Designation: C827/C827M – 10Standard Test Method for Change in Height at Early Ages of Cylindrical Specimens of Cementitious Mixtures1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation C827/C827M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. 1. Scope* C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of 1.1 This test method covers the determination of change in Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube height of cylindrical specimens from the time of molding until Specimens) the mixture is hard. C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag- 1.2 This test method covers height change measurements at gregates early ages for cementitious mixtures of paste, grout, mortar, C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), and concrete. Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete 1.3 This test method is intended for determination of C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement changes in height that occur from the time of placement until Concrete the specimen is fully hard. These include shrinkage or expan- C185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement sion due to hydration, settlement, evaporation, and other Mortar physical and chemical effects. C191 Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units Cement by Vicat Needle are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each Test Specimens in the Laboratory system shall be used independently of the other. Combining C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement values from the two systems may result in non-conformance Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency with the standard. C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the Mixtures by Penetration Resistance safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- for Test Methods for Construction Materials priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- C807 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Mortar by Modified Vicat Needle 1.6 The text of this test method references notes and C939 Test Method for Flow of Grout for Preplaced- footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone Method) and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the C953 Test Method for Time of Setting of Grouts for test method. Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory C1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar 2. Referenced Documents 3. Terminology 2.1 ASTM Standards:2 3.1 Definitions—The terms used in this test method are defined in Terminology C125. 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 3.2.1 early-age change in height, n—the measured increase C09.68 on Volume Change. Current edition approved June 15, 2010. Published July 2010. Originally or decrease in height of a laterally confined cylindrical test approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C827–01a(2005). DOI: specimen from the time of molding to when the mixture 10.1520/C0827_C0827M-10. 2 becomes hard. The user may want to define this age as the time For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at
[email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM when a companion specimen of the same batch has reached the Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on time of final setting by Test Method C191 (paste), C953 the ASTM website. (mortar or grout), C403/C403M (concrete), or establish a *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard. Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. 1 The 16-mm rod shall be used with of materials that have no reaction with the cementitious concrete. Lima.1 This test method provides a means for comparing the light source is cast on the indicating chart about 5 m [15 ft] relative shrinkage or expansion of cementitious mixtures. a magnifying lens system such 4. grouts.] from the indicator ball. a lamp and a condensing lens of attaching this chart vertically and firmly to a distant wall. appropriate for most uses of this test method.4 mm [15⁄8 in. or paste).] nor less than 6 mm [1⁄4 in..1 mm [51⁄4 in. Three sizes of molds are used in this test method with heights NOTE 1—Placing a sheet of transparent glass or plastic between the of 100. has a focal length of 50. mixture during the test period.] nylon plastic indicator ball has been found acceptable for from each batch to be tested simultaneously using duplicate most tests and is available from U.] provide information on volume changes taking place in cemen. grout. 5.2 Mg/m3 has been found cast as the defined age to record the final measurement.2 This test method can be used for research purposes to [41⁄2 in. 1) on the entire length of the vertical line. restrained from lateral movement. Apparatus (see Fig.6 and is 133. with internal height twice the internal diameter.] high by 250 mm [10 in. Significance and Use that the image of the indicator ball produced by the projected 4. 