Exhaust System • Check the noise level of cab in road test. the side wall and the floor. CAUTION: The rubber gasket in suspension exhaust system can also transmit virbation. pay attention to the following points in maintenance: a) whole air intake system is insulated with vehicle body. So it is necessary to leave a suitable free play in installing exhaust system. 1. Here. it means the exhaust bushing is noise source. • Take drive belt after installing every bushing and check noise level. so the following elements should be considered: • Correctly install the vehicle window.1.Vibration and Harshness Higher Requirements for Vehicle Body • Good falling or knock performance. Benni Mini 2013. • Door and window weather strip. engine or road surface. possible rectification methods are: • Install at seperated positions at critical localisations (such as A post and side wall) in order to reach the good sound insulation performance. • Corrosion resistance. • Spacious interior. For example. • Sunroof drain pipe. • Correctly install the sealing strip. the integral rigidity of vehcile body must be ensured together with the good resiliency in crash and with certain flexibility of vehicle body.1. tire.01 1. • Install foam block at influenced area.5-6 Noise. CAUTION: The foam block or foam filled block is a good sound insulation measure. • Light weight. Because can not satisfy all these requirements at the same time. • Heater and vent. Example: The ensure of vehicle body water proofness can not ensure the requirements to noise and vibration at the same time. .1. we only adopt a half-way solution.5-6 The cross components of side wall and vehicle body are usually the transmitted passage to vibration and noise. If the noise occur in wind. So we only can adopt the method of crumpling or twist partial areas. Other precautions: • All pipes to engine compartment. • Excellent aerodynamic appearance. to satisfy NVH performance. check the foam block at the relative positions. • Fill foam block at the relative gaps or holes. that an NVH concern be isolated into its specific area(s) as soon as possible. tires. Also. At other times. Customer Interview The road test and customer interview (if possible) provide information that will help identify the concern and will provide direction to the correct starting point for diagnosis. • Tires. similar to gear noise. such as how to distinguish the vibration from the shake. This condition is usually caused by a damaged wheel bearing.1. It is caused by backlash somewhere in the driveline. • Trim panels can also cause whistling or whining noise. verify the customer concern. To assist in the diagnosis and testing procedure(s).Vibration and Harshness 1. can have a high pitched tread whine or roar. This section is designed to aid in identifying these concerns. use a suitable approved NVH diagnosis tester. if the symptom occurs at high speed. The easiest and quickest way to do this is to carry out the Road Test as outlined.1. any non-standard tire with an unusual tread construction may emit a roar or whine noise. • Suspension • Driveline for obvious signs for 3.5-7 Noise. trim panels and transmission. roof racks.1. the pitch of the exhaust may sound very much like gear noise.01 . Quick Checks are described within the step. • Bearing rumble sounds like marbles being tumbled.5-7 Diagnosis and Testing Identify the Condition Inspection and Verification NVH usually occur in four areas: 1. therefore. 4. It is important. Visually inspect malfucntion. Noise Conditions • Gear noise is typically a howling or whining due to gear damage or incorrect bearing preload. it can be mistaken for a wheel bearing rumble. For example. If the concern is not visually evident. When the cause is identified. The section provides diagnostic procedures based on symptom. especially snow tires. make sure that none of the following conditions are the cause of the noise before proceeding with a driveline teardown and diagnosis: • In certain conditions. Radial tires may have this characteristic. vibration and harshness (NVH) concerns have become more important as vehicles have become more sensitive to these vibrations. • Clunk may be a metallic noise heard when the automatic transaxle is engaged or it may occur when the throttle is applied or released. proceed to the appropriate section and execute the correct diagnosis. Non-Axle Noise Therefore. If an obvious cause for an observed or reported concern is found. the job is partly done. Always follow each step exactly and make notes to recall important findings later. The five most common sources of non-axle noise are exhaust. Confirm the concern. Road test can distinguish the symptom type. How to Use The Diagnostic Procedures Noise Diagnostic Procedure Noise. Follow the diagnostic procedure as outlined. • Tire • Engine accessories 2. verify the symptom and refer to the symptom chart. while more involved tests and adjustments are outlined in General Procedures. correct the cause (if possible) before proceeding to the next step. A series of Road Test Quick Checks are provided to make sure that a cause is either pinpointed or eliminated. Start the vehicle to reshow the malfunction. It can occur at various Benni Mini 2013. the most likely place to start is under shake and vibration while driving. This will identify the correct diagnostic procedure. writing down anything that does not look right. Knock is very similar to chuckle. Popping or Grinding Noises May be Caused by The Following: • • 1. Note tire pressures. Refer to Tip-in Moan in the driveline noise and vibration symptom chart. Note leaking fluids.5-8 Worn.Vibration and Harshness speeds and driving conditions. It is usually worse at a particular engine speed and at a particular throttle setting during acceleration at that speed. Leave the tire pressures and vehicle load just where they were when the condition was first observed. Clicking. Chuckle is a particular rattling noise that sounds like a stick against the spokes of a spinning bicycle wheel. Road Test Quick Checks 1. Check ride height. because it may turn out to be the most important. though it may be louder and occurs on acceleration or deceleration. as on a newly paved asphalt road. . 