USER MANUALAUTOPLOTTER Ver 6.x For Windows family AutoPlotter User Manual Date: 1st October 2008 (C) 2005 Infycons Creative Software Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore All rights reserved. Any unauthorized copying, exhibiting, renting, exchanging, lending of this User Manual or any part thereof, strictly prohibited and any such action establishes liability for a civil action and may give rise to criminal prosecution. The User Manual for AutoPlotter is supplied along with the software on the condition that it is not to be sold, hired, exported or distributed by way of trade without proper license from “Infycons Creative Software Pvt. Ltd.” Infycons Creative Software Pvt. Ltd. 7/1, 1st Floor, 80 feet Road, Indiranagar, Bangalore -560038 Web: http://www.infycons.com email:
[email protected] . 2 INSTALLATION 1.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT 1.6 TROUBLESHOOTING 1-1 1-1 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 Pg.3 UNINSTALLATION/MODIFY OPTIONS 1.3 ACCESSING COMMANDS 2.2 POLYLINE 3.1 DRAWING SPLINE OBJECTS 3.1 USING CARTESIAN AND POLAR COORDINATE SYSTEM 2.1 STARTING AUTOPLOTTER 2.1.1 DRAWING LINES 3.4 BASIC OPERATIONS 2.5 UPGRADING AUTOPLOTTER 1. no.1.2.1 LINE 3.1.4 DRAWING ELLIPSE 3-1 3-1 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-4 3-4 3-5 .1.2 DRAWING CURVED OBJECTS 3.4 REINSTALLATION 1.2 DRAWING CIRCLES 3.2.5.2 UNDERSTANDING AUTOPLOTTER’S INTERFACE 2.5 USING COORDINATE SYSTEM 2.3 DRAWING ARCS 3.2 SPECIFYING CARTESIAN AND POLAR COORDINATE 2-1 2-1 2-2 2-2 2-3 2-3 2-4 three: DRAWING ENTITY 3.5.2.3 MULTILINE 3.2. two: OVERVIEW 2.4 POLYGON 3.AUTOPLOTTER USER MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS one: INSTALLATION 1. 3-5 3-6 3-6 3-6 3-8 3-9 3-10 Four: DRAWING WITH PRECISION 4.2.2 ATTRIBUTES 3.5 BLOCKS.6 PERPENDICULAR SNAP 4. no.6 HATCH Pg.4 DRAWING RECTANGLE 3.4 NODE 4.1 END POINT 4.2 CREATING RAYS 4-1 4-2 4-2 4-2 4-3 4-3 4-3 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-5 4-5 4-7 4-7 4-7 Five: CONTROLLING THE DRAWING DISPLAY 5.5.5.3 DRAWING POINT OBJECT 3.2.7 TANGENT SNAP 4.3 CENTER 4.2.2 USING ZOOM 5-1 5-1 .3 XREFS 3.4 CONSTRUCTION LINES 4.1 GRID AND SNAP 4.5 INTERSECTION 4.2.4.TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.9 GRIP SNAP 4.2.10 OBJECT SNAP SETTINGS 4. XREFS 3.2.2 MID POINT 4.1 BLOCKS 3.2 OBJECT SNAP 4.1 CREATING CONSTRUCTION LINE 4. ATTRIBUTES.1 INTRODUCTION 5.2.4.2.2.3 POLAR TRACKING 4.8 NEAREST SNAP 4.2.5. TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.2.1 ZOOM REALTIME 5.2.2 ZOOM IN 5.2.3 ZOOM OUT 5.2.4 ZOOM WINDOW 5.2.5 ZOOM EXTENTS 5.2.6 ZOOM TO SELECTED OBJECT 5.3 USING PAN 5.3.1 PAN REALTIME 5.3.2 PAN POINT 5.4 THREE DIMENSIONAL (3D) VIEW 5.4.1 PLAN (TOP VIEW) 5.4.2 BOTTOM VIEW 5.4.3 VIEW FROM THE LEFT 5.4.4 VIEW FROM THE RIGHT 5.4.5 VIEW FROM THE FRONT 5.4.6 SW ISOMETRIC VIEW 5.4.7 SE ISOMETRIC VIEW 5.4.8 NE ISOMETRIC VIEW 5.4.9 NW ISOMETRIC VIEW 5.4.10 VIEW POINT PRESETS 5.6 TOOLBARS 5.7 MAGNIFIER 5.8 NAVIGATOR Pg. no. 5-1 5-2 5-2 5-2 5-2 5-2 5-2 5-2 5-2 5-3 5-3 5-3 5-3 5-3 5-3 5-3 5-3 5-3 5-3 5-4 5-4 5-4 5-5 SIX: EDITING METHODS 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6.2 SELECTING OBJECTS 6.2.1 CHOOSING COMMAND FIRST 6-1 6-1 6-1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 6.2.2 ADDING AND REMOVING OBJECTS FROM A SELECTION SET 6.2.3 SELECTING OBJECTS FIRST 6.2.4 EDITING WITH GRIPS 6.3 EDITING OBJECTS USING OBJECT PROPERTIES TOOLBAR 6.3.1 EDITING LAYERS 6.3.2 EDITING COLORS 6.3.3 EDITING LINETYPES 6.4 COPYING OBJECTS 6.4.1 MIRRORING OBJECTS 6.5 MOVING OBJECTS 6.6 ROTATING OBJECTS 6.6.1 ROTATING BY GRIPS 6.7 ERASING OBJECTS 6.8 RESIZING OBJECTS 6.8.1 SCALING OBJECTS 6.8.2 EXTENDING OBJECTS 6.8.3 CHANGING THE LENGTH OF OBJECTS 6.8.4 TRIMMING OBJECTS 6.9 INSERTING BREAKS IN OBJECTS 6.10 EXPLODING OBJECTS 6.11 JOIN 6.12 EDITING POLYLINES 6.13 EDITING WITH PROPERTIES TAB Pg. no. 6-3 6-3 6-4 6-4 6-5 6-6 6-7 6-7 6-7 6-8 6-8 6-8 6-9 6-9 6-9 6-10 6-10 6-10 6-10 6-10 6-11 6-11 6-12 SEVEN: MANAGING PROJECTS 7.1 USING LAYERS 7.1.1 WORKING WITH LAYERS 7.1.2 CREATING AND NAMING LAYERS 7-1 7-1 7-1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 7.1.3 MAKING A LAYER CURRENT 7.1.4 LOCKING AND UNLOCKING LAYERS 7.1.5 ASSIGNING COLOR TO LAYERS 7.1.6 ASSIGNING LINETYPE TO LAYERS 7.1.7 RENAMING LAYERS 7.1.8 DELETING LAYERS 7.2 WORKING WITH COLORS 7.2.1 SPECIFYING COLORS 7.2.2 SETTING THE CURRENT COLOR 7.3 WORKING WITH LINETYPES 7.3.1 TO LOAD A LINETYPE 7.3.2 MAKING A LINETYPE CURRENT 7.3.3 RENAMING LINETYPE 7.3.4 DELETING LINETYPES 7.3.5 CHANGING LINETYPE DESCRIPTION 7.3.6 SPECIFYING LINETYPE SCALE 7.4 ASSIGNING LAYERS, COLORS AND LINETYPES Pg. no. 7-2 7-2 7-2 7-3 7-5 7-5 7-5 7-5 7-5 7-6 7-6 7-6 7-7 7-7 7-7 7-7 7-7 EIGHT: DIMENSIONING AND TEXT 8.1 INTRODUCTION 8.2 DIMENSIONING CONCEPTS 8.2.1 DIMENSIONING TEXT 8.2.2 LEADER LINES 8.3 CREATING DIMENSIONS 8.3.1 TO SELECT A DIMENSION STYLE 8.3.2 LINEAR DIMENSION 8.3.3 RADIAL DIMENSION 8.3.4 ANGULAR DIMENSION 8-1 8-1 8-1 8-2 8-2 8-2 8-3 8-3 8-4 1.4 WORKING WITH TEXT STYLES 8.4 CLIPBOARD TO ENTITY 9.3.TABLE OF CONTENTS 8.2.2.2 CHANGING EDITOR OPTIONS 9.6 LEADER AND ANNOTATION 8.5.5 CREATE GRID 9.5.2.5 ORDINATE DIMENSIONS 8.1 INTRODUCTION 9.2.3 CHANGING LINE TEXT 8.2 SELECTION TAB 9.2 FORMATTING LINE TEXT 8.4.6 USING MULTILINE TEXT Pg.5 POFILES TAB 9-1 9-1 9-1 9-2 9-2 9-3 9-3 9-4 9-4 9-6 9-7 9-8 9-9 TEN: WORKING WITH SURVEY DATA 10. 8-4 8-4 8-5 8-5 8-5 8-7 8-7 8-7 8-8 8-8 NINE: TOOLS AND UTILITIES 9.6 PURGE 9.1 DATA TYPES 10.1 CREATING AND MODIFYING TEXT STYLES 8.1 EDIT POLYLINE 9.5.3.1.5 USING LINE TEXT 8.3 DRAFTING TAB 9.1.1 CREATING LINE TEXT 8.4 EXPORT TAB 9.1 DISPLAY TAB 9.3 AUTO DIMENSION 9.2 library 10-1 10-1 .1. no.2 EDIT TEXT 9.2.1.3.1.7 CENTER MARK 8. 3 UPLOADING DATA 10.3 LIBRARY PARAMETERS 10.4.3 ARCINFOTM SHAPE FILE 10.1 CODING METHODOLOGY 10.TABLE OF CONTENTS 10.4.2 DOWNLOADING DATA 10.3.3.4.3 DOWNLOADING SURVEY DATA 10.2.4.4 SAVING AND LOADING LIBRARY 10.3 ANGLE AND INTERSECTION 11. no.2.4.4.4.2 DISTANCE 11. 10-1 10-2 10-2 10-5 10-5 10-5 10-6 10-6 10-7 10-7 10-10 10-10 10-10 10-12 10-13 10-14 10-15 10-15 10-15 10-15 10-15 10-16 ELEVEN: COGO 11.3.3.4.5 VIEWING AND EDITING OF THE SURVEY DATA Pg.4.4.4 GRAPHICAL DATA 10.4.4 LEVEL 10.1 COLLECTED USING MODERN INSTRUMENTS 10.2.4.3.1 ANGLE CALCULATION 11-1 11-1 11-1 11-1 .3 DISTOMAT + ELECTRONIC THEODOLITE 10.1 AUTOPLOTTER DRAWING FILE (APD) 10.2 IMPORTING ASCII DATA 10.3.3 FORMATTING LINE TEXT 8.1 THEODOLITE 10.2 CONFIGURING LIBRARY 10.2 TACHEOMETER 10.3.4 IMPORTING DATA 10.5.3 TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTS 10.4.1 INTRODUCTION 11.2 AUTOCADTM DRAWING FILE & DXF FILE 10.4.2.1 CONFIGURING COMMUNICATION PARAMETER 10.3. 1 ELEVATION FILTER 13.3.3.3 PRINT PREVIEW 12. no.1 IMPORTING DATA 13.2 VIEWING AND EDITING IMPORTED DATA 13.1 CONTOUR BY GROUPS 13.4.1.4 TRIANGLE SOLUTIONS 11.3 GRAPHICAL DATA 13.2 FOR SIDE-ANGLE-SIDE 11.4.4 EXPORTING SURVEY DATA 12.4.4.2 TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTS 13.TABLE OF CONTENTS 11.1 PREPARING YOUR PLOTTER 12.2 CONTOUR BY RANGE 13-1 13-1 13-1 13-1 13-1 13-1 13-2 13-2 13-3 13-4 13-4 13-4 .5 FOR SIDE-SIDE-ANGLE 11.1 TOTAL STATION 13.4.4.1.1.1 FOR 3 SIDES 11.2 BOUNDARY FILTER 13.3.2 PLOTTING YOUR DRAWING 12.6 FOR THREE POINTS Pg.4.5 EXPORTING DRAWING DATA 12-1 12-1 12-3 12-4 12-4 THIRTEEN: DTM AND CONTOUR 13.4 CONTOUR DEFINITION 13.3 DTM FILTERS 13.3.3 USING BREAKLINE 13.2 ANGLE CALCULATION (LINE) 11. 11-2 11-2 11-3 11-3 11-3 11-3 11-4 11-4 TWELVE: PLOTTING AND EXPORTING 12.3 FOR ANGLE-SIDE-ANGLE 11.4 FOR ANGLE-ANGLE-SIDE 11.4. TABLE OF CONTENTS 13.4.3 INDIVIDUAL CONTOUR DEFINITION 13.5 CREATE CONTOURS 13.5.1 LAYERS: CONTOUR 13.5.2 LAYERS: LAYER PREFIX 13.5.3 LAYERS: ANNOTATION 13.5.4 LAYERS: SPOT LEVEL 13.5.5 CURVE TYPE 13.5.6 CENTROIDAL FIT CONTOUR 13.5.7 USE GRID DATA 13.5.8 SHOW SURFACE 13.5.9 REBUILD DTM 13.5.10 SCANNING RADIUS 13.5.11 ANNOTATION: SHOW SPOT LEVEL 13.5.12 ANNOTATION: CONTOUR LEVELS AT END 13.5.13 ANNOTATION: TEXT HEIGHT 13.5.14 ANNOTATION: SPOT LEVEL TEXT HEIGHT 13.6 REMOTE ELEVATION 13.7 EXPORT TO GRID 13.8 ADD POINTS 13.9 DTM 13.9.1 HOW TO CREATE NEW DTM 13.9.2 HOW TO MAKE DTM CURRENT 13.10 TERRAIN VOLUME 13.10.1 FINDING VOLUME BETWEEN A DTM SURFACE AND DATUM 13.10.2 FINDING VOLUME BETWEEN TWO DTM SURFACES 13.11 CROSS SECTION AND AREA 13.12 LONGITUDINAL PROFILE AND VOLUME 13.13 PROFILE ON CONTOUR Pg. no. 13-5 13-6 13-7 13-7 13-7 13-7 13-7 13-7 13-7 13-7 13-8 13-8 13-10 13-10 13-10 13-10 13-10 13-11 13-12 13-12 13-13 13-13 13-13 13-13 13-14 13-15 13-17 13-18 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOURTEEN: SECTIONS 14.1 IMPORTING SECTION DATA 14.2 CREATING CROSS SECTION TEMPLATE 14.3 ALIGNING ROUTE DATA 14.4 SECTION DATA FROM DTM 14.5 LONGITUDINAL SECTION 14.6 CROSS SECTION 14.7 CROSS SECTIONAL AREAS 14.7.1 dEFINE AREA 14.7.2 AREA REPORT Pg. no. 14-1 14-3 14-5 14.6 14.7 14-11 14-15 14-15 14-16 AUTOPLOTTER INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION AutoPlotter is an user friendly engineering application used in surveying, civil engineering field, mining field, road design and construction field and different other related fields. AutoPlotter simplifies the and minimizes the time required for various output generation such as contours, traverse & cadastral maps, longitudinal profile, cross-section, volume calculation etc. and acts on field to finish concept. AutoPlotter has an inbuilt drawing editor to display the drawing output. The user manual is common for different editions of AutoPlotter, but all the functionality may not be found in the edition installed at your system. This user manual is designed as a ready reference with quick starts. Chapters are defined based on their output and functionality. Bold Italics text denotes any item from the AutoPlotter’s menu. Italic Text denotes item from AutoPlotter’s Window. Chapter 1 (Installation) explains how to install, reinstall and upgrade AutoPlotter. Chapter 2 (Overview) makes you familiar with the AutoPlotter’s CAD environment and you learn to create, open and save a project file. You also learn about coordinate system. Chapter 3 (Drawing Entity) teaches you to create objects (lines, points, curves...) Chapter 4 (Drawing with Precision) teaches you to use snaps, grids and other tools Chapter 5 (Controlling the Drawing Display) teaches you how to view and navigate in your drawing window and view your data in 2D/3D Chapter 6 (Editing methods) teaches you how to edit and modify the entities created. Chapter 7 (Managing Project) teaches you how to create and use Layers, Pages, Colors and Line styles. Chapter 8 (Dimensioning and Text) teaches you how to add measurements and text to drawing and set the tolerance and precision. Chapter 9 (Tools and Utilities) explains you how you can use the tools and utilities to be more productive with your AutoPlotter system Chapter 10 (Working with Survey Data) explains you the functionality of Library and how to import survey data of different formats in your AutoPlotter project. Chapter 11 (COGO) explains you the use of COGO features such as resection calculation, conversions etc. which are required in day to day survey activity Chapter 12 (Printing and Exporting) teaches you how to print your drawing using different scales. This chapter also shows you how to export your data to other formats Chapter 13 (DTM and contour) teaches you about DTM, contours, volume for regions etc. Chapter 14 (Section) teaches you about Longitudinal and cross sections ICS . 5 UPGRADING AUTOPLOT TER 1.4 REINSTALLATION 1.3 UNINSTALLATION/MODIFY OPTIONS 1.CHAPTER 1 installation 1.6 TROUBLESHOOTING .2 INSTALLATION 1.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT 1. . AUTOPLOTTER 1.0 Installation 1.0 Installation 1.1 Systems Requirements The following minimum system and software requirements has to be met before installation. ! A minimum free Hard disk space of 30 Mb ! 128 MB of RAM (recommended), 32 MB (minimum) ! CD-ROM drive for initial installation only ! 32 bit Version : Windows Family ! Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0 or later ! TCP/IP or IPX protocol: If you are a system administrator planning to install AutoPlotter on a network, you must have either the TCP/IP or IPX protocol installed and functioning on the computers running AutoPlotter. (Optional) ! Parallel Port / USB hub for hardware lock. 1.2 Installation Follow the step by step procedure to install Autoplotter in your system:1. Insert the CD-ROM supplied with the package. A Startup wizard should automatically appear on your screen. If it does not appear Go to Windows explorer and run Start.exe from the CD drive. , 2. To install AutoPlotter 6.x, select the option from the list . Setup wizard will start and installation screen will appear. Click the Next button. 3. This will display the license agreement for the software. Go through the license agreement, & if you agree to it, continue by pressing Yes button. 4. User Details screen will appear Enter the user details for the software & then click the Next button. . 5. You will be asked to select the directory where you want to install. The default directory is C:\Infycons\AP6x. Select the appropriate folder where you want to install using the Browse button. Continue by clicking the Next button. 6. You will be prompted to select the type of installation. A) If your supply includes LPT dongle, select AutoPlotter 6.x with LPT support. B) If your supply includes USB dongle, select Autoplotter 6.x with USB support. C) If you are installing the demo edition of AutoPlotter, select the demo version which you want to install: (Standard/Professional/Professional+Mines) Continue by pressing Next button 7. The setup will start and complete automatically and shortcuts will be created in windows start menu and also on the desktop. You may be prompted to restart the system. In such case you should Restart your system. 8. To install any other software supplied along with AutoPlotter, return to the startup screen and select the appropriate option. ICS 1-1 AUTOPLOTTER 1.3 Uninstallation/Modify Options 1.0 Installation To Uninstall AutoPlotter or modify the installed options for AutoPlotter you can follow either of the following 2 methods 1st Method 1. From Windows Start Menu, select Settings->Control Panel. Select Add or Remove Programs from Control Panels List. In the Add/Remove Program window once the list appears, select AutoPlotter and Change or Remove Program. 2. A window will appear asking whether you want to Modify, Repair or Remove the software. Select the appropriate option and click Next Button. If you have selected the Uninstall option, the software will be uninstalled and may prompt you to Restart the computer . 3. In case, you have selected the Modify option, On pressing Next button another window will appear where you can change the installation options. 4. In case you have selected Repair option, the software will be repaired based on your current installation. 2nd Method 1. Insert the CD-ROM supplied with the package. Once the Startup wizard appears on screen, select the option: install AutoPlotter 6.x, from the list . Rest of process is same as in Method 1 1.4 Reinstallation To Reinstall AutoPlotter, uninstall the currently installed software from your system (Ref. 1.3) and then install AutoPlotter (Ref. 1.2) 1.5 Upgrading AutoPlotter You can Update the current version of AutoPlotter to a newer released version. The step by step procedure is given below: 1) Install AutoPlotter in your system (Ref. 1.2). If you have already installed AutoPlotter, you can skip this step. 2) Download the Update : Skip this step If update is supplied along with your kit. To download Update file, visit www.infycons.com and goto the update section. Download the Update file based on your type of installation. 3) Before starting with the update, you need to close the all the sessions of AutoPlotter. 4) Unzip the downloaded file and run the executable file. This will start Update AutoPlotter. And display a message that AutoPlotter has been successfully updated. 1.6 Troubleshooting If an error occurs during installation or update, try the following 1. Uninstall AutoPlotter (Ref. 1.3) from your system (if already installed) and restart the computer. 2. Install AutoPlotter (Ref. 1.2) 3. Start with the update process if you want to upgrade (Ref. 1.5) If you still face problem, contact our support at :
[email protected], & describe the exact errors that you are facing with error numbers if any. 1-2 ICS CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW 2.1 STARTING AUTOPLOTTER 2.2 UNDERSTANDING AUTOPLOTTER’S INTERFACE 2.3 ACCESSING COMMANDS 2.4 BASIC OPERATIONS 2.5 USING COORDINATE SYSTEM . You can hide or display a toolbar from Toolbars option in View menu. Toolbar: Toolbars contain tools. represented by icons. Popup menu: This menus are displayed based on the current command or window. Menus: The menus are available from the menu bar at the top of the AutoPlotter window. the status bar at the bottom. to open a new AutoPlotter Project.1 Starting AutoPlotter You can start AutoPlotter by double clicking the icon created in the Desktop or by selecting the AutoPlotter shortcut located in Infycons folder of Windows Start Menu. On Right clicking the ICS 2-1 .0 Overview 2. hold down ALT while pressing F (ALT+F) to open the File menu. a tooltip displays the name of the tool. You can choose menu options in one of the following ways: After you click the menu name to display a list of options. Toolbars contain icons that represent commands.2 Understanding AutoPlotter’s Interface When you start AutoPlotter. Once AutoPlotter starts a Splash Screen is displayed and then the Main AutoPlotter window appears as shown below Menu Toolbars Main Drawing Area Properties Tab Command Window Status Bar Figure 2-1: AutoPlotter Main Window 2. the command window. or Hold down ALT and then enter the underlined letter in the menu name. The menu bar contains the menus. that start commands. and several toolbars. the initial screen contains the menu bar at the top. For example. Then press ENTER to choose the highlighted New Project option. the drawing window.0 Overview 2. When you move the pointing device over a tool. The status bar displays the cursor coordinates and the status of modes such as Grid and Snap.AUTOPLOTTER 2. click the option to choose it. You can also Redo a previously undone action by using the REDO command. AutoPlotter prompts you to save that current project when you open another one. To use the command window and enter commands. choose Regen. Mouse Operations You can choose menu options and tools by clicking them with a mouse. by command line along with keyboard shortcut or command line shortcut. the left button is the pick button. your mouse focus should be in drawing editor. a command can be started from either of the four options: Menu. If you already have a project open. Middle roller button can be used for Dynamic Zoom.AUTOPLOTTER 2. used to specify points on the screen. With a three-button mouse. The right button is the return button if no popup menu is associated. Saving a AutoPlotter Project From the File menu. the middle button can act as Dynamic Pan or Zoom. Toolbars have limited commands. select the AutoPlotter project file (File Extension APP). Refreshing Display From the View menu.0 Overview mouse. 2. the popup menu appears. Pressing the return button is equivalent to pressing ENTER. choose Save Project In the toolbar click: Keyboard shortcut: Ctrl + S 2-2 ICS . The simplest is to use the UNDO (Shortcut: U) command to undo a single action. by toolbar. AutoPlotter supports up to 100 Undo and Redo operations since you have started Autoplotter. operation.Toolbar/Pop Up Menu/Command Line. 2. Two or three lines of previous commands are also displayed for history and reference purpose. choose Open Project In the toolbar click: Keyboard shortcut: Ctrl + O Once the File selection dialogue appears. Command Window: The command window is a window in which you enter commands and AutoPlotter displays prompts and messages.3 Accessing Commands In AutoPlotter.4 Basic operations Undo/Redo With AutoPlotter you can undo your most recent action or actions performed in the drawing editor window using any of several methods. Menu has complete listing of command. Future topics in this manual will show you options for accessing a command by menu. Command Line has command related mostly to graphics. You can also use the mouse to draw or to select objects on the screen. Command line: REGEN Opening a AutoPlotter Project From the File menu. On a two-button mouse. Popup menu changes based on the current command or window. The 8. the display shows its coordinate. the Y axis is vertical. use object snaps to select the point on the object. you indicate a point's distance (in units) and its direction (+ or -) along the X. If you have not saved your changes. Figure 2-2: Two-dimensional coordinate system and Z are zero. You can display online Help in any of these ways: On the Standard toolbar.0 Overview If you had previously saved and named the drawing. and the Z axis is perpendicular to the XY plane.Y. AutoPlotter prompts you to save or discard the changes or cancel the command. If you have never saved the project. such as endpoints and midpoints. This section describes how to enter coordinate values. Current cursor location ICS 2-3 .Z. you can exit AutoPlotter without saving the project again. To ensure precision. the Save Project As dialog box is displayed. Enter the new AutoPlotter project file name (The file extension is not required). Y and Z axes relative to the coordinate .0. Use Grid and Snap mode to specify evenly spaced points on the graphics area. It contains some information that does not appear in this book. AutoPlotter saves any subsequent changes made to the project in the same file.5 coordinate indicates a point 8 units in the positive X direction and 5 units in the positive Y direction. X.2 coordinate represents a point 4 units in the negative X direction and 2 units in the positive Y direction. you can add the Z axis to your coordinates so that a point is specified as X. The origin in a 3D coordinate system is the point where the values of X.4. Getting Help AutoPlotter includes online Help. When the cursor snaps to a grip. The X axis is horizontal. and Z.1 Using Cartesian and Polar Coordinate Systems A Cartesian coordinate system has three axes. Displaying Coordinates AutoPlotter displays the current cursor location as a coordinate in the status bar at the bottom of the Windows screen. Y. system origin (0. 2.5 Using Coordinate System When a command prompts you for a point.AUTOPLOTTER 2. AutoPlotter dynamically updates the coordinates as you move cursor. Once the Save dialogue appears. The . Another method is by selecting grips. click Help. Select Help menu. Grips are small boxes that appear at strategic locations on objects. If your work involves 3D modeling. 2. Press F1. When you enter coordinate values. Exiting AutoPlotter If you have saved your most recent changes. Y . use the ID command. you can use the pointing device to specify a point in the graphics area or you can enter coordinate values on the command line. Locating Points The following illustration demonstrates the location of points on the XY plane.0).5. To find the coordinate of a given point on an existing object. File is saved with APP extension. Polar coordinate systems use a distance and an angle to locate a point. entering 1<315 is the same as entering 1<-45 Figure 2-4 Entering Relative Coordinates Use relative X. enter a distance and an angle.5. separated by an angle bracket (<).1 2-4 ICS . specify a point by entering its X and Y values in the format X.Y.Y) or polar coordinates.0 Overview In two-dimensional space. make the following entries on the command line: Command: Specify first point: Enter -2.1 Specify next point: Enter 3. to specify a point that is at a distance of 1 unit from the previous point and at an angle of 45 degrees. For example.3 This draws the same line shown in Fig.AUTOPLOTTER 2.Y coordinate. and the Y value specifies vertical distance. to locate a point relative to -2. Angles increase in the counterclockwise and decrease in the clockwise direction.Y coordinate To enter an absolute X. Relative coordinate values are based on the last point entered.0). 2-3 Figure 2-3 Entering Polar Coordinates To enter a polar coordinate.1.4 AutoCAD locates the line as shown in Fig. also called the construction plane.0) indicates where the two axes intersect. 2-3 Specify next point: Enter @5. enter @1<45. Polar coordinates use a distance and an angle to locate a point. precede the next coordinate with the @ symbol: Command: Specify first point: Enter -2. They are useful for finding a series of points that are a known distance apart. The X value of a Cartesian coordinate specifies horizontal distance. enter a negative value for the angle.2 Specifying Cartesian and Polar Coordinates 2. to draw a line beginning at an X value of -2 and a Y value of 1. You can enter 2D coordinates as either Cartesian (X.Y coordinates when you know the position of a point in relation to the previous point. For example.Y coordinates when you know the precise X and Y values of the location of the point. For example. Entering Absolute X. Use absolute X. You can use absolute or relative values with each method. you specify points on the XY plane. The construction plane is similar to a flat sheet of grid paper. For example. To move clockwise. Absolute coordinate values are based on the origin (0. The origin point (0. CHAPTER 3 DRAWING ENTITY 3.6 HATCH .5 BLOCKS.1 DRAWING LINES 3.3 DRAWING POINT OBJECT 3.4 DRAWING RECTANGLE 3. XREFS 3. ATTRIBUTES.2 DRAWING CURVED OBJECTS 3. . In general. . If you need to draw a series of line segments as a single object. In general. and multiple parallel lines. from the Draw toolbar.choose . To Draw polyline using Arcs 1.3 3. ICS 3-1 . From the Draw menu. multiple line segments with and without arcs. you can create a range of objects. but various linetypes are available that use dots and dashes. and associative hatch areas. From the Draw menu.1. 3.0 Drawing Entity With AutoPlotter's drawing tools. Specify the first point of the polyline. choose Line or from Draw toolbar. Specify the start point of the line segment (1). from simple lines and circles to spline curves.AUTOPLOTTER 3. When you draw arc segments. To Draw a Line object 1. From Draw menu. To Draw polyline using straight segments 1. an unbroken line. Specify the endpoint of the line segment (2). Refer topic 2. Command Line: PLINE Command Line Shortcut: PL 2. the first point of the arc is the endpoint of the previous segment. Press ENTER to end or to close the polyline.0 Drawing Entity 3. You can set the width of individual segments from properties (Refer topic XXX). although you can also edit them singly. and close the polyline. properties such as linetype or color and measurements such as angles. 3. you draw objects by specifying points with the pointing device or by entering coordinate values on the command line. choose Polyline or. 3.1 Line A line can be one segment or a series of connected segments. Specify next point: This step repeats till you press Enter. Refer topic 7. choose . choose Polyline or. but each segment is a separate line object. from the Draw toolbar.1. Specify first point: 3.1 Drawing Lines The line is the most basic object in AutoPlotter. use a polyline. Use lines if you want to edit individual segments. Command Line: Line Command Line shortcut: L 2. 4. 3. choose Command Line: PLINE Command Line Shortcut: PL 2.5 The default linetype is CONTINUOUS. You can complete the arc by specifying an endpoint. For . information on how to specify coordinates. Use polylines if you want to edit all segments at once. You can create a variety of lines:single lines. you draw lines by specifying coordinate points. For more information about linetypes. ellipses.2 Polyline A polyline is a connected sequence of line or arc segments created as a single object. Specify the endpoint of each polyline segment. make segments taper. Figure 3-2: Multiline Style Dialogue There doesn't have to be an element drawn at the origin. . You position the elements by specifying the desired offset of each element from the origin of the multiline. You can set the color and linetype of each element and display or hide the joints of the multiline. You can create and save multiline styles or use the default style. 4. choose Add. Enter L to return to Line mode. 5. Repeat the step above to specify more points. 3. Enter another vertex of polyline. To finish drawing the multiline. Choose OK. The offset defines the 0. Specify next Point 4. Creating Multiline 1. and then make any necessary changes to Offset. From the Draw menu. Scale determines the actual units at which multiline will be drawn. Press ENTER to end the polyline. choose Multiline or from the Draw toolbar. 5.1. There are two end caps you can give the multiline:lines or arcs. A new style is added. Command line: MLINESTYLE Command line shortcut: MLS 2. 8. 5. which has two elements. 7. Color . 6. called elements.0 Drawing Entity Figure 3-1: Polyline with Arc 3. Choose Multiline style from the Config menu. To add an element. Enter A to switch to Arc mode.AUTOPLOTTER 4. To Close the first point and the last point. Creating Multiline Styles 1.0 origin of the multiline relative to which other elements are drawn. 3-2 ICS . choose . Offset specified will be scaled according to the scale entered. Specify first point 3. In the Multiline Styles dialog box choose New button. and Linetype. Choose Add Line to create a new offset line. type C in command prompt. Joints are lines that appear at each vertex. press ENTER or right-click and select Enter from popup menu. Enter the Name for the new multiline 3. Command Line: MLINE Command Line Shortcut: ML 2. Specify the endpoint of the arc (3).3 Multiline Multilines consist of between 1 and 10 parallel lines. You can Undo the previous point by entering U. choose Polygon or from Draw toolbar.0 Drawing Entity 6. You can also smoothen a polyline by changing its Fit Type property (discussed in Chapter 4) but cannot create a spline curves. Choose Display Joint to show joints at line segments.4 Polygon Polygons are closed polylines with a minimum of 3 equal-length sides. 8. 3. choose . they provide a simple way to draw squares and equilateral triangles. If you have selected onscreen entry. Because polygons always have equal-length sides. Choose the Justification for the multiline from the combo. Specify the spline's start point (1). Command Line: POLYGON . Justification controls the vertex point location of multiline (Top/Zero/Bottom) 7. Choose Ok to close the multiline dialogue box 3. To Draw a Spline 1. Specify points (2-5) to create the spline and Right Click and choose Enter from popup menu. or circumscribing it about. 4. choose window is displayed as shown below 2. A circumscribed to circle. arc.AUTOPLOTTER 3. ellipse and circle. From the Draw menu. an imaginary circle.2. You draw a polygon by inscribing it in. Select appropriate option and enter the values and choose Ok.2 Drawing Curved Objects In AutoPlotter you can draw a variety of curved objects such as spline.1. Splines are useful for creating irregular-shaped curves. Choose Current to make the new multiline current. you will be prompted to enter value for the same. Specify the start and end tangents (6. 3. 7). Figure 3-4A: Spline Illustration ICS Figure 3-4B: Same Spline Drawn with different Start & End Tangent point 3-3 . AutoPlotter uses a particular type of spline known as a nonuniform rational B-spline (NURBS) curve. Center point of imaginary circle. choose Spline or from the Draw toolbar. You can close the spline so the start point and endpoint are coincident and tangent. You create splines by specifying coordinate points. You can create a Polygonal Spline which is closed and filled. Figure 3-3: Polygon Dialogue box 3. 2. Similarly choose Start or End Line/Arc if required. 3. Creating Polygon 1.1 Drawing Spline Objects A spline is a smooth curve passing through a given set of points. A NURBS curve produces a smooth curve between control points. its radius and rotation of polygon can be specified in dialogue box or on screen. From the Draw menu. Enter the number of Sides and select whether the p o l yg o n is inscribed or . Other ways of drawing a arc are:By specifying Start. 4. Specify the second point. choose Circle->Center. You can also specify the center and diameter You can define the circle's circumference with two or three points as well. By specifying Start. Autoplotter draws arcs counterclockwise. By specifying Start. From the Draw menu. 3 2 Figure 3-5A: Circle. The arc snaps to the endpoint of the line. 3. From the Draw menu. Radius 2. This will draw circle circumscribed in an imaginary triangle. choose Circle->2 points 2.2. To draw a circle by specifying a center point and diameter 1. 3. Specify the center point. To draw a circle by specifying a center point and radius 1. and an endpoint. Center and Radius Figure 3-5B: Circle. Specify the first point. Specify the third point. direction. 