ASME B30.9

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Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASMEThu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30.9 Slings B30.9 Slings 1998-08-31 - ADDENDA B August 31, 1998 1997-09-22 - ADDENDA A September 22, 1997 The American Society of Mechanical Engineers SLINGS AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD SAFETY STANDARD FOR CABLEWAYS, CRANES DERRICKS, HOISTS, HOOKS, JACKS, AND SLINGS ASME B30.9-1996 (Revision of ASME B30.9-1990) The American Society of Mechanical Engineers AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD SLINGS SAFETY STANDARD FOR CABLEWAYS, CRANES, DERRICKS, HOISTS, HOOKS, JACKS, AND SLINGS ASME B30.9-1996 (Revision of ASME B30.9-1990) Date of Issuance: November 29, 1996 The 1996 edition of this Standard is being issued with an automatic addenda subscription service. The use of an addenda allows revisions made in response to public review comments or committee actions to be published on a regular yearly basis; revisions published in addenda will become effective 1 year after the Date of Issuance of the addenda. The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2001. ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Standard. The interpretations will be included with the above addenda service. Interpretations are not part of the addenda to the Standard. ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30.9 Slings This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Consensus Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment which provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large. ASME does not "approve," "rate," or "endorse" any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity. ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable Letters Patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard. ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations issued in accordance with governing ASME procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers 345 East 47th Street New York, NY 10017 Copyright 1996 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A. •Page iii• FOREWORD (This Foreword is not part of ASME B30.9-1996.) Page 2 Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30.9 Slings This American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the American National Standards Institute (formerly the United States of America Standards Institute). This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standards for Cranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, was presented to the annual meeting of the ASME. Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920 to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron and Steel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering Standards Committee (later changed to American Standards Association and subsequently to the USA Standards Institute), Department of Labor - State of New Jersey, Department of Labor and Industry - State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. On June 11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee's recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors. In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to a Sectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out October 2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29 national organizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943, was created from the eight-page document referred to in the first paragraph. This document was reaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard. Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industry in safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval Facilities Engineering Command, U.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized as an American National Standards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 national organizations. The format of the previous code was changed so that separate volumes (each complete as to construction and installation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation) would cover the different types of equipment included in the scope of B30. In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Page 3 Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public health and safety. The suggestions leading to accident prevention are given both as mandatory and advisory provisions.) OFFICERS P. and Slings (The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard. and changing environmental and industry needs. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard. Hooks. in accordance with the format described in Section III. the administrative or regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the _______________________________________________________________ Page iv use of other devices or methods. In case of practical difficulties. was approved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on February 7.Chair B. or unnecessary hardship.