Thank You Sponsors!Unconventional Natural Gas Report Providing the E&P community with the latest information, data and resources for the unconventional natural gas industry. No. 35-4, November 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS Recent Publications Calendar FEATURE Overview Barnett Shale Rig Report Websites Operators Online Resources OGI Articles Activity Highlights Hart’s A&D RRC Statistics Selected References 01-02 03-03 03-11 11-11 12-12 12-15 15-16 16-25 26-27 27-28 29-31 31-41 November Feature Fort Worth Basin, Texas Barnett Shale E-mail:
[email protected] Ann P riestm an Hart Energy P ublishing Compiled by: R ECENT UNCONVENTI ONAL R ESOUR CE P UBLI CATI ONS GAS SHALE • Bybee, Karen. Entrance Pressure Of Oil-Based Mud Into Shale. Journal of Petroleum Technology, V. 61, N. 11, pp. 6364, November 2009. • Duncan, Peter M.; Williams-Stroud, Sherilyn. Marcellus Microseismic: Microseismic Monitoring Of The Fracturing Process In The Vast Shale Is Proving To Be A Key Tool In Its Development. Oil and Gas Investor, V. 29, N. 11, November 2009 • Haines, Leslie. Independent Spokesman: As Swift Energy Co. President, Bruce H. Vincent Takes Aim At Renewing Production Growth, And As New IPAA Chairman, He Wants Capitol Hill To Listen To Independents. Oil and Gas Investor, V. 29, N. 11, November 2009 • Milam, Ken. Database Gathers Europe Shale Data. AAPG Explorer, V. 30, N. 11, pp. 10, November 2009. • Rach, Nana M. Drilling Horizontals In The Marcellus Shale. Hart’s E&P Magazine, V. 82, N. 11, pp. 29, November 2009. • Tan, Chee Phuat; Povstyanova, Magdealna, Mohluddin, Mohammed Ahmed; Rahim, Mohd Heimi Abd; Qadamani, Marwan Ahmad. Fluid Design Solves Shale Instability Problem. Hart’s E&P Magazine, V. 82, N. 11, pp. 66-67, November 2009. TIGHT GAS • Ferguson, Marcelle L.; Johnson, Michael A. Comparing Friction Reducers’ Performance In Produced Water From Tight Gas Shales. Journal of Petroleum Technology, V. 61, N. 11, pp. 24-27, November 2009. COALBED METHANE • Dai, J.; Zou, C.; Li, J.; Ni, Y.; Hu, G.; Zhang, X.; Liu, Q.; Yang, C.; Hu, A. Carbon Isotopes of Middle-Lower Jurassic Coal-Derived Alkane Gases From The Major Basins Of Northwestern China. International Journal of Coal Geology, V 80, N. 2, pp. 124-134, November 2009. • Erdenetsogt, B.O.; Lee, I.; Bata-Erdene, D.; Jargal L. Mongolian Coal-Bearing Basins: Geological Settings, Coal Characteristics, Distribution, And Resources. International Journal of Coal Geology, V 80, N. 2, pp. 87-104, November 2009. • Hower, J.C.; O’Keefe, J.M.K.; Watt, M.A.; Pratt, T.J.; Eble, C.F.; Stucker, J.D.; Richardson, A>R.; Kostova, I.J. Notes On The Origin Of Inertinite Macerals In Coals: Observations On The Importance Of Fungi In The Origin Of Macrinite. International Journal of Coal Geology, V 80, N. 2, pp. 135-143, November 2009. • Salap, S.; Karslioglu, M.O.; Demirel, N. Development Of A GIS-Based Monitoring And Management System For Underground Coal Mining Safety. International Journal of Coal Geology, V 80, N. 2, pp. 87-104, November 2009. • Sykorova, I.; Havelcova, M.; Trejtnarova, H.; Matysova, P.; Vasicek, M.; Kribek, B.; Suchy, V.; Kotlik, B. Characterization Of Organic Matter In Dusts And Fluvial Sediments From Exposed Areas Of Downtgwn Prague, Czech Republic. International Journal of Coal Geology, V 80, N. 2, pp. 69-86, November 2009. • Yao, Y.; Liu, D.; CHe, Y.; Tang, D.; Tang, S.; Huang, W. Non-Destructive Characterization Of Coal Samples From China Using Microfocus X-Ray Computed Tomography. International Journal of Coal Geology, V 80, N. 2, pp. 124-134, November 2009. UNG Report November 2009 1 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing SHALE OIL • Haines, Leslie. Remaking Toreador: With A New Chief Executive Officer And New Strategy, Toreador Resources Has Revamped Its Finances And Is Aiming At A Bakken Shale Look-Alike In France. Oil and Gas Investor, V. 29, N. 11, November 2009 • Moritis, Guntis. Oil Shale Adds To Energy Mix. Oil & Gas Journal, V. 107, N. 42, pp. 14, November 9, 2009. • Snow, Nick. Salazar Announces Oil Shale Lease Round, Addenda Inquiry. Oil & Gas Journal, V. 107, N. 4, pp 20-21, October 26, 2009. GENERAL • Haines, Leslie. Natural Gas Questions: For Natural Gas Players, It Is Two Steps Forward, And One Back. Oil and Gas Investor, V. 29, N. 11, November 2009 • Rathan, Daniel. Jvs For E&P: Joint Ventures Are Becoming The New Transaction Of Choice. Up-Front Preparation Is Key To Achieving The Most Profitable Structure. Oil and Gas Investor, V. 29, N. 11, November 2009 • Snow, Nick. Federal, State Tax Prospects Clouds Independents’ Outlook. Oil & Gas Journal, V> 107, N. 41, pp. 20-24, November 2, 2009. CALENDAR OF UNG EVENTS November 30, 2009 December 2-3, 2009 December 3, 2009 December 8-10, 2009 January 26, 2010 February 11-12, 2010 February 1-3, 2010 February 2-4, 2010 February 23-25, 2010 March 21-24, 2010 March 30, 2010 March 31, 2010 April 6-8, 2010 April 11-14, 2010 April 27-29, 2010 May 3-6, 2010 May 17-20, 2010 May 26-30, 2010 June 6-10, 2010. New York Marcellus Shale Natural Gas Summit: Challenges and Opportunities. Otwego, NY. Advanced Horizontal Well Fracturing Workshop, Pittsburgh, PA. PTTC Workshop, “Unconventional Reservoirs Core Workshop.” Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO. Contact Mary Carr 303-273-3107. Emerging Unconventional Resources Conference & Exhibition. Shreveport. LA. SPE Denver Section Short Course. “Horizontal Well Completions.” Instructor Steve Maathis, Baker Hughes Inc. 707 17th Street, Denver, CO. Contact Darien O’Brien 303-864-6015. NAPE Expo 2010, GRB Convention Center, Houston, TX. SPE Fractured & Tight Reservoir Characterization & Development Challenges. Workshop, Kuwait City, Kuwait. IADC/SPE Drilling Conference. Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, LA. SPE Unconventional Gas Conference. Conference, Pittsburgh, PA. Gas Processors Association Annual Convention, Hilton, Hotel, Austin, TX. DUG: The Technical Workshop, Omni Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX. DUG: Developing Unconventional Gas 2010, Omni Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX. Rocky Mountain Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition. OMNI Interlocken, Denver, CO. 2010 AAPG Annual Convention & Exhibition. New Orleans, LA. AAPG Southwest Section Annual Conference, Dallas, TX May 16-18, 2010 SPE Tight Gas Completions: Technology Applications and Best Practices. Workshop, Denver, CO. Offshore Technology Conference, Reliant Park, Houston, TX. SPE Unconventional Gas Production. Workshop, Krakow, Poland. SPE Western North America Regional Meeting. Conference, Anaheim, California. Gordon Research Conference on Natural Gas Hydrates. Colby College, Waterville, Maine. Summer NAPE 2010, GRB Convention Center, Houston, TX. June 13-16, 2010 August 26-27, 2010 AAPG Rocky Mountain Section Meeting. Durango, CO September 20-22, 2010 November 203, 2010 September 12-15, 2010 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Conference, Florence, Italy. SPE Tight Gas Completions Conference. Conference, San Antonio, TX. 2010 AAPG International Comference & Exhibition, Calgary, AB, Canada UNG Report November 2009 2 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing NOVEMBER FEATURE Barnett Shale Fort Worth Basin, TX CORE COUNTIES: Denton, Johnson, Tarrant, Wise, TX. NON-CORE Counties Bosque, Clay, Comanche, Cooke, Dallas, Ellis, Erath, Hamilton, Hill, Hood, Jack, Montague, Palo Pint, Parker Somervell, TX. OVER VI EW Geologic Controls on the Growth of Petroleum Reserves U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2172-I http://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2172-i/pdf/B2172-I.pdf Barnett Shale The Barnett Shale of Middle to Late Mississippian age (Lancaster and others, 1993) is an unconventional (or continuous) gas http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/oil-gas/Petroleum/projects/EP reservoir in the Fort Worth Basin of north Texas (Pollastro and others, 2004; Pollastro and others, 2007; fig. 3). The formation crops out on the north flank of the Llano uplift of central Texas (Fig. 4) and extends into the subsurface north and northeast from there into the basin (Henry, 1982; Lancaster and others, 1993). Gas has been produced from the formation since 1981, largely from rocks positioned down the hydrologic gradient from water-saturated rocks (Kuuskraa and others, 1998), and although oil has been discovered in some areas, its low flow rate makes oil extraction largely uneconomic (Bowker, 2002). Since about the year 2000, however, gas production has increased dramatically (Pollastro and others, 2004), largely owing to the recognition and refinement of appropriate reservoir stimulation technologies (Bowker, 2007). Because of its relatively recent production history, publicly available information is limited; nevertheless, the Barnett recently became the largest gas-producing formation in Texas (Bowker, 2007). The Barnett Shale, which has been divided into three informal members in the Fort Worth Basin, reaches a maximum thickness of about 650 ft (Pollastro and others, 2007). Principal producing intervals are marine shale units, informally termed the lower shale (average thickness 300 ft in producing region) and upper shale (average thickness 150 ft in producing region). In much of the area of current production, the two shale members are separated by a limestone of variable thickness. Constituents of the shales include quartz (possibly altered radiolarian tests), clay (dominantly smectite), carbonate, feldspar, and organic matter. Reservoirs in the Barnett Shale are grouped in a single shale category (table 6). Until recently, most production has been from the lower shale member, although appreciable production is now being realized from the upper shale member (Bowker, 2002). Both members characteristically have a high content of organic material, which is largely Type–II (Jarvie and others, 2001; Hill and others, 2007). In general, the average total organic carbon in both members is about 4 to 5 percent (Jarvie and others, 2007), although in places the Barnett is thought to have contained as much as 20 percent total organic carbon when it was deposited (Bowker, 2002). The organic material in these shales is the source of the gas produced from them, thereby defining these reservoirs as self sourced. Recent studies have been undertaken to better understand the variability and degree of thermal maturity of the organic matter in the Barnett Shale in the Fort Worth Basin. Within the area of gas production, there is an eastwardly increase in vitrinite reflectance (Ro) from about 1.1 to >1.9 percent (Pollastro and others, 2007). Interestingly, portions of the Barnett closest to the Ouachita thrust belt, which marks the east margin of the Fort Worth Basin (fig. 3), tend to possess the highest degree of thermal maturity, whereas the Barnett is less thermally mature in the deepest part of the basin; this difference suggests a relation between maturation and the Ouachita thrust belt (Bowker, 2002). Outside the area of gas production, in areas where Ro<1.1 percent, oil is the common hydrocarbon but it is uneconomic to produce owing to low porosity and permeability of the rocks (Bowker, 2002). Nevertheless, the presence of oil in areas of lower thermal maturity and gas in the more thermally mature rock, along with the nature (Type–II) of the organic matter, suggests that the gas was generated either by primary cracking of kerogen or by cracking of gas from oil, or both (Jarvie and others, 2001; Hill and others, 2007; Jarvie and others, 2007). Effective matrix porosity and permeability in Barnett Shale reservoirs are low. The productive portions have an average porosity of <6 percent and permeabilities are exceedingly low, typically in the nanodarcy range (Bowker, 2002). Although fractures, both induced and natural, play a critical role in the producibility of gas from Barnett reservoirs, more than a decade of experimentation and research (largely by Mitchell Energy and Development Corporation) has demonstrated that the best production is in areas lacking large natural faults and fractures. Apparently, where open, such features facilitated slow but possibly continuous migration of gas out of the Barnett into other formations or to the surface. Furthermore, where mineralized with authigenic calcite, the fractures are largely impermeable (Bowker, 2002). In contrast to the commonly detrimental affects of natural fractures on production, induced fractures are critical for production. Results of experiments and research have indicated that massive induced fracturing through well stimulation was necessary to achieve economic levels of gas production from the formation (Lancaster and others, 1993; Bowker, 2002). Induced fracturing disrupts the apparent pressure equilibrium in the reservoirs, allowing gas, whether in matrix porosity or possibly sorbed onto organic material, to diffuse into the borehole through the porosity and permeability created by the induced fractures (Bowker, 2002). Although natural fractures may contribute to gas flow, the permeability of most natural fractures is low relative to that produced by induced fractures; thus, natural fractures contribute only in a subordinate way to gas production. UNG Report November 2009 3 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing Ball, Mahlon, M.; Perry, William J. Jr. Bend Arch-Fort Worth Basin, Province 5045 (Province 45) http://certmapper.cr.usgs.gov/data/noga95/prov45/text/prov45.pdf UNCONVENTIONAL PLAY Continuous-Type P lay 4503. M ISSISSIP P IAN BAR N ETT SHALE (HYP OTHETICAL) The definitive characteristic of this hypothetical continuous-type unconventional play is the organic shaly nature of the combined reservoir and source rock, the Mississippian Barnett Shale. Production of 34.5 BCFG through 1990, occurred in a single field, Newark East, in southwest Wise County. This play is classified as both hypothetical and unconventional because it is limited to a single production occurrence, and its reservoir permeability of 0.l mD falls in the unconventional-play category. Reservoir depth is 7,000 ft. The limits of the play encircle the single known occurrence and were drawn simply to acknowledge the broad distribution of the reservoir facies in the province. The reservoir quality is the riskiest aspect of the play and was deemed to be so questionable that the play was not individually assessed. Resource potential: Risk for additional producible discoveries in this play is high but potential for additional discoveries is also significant. Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Bend Arch-Fort Worth Basin Province of North-Central Texas and Southwestern Oklahoma, 2003. http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3022/fs-2004-3022.pdf Resource Summary The USGS assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas and undiscovered continuous (unconventional) gas within the Bend Arch-Fort Worth Basin Province resulted in estimated means of 26.7 trillion cubic feet of gas (TCFG), 98.5 million barrels of oil (MMBO), and a mean of 1.1 billion barrels of natural gas liquids (BBNGL) in the three TPSs that were assessed (table 1). Nearly all of the undiscovered gas resource (98 percent, or 26.2 TCFG) is considered to be in continuous accumulations of nonassociated gas trapped in strata of two of the three Mississippian-age Barnett Shale AUs — the Greater Newark East Frac- Barrier Continuous Barnett Shale Gas AU and the Extended Continuous Barnett Shale Gas AU — of the Barnett-Paleozoic TPS. The third AU within this TPS, the Hypothetical Basin-Arch Barnett Shale Oil AU, was not quantitatively assessed because of a lack of data. The potentially giant continuous shale-gas resource (26.2 TCF) within the two AUs of the Barnett-Paleozoic TPS had not been previously assessed and is included as an addition to reserves by the USGS (table 1). The remaining 467 billion cubic feet of gas (BCFG) of the estimated undiscovered gas resource in the Province is in conventional nonassociated gas accumulations (358.6 BCFG) and associated/dissolved gas in conventional oil accumulations (108.4 BCFG). The Barnett-Paleozoic TPS is estimated to contain a mean of 409.2 BCFG of conventional gas, or about 88 percent of all undiscovered conventional gas, and about 64.6 MMB of conventional oil, or about 65 percent of all undiscovered oil (table 1) in the Bend Arch-Fort Worth Basin Province. Two smaller TPSs, the Barnett-Hardeman Basin TPS and the Pennsylvanian Bend-Broken Bone Graben TPS, are estimated to contain a total mean of about 12 percent (57.7 BCFG) of undiscovered conventional gas, and about 35 percent (33.9 MMBO) of the undiscovered conventional oil (table 1) in the Province. Because of the lack of data, neither the Hypothetical Continuous Fractured Barnett Shale Oil AU of the Barnett-Hardeman Basin TPS, nor the Hypothetical Pennsylvanian-Lower Permian Coal-Bed Gas AU of the Pennsylvanian- Lower Permian Coal-Bed Gas TPS, was quantitatively assessed (table 1). UNG Report November 2009 4 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing gov/pub/oil_gas/natural_gas/analysis_publications/ng pipeline/intrastate.doe.eia. • Intrastate pipelines in Texas account for 45. they do not physically interconnect.750 miles) and the Energy Transfer Partners LP (8.800 miles). an intrastate pipeline company may have operations in more than one State. Texas: • Texas is the top ranked natural gas consuming State. • New pipelines have been built.Overview Intrastate natural gas pipelines operate within State borders and link natural gas producers to local markets and to the interstate pipeline network.600 miles of natural gas pipelines in the State. that is. and are not jurisdictional to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). As long as these operations are separate. they are considered intrastate.S. More than 90 intrastate natural gas pipelines operate in the lower-48 States. Intrastate Natural Gas Pipeline Segment http://www. • The intrastate network in Texas has experienced significant growth over the past several years as a result of increased demand for pipeline capacity caused by the rapid development and expansion of natural gas production in the Barnett Shale Formation. Although an intrastate pipeline system is defined as one that operates totally within a State.000 of the 58. are intrastate pipelines. • The largest intrastate pipelines in Texas are Enterprise Texas Pipeline Company (8. and expansions to existing ones undertaken. to meet increased demand.html UNG Report November 2009 5 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing . Approximately 29 percent of the total miles of natural gas pipeline in the U. Some experts say that the Barnett Shale is the largest onshore natural gas field in the United States. It consists of sedimentary rocks and the productive part of the formation is estimated to stretch from the city of Dallas west and south.The Barnett Shale has acted as an important source and sealing cap rock for conventional oil and gas reservoirs in the area.us/barnettshale/index. a small independent. The field name for the productive portion of the Barnett Shale formation has been designated as the Newark.tx.tx.php The Barnett Shale is a hydrocarbon-producing geological formation of great economic significance to Texas. that the potential of the Barnett Shale was realized. It was thought that only a few of the thicker sections close to Fort Worth would support economic drilling.rrc. Barnett settled in the San Saba County during late 19th century and named a local stream the Barnett Stream.Barnett Shale Information http://www. http://www. History of the Barnett Shale John W. Devon Energy acquired Mitchell Energy in 2002. It was not until the 1980's with new advances in horizontal drilling and well fracturing technology used by Mitchell Energy. In the early 20th century during a mapping exercise. like Exxon. The success that independents have had in producing from the Barnett Shale is beginning to attract the interest of the large majors.us/barnettshale/ UNG Report November 2009 6 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing . geologists noted a thick black organic-rich shale in an outcrop close to the stream and named it the Barnett Shale.rrc. and has established itself as the leading producer from the Barnett Shale.000 square miles (13. covering 5. East Field by the Texas Railroad Commission.000 km²) and at least 18 counties.state.state. Significant drilling activity did not begin until gas prices increased in the late 1990's. us/barnettshale/countyproducing.rrc.Active Permits &Producing Wells Texas Counties with Producing Wells Texas Counties with Drilling Permits http://www.beg.tx.utexas.php http://www.edu/presentations/presentations/2009_Presentations/Tinker%20IOGCC%20Unconventional%20Gas%2009.pdf UNG Report November 2009 7 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing .state. 