ASTM C580 Mortar Flexural

Designation: C 580 – 02Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength and Modulus of Elasticity of Chemical- Resistant Mortars, Grouts, Monolithic Surfacings, and Polymer Concretes1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 580; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. 1. Scope E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines3 1.1 This test method covers the determination of flexural 3. Terminology strength and modulus of elasticity in flexure of cured chemical- resistant materials in the form of molded rectangular beams. 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test These materials include mortars, brick and tile grouts, struc- method, see Terminology C 904. tural grouts, machinery grouts, monolithic surfacings (60 mils 4. Significance and Use or greater), and polymer concretes. These materials shall be based on resin, silicate, silica, or sulfur binders. 4.1 This test method is generally applicable to rigid and 1.2 A bar of rectangular cross section is tested in flexure as semirigid materials. Although flexural strength cannot be a simple beam in center point loading: the bar rests on two determined for those materials that do not break, tangent supports and the load is applied by means of a loading nose modulus of elasticity can be determined. midway between supports. 4.2 The results obtained by this test method should serve as 1.3 Method A outlines the testing procedure generally used a guide in, but not as the sole basis for, selection of a for systems containing aggregate less than 0.2 in. (5 mm) in chemical-resistant material for a particular application. No size. Method B covers the testing procedure generally used for attempt has been made to incorporate into this test method all systems containing aggregate from 0.2 to 0.4 in. (10 mm) in the various factors that may affect the performance of a size. Method C is used for systems containing aggregate larger material when subjected to actual service. than 0.4 in. 4.3 In addition to the tangent modulus of elasticity, a secant 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded modulus is calculated at the point on the stress-strain (load- as standard. Within this text, the SI units shown in parentheses deflection) graph where the strain is 50 % of the maximum are provided for information only. strain. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5. Apparatus safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 5.1 Weighing Equipment, shall be capable of weighing priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- materials or specimens to 60.3 % accuracy. bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5.2 Equipment for Mixing Materials, shall consist of a container of suitable size, preferably corrosion-resistant, a 2. Referenced Documents spatula, trowel, or mechanical mixer, and a 3⁄8 in. diameter rod 2.1 ASTM Standards: with a rounded end, for use in casting specimens. C 904 Terminology Relating to Chemical Resistant Nonme- 5.3 Specimen Molds: tallic Materials2 5.3.1 Method A—Molds to permit the casting of bars 1 6 1⁄16 in. (25 6 1 mm) square by 10 in. (250 mm) minimum C 1312 Practice for Making and Conditioning Chemical- Resistant Sulfur Polymer Cement Concrete Test Speci- length. mens in the Laboratory2 5.3.1.1 For sulfur mortars, the following additional equip- ment is required: (a) Cover Plate, of a size sufficient to enclose the open side 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C03 on of the bar mold. The base plate from another similar bar mold Chemical-Resistant Nonmetallic Materials and is the direct responsibility of has been found to be acceptable. Subcommittee C03.01 on Test Methods. Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published December 2002. Originally published as C 580 – 65T. Last previous edition C 580 – 98. 2 3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. 1 2. Cover the bolt hole in the mold end piece with 1 in. including the cure period unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer. mens.2 Resin.3 kg) of sulfur bar specimens for each material tested.2 Sulfur Mortars—The material shall be maintained at securely over the bar mold. 6.4. 6. apparatus.4.4. the specimens shall be rectangular continually “top-off” the pour as shrinkage occurs (approxi- beams with cross section as in 5.1 Resin. 