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30.Secretary COMMITTEE PERSONNEL Page 4 . 1996. which was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME. Closson. operating under procedures developed by ASME and accredited by the American National Standards Institute. Hoists. S. This volume of the Standard. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate. •Page v• ASME B30 COMMITTEE Safety Standards for Cableways.9 Slings Committee. before rendering decisions on disputed points. administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee. Pang.Vice Chair J. Derricks. new data. Zorich. new developments. This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to government and other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspection of the equipment falling within its scope. Revisions result from committee consideration of factors such as technological advances. compliance with both types may be required by employers of their employees. but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree of protection is thereby secured. D. Jacks. Cranes. Columbus McKinnon Corp. Parry.Leonard Construction Co. W.National Crane Corp. N. Quinn. Rowland. CRANE.Alternate . NATIONAL CONSTRUCTORS ASSOCIATION M. Jones Construction ASSOCIATED WIRE ROPE FABRICATORS D. Ernhart. Wolff. W. L. Peterson. Buck. Crowley. NATIONAL ERECTORS ASSOCIATION B. K. Equipment Manufacturers Institute FORGING INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION G. AND SHOVEL ASSOCIATION BUREAU OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (CIMA) N.J.International Union of Operating Engineers S. Marburg.General Motors Corp. J. Inc. C. Conant Crane Rental Co. Christensen.Alternate . Conant. F. Hargreaves. J.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. E. FMC Construction Equipment Corp. ASSOCIATED GENERAL CONTRACTORS OF AMERICA C. ______________________________________________________________________________ Page 5 . Inc. J. C.9 Slings ALLIANCE OF AMERICAN INSURERS T.Alternate . Local 150 MOTOR VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION R. A. Bechtel Leasing Inc. Weir. G. Sayenga. D. POWER. F.. Ryan. C. Huneycutt. R..Alternate .Boh Bros.Alternate . J.Alternate . Jr. A. Hoffa. Smith. E. Jr. Inc. H.Bethlehem Steel EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS INSTITUTE D.. Norris Brothers Co. Construction Co. Bishop Lifting Products. ASSOCIATION OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT MANAGERS H. Livermore.Liberty Mutual Insurance Co. Bishop. J. INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS W.Terex Corp.Associated Wire Rope Fabricators D. E. Columbus McKinnon Corp. ASSOCIATION OF IRON AND STEEL ENGINEERS J. E. ABB C-E Services.International Union of Operating Engineers. Ireland. L.OSHA Page 6 .Howard I.FKI Industries. Department of Labor . Shapiro & Associates B. Jr. F.3M Co. INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS R.. Romsos. C. Heppner. DeBenedictis. W. J. Leidich.Material Handling Crane Systems. Chlad.Alternate .U. Inc H.Alternate .Naval Facilities Engineering Command J. W.Alternate . Bolen. Inc. Johnson. L. Inc. Dickinson. D. Inc. Henninger. Paulsen Wire Rope Corp. W. M. Hoff.Consultant R. J. A. STEEL PLATE FABRICATORS ASSOCIATION D. O'Gary. Downs Crane and Hoist Co.Alternate . B.S. 3M Co. Closson.Crane Institute of America. Brown-Minneapolis Tank U. J. Naval Facilities Engineering Command WIRE ROPE TECHNICAL BOARD L. D.American Equipment J. Klibert. E.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. L. S. Bob DeBenedictis. Army U. A.Grove Worldwide J. H. J..Alternate . Langlinais. Ingersoll-Rand T. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY E. R. Inc. Malone.. McKosky. Rudy. Headley.Alternate . R. DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY P. G. D. Chicago Bridge & Iron Co. Blanton. Inc. Means. Reisinger. S. D.S. Sauger. J. Crane Institute of America.Lift-All Co. Eckstine. Inc.S.E. W.Altemate . Inc. I.S. North American Crane Bureau West T.. W. Downs. U. Franks.Wire Rope Corp. G. du Pont de Nemours and Co.South Carolina State Port Authority J. North American Crane Bureau D. K. C. Inc. R. Shapiro.Liftex. Richardson.Alternate .9 Slings Page vi SPECIALIZED CARRIERS AND RIGGING ASSOCIATION H. E.Amclyde Engineered Products L.Mobility Technology Center. Inc. of America. W. I. Harnischfeger Industries. 2 Under third column. Harnischfeger Industries.1(a) Revised 21 Section 9-1. and B30. U.9-1996 SUMMARY OF CHANGES The 1996 edition of ASME B30. B30. R.8.9c-1994. Inc. Army Corps of Engineers R. Wild. Page Location Change _______________________________________________________________ 1 General In second paragraph.3 First paragraph added 33. Army Corps of Engineers P.9 (1)Subparagraph (c) revise (2)New subparagraph (d) ad (3)Subparagraphs (d) throu Page 7 . 8 Caption revised 17 Section 9-1. as well as the following changes identified by (96). Zorich. Rossi. Footnote 1 Revised 5 Section 9-0.3 Revised in its entirety 18 Table 1 Title revised 19 Section 9-1. D.9b-1993. an Errata to B30.9(w) Added 23 Section 9-2.OSHA A. E. B30.2 Revised Section 9-1.S. 34 9-2.Alternate .0 Revised Section 9-1.9b-1993. and corrections introduced in B30. U.9 Slings P. S. first 15 Fig. Toth.9 includes editorial changes. 