1 4. The default method is to specify the center and radius. and chord length of arcs. 3-4 ICS . radius. Center & Length of Arc. Specify the start point (1) by selecting end point snap and selecting the line.AUTOPLOTTER 3. a second point on the arc. choose Circle->3 points 2.2. choose Circle->Center. The default method is to specify three points--a starting point. From the Draw menu. Center & Angle (Included).0 Drawing Entity You can create circles in several ways. Center & End point. Figure 3-6: Arc with 3 Points 3. The chord of an arc is a straight line between the endpoints. To draw a circle by specifying two points 1.2 Drawing Circles 3. Specify the radius. Specify the first point. From the Draw menu. 3. To draw a circle by specifying three points 1.3 Drawing Arcs You can create arcs in many ways. To Draw an arc by specifying three points 1. 3 Points 3. Specify the endpoint of the arc (3). 3. choose Arc 3 Points or from Draw toolbar choose Command Line: Arc Command Line Shortcut: A 2. By specifying Start. Specify the diameter of the circle. You can also specify the included angle. Diameter 2. . Specify the second point. End & Angle(Included). From the Draw menu. Specify the second point (2) by selecting mid point snap and selecting the mid point of the top line. Specify the center point. Specify rotation angle and first radius. 3. The order in which you define the axes does not matter . 3. By specifying Start. for example cross.AUTOPLOTTER By specifying Start. From the Config menu. choose the appropriate marker to be displayed. Specify a point. which is half the length of the second axis. Start & Angle (Included). To Create a Point 1. Choose Simple from the list and press Details button. Specify second radius. Press ENTER to finish. choose Point Style. A window appears as shown in fig. choose Ellipse or from Draw toolbar choose Command Line: ELLIPSE Command Line Shortcut: EL 2. End & Tangent Direction. your point marker and size will be set and your drawing will be updated automatically. enter the point markers absolute size 5.4 Drawing Ellipse The default method of drawing an ellipse is to specify the endpoints of the first axis and the distance. 3. choose Point or from Draw toolbar. 3-8A 2. plus. End & Radius of Arc. Center & End. and the shorter one is the minor axis. For size. Figure 3-7: Ellipse explanation Drawing Ellipse 1. You can set the style of the point and its size relative to the screen or in absolute units. The longer axis of an ellipse is called the major axis. From the Draw menu. By specifying Start. Command Line: POINTSTYLE.0 Drawing Entity 3.2. Specify the center point. as node or reference points that you can snap to and offset objects from. 4. From the Draw menu. 3. 4. 3. for example. For Mode. On pressing the Ok button. Repeat the same to specify more points.3 Drawing Point object Point objects can be useful. By specifying Center . Point Style & Size 1. choose Command Line: POINT Command Line Shortcut: PO 2. Figure 3-8A: Point Style window 3-5 ICS . point etc. 4. 11. Block is where you specify any blocks to be displayed along with point. Scale is where you enter the scale for the block specified. for example. modify them. or xrefs.(Required only if State selected is Draw Text Only or Draw Text & Symbol Only) 9.0 Drawing Entity 1. You can insert.AUTOPLOTTER Point Style & Size 3.1 Blocks A block is a collection of objects you can associate together to form a single object. Press Current to make the new point style active so that new points drawn uses this point style. 3. 3. or block definition. AutoPlotter updates all future instances of that block 3-6 ICS . any changes that have been made in the referenced drawing appear in the current drawing. You can explode a block into its component objects. parcel numbers and names. choose Command Line: RECTANG 2. and rotate a block in a drawing. Press Ok button to save and close the dialogue. you can attach or overlay entire drawings to your current drawing. Press New button 3. Attributes associate items of information with the blocks in your drawings. It can be Don’t Draw. Font is where you specify the Font Name to be used. Select State of the point. 3. Checkmark Enable Snap to Point if you want point of this style to used during node snap mode. You also have option not to show point. With blocks you can organize and manipulate many objects as one component. scale. 3-8A 2. 12. Draw Symbol Only. choose Point Style.5. (Required only if Block is specified) 8. Specify first corner. Draw Text Only. Using AutoPlotter’s external references.4 Drawing Rectangle 1. 3. Enter Name of Style.5 Blocks. (Required only if State selected is Draw Symbol Only or Draw Text & Symbol Only) Figure 3-8B: Creation of new Point style 7. Specification sheets or bills of materials can also be created using this information. and redefine the block definition. Checkmark Non-Movable if you want point to be fixed at point of insertion. choose Rectangle or from Draw toolbar. Command Line: POINTSTYLE. you can show a text or a symbol or both along with point. From the Draw menu. A window appears as shown in fig. Draw Text & Symbol Only. When you open your current drawing. From the Config menu. Specify second corner. Height is where you specify the height of text (Required only if Text is specified) 10. (P1) 4. 13. Using the state. 5. Attributes & XRefs AutoPlotter provides several features to help you manage objects in your drawings. AUTOPLOTTER based on the block definition. Z) direction. AutoPlotter will ask you whether you want to redefine the current block. Press Pick Point button and select the insertion point for the block. you specify the insertion point. Enter the Name of Block (Station) 3. or delete them from drawing once your block is created. Revise drawings efficiently by inserting. Inserting a Block definition You can insert blocks or entire drawings into the current drawing with INSERT command. and rotation settings. Save disk space by storing all references to the same block as one block definition in the drawing database. Y. scale. Blocks streamline the drawing process. the changes have no effect on the inserted block. For example. Press Select objects button. scale. The current window will hide. Subsequent insertions reference the block definition (which contains the geometric description of the block) with different position. Alternatively you can enter the coordinates in the space provided. Pressing Ok button will create the block. When you insert a block in your drawing. or convert Figure 3-9: Block Creation them into a block. You can either retain the selected objects for the block. you can use blocks to 3. Each time you insert a block instance. you assign a scale factor and rotation angle to the inserted block. Select the appropriate option. and copying blocks as components rather than individual geometric objects. AutoPlotter treats the inserted drawing like any other block reference. 5. When you insert a block or drawing. You can insert the same block numerous times instead of re-creating the drawing elements each time.0 Drawing Entity Build a standard library of frequently used symbols. Command Line: BLOCK. right-click and the block definition window is shown again. 6. choose Create Block. and rotation angle. A window appears as shown. In case the name specified for the block already exists. You can enter some description for the block (optional) 4. When you insert an entire drawing into another drawing. and you need to select the entities from the drawing screen which should be used in the block definition. You can also scale a block instance using different values in any coordinate (X. If you change the original drawing after inserting it. relocating. or standard parts. 4. From the Draw menu. If you choose to redefine all the block instances will be updated automatically. components. you are creating a block instance. If you want the inserted block to reflect the ICS 3-7 . Once you have selected the entities. Creating a Block Definition 1. 2. specify the insertion point and set the Attribute modes. you can redefine the block by reinserting the original drawing.The block reference is updated in the current drawing. then you will be prompted the entry in command line. Command line: ATTDEF 2. prompt. specify the block name. Choose Define Attributes from the Draw menu. 3. From the Draw menu. In the Attribute Definition dialog box. In the Insert dialog box. or if the file name is more than 31 characters or spaces. which describes the characteristics of the attribute. tag. For this Columns and Rows entry is provided along with dx and dy.AUTOPLOTTER 3. Choose OK. from the Draw toolbar.5. choose Command Line: INSERT Command Line shortcut: I 2. you can redefine the block in the current drawing by choosing File to locate the file for the block. If you have modified the original drawing file for a block. After creating the attribute definition. location. text formatting. have selected Specify on There is an option for creating a rectangular array of the inserted block. you can change the same. 1. In case you Figure 3-10: Block Insertion screen option.0 Drawing Entity changes you made to the original drawing. and any optional modes. va l u e information. If you want to insert a drawing but you don't want the file name to be the same as the block name.2 Attributes To create an attribute. you can select it as an object in a block definition (Ref Figure 3-11: Attribute Definition 3-8 ICS . dx and dy is the distance in x and y direction from one column to another one row to another respectively. The characteristics include the tag. choose Block or. you must first create an attribute definition. 3. where you want to insert it in the current drawing. 3. To Insert a Block 1. prompt. and whether you want to explode it after insertion. 4. and text options.Choose OK. you can Assemble a master drawing from component drawings that may undergo changes as a project develops.2. You have option for Sync where the blocks will be updated based on the selection. so it reflects the latest state of the referenced drawing file. By attaching xrefs. 2. the block definition and all of the associated geometry is stored in the current drawing database. create each one separately and then include them in the same block. 6. Select the Block from the Combo List and then select the attribute from the list.AUTOPLOTTER 3. Prompt & Default along with Modes.3 XRefs An external reference (xref) links another drawing to the current drawing. AutoPlotter automatically reloads each xref.5. always reflects the most current editing of each externally referenced file. Change the value as required. Editing Attribute Definition for Blocks If attribute definition has been used while creating block. When you insert a drawing as an xref. attributes can be edited if required. Press Ok button to save and close the attribute window. When you insert a drawing as a block.1). Choose the Global visibility 7. However. AutoPlotter prompts you with the text string you specified for the attribute. you can nest xrefs that are attached to your drawing. Change the value as required. 1. 4. ICS 3-9 . A drawing that contains xrefs. Each subsequent instance of the block can have a different value specified for the attribute. style. When you open or plot your drawing. it is updated when the original drawing changes. If you want to use several attributes together. 3. It is not updated if the original drawing changes. rotation etc. whenever you insert the block. 5. an xref does not significantly increase the file size of the current drawing and cannot be exploded. Coordinate your work with the work of others by overlaying other drawings on your drawing to keep up with the changes being made by other users. Figure 3-12: Block Insertion You can also Delete the attribute from the Block using the Delete button. Ensure that the most recent version of the referenced drawing is displayed. If the attribute definition is incorporated into a block. Text options tab has details text used for attribute definition such as justification. Color and Lineweight of attribute. an xref is displayed in the current drawing as a single object. text height. therefore. Like a block reference. A window appears as shown. Choose Attribute Manager from the Config Menu. Change the value as required. 3. Attribute tab contains information like Tag. Properties tab has information on Layer. Linetype.0 Drawing Entity 3. however. As with block references. choose Pick Points. Using Hatch Pattern AutoPlotter supplies a solid fill and more than 50 industry-standard hatch patterns. choose Hatch or from the Draw toolbar. or you can create more complex hatch patterns. Creating Hatch from Internal Point 1. You can define a simple line pattern using the current linetype with the User-Defined Pattern option. Specifying more than one internal point can produce unexpected results. choose Ok to apply the hatch. Command Line: HATCH 2. patterns can help differentiate the components of a 3D object or represent the materials that make up an object.0 Drawing Entity Hatching fills a specified area in a drawing with a pattern. Hatch patterns highlight a particular feature or area of a drawing. You can use a pattern supplied with AutoPlotter or one from an external pattern library. 4. Draw toolbar. HATCH can define boundaries automatically when you specify a point within the area to be hatched. which determines the line weight in the pattern. For example. Right Click. The entity should be closed. 5. You can hatch an enclosed area or a specified boundary using the HATCH command. 3-10 ICS . These patterns are listed at the end of the pattern list in the Hatch Pattern Palette dialog boxes. choose Pick Entities. 4. 1. Any whole or partial objects that are not part of the boundary are ignored and do not affect the hatch. 5. choose . In the Hatch dialog box. Specify a point in your drawing inside each area you want hatched. Note: When using Pick Points to create an hatch. In the Hatch dialog box. When you select an ISO pattern. you can specify a pen width. 3. specify one internal point per hatch block Figure 3-13: Hatch Creating Hatch from Entities placement. 3.6 Hatch 3. choose Command Line: HATCH 2. These patterns are listed by name and shown in the Hatch Pattern Palette dialog box. Specify the entity or entities you want to hatch. choose Ok to apply the hatch. The boundary can have overhanging edges and islands (enclosed areas within the hatch area) that you choose to hatch or leave unhatched. AutoPlotter supplies 14 hatch patterns that conform to the ISO (International Standardization Organization) standards. Right Click. In the Hatch dialog box. From the Draw menu. In the Hatch dialog box. You can also define a boundary by selecting objects. choose Hatch or from the .AUTOPLOTTER 3. From the Draw menu. CHAPTER 4 DRAWING WITH PRECISION 4.2 OBJECT SNAP 4.4 CONSTRUCTION LINES .3 POLAR TRACKING 4.1 GRID AND SNAP 4. . 6. Press Ok to save the settings and close the window. Y and Z direction in the Bold Step frame. Select Show Grid to display grid in drawing. or turn grid snapping on/off by pressingF9. or frame that entities may drape themselves on. Enter the Step in X. Y and Z direction in the Size frame. Select from drop down list for Type to specify how the minor grid should be displayed.e. second. Select from drop down list for Bold Type to specify how the major Figure 4-1: Grid Settings grid should be displayed. and. it helps you align objects and visualize the distances between them. In other words. AutoPlotter allows you to set cursor snap to the grid nodes. 5. The grid serves two purposes. The grid makes coordinate points "visible". do the following:1. Choose Grid from Tools menu. Using the grid is similar to placing a sheet of grid paper under a transparent drawing. 4.0 Drawing with Precision 4. Without leaving the drawing screen. the distance between grid nodes is 1. The cursor will then move exactly from node to node as you move the mouse. Similarly. ICS 4-1 . you can perform calculations on your drawing and display various types of status information. first. the minor tics are one unit apart and the major tics are ten units apart. You can toggle between Show Grid by pressing F7 9. 2.0 drawing unit. i. Select the level of the grid. To setup the desired grid. line or a dotted line. Press Button next to Color to set the color of minor grid. Enter the Bold step in X. At any time you can turn the grid visibility on/off by pressing F7. Press Button next to Bold Color to set the color of major grid. Select Snap to grid Nodes if you want your drawing cursor to select the coordinate of grid points automatically. Minor grid will be drawn based on this entry. 0 Drawing with Precision With AutoPlotter you can create your drawings with precise geometry without performing tedious calculations. Major grid will be drawn based on this entry. You can display a grid as point. A window will be displayed as shown. 3. whether the grid will be displayed on top of all the entities in the drawing or below all the entities in the drawing. 7. 4. the grid can be used as a snap device.1 Grid and Snap The grid is a pattern of equidistant dots that extends over the drawing.AUTOPLOTTER 4. By default. You can toggle between the Snap to Grid Nodes by pressing F9 8. Often you can specify precise points without knowing the coordinates. with the bold step being 10 nodes. the midpoint is determined to be the middle of each linear or arc segment.2 Midpoint The midpoint snap mode permits the user to snap to the midpoint of objects such as lines or arcs. such as a midpoint or an intersection. or the blank portions of dashed lines.AUTOPLOTTER 4. on existing objects. or connection icon shown is unique for any given snap mode. An "endpoint" for the purpose of this explanation is any point on any entity where a discreet coordinate set is established. The midpoint snap mode connection icon is a triangle figure. Within the scope of this definition are all vertices of polylines and polygons. The marker. For example. The center-point of a circle or an ellipse are not included in this definition. You also can set running object snaps. This will be the final location of any snap occurring while midpoint snap mode is active. Figure 4-3: Mid Point Object Snap 4-2 ICS . You can specify an object snap whenever AutoPlotter prompts for a point. There are a variety of ways to turn on object snaps. If you choose an individual object snap on the toolbar . For polylines. one or more object snaps that remain in effect as you work. objects on turned-off layers. 4. Object snap modes available in AutoPlotter is discussed below. the snap stays in effect only for the next point you specify. AutoPlotter displays a marker whenever you move the target box over a snap point. you can use an object snap to draw a line to the center of a circle or to the midpoint of a polyline segment. The second panel of the illustration highlights the locations of all possible midpoint snap locations in the portrayed figures. Most of the object snaps that are described here affect only objects visible on the screen.0 Drawing with Precision Object snaps constrain point specification to exact locations. that is. The endpoint snap mode connection icon is a rectangle figure.1 Endpoint Using Endpoint snap mode causes the cursor to snap to the closest endpoint of nearby objects such as lines or arcs. we see a vector labeled as "snap point". You cannot snap to objects that are not visible. This feature provides a visual clue that indicates which object snaps are in effect. Choose None to turn off both single and running object snaps.2. In the first panel of the illustration below. including objects on locked layers.2. Using object snaps is a quick way to locate an exact position on an object without having to know the coordinate or draw construction lines. such as objects not displayed. If AutoSnap is turned on.2 Object Snap 4. Figure 4-2: End Point Object Snap 4. Once you move the cursor's snap reticle over any part of the arc object. circle. arcs. The center snap mode connection icon is a circle.4 Node Node snap mode permits the user to snap one entity to the insertion point of a Point object. Figure 4-4: Center Object Snap 4. The node snap mode connection icon is a circle and X figure. Figure 4-6: Intersection Snap ICS 4-3 . and in the selected state. When you snap to the center. or ellipse. for example. and splines. To some lesser degree.0 Drawing with Precision causes the cursor to snap to the center of an arc. In the selected state. however.3 Center Center snap mode 4. its center.2. node snapping also works using the insertion point of other entities as well. circle. that grip will cause the pick box to linger at its location while the "node" snapping mode is active. those entities must be in a selected state prior to running your vector toward their insertion points. you will see the insertion grip of a circle. This snap mode also works for objects that are part of a block (a group of objects treated as a single object).AUTOPLOTTER 4.2.2. or ellipse. or centroid will become visibly highlighted as the anchor point for the snap operation. circles.5 Intersection The intersection snap mode permits the user to snap to the intersection of objects such as lines. The intersection snap mode connection icon is an X figure. the entity being drawn as the snap client needs to originate on a visible part of the arc. Figure 4-5: Node point Snap 4. 7 Tangent Snap Tangent snap mode permits the user to snap to the point on an arc or circle that forms a tangent to another object.2. or perpendicular alignment. Grip snapping lets you use these points for drafting.2. the actual vector will snap into position as illustrated in the second panel. In the first two panels of the illustration below. and. When using "nearest" snap mode. You can use the Perpendicular object snap with arcs. Different entity types have different arrays of grips. When using "nearest" snap mode. The near snap mode connection icon is similar to an hourglass figure.6 Perpendicular Snap Perpendicular 4. The pick box is the small square that is found at the center of the cursor inside the drawing window. Figure 4-7: Perpendicular point snap 4. the point of connection established between the two entities will ensure that the X or Y coordinate (if not both) is precisely the same between the two entities. we see a vector approaching the circumference of a circle. circles. without selecting the objects. In most instances. you will notice the pick box becomes a little larger than usual.9 Grip Snap Grip snapping mode permits the user snap to the specific points on objects called "Grips". If perpendicular snapping is active. 4. "Grips" are used to edit objects and are evident when the object is in the selected state. In the illustration below we see a vector approaching a diagonal line running from the lower left to the upper right. grips constitute nodes and visa versa. The tangent snap mode connection icon is a short line with a circle Figure 4-8: Tangent point snap 4. polylines. however. The perpendicular snap mode connection icon is the mathematical right angle symbol. lines.2.8 Nearest Snap Nearest snap mode permits the user to snap to a point object or snap to the location on another type of object that is closest to the selection point as defined by the boundary of the PICK BOX (selection rectangle).0 Drawing with Precision snaps to the point on an object that forms a right angled.2. if tangent snapping is active.AUTOPLOTTER 4. AutoPlotter uses the following points as grip snaps per specific object type: 4-4 ICS . the line segment will be dropped at the position illustrated in the second panel. with another object or with an imaginary extension of that object. 0 Drawing with Precision 4. If you need to use the same object snap repeatedly. If two potential snap points fall within the selection area. the aperture.4 quadrant points Block .10 Object Snap Settings When you specify an object snap. The alignment path and tooltip disappear when you move the cursor away from the angle. When you turn on multiple running object snaps. end Polyline . and then draw a two-unit line to point 3 at a 45-degree angle to the line.3 Polar Tracking When you are creating or modifying objects. the cursor changes to an object snap target box. Figure 4-10 ICS 4-5 . indicates that an object snap is on and identifies the selection area. Figure 4-9: Object Snap settings Dialogue 4. For example. When you select an object. AutoPlotter snaps to the eligible point closest to the center of the target box.vertices Arc . middle.insertion point The grip snap mode connection icon is a diamond figure. As with single object snaps. in the following illustration you draw a two-unit line from point 1 to point 2.start. center. or aperture. You can change the size of the target box. You can use Polar Snap to snap to specified distances along the alignment path.insertion point Text . AutoPlotter uses the object snap most appropriate to the object you select. end Circle .AUTOPLOTTER Line . For example.2. or target box. you can set it as a running object snap from the Object Snap settings . If you turn on the 45-degree polar angle increment.start. AutoPlotter displays an alignment path and tooltip when your cursor crosses the 0 or 45-degree angles. 4. you can use Polar Tracking to display temporary alignment paths defined by the polar angles you specify. which means it stays on until you turn it off. AutoPlotter snaps to the eligible snap point closest to the center of the target box. you might set End Point as a running object snap if you need to connect the end point of a number of lines. you can change the angular increment by selecting from the drop down list for Increment angle. You can enable/disable Polar tracking using F8 key 4-6 ICS . 15. Polar Angle and Distance You can use Polar Tracking to track along polar angle increments of 90. If you want any other specific step to be included in the angle increment. 5. 4. 8. first checkmark Additional angles and then press New button and add the new angle to be added in list. A window will be displayed as shown in figure 4-12 2. 60. To set polar tracking options. Press Ok to save and close the Polar tracking settings 7. and so on. You can enter the distance step in the space provided. 12. Figure 4-11 Polar snap restricts cursor movement to increments of a polar distance you specify. In Polar Angle Settings. The following illustration shows the alignment paths displayed as you move your cursor 90 degrees with the polar angle increment set to 30 degrees. 22. 45. Setting Polar tracking 1. a tooltip indicates the nearest polar snap increment. 16.0 Drawing with Precision As you move your cursor. and 5 degrees. if you specify a length of 4 units. In Polar Distance Step section. 10. In Polar Angle measurement section. As you move your cursor. You can use Polar Tracking with Intersection object snaps to find where a polar alignment path intersects another object. 18. 3. alignment paths and tooltips are displayed when you move the cursor near polar angles. choose Enable Distance Step if you want to track both angle and distance.5. or you can specify other angles. The default angle measurement is 90 degrees. choose whether the angles should be measured absolute from origin (3’o clock) Figure 4-12 or Relative to the last segment. 30. choose Tools Z Polar Tracking. 6.AUTOPLOTTER 4. Use the alignment path and tooltip to draw your object. For example. 4. the cursor snaps from the first point specified to lengths of 0. Specify through point. therefore. which extend in two directions. Unlike construction lines.4. 4). You can specify its orientation in several ways. Construction lines do not change the total area of the drawing. From the Draw menu. is considered the midpoint of the construction line. or create temporary intersections that you can use for object snaps. 3. Here you select/enter the point through which the construction line should pass. You can move. Construction lines that extend in one direction are known as rays. 4. and copy other objects. and copy construction lines just as you move. The default method for creating the line is the two-point method: you select two points to define the orientation. 1.1 Creating Construction Lines A construction xline can be placed anywhere in 3D space and extends to infinity in both directions. Specify Base Point. you can use construction lines to find the center of a triangle. Here you specify the point through which the construction line should pass. the root. Continue to specify points to create additional rays as needed (3. Specify a point through which the ray should pass (2). Creating a construction line 1. 3.2 Creating Rays A ray is a line in 3D space that starts at a point you specify and extends to infinity. their infinite dimensions have no effect on zooming or viewpoints. Like construction lines.4. 2.4 Construction Lines 4. As a result.0 Drawing with Precision You can create construction lines that extend to infinity in one or both directions. Figure 4-13 Construction Line Figure 4-14 Rays ICS 4-7 . For example.AUTOPLOTTER 4. rotate. prepare multiple views of the same item. These construction lines can be used as a reference for creating other objects. 4. You may want to create construction lines on a construction line layer that can be frozen or turned off before plotting 4. rays help reduce the visual clutter caused by numerous construction lines. Specify a starting point for the ray (1). rays are ignored by commands that display the drawing extents. All subsequent rays pass through the first point specified. choose Ray. rays extend in only one direction. Choose Construction Line from the Draw menu. rotate. Press ENTER to end the command. Command Line: XLINE 2. 5. Construction lines that extend in both directions are known as xlines. The first point. Commands that display the drawing extents ignore construction lines. AUTOPLOTTER 4.0 Drawing with Precision 4-8 ICS . 1 INTRODUCTION 5.7 MAGNIFIER 5.CHAPTER 5 CONTROLLING THE DRAWING DISPLAY 5.2 USING ZOOM 5.8 NAVIGATOR .6 TOOLBARS 5.4 THREE DIMENSIONAL (3D) VIEW 5.3 USING PAN 5. . Magnifying the image to view the details more closely is called zooming in.2 Zoom In In order to zoom in for better understanding or for precise editing you can directly click on the Zoom In toolbar (refer fig 5-1). 5. This can used even when another command is active.(refer fig. 5-1) or select View ZZoom Realtime from the menu bar. save a view and then restore it when you need to plot or refer to specific details. and without releasing it drag it vertically upwards. pull the top of the wheel backwards.2.0 Controlling the Drawing Display 5.0 Controlling the drawing display 5. Zoom Extents Zoom Window Zoom Out Zoom In Zoom Realtime Figure 5-1: Zoom Toolbar 5. the drawing image zooms in or out. you can control the drawing display to move quickly to different areas of your drawing while you track the overall effect of your changes. either click the Zoom Realtime icon on the Standard toolbar. which is the positive direction. Alternatively you can keep the mouse cursor anywhere in the drawing and simply rotate the mouse wheel toward the front of the mouse to zoom in. Hold the left mouse button down at the midpoint of the drawing and move the cursor vertically downwards to zoom out.2 Using Zoom The most common way to change a view is to use one of AutoPlotters’ many zoom options. Pressing ENTER after entering zoom on the command line automatically places you in Realtime mode. You can even activate the command by selecting ViewZ Zoom In from the menu bar. or type ZR on the command line. As you move the pointing device. which increases or decreases the size of the image displayed in the graphics area. To zoom in click and hold the left mouse button down. To use real-time zooming. To zoom out. This part of the User reference manual will include procedures as well as tips and tricks to navigate or customizing the drawing output to your requirement.AUTOPLOTTER 5. Shrinking the image to see a larger portion of the drawing is called zooming out. ICS 5-1 .1 Introduction AutoPlotter provides many ways to display views of your drawing. As you edit your drawing. You can zoom to change magnification or pan to reposition the view in the graphics area. 5.2.1 Zoom Realtime In AutoPlotter ZOOM Realtime provides interactive zooming capability. 3 Zoom Out 5.3 Using Pan By using this you can move the drawing display in the viewport or editor. First select any entity. Next you will be prompted to specify the displacement.2. Another way to activate Pan realtime is by clicking on the pan realtime tool box in the standard toolbar. Holding the mouse middle button or the mouse wheel down and dragging along the display is an alternative method for panning. and then select View Z Zoom to Selected Object.5 Zoom Extents If you need to view the complete drawing area in the editor enter ZE in the command bar and press Enter . The base point signifies the point with respect to which you want to pan the drawing. 5.4 Zoom Window You can quickly zoom in on an area by specifying the corners that define it. 5. On entering ZW in the command bar you will be prompted to select the first corner of the window or one of the limits of the desired area.3.2. you lock the cursor to its current location relative to the viewport coordinate system. 5.1 Pan Realtime In order to pan you can select View Z Pan Realtime from the menu bar. Click on the point to which you want the first point (base point)is to be moved. Otherwise type ZP in the command bar and press Enter.2. AutoPlotter will precisely zoom to the selected entity and display its extents in the editor. Graphics within the window are moved in the same direction as the cursor. 