500 feet to 8.S. at the same time. Drilling operations continue expanding the play boundaries outward. It has been a showcase for modern tight-reservoir development typical of gas shales in the U. The original gas-in-place estimate for the Barnett Shale is 327 tcf with estimated technically recoverable resources of 44 tcf (Exhibit 11).energy. The gas content is the highest among the major shale plays.000 wells drilled to date. Modern Shale Gas Development in the United States: Primer April 2009 http://www. Horizontal well completions in the Barnett are occurring at well spacing ranging from 60 to 160 acres per well (Exhibit 11).fossil. The Barnett Shale covers an area of about 5. ranging from 300 standard cubic feet per ton (scf/ton) to 350 scf/ton of rock (Exhibit 11) UNG Report November 2009 8 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing . the Barnett Shale is the most prominent shale gas play in the U. operations have turned towards infill drilling to increase the amount of gas recovered134. The development of the Barnett Shale has been a proving ground for combining the technologies of horizontal drilling and large-volume hydraulic fracture treatments. With over 10.133.132.pdf The Barnett Shale The Barnett Shale is located in the Fort Worth Basin of north-central Texas.DOE.gov/programs/oilgas/publications/naturalgas_general/Shale_Gas_Primer_2009.500 feet (Exhibit 11 and Exhibit 13131) and is bounded by limestone formations above (Marble Falls Limestone) and below (Chappel Limestone) (Exhibit 12).000 square miles with an approximate thickness ranging from 100 feet (ft) to more than 600 ft (Exhibit 11).S. It is a Mississippian age shale occurring at a depth of 6. pdf UNG Report November 2009 9 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing .barnettshalenews.http://www.com/documents/2009TAEPExpo/Recent%20Developments%20in%20the%20Barnett%20Shale. com/documents/RigData%20Barnett%20Shale%20Rig%20Count%20Booklet%20Barnett%20Shale%20E XPO%203-11-2009.http://www.barnettshalenews.pdf UNG Report November 2009 10 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing . Hill. Erath.html Tarrant County Carrizo Oil & Gas.New ark. southeast of U. Hood County Quicksilver Resources: horizontal off Farm Road 2174.S. north of I-20/Loop 820. Coryell. Comanche.. 3surface waste disposal facilities and 24 commercialsaltwater disposal wells on our records. Fort Worth: horizontal off Grand Peninsula Drive.Somervell.S. Devon Energy: horizontal off Wilson St.us/data/fielddata/barnettshale. east of I-20W/Farm Road 2552 (Clear Lake Road). UNG Report November 2009 11 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing .. 377/Texas 171. • Barnett Shale R ig R eport November 20.S. Eastland. 287. Parker. east of Texas 114. Denton./U. Bosque. Quicksilver Resources: horizontal off Harmoson Road. Lakota Energy. Wichita Falls: vertical off Farm Road 2393.com/business/story/1779714. 2009 there are a total of gas wells 12. Parker County XTO Energy: horizontal off Old Airport Road. Quicksilver Resources. south of Texas 174/Farm Road 731. east of I-35W/U. Tulsa: horizontal off Harmon Road.145 January 2009 through August 2009 = 1. Johnson County Chesapeake Operating. north of I-20/Farm Road 157. East (Barnett Shale) Field Discovery Date – 10-15-1981 http://www. Wichita Falls: vertical off Berwick Road. Cooke. Wise County Devon Energy Production Co.082 Bcf January 2008 through December 2008 = 1. XTO Energy: horizontal off County Road 607. XTO Energy. where either the operator has not yet filed completion paperwork with the Commission.drilling permits have been issued for wells in Hamilton . Clay.135 entered on RRC records. south of Morgan St. north of U. west of U. north of Loop 820/I-20.Dallas. compiled by Adrienne Jones. • Gas Well Gas Production – January 2004 through December 2004 = 380 Bcf January 2005 through December 2005 = 503 Bcf January 2006 through December 2006 = 712 Bcf January 2007 through December 2007 = 1. Devon Energy: horizontal off County Road 1270. 287.521 permitted locations (represents pending oil or gas wells. Information provided by RigData. or the completed well has not yet been set up with a Commission identification number). Paradise: horizontal off West County Line Road. there are 3. Oklahoma City: horizontal off County Road 4421. Houston: horizontal off Pecan Road. Tarrant. Fort Worth: horizontal off Village Creek Road. Montague.643 January 2008 through December 2008 = 4.S. 2009 http://www. Carrizo Oil & Gas: horizontal off Orchard Hill Road.star-telegram. south of Farm Road 1192.S. north of Texas 114/Farm Road 156.563 Bcf January 2009 through June 2009 = 809 Bcf • For 2008 production accounts for 23% of Texas Production • Drilling Permits Issued – January 2004 through December 2004 = 1.162 • There are a total of 234 operators in the Newark. Midland: horizontal off Barnett Road. Palo Pinto. 377. • This field produces in nineteen (21) counties:Archer. East (Barnett Shale) Field. 287/Loop 820. 287/Texas 360.pdf • As of September 8. Quicksilver Resources: horizontal off Green Oaks Blvd. Jack County Best Petroleum Exploration. Williams Production Gulf Coast. and 23disposal permits were issued.rrc. and Wise.. 287/Farm Road 1810. Oklahoma City: horizontal off Spring Valley. Chesapeake Operating: horizontal off Mockingbird Lane. south of U. XTO Energy: horizontal off U. Clay County Harding Exploration.Jack. • In 2008 there were a total of 117 injection wells.S.503 January 2007 through December 2007 = 3.state.S. In addition. Chesapeake Operating: horizontal off Texas 171. In addition. Ellis. north of Farm Road 1173. north of U.S.112 January 2005 through December 2005 = 1.tx. 67.. Hood. Denton County Burlington Resources Oil & Gas Co. Johnson.629 January 2006 through December 2006 = 2. west of Texas 114 (West Rock Island Avenue). Shackelford and Stephens Counties. Carrizo saysit bought 45 acres of land at $8.aspx?MODE=SINGLE&ID=99 Burleson: http://www.barnettshalenews. 21.utexas.com/ http://www.com http://www. Carrizo cut the number of days its drilling rigs remain on station from 28 to 29 days in earlier wells to 23 to 24 UNG Report November 2009 12 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing .com/ http://www. Carrizo claimed a foothold in the Barnett and used that as a stairway to other shale plays around the county.williams.encana.spe.com/publications.bseec.edu/pttc/BSR/BSRpublications.gov/nm/st/en.org/ Powell Newsletter http://www.org/ http://www. the company says.tx. 24.lsu. where finding and development (F&D) costs average around $1.com/houston/ http://www.rangeresources.arlington.cc/ http://www.000 per well on top of the $3. Already an aggressive company.20.106/index.asp http://easttexas.com/City%20Depts/Public%20Works/Gas%20Well%20Drilling. hedged production to lock in higher prices.org/ http://163.dailysentinel.com http://www.html http://www.carrizo.html http://www. Those rigs should raise production by 110 MMcfge/d by the end of the year.ci.conocophillips.000 an acre for a net $400.star-telegram. Oklahoma. Although gas prices were lower as this article was produced.beg.cityofbenbrook. Texas.com/ http://www. all on the company's net 18.dallasnews.org/gaswells Fort Worth: Grand Prairie: http://www.bizjournals.000 net acres in the Barnett play.com/controls/eventview.epa.com/ PTTC Texas Region http://www. Leveraging its property position with a heavy reliance on 3-D seismic to choose drilling sites and avoid faults that could shortcircuit production.com/ http://www.000.xtoenergy.com http://www.234.com http://www.gov/region6/ http://www.us/ http://www. Kansas Bureau of Economic Geology Dallas Geological Society East Texas Geological Society East Texas SPE Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Kilgore Herald Louisiana Geological Survey Railroad Commission of Texas Region 6 EPA Texas Independent Producers and Royalty Owners Association The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality.000 acres in Tarrant County in the Barnett core.html Arlington: Benbrook: http://www.html OPERATORS Burlington Resources/ConocoPhillips Carrizo Oil & Gas Chesapeake Operating. Quicksilver Resources Inc.fortworthgov.chk. Range Production Company Williams Production XTO Energy Inc OP ER ATOR S For more detailed information look at Don Lyle’s Operator Profiles in the Hart’s Barnett Shale Playbook available in December 2009 Carrizo Oil & Gas Inc.com/ http://dallas.html BARNETT SPECIFIC Barnett Shale Energy Education Council (BSEEC) http://www. Carrizo had 75.com/home/index.easttexasgeo.org/ http://www.bizjournals.utexas. Carrizo. Devon Energy Production Encana Oil & Gas EOG Resources. Inc.lgs.eogresources.html http://www. It plans to keep three rigs running in 2009.devonenergy.aspx http://www.rrc.3-million well cost.com/en/home.dgs.htm CITY GAS WELL INFORMATION LINKS http://www. In early 2009.tx. During 2008.kilgorenewsherald. Carrizo has identified 812 potential locations for both exploratory and development drilling with horizontal wells. Inc.burlesontx.tipro.000 in the core counties.qrinc.us/planning/gas_drilling.aspx http://www.com/dallas/ http://www.000 net acres in tier two counties with F&D costs around $2.27/Mcfge.blm.com/ http://houston.org/EnvironmentalServices/GasDrilling/GasDrillingIndex.000 in the tier one counties with a $178/Mcfge F&D cost and 30.state. http://www. like many other companies.gcags.com/ http://www.com/EN/Pages/index.org/ http://www.gptx.edu/ http://www. Those properties gave the company a 39% internal rate of return at a gas price of $7/Mcf and an 18% return with gas at $5.kilgorenewsherald.com/Pages/default.chron.25/Mcfge.aspx NEWSPAPERS Dallas Morning News Dallas Business Journal Fort Worth Star Telegram Kilgore Herald Houston Chronicle Houston Business Journal Nacogdoches Daily Sentinel http://www.edu/ http://www.W EBSI TES GENERAL BLM New Mexico.beg. based on 60-acre spacing. Looking at Tarrant County economics. Acquisition of 3-D seismic cost $30. In a 2009 presentation. Chesapeake controls 310. As prices remain tight. Devon is the largest natural gas producer in the Barnett Shale. up 12% from the same quarter a year earlier. it drilled 112 successful wells on the property during 2007 and produced 60 MMcfge/d from the property with peak production around 80 MMcfge/d. Devon established a position in the Barnett Shale in 2002 through the company’s acquisition of Mitchell Energy and Development Corp. In 2006. The company attributed its improved drilling time to Helmerich & Payne's Flex rigs and Schlumberger's rotary steerable drilling tools. Chesapeake lowered its rig count. Devon planned to drill nearly 230 Barnett wells in 2009.6 million. 559 of which were operated. Gross production at the end of the second quarter of 2009 was 950 MMcfge/d. Chesapeake received a 36% rate of return on its average Barnett well. along with other unconventional gas plays. it conducted the only 3-D seismic survey ever conducted on an airport in the United States. it had as many as five drilling rigs working and participated in 93 wells in the shale. a 12% increase over the second quarter of 2008 and essentially flat with the first quarter of 2009. After acquiring rights to work the Barnett shale play on airport properties in late 2006.000 net acres in the basin. For 2009. It invested $83 million in the play that year and finished with 33 MMcf of gas. It planned to operate an average of 17 rigs in the Barnett play in the second half of 2009 to drill 145 new wells and average 18 rigs in 2010 to drill another 310 wells.7 Tcfge of risked unproved reserves. It planned to expand its position there.000 bbl of oil a day. It produced about a fourth of all the gas from the Barnett with 90% of its leases in the most productive areas of the field.2 Tcfge of Barnett proved reserves and 4.days in more current wells.000 bbl of natural gas liquids and 1. At a New York Mercantile Exchange price of $7/MMBtu.8 million to $3.65 Bcfge per well. the company drilled a record 659 Barnett wells. it said “U.S. Chesapeake estimated 3. Chesapeake Energy Corp. It is the second-largest producer in the play and the most prolific driller and largest leaseholder in the core and Tier 1 counties--Tarrant. The primary catalyst for growth in reserves and production has been a development program using horizontal drilling coupled with fracture stimulation technology. fracture stimulation enhances permeability in the shale. The Barnett dominates Chesapeake's shale operations. Johnson. At the end of 2008. While horizontal drilling minimizes the surface disturbance of the company’s operations in the area. Devon is the largest lease holder in the play with about 700. it is selectively deferring completions for maximum economic benefit and will continue to develop its more viable areas with 1. an asset worth developing.31/Mcfe. ConocoPhillips doesn't release much information about specific plays in its worldwide inventory. Devon’s Barnett production averaged 1. Burlington Resources already had worked the play for several years.000 net acres. as it concentrated on the more gas-prone areas of the Barnett. Devon planned to drill about 230 wells. more than 3. The company's Dallas-Fort Worth Airport project demonstrates the scale of operations the large company can undertake. Production increased to 42 MMcf of gas. The Barnett shale is an important asset in Devon’s portfolio. raising its acreage position to 127. ConocoPhillips became the sixth largest producer in the Barnett play with 13. ConocoPhillips Inc. At that time.2 Bcfge/d . Wise. the company has led technological advancements that have allowed the play to grow into the nation’s most prolific natural gas field. 750 risked net undrilled wells with an estimated average of 2. UNG Report November 2009 13 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing .000 net acres of land in the Barnett and produced approximately 100 MMcf/d of gas at the end of 2008. well costs dropped to $2. The company paid a 25% royalty and it's finding and development cost was $1.000 barrels of oil equivalent per day from all company sources.” Devon drilled 659 Barnett wells in 2008. including 11 horizontal wells. demonstrated significant growth. Burlington noted the company focused operations in the Barnett in Denton and Wise counties in the core area. When ConocoPhillips bought its way into the play. Net production climbed to nearly 1.800. Hook and Johnson counties. Devon has a position in 10 north Texas counties. Its position in the core area of Barnett allowed it to drill most of the top-producing wells in the play. It has some 28. During the second quarter of 2009. At the same time. ConocoPhillips’ acquisition of Burlington Resources Inc. Devon reported a record daily production of 719.2 Bcfge in production between January and May of 2007. Devon had some 7. onshore natural gas production. By the end of the second quarter of 2009.000 bbl of oil a day. According to the company's 2008 annual report.000-ft and 500-ft offset infill programs. Today. ConocoPhillips executives said the company still held 110. and 280. Hood.200 b/d of natural gas liquids and 1.2 Bcfge/d by the end of 2008 even though the company reduced its drilling budget to match lower gas prices. up approximately 40% from the same point in 2008 putting the play at the top of its unconventional gas resource heap.000 net acres southwest of the Barnett core in Palo Pinto County.000 acres in Parker. Devon EnergyCorp. Since then. It had drilled 539 wells in 2007 and 383 in 2006. Parker and Palo Pinto counties.5 Tcfge from the Barnett.000 net acres in the core area and another 22. 