1 in.1 Lubricate the mold by applying a thin film of an 5. C 580 – 02 (b) C-Clamp. Fill the molds and at least three times the nominal maximum size of the one-half full. Record the in the mold.4.7 Carefully watch the end of the fresh casting and 6.3 For Method C. strike off the excess material. ment shall be permitted. for Method C specimens.1.3 Specimen Preparation Temperature: 6. 6.5 Loading Nose and Supports—The loading nose and report section under Conditioning Procedure.4. use in accordance with Practices E 4. 6. (25 mm). fill each mold completely.) 6 1 mm) square by 10 to 14 in. even with the top of the mold. Silicate. mold. working down into the previously placed portion. It shall have been verified to have an 6.3.2. supporting it in such a corresponding proportions by weight shall be reported.4.4 Stand the mold on end. the material.3. Conditioning temperature of the materials. Fill the length shall be at least three times the beam depth plus 2 in.3. Silica.3. No other treat- of load versus deflection.4. 6. mm) masking tape or other material. than 80 % before testing.4 Molding Test Specimens: (f) Masking Tape. molds.0 % or better within twelve months of the time of ering during the curing period.3 Silicate Materials—Some silicates may require cov- accuracy of 1. large enough to fasten the cover plate 6. Test Specimens covering only one of the end pieces.1 Assemble the mold described in 5.1 All specimens for a single determination shall be made the mold and cover plate in such a manner as to hold the from a single mix containing sufficient amounts of the com. of sufficient capacity to completely pour one bar. of such a type and speed to be and mixing equipment shall be 275 6 15°F (135 6 8°C). and Silicate Materials—Age the test temperature of the mixing area shall be 73 6 4°F (23 6 2°C).4.4 Sulfur Mortars: indentation. the components shall be weighed and the 6. being careful not manufacturer of the materials.4. 275 6 15°F. at 73 6 4°F (23 6 2°C) and relative humidity less actual temperature. capable of lifting the aggregate without beating air into the unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer. 1⁄4 in. allowing 6. the NOTE 1—The nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate is that size tops of the specimens should extend slightly above the tops of next larger than the largest sieve on which at least 15 % of the coarse aggregate by weight is retained. Upon completion of the filling operation. in. and Silica Materials—The standard 7. manner that it will not tip. and Silica Materials—Mix a sufficient 5.4. 6.6 Using the ladle. for Method A specimens.2.4 Testing Machine—The testing machine shall be of any material to remain in the mold until it has set sufficiently to type sufficient to provide the required load and the rate of allow removal without danger of deformation or breakage. (305 to 406 mm) long. Record the method of treatment in the 5.4. (The mixer 6. (25 aggregate without beating air into the melt.1 For Method A. ity to melt the sulfur mortar sample and maintain the tempera. the span plus 2 to 12 in.2. supports shall have cylindrical surfaces. 6. Practice C 1312. Refer to melt. ture of the melt between 260 and 290°F (127 and 143°C). Permit the 5. remainder of the mold. ponents in the proportions and in the manner specified by the 6. longitudinal mold pieces firmly in place with the cover plate. Record the actual temperature. the specimens shall be 2 6 1⁄8 in. 6.3. (e) Ladle. temperature of the mixing area shall be 73 6 4°F (23 6 2°C). The temperature of the molds and the ambient (c) Melting Chamber. After removal from the molds. specimens for a period of seven days. (25 the molten material to just reach the upper end of the mold.1 Resin. deflection prescribed.4.3 Remove the uncovered end piece. 2 .2 Specimen Size: speed should be controlled so that it is sufficient to lift the 6.3. (25 and 1⁄2 in.4.4.4.1 for the speci- 1⁄8 in. the radius of the nose and supports shall be at least 6. if required. for Method B specimens.3 and with a length equal to mately three times). (254 to 356 mm) long.4. specified by the manufacturer of the materials. 