5.AUTOPLOTTER 5.7 Zoom to Selected Object If it is required to view an entity very closely Zoom to Selected Object can be used. the corners you select is magnified and centered in the new display. The keyboard shortcut for directly activating Zoom window is by pressing Ctrl+W. To initiate zoom previous select View Z Zoom Previous from the menu bar. 5.2.0 Controlling the drawing display Simply clicking on the Zoom Out toolbar (refer fig 5-1) will allow you to see a larger portion of the drawing. Click anywhere in the drawing holding the left mouse button down drag to the desired location.6 Zoom Previous Zoom previous can be used to restore or roll back to the initial zoomed state. You can even click on the Zoom Extents toolbox or select View Z Zoom Extents from the menu bar.2. 5-2 ICS . After specifying the first point you will be prompted to enter the opposite corner The region specified by . whether a point or line or polyline.2 Pan Point When you select View ZPan Point you will be prompted to click on the base point anywhere in the drawing. 5.This works even when another command is active. This helps in easy navigation within the drawing. ZOOM Extents changes the view to encompass the entity extents for the current drawing. The cursor changes to a hand cursor. Alternatively you can select ViewZ Zoom Window from the menu bar or simply click on the Zoom Window (refer fig 5-1) toolbox.3. By holding down the left mouse button. This command can be activated by selecting ViewZZoom Out from the menu bar. 5. 4.4.e.Isometric.4. NE-Isometric.4. Bottom.9 NW Isometric View In this 3d view the direction of view is from the North. you can select View Z 3D View Z Left from the menu bar.e.Top.6 SW Isometric View In this 3d view the direction of view is from the South-West or @225 degrees anti-clockwise from East. 5. 5. the direction of view is from the negative y direction.West or @ 135 degrees anti-clockwise from East. SE-Isometric.4.West Isometric.AUTOPLOTTER 5. NW-Isometric. 3d view of any drawing can be displayed by selecting the View Z 3D View menu option. the default values of Horizontal and Vertical angles are 225 degrees and 35 degrees respectively. 5. the direction of view is from the negative x direction. 5.1 Plan (Top View) This is the default view that AutoPlotter displays. If the value of the vertical angle is changed to 25 ICS 5-3 . The window which opens shows the default values of the horizontal as well as Vertical angles for the various 3d views namely SW.5 View from the Front To display the drawing with the viewpoint being in the front you can select View Z 3D View Z Front. 5. 5. Back and Front . 5. By default you will be able to see the Plan or the Top View. Right.4.10 Viewpoint Presets The 3d view of a drawing depends on the viewpoint and the direction of view.8 NE Isometric View In this 3d view the direction of view is from the North. If you want to change the presets select View Z 3D View Z Viewpoint Presets. 5.6 View from the Back In order to view the drawing from the Back i. The horizontal and vertical angles can be set by selecting View Z3D View Z Viewpoint Presets.7 SE Isometric View In this 3d view the direction of view is from the South-East or @ 315 degrees anti-clockwise from East. you can select View Z 3D View Z Back from the menu bar. If you are in any other viewport and you need to display the Plan or Top view select View Z 3D View Z Plan(Top View) 5.4.4 View from the Right If you need to view the drawing from the right or the positive x direction then select View Z 3D View Z Right.0 Controlling the drawing display AutoPlotter has the capability to display 3d views also.4. 5. Left.4. For a particular view for example South .2 Bottom View If you wish to view the drawing from the bottom you have to select View Z 3D View Z Bottom.East or @ 45 degrees anti-clockwise from East.4.4.4 Three Dimensional (3D) Views 5.3 View from the Left In order to view the drawing from the left side i. 5. To display or hide a particular toolbar.6.2 Modify The figure below shows the Modify toolbar. choose the name of the toolbar from the View Z Toolbar.Please refer the portion of the manual dealing with layers. If it does not automatically appear in Copy Erase Mirror Move Scale Trim Extend Join Explode Edit Text AutoPlotter.6 Toolbars The most easy and fastest method to activate commands is clicking on the toolbars. fig 5-2) the SW Isometric changes to a somewhat flatter view. you could have to select View Z Toolbar Z Modify. Open New Save Print Cut Print Preview Find and Replace Copy Paste Undo Redo Pan Properties Zoom In Zoom Out Zoom Extents Zoom Realtime Zoom Window Figure 5-3: Standard T oolbar 5.5 Only Current Layer In order to utilize this option to the fullest it is desirable to learn ‘Working with Layers’. It contains the most basic buttons required for controlling the project as well as drawing display. Once you have made a particular layer the current layer you can view only your current layer in the AutoPlotter display.0 Controlling the drawing display degrees (ref. Choose Only Current View from the View menu to activate/deactivate this option. Figure 5-2: Viewpoint Presets 5. Rotate Figure 5-4: Modify Toolbar 5-4 ICS . It contains the buttons required for modifying the objects in the drawing display.1 Standard Toolbar The figure below shows the Standard toolbar.AUTOPLOTTER 5.6. 5. 5. You can click Apply to keep the changed setting for further use. 6. It contains buttons for drawing point. It contains buttons like Layers. Area of a Polygon and Area from an Inner point. Layer Control. Measure Distance. . circle. Load Linestyle.6.7 Draw Toolbar Figure 5-9 shows the Dimension toolbar It contains buttons for adding dimensions to the drawing. angular ordinate etc. It is useful when a command is active and a particular snap mode needs to be used. Dimensions can be added as linear aligned. Color Control. It contains buttons like Snap to end point. 5.ordinates.6. It contains buttons like Point ID. line. Configure Lineweight. Layer Control Layer Load Linestyle Color Control Lineweight controls Configure Lineweight Library controls. Linetype Control Figure 5-6: Object Properties Toolbar 5. 5. . The Measure Distance button can be used to measure the distance between two points and also to know the length of a line. Lineweight controls and Library controls. 5. The Layer Control list can be used to change the current layer quickly.5 Object Snap Toolbar Figure 5-7 shows the Object Snap toolbar. snap to intersection and so on.0 Controlling the drawing display Get point ID Measure Area Area from Inner Point Measure Distance Figure 5-5: Enquiry Toolbar 5. It's a quick tool from drawing entities in the drawing.3 Enquiry The figure below shows the Enquiry toolbar. ellipse etc.6. It may also help you find the perimeter of a polygon.4 Object Properties The figure below shows the Object Properties toolbar.6 Draw Toolbar Figure 5-8 shows the Draw toolbar. .AUTOPLOTTER 5. z values of a point. If you want to move some objects from one layer to another you have to first select the objects then click on the Layer Control List and select the layer to which you want the objects to be moved. You can just click on any point in the drawing and instantly get the co. The Point ID button helps you to know the co-ordinates or x. Snap to mid point. y. as the commands are transparent in nature. The Measure area button helps you find the area of polygon whereas the Area from Inner point gives you the area of a closed object when you click on any point inside it.6. ICS 5-5 . Use the pull down button to view the complete list of layers in the drawing and then just click on any layer to make it the current layer. Linetype Control. AUTOPLOTTER Snap to End Point Snap to Mid Point Snap to Intersection Snap to Centre Snap to Tangent Snap to Perpendicular Snap to Nearest Snap to Node Snap to None Snap Settings Draw Point Draw Line 5.0 Controlling the drawing display Linear Dimension Aligned Dimension Ordinate Dimension Angular Dimension Draw Circle Radial Dimension Draw Arc Diameter Dimension Draw Ellipse Draw Multiline Draw Spline Draw Polygon Insert Block Create Block Hatch Draw Text Leader Center mark Draw Polyline Draw Rectangle Figure 5-7: Snap Toolbar Figure 5-8: Draw Toolbar Figure 5-9: Dimension Toolbar 5-6 ICS . User can move this rectangle in navigator window in order to change visible part of the drawing in main window. Navigator is displayed as a floating window on top of drawing screen. ICS 5-7 . Magnifier shows enlarged part of a drawing near cursor.AUTOPLOTTER 5. You can change the properties of the navigator from Options dialogue.7 Magnifier 5. and when user moves a cursor over a drawing the picture in the Magnifier are also changed real-time. without "Zoom In" operation. You can start Navigator by choosing Navigator from the View menu. This tool are very convenient when you want to see a small details of a drawing. In AutoPlotter you can show/hide a Magnifier by choosing Magnifier from View menu or from default popup menu.8 Navigator "Navigator" or "Aerial view" tool is a window that shows active drawing at its extents and shows rectangle that indicated part that visible in main window. Figure 5-10: Magnifier & Navigator 5.0 Controlling the drawing display Magnifier is a window which can be placed in any corner of AutoPlotter’s drawing screen. The Magnifier's parameters can be set in the Options dialog. AUTOPLOTTER 5.0 Controlling the drawing display 5-8 ICS . 10 exploding objects 6.7 erasing objects 6.2 selecting objects 6.8 resizing objects 6.CHAPTER 6 Editing methods 6.6 rotating objects 6.13 editing with properties tab .1 INTRODUCTION 6.3 editing objects 6.5 moving objects 6.12 editing polylines 6.11 join 6.4 copying objects 6.9 inserting breaks in lines 6. . The ICS 6-1 . AutoPlotter prompts you to select objects and replaces the crosshair with a selection crosshair. After that you can use the menu option Tools->Selection to select the desired objects. or it can be a more complex grouping: for example.0 Editing Methods 6. or all objects in the drawing. You can respond to the Select Objects prompt in various ways. to select most of the objects in the graphics area. or you can select the objects first and then edit them.1 Choosing the Command First When you choose an editing command. The objects selected will automatically be highlighted and its color will change to red(default). A selection set can consist of a single object. 6. You can create the selection set either before or after you choose the editing command.0 Editing Methods 6. the previous selection set. You can select the most recently created object. A selection window is a rectangular area that you define in the graphics area by specifying two corner points at the Select Objects prompt. For example. you need to create a selection set of the objects. You can add objects to and remove objects from a selection set.AUTOPLOTTER 6. You can make several changes to the same selection set.2. You select individual objects with the mouse or by using the methods described in this section. Use one of the following methods to create selection sets. Figure 6-1: Cross Hair 6. Using Selection Windows You can select objects by enclosing them in a selection window. the set of objects of a certain color on a certain layer. You can also use more than one selection method to make a selection. First Choose an editing command then select the objects and press ENTER.1 Introduction AutoPlotter offers two approaches to editing: you can issue a command first and then select the objects to edit. This chapter describes how to select and edit objects. select all objects and then remove the objects you don't want to be selected.2 Selecting Objects Before you can edit objects. 8. Dragging from right to left (crossing selection) selects objects within and crossing the selection area. 6-2 ICS .AUTOPLOTTER 6. Dragging from left to right (window selection) selects only objects entirely within the selection area. The order of the vertices of the polygon are represented by the numbers 1.Just click on the objects you want to select one by one. Objects must be at least partially visible to be selected. some trees and some Poles. Create the window by specifying points to enclose the area. The objects which are inside the circle in their entirety are only selected.2. Using the selection by Distance In order to select all the objects inside a circle you can use the option Tools->Selection->By Distance. Using the selection by Polyline If the same polygon used earlier is traced out using the option Tools->Selection->By Polyline it will be seen(refer figure 6-3) that all the objects it crosses are selected.. Using the selection by Point On selection of the option Tools->Selection->By Point the crosshair changes to selection crosshair (refer figure 6-1). On activation you will have to click o any point in the drawing and specify the radius of the circle inside which you want all the objects to be selected. To activate this option select Tools->Selection->By Rectangle. you use a window polygon to select all the objects entirely within an irregularly shaped area.3. enclose them in a polygon selection window. A window polygon selects only objects it encloses entirely.0 Editing Methods order in which you specify the points makes a difference. It is noteworthy that only the objects that are inside the polygon in their entirety has been selected(shown in red color). In the above figure (figure 6-2) there is a set of plots. In the following example. As shown in the figure (figure 6-2) a polygon is made to cross some plots and enclose some trees and Poles in it. If you select Tools->Selection->By Polygon and you will be prompted to draw a polygon in the drawing. Figure 6-2: Selection by Polygon Using the selection by Polygon Figure 6-3: Selection by Polyline To select objects within an irregularly shaped area. you can manipulate the objects with the graphics cursor or keywords.To continue adding to your selection set select as you would select normally. A selected group doesn't have a location that can be associated with it like the insertion point of a block.2.0 Editing Methods Figure 6-4: Examples of grip locations 6. When you select a group. With the grips. Grips mark control locations on a selected object. You can also select objects with the mouse so that they are marked with grips. you can select an entire group of densely grouped objects and then remove specific objects within the group. Linetype Control Figure 6-5: Object Properties Toolbar ICS 6-3 . you select the objects you want before editing.3 Selecting Objects First There are several ways you can select objects before you choose a method of editing them as you have seen in the earlier section. For example. leaving only the objects you want to be in the set. You can choose to remove objects only while object selection is already in progress or when objects in a selection set are highlighted and have grips. To remove some of the objects you have selected accidentally just press shift and click on the object to remove it from the selection set. you can choose to remove individual objects from that set.AUTOPLOTTER 6.2. Layer Control Layer Load Linestyle Color Control Lineweight controls Configure Lineweight Library controls. you can reduce your use of menus. each member of the group is marked with its own grips. 6. By using grips. When grips are turned on. as shown in the figure 6-4.2 Adding and Removing Objects from a Selection Set After you create a selection set. With grips you can use the mouse to combine command and object selection and therefore edit more quickly. and linetype. Color. The grip that appears at the center of the line can be used to move the line. color. and Linetype controls show the default properties assigned to the object in its entirety and not its individual parts. Center and the End position of the spline fit points depending upon which grip is selected. Three grips are the fit points and the other two are the start and end tangents. xrefs. You can assign layer. The figure below shows the Object Properties toolbar. 6. Circle: If you select a circle five grips will appear. Selecting any object when no command is active.AUTOPLOTTER 6. Move.2. Block: On selecting a block there will be five grips visible. The grip on bottom second from the left is for scaling the block in the x direction. The grip on the right hand side is for rotating the block. Line: When you select a line three grips will appear. Polyline: On selecting a polyline with a single segment you will be able to see two grips. For complex objects. Objects removed from a grip selection set are no longer highlighted. If you want to move some objects from one layer to another you have to first select the objects then click on the Layer Control List and select the layer to which you want the objects to be moved. The other three grip helps in moving the Start. Click on the middle grip and then place the line on any location in the graphics area. The grip on the top left is the grip for scaling the block in the y direction. The grip at the center can be used to move the circle to a new location. and linetype in the controls on the toolbar. The graphics cursor snaps to any grip over which it is moved. To exit Grip modes at any point and return to the Command prompt. hold down the SHIFT key as you select the object. To remove a specific object from the gripped selection set. color. enter x (Exit) or press ESC. Layer Control. The two grip helps in moving the Start and the End position of the line depending upon which grip is selected. Then select one of the Grip modes: Stretch. Spline: On selecting a spline with a single segment you will be able to see five grips. Linetype Control. and linetype properties to the individual components of complex objects such as blocks. when these properties are overriden. Color Control. The Layer Control list can be used to change the current layer quickly.0 Editing Methods The graphics cursor snaps to any grip over which it is moved. Lineweight controls and Library controls. Remove grips from the selection set by pressing ESC. color. Configure Lineweight. select a grip to act as the base point. and linetype controls. dynamically displays its layer. color. Use the pull down button toview the complete list of layers in the drawing and then just click on any layer to make it the current layer. It contains buttons like Layers. 6-4 ICS . 6. the Layer. Moving this grip will move the block.4 Editing with Grips To use grips for editing. The other four grips at the circumference of the circle may be used for scaling the circle. mlines. but their grips remain active. By changing the first and last grips you can change the start and end tangent angles. and linetype controls on the Object Properties toolbar consolidate the commands needed to view and edit an object's properties. The layer.3 Editing Objects Using the Object Properties Toolbar You can use the controls on the Object Properties toolbar to quickly view or change an object's layer. Rotate or Scale. Directly above it is the grip for scaling the block. and raster images. however. they cannot be viewed or edited by the layer. This selected grip is known as the base grip. The other two grip helps in moving the Start and the End position of the line depending upon which grip is selected. The grip at the bottom left represents the insertion point. Load Linestyle. color. mtext. AUTOPLOTTER 6.1 Editing Layers 6. still modify the properties on xref-dependent layers with the icons in the Layer control.3. frozen. click the Layer control. their names are grayed out in the Layer control. You can. To quickly scroll to the desired layer. To make a layer current On the Object Properties toolbar. Xref-dependent layers appear grayed out in the list because they cannot be made current and you cannot edit objects on those layers. Note that because frozen and xrefdependent layers cannot be made current. however. The figure below shows the layer control pull down list. enter the first letter of the name. Figure 6-6: Layer Control Figure 6-7: Color Control You can use the Layer control to transfer objects to be locked. and change an object's layer. or turned off layers. previously displayed. You can also change a layer's properties by clicking on the icons in the Layer control. You can make an object's layer the current layer by choosing Make Object's Layer Current.0 Editing Methods With the Layer control. but you cannot transfer an object to an xref-dependent layer. view the layer of a selected object. you can make a layer current. The layer of the object will be displayed in the Layer control window in the Object Properties toolbar Now pull down the Layer List and select the layer . ICS 6-5 . To make an object's layer current Select the object whose layer you want to make current. Select the layer you want to make current. new objects assume the color of the layer upon which they are drawn. If you choose BY LAYER. view the color of a selected object. you can make a color current.2 Editing Colors With the Color control. dialog box. Figure 6-8: To make a linetype current To change an object's color Select the objects whose colors you want to change. the Color control list box displays the color assigned to that object. and the colors of the selected objects are set to the BY LAYER option. BY LAYER is displayed in the Color control without a color swatch if the color assigned to each layer varies. On the Object Properties toolbar. If you select multiple objects with a variety of colors. If the desired color is not present in the list. 6. If one object is selected and no command is active.3. select a color . Select a color from the list. Figure 6-9: To change an object's linetype 6-6 ICS . To quickly scroll to the desired color enter the first letter of the name. the Layer control displays the layer assigned to that object. or choose Other to select a color from the Select Color . the block does not assume the layer's color if you have previously assigned a color to the block. Then In the Color control on the Object Properties toolbar. choose the Color control. and change an object's color. If you've selected multiple objects on a variety of layers. select the Other option and choose the desired color from the Select Color dialog box.0 Editing Methods Select the objects whose layers you want to change. Selecting a color from the list changes all selected objects to that color. Selecting a layer from the list changes all selected objects to that layer. Note that when you select multiple objects from different layers. new objects are drawn in the default color (white or black depending on your configuration) until they are grouped into a block. the display window of the Color control is blank. If you choose BY BLOCK. select a layer in the Layer control. To make a color current On the Object Properties toolbar. The objects in the block inherit the current color property. If one object is selected and no command is active. The Color control displays seven standard colors and the four most recently used colors. the control is blank. Note that if you insert a block on a layer whose color is set to the BY LAYER option.AUTOPLOTTER To change an object's layer 6. By default AutoPlotter will delete the objects which you selected for mirroring. On selecting the second point of the mirror line AutoPlotter will mirror the selected objects. Please note here that the Ortho option is kept on so that the line made by the points of mirror is vertical. choose Copy or. fig.AUTOPLOTTER 6. view the linetype of a selected object. Arraying creates sets of copies in a rectangular or circular pattern. select a linetype. In the first figure(Ref. which you define with two points. To make a linetype current From the Object Properties toolbar. The next figure (Ref. BYLAYER is displayed in the Linetype control. Specify the second point of displacement where you want your copied objects to be pasted. Specify the next point of displacement.610) selecting the two objects is shown using the rectangular selection option. 6.3 Editing Linetypes 6.Select the objects to copy and press ENTER. To change an object's linetype Select the objects whose linetypes you want to change. from the Modify toolbar.4. Selecting a linetype from the list changes all selected objects to that linetype. or press ENTER to end the command.611) shows the first point of mirror and the second point of mirror marked by the numbers 1 and 2.1 Mirroring Objects You mirror objects around a mirror line. Continue inserting copies. If you want AutoPlotter to retain those objects you have to keep the Shift key pressed when you select the second point of the mirror line. the display window of the Linetype control is blank. When you select multiple objects from different layers and the linetypes of the selected objects are set to the BYLAYER option. enter the first letter of the name. as shown in the illustration. or through a specified point. You will be prompted to select the objects you want to mirror. and change an object's linetype.0 Editing Methods With the Linetype control. Mirroring works in any plane parallel to the XY plane of the current UCS. choose the Linetype control. 6. To activate Mirror command you can select Edit->Mirror or type Mirror in the command bar and press Enter. Select the objects from the drawing and press Enter. Mirroring creates a mirror image of objects in a specified mirror line. fig. Select the linetype you want to make current. the Linetype control list box displays the linetype assigned to that object. If you choose BYLAYER.4 Copying Objects You can copy single or multiple objects within the current drawing. To quickly scroll to the desired linetype. Then select the first point of the mirror line and then the second.3. f one object is selected and no command is active. and you can copy between drawings or applications. An example linetype is not displayed if the linetype that is assigned to each layer varies. ICS 6-7 . choose . From the Edit menu. Offsetting creates new objects at a specified distance from selected objects. If you select multiple objects with a variety of linetypes. Figures 6-10 and 6-11 graphically explains the method of mirroring objects. you can make a linetype current. From the Linetype control list box on the Object Properties toolbar. Specify the base point. If you choose BYBLOCK. new objects assume the linetype of the layer upon which they are drawn. new objects are drawn using the continuous linetype until they are grouped into a block. The objects in the block inherit the current linetype property. 1 Rotating by Grips Select the object so that it is marked with grips. choose You can even activate the rotate command by typing ROTATE or RO in the command bar and press Enter . Refer figure 613 to get a better understanding of rotation by grips. you can rotate or align them or move them without changing orientation or size. 6. coordinates. 6-8 ICS .AUTOPLOTTER 6. Specify a relative angle to rotate the object from its current orientation around the base point by that angle.5 Moving Objects When you move objects.6-12) . Select the object to rotate and then select the base point for the rotation. grips. Specify the second point of displacement or the point to which you want the object to be moved. from the Modify toolbar. and object snap modes to move objects with precision. Whether the objects are rotated counterclockwise or clockwise depends on the Direction Control setting in the Units Control dialog box. You can even type MOVE in the command bar and press Enter to activate the move command. choose Rotate or. From the Edit menu. Drag to rotate the object and click or enter an angle to place the object in the new position. choose Move or.0 Editing Methods Figure 6-10: Selecting the objects to be Mirrored Figure 6-11: Original Object Retained 6.6. Use snap.6 Rotating Objects You rotate objects by choosing a base point and a relative or absolute rotation angle. 6. Specify absolute angles to rotate objects from the current angle to a new absolute angle. Select the object to move Specify the base point for the move. that is you cannot enter any specific angle to which you would like to rotate the selected object. Select the base grip marked R in the figure so it is highlighted(refer fig. from the Modify toolbar. choose . From the Edit menu. Specify the angle of rotation. This method of rotating an object is not exact. A scale factor greater than 1 enlarges the object. You can scale it by specifying a base point and a length.7 Erasing Objects You can erase objects using all the available selection methods. select the objects to erase. In the following example.8. choose You can activate the Erase command by typing ERASE or E in the command band and press Enter Using a . Or press the Delete key after selecting the objects. Enter . choose Erase or. 6. you decrease the size of the block by half. extending. When the Scale command is active select the object you would like to scale then specify the base point. Only objects enclosed by the window are erased. Thus. In the following example. from the Modify toolbar. Scaling with Grips You can use the Scale grip mode to scale objects. lengthening. scaling. For example. you use a window selection box to erase a section of piping. you can increase the size of a circle by ICS 6-9 . scaling it by a factor of 0.This will shrink the object to half of its original size. A scale factor less than 1 shrinks the object.5 (the scale factor). you can make an object larger or smaller. 6. To scale an object you have to select the Scale option inn the Edit menu. which is used as a scale factor based on the current drawing units.8 Resizing Objects You can resize objects by stretching. Or from the Modify Toolbar.1 Scaling Objects You scale selection sets using the same scaling factor in the X and Y directions.0 Editing Methods Figure 6-12: Grip used in Rotation Figure 6-13: Object being Rotated 6.AUTOPLOTTER 6. From the Edit menu. but you cannot alter its aspect ratio. and trimming them. click Scaling by a Scale Factor Scaling by a scale factor changes all dimensions of the selected object. window selection box. Alternatively you can type SCALE or SC at the command prompt and press Enter.5. or by entering a scale factor directly. You can also specify the current length and a new length for the object. At the select prompt select the objects to extend and press ENTER. 6. For example. exploding forms simple lines and arcs from polylines. From the Edit menu. An exploded object doesn't look any different. choose Trim or. Alternatively. from the Modify toolbar. ellipses. ellipses. circles.8. and you can change the length of open lines.Blocks inserted with unequal X. 6-10 ICS . Then select the point at which you want to break the object. and polygons.8. In the following example. However.10 Exploding Objects Exploding objects converts them from single objects to their constituent parts but has no visible effect.3 Changing the Length of Objects You can change the angle of arcs. Y. 6. You can break lines. If you explode a block that contains a polyline. but the colors and linetypes of objects can change as a result of floating colors. choose Extend or. a non-uniformly scaled block can be exploded during an insert. is scaled down. you need to explode the polyline separately. You can also extend objects to where they would intersect a boundary. you could enter a value for relative scaling. open polylines. layers. choose . Then select the objects you want to trim one by one.0 Editing Methods dragging outward from the base grip or decrease the size by dragging inward. the attributes are deleted. Groups explode into their member objects or into other groups. The resulting lines and arcs follow the polyline's centerline. Objects you define as cutting edges do not have to intersect the object being trimmed. 6. This will trim the objects at the cutting edges. choose Select the object for the boundary and then right click. and Z scale factors may explode into unexpected objects. 6. AutoPlotter discards the associated width information. On the select prompt you have to select the object you want to break. 6.AUTOPLOTTER 6. If you explode a block with attributes. Select the cutting edge and press ENTER or right click. The grips which appear on selecting an object are used to lengthen them.9 Inserting Breaks in Objects You can remove part of an object with the BREAK command. To activate the break command you have to type BREAK or BR in the command bar and press Enter.8. The results are similar to both extending and trimming.2 Extending Objects You can extend objects so that they end precisely at a boundary defined by other objects. but the attribute definitions from which they were created remain. From the Edit menu. elliptical arcs. circles. the outlet symbol. splines. Cutting edges can be lines. polylines. arcs. from the Modify toolbar. arcs. you can trim back to an implied intersection. and open splines. This is called extending to an implied boundary. arcs. splines. It replaces a block reference or associative dimension with copies of the simple objects that compose the block or dimension. When you explode a polyline.4 Trimming Objects You can cut an object precisely at an edge defined by one or more objects. open polylines. which is defined as a block. The trim command can be activated by typing TRIM or TR in the command bar and pressing Enter . rectangles. or linetypes. You can straighten the polyline between any two vertices and toggle the linetype so that a dash appears before and after each vertex. You can edit polylines by closing and opening them and by moving. objects to be exploded. You can set a uniform width for the entire polyline or control the width of each segment. For editing polylines you have to type PLINEEDIT or PE in the command bar and press Enter. If you are joining two lines then the endpoint of the first line will be connected with the start point of the second line. To activate the explode choose Explode from the Edit menu. Figure 6-14: Editing Polylines On selecting the polyline to be edited a window as show above will appear. That specified point will be inserted after the point which is currently highlighted in the Edit Polyline window. 