4. In August 2009. At the end of the second quarter of 2009. extracting more than 1 Bcf of natural gas each day from the play. assuming continued development on 60-acre spacing.5 million in earlier wells. it had added holdings. but it's clear the major company considers the Barnett. bringing its Barnett producing well count to more than 3. It also held 70. Stronger than expected performance from the company’s base production in the Barnett Shale helped to drive company-wide reported production to a record high. ConocoPhillips also considers the play important. Johnson and western Dallas counties. Chesapeake finished the second quarter of 2009 with net Barnett production of 650 MMcfge/d.5 million in new wells from $3 million to $3. At the time. it continued to develop its acreage in Denton. made it an instant top 10 player in the Barnett in 2006. During 2008. Using results from the 3-D shoot. In its 2004 annual report. the company said. Following the Burlington Resources acquisition. It also had 2. the average company well cost $2.000 net acres in the Barnett play. 208 operated.500 undrilled locations and had produced more than 1. At that time. led by the Barnett Shale Feld in Texas. Since gas prices dropped in the second half of 2008. Crews had to work at night under strict US Homeland Security and local airport security restrictions to avoid disrupting operations at one of the busiest airports in the United States.000 net acres are in the core and Tier 1 areas of the play. it provided 37% of Devon's total proved reserves and 28% of its oil and gas production. 000 boe in February. In the second quarter of 2009.000 acres in Clay and Archer counties. The properties in that purchase lie in Tarrant. The Alliance leasehold covers 13. where more than 5 Tcf of total potential (gas equivalent) resources have been identified.000 Barnett acres already held by the company. Quicksilver Resources Inc. It's horizontal wells in Johnson County came in at higher rates than any other producer in the area. although much smaller than the company's Colorado properties. and the companies agreed to examine the 270. 2008. to 45.000 acres of Barnett properties for $147 million from a group of companies that included Aspect Abundant Shale LP. it drilled 29 (22. That's a significant addition to the 34. oil and liquids prices. for a total of 210.5%-27. 2009. According to a September. In August.000 net acres in the Barnett and 90% of that acreage was in the core and Tier 1 areas.8 Tcfge in resource potential with more than 1. it held 35. It closed 2007 with production of 375 MMcfge/d from the Barnett. Hood. 2009. UNG Report November 2009 14 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing . Wise. EOG holds gas-prone leases in Jack.9 net) wells and connected 27 (25. Wise.000 bbl of oil. slightly more than at the end of 2009. Stephens and Palo Pinto counties north and west of the gas play The company ended 2007 with production of 375 MMcfge/d from the Barnett and it raised that rate during 2008 with more than 400 new wells. 2009. but it had booked only 1. If they find candidates with potential. Clay. Range Resources Corp. It focused its early gas recovery techniques on Johnson County. and approximately 310 MMcfge/d from the combo play by the same time. EOG's success in the combo play also displayed the company's technologic expertise. Denton. 2009.5 MMcfge/d net.000 bbl of liquids and 540 MMcf of gas. Even if the acquisition doesn't go through. EOG was one of the earliest users of horizontal drilling to enhance well production.000 net acres within the company’s defined core fairway. probable and possible reserves on its existing properties. and it provided the company a 23% return at a New York Mercantile Exchange gas price of $4/MMBtu.000 acres in Montague and Cooke counties and another 144.000 acres in the gas play. With less than 40% of the acreage in the core fairway currently developed. continued strong growth in the company's core production area. Quicksilver produced 263 MMcfge/d and had unbooked resources of more than 3 Tcfge from all of its Barnett properties at the halfway point of 2009. according to a late September. EOG's wells and 60 wells by other operators have proved up a Barnett oil fairway 40 miles east to west and 20 miles north to south.000 bbl of natural gas liquids and 260 MMcf of gas. If the deal goes through. Montague.2 net) wells to sales and had five rigs working in the basin. Range produced a net 120 MMcfge/d from its Barnett properties and had recently tested seven Denton County wells that produced at a combined rate of 17 MMcfge/d.000 net acres of Barnett holdings and a 10-year project inventory. Some 42. Oil prone Barnett leases are in Archer.5% basis. EOG estimated potential reserves from the the gas portion of the Barnett play between 5 Tcfge and 7. a result of more efficient drilling and better well results.000 additional drilling locations in the core area. including four rigs in the Lake Arlington andAlliance areas in Tarrant and Denton counties. 2009. Hill. In July 2008.14/Mcfge. The Williams Companies Inc. Quicksilver increased Barnett production 54% between the end of the second quarter of 2008 and the same date in 2009. The company has leased approximately 275. east Parker. While some other companies curtailed Barnett Shale operations as gas prices dropped in the last half of 2008. develop and exploit unconventional gas in that area on a 72. XTO Energy Inc.6 MMcfge. Williams planned to contract two more rigs to work the new properties. 81. Jack. it acquired some 10. The Barnett offered 1. Range trimmed working rigs to 14 at the end of the second quarter of 2009 from 30 at the same time a year earlier. Hood and Johnson counties and include 41 wells producing a net 9 MMcfge/d.000 net acres in the Barnett with 90 MMcfge/d of production. Parker. The combo play totaled 194. Texas. the company produced 88 MMcfge/d from its Barnett Shale and Arkoma Basin properties combined. for a total of 152. the company held 109.000 net acres in its core fairway. 2009. and counted 50 MMboe of proved reserves and a 50% after-tax rate of return at September. Italian energy giant Eni. presentation. Stephens and Somervell counties. In addition to Johnson County properties. At the end of that year. By the end of March. Eni said the arrangement added 23 million boe of proven reserves and 17 million boe of probable and possible reserves to its corporate stockpile. In June. Palo Pinto. probable and possible reserves to that number. it produced 110 MMcfge/d gross.5% share in Quicksilver's Alliance leasehold in the Barnett Shale for $280 million. up from about 70 MMcfge/d at the end of 2009. EOG Resources Inc. By the end of the second quarter. made a name for itself as one of the early entrants to the Barnett Shale play outside the core area. based on 250-acre spacing.4 Tcfge by mid-2009. returned the highest growth.000 net acres of that total were in Tarrant./d. according to an analyst presentation. the company stepped up its use of automated rigs and more efficient frac jobs to lower well costs.EOG Resources Inc.000 bbl of oil. The company continued development work its 175. McClennan. and helped make that county the most prolific producer outside the Barnett core. Cook. It claimed 192. Currently the company is high-grading its Barnett properties as it works some 250 drilling sites. Its per-well net average reserve potential changed from 75. At the end of 2008.000 net acres in this world-class basin.000 boe in March. presentation to investors. 2008. EOG planned between 100 and 120 Barnett combo play wells in 2009. Quicksilver brought in a partner. The finding and development cost was $1.2 Tcfge. Williams will hold 277 Bcfge in proved. including more than 173. Quicksilver Resources Inc. it will add 175 Bcfge in proved.000 acres of properties surrounding that leasehold. from the Barnett alone. Eni acquired a 27. In May. It also completed two northeast Parker County wells with one reaching an initial production of 7. Erath. It planned to produce 400 MMcfge/d from the gas-prone area by November 2012. Range Resources Corp. they will jointly acquire. The Barnett Shale. 34. At the end of 2008. Bosque. Johnson. northwest Ellis and southwest Dallas counties. probable and possible reserves. in addition to the 650.000 acres. it claimed 190 Bcfge of proved reserves in the Barnett and 430 Bcfge of proved. 75. east Hood. the company expects to achieve continued growth in production and reserves in Texas. Overall. increased production from its Barnett properties even as it cut the number of rigs working the play to two. com/NR/rdonlyres/D341AE18-4532-4B6E-AAF8-842FDD71A138/0/f32sjarviefinalworldwideshaleresourceplays. the company held 277. or 621 MMcfge/d.com/ Bounty from Below: The Impact of Developing Natural Gas Resources Associated with the Barnett Shale on Business Activity in Fort Worth and the Surrounding 14-County Area.wwgeochem.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Fe ed%3A+houstonchronicle%2Fenergy+%28HoustonChronicle.pdf Givens. Busbey.pdf Kinley.mpl/business/energy/6720223.7 million acres of leases in the nation's top five shale plays. About 25% of that constitutes proved. http://pubs. The rig total had been as high as 25 in 2007. Mahlon. Ruble.com/resources/Hill$2C+Jarvie+et+al+oil+and+gas+geochemistry+Ft+Worth+Basin. It did not identify the seller. and it maintained a high growth level in the Barnett and its other major shale plays. Hill. Stubborn In His Vision Mitchell's Persistence Laid Groundwork For Shale Gas Surge... http://pubs. Travis J. Daniel M.barnettshalenews. Jr.2 Bcfge/d a year earlier.com/research/barnett-shale-gas. L. according to a company report.ihs.. The company also is installed midstream infrastructure to accommodate planned growth. John. Province 5045 (Province 45) http://certmapper. Mitchell.com/docs/Barnett_Shale_Impact_Study. developed reserves.com/documents/Marcellus%20-%20What%20We've%20Learned%20in%20the%20Barnett.wwgeochem.pdf Fowler. Hank. producing some 631 MMcfge/d net from the Barnett Shale. http://www. William J.com/Barnetthydro. http://www. One reason for the company's phenomenal growth showed in its 2008 strategic acquisition program when it spent some $11 billion to get 1. http://www. April 3.wwgeochem.. Henry. Pollastro.usgs. west Texas and southeastern New Mexico.com/resources/Jarvie+et+al. Present. Those properties hold estimated proved reserves of more than 300 Bcfge. Richard M.pdf Ball. Arthur B.aspx Hill. http://www. https://www. the Arlington Surber B 2H. November 14.. production climbed to 2. ONLI NE R ESOUR CES Airhart. Delaware Basin.republicenergy.gov/fs/2004/3022/fs-2004-3022.. and the Barnett accounted for 22% of the total. Igniting a Hunt for Unconventional Natural Gas Resources. Richard M.com/ Jarvie.9 Bcfge/d. M.000 net acres in the Barnett Shale and had 10 drilling rigs running.pdf UNG Report November 2009 15 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing .texerra. May 2007. the company signed a definitive agreement to acquire 12. http://www. Pollastro.pdf Geologic Controls on the Growth of Petroleum Reserves. U. Peter.6 MMcfge/d.gov/data/noga95/prov45/text/prov45. is a Barnett shale powerhouse. 2007.S. Unconventional shale-gas systems: The Mississippian Barnett Shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment. http://www. Roanld J. Zumberge. Breyer.com/disp/story.chron.cr. At the end of the period. http://expertsreviewof. By the end of the second quarter of 2009.usgs.000 wells. Zhao. Lance W... XTO currently has some 2.XTO Energy Inc. and Future Contribution of the Barnett Shale to the Economy of Fort Worth and the Surrounding Area March 2009. Jarvie.shtml Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Bend Arch-Fort Worth Basin Province of North-Central Texas and Southwestern Oklahoma. Marc. http://geology.com/resources/Kinley+et+al.com/Articles/Barnett_Shale/Barnett.pdf The Barnett Shale Formation of North Texas and Oklahoma. Daniel M. Oil and gas geochemistry and petroleum systems of the Fort Worth Basin. Among its best core-area wells in the second quarter of 2009 were the Gafford C 1H with an initial potential of 5.pdf Jarvie Presentation http://energy. 2009.pdf An Enduring Resource: A Perspective on the Past. In July.900 net acres of Barnett shale properties adjacent to its existing holdings for approximately $800 million. Houston Chronicle. The Barnett Shale: Not So Simple After All. The Energy Fort Worth Basin/Barnett Shale Natural Gas Play: An Assessment of Present and Projected Fresh Water Use. Developing the Marcellus Shale: What We’ve Experienced in the Barnett Shale. up from 2. Perry. Tom.+2007+AAPG+Bulletin+-+Unconventional+shale-gas+systems. Geological Survey Bulletin 2172-I. Cook. The acquisition also will increase the company's production from the Barnett by 35 MMcfge/d.barnettshaleexpo.pdf http://www. Will. http://www.com Galusky. Bend Arch-Fort Worth Basin.1 MMcfge/d and the Gafford D 1H at 4. Hydrocarbon potential of the Barnett Shale (Mississippian).. 2003.barnettshaleexpo. John a.pdf Brackett. http://www. Daniel M.gov/bul/b2172-i/pdf/B2172-I.com/docs/2009_eco_report.usgs. Natalie.wwgeochem.+Aug+2008+Delaware+Basin+paper. Tim E.5 MMcfge/d. at 5. Jarvie. Ronald J. S.com/resources/Pollastro$2C+Jarvie+et+al. The Barnett Shale Visitors Guide to the Hottest Gas Play in the US. Fort Worth basin.6 trillion cubic feet equivalent. Geologic framework of the Mississippian Barnett Shale.doe. pdf Powell.000 feet and are coupled with multi-stage fracs.eia. Operations.wwgeochem. horizontal-drilling technology and the application of 3-D seismic.500 wells to 4 billion per day from 10.1 millidarcy—with average porosity of 5% to 6%. Pollastro. The majority of the production has been from the northern portion of the basin. challenges.barnettshalenews.org/explorer/2006/02feb/barnett_shale. February 2006 http://www. Integrated Synthesis Of The Permian Basin: Data And Models For Recovering Existing And Undiscovered Oil Resources From The Largest Oil-Bearing Basin In The U. Challenges include land access and urban development. Shaun Finnie.000 square miles. Feb 1. The interval is lithologically variable and consists of siliceous shale (the primary reservoir). has a total organic content (TOC) of more than 3% and is thermally mature. UNG Report November 2009 16 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing . The attraction to the area includes the large estimated potential of some 30 trillion cubic feet equivalent of gas. where the shale is more than 300 feet thick.000 feet in the northeast. technology.netl.tudorpickering. http://www.utexas. Geology. Barnett Shale Information..rrc.gov/pub/oil_gas/natural_gas/analysis_publications/ngpipeline/southeast. Horizontal wells designed with multiple. Developing the shale within urban areas has created a unique set of land-access issues..3 billion cubic feet equivalent per day from more than 6. Jarvie. with thicknesses ranging from 50 feet to as much as 1. Attractions. currently dominate the trend and allow for better recoveries and help to avoid surface obstacles in urban areas. Tarrant and Johnson. Richard M. Although the Barnett underlies approximately 17 counties. Daniel M.+2007+AAPG+Geologic+framework+of+the+Miss.tx. The productive area has rapidly grown in the past several years. The horizontal laterals are from 2. Bend arch–FortWorth Basin. The northern region of the play is also an area in which the shale is encased in dense limestone—Marble Falls stratigraphically above and the Viola below—that helps to contain induced fractures through hydraulic-fracture applications.us/barnettshale/index. http://www. David Cecil and Adrian Goodisman .html Pollastro. Denton.php Tinker.beg. October 2005 http://www. http://www. The Current and Future Role of Unconventional Gas in U.000 to 3. 2009 The Barnett shale trend in the Fort Worth Basin of north-central Texas represents one of most prolific onshore gas fields in the U. Jarvie.com/resources/Montgomery$2C+Jarvie+et+al+AAPG+E$26P+paper+2005. an increase of nearly 75% in production and almost 40% in the number of wells.S.S. Production from the Barnett has significantly increased in the past 18 months from 2. with approximately 3. Energy. http://www.pdf Ruppel.pdf Tudor Pickering. http://www. environmental issues and gas-price sensitivity. and away from the core productive area of Newark East Field in Tarrant County.pdf OGI BAR NETT FULL TEXT AR TI CLES Regional Spotlight: Barnett Shale. Each county may have potential for further development.. Mississippian Barnett Shale. Recent Developments in the Barnett Shale http://www. Permeability is low—generally less than 0.9 trillion having been produced just since 2000. primarily in four Texas counties—Wise. Royalty rates and bonus payments have increased in the basin during the past few years.pdf Natural Gas Pipelines in the Southwest Region.+Barnett+Shale. Hill. Horizontal wells. Ronald J.400 wells. Adams.edu/presentations/presentations/2009_Presentations/Tinker%20IOGCC%20Unconventional%20Gas%2009. limestone and minor dolomite.500 feet. Final Technical Report 11/01/04 – 10/30/08 http://www. AAPG Explorer. Richard M. Texas.gov/technologies/oil-gas/publications/EPreports/NT15509_FinalReport. including the city of Fort Worth.aapg. The Barnett is Mississippian in age and occurs at between 6.. The variability in permeability and porosity across the play is critical to understanding well performance. Scott. some drilled from multi-well pads.doe.com/documents/2009TAEPExpo/Recent%20Developments%20in%20the%20Barnett%20Shale.state.wwgeochem. Daniel M. hydraulic-fracture treatments have been effective in avoiding water-bearing zones in the absence of Viola limestone in counties south of the core area. Michael E. Production and reserve increases have occurred as a result of new developments in hydraulic fracturing.Montgomery. expanding into many urban areas.cfm Texas Railroad Commission. extensive infrastructure and improvements in drilling and completion technology.. Scotia Waterous. Barnett-Paleozoic total petroleum system.pdf Texas Reservoir Chased Under Urban Setting Barnett Shale a Stimulating Play. Craig W. offering opportunities for extended growth. north-central Texas: Gas-shale play with multi–trillion cubic foot potential. However. only five have been extensively developed. The play covers approximately 5. operators have designed wells and completion techniques to avoid communication with water-bearing zones in the absence of Viola. Kent A. Bowker. as the play has moved away from the core area. Scott L. Stephen C. The shale has a cumulative production of more than 4.com/pdfs/TheBarnettShaleReport.500 and 8. relatively small.. 