5.1-in. a spherical ball of nonabsorptive mate. patching. with a primarily useful for comparative purposes rather than as white surface and a vertical black line 2 mm [1⁄16 in.] wide.5 Molds. titious mixtures between the time just after mixing and the time of hardening.] and is located approximately 115 mm 4. cylin- movement (Note 1). rigid. The 10-mm rod shall be used with than 16 mm [5⁄8 in.S.4 Indicating Charts. and mortars where all FIG. 1 Apparatus for Early Change in Height 2 . sufficient intensity to adequately project a light beam on a wall 5. and relative aperture of f1. Test Specimen 6. 1390 Neubrecht Rd. drical in shape. OH 45801. It NOTE 3—One magnifying lens system that has been found acceptable would be appropriate to use this test method as a basis for consists of two lenses: a projection and a relay lens enclosed in a sealed prescribing mixtures having restricted or specified volume tube. absolute values.] in length rial with a density that is 55 6 5 % of the density of the and the other 16 mm [5⁄8 in.1 Projected Light Source.2 Indicator Ball. from the relay lens. 300 mm [4.] horizontal graduations above and below the zero line 5. cast iron. composed of stiff material approxi- is not completely unrestrained so that the measurements are mately 600 mm [24 in.6 Rods.] in diameter and approximately 300 mm [12 in. and 2-mm [0. that will continue to fill the same space at time of hardening. In this system. mounted so as not to particularly applicable to grouting. and a means for 5. Protect the test surface made of steel. the specimen used in this test method 5.]. 150. The projection lens has a focal length of 41.] wide. The density of the Changes in height are measured and expressed as a positive or cementitious mixture may be calculated from values for “unit weight” obtained using Test Method C138/C138M (concrete) or C185 (mortar. chart. in. and a specimen is subjected varies with the viscosity and degree of horizontal black line 1 mm [1⁄32 in. negative change in the height of a test specimen that is grout. identified as the zero (0) or starting line. and mortar. the relay lens is located nearer the test specimen and change before the mixture becomes hard. test apparatus.] in length. steel tamping rods: one 10 mm [3⁄8 5. Further. Plastics Corp.]. and composed paste. However. For cement pastes. C827/C827M – 10 predetermined age in minutes from the time the specimen is NOTE 2—A density of approximately 1. 6.]. and form-filling touch the test specimen when a test is in progress (see Note 3). or other nonabsorbent material specimen from heat from the light source and limit air nonreactive with the cementitious mixture being tested.3 Magnifying Lens System.1 Unless otherwise specified. prepare two test specimens 3 An 11-mm [7⁄16-in. 12 in. It is away at a magnification of 90–1103.3 6.] in diameter and approximately cementitious mixture being tested. watertight molds with a smooth interior about 5 m [15 ft] from the light source.8 mm [2 in. two straight. the degree of restraint to which the centered and running the complete length of the chart.] in width midway on the hardening of the mixture. light source and the test specimens may be beneficial. operations where the objective is to completely fill a cavity or and having a separate magnifying lens system for each other defined space with a freshly mixed cementitious mixture specimen tested simultaneously. having a diameter not more 600 mm [24 in.. taking care not to touch the of the flow table in 3 s is 145 or less. Adjust recommended by the manufacturer.2 Determine the consistency of the mixtures by the flow surface of the test specimen. use sufficient mixing water to produce a slump of 90 each test specimen until a sharp.2 Apparatus Calibration—Calibrate the entire apparatus laboratory mixer in accordance with the applicable provisions prior to the start of each test. and place the dummy test specimens concrete by the slump test in accordance with the applicable (preferably hardened test specimens) in the light beam before portions of Test Method C143/C143M. For cementitious mixtures containing a flow above 125 when tested by the preceding modification of aggregate that will not all pass through a 4. place a few drops of medium-weight motor oil on the freely and to avoid damage to the paddle and bowl.5-mm [1⁄2-in.]