6. There are many editing options which you can utilize. two objects will be joined. When you click on the Insert button you will be prompted to select the location of the new point in the drawing. As shown above Point Number 2 is selected inn the Edit Polyline window and the same point is marked in the drawing display. ICS 6-11 . or deleting individual vertices. When an entry is selected for editing the point is highlighted in the display with a circle.11 Join F rom the Modify toolbar you can click To activate this command you can type JOIN in the command bar or select the Join option in the Edit menu. You can change the values of x.12 Editing Polylines Two-dimensional and three-dimensional polylines can be edited using the Polyline Edit function. then select the two objects and press Enter The . y and z of any point you wish. Or from the Modify toolbar.AUTOPLOTTER 6.0 Editing Methods To explode any object you can type either EXPLODE or X in the command bar and press Enter Select the . If you want to add any point to the polyline you can do it with the help of the Insert option. To join two lines or polylines activate the Join command. adding. choose 6. You can even change the order of points in the polyline by using the Move Up and Move Down button. You can scroll the vertex list and see the co-ordinates one by one. Supposedly. Layer to which it belongs. 6-13b) the properties tab will display all the co-ordinates vertex-wise. if a polyline is selected.613a) and the other when an object is selected(refer fig. etc. color. 6.0 Editing Methods If you wish. To edit the properties of an object first select the object. it can be activated by clicking on Figure 6-15(a) & (b): Properties Tab When an object is selected the properties tab shows properties like object type. (refer fig. 6-12 ICS .13 Editing with Properties Tab In the figure below two states of the properties tab is shown. one when no object is selected(refer fig. The properties tab can be effectively used for editing the object properties. linetype. If it does not appear by default.6-13b). you can delete any point in the polyline by pressing the Delete button. You can even edit the coordinates.layer. the co- ordinates.color.AUTOPLOTTER 6. Then click on the box next to the property name in the Properties tab. etc. lineweight. The changes done in the Properties Tab will reflect immediately in the drawing display. 2 WORKING WITH COLORS 7.3 WORKING WITH LINETYPES 7.1 USING LAYERS 7.4 ASSIGNING LAYERS.CHAPTER 7 MANAGING PROJECTS 7. COLORS AND LINETYPES . . 7.0 Managing Projects 7. colors. 7. Also. etc. and colors already assigned. you can set up a template drawing with layers. Color helps you distinguish similar elements in your drawings. whenever you want to draw centerlines you can switch to that layer and start drawing. The default color assigned to the new layer is white. colors. linestyles. if you don't want to display or plot the centerlines. Organizing layers and objects on layers makes it easier to manage the information in your drawings. You can accept the default settings or specify other colors and linetypes. coordinate system. By default Layer 0 is the current layer. For example. You can rename a layer by clicking it and entering a new name. 7. The objects you create have properties including layers.1. and so on. Each new layer is numbered sequentially. When organizing your layer scheme.0 Managing Projects This portion of the User Manual will deal with the creation and usage and managing of Layers. If you consistently use a specific layering scheme. By default. Layer 0 cannot be deleted. Then. 7-1) ICS 7-1 . The same drawing limits. and linetypes help you differentiate easily between different drafting elements. choose layer names carefully. Layer1.You can create new layers and assign color and linetype properties to those layers.(refer fig. Mastering these techniques will go a long way in saving time and energy required for your project. layer 0 is assigned the color number 7 (white) and the CONTINUOUS linetype.AUTOPLOTTER 7. and zoom factor apply to all layers in a drawing.1.2 Creating and Naming Layers You can create and name a layer for each conceptual grouping (such as points or spot levels) and assign colors and linetypes to those layers. When you begin a new drawing. You don't need to set up your linetype and color every time you want to draw a centerline.1 Working with Layers You are always drawing on a layer. Each layer has an associated color and line type. you can create a layer on which you draw only center lines and assign the color blue and the CENTER linetype to that layer. AutoPlotter creates a special layer named 0. linetypes. You can modify the properties of the new layer as necessary.1 Using layers Layers are like transparent overlays on which you organize and group different kinds of drawing information. such as centerlines or hidden lines. Layer2. you can turn off that layer. It may be the default layer or a layer you create and name yourself. To activate the layer command: Choose Layers from the Config menu or from the object toolbar choose Command Line: LAYER Command Line Shortcut: LA A window will appear. and linetypes. and the default linetype is CONTINUOUS. hatchstyles. To lock a Layer first select the layer and check mark the checkbox named ‘Lock for Editing’ or you can simply click on the check mark. button.1.5 Assigning Color to a Layer You can assign color to a layer from the Layer & Linetype Properties dialog box by clicking the Color icon in the Layer list. 7.AUTOPLOTTER 7. When you make a layer current. For unlocking you can click on the same button and alternatively remove the 7.3 Making a layer current You are always drawing on the current layer.0 Managing Projects Figure 7-1: Layer Window 7. Another method to do the same is by double-clicking on layer name. you can 7-2 ICS .1. You can choose Other to specify a new color in the Select Color dialog box. You cannot edit the objects on a locked layer. they are still visible if the layer is on and thawed. along with the four most recently used colors and the Other option. however. any new objects you create are created on that new current layer and use its color and linetype.4 Locking and Unlocking Layers Locking layers is useful when you want to edit objects that are associated with particular layers but also want to view objects on other layers. If you make a different layer current.1. Clicking the Color icon displays the Select Color dialog box. You can make a locked layer current and you can add objects to it. When specifying a color. you can create new objects on that layer. To make a layer current you have to click on the Current button in the layer window keeping the layer in question highlighted. Selecting Color provides a list of the seven standard colors. lin’ file from the default location C:\Program Files\Infycons\AP5. In the Layer & Linetype Properties dialog box. the color name is displayed for the first seven colors. 7-3) will appear prompting you to select the linetype pattern file. In the Select Linetype dialog box. the relative lengths of dashes and blank spaces. The linetype name and definition describe the particular dash-dot sequence. select a layer and then click the linetype that is associated with that layer. 7. By default. If the list happens to be empty then follow the steps mentioned below:1. Close the Layer dialog box. Select the ‘acad. 2.1. You can assign an object a color that is different from the layer color. AutoPlotter assigns color number 7 (white) to newly created layers. 7-2) as shown below appears. .6 Assigning a Linetype to a Layer When you're defining layers. If you expand the Color column in the Layer & Linetype Properties dialog box. dots and blank spaces you can use to distinguish the purpose of one line from another. select a linetype from the list.You can also choose Details and select a linetype from the Linetype list. Figure 7-2: Load Linestyle Window Press the Add from File button. Choose Linestyle from the Config menu or the Object Properties toolbar choose Command line: LINETYPE Command line shortcut: LT A window (refer fig. linetypes provide another way to convey visual information. The remaining colors in the Color column contain a color number to identify them.AUTOPLOTTER 7. A Open dialog box(refer fig.0 Managing Projects enter the name of the color or its number Standard color names are available only for colors 1 to 7. and the characteristics of any included text or shapes. ICS 7-3 .0. A linetype is a repeating pattern of dashes. 7-4 ICS . Figure 7-4: Load Linestyles from a file window Press the Select All button and then press Ok button. All the linetypes will be loaded. A window(refer fig. In the Linetypes window press the Ok button.7-4) as shown below will open.AUTOPLOTTER 7.0 Managing Projects Figure 7-3: Open Linetype Pattern Dialog Box Then press the Open button. Now you will be able to change the linetype of any layer or any line. ICS 7-5 . an xref-dependent layer. You cannot rename layer 0 or an xref-dependent layer. Or type LA in the command bar and press Enter. you can enter the name of the color or its number The Color Index provides 255 .AUTOPLOTTER 7.0 Managing Projects You may want to rename a layer to better define how it's used in your drawing.2. Standard color names are available only for colors 1 to 7. depending upon your background color. You cannot delete the current layer. Any number of objects and layers can have the same color number. You can rename a layer at any time during a drawing session. or you can specify a different color. new objects assume the color of the layer upon which they are drawn. From the Config menu. You can assign each color number to a different pen on a pen plotter or use the color numbers to identify certain objects in the drawing even though you can't see the colors on your screen. layer 0.1. Color Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Color Name Red Yellow Green Cyan Blue Magenta Black/White Colors 8 to 255 must be assigned by a number or by selecting the color in a dialog box. 7. choose Layers.1. new objects are drawn in the default color until they are grouped into a block. The objects in the block inherit the current color setting. color numbers. select a layer to rename and then choose Details and enter a new name in the Name text box. or a layer that contains objects. You can define the current color as that of the current layer. cannot be deleted even if they do not contain visible objects.2. You make a color current by choosing Color on the Object Properties toolbar and then selecting a color from the list or selecting Other to display the Select Color dialog box. 7. If you choose BYLAYER.7 Renaming Layers 7. The default color (7) is either white or black. an integer from 1 through 255. Then choose OK. If you choose BYBLOCK. 7. Note that Layers referenced by block definitions. Each color is identified by a name or number. 7.8 Deleting Layers You can delete a layer at any time during a drawing session simply by selecting the layer and clicking on the delete button. In the Layer & Linetype Properties dialog box.1 Specifying Colors When specifying a color.2 Setting the Current Color You can assign a color to layers or objects that you create.2 Working with Colors You can assign colors to layers as well as to individual objects in a drawing. If you choose BYLAYER.AUTOPLOTTER For the detailed process of Setting the Current Color refer Section 6. A linetype definition must exist in a LIN library file before a linetype can be loaded into a drawing. dots.1. Figure 7-5: Making a Linetype Current 7-6 ICS . new objects are drawn using that linetype until they are grouped into a block. new objects assume the linetype properties of the CURRENT linetype. A complex linetype is a repeating pattern of symbols. For a detailed explanation on this please refer the section 7.3.1 To load a linetype In order to load a Linetype select the Linetypes option from Config menu. The objects in the block inherit the current linetype properties.6. To use a linetype you must first load it into your drawing. When the Linetypes window appears select the Linetype you want to make current and click on the Current button.2 Making a Linetype Current To use a linetype to draw on the current layer. and the characteristics of any included text or shapes.2. The linetype name and definition describe the particular dash-dot sequence. Here it may be noted that you can also make a linetype current by choosing the Linetype list on the Object Properties toolbar and then selecting a linetype.3. You can create your own linetypes. 7.0 Managing Projects 7. 7. you must choose a linetype and make it current. the relative lengths of dashes and blank spaces. All newly created objects are drawn using the current linetype. If you choose BYBLOCK.3 Working with Linetypes A linetype is a repeating pattern of dashes.3. and blank spaces. 7. you have each object drawn on its original layer with its original color and linetype For information about using the Object Properties toolbar to assign properties to objects. You can control layer visibility. When you rename a linetype. You can assign a name to each layer and select any combination of layers for display.3.3. you are renaming only the linetype definition in your drawing. each time you insert the block. The name in the LIN library file is not being updated to reflect the new name.3. however.4 Assigning Layers. By default. and linetypes. You can move objects from one layer to another and change the name of a layer. and linetype information of objects in a block.” ICS 7-7 .5 Changing Linetype Descriptions Linetypes can have a description associated with them. You can preserve the layer. In the Linetype window select on the linetype you want to rename and type the new name in the Name text box in the Details frame and then click current. In the Linetype window enter a new description in the text box next to Description. BYBLOCK. The smaller the scale.3. Note that if a linetype is referenced by a layer while using a dialog box. and Linetypes Once you've defined layers. linetypes that cannot be deleted include BYLAYER.3 Renaming Linetypes 7. color. Specify the new scale and click OK.4 Deleting Linetypes You can delete a linetype at any time during a drawing session.0. CONTINUOUS. 7. Blocks can be defined from objects that were originally drawn on different layers with different colors and linetypes. color.AUTOPLOTTER 7. Also. the current linetype. 7. The description provides an ASCII representation of the linetype. Then. In the Linetype window.6 Specifying Linetype Scale You can specify the linetype scale for objects you create. To delete a Linetype first select the Linetypes option from the config menu and select the linetype you want to delete from the Linetypes window and click Delete 7.3 "Editing Objects Using the Object Properties Toolbar. AutoPlotter uses a global linetype scale of 1. Colors. the more repetitions of the pattern are generated per drawing unit. Then select OK. you cannot delete that linetype until you close and reenter the Layer & Linetype Properties dialog box. see section 6. you can assign them to objects in your drawing. and linetype and specify whether objects on a layer can be edited. which is equal to one drawing unit. even if they contain no visible objects. there will be a Details frame where the text box next to scale can be used to set the scale of the linetype. colors. The number of layers in a drawing and the number of objects per layer are virtually unlimited. You can rename a linetype at any time during the drawing session.0 Managing Projects You may want to rename a linetype to more easily identify how it's used. linetypes referenced by block definitions cannot be deleted. and xref-dependent linetypes. You can assign or change a linetype description in the Layer & Linetype Properties dialog box. 7. You can group associated components of a drawing by assigning objects to layers. 0 Managing Projects 7-8 ICS .AUTOPLOTTER 7. 3 CREATING DIMENSIONS 8.4 WORKING WITH TEXT STYLES 8.CHAPTER 8 DIMENSIONING AND TEXT 8.1 INTRODUCTION 8.5 USING LINE TEXT 8.6 USING MULTILINE TEXT .2 DIMENSIONING CONCEPTS 8. . Text conveys important information in your drawing. rotated. Every dimension has a dimension style associated with it. dimensioning can be easily managed. Tolerances specify by how much a dimension can vary. For short. use multiline text. ICS 8-1 . You use text for title blocks. including measurements. simple entries. AutoPlotter draws dimensions on the current layer.1 Dimension Text Dimension text refers to any kind of text that is associated with dimensions. Style families allow for subtle modifications to a base style for different types of dimensions. to label parts of the drawing. or to make annotations. use line text.1 Introduction Dimensions add measurements to a drawing. or you can draw dimensions that stand alone. vertical. multilines. which establishes the default font and format settings. AutoPlotter provides various ways to create text. For longer entries with internal formatting. you can use several methods to customize the text appearance. and angular.2. the distances or angles between objects. aligned.0 Dimensioning and Text 8. With AutoPlotter. arcs. or the X and Y coordinates of a feature. circles. A simple example of each is shown here. 8. Figure 8-1: Linear & Aligned Dimensioning Figure 8-2: Ordinate Dimensioning You can dimension lines. Thickness information is not supported. ordinate. The style controls characteristics such as color. baseline. 8. and linetype scale.AUTOPLOTTER 8. Linear dimensions include horizontal.2 Dimensioning Concepts Dimensions show the geometric measurements of objects. Although all entered text uses the current text style. Overrides allow for style modifications to a specific dimension. and polyline segments by selecting the objects using object snaps. to give specifications. and continued dimensions. radial. text style. whether the default or one you define.0 Dimensioning and Text 8. AutoPlotter provides three basic types of dimensioning: linear. As you create dimensions. You can copy annotation used elsewhere in a drawing and append it to a leader. Before you create dimensions. so when the annotation is edited.1 To select a dimension style From the Config menu select Dimension Style. the current style is used. supply your own text. Leader objects are associated with the annotation. or you can create a new annotation using the LEADER command. 8. Usually. and linear dimensions whose text won't fit between extension lines.3. If you don't. or feature control frames. such as special manufacturing procedures or assembly instructions. You can rename and modify this default style. a leader's function is to connect annotation with the feature.2. You can also create a leader with no annotation appended. the leader is updated accordingly. If you haven't yet created a style. diameter. blocks. the dimension is assigned the default style.AUTOPLOTTER 8. you choose a dimension style. You can use dimension text to add information. Annotation in this case means paragraph text. prefixes.3 Creating Dimensions You can create dimensions by selecting an object to dimension (1) and specifying the dimension line location (2). Such leader lines are different from the simple leader lines AutoPlotter creates automatically for radial.2 Leader Lines A default leader line is a straight line with an arrowhead that refers to a feature in a drawing.0 Dimensioning and Text tolerances (both lateral and geometric). 8. you can modify the dimension text content and its angle relative to the dimension line. or suppress the text entirely. suffixes. STANDARD. and textual notes in single-line or paragraph form. Figure 8-2: Change Dimension Style 8-2 ICS . You can use the default measurement computed by AutoPlotter as the text. 8. You will be prompted to select the first extension line origin and then second extension line origin.3.AUTOPLOTTER You can rename the standard Dimension style and change its properties. 8. the dimension line is parallel to the extension line origins.3. To change the text settings regarding fonts . you can modify the text. from the Dimension toolbar. from the Dimension toolbar choose . You can also place text in any location using the User Defined option in the Dimension Style dialog box.etc. you can modify the dimension line angle as well as the text content and angle.3 Radial Dimensions Radial dimensions measure the radii and diameters of arcs and circles with optional centerlines or a center mark. vertical or aligned. As you create linear dimensions. You will be prompted to select the first extension line origin and then second extension line origin. you can override this as you create the dimension by specifying a horizontal or vertical dimension. the angle of the text. In the Edit Name text box change the name to your liking. However. When you are finished with setting the dimension style to your liking you can click on Set Current button in the List tab to apply the new settings. click on the Text tab. or the angle of the dimension line.2 Linear Dimensions Linear dimensions can be horizontal. ICS 8-3 . 8. Then click on the Lines and Arrows tab to change any of the setting you like to change. depending on the extension line origins you specify or the point where you select an object. The figure 8-1 shows an example of aligned dimensioning. To create a aligned dimension. If you want to change the Units click on the Units tab. from the Dimension toolbar. choose . Move the pointer to see whether the horizontal or vertical dimension is being displayed. If the current style has the Fit option of Leader available. Specify the location for dimension. Aligned dimensions have the dimension line parallel to the line along which the extension line origins lie. As you create horizontal and vertical dimensions.0 Dimensioning and Text To add a new Dimension style click the New button in the Dimension Style window. Radius Dimension To create a radius dimension. Specify the location for dimension. Alternatively you can select the Aligned option from the Dimension menu or type DIMALI in the Command bar and press Enter. 8.. Alternatively you can select the Linear option from the Dimension menu or type DIMLIN in the Command bar and press Enter. Alternatively you can select the Radius option from the Dimension menu or type DIMRAD in the Command bar and press Enter. choose . The dimension will be displayed based on the location where you have selected. To create a horizontal or vertical dimension. Aligned Dimensions In aligned dimensions. . Horizontal and Vertical Dimensions AutoPlotter automatically applies a horizontal or vertical dimension. Baseline (or parallel) and continued (or chain) dimensions are series of consecutive dimensions that can be based on a linear dimension. the dimension is applied with a leader line. On that prompt using the Snap to Nearest point option select the circle. If you want to know the angle two lines make then keeping the snap to Nearest point select the first and then the second line. from the Dimension toolbar choose . from the Dimension toolbar choose .or Y-datum ordinate dimension. from the Dimension toolbar choose .6 Leaders and Annotation A leader is a line that connects some annotation to a feature in a drawing. the dimension measures the X coordinate. dimensions measure the perpendicular distance from an origin point.3. And then select the point where you want the dimension to be written. The absolute value of the coordinate is used.0 Dimensioning and Text You will be asked to select the arc of the circle. such as a hole in a part.4 Angular Dimensions Angular dimensions measure the angle between two lines or three points. To dimension an angle on an arc. circle. These dimensions prevent escalating errors by maintaining accurate offsets of the features from the datum.3. Alternatively you can select the Angular option from the Dimension menu or type DIMANG in the Command bar and press Enter. . If you want to create an arc dimension of a circle then keeping the snap to Nearest point select the arc. To create an ordinate dimension. If the difference between the feature location and the leader endpoint is greater in the Y coordinate. You can also dimension an angle by specifying the angle vertex and endpoints. Diameter Dimension To create a diameter dimension. you select the object and specify the angle endpoints. You will be asked to select the arc of the circle. For example. And then select the point where you want the dimension to be written. you can use them to measure the angle between two radii of a circle.AUTOPLOTTER 8. 8. Otherwise. Leaders and their annotation are associative. or datum. AutoPlotter automatically determines whether it is an X.3. AutoPlotter uses the origin of the current UCS to determine the measured coordinates. which means if you modify the annotation. 8. 8-4 ICS . The text which is at 90 degree is the value of the x co-ordinate and the text which is at 0 degrees is the value of the y co-ordinate. X-datum ordinate dimensions measure the distance of a feature from the datum along the X axis. If you specify a point. Y-datum ordinate dimensions measure the same distance along the Y axis. it measures the Y coordinate. Alternatively you can select the Ordinate option from the Dimension menu or type DIMORD in the Command bar and press Enter. 8. On that prompt using the Snap to Nearest point option select the circle. The dimension line forms an arc. To create a angular dimension. called the datum.5 Ordinate Dimensions Ordinate. the leader updates accordingly. Alternatively you can select the Diameter option from the Dimension menu or type DIMDIA in the Command bar and press Enter. to a dimensioned feature. Ordinate dimensions consist of an X or Y ordinate with a leader line. . . And then select the point where you want the dimension to be written. This is called an automatic ordinate dimension. And then select the point where you want the dimension to be written. or line. New text inherits height. AutoPlotter uses the current text style. a feature control frame. you must create any text style that you want to use. it has no hook line. or a block reference. 8.0 Dimensioning and Text Don't confuse the leader object with the leader line AutoPlotter automatically generates as part of a dimension line. Text annotation can be entered either on the command line a line at a time or in the Multiline Text Editor dialog box. it is created as no word-wrap text (its width is set to zero). choose . Enter what text you want to be displayed above the leader and press OK.AUTOPLOTTER 8. or you can append a copy of existing annotation. if one is present. and other text characteristics.1 Creating and Modifying Text Styles Except for the default STANDARD style. size. upside-down. Leader color is controlled by the current dimension line color Leader scale is controlled by the overall dimension scale set in the current dimension .3. from the Dimension toolbar.4 Working with Text Styles All text in an AutoPlotter drawing has a style associated with it. Creating a Leader Line You can create a leader line from any point or feature in a drawing and control its appearance as you draw it.7 Center Mark To create a Center Mark. from the Dimension toolbar. You will be asked to select the arc of the circle. Alternatively you can select the Leader option from the Dimension menu or type LEADER in the Command bar and press Enter. choose . is controlled by the first arrowhead defined in the current style. The defaults for the current style are displayed at the prompts on the command line. style. obliquing angle. 8. Once you've created a style. You can create a new annotation. backwards. Text or feature control frame annotation is placed at a specified offset from the final endpoint of the leader. or delete it when you no longer need it. You can use the object snap modes to specify the start point of a leader accurately. The hook line is the length of a single arrowhead. angle. which sets the font. Alternatively you can select the Center mark option from the Dimension menu or type CENMARK in the Command bar and press Enter. Select the first and second leader points and then right-click.4. you can modify its attributes. Leaders can be straight line segments or smooth spline curves. If you enter text on the command line. To create a Leader. When you enter text. width factor. If the leader has no annotation. orientation. and vertical alignment ICS 8-5 . You specify this offset in the Dimension Style Annotation dialog box under Text Gap. You can use or modify the default style or create and load a new style. Adding the Annotation Leader annotations can be multiline text. change its name. The type and size of arrowhead. Hook lines appear with multiline text and feature control frames if the last leader line segment is at an angle greater than 15 degrees from horizontal. On that prompt using the Snap to Nearest point option select the circle. 8. Here you will be asked to enter the annotation. A small line known as a hook line usually connects the annotation to the leader. and preview the text style. When you create or modify a text style. The sample text in the Preview area is updated to show the changes you make to the style.When you choose OK . To create a text style From the Config menu. Under either Font or Effects. In the window which appears click on New and type the name in the New Text Style dialog box and click OK. you use the Text Style dialog box or command line interface to assign or change the style name. underscore (_). where n is a number that starts at 1. They can contain letters. You can continue to change characteristics. choose OK. numbers. assign a font to the style and set the font's width and angle. The new style you've created has all the characteristics shown in the Text Style dialog box. select a style name. Each new style is shown in increments. choose Text Style. If you don't enter a style name. Figure 8-3: Defining New Text Style To modify a text style From the Config menu. and hyphen (-). Select the font you want to associate with the new font style from the Font drop down combo box and click OK. or you can do it later. choose Text Style. Style names can be up to 31 characters long. changes to the style are applied. To update text in the drawing that uses the current style.0 Dimensioning and Text properties from the current text style. such as the font.AUTOPLOTTER 8. AutoPlotter automatically names the style Stylen. and the special characters dollar sign ($). 8-6 ICS . change any of the options. and can only be undone by changing the characteristics and choosing OK again. In the Text Style dialog box. set the orientation of text. This prompt appears only if text height is set to 0 in the current text style. From the Draw menu. Then specify a text rotation angle.1. A "rubber band" is attached from the text insertion point to the pointing device cursor To specify the height onscreen. The alignment determines what part of the text character aligns with the insertion point. create line text using TEXT or T. It may be a complex specification. reformat. That is.0 Dimensioning and Text The text you add to your drawings conveys a variety of information. Enter more text as needed. After that from the Style drop down list select the text style of your choice. Style sets the default format characteristics. 8. or otherwise modify. a label. you assign a style and set alignment from the command line.AUTOPLOTTER 8. click . choose Text. Specify the insertion point for the first character. you can align it horizontally. you can assign an existing style by entering its name at the Style prompt. Aligning Line Text As you create text.1 Creating Line Text Use TEXT to create a single line of text. Enter the text and press ENTER or click OK. You cannot apply formats to individual words and characters.5. Left alignment is the default. Each text line is an object that you can relocate.2 Formatting Line Text When you create line text. You can specify the rotation angle by moving your pointing device or on the command line. you can justify it with one of the alignment options shown in the following illustration. When you create text.5 Using Line Text 8. the pick button to set the height of the text to the distance specified by the length of the rubber band. Specify the height of the text. Figure 8-4: Assigning a Style to Line Text To specify a style when you create line text Repeat the method as explained in Creating Line text section 8. ICS 8-7 .5. title block information. For shorter entries that do not require multiple fonts or lines. Line text is more convenient for labels.5. or even part of the drawing. Assigning a Style to Line Text The styles used for line text are the same as those used for multiline text. 8. Style alignment. justification. erase. and text height changes to individual characters. When used with line text. mirror. and copied. or scale (see chapter 6. Click on the Alignment pull down list and select the required alignment. copy. Before creating the text. erased. text. line text objects can be moved.AUTOPLOTTER 8. 