5 Bcfe each. and in late February more than 80 rigs were at work in the astonishing play. Recently. and it has endured a long and complicated history of thermal events. some limits do exist.. producers. as well as western Wise County. It began to push horizontal drilling forward both inside and outside the core area after its acquisition of Mitchell Energy in early 2002. three are drilling horizontal wells and three are at work on vertical wells. Too.2 Tcf. Top producers. "The horizontal wells have helped us overcome some of the geological complexities of the play.1 billion cubic feet of gas equivalent (Bcfe) per day from what is now the largest gas field in Texas. Additionally. currently produces 560 million net cubic feet of gas per day from its interests in some 1. extensive existing infrastructure and excellent market access. the company drilled 88 horizontal Barnett wells. the shale carries high concentrations of carbonates that inhibit its productivity.2% of total gross operated production. Truly. Vertical wells in the core area recover an average of about 1. have been active in acquiring smaller private companies. Nothing is as it should be. XTO Energy Inc.4% of gross operated production. Mitchell. the Barnett is in the oil window. through its acquisition of Mitchell Energy & Development Corp. The company's focus has turned to horizontal drilling. Since then. and now controls 4." The company has acquired seismic over a vast majority of its acreage. It has rights to some 415. Texas-based Mitchell Energy & Development Corp.000 acres of leases outside the core. Devon's goal is to hold its production flat. "The whole world is upside down in the Barnett Shale. by far the largest operator in the Barnett. it will drill some areas adjacent to the eastern and northern core.000 square miles. from where we were five years ago to what's going on now. Barnett Wonderland Peggy Williams. This year. as it transitions to increased activity outside the core.000 feet to less than 50 feet.25 Bcfe each. and parts yield green oil. it plans to start a downspacing pilot. including 93." Bowker says of the founder of The Woodlands. and Range Resources Corp. The majority of recent transactions have been made by existing producers. not conventional reservoir rocks. western Denton and northern Tarrant counties. "People have spent a bunch of money on leases to find out. (For more on the Barnett play. March 2002. and he overcame many obstacles. Bowker. and we produce about 40 million per day from outside the core area. in the basin's deepest part. "Eventually. such as Devon.. the Ouachita Thrust-Fold Belt provides another physical barrier. Still. to the east. an independent producer and consultant based in The Woodlands." About two years later.000-acre position there. Mitchell Energy spent years perfecting vertical-well completions in this area. Through the use of advanced drilling and completions technology. Geological Survey (USGS) estimated that the Barnett Shale contained total mean undiscovered resources of 26. He worked the play for 17 years before he started to make money. Parts of the play produce dry gas." says Foster. Already. is the top producer in the area." says Brad Foster." Larry Nichols. Until quite recently. thus consolidating their positions in the region. with the most geographically aggressive metrics paid in Tarrant and Denton counties. the Barnett will continue to be a successful long-life. Now. Here. we want undisturbed sediments without any faults or folds. bringing to 150 the number it has completed. Devon will spend $360 million in the Barnett this year. "There's one man basically responsible for the Barnett play-George P. both in and outside UNG Report November 2009 17 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing . Some 3. Devon vice president and general manager.000 acres in Johnson County and 175. That's why the industry is so excited about the play. it is far from uniform. Transaction metrics in the region are highly sensitive to location within the play. which sold its assets to Devon Energy Corp. "We're looking at refracing core wells with foam fracs.. and we drill downdip of the oil leg so we can find gas.700 wells are making 1. horizontal wells appear capable of making an average of 2. within the core area. It reaches thicknesses of more than 400 feet and is amenable to exploitation via vertical wells. but we don't know yet where those limits are.) "Mr. 2005 The Barnett Shale play is booming. Texas. since land access is such a large issue for a new entrant. After the Mitchell purchase. told fellow producers at a program in Houston recently that he had looked at buying Mitchell Energy in 1999 while the Barnett program was somewhat nascent. in certain noncore areas. parts have gas and condensate." says Kent A. Although the core is now mature. Bowker says. became a large producer through its recent acquisitions for $1. producing region. Here. A premium source rock. continuous-type gas accumulation that extends over some 7. Mitchell knew there was something there. with 28.31 billion. and it continues to investigate various fracturing techniques. Quicksilver Resources Inc. Devon chairman and chief executive. This year. Chesapeake Energy Corp. On the northeast side of the basin.2 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of gas. along with 1 billion barrels of gas liquids. the Mississippian-age Barnett is found at depths between 6.. the U." The Barnett is the poster child for unconventional accumulations." Oil and Gas Investor. Between 2003 and 2006. Although the shale was deposited across much of the Fort Worth Basin. a testament to Devon's success with horizontal technology as well as its extensive acreage position. in 2002. Certainly. Nichols made an offer and an apology to George Mitchell.500 feet.000 acres in Parker County. it has generated and captured its own hydrocarbons. This year.900 shale wells. and fracs in the past in vertical wells outside the core were spectacularly unsuccessful. shale thicknesses vary across the basin from more than 1. "Some 23% of our total Barnett production is now coming from our 135 horizontal producing wells. see "The Barnett Shale.S. It exhibits widely varying lithologies. More than 90% of its production comes from the core area." says Bowker. it is an Alice-in-Wonderland play. Devon embarked on an aggressive program to drill up the vertical-well inventory. That leaves a huge swath of potential in the countryside south and west of the traditional core. central division. and the shale's ultra-low permeabilities make the fluid phase uneconomic at present. it plans to drill 156 horizontals. And there's a whole lot of territory that looks prospective: the USGS interprets the Barnett Shale as a giant. the company is not yet finished in the core area." Last year. "And we're looking at ways to exploit the Upper Barnett interval. the North Texas play has produced 1. the shale terminates against (or possibly dives beneath) the Muenster Arch." Horizontal breakthrough Devon Energy Corp. The company is running 14 rigs at present: eight are drilling horizontal wells outside the core. exploding with activity.500 and 8. Not the least of producers' obstacles in the Barnett Shale was its contrary nature. Competent carbonate beds occur above and below the Barnett interval and are able to confine hydraulic stimulation treatments. The Barnett won't produce unless it's stimulated. On the north and west sides of the basin. in 2001. commercial production was confined to a core area covering some 400 square miles in eastern Wise. there was a scramble to acquire unleased acreage in the Barnett. the Barnett will get too shallow and too thin to the south and west of the core to support economic production.3-D seismic has become useful to better understand both the reservoir and local structure. and "we turned our noses up because we didn't think it would work. horizontal drilling-and specialized horizontal stimulation treatments-have unlocked the potential of the noncore area. Devon's 2005 program is focusing on Johnson and Parker counties. Devon still has more than 200 locations on its 120. Transaction activity. but that is rapidly changing. "It's unbelievable. We look for shale. One hundred of those wells will lie outside the core area. Devon Energy Corp. Quicksilver. April 29. And.. we have built our production back up to 20 million per day. The operator is running five rigs in the Barnett and expects to drill 90 wells this year. and recently completed a volumetric production payment arrangement for $87 million. "We initially started drilling vertical wells and experimented with some different frac and completion approaches.) Now. drill long laterals.to 3." Oil and Gas Investor. 250 Barnett wells and a production capacity of 110 million cubic feet of gas per day. Hallwood will have four rigs drilling. we have been finding that one-quarter to one-third of a lease in the noncore area is not attractive for horizontal drilling. and Chesapeake noted in a recent conference call that it had identified about 70 proved undeveloped and 90 probable and possible horizontal locations on the acreage. but the play has expanded to the point that these holdings are now solidly in the desirable fairway. These days. see "The Barnett Barrels Along. two are producing. the effectiveness of the frac job is directly related to the productivity of the well. Texas-based Hallwood Energy Corp. Segner noted. and there can be disappointing results. of which 15% to 20% is curtailed due to market-access issues. Hallwood and Chesapeake have quite a bit of company in Johnson County. and outside the AMI for our own account. making this its busiest year yet in the shale play.2 million for its horizontal wells. That's because three-quarters of Johnson County lies in the Barnett's dry-gas window. monoclinal areas to drill. And." says president and chief executive officer S. Those two wells were drilled by Cleburne.000 feet. Chief is adding activity in Johnson County." Hallwood has already replaced the net acres that were sold to Chesapeake with new Barnett Shale leasing. It figures an average allin cost of $1." says Bill Marble. Today. It was able to orient its wells in the northwest-southeast direction it preferred. "We have continued to expand our holdings.000-foot lateral and three to four frac stages. Today. most of that coming from Johnson County. Hallwood retained 56% ownership and operations of the South Block. where it has significant leaseholds in two concentrated areas. the center of Barnett activity has dramatically relocated to Johnson County.6 million for a horizontal well with a 2.500. "We were looking for a long-lived. The asset is just north of Hallwood's 34." says Carvalho. Last fall. in which Chesapeake owns a 44% working interest. "We recognized that we could make commercial vertical wells. and maintain optimum spacing between its wells. At the time. Of this batch. involving three new wells surrounding an existing production well. We look for the most quiet. October 2004. the North Block was producing about 25 million cubic feet of gas per day from 31 vertical and 11 horizontal wells.to 8 million cubic feet per day. Hallwood sold 40% of its assets to Oklahoma City-based producer Chesapeake Energy Corp. it plans to drill 70 vertical and 56 horizontal wells in the core.8 million in its second day online. The firm is currently running four rigs. The company makes extensive use of 3-D seismic to site its wells. "It is certainly possible to drill dry holes and poor wells in the Barnett Shale. EOG is also looking at the potential for downspacing in Johnson County. December 2003. "Chip" Johnson IV. "Typically. in addition to its Parker County work." Oil and Gas Investor. "From the microseismic work. It is running a 50-acre downspacing pilot. with a third scheduled to come onstream in mid-March. This summer. "We're always looking for new ways to complete the wells. Then we moved to horizontal wells. "The play keeps growing all the time. Now we're several generations of completions down the road.P. Chief focuses on horizontal drilling." Johnson County booms In the past year and a half. Sometime this summer. In the Barnett. the company began a Johnson County drilling program that led directly to the present boom. and plans to raise that to as many as seven rigs by the end of the year. There is a lack of infrastructure in the area: "The gas marketing situation is not good in Parker County. Now our top challenges are obtaining rigs and seismic crews.) Growing with the play Privately held Chief Oil & Gas LLC has blossomed right along with the Barnett play. Hood. Chief is the second-largest producer in the Barnett Shale.000-acre North Block property for $292 million." The company also uses microseismic techniques to help fine-tune its frac treatments. Proved reserves were 135 Bcfe. and expects to achieve gas rates of at least 55 million cubic feet per day from the shale by year-end." Last year." Chief has been running an aggressive program in Parker County. "From the acreage that we retained after the sale of the North Block. Hallwood had a clean slate on which to work. its leases were considered fringe acreage.000 acres of land and is producing 4 million cubic feet of gas equivalent UNG Report November 2009 18 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing . in its entire history only some 200 million cubic feet of gas had been produced from within its borders. Chesapeake plans to run three rigs." says Foster. It has shot more than 20 3-D surveys. The Dallas-based company started a leasing program in northwestern Tarrant and Denton counties and drilled its first shale well in 1997. which was a big step in itself. (For more on EOG's activity in the Barnett. it will run two rigs in Johnson County. There is little question that the Barnett is a phenomenal." says Marble.000 acres and drilled 40 vertical wells that were producing 20 million cubic feet of gas per day. These days.5 Bcfe each. It has 200." Hallwood's most recent well is spiking 6. announced a major initiative in the Barnett." As there was little prior activity in Johnson County. 17 rigs were working in Johnson County alone." (For more on Chief's and other earlier efforts. from 1. Carrizo began by taking small working interests in Barnett wells drilled by several Fort Worth-based independents. with producers expected to make average ultimate reserves of 2.of the core area. where it has already drilled 10 wells. boring.to 4 Bcfe per well. world-class asset for Devon. At press time. it did not need processing infrastructure. geology and geophysics. It is also considering stacked laterals to increase gas recovery from the shale. At the time of the Chesapeake purchase. introducing much larger volumes of water into its completions." After five years of immersion in the Barnett. has been in the Barnett since early 2003. develop orderly drilling programs. president and chief of staff Edmund Segner said the company's goal is to exit 2005 with production of 100 million cubic feet per day. and it won't drill a horizontal well without one.. see "Momentum. "The Barnett Shale is the gift that keeps on giving. It estimated average costs of $2. so we put a great deal of effort into getting the best frac. and the well sold 4. When privately held Hallwood started working there. "What we are seeing now is a fundamental shift to cooperation between companies. which exceeds thicknesses of 250 feet through much of Johnson County. Hallwood vice president of land and engineering. Houstonbased EOG Resources Inc. then it began acquiring leases in Parker. while it had to lay gas lines and build gathering systems as it progressed.000 acres it owns in Johnson County." says Tony Carvalho. Devon.. "We regularly exceed the core-area rates in our horizontal wells. which gained Hallwood's 18. and it was home to two of the best Barnett wells in the entire play. we believe the fracture half-length can be more than 2. Indeed. Marble notes. Beginning in April." One of the key findings of its extensive seismic program has been the large numbers of karsted and faulted areas it has identified. During 2005. Newer players Houston-based Carrizo Oil & Gas Inc. During a recent presentation. centering on the 93.000 acres. manufacturing-type play to complement our onshore Gulf Coast exploration drilling. it holds some 40. both inside our area of mutual interest (AMI) with Chesapeake in the southern block. and has launched an intensive reservoir characterization effort.000-acre South Block property. Chief avoids any broad generalizations about the play. In 2002. and we try new approaches. "We avoid geologic features in the Barnett like the plague. By early 2002 it had accumulated about 16. "The major leasing play is over in the Barnett. "There is a significant range in well quality. which pioneered Johnson County.000 net acres. The company has continually pressed the envelope. Its total position in the play exceeds 400. but a remedy will come within a year as companies build pipelines. south of Fort Worth. southern Tarrant and Johnson counties. horizontal frac treatments are multistage and use up to 8 million gallons of water. the county had no production. the company expects to announce results of that project." Today. vice president. " Hutton says. into the expansion area and now beyond. Jack and Palo Pinto counties are seeing leasing and some drilling. In late 2004. up from its average 2004 Barnett production of close to 30 million per day. The company expects to be producing up to 100 million cubic feet equivalent per day by year-end. Indeed. The company entered the play early in 2002." says Jim Dean. Its first wells have cost nearly $2 million. Western Parker. Hood and other counties as it is in Wise. If Carrizo doesn't have 3-D seismic over a lease.000 net acres and have net daily production of 80 million cubic feet of gas per day from 215 wells.5 Bcfe. refracing and multiple laterals there's a lot of room for upside. Meanwhile. With the addition of Antero. That's what got us excited about it. the company began to build its position in the Barnett. with wells planned in each county. The company also continues to lease. He came with a vision of diversifying the company's asset base. It plans to spend $35 million on drilling in the shale this year. "Between downspacing. We have wells planned across all our acreage.. For the balance of the year. it has shot seven 3-D surveys and has three more in progress. but we've been satisfied with our initial fracing. "What this tells us is that the Barnett will work over a very large area-recovery of natural gas will be greater than expected. It is figuring costs of $1. and participated in six nonoperated wells. It uses water fracs and many of the same technologies that we are very familiar with. Currently. the company reports that its most recent wells are flowing at initial rates between 2. is another firm that has been growing its Fort Worth Basin presence. and possibly add a second later in the year. During 2004." One of the key selling