8 Section 9-0.5 Revised 9-1. L.3 Revised 10 Fig. revisions. B.RZP International Limited ______________________________________________________________________________ Page vii ASME B30.S. C.1 Revised 7.Alternate . U. Gamble.Alternate .8. Inc. Scott.S.1 Revised in its entirety Section 9-1.9a-1991. Department of Labor .Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30.3 Subparagraphs (a) and (b) Section 9-2. R. 9(c) Revised 38 Table 11 Revised 47 Section 9-5. _______________________________________________________________ Page ix _______________________________________________________________ Page x _______________________________________________________________ Page xi •Page 1• INTRODUCTION (b)General This Standard is one of a series of safety standards on various subjects which have been formulated under the general auspices of the American National Standards Institute. that the Standard will find a major application Page 8 . One purpose of the Standard is to serve as a guide to governmental authorities having jurisdiction over subjects within the scope of the Standard. It is expected.3 Revised in its entirety Section 9-3. is not part of the Edition itself.5 Title and first sentence r _______________________________________________________________ SPECIAL NOTE The interpretations to ASME B30. however.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30.8.4 Revised 36 Table 10 Reference to USSWG deleted 9-3.3(a) Revised Section 9-3.9 Slings 35 Section 9-3.1(a) Revised _______________________________________________________________ Page viii 36 9-3. This section.9 are included in this Edition as a separate section for the user's convenience.8.3 First paragraph added 48 Section 9-5. however. Top Running Trolley Hoist) B30.18 Stacker Cranes (Top or Under Running Bridge. Single Girder.5.16 Overhead Hoists (Underhung) B30.25 Scrap and Material Handlers Page 9 .3 Construction Tower Cranes B30.11 Monorails and Underhung Cranes B30.8 Floating Cranes and Floating Derricks B30. Multiple Girder With Top or Under Running Trolley Hoist) B30.4 Portal. serving as a guide to manufacturers. Underhung Hoist) B30.1 Jacks B30.15 is included in the latest edition of B30.20 Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices B30. purchasers. Tower.6 Derricks B30. The revision of B30.9 Slings B30. Single or Multiple Girder. the Standard has been divided into separate volumes: B30.13 Storage/Retrieval (S/R) Machines and Associated Equipment B30.15-1973 has been withdrawn.19 Cableways B30.22 Articulating Boom Cranes B30. and Pedestal Cranes B30.2 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running Bridge.21 Manually Lever Operated Hoists B30. and users of the equipment.24 Container Cranes B30.10 Hooks B30. B30.7 Base Mounted Drum Hoists B30.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30.14 Side Boom Tractors B30.17 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running Bridge.15 Mobile Hydraulic Cranes Note: B30.9 Slings in industry.5 Mobile and Locomotive Cranes B30.12 Handling Loads Suspended From Rotorcraft B30.23 Personnel Lifting Systems B30. For the convenience of the user. jacks. strengths. The information includes recommendations. physically and mentally qualified. and arrangement of sheaves or other parts. and similar equipment covered by the Standard. Some of the provisions of this Standard require compliance with information found in manuals or other documents supplied by the manufacturer with the equipment. hoists. cranes. or drums. Compliance with the provisions should not preclude the possibility of consulting a qualified person. size. the manuals or documents supplied by the manufacturer are no longer available. on the acceleration or speed of the ropes. and similar criteria are dependent on many different factors.. It is therefore essential to have personnel involved in the use and operation of equipment who are competent. on the loads. and trained in the safe operation of the equipment and the handling of the loads. These factors depend on the condition of the equipment or material. or the manufacturer or a successor is no Page 10 _______________________________________________________________ Page 2 . derricks. on the type of attachments. dropping or slipping of the load caused by improper hitching or slinging. Serious hazards are overloading. hooks. or modified.