. with Practice C192/C192M. Complete these activities in not more than 5 min after completion of mixing unless otherwise NOTE 5—The mechanical mixer described in Practice C305 is a suitable mixer. For concrete mixtures having particles retained on mixture should have a time of efflux of 10 to 30 s when tested the 12.1 General—Bring all materials to a temperature of 23 6 each specimen. satisfactory for most tests. Darken the room. for the intended application. and magnifying lens system toward or pourable. During the test. Place a steel rod of known diameter (see Note 4) 9. Fabricate 300-mm [12-in. Determine the consistency of the projected light source. Pastes. Reposition the indicating charts so that the indicating ball sequence of mixing shall be in accordance with Practice C305. images fall on the zero lines. Then tap cementitious mixtures to be tested. use the amount of water suggested by the manufacturer surface substantially free of vibration during the test.1 Fabricate 100-mm and 150-mm [4-in.] mold. Molding Specimens zero line.75-mm sieve. However. Mortars made with aggregates free to evaporate to the atmosphere.1 General—Minimize any sources of light not required water to produce a flow of 135 6 5. but Test Method C109/C109M but not less than 30 s when tested which will all pass the 12.] sieve or larger. the clearances between paddle and bowl specified in this specified.2. 8. Record ambient air containing particles coarser than the 850-µm sieve may require special temperature and humidity. use the 150-mm using the flow-cone procedure of Test Method C939. the clear. C827/C827M – 10 the aggregate will pass through a 4.] speci- horizontally on top of each indicator ball and record the height mens by filling the mold in a continuous pouring operation for of the image it produces on its respective indicating chart. Record this time as the start of the test. conduct tests with test specimens that are are finer than the 850-µm (No.0 °C [73 6 3 °F] before mixing.] mold.] by the flow-cone procedure. Place all the mixing water the position of the test specimens horizontally until the images in the mixing bowl prior to introduction of the other materials of the indicator balls on the indicating charts are sharp and for the batch.2. carefully place test in accordance with the applicable provisions of Test additional drops of oil on the test specimen surface by an Method C1437. material is anticipated. unless otherwise projected light source and the magnifying lens system. the flow after 5 drops eyedropper or other suitable means. The pourable mixtures or in three layers with consolidation of each ratio of the image height to the actual rod diameter is the layer by tapping the outside of the mold ten times with a magnification of the lens system. For mortar materials that are not premixed. Tap the indicator ball lightly so that approxi- 2. and Grouts: indicator balls can adjust to their own natural displacement 8. If not 7.] specimens in accordance away from the indicating chart can change the magnification.2 Screed off the surface of the test specimen to the top of the dummy test specimens and do not change the relative the mold. use the 300-mm [12-in. The consistency should be deter- use a single projected light source for both test specimens with mined and the values recorded for all tests. and unless otherwise each of the magnifying lens systems. In cases where extreme shrinkage or expansion of locations of the test apparatus during the test.] sieve. A fluid [6-in. 10.1 Place an indicator ball in the center of the surface of 8. Moving the projected light 10-mm [3⁄8-in. specified consistency shall be determined by the testing of trial batches. Fresh materials shall be used to make each trial. Calibration specified or recommended otherwise. Locate the test equipment and specimens on a grouts. use have a flow of 100 to 125. If desired. and a flowable mixture should have the 100-mm [4-in. use sufficient mixing 7.5-mm [1⁄2-in. test specimen. test specimen surface to allow an oil film to cover the exposed 8.3 Concrete—Mix concrete either manually or in a suitable 7. Procedure 8. If this procedure is used. 4) sieve. 20) sieve.] diameter rod in the case of mixtures that are not source. Remove pieces of large aggregate directly materials by mass in accordance with the specifications for the under the indicator balls.75-mm (No. clear image of the indicator 6 15 mm [31⁄2 6 1⁄2 in. Preparation of Mixtures 10. 