points of the play is that almost every operator is making reasonable wells. Tarrant and Johnson counties. such as Hood and Erath. The buy catapults Fort Worth-based XTO to one of the heavyweights in the Barnett." says Noyes." Johnson says.77 million each in its area. says Hutton. Its gross production is currently 11 million cubic feet of gas per day. and Quicksilver plans to construct its own pipeline and processing plant. including acreage held by Tom Brown Inc. and there's a lot of experimentation going on." In Infinity's leasehold. including seismic and lease costs.000-net-acre North Texas leasehold. strategic and corporate development. and it reprocesses the seismic and compares that data to information from formation micro-imaging logs. which will more than double its shale production. but we're looking for the optimum approach." Quicksilver Resources is mounting an aggressive program in northwestern Johnson and southeastern Hood counties. Ellis. The oil-prone west side Finally. but the company expects to lower those as it fine-tunes its drilling and completion programs. "We plan to grow the company and use as a platform the Barnett Shale and East Texas. Its drilling program is spreading: in 2003.S.." The new lands are some 30 miles from its Erath County drilling. has production of 60 million cubic feet of gas per day and proved reserves of 440 Bcfe in the Barnett. Infrastructure is very skimpy to nonexistent in this part of the play. starting in June we will take on a rig full-time. EnCana added to its Barnett position with two acquisitions in 2004. EOG Resources recently acquired Jacksboro. The good news is that almost everything seems to work." says Dean. "If everything goes according to plan. is one of the first firms investigating the potential in Erath County. and third-party reserve estimates are 650.400 gross acres in southern Erath and northern Hamilton counties. The company has drilled a dozen wells to date. Notably. and ultimate recoveries averaging 2.000 apiece. It uses 3-D surveys for all of its horizontal drilling. it drilled five Barnett wells. the firm was sufficiently encouraged by its experiences to add 24. To date. The drilling will be spread across its blocks. and has several UNG Report November 2009 19 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing .000 net acres of leases in the basin. when it began an acreage acquisition program. "The Barnett is a technology-driven play. which are a bit out in front of the core area. Johnson.000 to 1. with additional investment in land and seismic. but we think we have a workable play. It has acquired 3-D seismic over two of its areas and plans to finish its third survey shortly. Parker and Tarrant counties. "Our approach is to apply 3-D seismic and horizontal technology to capitalize on these acreage positions. In February 2004. XTO plans to run between 15 and 17 rigs in the Barnett. Another 10 net wells are waiting on completion or pipeline hookups.and 2. "Our drilling program will be spread all over. Bosque and Hill counties that will service the southern portion of the Barnett play. and last year it drilled 36. the Barnett is between 125 and 200 feet thick and occurs at depths of approximately 4. "We jumped in big. "The Barnett is as good in Parker. Houston-based Louis Dreyfus Energy Services had nearly completed the first phase of a new system in Eastland. Infinity treated a dozen stages in one of its wells. "The Barnett is thinner and shallower in this area. A private firm in business since 1985. Its properties are in the core area in Tarrant County. Erath. This year. Quicksilver plans to drill 40 net wells on its 207. "I'm optimistic about the Barnett. and help us optimally place and fracture stimulate our laterals. Carrizo is drilling a horizontal well in southern Tarrant County and a vertical well in central Parker County. which was also working in the Barnett. purchasing some 10. This year. based in Denver. or has a small lease. Denver-based Infinity Inc. Infinity vice president. XTO executive vice president. The first wells that it completed flowed at initial rates of 600.8 million per day. Barnett heavyweight The biggest deal to hit the Barnett since Devon's purchase of Mitchell Energy is Fort Worth-based XTO Energy Inc. "We've had really good success in south-central Parker with vertical wells." says Johnson. Stroud relocated to Fort Worth in 2000 and started drilling Austin Chalk wells. Beyond Johnson County Companies are also pushing into counties that are farther afield. joined Stroud in 2003 as its president and chief executive officer. XTO will hold 149. "We started to really focus on the Barnett Shale when horizontal drilling started working. into the old core area." Drilling and completion costs for these vertical wells are about $500. because the Barnett is the only play we've seen that has per-well initial rates and reserves comparable to our East Texas play." says Keith Hutton. EnCana plans to jump to seven rigs from the three it ran in late 2004 in Tarrant and Wise counties. expected to close in early April. Infinity acquired a 90% interest in 28. formerly with Mitchell Energy. and in the horizontal play in Johnson and Parker counties. and they have some potential in the Marble Falls interval as well as the Barnett Shale. In February. that situation should be remedied shortly. In the Barnett." he says. EnCana holds 160.500 net and gross acres in west-central Comanche County to its position. "It's just that each area has its own geologic particulars that require unique completions. it acquired a private Fort Worth independent for $120 million. "The Barnett looks very good in our area. the company plans to drill 12 horizontal wells and reenter an existing vertical well. Texas-based independent Swan Production Co. Patrick Noyes.8 million cubic feet per day. "We're encouraged by the results of our test wells. including its programs at Mamm Creek Field in the Piceance Basin and Jonah Field in the Green River Basin. At present. in Bosque." says Bowker. It is also adding a second horizontal rig in the play. with more than 40 land-brokers working on acreage acquisition. The company entered the shale play in December 2003. During 2005." he says.000 feet. EnCana saw a resource play that nicely complemented its other such efforts in the U." Noyes says. Denton. "We think this technique can help us predict the stress barriers in the Barnett." Another fresh face is Stroud Energy Ltd. While there is no market outlet yet for Infinity's gas. I've seen it develop from the early 1980s with Mitchell. It has drilled four horizontal Barnett wells that are in various stages of completion A fifth well is being drilled. At press time.to 750 million cubic feet per well. with modifications to the fracing programs. it will consider drilling a vertical well.000 gross acres from several entities in three deals in Tarrant.per day from 13 net wells. Parker and Johnson counties. The privately held Antero. "The big question in our area was whether the shale would be thick enough to avoid problems with the completions.'s proposed $685-million acquisition of Antero Resources Corp. gaining 15 million cubic feet of daily production and nearly 100 Bcfe of proved reserves. efforts are under way to determine how far into the oil window economic wells can be drilled." Calgary-based EnCana Corp. prior to 1990. Robert Ransone. The thick.5 million pounds of sand for proppant. In 1997. At press time. Newark East Field is one of the very largest gas fields in Texas. but these wellbores will actually be producing much longer. the company experimented with an innovative frac technique that was enjoying success in the Cotton Valley Sands in East Texas. The water frac is well suited to low-permeability reservoirs. Mitchell discovered Newark East Field with its C. operators believe the technique delivers excellent fracture lengths while minimizing fracture heights. "The design length has a definite impact on the initial rates. money and patience. entirely in Texas.000 and recovered about 600 million cubic feet of gas each. plying the recalcitrant reservoir with the latest engineering advances. From the early 1950s until the rise of the Barnett play. the company could afford to experiment with the unconventional reservoir-until 1995." The Barnett Shale Peggy Williams. which require extensive fractures to deliver commercial volumes of gas. In January. Mitchell Energy & Development Corp. In many-but not all-parts of the field. The water frac.1 Tcfe of Mitchell's proven reserves. "There are still companies not in the Barnett that are eyeing the Barnett. The limestones function as extremely effective frac barriers. The Viola is particularly important because it overlies the Ellenburger. almost 300. It spent two decades patiently experimenting with the Barnett. The play's history The Barnett's transition from a source rock to a commercial reservoir is a story of time. but where wells have encountered Barnett Shale similar to that in the proven area.. A Barnett well that produces water is a production nightmare.000 cubic feet of gas per day. because that's when we make most of the gas. Mitchell began to develop Newark East Field on 40. built to handle the shallower conventional production. The Newark East area Devon currently has 800 Barnett wells and gross operated production of 345 million cubic feet per day.wells in progress in Jack County. Mitchell was merged into Oklahoma City-based Devon Energy Corp. Devon gained 2.000 acres in the core area and another 140. the wide countryside north of the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex concealed a sleeping giant of a gas field. the wells produce at stronger rates. 2002 For decades. almost all in the 120. "We are excited about the potential on such a substantial block of acreage" He concludes. normally the wells make little or no water. As those reservoirs matured and opportunities for further exploitation withered.to 50-acre spacing. newer ones are completed in both the Upper and Lower Barnett. 9. "It's truly phenomenal in its nature. The Woodlands. Devon operations engineer. An endeavor that is even more economic than drilling new wells has UNG Report November 2009 20 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing . It's a wonderful play. From then until 1997." says Mark Whitley.000 miles of pipelines and six gas-processing plants. a shallower Pennsylvanian formation.000-acre area that is more lightly drilled. the shale has an upper member and a lower member.000 to 150. Permian-Midcontinent division. The Barnett Shale alone accounted for 2. Most everyone considered it hopeless as a potential reservoir. The shale is ubiquitous throughout the Fort Worth Basin. pervasive Barnett Shale was well known to local geologists-the Mississippian-age formation is a rich. it held a gas contract that guaranteed very favorable prices.000 gross acres in Wise and Jack counties that had shallow Pennsylvanian production. wells were fractured with massive hydraulic stimulations. as it holds 1. engineering would be the key to unclench the Barnett's potential. Notably. Slay #1 in 1981. organic shale that had sourced many of the conventional accumulations in and around the Fort Worth Basin. in 2001. Devon was running 18 drilling rigs. the lower costs allow more intervals to be fraced. with each well recovering 1. In the mid-1990s.000 acres in the expansion area. Mitchell estimated its wells. it drilled 321 Barnett Shale wells. and it has a long way to go. drilling in the Fort Worth Basin had focused on the 2. these areas are attractive because there is existing infrastructure. believed in the shale. separated by the Forestburg Lime. "In our economics. in a deal valued at $3. were completed for an average of $850. also called a light-sand or slick-water frac.000. It can maintain that pace for years." says J. Just 100. For some. Devon Energy vice president. Texas-based independent was astonishingly successful. which trends northwest-southeast through Denton County.W.000 to $125.000 pounds of sand are used in a treatment.25 billion cubic feet of gas (Bcf). however. but where costs must also be tightly controlled. Devon's production and operations manager for the Fort Worth Basin. Better yet. The pace of drilling was measured-only about 50 Barnett wells had been drilled in the entire play by 1989. But. producing more than 400 million cubic feet per day from more than 900 wells.5 billion. It ranges in thickness from about 200 feet in Parker and Jack counties to about 900 feet right against the Muenster Arch. Last year. a figure that explains why the company continues its brisk activity even in these times of soft gas prices. Dallas-based Five States Energy LLC has taken an acquisition approach to the Barnett. unconventional gas resource that provides both low-risk development growth in production and reserves and long-term growth potential through exploration and future technical advances. which have produced more than 2 Tcf of gas. we cut off the average life for a Barnett well at 25 years. Devon holds some 90.100 additional locations in the core area alone." A water frac typically costs Devon about $100. "The most important time is the first five years. it looks like a first cousin to blackboard slate. Devon sees the Barnett as a unique.000-acre core Newark East Field. covering a 4. it was tight as a tombstone." Devon can drill and complete Barnett wells for an average finding cost of 60 cents per thousand cubic feet. "We're currently evaluating our options in the Barnett on our heldby-production acreage.000-foot-thick Boonsville Bend conglomerate. I predict that our grandchildren will be unlocking the vast reserves and producing significant quantities of Barnett Shale gas for years and years to come. That core sits in the middle of a 435.000 net acres of undeveloped land. and attains an average thickness of about 450 feet. "The key to the stimulation is finding the upper and lower boundaries and designing a job of the correct size. Although pumping less sand can seem counterintuitive. Those early wells tended to peak at production of around 750. Five States chief financial officer. western Denton and northern Tarrant counties-the Barnett occurs at the relatively shallow depths of 6.5 trillion cubic feet equivalent (Tcfe) of proved gas reserves. Going forward.4 million cubic feet per day. Plus. Part of the reason the Barnett in the Newark East area responds so superbly to stimulations is that it is sandwiched between tight limestones in the Pennsylvanian Marble Falls and the Ordovician Viola. making a job far less costly than a massive-style frac. which tends to produce salt water.500 feet. While older wells were stimulated in the Lower Barnett only. March 4." says Nick Steinsberger.200-square-mile area. And farsighted Mitchell owned most of it. gelled fluids and as much as 1. injected at very high rates.000 per well. about 60% less than the cost of a massive gelled frac. And. it appears that the Barnett Shale still offers generous growth potential. employs ungelled frac fluid and very low sand concentrations. Today's Newark East completions boast average peak rates of about 1. the company estimates its capital costs at approximately $750.500 to 8. the company acquired approximately 10." says Rick Clark. Today. using very viscous. In core. The Barnett was the source rock for these overlying clastic reservoirs. Clearly. Moreover. the well costs are lower because the Barnett is closer to the surface. and about as permeable. attention turned to the Barnett. before beginning the steep hyperbolic declines that are typical of stimulated shale-gas wells. In the most active area of drilling-eastern Wise. and we want to get high rates in the first years of production. Wells that were completed with the old-style massive gelled fracs respond extraordinarily to a water frac. The landowners want the smallest possible location for a well. the plant can handle 450 million cubic feet per day. but it's not the whole story-sometimes the Barnett delivers surprises. So far. Chief is bumping into the city limits of Fort Worth. "Our finding and development costs for a refrac are about 45 cents per thousand cubic feet. and the demand was very weather-dependent. average producers. dry-gas portion of the field. but in either case it could mean thousands of additional wells. after depletion has reduced the pressure around the wellbore. only about 8% of the 147 Bcfe of gas-in-place per square mile is recovered from the Barnett Shale. "We fund our drilling through investors. less than one-quarter of that volume has been developed. (At press time. The Barnett has been good to Chief-during the last two years. "We run specialized logging suites to identify sweet spots in the Barnett Shale. The firm concentrated on leasing in an area where it believed the field was most likely to extend. excellent producers." says Bolla. The expanded capacity connects directly to pipelines that serve the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex markets. and has drilled eight wells to date. Devon is a partner in the Burlington acreage. on-system markets and firm transportation for Devon's gas. Chief is investigating several options. An independent that has long been established in the Barnett play is Dallas Production Inc. To date. "We're trying some new things-we're approaching the stimulations with some different ideas. We've had some interesting results early on. "We have learned over the years that we can't look at just one area.000 in Denton County. president. (See sidebar. manager of geology. the project was not completed. Texas. "On average. and many companies became intrigued with the Barnett play." Chief believes that identifying fractures is crucial to making a commercial well. the Chicago line was to be upgraded to carry 200 million per day. A smaller firm that is quite active in and around the core area is Dallas-based Chief Oil & Gas LLC. and expects to have a solution shortly. the company recently looped a line and added compression in the southern. Therefore. But. "Based on what we know at present. but the resource exists across a very large area. which has added greatly to its marketing options." says Bill Bolla. The future holds another possibility as well. Additionally. Chief often agrees to predetermined well locations and road and pipeline placements when it takes a lease. operations and engineering vice president." says Whitley. We stand by the long-term fundamentals of natural gas and hope to expand our position in this area. but Devon has six pilots