8. and rotating. or apply character formatting to selected characters. AutoPlotter inserts the text entered in the dialog box within this width limit. "Editing Methods").3 Changing Line text Like any other object. Multiline text has more editing options than line text. 8. words. you must define the paragraph's width. You can change line text with ED command. You can format individual words or characters within the multiline text. you can apply underlining. When text entry is complete. fonts..6 Using Multiline Text For long. stretch. Justification determines where the text is inserted with respect to the text boundaries.0 Dimensioning and Text Figure 8-5: Aligning Line Text The figure 8-5 shows how you can select the Alignment of you single line text during the creation of the text. rotate. etc. text size. complex entries. Text objects also have grips for stretching. scaling. You can edit the contents. or make a reverse copy of. each set of paragraphs created in a single editing session forms a single object. rotation. rotated. ED changes only the content. You can apply the text height. and style to the text object. A line text object has grips at the lower-left corner of the baseline and at the alignment point. For example. rotation angle. With the help of the properties Tab. Multiline text consists of any number of text lines or paragraphs that fit within a width you specify. Multiline text fits a specified width but can extend vertically to an indefinite length. color. 8-8 ICS . create multiline text using MTEXT. You also can mirror.5. To change other attributes you can use the Properties Tab. which you can move. Regardless of the number of lines. or phrases within a paragraph. CHAPTER 9 TOOLS AND UTILITIES 9.2 CHANGING EDITOR OPTIONS .1 INTRODUCTION 9. . That specified point will be inserted after the point which is currently highlighted in the Edit Polyline window. you can delete any point in the polyline by pressing the Delete button. 9.0 Tools and Utilities 9. or deleting individual vertices. text. and rotating. line text objects can be moved. You can edit polylines by closing and opening them and by moving.0 Tools and Utilities 9. When you click on the Insert button you will be prompted to select the location of the new point in the drawing.1 Introduction These are the additional components in AutoPlotter which help you in various ways. You can straighten the polyline between any two vertices and toggle the linetype so that a dash appears before and after each vertex. scaling. The procedures and usefulness of these are described below. adding. 9.For editing polylines you have to type PLINEEDIT or PE in the command bar and press Enter. rotated.1. When an entry is selected for editing the point is highlighted in the display with a circle.2 Edit text Like any other object. Text objects also have grips for stretching. There are many editing options which you can utilize. A line text ICS 9-1 .AUTOPLOTTER 9.1. If you want to add any point to the polyline you can do it with the help of the Insert option. erased. and copied. You also can mirror. As shown above Point Number 2 is selected in the Edit Polyline window and the same point is marked in the drawing display. y and z of any point you wish.1 Edit polyline Two-dimensional and three-dimensional polylines can be edited using the Polyline Edit function. Alternatively you can select Edit Polyline from the Utils menu. If you wish. or make a reverse copy of. You can even change the order of points in the polyline by using the Move Up and Move Down button. You can set a uniform width for the entire polyline or control the width of each segment. You can change the values of x. Figure 9-1: Editing Polylines On selecting the polyline to be edited a window as shown above will appear. When used with line text. When this command is activated you will be prompted to select the entities to be Auto dimensioned. ED changes only the content.1.1. You can edit the contents.. With the help of the properties Tab. First select the layer of the reference code in which you want to plot the points.AUTOPLOTTER 9. text size. If that particular reference code is defined as a polyline in the survey library the points will form a polyline. Style alignment. And if the reference code is defined as point in the survey library then AutoPlotter will plot points with the given coordinates. rotation. etc.0 Tools and Utilities object has grips at the lower-left corner of the baseline and at the alignment point. When this command is activated you have to either type in the co-ordinates of the points you want to plot on the drawing. You can change line text with ED or TEXTEDIT command. After you have selected the entities you will be asked to select whether you want the bearings of the lines and polylines to be displayed or not and then specify the dimension offset. 9.3 Auto Dimension To activate this command you can type AUTODIMENSION in the command and press Enter or select Auto Dimension option from the Utils menu.4 Clipboard to Entity To activate this command you can select Clipboard to Entity option from the Utils menu. All the selected entities in the drawing will be dimensioned. You can select any of the available options such as Lines or Polylines or All. To change other attributes you can use the Properties Tab. Figure 9-2: Clipboard to Entity 9. To activate this command you can even select Edit TEXT from the Utils menu. 9-2 ICS . 9. 5. From the Utils menu. choose Purge. press the Purge All button. 3. To Purge un-referenced objects 1. Creating the grid through normal commands is tedious.6 Purge You can purge unused. 4. A layer is referenced by the objects on the layer. all objects of a specific type. the leftmost grid corner . unreferenced named objects from a drawing at any time during an editing session.1. So AutoPlotter provides an option for automatic creation of grid. if purging a layer removes the only reference to a linetype. a font file might be referenced by a text style. Purging reduces drawing size. You cannot purge objects that are referenced by other objects. If you want to purge Layer BO. If it is unable to purge some objects. This will try to purge all the un-referenced objects from the drawing. You can either enter or choose using mouse. Command Line: PURGE 2. Purging removes only one level of reference. Enter X Spacing of Grid. or all named objects in a drawing. You can purge individual objects. Figure 9-3: Purging Objects ICS 9-3 . How to Draw Grid 1.AUTOPLOTTER 9. the linetype is not purged until you purge again using the linetype option. You can either enter or choose using mouse. If you want to purge a particular object. Command Line: DRAWGRID 2.g. E. Enter Y Spacing of Grid. For example. For example.5 Create Grid 9. Press Close button to close the window once you are done. The text style and size for the coordinates will be the current text style and height. AutoPlotter will purge those objects which have been marked as “Yes” for purge. A window appears as shown in figure 9-3. Choose Create Grid option from the Utils menu. It is useful when the drawing is taken in print form. 4. Press the Purge button. The grid will be created in the current layer and the coordinates will also be displayed. If you want to purge all the objects. 5.Enter Right Top Coordinate. the rightmost grid corner . the status will be displayed.Enter the left bottom point. 3. then change the option to Yes by selecting from the drop down list next to object.1. 6. The objects are listed based on the type. a physical grid needs to be created mentioning the X and Y coordinate of the grid. then change the purge type to Yes as in figure.0 Tools and Utilities In some drawings such as contour. the crosshairs have a finite size. If unchecked. the cross hair will not be visible in the drawing screen. Options window is displayed which has 5 tabs. Magnifier Size: You can set the size of the magnifier window (Refer topic 5. At 100% the ends of the crosshair are never visible.AUTOPLOTTER 9.0 Tools and Utilities Choose Options from the Tools menu. If unchecked. Figure 9-4: Display Tab: Options Show crosshair cursor: If you want the cross hair to appear in the drawing screen. When the size is decreased to 99% or below. the system cursor will not be visible in the drawing screen. then checkmark this option. and the crosshairs’ ends are visible when moved to the edge of the graphics area.2 Changing Editor Options You can customize many of the AutoPlotter settings using options. Crosshair size: Controls the size of the crosshair The allowable range is from 1 to 100 percent of the total . 9-4 ICS . screen. The default size is 100%. Items of individual tab is explained below 9. 9. then checkmark this option.7).1 Display Tab Show system cursor: If you want the system cursor to be displayed. The maximum size that can be set is 500 and the minimum is 50.2. The value ranges from -50 to 50 Redraw Steps: When the drawing is regenerated using REGEN command. the greater the performance impact.AUTOPLOTTER 9. Scale ranges from 3 times to 15 times of actual size. Draw Image border: When a image is inserted in drawing screen. and all the 256 colors that appear in the color selection box. after a certain zoom out magnification. From the color list. 3. The higher the number you specify. if you want to display the borders of the image then checkmark this option. Color Palette: Using color palette. follow the instructions:1. Steps range from 3000 to 50000. threshold can be set. at what zoom level an entity will be displayed. To set a new color palette or modify the existing color palette. You can control the quality of text display by entering the desired text quality. Press Save button to save the changes. Press Yes button to save. Green & Blue value. You will be prompted whether you want to save changes to current pallette file. the text stops appearing and only the border is displayed on screen. Text quality: Text that are created in drawing have curvature representation and fills. 4. Always display window scrollbar: You can control whether you would like to see the scroll bars in the side of the drawing screen by checking this option. Figure 9-5: Color settings ICS 9-5 .0 Tools and Utilities Magnifier Scale: You can set the scale to use in magnifier display by selecting from the drop down list. select the color you want to change. Char/Frame threshold: When the text is zoomed out. You can also use the Change Color button and select the color. Segment per curve: Sets the number of line segments to be generated for each curve. you can change the background color. if you want navigator to update automatically as you zoom and pan in the main drawing screen. A window is displayed as shown in figure 9-5 2. then checkmark this option. The value ranges from 3 to 5 Entity appearance threshold: You can control . all the entities are redrawn. The value ranges from 1 to 7. You can set the position to: Right bottom. Change the Red. Press Color Palette button. The process is done in step by step manner with iteration. foreground color cursor color . Right top. then checkmark this option. Smooth Pan by scrollbars: If you want the scroll bars to automatically update while you are panning in the drawing screen. Magnifier Position: You can set the location where the magnifier will appear in drawing screen by setting the magnifier’s position. Left bottom and Left top of the drawing window. Realtime view by Navigator: While using navigator. (RGB value). To control till what level the text should appear. if you want the selection to clear. then checkmark this option. then checkmark this option. Figure 9-6: Selection Tab: Options Use Shift to Add selection: If and existing selection is there in drawing screen. 9-6 ICS . Select polygons by inner area: If you want to select a polygon by simply clicking inside the polygon. then checkmark this option.2 Selection Tab 9.2. only when Shift button is pressed. checkmark this option. you can add more entities to the current selection using any selection mode. if you want AutoPlotter to select that particular entity automatically. then checkmark this option. you are asked to select some objects to edit.0 Tools and Utilities Autoselect by point: When you click on a particular entity in the drawing screen. then select this option. Autoselect by Rectangle: When you draw a rectangle in the drawing screen. Unselect Edit entities: When you perform an edit operation such as move. then checkmark this option. rotate etc. if you want AutoPlotter to select that the points that are inside the rectangle. Select only in current layer: If you want to select the entities which are only in the current layer. After the edit operation is over. and you want to select the polyline by clicking inside the polylines boundary. Closed polylines as polygons: In case the polyline is closed. If you want to restrict addition of new entities to current selection.AUTOPLOTTER 9. 2. By default it will be dashed. if you want to display a hatch inside the polygon selected. Figure 9-7: Selection Tab: Options ICS 9-7 . Selected Entities Color: Press the button next to Color to set the color for selected entity.8 and 6. Marker: If you want to snap to the markers which are displayed. You can control the size of the pick box using the drag bar provided. Enable Grip: We have already discussed about grips in topic 4. using options of autosnap mode. checkmark this option. 9.2. Grip box size: You can set the size of the grip boxes by using the drag bar provided.3 Drafting Tab Autosnap Settings You can control how the snap mode should work when you have enabled it. your mouse cursor changes to pick box to pick entities in drawing.4 If you want to use grips for editing. checkmark this option. Pen Style: You can choose how the selected entities linestyle will be by setting the pen style.2. Pick box size: When you are in selection mode.0 Tools and Utilities Draw hatch on selected polygon: When a polygon is selected. then you can checkmark this option.AUTOPLOTTER 9. Grip color: You can set the color in which the grip boxes will be displayed using button next to grip color. Aperture size: You can set the aperture size for the cursor using the drag bar. a tooltip will be displayed showing the angle (as well as distance if distance track is enabled). Tracking Settings If you are using polar tracking (refer topic 4. Display tracking tooltip: When you are moving your cursor on a polar tracking ray. You can also set the numeric precision for DXF files. checkmark this option. Display Autosnap aperture box: If you want to display the markers for the snap while you are moving your cursor.4 Export Tab In the export tab you can set in which version the APD drawing will be exported in DWG and DXF format. You can control whether you want this ray to be displayed or not. Figure 9-8: Export Tab: Options 9-8 ICS . by checkmarking/uncheckmarking this option. you can have few options for the tracking. a ray will be displayed showing polar track line. Autosnap marker color: You can set the color for the autosnap markers using the button provided for color.0 Tools and Utilities Magnet: If you enable this option then your snap will try to catch the snap which is nearest to the cursor location automatically.AUTOPLOTTER 9. You can control whether you want to display the tooltip by checkmarking/uncheckmarking this option. Display polar tracking vector: When you are moving your cursor and you are near a certain angle mentioned for polar tracking.2. Autosnap marker color: You can set the size of autosnap marker using the drag bar provided.3) in your editor. 9. AUTOPLOTTER 9. You can rename a particular profile’s name by clicking the Rename button. You can delete a profile using the Delete button.0 Tools and Utilities In the profile tab you can save all the current settings. If you want to add a new profile to save the option settings. click the Add button and then specify the name and comment if any. Figure 9-9: Profiles Tab: Options ICS 9-9 .5 Profiles Tab 9.2. You can set a previously saved profile as your current profile by selecting the profile name from list and pressing the Set current button. You can also reset the settings using the Reset button. 0 Tools and Utilities 9-10 ICS .AUTOPLOTTER 9. 4 IMPORTING DATA 10.2 library 10.1 DATA TYPES 10.3 DOWNLOADING SURVEY DATA 10.5 VIEWING AND EDITING OF THE SURVEY DATA .CHAPTER 10 WORKING WITH SURVEY DATA 10. . 3D surfaces. different sets of properties can be set. For the other types. You can generate other outputs such as contours. It can be also supplemented by description.2. This kind of data can be processed for generating traverse plan. Sectional information can be longitudinal or cross section. easting(X Coordinate). it will be worthwhile to understand the Coding methodology of the system 10. The data is supplemented by additional fields such as point number and description. Offset and elevation as the main field. Surveyor has to only maintain the object ID instead of assigning new code ICS 10-1 . Entity number and additional description text for the point. 10. 10. Easting. In case of point. Based on the entity number. This should be followed by a unique number also referred to as entity number/object ID and then user can have additional text information for description. The numeric 1 & 2 which follows the main Code DRAIN is the object ID to identify & group 1st drain points separately from 2nd drain points. Before we start understanding the features available in the Library. This kind of data is usually collected at site when the survey is conducted using total station or GPS. since it needs to be joined together a coding practice needs to . The First part of the Code can be alphanumeric characters of any length. Northing. This data is also created by Autoplotter when the survey is done by traditional instruments such as theodolite. Proposed level data can be either entered by user or generated from Autoplotter. We will take an example for better illustration. contour drawing. & then assign DRAIN1 for all the points belonging to the first drain and DRAIN2 for all the points belonging to the second drain. followed.0 Working with survey data 10. a line. This type of string based joining method is simple to execute at field. the first entity will be separated from the second entity. which will be useful for the plan generation. Description The description field is particularly used to identify library type.1 Data Types Traverse Data : The data which has planimetric information for a survey is known as the traverse data. as well as for transfer to CAD. To handle section data see chapter on Sections. Main section data collected from site is for original ground level using levelling instruments. volume calculation for terrains etc.1 Coding Methodology AutoPlotter categorizes the survey features encountered in the field as : a point. then we can designate DRAIN as the main code. Supposing there are two drainage lines to be surveyed. Traverse data has northing (Y Coordinate). based on the data. Based on the code. Section Data: Data which has sectional information of route is known as section data. distomat etc. The usual format of data is : Point Number. This chapter deals with Traverse Data only.0 Working with survey data In AutoPlotter you can import the survey data from different sources for which the plan can be generated automatically. a closed line.2 Library Library in AutoPlotter decides how to identify the codes used while the survey was carried out. inter connectivity is not required. so it can be represented by any designated code. This kind of data can be processed for generating Plans. DTM generation. & a closed traverse. tacheometer. sections etc. Section data has Chainage. Elevation. cross sections and Area-Volume calculation along route.AUTOPLOTTER 10. Longitudinal profile. elevation(Z Coordinate) as the main fields. This field is not used by Autoplotter. which cannot be deleted. & can be left blank as well. Right click and select Delete from popup menu. There are some predefined codes such as OFFSETLINE. In figure 10-2. they can be set as type line. we need to understand the types in detail Point: A survey node which is not required to be joined to another survey node of same code. Type: Type decides whether the Code you have specified is for a point. To select the correct type. of any length. Code should be unique. Code can be a set of alpha numeric character without space.2. To add a code: Goto the last row and add new code by entering the code and properties.AUTOPLOTTER 10. e. A Tree is a feature which are usually not joined together So they can be set with a point type of Point . A window will be displayed as shown in figure 10-1 Figure 10-1: Library View The first column for code shows the current codes which have been already added in the library. you can choose Library from the Config menu. closed line or a closed traverse. The information gets automatically stored when you close the library view. To edit a code: You can edit the previously defined code. This field is used for your reference only. Line: When survey nodes are joined to corresponding survey code with object ID as the reference. i. Comment: You can enter any description for your code here. 10. To delete a code: Go to the row which you want to delete. In fig 10-1 BASELINE is code used to identify base line for survey.g. line.2 Configuring Library 10.e it should not be repeated if it already exists in the library. Goto the row you want to edit and change the values. BASELINE etc.0 Working with survey data To start configuring Library.2.3 Library Parameters Code: Code is required to identify the type of survey feature. we have considered two edges of road for which the survey is being 10-2 ICS . The other columns show the different parameters and properties of the code. The Bu1-1 Bu1-2 Code specified is Bu and the first building is given an object ID of 1 and the 2nd building is given object ID of 2. In such case the type can be defined as closed traverse. then it can be defined as a Closed Line type. After the object ID. The total String will have 3 parts : Code. i. the traverse is closed to the first point. When the data is processed in AutoPlotter. The Type has Bu1-6 Bu1-4 Bu1-3 Bu1-5 Bu2-2 been as closed line.g If the description for a survey point is given as BL01P1 where BL is a Code. you should checkmark this point ICS 10-3 . The first survey point and the last survey point is same. The code given is ROAD and type is specified as Line. 01 will be the object ID & the non numeric P1 will be the description for the point. after processing. then while importing the data. it will be automatically grouped separately & output will be as in figure 10-2 Closed Line: When the first point of an entity is supposed to automatically close to the last point of the same entity. Line between Bu2-1 Bu1-6 to Bu1-1 is automatically created. Though due to error accrued during the survey process they are not the same. Hence. E. So a closed traverse correction needs to be done to correct the closing error.e. If you want AutoPlotter to consider the text following the object ID.0 Working with survey data ROAD1 ROAD2 ROAD1 ROAD2 ROAD2 ROAD1 ROAD1 Figure 10-2: Line connectivity example conducted. point number has been given as description. For the first road edge object ID is specified as 1 & for the second it is specified as 2. Object ID & Description. Described : The checkmark Described is used to tell AutoPlotter whether the points for specified code has a description attached to it. Later a closed traverse correction can be done. Description can be entered after the Object ID. See the figure below for illustration In figure 10-3 there are two buildings being surveyed.AUTOPLOTTER ROAD2 10. Similarly the line between Bu2-6 to Bu2-1 is automatically created after processing in Autoplotter Bu2-6 Bu2-5 Bu2-3 Bu2-4 Figure 10-3: Close Line example LINE AUTOMATICALLY JOINED TO CLOSE Closed Traverse: When the survey is carried out for closed traverse. Press the Ok button. 2. Line Type : You can specify different line types for survey feature code for which the type has been selected as line. 4. Symbol files are APD (AutoPlotter Drawing) files which can be created by the user in AutoPlotter and saving it by choosing Save Drawing File in File menu. 4. enter the scale factor here. Symbol : If the node for the designated Code is to be shown with a symbol. 3. goto the cell for Line Type and select the line type from the drop down list. 2. then you need to specify it. Color number ranges from 1 to 255 with 1 being red and so on. 5. Select the color cell. The selection window will close & the symbol file name will be displayed in the cell. Select the cell for symbol. the data will have points belonging to traverse whose elevation will not be relevant to the ground points. 5. A color dialogue box appears. Enter the color number. Select the color cell. Scale : If a symbol has been selected. Choose the color. then you can attach additional description information to the node by selecting this option. closed line or closed traverse. In such case. The color dialogue closes & the color number will be displayed for the color cell and the cell reflects the color selection.AUTOPLOTTER 10. Such points can be eliminated by deselecting the DTM option. This option is particularly necessary to be used when traverse survey and level survey has been conducted simultaneously. Alternatively 1. Press Open button. ELECTRIC POLE etc. You may require symbol to be displayed for TREE. Press the button in color cell. 10-4 ICS . To specify a line type. the scale can be specified in the cell for Scale. Colors: Different colors can be specified for the survey code. DTM : Some points of particular code may not be required during the calculation of 3D surface and for calculations of contours and TIN mesh. If the symbol is required to be scaled to suite your current project. By default the symbol file will be inserted in the drawing in the same size as it was drawn in the original APD drawing. Press the button in the cell. To specify the color for the current code: 1. A window will appear asking you to select the symbol file.0 Working with survey data Use Point Number for Description : This option is useful to have the point number taken automatically as description for the point. 3. To do so follow the steps: 1. 2. So the user has to checkmark only those codes for which the elevation belongs to actual surface. When you have not checkmarked Described option. Text Size : Enter the text height at which the description will be drawn in the drawing. After selecting the symbol file. select the serial port in which your device is connected from the drop down list. Data bits: List will display 5 options: 4. This is useful for different kinds of project where the settings are different for each kind. Figure 10-4: Communication Parameters 3.1 Configuring Communication Parameters Communication AutoPlotter must parameters be same for as the of communication instrument/data proper parameters collector.2. 3. If you want to change the layer name then enter the cell for Layers.0 Working with survey data Layers: Layer are useful for better management of plan. 6. Choose Communication from Config menu. Enter the name for the library configuration file in which you want to save. A File open dialogue appears.3. A window appears as shown in figure. 10. Survey codes are assigned separate layers by default and the layer name is same as that of survey code. In Serial port. Extension of a Library configuration file will be CFG. A file save dialogue appears. On the Library window. 2. right-click and select Load Library. Select the library file you want to load. 10. occur the the for communication the will not and To between computer collector. 3. ICS 10-5 . Parity: Parity options displays 6 options: Even. Otherwise. Mark.5. 4. 5. Press Open.6. 2. parameter 1. Baud rate: The list displays the baud rate supported.AUTOPLOTTER 10. Instrument/data set communication AutoPlotter. None. Odd & Space. On the Library window. To Load the Library 1.7 and 8. 10. Extension of a Library configuration file will be CFG. The saved Library can be later loaded to the current project thus saving enormous amount of time and maintaining drawing standards. to close the File open dialogue and load the library configuration file into the current AutoPlotter session. To Save the Library 1. to close the Save dialogue and save the library configuration file.4 Saving & Loading Library You can save your entire library with all the settings and code. Select the one that is set in instrument. right-click and select Save Library. Press Save. 2.3 Downloading Survey Data AutoPlotter has the facility to communicate with modern survey instrument/data collector for downloading and uploading of data. AUTOPLOTTER 7. Stop Bit: List will display 3 options : 1, 1.5 & 2 10.0 Working with survey data 8. Flow Control: List will display 4 options: None, Hardware, XON/XOFF and Both. 9. TimeOut: This is maximum time that the computer should wait before terminating the transfer. By default it will be set to 5 seconds. If the Instrument/Data Collector is slow in sending, the value can be increased. 10. After setting different parameters, Press Ok button to close the Communication Parameters window and set the communication parameters . 10.3.2 Downloading Data 1. Choose Download from the Data menu. 2. A File Save Dialogue will appear. Enter the name of the file along with file extension where you want to store the downloaded data. 3. Press Save button. This will close the Save Dialogue and display the Download screen (fig. 10-5). 4. Press Start button. Download screen will show the file name you had specified earlier (Step 1,2) and the folder name. It will also display the communication parameters such as port, settings etc. If there was an error that will , also be displayed. If there is no error, you are ready to receive the data. 5. Start sending the data from the instrument. The data will be received in AutoPlotter and the status will change showing the number of bytes and lines received from instrument. 6. Once the transfer completes, Press Finish Figure 10-5: Download Screen button. 7. Press Close button to close the window. 10.3.3 Uploading Data 1. Choose Upload from the Data menu. 2. Upload screen will appear as shown. To load data from a CSV file: A. Press Open File to Upload button. B. A file open dialogue will appear. Select the CSV file to be loaded in upload screen. C. Press Open to open the CSV file. The data will be reflected in the upload table. Figure 10-6: Upload Screen 10-6 ICS AUTOPLOTTER Entering data to be uploaded 10.0 Working with survey data A. You can directly enter the northing, easting and elevation data in the cells. B. You can also paste the data by using right-click and choosing Paste from the popup menu. 3. Instrument Type: You need to select the type of instrument on which you are uploading. There are 2 choices, To any Total Station and to Horizon make total station. Uploading is different in Horizon make total station, so you need to specify exclusively. 4. Make sure your total station is kept under receiving mode i.e. ready for uploading. 5. Press the upload button. Total Stations screen will display the status. 6. Once uploading finishes, status will be displayed in Total Station. Close the upload window in AutoPlotter. 10.4 Importing Data To display the survey data collected from field in AutoPlotter, the survey data needs to be imported. Data files are those files which contain the survey information. AutoPlotter supports different types of data files. Once the data is imported into AutoPlotter, the data is converted in XYZ format. Traverse data collected from site can be in any of the four broadly classified forms 1. Collected using modern instruments such as Total Station or GPS. 2. Available in ASCII format 3. Collected using conventional instruments such as theodolite, tacheometer, compass, level etc. 4. Available in graphical format like AutoCAD TM Drawing format (DWG), ArcInfoTM shape files, DXF etc. Different form of data is treated differently while importing in AutoPlotter’s project. 