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. The Standards Committee fully realizes the importance of proper design factors. careful. all of which are closely connected with safety. and other limiting dimensions of wire rope or chain and their fastenings. and on many variable factors that must be considered in each individual case. sprockets. and instructions (e. and judgment used in determining their application. "the reeving shall be checked for compliance with the recommendations of the manufacturer"). on environmental conditions causing corrosion or wear. care. repaired. sheaves. on the number. The use of cableways. requirements. sprockets. and slings is subject to certain hazards that cannot be met by mechanical means but only by the exercise of intelligence. often varying with the installation and uses. and common sense. The rules given in the Standard must be interpreted accordingly. the references to other national codes and standards in the specific volumes may be changed to refer to the corresponding regulations of the governmental authorities. This is true particularly when: the equipment has been altered. minimum or maximum sizes. drums. and using equipment for a purpose for which it was not intended or designed.9 Slings If adopted for governmental use. obstructing the free passage of the load. sheaves. Sizes. chains.g. and crane runways. Three Park Avenue. This Standard does not apply to track and automotive jacks. and (c) guide governments and other regulatory bodies in the development. New York. revision. and maintenance of jacks. its application. or equipment coming within the scope of the following Committees: A10. Section I: Scope This Standard applies to the construction. (d) submit suggested changes to more than one paragraph in the order that the paragraphs appear in the volume. well-drilling derricks. especially those based on actual experience in application of the rules. monorails.9 Slings longer in business and the manuals are no longer available. power-operated cranes. shipboard cargo-handling equipment. NY 10016-5990. skip hoists. lifting devices. and should be in accordance with the following format: (a) cite the specific paragraph designation of the pertinent volume. excavating equipment. (b) provide direction to owners. and cableways. and otherwise provide for the protection of life. B56. or responsible for. and slings. inspection. shipboard cranes. railway or automobile wrecking cranes. A90. conveyors. A120. mine hoists. A17. The B30 Committee will consider each suggested change in a timely manner in accordance with its procedures. power-operated and manually operated derricks and hoists. However. installation. limb. the purpose of consulting a qualified person shall not be to avoid contacting the manufacturer and using the information supplied by the manufacturer. operation. truck body hoists. Suggestions for changes to the Standard should be submitted to the Secretary of the B30 Committee. Page 11 . (c) briefly state the reason and/or evidence for the suggested change. etc. ASME.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. employers. hooks. and B77.). (b) indicate the suggested change (addition. B20. Section II: Purpose This Standard is designed to: (a) guard against and minimize injury to workers. supervisors. A92. deletion. and property by prescribing safety requirements. and others concerned with. The Standards Committee will be glad to receive criticisms of this Standard's requirements and suggestions for its improvement. car or barge pullers. Three Park Avenue." "certify. construction. Interpretations can only be rendered in response to a written request sent to the Secretary of the B30 Committee. or activity. _______________________________________________________________ Page 3 Section IV: New and Existing Installations (a) Effective Date . The inquirer may also include any plans or drawings which are necessary to explain the question.9 Slings promulgation. ASME does not "approve. they should not contain any proprietary names or information. Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and provide a concise description. New York. NY 10016-5990. (b) New Installations . The request for interpretation should be clear and unambiguous. maintenance. which could change the intent of the original request. testing. and enforcement of appropriate safety directives. Page 12 . installation. not as a request for approval of a proprietary design or situation. ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additional information which might affect an interpretation is available.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. Further." "rate. Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the pertinent volume for which the interpretation is being requested. the B30 Committee will render an interpretation of any requirement of the Standard. Section III: Interpretations Upon request. It is further recommended that the inquirer submit his request utilizing the following format. Construction. persons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. Question: Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific requirement suitable for general understanding and use. The effective date of this volume for the purpose of defining new and existing installations shall be 1 year after its date of issuance. proprietary device. ASME. however." or "endorse" any item. Requests that are not in this format will be rewritten in this format by the Committee prior to being answered. and operation of equipment manufactured and facilities