under way to investigate downspacing to 27 acres. Last fall. the company's production has grown from around 4 million to 20 million cubic feet per day. If it makes business sense. and potentially more than 300. The Tarrant County holdings are now taking center stage. the gas is quite rich in condensate. it likes what it sees. The picture for the basin changed with the construction of a 24-inch pipeline to carry gas from the Bridgeport plant south to interconnect with two 36-inch intrastate pipelines. the company has refraced 180 wells. Burlington has 4. It has accumulated 10.000 acres on which it holds deep rights. Gas gathering and processing is another facet of the play. The firm controls 35. Burlington's Midland-based Midcontinent division exploration manager. we have at least 150 locations left to drill. The company has been active in the Decatur area. and during the UNG Report November 2009 21 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing . while the southern portion yields dry gas. rich gas. Wells there are prolific.000 acres in Wise and Denton counties. and we need to have adequate access. Initially. in 1998 the United States Geological Survey independently estimated the Barnett Shale play contained technically recoverable gas resources of 10 Tcf. for a cost of $300. internal cash flow and bank debt. allowing it to take full advantage of the rich Barnett gas. "This will be an active area for a long time. and we're encouraged by that. Chief expects that about one-third of its Tarrant County wells will have to be directionally drilled. "Lower prices could slow the growth of the play in the near term. to date. successfully completing some 35 wells. however. The scenario is much more established in Denton County. Some secured positions in the highly sought after core area. holding a 25% working interest." This ability to come back to a well after several years of production and recapture or improve its rate and its reserves is one of the marvelous features of the Barnett play. if a water source for future fracs is available. Presently. but that expansion has run into delays. In the wet-gas area. Chief was founded in 1994 to exploit undeveloped reserves in North Texas. the landowner is comfortable with exactly where the land will be affected. and has drilled 42 wells. however. "We have a huge target here for the future.) Due to the amount of present and planned development.000 each. Devon now can send 360 million cubic feet per day through this pipe. To date. The integration of the businesses also guarantees multiple pipeline interconnects. Bottlenecks are still a problem. Because of the surface restrictions." says Cliff Thomson. The engineering aspects of the Barnett appeal to Burlington-it prides itself on its drilling and completion expertise.. in Wise County on the northern side of Newark East." says Whitley. others have concentrated their efforts in the expansion area. producing dry gas at rates up to 1. the pilots are placed in areas with various productive characteristics-dry gas. where it still has another 50 locations to drill. We deal in averages in everything we do in the Barnett. but an operator must have enough room to allow for subsequent fracture stimulations. plant for processing." says Tony Carvalho. Chief is running a rig in each area. The midstream assets add revenue to Devon's upstream operations. Chief can squeeze a one-well location down to close to an acre after drilling and completion. specifically in the Fort Worth Basin. the firm negotiated a contract that covered all of its production.) The remainder of the basin's production was sold to local markets for power generation and home heating." The number of fractures identified by the logs is a broad indication of how a well will perform after stimulation. "Many people in Tarrant County think they are going to sell their land for $10.turned out to be the refracturing of existing ones. the only outlet for the basin's gas was a pipeline that could carry about 150 million cubic feet per day to Chicago. and the drygas pipelines that would take gas from that area are already close to capacity. Newark East has been developed on 55-acre spacing. the company will also buy surface rights for a location on the urban fringes.5 million cubic feet per day. The company has completed six wells and tied four of those into a pipeline. the company concentrated on developing its Denton County position. A competitive field The combination of a low-risk play with reasonable drilling and completion costs attracted industry attention. and still has an additional 200 such treatments slated for this year. In 1996. "We don't know yet if we will be able to downspace all the field or a portion of the field. because so much gas is being brought to market from the area." Even with the best application of current technology. Devon gathers both its own and third-party gas and sends it to its Bridgeport. If it needs to use frac tanks-50 to 60 of these might be required for a water frac-the location will require at least three acres.000 to $20. a subsequent stimulation establishes new fracture networks. the operating company of Pitts Oil Inc. It drilled its first well in the fall of 1997. The county doesn't yet have infrastructure. and Devon plans to expand that to 620 million cubic feet this year. Chief became intrigued." Incidentally. reserves and productive capability. "We began drilling in late October. As it become apparent the Barnett was overtaking the basin's other plays in size." says Trevor Rees-Jones. often regaining peak production rates close to that of a new well. This way. Initially it concentrated on drilling Boonsville Bend conglomerate reservoirs. For decades. Tarrant County poses special challenges for the operator." Indeed. we have added new reserves of 700 million cubic feet per well. however. Apparently." Another hurdle in the Tarrant County area is gas marketing.000 an acre because everybody is going to come in and build houses. he says. and we have been running one rig continuously. The play even has enough sizzle to interest a player as large as Burlington Resources.000 acres in northwestern Tarrant County and 6. "What we are looking for is how well the rock is fractured. Presently. Throughout the northern half of Newark East Field. where available. expelled it and resealed itself during these episodes. they can predict the areas that are most likely to have dry gas. In the early 1980s. Devon holds more than 100. It plans to drill its first Barnett well on the leases by midyear. The high-graded fairway does not have the conventional risks of reservoir. mainly in southern Johnson. We also don't know the exact role that karsting and maturation are playing in the production. the stimulations tend to travel down into the Ellenburger and bring on copious amounts of water. unless gas prices go up or unless drilling and service prices start to come down. probably on storm-event beds in the form of sediment gravity flows. The present boundaries of the productive Barnett are defined on the south by the city of Fort Worth." UNG Report November 2009 22 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing . It identifies sweet spots. The higher the silica content and chert content. and plans to continue at that pace. Another factor to consider is the variable lithology of the Barnett. the Barnett play cannot be sustained at $2 gas prices. Threshold has interests in the Permian and Delaware basins and in Mississippi. the company owns two 10. which are in the gas-condensate area. organic-rich black shale comprised of mixed-layer illite/smectite clays. The microfractures caused by the cycles of hydrocarbon generation and oil cracking were filled enough to allow production of gas. a Fort Worth-based independent. much of it held-by-production from the shallower Bend conglomerate fields.000 acres in the southeastern Wise County and northeastern Tarrant County. and we will continue to be active in the play. employing an artificial frac seal. "Eventually." says Jarvie. Although the county is very lightly explored. seek out the wet-gas areas. using source-rock geochemistry in addition to all the available subsurface data. says Floyd "Bo" Henk. The frac technique that works in Newark Field may not be the technique that ultimately proves to be effective in other areas. "A few wells have been drilled down there. Gas charge has been proven over a multi-county area. some seek to avoid the oil window. Barnett frontiers Although Newark East Field and its expansion area cover an amazing amount of countryside. so it has bottom seal. Threshold prides itself on being an efficient." says Dan Jarvie. Success has been stymied in this part of the Barnett by the absence of the Viola limestone. although now the rocks are cold and do not actively generate hydrocarbons. very close proximity to faults or shear zones seems to be detrimental to production. source. Through time." Many companies are intrigued with pushing the play to the west past the Viola subcrop." The bottom seal is not present in that area. Adexco Production Co. it also has a small position in northern Tarrant County. Devon holds 90. its geology appears very similar to that in the Newark East area. owns a prime position in the heart of Newark East. The Fort Worth company holds approximately 6. It has been running a rig steadily since last August. the more likely that the shale will have natural fractures and be a good candidate for induced fractures with a lower frac gradient. or drilling horizontal wells.past two years has drilled 70 wells. That's probably the part of the formation that is fracturing. The company first took a regional look at the play. "There are areas where the Viola is wet. it was fractured in the primary generation phase. a good amount of carbonate debris came into the system. just a matter of plunking down rigs and lining up frac trucks. seal and charge failure. But. which it will put to work for third parties. Another player intrigued with the southern area is Burlington Resources. As the rock cycled through these episodes. it's a finely laminated.000-foot drilling rigs. In general. on the east the Muenster Arch and Ouachita Front. other tools are indirect." says David Martineau." Chert is a vital component. however." Explorationists also need to locate areas of good natural fracturing. the Barnett has undergone several cycles of very deep burial and uplift. In addition to its Barnett properties. Some companies. the firm is drilling its twelfth well in the Barnett Shale. but the company believes the details of the local geology are more critical to success. exploration manager. northern Hill. after water-frac techniques reduced costs. on the north by a phase change to oil. and we believe that there is potential for another Newark East Field in the Barnett. "It always comes back to how much it costs to get a given volume of gas." he says. Quite a few firms are also interested in skipping over the city of Fort Worth and expanding the play to the south. "The Barnett was deposited on a ramp/deep-shelf setting within an incipient foreland basin in a restricted anoxic system. but most of them have not been successful. The wider reaches of the play have also generated enthusiasm. "The Barnett is a source rock that has become a reservoir in its own right. Most of its acreage is east of the Viola subcrop. Threshold is a family firm. started by Johnny Vinson in 1971 and currently run by his son Bud." says Craig Adams. "We have a lot of acreage. How can an explorationist focus down on a prospective area? A quick survey of the Barnett might lead observers to the conclusion that it is a gasfarming project. "Geochemistry looks at what is in the rock. Geochemistry is a crucial aspect of the play. "We've had problems all fall with pipeline shutdowns. president of Humble Geochemical. Seismic.. wet gas or oil. another local operator. Some firms chase basement linements. It appears that the composition of the rock has an effect on the amount of natural fracturing. Without that bottom seal. president since 1987. a service firm based in Humble. drilling only a couple of hundred feet into the Lower Barnett and then fracing. however.000-acre contiguous block in Bosque County. others would rather find dry gas. Burlington has a 30. so the fracs have to be designed accordingly. particularly into Johnson County. while others look for areas of karsting and collapsing of the underlying Ellenburger. Operators are pushing against these limits.. "The Barnett has some silicified members. Texas-based consulting geologist with The Pacheron Group. Dallas Production drilled several Barnett wells with Mitchell on some jointly owned acreage. The rock generated oil. vice president. which runs roughly north-south through the middles of Wise and Johnson counties. northern Bosque and eastern Somervell counties. It and several other operators are intent on solving this engineering puzzle. the company plans to restrict its new drilling to leases with drainage problems or short-term obligations. When operators relate the thermal maturity to information on the Barnett's composition. "It comes down to the completion and the ability to keep the water out. at least in the areas that have been developed to date. Whether the better wells are found in areas of thicker isopach with more chert and less carbonate. The Barnett has its own peculiarities and mysteries. Henk's specialty is reservoir description.000 net acres. found in varying amounts across the basin. In addition to its Wise County leases. and like most reservoirs refuses to behave in a standard manner." says Henk.000 acres in central and eastern Johnson County and plans to drill several exploratory wells there this year. and additional drilling will be required to find new sweet spots outside of Newark East Field. with some areas producing better than others. and areas where the Ellenburger is tight. "We like the Barnett because it is a repeatable play. That is far from reality. Ideas include varying the frac designs. by the pinchout of the Viola. "We studied a 15-county area. Through an affiliate. and on the west. cost-effective operator. we don't know yet." says Bolla. the Barnett could be one giant gas field. It didn't become really active until the late 1990s. Interbedded with these organic-rich shales are carbonates and chert. and it is looking to expand its holdings in the Barnett Shale. a McKinney. has assembled more than 40. Apparently." About half of Adexco's acreage has the Viola bottom seal beneath it. It will focus instead on doing remedial work on its existing wells." Adexco is seeking partners to help it with evaluation and development of its acreage block. and because of that our wells have loaded up. Interestingly. these account for mere percentages of the Barnett's total extent. Currently. Threshold Development Co. and are particularly keen on expansions to the west and south. though like most thick shales it was not very effective at expelling.000 acres in Parker and western Wise counties. Texas. "We're still learning a lot about the play. primarily composed of sponge spicules. can be helpful. and then again when the oil cracked to gas. trap. such as Devon. At present. the Barnett enters the oil window. and many firms plan to persevere in their attempts to extend its boundaries. the company acquired producing and nonproducing leasehold. but have never installed due to the downturn in drilling activity and the economy. That’s a 58% increase over the past year from just the Barnett. economy. Every rig that dots the landscape of the Lone Star State is drilling a well permitted by the Texas Railroad Commission RRC Chairman: Barnett Shows Urban Resources Can Be Developed Safely. While that is the general trend. its relative permeability to oil is quite low. it’s not true for all producers in the basin. and because it is so tight. the hype is overblown. Oct 1. The assets. That’s a lot of natural gas. That makes us the No. shale gas. Industry groups.S. president and chief executive for Fort Worth-based Quicksilver Resources Inc. Holt & Co.. Elizabeth Ames Jones. John A. keep an eye on the Barnett. As such. and we all know that statistics can be pushed and pulled to fit various scenarios. 2009 Rig counts are falling all over the U. Thanks to longstanding public policy encouraging responsible production. but the current downturn has the plant off the company’s radar. supplies almost 10% of Lower 48 gas production from an available resource base a tenth that size… The Ross Smith analysts are careful to note that the presence of shale does not automatically ensure economic success… Limited Barnett Production Cuts Into Midstream Plans. But today there are about 7. of course. Here. Perseverance created the initial play. Analysts at Calgary-based Ross Smith Energy Group have taken a hard look at the economics and resource potential in the best areas of known shale plays. It’s good to consider all arguments. domestic and abundant energy source that has emerged in the past few years. representing about 20% of its base.Finally. Pickering. there are some voices crying in the wilderness. Despite falling rig counts. OTHER OGI BAR NETT AR TI CLES Shale Shangri-La. But Not Long-Term View. the Barnett remains one of. It's a reliable producer that already covers an astounding area. in some weeks by as much as 40 to 70 rigs. and now a member of the Texas Railroad Commission which oversees the oil and natural gas industry. occurred between 2003 and 2007. royalty and midstream assets associated with the Barnett shale in northern Tarrant and southern Denton counties. “We own it. The Barnett shale. August 7. Frank Nieto. There are currently about 13 natural gas processing plants in the play with a fourteenth ready to be built by Crosstex Energy Services.S. has to do with the downturn in both natural gas prices and the overall U. if not the largest natural gas plays in North America with over 2 billion cubic feet in proved reserves. Hillwood Oil & Gas LP.9 trillion in the Barnett shale alone. according to a recent report from Tudor. There are no plans to install it at this point. including 1. some operators are still reporting increases in reserves. Securities Inc. the estimates of potential reserves are wildly optimistic. the granddaddy of modern shale plays. 