10.4.1 Importing data collected using modern instruments Geodimeter/Trimble: Downloaded data from the Geodimeter/Trimble instruments are commonly available in the *.raw, *.job, *.obs, and *.xyz formats. Download the data in any of the above mentioned format in your computer. Select the Geodimeter files option from the Data menu->Import Native. A file open dialogue will appear prompting you to select the file to be imported. Specify the file that you have downloaded. In the file type list select the type i.e whether job, obs or xyz file. For raw files set the file type as job. You can select multiple files using the shift button & clicking on each file to be imported. Once you have selected all the files, Click Open to start importing the file to the current project. After the data is imported, it will be displayed on the plan screen immediately. Leica: Downloaded data from the Leica instruments are commonly available in the *.GSI , *.IDX and *.3 formats. Download the data in any of the above formats. GSI has two internal formats, GSI 8 and GSI 16. Choose Leica from Data->Import Native menu. A file open dialogue will appear prompting you to select the file to be imported. You can select multiple files using the shift button & clicking on each file to be imported. In the file type list select the type i.e whether IDX, GSI 8 file or GSI 16 file (GSI). Click Open to start importing the file to the current project. For the GSI format file, the northing, easting, and elevation should be available in the data code block for which is 81, 82 and 83 respectively. To import the files of .3 format, you can use the space delimited option (ref. 10.3.4) ICS 10-7 AUTOPLOTTER 10.0 Working with survey data Sokkia: Downloaded data from the Sokkia instruments are commonly available in the *.SDR formats. Download the data as SDR33 or SDR20 file in your computer. Choose Sokkia from the Data->Import Native menu. A file open dialogue will appear prompting you to select the file to be imported. Specify the file that you have downloaded. In the file type list select the type i.e whether SDR33 or SDR20 file. You can select multiple files using the shift button & clicking on each file to be imported. Click Open to start importing the file to the current project. After the data is imported, it will be displayed on the plan screen immediately. Pentax: Downloaded data from the Pentax instruments are commonly available in the ASCII format & there is no proprietary data type. The file are comma delimited files. The downloaded ASC file should have the minimum information for Northing, Easting & Elevation. Refer 10.3.2 for details. Horizon: Downloaded data from the Horizon instruments are commonly available in RAW format (*.RAW) formats. Data has measurement file’s information. To Import the horizon file, follow these steps:1. Choose Horizon from Data->Native. 2. A File Open dialogue will prompt you to open the horizon. 3. Select the file and Press Ok button. 4. AutoPlotter window will change displaying the raw data. Figure 10-7: Horizon Raw Data The data consists of point number slope distance, horizontal angle, vertical angle, staff height, northing, , easting , elevation and description. In case, northing, easting and elevation is there for a line, the horizontal angle, vertical angle, slope distance and staff height may not be there and vice-versa. When the data is shown is AutoPlotter, the survey points which has Northing, Easting and Elevation is considered automatically to be of benchmark (BM) type. For the survey points which has horizontal angle, vertical angle, staff height, slope distance, the type is considered automatically as staff station (SS). These can be changed from the Type cell if required. If the data is available only for staff station then the coordinates needs to be calculated so that it can be used in AutoPlotter. To calculate the coordinates based on single benchmark reference, follow there steps:- 10-8 ICS Backsight and Station rows are defined. Enter Station’s point number instrument height and description (optional). (In Fig. Enter the Point Number for the benchmark (should be unique) and then enter the Northing.AUTOPLOTTER 10. Enter the backsight point’s number. Elevation as 100 & Description as “BM” 2. Once your Benchmark. Follow the steps shown for Horizon to import the data file. . Topcon: Topcon instruments data file comes in raw format. Insert a Row above the first row. Right-click and choose Insert Row above from popup menu. If backsight reading is available. ICS 10-9 . Create a station point by first inserting a row after backsight row and then selecting STN for Type. make sure the Type is BS. Enter the horizontal angle. Easting & Elevation for the benchmark along with description (optional). Figure 10-8: Horizon raw data showing two bench marks as reference If you want to establish station based on 3 reference benchmark. 4. then repeat step 1 & 2 two times before establishing station (3). 10-7 “Bm1”).0 Working with survey data 1. then repeat step 1 & 2 and before establishing station (3). 5. 10-7 the point number is entered as “Bm1”. Check if your data contains backsight reading. the data gets imported to the AutoPlotter Project. Choose Topcon from Data->Import Native menu. For backsight reference. Easting as 1000. with Northing as 1000. Processing and importing of data in Autoplotter is similar to horizon instrument. slope distance and prism height for the back sight observation. 3. If you want to establish station based on 2 reference benchmark. When the raw data window closes. Select the Type as BM. vertical angle. select the benchmark point to which backsight has been taken. In case there is no backsight reading then Insert a row above the below the Bench Mark row and select the Type as BS. In Fig. Press Calculate to calculate the coordinates for the points as well as rest of the points. Station height.3 Traditional Instruments Using optical instruments. Theodolite data will have information for Bench mark’s coordinates.AUTOPLOTTER 10.3. e. 1. That means the survey is started without giving much consideration to the direction. but a improvised one will have facility to collect vertical angle(VA) as well. Figure 10-10: Theodolite Data 10-10 ICS .g. easting and elevation as 2. The line from the first instrument station to the bench mark is set as zero. Back sight data (HA.0 Working with survey data The ASCII type files like CSV (comma separated value)file. If your file does not have point number and reference code then give it any arbitrary number. and survey is continued. Once the instrument is moved to the next station. 10. Y and Z data having field nos. Staff station data as well as foresight data. If file contains only X. the previous station is sighted. Select Data->Ascii Import and choose the option which matches your file type. Using a theodolite. and tab delimited file having XYZ data can be directly added to the project. 10. tacheometer. Once you select the file. distomat +electronic theodolite: The survey can be carried out considering the zero angle directed towards north and for each subsequent stations.3 respectively then enter the field nos for northing.2 Importing Ascii files 10.4. Horizontal Distance). a file open dialogue will be displayed as shown in fig 10-9. Method of survey varies for the same kind of instrument.3. For the other fields like point number Figure 10-9: Field number selection and reference code enter 4 and 5. survey data collected varies from instrument to instrument.2. Change the default field nos if necessary and then click Import. 1.1 Theodolite A traditional theodolite will collect horizontal angle (HA) only. VA. and the line of sight is made zero.3. the horizontal angle is set to north first. 3 respectively. Another popular method is to consider zero horizontal line to the previous instrument station. You can view theodolite screen by choosing Theodolite from Data->Import conventional menu. Elevation & Description(Optional) in the respective cell. How to enter Initial station setup data ? 1. How to enter data for theodolite survey where HA is considered from previous station? Select Angle from previous station in Method. back sight data need not be entered. staff station (SS). Enter the instrument station details. Select Type as STN. Select Type as STN. 2. since it is understood that the backsight is to the previous station and the horizontal angle is set to zero. Initial station setup remains the same as the Angle from north method except that reference angle does not reflect north direction. Staff reading & Description (optional). follow the process explained for initial station setup. Enter point number for station and in SS/IH enter instrument height. Enter Description for station point(optional). When the instrument is shifted to a new station. ICS 10-11 . Select Type as BS. Enter the point number for the new station in BS Ref. In the next line. Figure 10-10 shows station setup with 3 known points. Select Type as BS.0 Working with survey data Initial station setup can be done based on 1 known benchmark. In the next line. Staff reading & Description (optional). Enter Point Number. enter the backsight information. Repeat the same process to enter for staff stations. Horizontal & Vertical Angle. Repeat the same steps if you have more than one benchmark for reference. Horizontal & Vertical Angle. enter staff station details. back sight reference i. back sight reference i. 4. Enter horizontal distance. Once the instrument needs to be shifted a foresight is observed to new instrument station point.AUTOPLOTTER 10. You don't have to enter staff height/instrument height. Also enter horziontal distance.e the benchmark’s point number to which backsight has been observed. Enter Point Number. Select Type as BM. enter the backsight information. Easting. 2 known benchmarks or 3 known benchmarks. 3. Enter Point Number. 2. 2. Horizontal & Vertical Angle. How to calculate coordinates? Press Calculate button and the coordinates will be calculated for station point. In case. Also enter horizontal distance. select Type as FS. Enter the benchmark information. vertical angle and elevation. 3. How to enter another station detail? If the next station has been setup using a benchmark.e the previous station’s point number from which foresight had been observed to new station. How to enter staff station details and foresight details? 1. a foresight has been observed from any of the previous station for the new station and same reference is used:1. Enter the instrument station details. Enter Point Number. After the station has been defined. Staff reading & Description (optional). Select Type as BS. To Enter foresight details. Enter Description for station point(optional). Rest of the entry is same as for staff station. Enter point number for station and in SS/IH enter instrument height. and foresight point (FS). Some columns will hide since elevation information is not required. How to enter data for survey without elevation? Remove the checkmark for Elevation survey. Northing. Rest of the entry remains the same as in other method explained above. Easting. a foresight has been observed from any of the previous station for the new station and same reference is used:1. Northing. Back sight data (HA. enter staff station details. Select Type as BS. How to enter another station detail? If the next station has been setup using a benchmark. Enter the point number for the new station in BS Ref.4. Select Type as BS. 3. 2. Enter Point Number. 2 known benchmarks or 3 known benchmarks. Horizontal & Vertical Angle & Description (optional). Enter the benchmark information. 4. Enter the instrument station details. enter the backsight information. VA. Enter Point Number. Once the instrument needs to be shifted a foresight is observed to new instrument station point. In the next line. back sight 10-12 ICS . In case. Repeat the same steps if you have more than one benchmark for reference. In the next line. You can view tacheometer screen by choosing Tacheometer from Data->Import conventional menu. stadia readings (top. back sight reference i. vertical angle(VA) and stadia readings. Enter Description for station point(optional). After the station has been defined. Staff station data as well as foresight data. enter the backsight information. How to enter staff station details and foresight details? 1. Also enter stadia reading (top hair middle hair & bottom hair). Station height.e the benchmark’s point number to which backsight has been observed. Figure 10-11 shows station setup with 1 known point. Stadia readings). Repeat the same process to enter more staff stations. Enter point number for station and in SS/IH enter instrument height in Middle. Enter Point Number.0 Working with survey data A tacheometer collects horizontal angle (HA).2 Tacheometer 10. follow the process explained for initial station setup. select Type as FS.AUTOPLOTTER 10. 3. Horizontal & Vertical Angle & Description (optional). To Enter foresight details. Rest of the entry is same as for staff station. Figure 10-11: T acheometric Data Initial station setup can be done based on 1 known benchmark. Select Type as STN. Enter Point Number. . Select Type as BM. middle and bottom hair).3. Elevation & Description(Optional) in the respective cell. How to enter Initial station setup data ? 1. Select Type as BS. Tacheometer data will have information for Bench mark’s coordinates. 2. ICS 10-13 . VA. since it is understood that the backsight is to the previous station and the horizontal angle is set to zero. Staff station data as well as foresight data. Select Type as STN. How to calculate coordinates? Before you can calculate coordinates you need to specify the Additive constant and the Multiplication constant for the tacheometer Bye default the additive constant is 0 and multiplicative constant is 100. 2 known benchmarks or 3 known benchmarks. When the instrument is shifted to a new station. and foresight point (FS). Rest of the entry remains the same as in other method explained above. You can view tacheometer screen by choosing Distomat+ET from Data->Import conventional menu. Elevation column will hide since elevation information is not required. Press Calculate button and the coordinates will be calculated for station point. The process of entry is same as for theodolite survey. back sight data need not be entered. . Enter the instrument station details. 10. Back sight data (HA. Slope Distance). Figure 10-12: Distomat + Electronic Theodolite Data Initial station setup can be done based on 1 known benchmark. Also enter stadia readings.3. Check your tacheometer’s specification manual and change the values if required. Initial station setup remains the same as the Angle from north method except that reference angle does not reflect north direction.0 Working with survey data reference i.3 Distomat + Electronic Theodolite Distomat with Electronic Theodolite attachment has information for Bench mark’s coordinates. 2. Figure 10-12 shows station setup with 1 known point.e the previous station’s point number from which foresight had been observed to new station.4. staff station (SS). Station height.AUTOPLOTTER 10. Only difference in data is. in Distomat+Electronic Theodolite the slope distance is collected instead of horizontal distance. Enter Description for station point(optional). Horizontal & Vertical Angle & Description (optional). How to enter data for survey without elevation? Remove the checkmark for Elevation survey. Enter point number for station and in Middle column enter instrument height. How to enter data for tacheometer survey where HA is considered from previous station? Select Angle from previous station in Method. 4 Level 10.3.0 Working with survey data Level data consists of benchmark elevation. Repeat the same process to enter more SS data.AUTOPLOTTER 10. repeat step 1 & 2 If you are using a foresight as reference. select Foresight’s point number. repeat step 2 and in backsight reference. If your grid is aligned differently . 4. . if you are using benchmark as reference. staff reading. 2. 10-14 ICS . and description (optional) To setup another station. 10-13 45 degrees is entered) If the origin point of grid is not the same as te coordinate of grid then enter the Origin X and Origin Y coordinate and also the Grid X and Grid Y coordinate (In fig. Enter the Point number and the reduced level for benchmark. The calculation for coordinates is automatically done as you enter the data.4.1000 and Grid X & Grid Y is 0. 1. X & Y coordinate of grid. Select the Type as BM (Benchmark). select Type as SS (Side shot).then enter the bearing for the baseline (in fig. and staff reading and description (optional). In the next row. backsight staff reading and staff readings of other grid points. 10-13 Origin X & Y are 1000. Enter the point number. 3. then select Type as FS (Foresight station). Enter the point number of point number X & Y coordinate of grid. In case you want to shift your level to another location and want a backsight reference. Enter the staff reading for backsight. Figure 10-13: Level Data To enter level data. choose Level from Data->Conventional Instrument menu.0) The grid’s northing and easting will get shifted to the new origin. In the next row. select Type as BS (Backsight) and select the back sight reference in BS Ref. 10.4. ICS 10-15 . You will be asked whether you want to add the drawing to the current project. 4. Choose APD to project from the Data menu. A file dialogue prompts you to select the file to open. The file will be displayed on the screen. The shape file will be displayed on the drawing screen. Method I 1. Choose Arcview Shape Files from the Draw menu. Select the DWG file or DXF file to be added to current project. A file dialogue prompts you to select the file to open. Press the Open button. Select the shape file you want to import. The file will be displayed on the drawing screen. Press Yes button. Choose APD to project from the Data menu. or an AutoCADTM drawing file or a DXF (Data eXchange format) file.3 ArcInfoTM shape file 1.0 Working with survey data Graphical data can be from an existing drawing created by AutoPlotter in APD format. Select the APD file to be added to current project. Explode the inserted drawing. This will automatically add the data to the survey data Method II 1.3. The data will be added to survey data and status will show the number of points converted. 2. 4.4 Graphical Data 10.4. 4. Choose APD to project from the Data menu. 3. Press the Open button. 10. The data will be added to survey data and status will show the number of points converted. A file dialogue will prompt you to select the shape file to open. Choose Open Drawing file from the File menu. Choose Open Drawing file from the File menu. Press Open button.AUTOPLOTTER 10.4. 3. Press Yes button.2 AutoCADTM Drawing file (DWG) & DXF file 1.4. The data will be added to survey data and status will show the number of points converted. Insert the drawing using the insert command 2. You will be asked whether you want to add the drawing to the current project. 2.4. 3.4.1 AutoPlotter Drawing file (APD) There are two ways in which a previous AutoPlotter drawing file can be imported in the current project. 2. 10. it will be taken as “UNNAMED”. The column displayed are as follows:Ref. Then 10-16 ICS . Adding new Data: Goto the last row and enter the data. Northing will always be a numerical value Elevation: This column displays the elevation or the Z coordinate of the point/node. Object number can be common to more than one point. Survey Data screen will be displayed as shown in Figure 10-14 Figure 10-14: Survey Data View The Current DTM is shown in the initial screen. choose Delete Row to delete the current row.0 Working with survey data The survey data imported from different sources can viewed and edited in AutoPlotter’s View screen.5 Viewing and editing of the survey data 10. If no object number is specified. Code: The reference code displays the survey code that is specified. Object No: Object Number also discussed as entity number is the number for the current code. Deleting Data: Once you right-click the popup menu appears. If no code has been specified in original survey data. This field can be empty as well Editing Data: You need to change the data in the cells and then Press the Update Entities button once you have finished editing all the data. In case you want to delete more than one row. Point number can also be an alphanumeric value. Northing will always be a numerical value Description: This column displays the description for the point/node if specified. That decides whether to group the data together in case the code type has been defined as line in library. select the cells using shift button and arrow keys. Choose Survey Data from View menu. Northing: This column displays the northing or the Y coordinate of the point/node. Can be blank if nothing is specified. To know more about DTM’s please refer the chapter on Contours. Object Number will be numeric integer value and will not be empty.AUTOPLOTTER 10. Press the Update Entities button once you have finished with adding the data and want to save. Northing will always be a numerical value Easting: This column displays the easting or the X coordinate of the point/node. it will be automatically taken as 1 Point No: Point number is the number given in survey data for identification. Press the Replace button again. 3. 3. 5. Select the column in which you want to search the text from Search In list. 6. To zoom to a particular point/entity:1. 4. Press the Replace button. Right-click and select Zoom to selection from the popup menu. The status will display number of replacement. If you want to continue searching for the same text ahead. Changing Current DTM: To view other DTM’s point. Press the Update Entities button once you are finished. In case you want to Replace all occurrence of the search in one go. If you want to search in all the columns. You can return to the survey view by using Ctrl+Tab key. Enter the string/text you are searching in Find What. 2. Press Escape Key and then press Ctrl + Tab key. then select All from the list. 2. 7. If you want to search in all the columns. Status will display the find results. Now press Ctrl+Tab key to shift from survey data view to other view. 2. Enter the string/text you are searching in Find What. Press the Find Next button again. Zoom to Selection: You can zoom to any part of the plan from the survey data view to have a closer look at the point. Find & Replace: Once you right-click the popup menu appears. How to Replace value? 1. Checkmark Match Case option if your search is case sensitive. then select All from the list. In case Ctrl+Tab key does not change the display. A window will be displayed as shown in figure 10-15 How to Find a value? 1. Select the column in which you want to search the text from Search In list. Figure 10-15: Find & Replace Window 4. If you want to continue searching and replacing for the same text.AUTOPLOTTER 10. press the Replace All button. Continue till you are done. Checkmark Match Case option if your search is case sensitive. Press the Find Next button. Enter the string you want your find text to replaced to in Replace With.0 Working with survey data right-click and choose Clear from the popup menu. select the Current View from the drop down list. Once the drawing view is displayed. you will notice that the point/entity that you had selected in survey data is zoomed is blinking. Checkmark Find Whole words Only if you want to search the complete cell for the search text. Choose Find & Replace from the popup menu. Status will display the replace status. Continue till you are done. Checkmark Find Whole words Only if you want to search the complete cell for the search text. ICS 10-17 . first Press Alt +F key to get focus in Main window. 5. 0 Working with survey data 10-18 ICS .AUTOPLOTTER 10. 2 DISTANCE 11.CHAPTER 11 COGO 11.1 INTRODUCTION 11.3 ANGLE AND INTERSECTION 11.4 TRIANGLE SOLUTIONS . . or press the >> button and pick the coordinate from drawing screen. 2. 3. It also includes point adjustments required to correct errors in the survey or for benchmark reference change. 11-1. A window will appear as shown in fig. Enter the coordinates for 3 points of the triangle or pick the coordinates from drawing screen by pressing >> button. Choose Angle Calculation from the COGO menu. The Internal and external angles will be immediately displayed.points) ICS 11-1 .0 COGO 11.1 Angle Calculation 1. 11. Enter the values for coordinates.3 Angle and Intersection 11. 3. Choose Distance from the COGO menu. Figure 11-1: Distance Calculation 11. The distance in 3D between two point is calculated and displayed immediately.1 Introduction COGO calculations include day to day survey calculation which are very useful for users of optical instruments. A window will be displayed as shown in figure 11-2. Figure 11-2: Angle calculation (3.3. 2.0 COGO 11.2 Distance 1.AUTOPLOTTER 11. AUTOPLOTTER 11. Figure 11-3: Angle Calculation(4-Points) 11. or choose the points from the drawing screen by pressing the >> button. Enter the coordinates for 2 lines.The internal and external angles between the lines are calculated immediately. 3.0 COGO 1. A window will be displayed as in fig. 11-4.1 For 3 Sides Choose Side/Side/Side from COGO->Triangle Solutions menu. If they intersect you will get the intersection point’s coordinate.4. You can also know whether lines intersect. A window will be displayed as shown in figure 11-3.2 Angle Calculation (Line) 11. Choose Angle Calculation(Line) from the COGO menu.4 Triangle Solutions 11.3. Enter the length of three sides to get the angles Figure11-4: Side/Side/Side 11-2 ICS . 2. Enter the 2 angles and one side length to get the other parameters of triangle.4.2 For Side-Angle-Side Choose Side-Angle-Side from the COGO ->Triangle Solutions menu.0 COGO Figure 11-5: Side/Angle/Side 11.4 For Angle-Angle-Side Goto COGO ->Triangle Solutions >Angle-Angle-Side.4. Enter the length of two sides and the internal angle to get the length and angles for the triangle. A window will be displayed as shown in figure 11-6. A window will be displayed as in fig. A window will be displayed as shown in figure 11-5. 11-7. Enter the 2 angles and one side length to get the other parameters of triangle Figure 11-7: Angle/Angle/Side ICS 11-3 . 11. Figure 11-6: Angle/Side/Angle 11.AUTOPLOTTER 11.3 For Angle-Side-Angle Choose Angle-Side-Angle from the COGO ->Triangle Solutions menu.4. Figure 11-9: 3 Ponts 11-4 ICS .AUTOPLOTTER 11.0 COGO Goto COGO ->Triangle Solutions ->Side-Side-Angle. Enter the coordinates of three points to get all the parameters of triangle.4. 8-8.6 For Three Points Goto COGO ->Triangle Solutions ->3 points.4. A window will be displayed as in fig. A window will be displayed as in fig.5 For Side-Side-Angle 11. 11-9. Enter the 2 sides length and one angle to get the other parameters of triangle Figure 11-8: Side/Side/Angle 11. 2. Enter distances from a particular Station point to current referenc point.11-10. 4.AUTOPLOTTER 11. Enter the angles subtended by the reference points at the station point. A window will be displayed as in fig. 2.5 Three Points (Distances) 11. Choose Three Points (Distances) from the COGO menu. The Station Point’s co-ordinates is immediately calculated along with the sides of the triangle made by the three reference points and also the angles subtended by them at the Station Point (refer fig. Enter 3 reference points’ co-ordinates or pick from the drawing screen using the >> button. 3.11-11). Choose Three Points (Angles) from the COGO menu.6 Three Points (Angles) 1.0 COGO 1. Station point co-ordinates will be calculated and reference points(refer fig. Enter 3 reference points’ co-ordinates or pick using >> button. the sides of the triangle made by the three Figure 11-11: Three Points (Angles) ICS 11-5 .1110). 4. A window will be displayed as in fig. Figure 11-10: Three Points (Distances) 11. 3.11-11. 3. Figure 11-12: Two Points and two Angles 11. Choose Two Points and two Angles from COGO menu. Figure 11-13: Distance Conversion 11-6 ICS .8 Conversions 11.0 COGO 1. Enter the angles subtended by the two points at the station point. Enter the distance and select the from unit and to unit from the lists to get the converted values. A window will be displayed as in fig. A window as shown in fig. 11-13 will appear. Enter two points’ co-ordinates or pick from drawing screen by pressing >> button. The station point co-ordinates and the sides of the triangle will be calculated automatically.1 Distance Conversions Goto COGO ->Conversions ->Distance Conversions.7 Two Points and two Angles 11.11-12.AUTOPLOTTER 11.8. 2. 4. Figure 11-14: Area Conversion 11. 11-15 will appear.3 Angle Conversions Goto COGO ->Conversions ->Angle Conversions. dd/mm/ss or radians to get the converted values. A window as shown in fig. 11-14 will appear. Enter the area and select the from unit and to unit from the lists to get the converted value. Enter the angle in either degree.8.AUTOPLOTTER 11.0 COGO Goto COGO ->Conversions ->Area Conversions.2 Area Conversions 11. A window as shown in fig. Figure 11-15: Angle Conversion ICS 11-7 .8. Figure 11-16: V olume Conversion 11-8 ICS . Enter the Volume and select the from unit and to unit from the lists to get the converted value.4 Volume Conversions 11.AUTOPLOTTER 11.0 COGO Goto COGO ->Conversions ->Volume Conversions. A window as shown in fig.8. 11-16 will appear. 4 Exporting Survey Data 12.1 Preparing your plotter 12.CHAPTER 12 PLOTTING AND EXPORTING 12.5 Exporting Drawing Data .3 Print Preview 12.2 Plotting your drawing 12. . make sure your plotter or printer is ready. If you are using a pen plotter check the pens. choose Print or. Check the paper.1 Preparing Your Plotter Before you plot. if you have configured more than one plotter/printer. press Change button.0 Plotting and Exporting After you've created your drawing with AutoPlotter.2 Plotting your drawing The following procedure describes how to plot quickly once you've configured your plotter/printer. In the Print dialog box. from the Standard toolbar. Changes made in the Plot dialog box are saved as new default plotter settings only if a successful plot is completed using the new settings. choose . Command Line: PRINT 2. Depending on your needs.0 Plotting and Exporting 12. For each drawing. Check to see whether it is turned on and properly connected to your computer. From the File menu. 1. A new window for Printer Configuration will be displayed as shown in figure 12-2 Figure 12-1: Print Window ICS 12-1 . What size is loaded? Is it properly aligned? 12. you can use the drawing editor to set up the view you want to plot. properly in the pen holder? What pen width and color corresponds to each pen number? Run a self-test to see whether any of the pens are clogged or skipping. AutoPlotter does not store plotter configuration information in the drawing files.AUTOPLOTTER 12. 12. you usually plot it on paper. You can define the settings for the desired output by selecting an existing plotter configuration as a starting point modifying plotter settings in the Plot dialog box. Are they seated . you can set options that determine what is plotted and how the image fits on the paper . 4. Specify which print area you want to plot. Specify the Print Scale. There is an option to 12-2 ICS .AUTOPLOTTER 12.0 Plotting and Exporting Figure 12-2: Print Setup Window Select the appropriate name of plotter/printer from the list next to name. you can specify the X and Y offset to position your plot properly. paper source and the orientation of paper (portrait/Landscape). A new window will display the printer properties. 3. Display will plot the current view on your drawing screen Paper will plot the complete paper which is current. Details of plotter/printer configuration is out of scope of this manual. If you want to specify your own scale. Press the properties button. 5. (Papers for LS and CS are automatically added when the LS or CS is generated) In case you select the window option. then the scale will be automatically taken based on paper size and print area. remove the checkmark from Scale to Fit and enter the scale in space provided. Press Ok button when done. Once you have specified the print rectangle.Enter the number of copies required in the space provided. If you need to change properties of the plotter/printer. Extent will plot the complete drawings extent. You will return to the main Print window. Once you press the <Pick button. If Scale to fit is checkmarked. 7. print window will minimize and you need to specify the rectangle corners for your print area on the drawing screen. In print offset. If you want all the colors to be plotted in black color then checkmark the option: Force all colors to black 6. Please refer technical details and manuals for your printer/plotter for more information on different settings and configuration. you need to click the <Pick button. You can set the paper size. the print window will be re-displayed. Paper option will be available only when paper is added in the drawing. Paper size and print scale. Device name. 8. Stamp: If you want to specify any stamp in the printed sheet. Once this option is selected the X and Y offset will be taken automatically and the plot will appear in the center of the paper .) Select the stamp fields required to be displayed. Right Top etc. Press Ok button to print. Press Ok when done. You will return to the Print window again. Select the position for the stamp from the drop down list for Position. You can also display user defined field which can be entered in the space provided. You can display Drawing name. press the Stamp button. Enter the font height in which the stamp should appear. A window will be displayed as shown in figure 12-3 Figure 12-3: Print Stamp Window Checkmark On to make the stamp print. 12. 12. Choose Print Preview from the File menu or from standard toolbar choose or in Print window (Fig.AUTOPLOTTER 12. Center Top. press Preview button ICS 12-3 . Date and Time.0 Plotting and Exporting center the plot as well.(Left Top.1).3 Print Preview You can see how your plot will look using the print preview option. 8. To see print preview. AUTOPLOTTER 12. From the File menu. You will be prompted to specify the name to save. Use the middle button for zoom & pan.0 Plotting and Exporting On selecting print preview mode. Press Save to the specified file type. your drawing display will change to show the preview of plot in paper . 