4. It occurs while decelerating from 64 km/h (40 mph) and can usually be heard all the way to a stop. Some noise is acceptable and may be audible at certain speeds or under various driving conditions. 3. • Out-of-round tires. a moaning noise is heard and possibly a vibration felt in the front floor panel. Road test the vehicle and define the condition by reproducing it several times during the road test. The road test and customer interview (if available) provide information needed to identify the condi- Benni Mini 2013. 5. • Excessively high constant velocity (CV) joint operating angles caused by incorrect ride height. 1. vehicle load or making other adjustments may reduce the condition(s) intensity to a point where it cannot be identified clearly. suspension or brake component. Remember. Make a visual inspection as part of the preliminary diagnosis routine. The slight noise is in no way detrimental and must be considered normal. Shudder or vibration during acceleration may be caused by the following: • Damaged powertrain/drivetrain mounts. or it can be continuous. preventing correct diagnosis. 24 ~ 80 km / h : With light acceleration. The frequency varies with vehicle speed. Check and rule out tires. or bright spots where components may be rubbing against each other. depending on what component is causing it. Check the load space for unusual loads. Carry out the road test quick checks more than once to verify they are providing a valid result.1.5-8 • • Noise. damaged or incorrectly installed wheel bearing.01 2. exhaust and trim items before disassembling the transmission to diagnose and correct gear noise. tion and give direction to the correct starting point for diagnosis. Do not touch anything until a road test and a thorough visual inspection of the vehicle have been carried out. Carry out the Road Test Quick Checks as soon as the condition is reproduced. but do not adjust them yet. It may also produce a moaning sound. Road Test A gear-driven unit will produce a certain amount of noise. Vibration Conditions Vibration at highway speeds may be caused by the following: • Out-of-balance front or rear wheels.1. verify correct spring rate and check items under inoperative conditions. Make notes throughout the diagnosis routine. Adjusting tire pressures. Make sure to write down even the smallest bit of information. loose nuts and bolts. The teardown will disclose what has to be corrected. the road test quick checks may not tell where the concern is.1. It may also inject something new into the system. but they will tell where it is not. make sure all components removed have been installed. seats. A smooth asphalt road that allows driving over a range of speeds is best. If possible. but with an accompanying sound or rumble. 3.01 . If vibration is still evident. Benni Mini 2013. drone or booming noise. Refer to shake and vibration while driving in the driveline noise and vibration symptom chart. 1. Engine speed sensitive: A vibration is felt whenever the engine reaches a particular rpm. front floor panel.5-9 Noise.1. buzz.1. popping or grinding noises) may be due to the following: • Worn. tires. hum. Gravel or bumpy roads are unsuitable because of the additional road noise produced. Once the route is established and consistently used. • Damaged powertrain/drivetrain mounts. It may or may not be increased by applying the brakes lightly. After verifying that the condition has been corrected. a shake is sometimes noticed in the steering wheel/column. it may be related to wheels. level and free of undulations (unless a particular condition needs to be identified). It will disappear in neutral coasts. Refer to shake and vibration while driving in the driveline noise and vibration symptom chart. If a customer complains of a noise or vibration only on a particular road. Noise and vibration while turning (clicking. unless the vehicle is inoperative or the condition could pose a hazard to the technician. It is a low frequency vibration (around 9-15 cycles per second). 5. High Speed: A vibration is felt in the front floor panel or seats with no visible shake. Acceleration/Deceleration: With slow acceleration and deceleration. Vehicle Preparation Carry out a thorough visual inspection of the vehicle before carrying out the road test. The road selected should be reasonably smooth. Refer to Idle boom/shake/vibration in the driveline noise and vibration symptom chart. 4. try to test the vehicle on the same type of road. Do not repair or adjust any condition until the road test is carried out. It can be caused by any component. from the accessory drive belt to the clutch or torque converter which turns at engine speed when the vehicle is stopped. damaged or incorrectly installed front wheel bearing.Vibration and Harshness 2. Coast with the clutch pedal depressed (manual transmission) or shift control selector lever in "N" (NEUTRAL) (automatic transmission) and engine idling. CAUTION: Some concerns may be apparent only on smooth asphalt roads. The vibration can be duplicated by operating the engine at the problem rpm while the vehicle is stationary. the source of the concern may be the road surface.5-9 Road Conditions An experienced technician will always establish a route that will be used for all NVH diagnosis road tests.1. front brake discs. the road noise variable is eliminated from the test results. wheel hubs or front wheel bearings. front door trim panel or front end sheet metal. Record anything which is unusual.