2009 It’s a brave new world for U. 2008 In the 1980s. hydraulic technology necessary to bring that gas to the surface. However. is produced in this state. It doesn’t look like we’ll need it for quite some time now. October 22. If we found somebody with the right price tag we would probably sell it. If there is an energy crisis in this country. activity is down about 30% from a year ago. the formation has given up its status as the “hot play” to both the Haynesville and Marcellus in the eyes of many industry players. In the Barnett shale play in the Fort Worth Basin.500 gas wells in the Barnett Shale . In August 2008.many located in the city limits of Fort Worth. Much of this. the productive area could potentially be expanded to the north and northwest. specifically gas processing plants. 2009 While many midstream companies are maintaining a long-term commitment to the Barnett shale. Collins. March 1. “We once again had big reserve additions. the prospects are vast: the Barnett continues up into Montague and Clay counties and almost into Wichita Falls.” Scott Williams. Sullivan. 2008 UNG Report November 2009 23 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing . It’s not even on the backburner right now. and it will certainly weather this time of low gas prices and come roaring back. Peggy Williams.2 trillion cubic feet of proved gas reserves.S.” says Glenn Darden. So. 1 energy-producing state in America. academics and financial analysts have joined the chorus singing the praises of this clean. companies are still struggling to produce commercial rates in this area. He tapped into what would turn out to be one of the largest onshore natural gas reserves in the United States. production and take-away capacity. Manuj Nikhanj and Salim Jamal recently released a study that concluded that North America’s eight largest shale plays hold some 475 trillion cubic feet of recoverable resources—just in their core areas. Some are trying such techniques as submersible pumps.4 million shares of common stock… How Texas Struck It Rich Beneath Suburbia. And yet. As yet. we're not timid. much of the build-up for infrastructure. 18% of all the oil and 30% of all the natural gas produced onshore in the U. It would take nearly two decades and millions of dollars to develop the horizontal. The as-yet-built Bear Creek plant would be the company’s fourth plant in the Barnett. Young LLC and others for $1 billion and some 10. “We had a very good year in 2008. In Texas.S.” The increase is partly attributable to bringing new wells online at the company’s organically grown Lake Arlington and its acquired Alliance projects in Tarrant and Denton counties. Shales are not all they seem. were purchased from Chief Resources LP. it is because too many states and too many lawmakers in Washington are too timid about allowing entrepreneurs to bring to the surface what is buried right below us. If successful. As a former Texas legislator who served on the House Energy Resources Committee. August 1. and some a stone's throw from suburban homes and schools. The play has become known as the “grandfather” of unconventional gas shale plays with many companies first perfecting horizontal drilling techniques in North Texas earlier this decade. I know about energy policy. Houston wildcatter George Mitchell drilled the first well into the Barnett Shale formation that stretches through north and central Texas. resulting in about 2. the company’s senior vice president of commercial services told Gas Processors Report…… Barnett Players Keep Production Growing. Jeannie Stell. . low-permeability reservoirs with horizontal drilling. never dreaming that today it would have a $50-billion market cap.S. This was at the height of the Barnett Shale drilling boom. one of the last of a series of divestments marking its exit from Africa. first discovered in 1981. lectures on shale plays brimmed with participants. June 1. There output is more than 13. By year-end 2007. According to Curtis. To Barnett fans. Jeannie Stell. “I thank God for the Barnett shale and I thank God for those counties that it is in.15 billion and the midstream assets went to Crosstex Energy for $480 million. allowing production to grow at an ever-increasing rate… Interview: The Barnett Shale's Chief . “With gasoline at $4 a gallon and natural gas at $12 per MMBtu. And he didn't think the law profession would take him back. Operators have cracked the code to unlock tight-gas. chairman of the Texas Railroad Commission. For most working petroleum geologists. and others for 195 billion cubic feet equivalent (Bcfe) of Barnett reserves in early 2003 to the $6. and Canadian natural gas. following its 2002 entry into the shale by acquiring Mitchell Energy & Development Corp.The Barnett shale may become one of the most important plays now being developed and not for the obvious reasons. So. Trevor Rees-Jones left a successful partnership as an oil and gas bankruptcy lawyer to get into the oil business. Some say the Barnett shale could possibly be the largest onshore gas field in the U. September 12. hydraulic fracturing. While running Devon. we are finally having a chance to have a dialogue with the rest of the nation about energy development.Devon is the largest acreage-holder in the so-called core area of the Barnett. Laughing about it now. John. 2006 EOG Resources Inc.000 barrels per day in 2009. 3-D seismic and new completion technology. and being the leader in the Barnett shale with 1 billion cubic feet per day of net production. He spoke at a recent Greater Houston Partnership program… Nichols on the Barnett and Washington.. Efforts are now centered on classifying shales by their productive potentials and characteristics. a private company. which he regards as good therapy. had 180 employees and 617 billion cubic feet equivalent of proved reserves under 169. The company stands out lately in two ways: being a pioneer in the Lower Tertiary play in the deepwater of Gulf of Mexico. we are showing the world that you can have large-scale developments safely in an urban environment.” Williams says. paid Republic Energy Inc. To those unfamiliar with the play. Production in 2008 will be 240.000 net acres. Its boundaries are still expanding. Chief. After getting a geology degree from Princeton and a law degree from the University of Michigan. his timing proved impeccable. in 1971 and took it public 20 years ago this year. Leslie Haines. for $2. the deepwater Gulf and offshore Brazil. including the Jack discovery with partners Chevron and StatoilHydro.S. Nissa Darbonne. a place to spend quality time with his two teenaged sons. The rousing success of the Mississippian Barnett Shale play in North Texas has inspired a sweeping search for other producing shales throughout the country. March 14.to 247 million BOE. co-hosted by the Colorado Oil & Gas Association.S. UNG Report November 2009 24 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing . Colorado. The IPAA named him Chief Roughneck in 2000. Rees-Jones sold most of the assets of his Chief Oil & Gas LLC for $2.63 billion: the E&P properties in the package went to Devon Energy Corp. Williams says.S. and internationally. oil had fallen from $30 a barrel to $10. plays.Trevor Rees-Jones. when gas prices were surging to $8 per thousand cubic feet. Early on. just when prices for Barnett assets seemed high. and the rumble is being felt by acreage-owners elsewhere in what has been the noncore Barnett. according to Michael L. the news further fracs the play's potential wide openthe flow is huge and the location is outside the traditional core area. Now Rees-Jones is redeploying the proceeds into several new companies that will drill in the Barnett as well as in other basins and states-and into his ranch west of Fort Worth. Peggy Williams. Properties in the area have jumped from the 76 cents per proved thousand cubic feet equivalent (Mcfe) that Progress Energy Corp. a professor at Colorado School of Mines in Golden.S. centered near Fort Worth and covering some 8. It recently announced the sale of its Equatorial Guinea holdings for $2. But within 18 months. Make way for Shales. this may not be meaningful. January 16. where it has four discoveries. the Oklahoma City-based producer was known for modest natural gas wells in the San Juan Basin and sponsoring the first public drilling partnership.19 per Mcfe paid for another Barnett producer and its 40 Bcfe of proved reserves in Johnson County last summer. It will remain focused on U. however. 2006 Shales have moved to the forefront of exploration in the onshore U. he says it was a good thing he was single at the time or he never could have done it. Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren before forming Devon. which he had found to be more fascinating than practicing law.5 billion barrels of oil equivalent. the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists and the Denver Geophysical Society. John Curtis. Devon also retains a small slice of the vast ACG Field in the Caspian Sea. Leslie Haines. Devon expects to drill as many as 800 wells on those leases during the next five years and produce at least 2 trillion cubic feet of gas. Nichols clerked for former U. New York… Breaking Into The Barnett. since the first gas well was drilled in 1821 into Devonian strata in Fredonia. In fact over the years.000 barrels of oil per day and will reach 35. Last spring. Devon has grown exponentially through acquisitions in the U. Larry Nichols and his father. but the strategy is now getting refocused. April 4. But some 20 years later. shales are a scientific frontier. founded Devon Energy Corp. With the development of the Barnett shale. and on Jackfish. At the recent Rocky Mountain Natural Gas energy summit in Denver.4 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of gas have been produced from shales in the U. he served on many civic and industry boards and was on the National Petroleum Council board. there they grow again. Recently. Devon had proved reserves of nearly 2. 2008 The Barnett shale. 7.” Among the questions the Barnett development is helping answer will be questions raised in other parts of the country. Williams. At the time. holds an estimated 26 trillion cubic feet of gas resources. 2007 In January 1984.S.000 square miles in 17 counties. Oil and Gas Investor asked Nichols about Devon’s new directions and his thoughts on the intersection of the industry and politics… Barnett Gas Unstranded. reported a screamer Barnett Shale well in December-10 million cubic feet per day-in Johnson County. Thousands of acres held by EOG and others in the county are theoretically worth much more since the news. 2008 J.2 billion.S. spoke about shale-gas exploration and current U. its oil-sands field in Alberta. Wise and Tarrant counties. the play has progressed from an emphasis on vertical drilling. has been focused on the Barnett Shale's unconventional gas reserves since 2001." The company. Many are refusing leases longer than three years… Barnett Shale Continues To Draw Interest. J-W Operating Co. Characteristics such as total organic contents (TOC). EOG has acquired 258. has been the driving force in this effort. at least two of the producers have been bought out: Antero Resources by XTO Energy. shale gas has only managed to comprise a small percent of total U. Texas. 2004 EOG Resources plans a salient expansion of the Barnett Shale play in North Texas.8 Bcf came from the Barnett alone… Paleozoic Gas Shales. A pipeline made from hollowed-out logs transported gas produced from the Devonian Dunkirk Shale to the town center.5 trillion cubic fee equivalent (Tcfe) of proved for $3. south of Fort Worth and well south of the core area of Barnett Shale production.5 billion (a bargain $1.1).1) and Republic Energy (1. both sorbed and free gas are found in gas shales. gas shales can contain biogenic or thermogenic methane. Peggy Williams . The prominence of the Barnett Shale's gas output is shown in other Texas statistics: the play was the No. as the existing pipeline grid is overwhelmed by the new gas coming onstream. That's all changed in recent years. 2003 Years after successful drilling began in the prolific Barnett Shale. and their thermal maturities can fall along a broad continuum. "There are always new groups coming in. Devon Energy Corp. of which 204. and they are far from uniform. The company produced 1. that technology is still evolving. From its early days. Technology has always been crucial to the Barnett play. December 29. XTO Energy Inc. Ryder Scott Oil Co. operators continue to increase activity and expand to new counties. particularly in areas outside of the developed core. And despite its lengthy history. Production from the play has been rocketing upward-some 2.40 per proved Mcfe). and it expects to exit 2004 with a rate of 30. and the No. began reporting initial results." says Ray Ledesma.The Barnett is proving to be no sleepy giant-it has produced surprises regularly in its roughly six years since making the E&P map when early play worker Mitchell Energy & Development Corp. Hallwood Energy (3. Gas shales are both source and reservoir in one package. July 29. To date.000 of those in Johnson County… The Barnett Barrels Along. A relatively E&P-savvy region. each basin is geologically unique and requires a custom approach. vice president and general manager. August 4. "We're increasing our position in Bosque and western Parker counties.6). The company notes that its production is presently constrained. bit early. (6. 1 gas producer in the state in 2004 (a total of 371 Bcf of output). 2005 New players in the burgeoning Barnett Shale play in North Texas continue to form-some rank start-ups and some of them business units of established E&P companies. and are exporting techniques honed in that play to new basins. southwestern Denton and northern Tarrant counties. It sits just north of. to the present use of horizontal drilling and completion methods and 3-D seismic.7). New York. EnCana (8. it has drilled and completed 15 horizontal wells in Johnson County. Operators around the continent have taken notice of the prolific production flowing from the Barnett Shale. Unquestionably. N issa Darbonne. which was founded in 1997 to explore the Texas Gulf Coast and deep South Texas. The Oklahoma City-based company drilled seven horizontal wells in the Barnett play in 2002. operators had filed 105 horizontal permits in 2003. buying Mitchell in January 2002 and getting 2. 39 of which were vertical. president of Lago Vista. Core development The heart of the play is in southeastern Wise.7). "Ultimately there will be a handful of big players in the area but that is a ways off. (4. as it is in most unconventional natural gas reservoirs. The interest in horizontal drilling is driven by the search to find new ways to exploit the Barnett. making 51 million cubic feet of gas per day. according to Texas state statistics. shale wells have traditionally been modest producers characterized by low production rates and long lives. with about 90. gas contents. The company sold a group of wells to EnCana Oil & Gas USA earlier this year in Denton and northern Tarrant counties.0). Texas-based Star of Texas Energy Services. For the 21st-century explorer. Additionally. It currently has more than 55 wells in Denton. Several years ago. gas production. Four Sevens Operating (2.4).and 10 million cubic feet of gas per day from its Barnett properties. "We have drilled 50 horizontal wells and 34 of those are on production at this time.2). And. Burlington Resources (22. Shale gas plays are continuous-type accumulations. and overlaps into.S. and some of the Hallwood Energy assets by Chesapeake Energy Corp. which brought up 337. Naturally. 1 gas producer in Texas in 2004 was Devon Energy. and has another five horizontal wells in the completion stage. (204. central division. fracturing and refracturing.to 45 million per day. where it was burned to light the main street. Nonetheless. October 29. Devon Energy Corp. the buzz is loud in the Fort Worth Basin. a dramatic jump from the seven such permits requested in 2002 and three in 2001. 2005 The rousing success of the Mississippian-aged Barnett Shale play in North Texas has reopened the industry's eyes to the potential locked in the organic-rich Paleozoic shales layered into other petroliferous basins. the Houston independent started a leasing program in Johnson County." says Brad Foster. Chief Oil & Gas (33. working with gas shales means experimentation… A Major Expansion For The Barnett Shale. Too. At press time. Antero Resources (23. and has already drilled 43 of a total of 70 such wells planned for this year. (2.1). depths and lithologies vary from basin to basin and also change within basins. They are a well-known resource-William Hart drilled the first shale-gas discovery in 1821 in Fredonia. Horizontal wells are the new focus for Barnett players." Ledesma says. Since year-end 2004.210 wells are making approximately 800 million cubic feet equivalent of gas per day from the tight black shale. covering immense areas. some landowners are going to drill their own wells.6). the Fort Worth metropolitan area… UNG Report November 2009 25 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing . Peggy Williams. although the situation should be resolved shortly.2 Bcf. and the shales can be overpressured or underpressured. thickness. Star of Texas ranked No. Results have been heartening: this year. cementing. Today's improvements in horizontal drilling and fracturing technologies are delivering some sterling rates from shale wells. It has drilled or participated in more than 60 Barnett wells since then. 12 in top Barnett Shale producers in 2004. EOG will produce an average of between 7. The other top producers in 2004 were Devon Energy Corp.9 billion cubic feet (Bcf) of gas during the year from its Barnett wells. It has had the chance to play the Barnett anthem at investor presentations ever since.8 Bcf).000 acres in the expansion area of the Barnett play. 000 cu. and Barnett shale at 7.'s second remote wildcat in the area. and 60 bbl. of gas and 528 bbl. The nearest previous drilling is approximately a mile southeast in the Thomas H. approximately 0. Barron Survey.29011. and true vertical depth is 8. in Reeves County (RRC Dist.08/01/09 According to IHS Inc. with 815 bbl. 102. A-1611. ft.735 ft. SP RR Co. A-5427.850 ft. of water per day from acid. Texas.and fracture-stimulated perforations at 9. Log tops include Barnett shale at 6. Texas. EOG Resources Inc.27acre Fort Worth Basin lease in Section 18. of water daily. 