6. (300 mm) minimum length. When the molds have been filled. apparatus.5 Sulfur Concrete—Refer to Practice C 1312.2 Carefully place the cover plate onto the mold. Apply a C-clamp around 6. If the proportions so specified to disturb the side bars. (50 6 3 mm) square by 12 in. and the ambient 7. Remove any entrapped air by using a cutting and coarse aggregate in the polymer concrete (Note 1). the specimen shall be 1 6 1⁄16 in.1 Number of Specimens—Prepare a minimum of six test 6. the molds. while stirring gently with the laboratory mixer. (51 to 305 mm). in accordance with the an appropriate device to record deflection and produce a graph recommendations given by the manufacturer.5 Slowly melt approximately 5 lb (2.3. are by volume.4.2 Method B—Molds to permit the casting of bars 2 6 1⁄8 appropriate mold release or lubricant.2 For Method B. 6.4.4.3 For Sulfur Concrete. 6 1 mm) square by 12 to 16 in.3 Method C—Molds to permit casting of rectangular amount of the components in the proportions and in the manner beams shall have a minimum cross-sectional dimension of 2 in.3. To avoid excessive 6. Additional specimens mortar in the melt chamber at a temperature of 275 6 15°F may be required to establish the cross head speed in 9. or an equivalent. (d) Laboratory Mixer. The bar stabbing motion with a spatula or rounded-end rod. 6. It shall be equipped with acid-treat the specimens. of sufficient volume and heat capac. Silicate. in. and shall be expressed in psi (MPa).01 6 0. lbf/in. Center the beam over the specimen supports.1. in. condition the speci. be measured by either a transducer under the specimen and in contact with it at the center of the span.1 in.2.1 Method A—The span shall be 9 6 0. of the motion of the loading nose relative to the supports. C 580 – 02 7.3. psi and without shock. (mm).3 Mixing ratio and component weights. within the elastic limit. load at such a rate that constantly increases the extreme fiber b = width of beam tested. (230 6 2 where: mm).00167 3 L2 Speed 5 d (1) 9.3.1 Report the following information: 8.1. in. in.2. 8. d = depth of beam tested. in. 8. (mm).2 Method B—The span shall be 10 6 0. The load may be applied rapidly up to (GPa).86 and 1.2 Sulfur Materials—Before testing. S = stress in the specimen at midspan. lbf (or N). generic type. and d = depth of beam tested. approximately 50 % of the breaking load. portion of the load-deformation curve and calculating as 8. M1 = slope of the tangent to the initial straight-line portion 8. the L = span.025 mm) corresponding strain.2 The testing machine shall be set up to test the specimens follows: in simple bending with two supports and the load being applied ET 5 L3 M1/4 bd3 (3) by means of a loading nose midway between the supports.2 For sulfur concrete. and 9. It shall be calculated as follows: speed = the cross head speed. calculated by drawing a tangent line to the steepest initial sion near the middle of the beam’s length and average them. in.1. bar dimensions. (mm).001 per tion. Precision and Bias 11. psi (GPa).1 Measurement of Specimens—Measure the depth and of elasticity is the ratio. 9.2 Method used. in. and secant modulus of elasticity.3 Cross Head Speed: of the load-deflection curve. and testing span. (254 6 3 L = span.2 Modulus of Elasticity (Tangent)—The tangent modulus 8. mm).3 Modulus of Elasticity (Secant): machine to produce a cross head speed as determined by the 9.21 MPa/min). Report 8.1. Deflection shall lot number. and d = depth of beam tested. in./min (mm/min). set the testing 9.5 Test conditions (temperature and humidity). It shall be expressed in psi (GPa). of stress to width of all test specimens to the nearest 0.4 Place the specimen in the testing machine in such a point on the load deflection curve where the deflec- manner that the faces of the beam that were in contact with the tion = 50 % of the maximum deflection. (mm). lbf/in. 10.3. 0.7 Individual and average results of flexural strength. 10.001 in. and when calculated in accordance with 9. 8. 8. (mm). Procedure 9. The time between casting the specimens and P = the maximum load at or prior to the moment of crack testing the specimens shall be at least 24 h. (mm).4 Conditioning procedure and duration in days. in.1 The secant modulus of elasticity is the ratio of stress to following formula: corresponding strain at any specified point of the stress strain curve. Thereafter. and 2 %.1 Manufacturer. (mm).6 Load-deflection curve for each specimen tested. and without load) and record load deflection data.1. (N/mm) deflec- 8. 