constructed after the effective date of this volume shall conform with the mandatory requirements of this volume. inspection. B30. Page 13 . and References Section 9-0. Recommended changes shall be made by the owner (user) within 1 year.S. Section 9-0.12. the advisability of which depends on the facts in each situation. the need to meet the current requirement shall be evaluated by a qualified person selected by the owner (user). dust laden or moisture laden atmospheres. and synthetic fiber rope used in conjunction with equipment described in other volumes of the B30 Standard. It is not the intent of this volume to require retrofitting of existing equipment. its performance requirement shall be reviewed relative to the current volume. Customary units are to be regarded as the standard. maintenance.9 Slings (c) Existing Installations . sewn synthetic webbing. If a provision is of an advisory nature. Section V: Mandatory and Advisory Rules Mandatory rules of this volume are characterized by use of the word shall . Slings made from materials or constructions other than those detailed in this volume shall be used only in accordance with recommendations of the sling manufacturer. except as specified in ASME B30. If the performance differs substantially. However. harmful. Section VI: Metric Conversions The values stated in U. corrosive fumes. it is indicated by use of the wordshould and is a recommendation to be considered. Definitions. testing. when an item is being modified. made from alloy steel chain. Inspection. or detrimental to or for the operation of a sling.9 Within the general scope defined in Section I. wire rope.1: Scope of B30. in accordance with the requirements of this volume. and operation of equipment manufactured and facilities constructed prior to the effective date of this volume shall be done.2: Definitions abnormal operating conditions: environmental conditions that are unfavorable. exposure to weather. such as excessively high or low ambient temperatures.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30.9 applies to slings for lifting purposes. as applicable. metal mesh. •Page 5• CHAPTER 9-0 Scope. and hazardous locations. mechanical joint: a wire rope sling made from a cable laid wire rope with eyes fabricated by pressing or swaging one or more metal sleeves over the rope junction coatings metal mesh sling coatings: a paint. When angle of loading is less than 5 deg. the load may be considered a vertical load. used as a choker. 8) (b)angle of loading: slope of a leg or branch of a sling. cross rod: a wire used to join spirals of metal mesh to form the complete fabric (see Fig.9 Slings abrasion: the mechanical wearing of a surface resulting from frictional contact with other materials or objects angle of choke (wire rope slings): angle formed in wire rope body as it passes through the choking eye (see Fig. with the attached hoisted material being out of horizontal (see Fig. 8) angle of inclination: the angle formed by the wire rope body of a sling.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. may be measured from the horizontal or vertical plane. authorized: approved by a duly constituted administrative or regulatory authority body: that part of a sling which is between the end fittings or loop eyes braided wire rope: a rope formed by plaiting component wire ropes braided wire rope sling: a sling made from braided rope bridle sling: a sling composed of multiple legs with the top ends gathered in a fitting that goes over the lifting hook cable laid rope: a cable composed of six wire ropes laid as strands around a wire rope core cable laid rope sling. 3) design factor: ratio between nominal or minimum breaking strength and rated capacity of the sling designated person: a person selected or assigned by the employer or employer's representative as being competent to perform specific duties eight-strand plaited: a rope made from eight strands arranged in four pairs in which one strand is placed adjacent to the second pair and in which each strand of Page 14 . from the vertical. (b) sealing to impede penetration of foreign particles and matter. or impregnation or molding with elastomer to impart desirable properties for the sling application synthetic web sling coatings: a finish that will impart characteristics such as: (a) abrasion resistance. (c) increased coefficient of friction. plating. thus forming the core.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. basket: a method of rigging a sling in which the sling is passed around the load and both loop eyes or end fittings are attached to the lifting device (see angle of loading ). No sleeves are used. as a percentage of the material strength prior to fabrication grommet sling: a variety of an endless sling (see endless and grommet wire rope slings) (b)hitch.9 Slings each pair has been twisted in one direction while each strand in each alternate pair has been twisted in the opposite direction and the four pairs of strands are intertwined maypole fashion such that each pair of strands passes over and under an adjacent pair of strands. or other lifting device or the load itself fabric (metal mesh): the flexible portion of the sling consisting of a series of transverse spirals and cross rods and exclusive of terminal fittings (see Fig. hand tucked: an endless wire rope sling made from one continuous length of rope formed to make a body composed of six ropes around a rope core. Page 15 . 