4.. IHS Inc. Roil Mineral & Land Co. 203. on a 60-acre lease in the BBB&C RR Co. Log tops include Wolfcamp at 9.000 psi and the shut-in casing pressure was 4.810 ft.106 ft. ft. of crude. EOG Resources’ #1H Bowen A Unit had an initial daily potential of 442 bbl. ft.885 ft.17 million cu. Wynn-Crosby Operating LP . Texas-based Wynn-Crosby Operating LP has completed its #1 Jimmie Steadham in Cooke County. reports log tops for Atoka at 5. Plans call for the well to be drilled to 14. was tested for an initial daily potential of 281 bbl. Absolute openflow was calculated at 7.06/01/08 Denver-based Aspect Energy LLC has reached total depth at its #1H Robert Greer et al. Commingled zones in the horizontal well are 10. with a bottomhole location to the northwest beneath the Richard Blaney Survey. of Houston in Montague County (RRC Dist. by Chesapeake Operating Inc. Chesapeake Operating Inc. the flowing pressure was 2.5-degree oil. ft. The top of the Barnett shale was logged at 7.751-54 ft. 7. 9). 1. to target 26 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 UNG Report November 2009 . The Dallas-based operator tested #1 Clark flowing 67 bbl. of 44-degree oil. EOG headquarters are in Houston. A-1324. of gas and 360 bbl. and 629 bbl. Steelman Survey.423 ft.740 ft. The operator’s #1H Darden State 71-26 tested 6. in Upper Morrow. of water through acid.233-15.252-10. Survey. It is scheduled to be completed as a Barnett shale producer in Golden Corral Field. Texas.and fracture-treated perforations at 6. Block 71. of crude. in Barnett shale and 11. of water.and fracture-stimulated perforations at 8. This Walnut reservoir has yielded 231. of gas and 4 bbl. in Section 26. which features a combination of oil and liquids-rich gas. the well’s total depth was 12.543-52 ft.75 mile east of the Montage County line. The well had an initial daily potential of 102 bbl. 8).06/01/09 A horizontal Barnett shale oil producer has been completed by EOG Resources Inc.030 ft. However. of 59.12/01/08 A Fort Worth Basin horizontal Barnett shale well was completed in the western Montague County. The well was directionally drilled to 10.L.734-86 ft. Texas (RRC District 9). 9).L.M.45810.67 million cu. choke and the well was drilled to 7. At a nearby location.404 ft. Located in the Washington Edwards Survey. and Woodford at 11. There has been no commercial production in Jeff Davis County to date. and 10. choke.7-degree condensate and 512 bbl. A-775.437 bbl. Viola at 6.stimulated perforations at 8. EOG Resources Inc. Apparent targets are Barnett and Woodford shales. Log tops include the Atoka at 9..140 ft. of water. and Morrow at 10.745 ft.09/01/09 A Barnett shale producer was reported by Roil Mineral & Land Co. and gauged flowing tubing pressure at 110 psi on a 1-in. Also in RRC 8. choke.M. in Section 24-23s-24e. Caddo at 7. Aspect Energy LLC . .500-ft. The new venture reached a total depth of 8.000-12. ft. . portion of Newark East Field.000 cu. Survey.. 141. 10.858 ft. Cooper was abandoned in 1933 at a total depth of 438 ft. Hubby Survey. The 9.926 ft. The total depth is 12. of 38. in the Barnett. A-445 (RRC District 6). A-227. This year.065 ft.372 ft.and fracturetreated perforations at 10..470 ft. 9).720 ft.05/01/08 The #1 Leoncita State 11-10 is staked near the southwestern edge of the Delaware Basin in Jeff Davis County (RRC 8). of water through acid. 60. the company plans to drill 60 wells in this part of the Barnett play.10/01/09 On the northern flank of the Fort Worth Basin.793 true vertical.259-10. gas. per day. Texas. A-129. Gas flowed from the #1 Dark Canyon 19 Federal well at the daily rate of 2. of gas and 364 bbl.98 million cu. The 11.770 ft. 265. A1324. 9). in Woodford. Steelman Survey. on the north flank of the Fort Worth Basin. #1H Rawhide was drilled another 20 miles northwest in 2006. With a 27/64-in. .000 cu. Top of the Barnett shale was logged at 7. Montague County (RRC Dist. A-1840. EOG Resources Inc.289 bbl. in “Silty” Barnett.W. in Bellevue Field. 10. about 20 miles northeast of Fort Davis. in Morrow. The vertical Barnett shale producer is in the southwestern portion of Newark East Field. Texas. in Middle Morrow. ft. in Lower Morrow. Chesapeake also drilled its #781 McKnight 11 more than five miles northwest.619 ft. 10. Flowing tubing pressure was 155 psi on an 18/64-in.and fracture. Texas (RRC Dist. of 45-degree oil. The #1 V. Rubicon Oil & Gas LLC .215 ft. The new producer was drilled to 15.3-degree-gravity oil. on a 77-acre lease in Section 2837.540-6.Hart’s Activity Highlights 1 Chesapeake Operating Inc. ft. Texas..950 ft. EOG acid. venture was drilled in the C.000 cu. of 42. The #1H Seibold. of gas.465 ft. portion of Newark East Field. GH&SA RR Co. Morrow at 9. The well was acidized and fracture-stimulated. tested #1H Bowen Unit with initial daily flows of 197 bbl. Barnett at 10. The #1H Bowen Unit was drilled to a total depth of 11. well is on a 341. . ft. Texas.and fracture-stimulated perforations at 8. choke.520-ft. ft. of gas and 5.13 million cu. EOG is currently active at #1 Seibold in the R.07/01/08 Plano. of 42-gravity oil. Rubicon Oil & Gas LLC of Midland has extended Rock Tank Field. A-227. ft.146-56 ft. in the Washington Edwards Survey. . . Flowing tubing pressure was 685 psi on a 32/64-in.. a Pennsylvanian gas reservoir in southwestern Eddy County.972 ft. of water since 1930.000 cu. A-64. along the Ouachita Fold Belt just south of the Fort Worth Basin. a horizontal Barnett shale well was completed in the Montague County (RRC Dist.458 ft.. Block 11. This is Chesapeake Operating Inc. EOG Resources has headquarters in Houston.000 ft. The #1 Stephenson was tested for an initial daily potential of 58 bbl. The Delaware Basin well was tested through commingled acid. 9). of water. A-158. EOG Resources Inc.311 ft. The 9.920 ft. wildcat is in Section 10.040 ft. PSL Survey.09/01/09 EOG Resources of Houston completed a vertical Barnett shale well in southwestern Cooke County (RRC Dist. 13 bbl.199-12. N. The first Barnett shale test permitted in McLennan County is about eight miles northeast of the current drillsite. of water through acid.64 million cu. EOG Resources Inc.295 psi. TE&L Co Survey.291 ft. and Ellenburger at 6. The nearest recovery to the current well is more than eight miles southeast in Bosque South Field.. Chesapeake has scheduled a remote Reeves County wildcat about eight miles southeast of Balmorhea. Survey.300-ft.10/01/09 Another Delaware Basin well was completed in Toyah Northwest Field. of gas.850 ft. R.667 ft. . XTO Energy Inc.05.01 2008. DDjet Ltd.06. Undisclosed Parallel Petroleum Corp. Cinco County Barnett Shale LLC Crusader Energy Group XTO Energy Inc.09. Dune Energy Inc. the well produced a cumulative 5. Chesapeake Energy Corp. Nearest recovery is 12 miles northeast. Universal Property Development and Acquisition Corp.20 Close Date 2009.09.MT. of gas a day.2 USD 0 USD 201 USD 31. ft.01 2008.01 2007. Mexco Energy Corp.17 2008.04. LLP Reichmann Petroleum Corp.04. Undisclosed Chief Oil & Gas LLC Tug Hill Inc.01 2008.1 USD 1.08.09.17 Talon Oil & Gas LLC Exterra Energy Inc. Value ($MM) USD 0 USD 230 USD 4. ft. Mining Oil Co.04 2008. Friendly Energy Exploration Enerplus Resources Fund Seller/Acquired or Merged Entity Undisclosed Crusader Energy Group Inc.25 2009. Westside Energy Corp. DDJet Ltd. Undisclosed Chief Resources LLC.03 2008. ENI SpA Dorchester Minerals LP Chesapeake Energy Corp.85 USD 550 USD 150 2008.09.10. reports IHS Inc.36 million cu.2 USD 411 State/Province TX TX. Venoco Inc.19 2009.17 2008.17 2008. where #134 Johnson was completed in mid-2005 flowing 141. NT Energy.02. Quicksilver Resources Inc.03 2009.01 2008. Undisclosed Undisclosed Undisclosed 2009. Collins and Young LLC Undisclosed Frac Source Services Inc.06.08.01 TX TX BC TX USD 1270 CAD 0 USD 62.08. of gas and 387 bbl. Petrosearch Energy Corp.02.01 2008.000 ft.12 2008.01 2008.09.OK.07.12.08.12. Vortex Resources Corp. HAR T’s A& D For more detailed information see Hart’s A&D site at: http://www.06. LLP.01 2008.10.8 USD 36 USD 956 USD 800 2009.12.27 2009. of condensate.01 2008.05.26 2009.30 2009.12.03.03 TX TX TX TX TX TX TX USD 1. Denbury Resources Inc. Barnett Petrosearch LLC.10.336 USD 0 USD 3. Complete Production Services Inc.000 cu. As part of Balmorhea Field.01 2008.07 2008.4 Undisclosed EGPI Firecreek Inc.01 TX TX TX TX TX USD 371 USD 0 USD 0 USD 280 USD 30.07.07.03 2008. Chesapeake Energy Corp.22 2008.08..12 2008.01 2009. MSB Energy Inc.08.22 2008.07.08.08 2008.08. Hillwood Oil & Gas LP.10.01 2008.06. Capital City Energy Group Inc.18 2009.01 UNG Report November 2009 27 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing . Denbury Resources Inc.10.03.04. Sandhaven Securities Ltd.02. Undisclosed Undisclosed Harding Energy Partners LLC. Pioneer Natural Resources Co. Announce Date 2009.05.09. EOG Resources Inc. EnCana Corp.07.09.06 2009.06. Blackhawk Investments Ltd.18 2009.13 2009. as part of Balmorhea Field. Whitt Oil and Gas Inc.30 TX TX TX USD 259.02 2008. Quicksilver Resources Inc.a-dcenter.02 2008. Tiggator Inc.23 2009.05.03 2008..com/ Est. Mexco Energy Corp.01 2009.07.10.30 2009.17 2008. TRB Minerals LP West Fork Partners LP 2009.275 USD 0 USD 15.Woodford shale below 10.8 USD 0. MD Buyer/Surviving Entity Friendly Energy Exploration SandRidge Energy Inc. ND TX PA.22 2007.WVA. Pioneer Natural Resources Co. 01 2007.09.01 USD 0 TX USD 35..01 2008.2 USD 0 TX TX TX TX USD 13.17 2007.10. Abu Dhabi National Energy Co. Chesapeake Energy Corp.01 2004.01 2007.01 2001. Pioneer Natural Resources Canada Inc. Ltd. Chesapeake Energy Corp. Sinclair Oil Corp.08. Chesapeake Energy Corp.01 2004.01 2006.01 2001.01. Undisclosed Republic Energy Inc.04.01 2004.03.01 2003.01.01 2005.5 USD 255 USD 660 USD 189 USD 105 USD 0 USD 209 USD 0 2007.01. Chesapeake Energy Corp.AB USD 540 Westside Energy Corp.01 2006.03 2008.01 2007.01 2007.06.01 2004.01 2006.09. XTO Energy Inc.01 2001.03.06. RBE Inc.01 2007. Chesapeake Energy Corp. The TX Municipal Gas Corp. Adexco Petroleum Co.01 2007.12. Trican Well Service Ltd.01 2007.01 2008.17 2007.03. Denbury Resources Inc.09. FMI Inc.08 2007.09 2007.01 2003.01 TX USD 2200 USD 410 USD 796 USD 292 Chief Holdings LLC Hallwood Energy III LP et al Undisclosed Hallwood Energy Corp.04.01 2004. RBE LLC XTO Energy Corp.01 2003.01 2004.02. Bayou Tank Services.01. Western Production Co.07.06.01 2006.01 2003.01 2008.12. Pioneer Natural Resources USA Inc.09. Undisclosed Occidental Petroleum Corp.02.06.04.01 2009.01 2005. Delta Petroleum Corp.03.09 2008.08.01 2006.12.01.01 2007.03. Pumpco Services Inc. Bend Arch Petroleum Inc.04. Tim Morris Complete Production Services Inc. Corrizo Oil & Gas Inc.01 2008.05 2007. NM. Undisclosed ConocoPhillips Undisclosed Undisclosed JAED Production Co.03 2007. EnRe LP Undisclosed Parallel Petroleum Corp. Apollo Global Management LLC Undisclosed Four Seven Resources Co. Chesapeake Energy Corp. Maverick Oil and Gas Inc. Western Production Co. XTO Energy Inc. NM. Sinclair Oil & Gas Co.15 TX TX USD 903 USD 8.02. et al.03.01 2008. CO USD 0 USD 3.01 2006. Chesapeake Energy Corp.03. F10 Oil & Gas Properties Progress Fuels Corp. 2006.10. XTO Energy Inc. Paloma Barnett LLC Crimson Exploration Inc.03 2006..03.08.01.06.04.10. Liberty Pressure Pumpling Undisclosed Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport Peak Energy Resources Inc.02. PJSC Stallion Oilfield Services Ltd.. GE Energy Financial Services Taqa North Ltd.10. Clayton Williams Energy Inc.01 2006.10. Patriot Liquid Services.01 2004.11.10.03.09.04.16 2008.01 2004.09. UT.03. Plains Exploration & Production Co.3 USD 0 USD 10 USD 0 USD 148 TX TX TX.01 2003.01 2005. Chesapeake Energy Corp.USD 5 USD 0 TX USD 0 USD 0 USD 31 TX.01 2007.08.03.01 2006.03 2008.01 2003. Plains Exploration & Production Co.01 2007.11. Pioneer Natural Resources Co.01 2005.03.01 2006.03.01 2006.01.01 2001.01 2004. CO New Mexico TX TX USD 1530 USD 199 USD 284 USD 0 BC. Antero Resources Corp.03.10. DTE Energy.04. Range Resources Corp.12.09. Salty’s Well Services Ltd. Inc. Collins & Young Holdings LP 2008.06.01 2007. Southern California Public Power Authority Turlock Irrigation District Devon Energy Corp..11.8 USD 483 UNG Report November 2009 28 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing . Lp Aruba Petroleum. Raylee Operating Company Red Oak Gas Operating Company Lp Reichmann Petroleum Corp. Pulling.us/PDQ/changePageViewAction.900 5.272 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 534 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.369 UNG Report November 2009 29 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing . Arrington.204 0 55. L. Aspect Energy.309 113. Bosque Disposal Systems.743 0 0 0 29.Inc. Cdx Gas.811 0 0 0 0 17. Salty's Disposal Wells. Chief Oil & Gas Llc Chief Operating Llc Citrus Energy Corporation Collins & Young Oper. Inc.606 115..state.C.068. Cooper Oil & Gas. Burlington Resources O & G Co Lp Burnett Oil Co.L.339 0 0 0 2.078 6. O. R.755 0 0 161. B.. Newark Energy Llc Nortex Energy.Wilson.564 1. Panamerican Operating Inc Paragon Exploration.757 0 1. Quicksilver Resources Inc.157. Inc. The D.P. Ltd.C. C. Inc. Nabors Well Services Ltd. Colo Exploration Company. Basal Corporation Bend Petroleum Corp.795 2.851 0 0 0 168.499 0 0 0 GW Gas (MCF) 0 61.426 0 0 0 159 0 0 0 0 97 0 0 0 GW Gas (MCF) 326. Inc.081 0 474.STATI STI CS New ark East Field (Barnett Shale) January 1. Inc. Inc.499 2. Inc.tx.078. Inc. Range Production Company Raven Operating Group.813 2.110 0 0 525. Lp Sanders Oil & Gas. Llc Briar Energy Corporation Bridgeport Tank Trucks.C.rrc. Bagby Energy Llc Barnes Oil & Gas Llc Barnett Enviro Mgmt Svcs.L..David H. Street Operating. Inc. Burk Royalty Co.L.595 1.336 0 141. Carrizo Oil & Gas. Llc Anderson. Llc Rodeo H20 Disposal.702 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.281 0 555. Proven Reserves Management.063. Llc Ram Operating Company. P.267. Inc. Llc Richey. Cornerstone E & P Company. Llc S.180. Inc. Rimrock Energy. L.C. L.097 2.424 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.569.186. Saint Jo Long Shot.866 71.977.783 105.109 5..215 281. Llc Central Basin Oil Inv. Ltd. Moncrief.319 100.204 83. 2009 http://webapps. Inc. Canan Operating. Lp Rogers Drilling Co.060 207.093 9. Cal-Tex Fossil.543 30.139 14. Miller Operating Company Llc Mks Natural Gas Company Modern Exploration.C. Primexx Operating Corporation Proco Operating Co..B. Ltd. Inc.595 1. Lp Crow Creek Operating Co Ii Llc Crown Equipment Co.113 0 0 0 112. Inc.425 481.656 0 13. Ccs Midstream Services.863 5. Premier Minerals.964 0 0 334 0 0 0 0 3. Inc.314 0 0 0 167 1. Bob Pinnergy. Roil Mineral & Land Co.Inc Arrowhead Productions.015. L. Inc. Inc. D. Inc.003. Oil & Gas.345 103. Ag Operating Company Llc Ammo Energy. North Texas Llano Operating Corp Oak Hills Drilling & Oper.403.967. Ray Management Co.810 1.319 0 0 1.750. Republic Energy Operating. Inc. Remuda Operating Company Republic Energy Inc.257. Usa. Inc.019 16. Pioneer Exploration.977 157. Chaparral Energy. Adexco Operating Company Adkins.227.693 0 17. Corp.078. Century Petroleum. Llc Oil (BBL) 0 0 469 0 0 0 0 0 67. Inc. Inc.do?pagesize=500 Operator Name Abernathy Auto. Mesa Operating. Inc. Oil (BBL) 51 2.683 31.600 707.690 0 0 0 0 0 824 49.003.742 0 0 51. Rife Energy Operating.352 25.219 0 0 913 4.609 0 0 0 37. Inc. Inc.714 58. Inc. Nautilus Exploration. Llc Bowerman Exploration. Pdc-Wv-Co Corporation Peak Flow Operating&Drilling Lp Peba Oil & Gas Co. L.191.100. Inc.285 0 0 0 0 107.167 0 0 0 1. Ropa Exploration Corp. L.900 22.423 1. Llc Ops Group Limited P. Crusader Energy Group Inc.935 1. Llc Pioneer Natural Res.472 1.919 132.707 0 3.608 14.105 961. Bowerman Investments Inc. Chesapeake Operating. Llc Cd Consulting & Operating Co. Inc. R. Cumming Company. Dale Operating Company Dallas Production.339 0 0 1. Ces Swd Texas. Llc Basa Resources.206.969 Operator Name Mccutchin Petroleum Corporation Merit Energy Company Merritt Operating. Llc Athena Resources. Inc. Petroquest Energy. Llc Mesquite Swd Inc Metro Saltwater Disposal. Llc Braden Exploration.103 1.450 0 0 235. Radius Operating.L. Phillips.884 19.365 28.J. Inc. Inc.280 0 1. Pitcock.497 0 0 0 4.402 1.230 439 0 977. Bp Operating Company. Inc. 2009-November 1.L.232 30.455 730. Llc Royalco Oil & Gas Corporation Ryder Scott Management.C. Calame Oil Co.161 134. Dart Oil & Gas Corporation Ddjb Services Gp Llc Denbury Onshore. E.021 0 22. Blackwater Oil & Gas Corporation Borderline Operating Corp.618 0 53.979.425 0 0 0 15.401 0 0 0 53 0 0 0 24. Inc.162 22. L. Best Petroleum Explorations.272 1. Inc. Routh Operating. 709 309. Inc. Inc. Eog Resources. Llc London Petroleum Corporation Luxor Oil & Gas. Inc. 2009-November 1. Sky Resources.641 0 0 0 0 676. Kornye-Tillman Company Krocan Energy Corporation L A Productions Lakota Energy.718 67.895 0 7. Llc Victory Eagle Utility Sv Y. Ltd. Upham Oil & Gas Company Uptex Operating. . Inc. Inc.Llc Tsar Operating Company Tx H&H Oil Co.301 0 29. Dte Gas Resources.734 0 0 10. Janlo Operating Jay Management Company. Inc.338 1.672. Ltd.C. Harding Company Hebco Exploration. Llc Frost Brothers Resources. Gulftex Operating Inc Halek Energy L.314 0 0 0 0 0 0 179. Infinity Oil & Gas Of Tx.892 3.199 0 0 202. Dogwood Operating Company.254 1. Hep Oil Gp. Initial Energy Services.146 5. Total Oil (BBL) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28. Skybridge Energy Llc Slate Holdings. Lp Swan Production Co. Star Of Texas Energy Srvs. Inc. Llc Felderhoff Production Company Fenoglio Oil Company Finley Resources.. Mark L.L. Inc. Exit Oil & Gas Expro Engineering.621 20. Inc.452 161.678 0 2.040 0 61 0 145 0 0 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 16. Operator Name Devon Energy Production Co.925. Enervest Operating.413 1. Trio Consulting & Management.395 38. L.P. Inc. Llewellin Operating Company.172 77. Sundance Resources.January 1.170 482.978 0 10.682 51.215. Encana Oil & Gas(Usa) Inc.254 0 241. . Thompson. Eagleridge Operating.274 0 0 0 2. Jerry Operating Co. L.304. J. Inc. Lp Grand Operating.325 0 0 0 0 0 36 60. Ltd.518 0 14. Xr-5.669 1.588 19. Giant Nrg Co. Forest Oil Corporation Foxborough Energy Company. Inc. L. Teleo Operating. Tejas Western Corp.101 0 0 8. Silver Creek Mat Swd Well.059 0 14.086 1. . Inc. L. Llc J-W Operating Co. Lllp G & F Oil.968 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 228. L.458 UNG Report November 2009 30 Copyright 2009 Hart Energy Publishing . Llc Wec.460 283.879 363.288. J & M Swd. Eagle Oil & Gas Co.604.235.151 0 141. Fairmount Operating Llc Fairway Resources Operating.950 0 2.L.941 0 0 0 794. Vantage Fort Worth Energy Llc Vargas Energy. Llc Echo Production.441 0 0 25. West Fork Disposal Llc Western Chief Operating.810.675 44.032 821.728 0 913.029 0 2.867 26. Smith Pipe Of Abilene Spindletop Oil & Gas Company Square One Energy.P.742 1.008 0 0 592.563 247. 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