12. Right click and choose Print to print the current preview..5 Exporting Drawing Data Drawing plotted in your AutoPlotter can be exported to DWG and DXF formats. choose the file type from Data->Export menu. Specify the file name and press Save. 12.. choose Save Drawing File As. 12-4 ICS . Enter the file name and select the file type.4 Exporting Survey Data Survey data in your AutoPlotter project can be exported to other formats like: CSV (comma separated value) file Text (tab delimited) file SDR (Sokkia instrument specific) file GSI (Leica instrument specific) file To export to any of the above format. 10 terrain volume 13.13 PROFILE ON CONTOUR .8 ADD POINTS 13.12 Longitudinal Profile and Volume 13.4 CONTOUR DEFINITION 13.9 DTM 13.CHAPTER 13 DTM AND CONTOUR 13.3 DTM FILTERS 13.5 CREATE CONTOURS 13.11 cross section and area 13.2 VIEWING AND EDITING IMPORTED DATA 13.7 EXPORT TO GRID 13.6 REMOTE ELEVATION 13.1 IMPORTING DATA 13. . If the survey was done using a total station then you can directly import the files into your project using the Import Native option in the Data menu.4 to know more about adding drawing data to the surveyed data.1 for getting a better idea of Importing Total station files. Once the data from the drawing is added to the surveyed data in AutoPlotter you can carry out any process like Contouring or building sections and volume calculations etc. 13.3 Graphical Data Drawing files can also be read by AutoPlotter when they are imported into it.3 DTM Filters DTM filter can be used when contours are required between two user . 13. Method of survey varies for the same kind of instrument.defined R. You can even add a few points if need be.3. Refer section 10. survey data collected varies from instrument to instrument.AUTOPLOTTER 13. 13.s or Levels and also when you desire to limit your contours within a closed boundary. Many filtering options can be found in Filters from the DTM menu.1 Import Data 13.2 Viewing and Editing Imported Data In order to view the imported or calculated data you can choose Surveyed data from View menu.0 DTM and Contour 13. If you find any of the readings to be incorrect after it is imported you can edit the data in the Surveyed Data window.3.2 Traditional Instruments Using optical instruments. Refer section 10. Figure 13-1: Elevation Filter Definition ICS 13-1 .0 DTM AND CONTOUR 13.3 for creating traditional instrument files in AutoPlotter.1.1. After closing the Surveyed data window choose Reprocess Data from the Data menu to make the changes to take effect.1 Total Station The first step to generate contours is to import the surveyed data into your project. 13. Refer section 10.3.L.1. AUTOPLOTTER 13. 13-2) three boundaries are shown.L. All the selected boundaries are listed in the Use Boundary Filter list.1 Elevation Filter 13.L. Included boundaries are those inside which AutoPlotter will plot the defined contours whereas there will be no contours inside the Excluded boundaries. 13-2 ICS . You can choose any one or all of the boundaries to plot the contours to your liking. whose elevation information is not taken.s are outside the range specified in ‘Minimum R.3. Figure 13-2: Boundary Filter Definition In the above figure (refer fig. To set the filter choose Filter Configuration from DTM->Filters menu.While calculating the DTM. and Maximum R. A window will be displayed (refer Fig 13-1). In the window checkmark the option Use Elevation Filter and then specify the Minimum R. Press Ok when done. are surveyed along with the Topographic survey the elevation filter can be used.2 Boundary Filter To select the boundaries you want your contours to be excluded from or included into. choose Define Boundary from DTM->Filters menu. You will be prompted to first specify the type of boundary you would like to add namely Exclude or Include. The boundary you select in the list will be highlighted in the display portion of AutoPlotter so that you know the selected boundary. The boundary should be a closed line.L. Telephone Poles. Trees etc.L. in the textboxes provided.’ 13. Type the first letter of your choice in the command bar and press Enter and then select the boundary of your choice.’ and ‘Maximum R.0 DTM AND CONTOUR In cases where Traverse points and other details such as Electric Poles.3. AutoPlotter will not consider the points whose R. Of the three boundaries one is of the Included type and the others are the Excluded type boundary.L. If it is not in your surveyed data you can create a breakline by first adding a reference code in the code library and setting the type to Line. ICS 13-3 . The details of the breakline should be there in the survey data. Select the entity number from the breakline list. Refer figure 13-3 for better understanding. Check mark the option Use Breakline.3. For example.3 Using Breakline 13. when a survey is done for a river and surrounding areas. Then choose Define Breakline from DTM->Filters menu. the contour of river bed will be different than that of banks. Now you can set the DTM filter to use breakline. To do that choose Filter Configuration from the DTM->Filters menu. The details of the breakline will be appended to your surveyed data.0 DTM AND CONTOUR Breaklines are imaginary lines used during contour generation to segregate data. Then in the reference code control in the Object Properties toolbar select the reference code you have just added and then draw the line in the display area Figure 13-3: Breakline Filter Definition of AutoPlotter. Breakline filter option can be used to define a breakline. So a break line can be defined for the river edge lines so that contours are treated seperately. the breakline will be highlighted. and select the line you have drawn.AUTOPLOTTER 13. When you select the breakline number from the list. For Group 1. you can proceed further to define the contours. To Add the contour groups.g. Repeat the same procedure to add more groups . The status will be updated to show the number of contours Figure 13-4: Contour Group Definition To erase the groups which were created previously. In the Color column enter the color number or you can select it by clicking the button next to it. choose By Group from DTM ->Define Contours menu. E. select the linestyle to be used for this particular group.0 DTM AND CONTOUR Once the data for contours is properly imported. Conventionally it is preferred to have two groups. on the basis of which.15m minor contour interval in yellow color with continuous linestyle while other group of contours at every 0. In the Increment column specify the contour interval for the group and in the Linestyle column.1 Contour By Groups Using AutoPlotter you can define the Contours by groups which have different Intervals or Increments.2 Contour By Range Contour Range can be used to easily identify the terrain. Contours can be defined by primarily three methods all of which are explained below 13.5m interval.13-4) has been specified before specifying contour group with 0.4 Contour Definition 13. For example. A window as shown in figure 13-4 will appear.4. This will erase all the previous contour definition.Once you are done.AUTOPLOTTER 13. you can click on the Clear Contours button. In the Start RL column enter the elevation from which you want to start the group. click Add Groups. Ranges can be created according to the user preferences on the 13-4 ICS . Contour Range can be used to easily identify the terrain.5 m major contour interval in red color with continuous linestyle. Note that if you define more than one contour group. 13.15m interval (refer fig.4. Contour group with 0. the high land and low land area can be easily identified. specify the group with lower increment first and then the one with higher increment. one major group and one minor group. Ranges can be created according to the user preferences. you can have one group of contours at every 0. On selecting this option. 2) Start specifying your range. follow these steps: 1) Specify a contour interval in the space provided for Contour interval. the background of row for complete range will show the newly selected color . In figure 13-5 contour interval has been specified as 0.3 Individual Contour Definition Using contour groups and Contour range contours can be added at fixed elevation interval only. or at a desired elevation.25 units. In figure 13-5.4. 6) Once you have finished adding your ranges.1 unit and the End RL has been specified as 50. for Range 1. Click on the Add Range button. For Range 1. Click on the color to select. for Range 1. A window will be displayed with the list of colors. In figure 13-5. To select the color click on the . 4) On selecting the color. the high land and low lying area can be easily identified. the color has been specified as 1 (red). Your range should be defined from the lower elevation to the higher elevation. 13. the Start RL has been specified as 49. To define the contour Range. 5) Repeat steps 2 to 4 to specify more ranges. When you have finished defining the ranges close the window. a window will be displayed as shown in figure 13-5. button next to color box. This will update the AutoPlotter project with the newly defined range and will set the color for individual contour line.AUTOPLOTTER 13. ICS 13-5 . 7) To clear the contours which have been already added to the current project. Figure 13-5: Contour Range Definition To Specify the contour range.0 unit 3) Specify the color that you would like to assign to this particular range. choose Individually from the DTM ->Define Contours can be used. To add contour lines individually. enter the starting reduced level and the ending reduced level in the space provided. click the Clear Contours button. choose By Range from DTM ->Define Contours menu.0 DTM AND CONTOUR basis of which. linetype.5 Create Contours To create the contours after you have defined the contours choose Create Contours from the DTM menu.L or Month-wise reservoir levels.0 DTM AND CONTOUR Figure 13-6: Individual Contour Definition When you select this option the window as shown in the figure above appears(refer fig. etc.. With special color or linetypes so that they can be recognized in the drawing easily.F. You can add new contours to represent special features like H. 13. Figure 13-7: Create Contour 13-6 ICS .AUTOPLOTTER 13. For already added contours y ou can change the elevation. and also the color. In this window you can add new contours and also edit already added contours. 13-6). 6 Centroidal fit Contours While drawing contours with smooth curves. The data will be generated for a square area with your specified length.5. the contour points will be calculated increasing its accuracy.5. To manage the contours better you can set it to (i) in single layer. the control points for contour line will be less. contours will move slightly from the original calculated location. CON by default.0 DTM AND CONTOUR On selecting the option the window as shown in the figure 13-7 appears.5. the basic interpolation and calculation of control points are done considering the contour line as straight line segments. The grid data will be generated based on the random data at specified interval and based on the calculated grid points.5. will create 3D faces for the calculated TIN (Triangular Irregular Network) . If the first option is selected all the contours will be plotted in one layer. 13. 13. When you check mark this option. 13. Understanding the options 13. a single DTM triangle is converted into three triangles. even after fitting of curve for these special condition. 13. To ensure that. you will have to enter the grid size which can be the length of any one side of the grid.5.5 Curve Type You can select the type of curve you want to use for drawing the contours. Contour processing will take longer time which is related to the size of the grid. and the sampling is not proper. While fitting the curve. 13. the movement is restricted. ICS 13-7 .2 Layers: Layer Prefix Type the name of the layer you want the contours to be plotted. based on which the contour points will be calculated. (ii) in separate layers or (iii) based on group. The second option will ensure that all the contours are placed in a different layer whereas if the third layer is selected the contours will be plotted in layers based on the groups under which they are defined.3 Layers: Annotation Type the name of the layer in which you want the Contour Elevations to be plotted.1 Layers: Contour With this option you can control where your contours are to be plotted. Before you proceed with plotting the contours it is advisable to customizing the drawing parameters to your choice. there will be no shifting of contour line from the control point though the smoothness of the contour will be less.4 Layers: Spot Level Type the name of the layer in which you want the Contour Spot Levels to be plotted. in a few particular conditions of closed contours.5. 13. See figure 13-8(a) & 13-8(b) for a better understanding. 13. If the Use Grid Data option is selected. Grid data can be used.AUTOPLOTTER 13. When Centroidal Fit Contours is used. Centroidal Fit Contours can be used. If you want to change that you can select any curve type from the combo box.8 Show Surface Selecting this option. To increase the control points for the contours.5. By default are plotted using straight lines.7 Use Grid Data If the raw survey data is taken in random.5. Now we move into the next point say 8 and apply the same scanning radius of 30 (fig. The other point 10 is left out.5. Similarly we consider other points for the maximum scanning radius to form a triangle. the 2 neighboring points 8 and 10 come inside the circle with the scanning radius. Now all the 3 points: 7.9 Rebuild DTM Required to recalculate the TIN triangles on the basis of the data. There are 11 surveyed points shown in figure 13-9a.AUTOPLOTTER 13. On providing 30 m as scanning radius (fig.10 Scanning Radius Scanning radius is the maximum distance to search from any survey point to find the neighboring point. 13-9d. 8. So we increase our scanning radius to 40.0 DTM AND CONTOUR Control Point with 415m Elevation Contour of 415m Shifting removed in the contour line Figure 13-8(b): Contour with Centroidal Fit Figure 13-8(a): Contour without Centroidal Fit 13. The TIN which is generated on the basis of 40 scanning radius is shown in fig. 13. and 10 can be linked. Scanning radius defines the maximum length of side for triangles for TIN network.5. We start with point number 7 and provide a scanning radius of 30m. You will need to rebuild the DTM only when you have changed your data or you have changed the scanning radius. After final inspection we set overall scanning radius for all the points as 40.13-9b). 13-8 ICS . If you have already built your DTM once (by generating contours from the data) you need not rebuild. All the calculations for contours are related to the scanning radius. 13-9b). The illustration below explains the concept of scanning radius. 13-9d.AUTOPLOTTER 13.0 DTM AND CONTOUR 7 10 6 11 2 Figure 13-9(a): Initial Survey Point 7 8 9 5 4 11 10 6 2 8 9 5 4 Figure 13-9(b): Providing Scanning Radius of 30m with the center as point number 7 As you can see from the TIN in fig. scanning radius should be increased. If the area for triangle has to be also considered in the DTM. 4-8e shows the TIN with scanning radius of 50. Fig. 8 and 9 were not formed because the scanning radius of 40 is less than the distance between point 1 & 9. triangle between point 1. 7 10 6 11 2 Figure 13-9(c): Providing Scanning Radius of 40 m with the center as point number 8 ICS 7 8 9 5 4 11 10 6 8 9 5 4 2 Figure 13-9(d): TIN formed with scanning radius of 40 13-9 . Scanning radius. Click on the Generate button to plot the contours. c) Based on the scanning radius.0 DTM AND CONTOUR Now that we are familiar with the concept of scanning radius. Once you have specified all the parameters.5. In fig. One way of knowing the Elevation is to simply typing the X and Y co-ordinates of the point and click the Elevation button. To avoid this a reasonable scanning radius should be provided based on the sampling of surveyed data.12 Annotation: Contour Levels at End If this option is checkmarked AutoPlotter will plot the contour levels or RLs at the two ends of open contours and at one location of closed contours.11 Annotation: Show Spot Levels If this option is checkmarked then AutoPlotter will show Spot Levels or Elevations of the surveyed points in the contour drawing. lets look into few things to be kept in mind : a) Providing a larger scanning radius. if specified properly can detect the boundary automatically. A very large scanning radius will create triangles which should not be part 8 9 5 4 of the DTM.g.AUTOPLOTTER 13.8 & 9 was not created. E. Choose Remote Elevation from the DTM menu. 13.14 Annotation: Spot Level Text Height Specify the text height of the annotation texts such as spot levels in this textbox. Or you can make the hover around the area Figure 13-10:Remote Elevation ICS 13-10 . b) A smaller scanning radius will yield less number of triangles and will leave out portion of the surveyed area e. 13. In case of fig. If there had been no surveyed data for a particular area in the site but the contours are required for that area also. 13-9d the triangle between 1.5. It can also be used the other way round.5. 13-9e boundary formed is for the outer edges of triangles.13 Annotation: Annotation Text Height Specify the text height of the annotation texts such as Contour Rls in this textbox. a higher scanning radius will do the job. 13. the boundary for the site is defined in which contour calculation will be done.5.g. 13. will yield 7 10 6 11 2 Figure 13-9(e): TIN formed with scanning radius of 50 nearly the same results. 13.6 Remote Elevation If you like to know the elevation of any point inside the periphery of your surveyed area or even out side it you can use Remote Elevation. The grid point RL will be calculated from the TIN generated based on the random data and scanning radius. If you want to add that calculated point to your surveyed data then click the Add button.0 as origin.10 for details). Y. 13. which can be later transferred back to AutoPlotter project for processing. Entry for origin should be made in this manner: <X Coordinate>.5. 4) Enter the X spacing and Y spacing for the exported grid in space provided. 5) In the grid origin text box enter the coordinate of the point from which you want the grid to start. 7) Click generate to export the data in grid form The file thus created will have information regarding the X coordinate.7 Export to Grid You can convert the random spot levels collected from site into a grid data. Check the Create DTM if the DTM has not been calculated for the project already. And then click the Export button. Repeat this method to add more points to the surveyed data. If you want to directly add the grid data to the current project checkmark the box next to Add to Current project option. A file will be created having information of the X. The file can be directly opened in any kind of worksheet application and can imported to AutoPlotter 6. If you want the coordinates generated for the grid to be on the basis of imported data then enter 0. 3) In the file name enter the file name you want for the exported grid. <Y Coordinate> 6) Enter the scanning radius (see Section 13. Figure 13-11: Grid Generation ICS 13-11 . 2)Choose Export to Grid from the DTM menu .x using CSV file import.AUTOPLOTTER 13. Y coordinate and Z coordinate. A window appears as shown in figure 13-11.0 DTM AND CONTOUR you want to know the elevation and press Ctrl+E. You can select the folder where you want to save using the browse button. The elevation of that point will be calculated. and Z coordinates for the Exported Grid. To generate the grid data follow these steps: 1) Import the file containing the random data. For example. AutoPlotter can have multiple number of DTM in one single project.AUTOPLOTTER 13. Figure 13-12: Add Points 13. To do this copy the northing and easting in windows clipboard. terrain volume calculation etc. Specify a file name and click Save. such as generation of separate contour lines. Now if you want the elevation for second data corresponding to the northing and easting of previous data. In the figure 13-12 note that before adding to the project the reference code GL is selected. you have done a survey of a land and you have the northing. On doing so. Click Add To Project to add the data to the same project. Paste the same (northing and easting) corresponding to which you want the elevation. 13-12 ICS . After certain period of time resurvey the area (after some filling or cutting) and you have second set of readings. This feature is useful if elevation. A window as shown in figure 13-12 will appear. It is useful to keep track of surface changes. for a given set of known northing and easting is required. DTMs can be used for other purposes as well other than volume calculation between surfaces. Digital terrain model is created based on the surveyed data when it is processed for contours. Now you can open a new project and import that file. These DTMs can be used to find out the volume of excavation. For example.0 DTM AND CONTOUR To activate this command. then you can use Add Points.Then enter the scanning radius and click Calculate. choose Add Points from DTM menu. Now you can either export the data to a new file or add it to the same project.8 Add Points 13. profiles and cross sections etc. You can export the data to a file. you will be prompted to specify a file name where you want to save the data. then we have to DTM for the same site. Keep the survey reference code selected to which you want your calculated data to be appended. if a survey is done for a particular site prior to excavation and another survey is done after the excavation for the same site. For this click Export Data.9 DTM DTM is the digital terrain model of surface data. easting and elevation. 3. 13. select the DTM that you want to make current. if you want to find the volume between a DTM surface and a datum or if you want to find the volume between one DTM surface to another DTM surface.1 Finding volume between a DTM surface and datum 1. 2. Then Press Set as Current DTM button.AUTOPLOTTER 13. Significance of current DTM Any new data imported in project will get imported in current DTM Contours will be generated for current DTM Any operation which involves DTM creation or rebuild will consider the current DTMs’ data.10. Based on this center line. DTM surface data 2. 13. This will make the selected DTM current. cross sections are generated inside the boundary and the volume is calculated either from a datum or from another surface. Center Line: A center line is required for terrain volume.1 How to Create New DTM 1. Boundary: This is the boundary inside which the terrain volume will be calculated. Move to the next row by pressing ENTER.0 DTM AND CONTOUR Figure 13-13: DTM Window 13.2 Making a DTM current In the DTM & Configuration window. The prerequisite for terrain volume calculation are:1. A window will appear as shown in figure 13-13 3. 13.9.10 Terrain Volume Terrain volume is used. 4. In a new row. A window will appear as shown in figure 13-14 Figure 13-14: Terrain Volume between a DTM and datum ICS 13-13 . 5. enter the new DTMs’ name. This will add the new DTM to your project.9. Close the Active DTM & Configuration window by pressing Ok button. Choose Active DTM from the DTM menu. Choose Terrain Volume from the DTM menu. Note:. 9. Terrain volume window will minimize and you will be prompted to select the center line in command prompt. 7. Select the center line from the drawing by clicking on the center line. Enter Interval in the space provided. 13. 7. 11. On pressing the Boundary selection button. 6. 12. Select the other DTM from the Initial DTM surface list to which you want to calculate volume. Select the boundary from the drawing by clicking on the boundary line. 5. Terrain volume window will minimize and you will be prompted to select the center line in command prompt. Terrain volume window will be redisplayed with Boundary displaying Selected.AUTOPLOTTER 13. Note:. Terrain volume window will be 13-14 ICS . 10. 8.10. 8. Terrain volume window will minimize and you will be prompted to select the boundary line in command prompt. Press the button next to Center Line to select the center line based on which the cross sections will be generated. Terrain volume window will minimize and you will be prompted to select the boundary line in command prompt. 3.Boundary should be a closed polyline whose survey information is available. 10. This is the chainage interval at which the cross sections will be generated. Select the center line from the drawing by clicking on the center line.Boundary should be a closed polyline whose survey information is available. Choose Terrain Volume from the DTM menu.2 Finding volume between two DTM surface 1. 6. A window will appear as shown in figure 13-14 2. Select Datum from the Initial DTM surface list. Enter the scanning radius for the final DTM in the space provided for Scan Radius. Terrain volume window will be redisplayed with Center Line displaying Selected. Press Process button to calculate volume. On pressing the Center line selection button. Select the DTM from the Final DTM surface list from which you want to calculate volume. Press the button next to Boundary to select the boundary inside which the volume needs to be calculated. Press the button next to Center Line to select the center line based on which the cross sections will be generated. 13.0 DTM AND CONTOUR 2. Press the button next to Boundary to select the boundary inside which the volume needs to be calculated. Enter the scanning radius for both the DTMs in the space provided for Scan Radius. 5. 4. Enter Datum in the space provided. On pressing the Center line selection button. 9. On pressing the Boundary selection button. Select the boundary from the drawing by clicking on the boundary line. Terrain volume window will be redisplayed with Boundary displaying Selected. 3. 4. Once the calculation is over. Based on this datum value volume will be calculated. Select the DTM from the Final DTM surface list from which you want to calculate volume. the volume will be displayed at the status of Terrain Volume window. 1 and 10. Press CS & Area button.3. Once the calculation is over. 13. Cross section viewer window will be displayed showing the cross section. This is the chainage interval at which the cross sections will be generated.11 Cross Section and Area Once you have processed for volume as explained in section 10. In the cross section viewer you can perform following actions:Zoom & Pan: Zoom & Pan tools are available in the toolbar of cross section viewer. Use it to zoom and pan in the cross section.0 DTM AND CONTOUR 11.3. You can also right-click on cross section and select the zoom & pan options. refer Chapter 5 Edit & Save: You can modify the cross section’s data by entering the value in the grid provided or you can use mouse to edit the cross section drawing by using grips.2 you can view the cross sections for the area based on which volume has been calculated. the volume will be displayed at the status of Terrain Volume window. display will show multiple tabs. For more information on zoom & pan. Zoom & Pan Current Chainage Move First Move Next Area Move Previous Move Last Y Scale Change order Section Data Cross Section Area Display Figure 13-15: Terrain Volume between a DTM and datum The section data will be displayed in the left hand side. Enter Interval in the space provided. Press Process button to calculate volume. 13. 12.AUTOPLOTTER redisplayed with Center Line displaying Selected. Press the Save button from the toolbar and the ICS 13-15 . If more than one data is available. Modifying display & use for cross section Y Mag: Changing the value in Y Mag will magnify the Y scale of the cross section. then checkmark Lock RL.AUTOPLOTTER cross section’s information will get updated in the original data. Interval: The vertical scale shows elevation readings at a particular interval. Lock Offset: If you don’t want to change the offset values in the grid as well as in the drawing. Txt. Your display will change to show the area report for the current cross section as shown in figure. then checkmark Lock offset. Note: First and last point of the cross section cannot be modified. Save as Drawing: You can save the current cross section as a separate drawing file (APD) by choosing Save to APD button from the toolbar. Area To see the detailed area report for the current cross section. Lock RL: If you don’t want to change the elevation (RL) values in the grid as well as in the drawing. Figure 13-16: Terrain Volume between a DTM and datum 13-16 ICS . For more information on printing refer chapter 12. press Area button from the toolbar. Ht: Entering the text height will change the text height in cross section. You can change the interval at which the elevation readings should appear by entering the interval. 13.0 DTM AND CONTOUR Print: You can print the current cross section directly using the print button located in cross section viewer’s toolbar. The datum for the profile is assumed automatically based on the lowest level. AutoPlotter will display the nearest chainage. You can modify the datum.2 you can view the Longitudinal profile and the volume report. You can choose to Lock the RL. Browsing through sections Buttons are provided in the toolbar to move from one chainage to other. and . You can also edit the elevation graphically using grips in the Profile editor You can choose to display Chainage.3. To move to previous chainage use < button. similarly to move to next chainage. Press Volume button. vertical grid. Elevation can be modified and saved if it is not a derived elevation (if the data exists in the original section information). You can also move to a particular chainage by directly entering the chainage in the space provided for Chainage. You can go to the very first chainage by pressing the << button. Profile viewer window will be displayed showing the longitudinal profile. Zoom & Pan Volume view Section Data Longitudinal Profile Figure 13-17: Profile View Data for particular offset will be displayed in the left hand side. in which case the Longitudinal section as well data cannot be modified.0 DTM AND CONTOUR Once you right click on the area sheet.1 and 10.AUTOPLOTTER 13. Similarly you can go to the last chainage by pressing >> button. ICS 13-17 . use > button. popup menu is displayed using which you can copy the information to clipboard and paste it to other software.3. Y-Mag is the Y scale and Interval is the vertical elevation interval. If there is no chainage available.12 Longitudinal Profile and Volume Once you have processed for volume as explained in section 10. Level. 10. 3.4 13-18 ICS . Create a centerline using a polyline or a line on top of the contour . 13. 4. Enter the chainage interval and then press ENTER. You will be prompted to enter the chainage interval. The profile will be calculated and displayed as shown in figure 13-17 Usage of the profile window is the same as explained in section 13. 1. You will be prompted to select the center line. Figure 13-18: Volume View Once you right click on the area sheet. Select the center line on the drawing screen by clicking on it. 2. press the Volume button in the profile toolbar. popup menu is displayed using which you can copy the information to clipboard and paste it to other software. The View changes to the volume view where cross sectional areas and volume are displayed along with cumulative cut and fill.0 DTM AND CONTOUR To view the volume for the profile.AUTOPLOTTER 13. 5. Choose Profile on Contour from the DTM menu Command Line: QUICKLS 3.13 Profile on Contour To get an immediate profile on contour follow these steps:. 6 CROSS section 14.1 IMPORTING SECTION DATA OR ROUTE DATA 14.2 CREATING CROSS SECTION TEMPLATE 14.5 longitudinal section 14.3 ALIGNING ROUTE DATA 14.CHAPTER 14 SECTIONS 14.7 CROSS sectionAL AREAS .4 section data from dtm 14. . choose ant of the color and press Ok.0 Sections Data which has sectional information of route is known as section data. a color dialog box will be displayed. select the route file and press Open. Section data has Chainage. Chainage: Enter the column field number for the chainages entered in the CSV file. OFFSET. DESCRIPTION 14. This kind of data can be processed for generating Plans. Click the Ok button when done. A Routes definition dialog window will open as shown in figure below: Add: Click the Add button to enter a name for the section data that is to be imported. Save: Click the Save button to save the current section data to the route name specified. mention the name as OGL. goto Section > Route Data from file. ( Note: The data copied is to be in the usual format as specified above). Main section data collected from site is for original ground level using levelling instruments. Select this option if you are creating a new route. a window will appear as shown in figure. . Proposed level data can be either entered by user or generated from Autoplotter. Select the existing route name from the list present next to the Add to Existing option. Elevation: Enter the column field number for the elevation entered in the CSV file. Choose a color and press Ok. The usual format of data is : CHAINAGE. goto Section > Routes.AUTOPLOTTER 14. Route: Specify a name for the data in the empty field. cross sections and AreaVolume calculation along route. Also there will be a ICS 14-1 . Description: Enter the column field number for the description entered in the CSV file. Longitudinal profile. 