10. It is calculated as follows: S 5 3 PL/2 bd2 (2) 11.1 Flexural Strength—The flexural strength is equal to the tangent modulus of elasticity. (mm).1 Stop the test when the specimen breaks or the load 10.1 Precision and bias for this test method have not been where: established. in. or by the measurement 10. b = width of beam tested. It is using a micrometer. Calculations 10.5 Apply the load to the specimen at the speed calculated in 10.2. b = width of beam tested. or break.3. stress between 125 and 175 psi/min (0. apply the L = span.1 in. and the center loading nose. load the specimen continuously ES = the secant modulus of elasticity in bending.3 Method C—The span shall be beam depth times 3 6 d = depth of beam tested. Make two measurements for each dimen.3. 3 . in.1 In order to achieve a strain rate of 0.3 If longer or shorter conditioning time is used. (mm). psi (MPa). until rupture occurs. (0. 10. 7.5. (mm).1 (this is the cross head speed of the machine when running 10. M2 = the slope of a line drawn from the origin through the 8. (mm). drops off 25 % from its highest value. stress calculated at maximum load.2 Under this procedure the secant modulus of elasticity shall be calculated at the point at which the deflection is 50 % where: of the maximum deflection. where: 8. conditioning time shall be reported. (N/ true plane surfaces of the mold are in contact with the supports mm). 8. ET = tangent modulus of elasticity in bending. in. minute at the top and bottom of the beam.1.1.1. mens at 73 6 4°F. product trade name. ES 5 L3 M2/4 bd3 (4) L = span. X1.1 brick mortars. linear region (Fig.3. monolithic surfac- 11. must be compensated for to give the corrected zero point X1. This is by dividing the stress at any point along the line BD (or its extended to intersect the strain axis at point B. M1 will be the (intersect) on the strain or deflection axis. FIG.1 Stress-Strain Curve (Hookean (Linear) Region) 4 .1). than 15 %. machinery grouts. resin materials.3 If any strength value differs from the mean by more ings. or the strain at the same point (measured from point B.2 In the case of a material exhibiting a region of will be the slope of the line BE. that value shall be rejected and the mean recalcu- lated. This intersection (B) is the corrected zero. 11. APPENDIX (Nonmandatory Information) X1. Repeat this process until all test values are within 15 % sulfur materials.2. Hookean (linear) behavior (Fig. the same kind of toe correction for strain point from which all deflections or strains must be the zero-strain point can be made by constructing a tangent to measured. polymer concrete.1) there is a B. tile grouts of the mean. X1. silicate materials. defined as zero-strain). X1. The deflection (strain) BG is one-half of the values of such parameters as modulus and strain. this effect corrected maximum strain BH. flexural strength. defined as improper seating of the specimen.3 In the case of a material that does not exhibit any zero-stress axis. It is a portion of the curve that reflects some the stress at any point along the line BE (or its extension) by displacement caused by a takeup of slack. the test shall be rerun.3. a continuation of the linear (CD) region of the curve is constructed through the X1. misalignment. M2 X1.2 Test specimens that are manifestly faulty should be 12.1. For the calculation shown in 9. X1. TOE COMPENSATION X1.2). AC.3. The tangent modulus of elasticity can be determined the maximum slope at the inflection point (C*).2.2. modulus of elasticity.1 In a typical stress-strain curve (Fig.1 If less than two-thirds of the values remain. The secant modulus of elasticity (at toe region. C 580 – 02 11. and modulus of elasticity. that does not represent a property of the 50 % of maximum deflection) can be determined by dividing material. Keywords rejected and not considered in determining the flexural strength 12.1 The calculations will be the same as in X1.2. extension) by the strain at the same point (measured from point X1. chemical resistant.1 For the calculation shown in 9. In order to obtain correct zero-strain). slope of the line BD. 2 Stress-Strain Curve (no linear region) 5 . C 580 – 02 FIG. X1. org). C 580 – 02 ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. are entirely their own responsibility. and the risk of infringement of such rights. which you may attend. or through the ASTM website (www. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards. 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