3 . Once proper magnification (90 to 1103) is obtained. ball is produced on the indicating chart. the outer side of the molds lightly three times so that the 8. illuminate the of Practice C192/C192M. Position each specimen between the (see Note 5) for a mixing time of 4 min.2 Mortars. Other material temperatures mately one half of the ball’s diameter penetrates the test shall be used for this test method when specified. and 6-in.] twist drill bit has been found 66 mm [1⁄4 in. Then reposition the indicating chart so that the indicating ball image falls on the 9. A plastic mixture should indicator ball. remove 9. Proportion all specimen mixture. Unless test method are suitable only for mortars made with fine aggregates that otherwise specified. Adjust the location of specified. and repeat the procedure. For premixed mortars or for the tests. If a moist storage condition is clearances or a different type of paddle to permit the mixer to operate specified.1 Either hand mix or use a suitable mechanical mixer level in the mixture.] with respect to the mold height. The water required to produce the mold. duplicate magnifying lens systems and indicating charts. adjust the height of the test material to NOTE 4—The shank of a 2-mm [1⁄16-in. or qualitative consistency of the mix- intervals during the first 90 min. and record the time to the nearest 1 min (see mens are allowed to dry by exposure to the atmosphere.4 Magnification. and change in height at the NOTE 7—Automated recording of time and height is permitted as long conclusion of the test. placed in position. (mm). the (1s) and (d2s) increase (+) above the zero line and decrease (–) below the zero limits as described in Practice C670.2.2 Test Measurements—Once the test specimens are 12. ambient temperature charts as positive (+) for increase in height. and 11. and negative (–) for at time of molding specimens. shrinkage SUMMARY OF CHANGES Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this test method since the last issue. differ by more than 0. Therefore. Note 7). Keywords report the maximum change in height. in. tests by the same operator on the same material should not tive (−) for decrease. slump. (mm): positive (+) for 13.22 % change in height. read to the nearest 2-mm [0. Report all change in height and time readings from the in. respectively.3 Flow.34 % change in height.2.2. paste. Measurements may be continued after hardening. Show the 13. grout height change. Report 1.7 Magnitude and time of occurrence of maximum and nonfluid grouts. 2010) (1) Revised the standard as a dual units test method. if desired. 12. %: positive (+) for increase. results of two properly conducted tests by the same operator on the same material should not differ by more than 12. In the event that both increase and decrease result.2 The single-operator standard deviation for cement increase.3 Bias—This test method has no bias because the value average of the data as a smooth curve. at 10-min intervals for the ture. mortar. start of the test to conclusion.43 % (Note 8) change in height. maximum increase in height.2 Report the following information: expansion. of hardening of the mixture. (Approved June 15. Clearly identify all readings from the 12. H = initial height of test specimen. next 1 h.1 Number and size of specimens tested and the date. C827–01a(2005). nega. and C403/C403M for concrete decrease.6 Time interval from addition of the dry materials to the mixing water in the mixer to the time of start of test. paste has been found to be 0. indicator balls as projected on the indicating charts at 5-min 12.2. I = indicating chart reading.2. results of two properly conducted °H = change in height. as requirements for precision and accuracy are met 12. change in height at time mixtures. negative (−) for decrease in height.2.8 Appearance of bleed water on the test specimen surface during the test period. 14.2 Source and identification of all materials used in the until the completion of the test. and ambient temperature and decrease in height. and M = magnification of lens system.1 change in height. touch.2. as percent versus time. NOTE 6—Time of hardening may be taken as the time of final setting as determined by Test Methods C191 for cement pastes. 12. in height. with NOTE 8—These numbers represent. cementitious mixtures. C807 for mortars 12. Therefore. 14. do not jar. 11.2.5 Temperature of the test mixture. Data were from tests of specimens 4 line.1-in. in. and at 20-min intervals thereafter until the mixture 12. C827/C827M – 10 10. 12. Calculate the maximum of the change in height can only be defined in terms of a test change in height using the largest indicating chart reading method.1 Change in Height of Specimen—Calculate the changes in height of the test specimens as follows: 13. has hardened (Note 6). concrete.1 Plot the changes in height as points on a graph. obtained during the test period and report as increase or decrease. relative humidity throughout the test period if the test speci- tion vertically.12 % (Note 8) where: change in height. C953 for fluid grouts.] gradua. that may impact the use of this test method. Precision and Bias °H 5 ~I/MH! 3 100 (1) 13. Calculation 12.2. 4 . or move the test apparatus 12.9 Any other information that may be pertinent.1 Precision—The single-operator standard deviation for sand/cement mixtures has been found to be 0. Record movements of the mixtures. United States.org (e-mail).org). 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