14-1: Import Route Data Window Add to New Route: This option allows you to create a new route for the section data been imported. On saving. Fig. Offset: Enter the column field number for the offsets entered in the CSV file. ELEVATION. Sectional information can be longitudinal or cross section..1 Importing of Section Data or Route Data There are 2 ways to import te section data: 1)From CSV file :To import the section data. say for eg: if you importing the OGL data. It can be also supplemented by description. Copy the route data.0 Sections 14. Specify a name for the route under the Name empty field box and you can select a color by clicking over the color palette button. 2)From Clipboard: You can also copy the route or section data from your spreadsheet and paste directly into AutoPlotter. v) Copy the section data from your spreadsheet and right mouse click to paste it into Routes. the section data will automatically be added to the planimetric information for X and Y. Add to Existing: This option allows you to add the section data for an existing route already imported or present. Offset and elevation as the main field. Color: You can select a color by clicking on the color palette button.A dialogue box will appear prompting for the CSV file. But with the group configuration multiple route sections can be grouped and aligned to different routes in one go. numbers will be assigned to the route. When 2 or more routes are present then to obtain multiple route sections will be a tedious job.2 “Creating a Cross Section Template”. To do this. See section 14. a Route Group Configuration dialog will appear as shown below: Fig. Template: You can create cross section templates for fill and cut conditions and it can be applied for the route automatically. etc which is to be aligned to the first route. The name of the current route number will be displayed on left side empty field box. FRL (Proposed Level). you can select the group number and the route from the list and click the Delete button to remove the data.AUTOPLOTTER color change in the data fields when there is a change of Chainage. you can group FRL and DRL to OGL route. Delete: To remove the existing route data. from the Source list. DRL (Drain Level). Now select the 14-2 ICS . Click on the Group button. a group number will automatically be created and subsequently for different route data’s the group numbers keep on adding up. 14-2: Route Definition Window For eg: if have OGL . Group: This group configuration allows you to effectively manage all the route numbers created automatically during importing of route data. Each time a new section data is added.0 Sections Group List: When a route data is added. select the route number (here 2 is FRL). 14. Select the route from the list where you want to shift the starting chanage.e.0 Sections corresponding route names will appear on the right hand empty field box. Select the route names on the left field for which you want to group to the target route. Then click on the Save button to save the group. Click the Save button to apply the changes made.. enter the new chainage in the field box next to the Move button and then click the Move button.2 Creating Cross Section Template AutoPlotter has the facility to apply a user defined cross section template for a route data. Similarly to group the route data corresponding to the second route. i. so that the modified chainage will be starting from 500. then you can move to the targeted chainage using this move option. if you have imported a route chainage starting from 0. but you need to recalculate the starting chainage starting from 500 m. You can apply Figure 14-4: Template Definition ICS 14-3 . Figure 14-3: Route Group Configuration Move: This feature allows you to move your current chainage to targeted chainage.510.10. Close when done.AUTOPLOTTER route number under the Target List and the 14.20 so on.520 so on. and press the > button. repeat the same procedure. 14. Enter the width of the berm. The Template Application frame allows you to select the route. By default the Left side tab will be highlighted. In case the difference of height goes beyond 1m. then the slope applied will be 1/1 with a berm width of 0. To define a cross slope in super elevation condition. Save: Click the Save button to save the template defined.5m. The software will automatically apply the template based on the data available. berm can be used. 14-4 ICS . Under the Top Definition frame. when at the height of 0m.5 the camber provided is 2. Under Side Slope frame. If the difference of height/depth is upto 1m. specify Offset.AUTOPLOTTER 14. the camber provided is 3%.If you have no cross slope (flat) enter 0%. etc.5 offset to -5 offset. Fill Tab: To define the template in filling condition. Berm: To provide a width for a pathway on the side slope at the specified depth. The format of slope to be entered is Vertical / Horizontal. You can define more than one template by giving different name. then multiple widths can be entered one below the other as shown in figure 14-4 Slope/Camber: Cross slope or camber can be provided for a defined width.0 Sections the designed cross width. the definitions are as follows: Depth: The depth is the difference of height from the toe point to the edge of the cross width for which the side slope and a berm has to be applied. In the figure. 2. the side slope applied is 1/1 with no any berm. The width entered will be the distance from the center line or from the Center offset.5% and between -3. The definition for the Left and Right tabs are similar to the Fill condition. then the above condition is applied. click on the cut tab. To create and apply a template. If there is no berm. side slope. In the Left side tab you will find Top Definition and Side Slope frame. Note: From the above figure. The definition is the same as we have defined for the Left Hand side. If there is a difference of camber. hence enter a positive value. etc for both in fill and cut conditions separately. Specify the camber beside the width entered. Note 1. Cut Tab: To define a template for a cutting condition. Similarly to define on the Right Hand side click the Right tab. apply side slopes. Template: Enter a name for the cross section template. enter 0. you can apply the template by simply selecting the template name from the template list. On saving. the total width in left side is 5m and between offset 0 to -3. press the fill tab. the definitions are as follows: Length/Width: It is the Cross width for a cross section. enter a negative value. berms. click the Template button in the Routes Definition or goto Section > Define CS template. Slope: It is the side slope provided from the shoulder edge to the Toe. To apply a vertical slope simply enter 90 to have sudden drop from the shoulder. Follow the steps to create a CS Template Add: Press the Add button to enter a name for the template.The camber provided is a downward cross slope. A Cross Section definition window will be displayed as shown in figure 14-4. then the width and cambers will not be applied to the route.(See how to create Groups in section 14. the applied template can be applied at 0 center offset. To align a route.. Apply Top Definition: Check mark this option if you want the Top definition like widths and cambers to be applied to the route. This will be useful in case you require L & C sections for more than 1 route at a time by simply selecting the route groups and aligning it across the routes present in the plan. If you do not check mark the top definition. achieved levels. The route name selected here will be applied with the template defined.. then the side slopes will not be applied to the route. Initially route data has to be present under Routes (See “Importing Section Data or Route Data”). Select the group for which you want to align to a route. For example. Apply Side Slope: Check mark this option if you want the Side Slopes defined to be applied to the route. then select the OGL route here. goto Section > Align Route. On check marking this. Figure 14-5: Align Route Definition ICS 14-5 .3 Align Route Data If there are more than 1 routes in plan and you want to align each route data to different routes then the Align route data can be used. A align Route Data window will appear as shown in figure below. To specify a left offset. Apply: Click the apply button to apply the template for the selected route. If you are applying the template for FRL (Proposed). enter a positive value. Select the route name from the list for which the template is to be extended to.1). To: The template will be applied from the route and extend upto the next route layer. This option will be useful if you have already having the offset widths in the route data.0 Sections Route: The route will list the route data imported. 14. etc. Delete: To remove a template from the list. if the template is to applied at FRL and extend upto OGL. then select the proposed route name from the list. and to specify a right offset. Group: The group will list all the route group numbers created under Routes. Offset: By default the template will be applied at 0 center offset. Close: Press the close button to close the Template definition dialog window. This will be useful in case you have field levels. If you do not check mark the side slopes. Recalculate Center: By default.AUTOPLOTTER 14. simply press the delete button. If you want the template to be applied at any other offset the enter the required offset value. enter a negative value. AUTOPLOTTER 14. Color: Select a color for the route data by clicking on the color palette button. then enter the chainage here. On selecting the route line.A route center line for which section has to be built is also required on the topo data. a build section data window will appear as shown in figure below. Name: Enter a name for the route data which is to be built on the DTM.4 Section Data from DTM Longitudinal and Cross sections can be plotted provided the route data or section data is present. To create section data from the DTM. Offsets: Offsets or cross chainages can also be calculated to obtain the section data.. the following terms are described as below. 14. 2. In the section data window. Point the mouse cursor onto the route line to select. Align: On clicking the align button. Close: Click the close button to close the window. Hence the route will be calculated with respect to the specified chainage.Goto Section > Build Route data from DTM.The topographic data has to be imported. 4. Now the window will appear and the field box will be displayed “Selected”. Section can be plotted for a route data or on DTM (Digital Terrain Model). If there is no route line present. (See how to “Draw a Poly Line”) 3. they are: Figure 14-7: Build Section Data 14-6 ICS . If the starting chainage for your route is other than 0..0 Sections Figure 14-6: Routes on Plan Center Line: Select the route line in your plan by clicking the > button. the field box will display Selected.0 m.. Start Chain: By default the starting chainage will be 0. There are 2 ways to generate offsets. The window will close temporarily and prompt for selecting the route line on the plan.0 m . then draw a route line on the plan. Center Line: Select the route line on the plan by clicking the > button. the route data will be aligned to the route on plan.(See how to import Survey data). follow these steps 1. then check mark this option.0 m. If the offsets at which the cross section line intersects the DTM points and hence this point should also be added.8. Also enter the Maximum Offset for which you want to generate the offsets. Click Ok to continue. Select the center line from the editor.-12. A: Quick Longitudinal Section : 1. For example. 2.0m then enter the starting chainage for the route in the field box here.Goto Section > Routes. Rebuild DTM: Check mark this option to apply the scanning radius value in generating the section data. table.A dialog window will appear displaying the number of cross sections generated. Autoplotter will consider the start chainage for the route as 0.5. Hence the route will be calculated with respect to the starting chainage specified. On check marking this. 5. B) Variable Offsets: The variable offsets can be used in case you want to calculate only at specified offsets or at only one side.6. then enter the Offset Interval in field box provided.A command “Select Center Line to view Profile” will appear in the command prompt window. In case the chainage starts other than 0. etc Follow the steps to plot the LS. X & Y scale.0. table.AUTOPLOTTER 14. Enter the chainage interval n the field box. Calculate: Click the calculate button to generate the section data.2.A Profile View window will appear displaying the longitudinal section of the center line selected in the ICS 14-7 . Enter the offsets separated by a comma in the Offsets field box. the elevations for the offset points will be taken equal to the nearest DTM point.-17. the elevation will not be calculated. etc B: Custom Longitudinal Section: This will enable to plot the section in detail as per user settings like sheet setting. select the route name to view the section data generated. offsets upto 40m on the left and right side from the centerline with an interval of 2m will be generated. Note: Positive offset means cross chainage on the right side from the center line and Negative offset means cross chainage on the left side from the center line. 3. vertical scale. There are 2 ways to plot the longitudinal section A: Quick Longitudinal Section : This will enable to plot the LS with all the default settings of text height. text height. (See “Scanning Radius”).-5. 14.0 Sections A) Fixed Offsets: The fixed offsets will be useful to generate offsets at uniform interval. Enable Near Pt Calculation: When the offset points are outside the TIN model. -19. Chain Interval: It is the Longitudinal chainage interval. For example. Close: Click Close when done.Goto Section > Profile & Volume View. complete or partial. Add Additional offsets: Cross Section points are calculated for the offsets defined in Variable Offsets.15 can be entered. as shown in figure.5. Starting Chainage: By default.5 Longitudinal Sections L sections or Longitudinal sections can be plotted provided the section or route data is present. you need to provide an optimum scanning radius value. Scanning Radius: To effectively build the section data on the DTM. 6. If this is checkmarked. enter it here. CTRL+C to copy button again. If you require LS at any other cross offset. click on button. enter it here. button. Print: To print the current LS. click select all. The following terms described are: Offset: By default the offset for LS will be 0. Y Mag: It is the elevation scale along the Y axis of the section. By default the vertical scale will be set to 10. The LS will be displayed for the specified offset present in the route data Datum: Enter the datum level or else by default Auto will automatically calculate the minimum level and will be used for Datum. Text Ht: To change the text height of the Rl’s and chainage readings in the section. click button. change the value as required. A sheet will appear as shown in Fig 14-9. the Rl table will be displayed below the section. if you do not want to display it. You will be prompted to save the section in APD / DWG / DXF format.AUTOPLOTTER 14. Show Chainage: By default. To remove the vertical lines. then uncheck this option Show Vertical Grid: This will display the section with vertical lines passing from the section line to the datum line across the chainages in the table. click on the See “ Printing” for more details Volume Report: To view volume details. the chainage table will be displayed below the section. Use CTRL+A to Figure 14-9: Volume sheet ICS 14-8 .0 Sections Zoom & Pan Volume view Section Data Longitudinal Profile Figure 14-8: Quick Profile window drawing editor. uncheck this option Save: To save the current LS. if you do not want to display it. See Fig 14-8. To switch back to the section. then uncheck this option Show RL at bottom: By default. Interval: It is the Z interval value that is to be displayed in the section. select the group number from the group list for which you require the profile. Offset: By default. Group: It is the route group created under Routes. and then enter the width and height in mm. If you require LS at different offset. To edit the name. click the Edit button to modify the name. The field box provided below can be used to add or subtract a particular item and can be used to define for table in LS. Click the Next button to continue to Table Settings dialog box as shown in figure 14-11. then enter a name in the name field box. and A4 sheet sizes. Partial: Select this option to plot LS only for a certain chainage only. The following terms in table settings are: Group Defined: In this group.APD format. LS will be plotted for 0. the items such as chainage.0 m offset. Click the browse button to select the template file and click Open. Orientation: You can set the orientation of the paper according to your requirement. enter the start chainage. Similarly to create multiple paper settings. Name: It is the name of the item selected in the group.0 Sections 2. Complete: Select this option to plot LS for all the chainages. Width and Height: Automatically the width and height of the paper will be set on selecting the Paper size. Select Portrait or Landscape depending on your plotting format. The following terms described are: New: Click the new button to create a new page setting. Paper Size: Select the paper size from the list. A3.AUTOPLOTTER B: Custom Longitudinal Sections: 1. Select the item you want to add for the table in LS. follow the steps mentioned above.Goto Section > Generate Longitudinal Profile. This name will be displayed in LS as specified here. then select User defined in Paper size. Name: Enter a name for a page setting. Use Template File: Checkmark this option to use a template from file. for example. Save: Click the save button to save the paper settings made. For Figure 14-10: Page Settings window Figure 14-11: T able Settings window ICS 14-9 . In case you need to change. The template file will be a *. In the From field box. if you want the profile in A0. RL of individual routes will be present here. enter the offset here. 14.A page & profile settings dialog will appear as shown in Fig 14-10. Caption: By default it will be the name of the item selected in the group. 3. Table line. then the LS will be broken into individual parts in separate sheets. Grid: Select this option to get grid lines on the LS. Color: You can set color for Elevation text. Enter the interval for the chainage here. Enter the value in the format 1 : 1000. click the < button. Table Text ht: It is the text height for the text in table row. Vertical Lines: Select this option if you require vertical lines drawn in between section. No Grid: This is the plotting style of the LS. Overlap: If the LS is broken into multiple parts. Enter a name in the Name and Caption box.AUTOPLOTTER 14. Now click the OGL and press the Save button. click the > button. you may require the second portion of LS to start from a certain length before the actual start chainage. If donot want any lines in between the section. press the Next button to continue for Display settings as shown in figure 14-12. Enter the row height as per requirement. X Scale and Y Scale: The X scale is the Horizontal scale for Chainage and Y Scale is the Vertical Scale for Elevation. The following terms are described below. Length: Specify the length of the chainage for the LS you want to plot. Axis and Grid by clicking the color palette button. select the items in the final table content and press the ^ button. 5. click the Add button. to get the depth or height difference between OGL and FRL. To add the group items into the final table content. Elevation Text Ht: it is the elevation values text size or text height. enter the overlap length for the LS. In such case.(Subtract) button. Figure 14-12: Table Settings window 14-10 ICS . Header Alignment: Select the alignment of the header or caption in the table row. Click the Generate button to plot and view the Longitudinal Section. Chainage Interval: It is the longitudinal chainage interval. Y Interval: Enter the Elevation interval to be displayed in LS. If the length is smaller than the total chainage. After the table settings are made. Double click the FRL item and click the . The options are Vertical. To remove the items from the final table content. To change the order of the items in the table. Horizontal or None. 4. Header Width: It is the spacing between the Datum line and the Table row.0 Sections example. Table Row height: It is the coordinate table row height. then select this option. Datum: Enter the datum level or else by default Auto will automatically calculate the minimum level and will be used for Datum. 6 Cross Sections 14. X & Y scale. For more information on zoom & pan. popup menu is displayed using which you can copy the information to clipboard and paste it to other software. Similarly you can go to the last chainage by pressing >> button.AUTOPLOTTER 14. 2. ICS 14-11 . etc Follow the steps to plot the CS. Press the Save button from the toolbar and the Once you right click on the area sheet.A command “Select Cross Section to View ” will appear in the command prompt window. vertical scale. You can go to the very first chainage by pressing the << button. Browsing through sections Buttons are provided in the toolbar to move from one chainage to other.A Cross Section Viewer window will appear as shown in Fig 14-13 displaying the current cross section selected in the editor Zoom & Pan Current Chainage Y Scale Move First Move Next Area Move Previous Move Last Change order Cross Section Section Data Area Display Figure 14-13: Cross Section Viewer The section data will be displayed in the left hand side. similarly to move to next chainage. To move to previous chainage use < button. table. 3. You can also right-click on cross section and select the zoom & pan options.0 Sections Cross sections can be plotted provided the section or route data is present. A: Quick Cross Section : 1. text height.Goto Section > CS & Area View. There are 2 ways to plot the cross section A: Quick Corss Section : This will enable to plot the CS with all the default settings of text height. If more than one data is available. table. etc B: Custom Cross Section: This will enable to plot the section as per user settings like sheet setting. display will show multiple tabs. In the cross section viewer you can perform following actions:Zoom & Pan: Zoom & Pan tools are available in the toolbar of cross section viewer. use > button. Select the CS line from the editor. refer Chapter 5 Edit & Save: You can modify the cross section’s data by entering the value in the grid provided or you can use mouse to edit the cross section drawing by using grips. Use it to zoom and pan in the cross section. complete or partial. Your display will change to show the area report for the current cross section as shown in figure 14-14 Figure 14-14: Cross Section Area Report B: Custom Cross Sections: 1. then checkmark Lock RL. Print: You can print the current cross section directly using the print button located in cross section viewer’s toolbar. cross section’s information will get updated in the original data. Note: First and last point of the cross section cannot be modified. then checkmark Lock offset. Save as Drawing: You can save the current cross section as a separate drawing file (APD) by choosing Save to APD button from the toolbar. Area To see the detailed area report for the current cross section. Modifying display & use for cross section Y Mag: Changing the value in Y Mag will magnify the Y scale of the cross section. Ht: Entering the text height will change the text height in cross section. You can change the interval at which the elevation readings should appear by entering the interval. The following terms described are: New: Click the new button to create a new page setting.A page & profile settings dialog will appear as shown in Fig 14-15. press Area button from the toolbar.AUTOPLOTTER 14. Lock Offset: If you don’t want to change the offset values in the grid as well as in the drawing. 2. AutoPlotter will display the nearest chainage. If there is no chainage available. Interval: The vertical scale shows elevation readings at a particular interval.Goto Section > Generate Cross Section. 14-12 ICS .0 Sections You can also move to a particular chainage by directly entering the chainage in the space provided for Chainage. For more information on printing refer chapter 12. Txt. Lock RL: If you don’t want to change the elevation (RL) values in the grid as well as in the drawing. Click the Next button to continue to Table Settings dialog box as shown in figure 14-16. RL and Camber of individual routes will be present here. for example. then enter a name in the name field box. follow the steps mentioned above. The following terms in table settings are: Group Defined: In this group.Now click the OGL and press the Save button. A3. 3. Partial: Select this option to plot CS only for a certain chainage only. and A4 sheet sizes. Orientation: You can set the orientation of the paper according to your requirement. To change the order of the items in the table. The template file will be a *. then select User defined in Paper size. if you want the profile in A0.AUTOPLOTTER Name: Enter a name for a page setting. CS will be plotted at 10 m intervals. This name will be displayed in CS as specified here. enter it here. See “Define Areas” ICS 14-13 .APD format. click the Edit button to modify the name. To add the group items into the final table content. select the group number from the group list for which you require the profile. Complete: Select this option to plot CS for all the chainages. if you require CS at different intervals. click the > button. Paper Size: Select the paper size from the list. Save: Click the save button to save the paper settings made. click the < button. select the items in the final table content and press the ^ button. To edit the name. Caption: By default it will be the name of the item selected in the group. You can also display the area items for Fill and Cut separately. Group: It is the route group created under Routes. provided it is defined in the Define Area menu. Interval: By default. In the From field box. In case you need to change. Width and Height: Automatically the width and height of the paper will be set on selecting the Paper size. the items such as Offset. Similarly to create multiple paper settings. enter the ending chainage Use Template File: Checkmark this option to use a template from file. Select Portrait or Landscape depending on your plotting format. Select the item you want to add for the table in CS.0 Sections Figure 14-15: Cross Section Area Report Figure 14-16: Cross Section Area Report the start chainage and in the To field box. enter 14. Click the browse button to select the template file and click Open. and then enter the width and height in mm. To remove the items from the final table content. 14-14 ICS . Horizontal or None. Table line. Enter the row height as per requirement. Grid: Select this option to get grid lines on the CS. Display Intersections: On checkmarking this. Table Row height: It is the coordinate table row height. If donot want any lines in between the section. the offsets in the CS table will be displayed as positive values for left and right side. Click the Generate button to plot and view the Cross Section. the intersection offsets and Rl points of the FRL and OGL line will be displayed in the CS table Layout : Total Rows : Enter the number of rows for which the CS is to be plotted along the X axis Total Columns : Enter the number of columns for which the CS is to be plotted along the Y axis Row Spacing: Enter the CS spacing along the Y axis Column Spacing: Enter the CS spacing along the X axis 5. The following terms are described below. Grid Spacing: It is the spacing of the grid box on the cross section.0 Sections Figure 14-17: Display Settings Window scale for Chainage and Y Scale is the Vertical Scale for Elevation. Header Width: It is the spacing between the Datum line and the Table row.AUTOPLOTTER Select the area item in the Area List box. 4. Datum: Enter the datum level or else by default Auto will automatically calculate the minimum level and be used for Datum. The options are Vertical. No Grid: This is the plotting style of the CS. Enter the spacing value here. Table Text ht: It is the text height for the text in table row. then checkmark this option. Enter the value in the format 1 : 1000. If the left side offsets is to be displayed with negative values. then select this option. -ve Sign for Offset: By default. Elevation Text Ht: it is the elevation values text size or text height. X Scale and Y Scale: The X scale is the Horizontal 14. After the table settings are made. and then click the V button to include it in the CS display. You need to specify the Grid Spacing to display the grid lines on the CS Header Alignment: Select the alignment of the header or caption in the table row. Y Interval: Enter the Elevation interval to be displayed in CS. press the Next button to continue for Display settings as shown in figure 14-17. Axis and Grid by clicking the color palette button. Vertical Lines: Select this option if you require vertical lines drawn in between section. Color: You can set color for Elevation text. 7 Cross Sectional Areas 14. Similarly enter 0 in the From Offset and right side offset value in To text box for the right area.0 Sections The cross sectional areas can be obtained between the proposed level and existing ground level present in the Routes data. A Area definition for routes window will appear as shown in Fig 14-18 Figure 14-18: Area Definition Window Follow the steps to define area: 1. enter the Rl value.5. etc) or angles (30.AUTOPLOTTER 14.Select the option End to End or Fixed offset. For example: if the area is to be calculated for left and right side for fill and cut separately. 1/2.Name: Specify a name 4. 9.Add: Click the add button to add a field name 3. CS area can be obtained in 2 ways. Define Area: Goto Section > Define Areas.1. If the slope is vertical. ICS 14-15 .7.Side Slope: Enter the side slopes for left and right in the SS Left and SS Right box. The End to End option will calculate the area from the left toe to the right toe. Area Report: The area sheet can be generated and saved to Excel format 14.Save: Click the save button to save the current area defined. The Fixed option will allow the user to specify the offset in the Offset from & To text box. 45. The slope can be entered in V/H (1/1. then select the route item in From Layer list box and in the Datum text box. The area can also be defined for left and right side separately and be displayed along with the CS and can also be computed between a fixed datum value and a ground level. 1. 90).Caption: The caption will display the name of the area in the CS. 8.Choose the option Cut Area or Fill Area 7. then enter the left side offset value in the From Offset text box and 0 in the To text box. the route names will appear as defined in the Routes 2. Enter a name here 5. Define Area: Areas can be defined here to display along with the cross section 2.Select Group: Select the group number from the combo box. If area is to be calculated for a fixed datum Rl. In the From Layer and To Layer list box. 6.Select the route items in the From Layer and To Layer for which the area is required. then enter 90. 0 Sections Delete: To delete the existing definition.Select the option End to End or Fixed offset. The Fixed option will allow the user to specify the offset in the Offset from & To text box. In the From Layer and To Layer list box. 45. etc) or angles (30. Similarly enter 0 in the From Offset and right side offset value in To text box for the right area. the route names will appear as defined in the Routes 2.Select Group: Select the group number from the combo box.5.AUTOPLOTTER 14. then enter 90.Side Slope: Enter the side slopes for left and right in the SS Left and SS Right box. select the area item defined and click the delete button Close the window when done 14. 90). 9. The End to End option will calculate the area from the left toe to the right toe. The slope can be entered in V/H (1/1. Delete: To delete the existing definition.2. then enter the left side offset value in the From Offset text box and 0 in the To text box. If the slope is vertical. 8. 1/2. A Area report window will appear as shown in Fig 14-19 Figure 14-19: Area Report Follow the steps to calculate area: 1.7.Save: Click the save button to save the current area defined. select the area item defined and click the delete button Close the window when done 14-16 ICS .Select the route items in the From Layer and To Layer for which the area is required 3. Area Report: Goto Section > Area Report. For example: if the area is to be calculated for left and right side for fill and cut separately.