3) fabric length (metal mesh): length of the fabric measured between the extreme ends of the spirals (see Fig. 3) fabrication efficiency: the sling assembly strength. The rope ends are tucked into the body. The strand ends are hand tucked into the body. eye opening: the opening in the end of a sling for the attachment of the hook. 4) fabric thickness (metal mesh): the fabric thickness shall be the nominal overall thickness of the spirals (see Fig. mechanical joint: a wire rope sling made endless from one continuous length of cable laid rope with the ends joined by one or more metallic fittings cable laid grommet. mechanical joint: a wire rope sling from one continuous length of wire rope with the ends joined by one or more metallic fittings strand laid grommet. •Page 6• end fitting: terminal hardware on the end of a sling endless and grommet wire rope slings cable laid endless sling. No sleeves are used. shackle. strand laid endless sling. hand tucked: an endless wire rope sling made from one continuous length of strand formed to make a six strand rope with a strand core. 6) link. wire rope single leg slings without end fittings: measured from pull to pull or from bearing to bearing of eyes single leg slings with end fittings: measured from pull to pull of integral fitting. mechanically closed link used primarily to attach master links.. On the surface all strands are inclined to the axis of the rope. vertical: a method of rigging a sling in which the load is attached to the loop eye or end fitting at one end of the sling and the loop eye or end fitting at the other end is attached to the lifting device (see angle of loading ). hooks. multiple leg slings: same as above. or eye at the opposite end. etc. measurement is from center line of pin to center line of pin. This hitch can be done with a sliding choker hook or similar device (see angle of loading ). and joined to the sling body to form a bearing surface (see Page 16 . (b)hitch. hollow braided: a braided rope construction of either plain or twill braid whereby the strands are intertwined maypole fashion. master: forged or welded steel link used to support all members (legs) of an alloy steel chain or wire rope sling (see Fig. pull to pull or bearing to bearing: length of metal mesh sling measured between bearing surfaces of the end fittings (see Fig. 6) link. choker: a method of rigging a sling in which the sling is passed around the load. thimble. 5) link.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. to running length alloy steel chain loop eye (web sling): a length of webbing which has been folded back upon itself. or other device with the other loop eye or end fitting attached to the lifting device.synthetic): the distance between extreme end bearing points of the sling. master link. master coupling: alloy steel welded coupling link used as an intermediate link to join alloy steel chain to master links (see Fig. If swaged sockets are used. mechanical coupling (alloy steel chain): a non welded. If zinc-attached sockets are used.9 Slings (b)hitch. except that the gathering ring. measurement is from the pull of the closed socket to the center line of the open socket pin. including the length fittings (see Fig. 4) length. alternately. end fitting. The center is hollow. forming an opening. length (alloy steel chain): see reach (alloy steel chain) length (metal mesh). then through one loop eye. or similar fitting is not included in the length dimension length (web sling . half counter clockwise. half of the strands turn clockwise and. ) The terms "rated capacity" and "working load limit" are commonly used to describe rated load. or who. The sling manufacturer and the manufacturer of the sling material (alloy steel chains. by extensive knowledge.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. and experience. sling service normal: service that involves use of loads within the rated load severe: service that involves normal service coupled with abnormal operating conditions special or infrequent: service that involves operation. (When using a multiple branch sling. has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter and work rated load : the maximum allowable working load established by the sling manufacturer. wire rope. reach (alloy steel chain): effective length of an alloy steel chain sling measured between the bearing surfaces of the end fittings (see Fig. and as depicted in the Figures of this Standard sling manufacturer (fabricator): a person or company assembling or fabricating sling components into their final form for actual use. other than normal or severe. which is recommended by a qualified individual spiral: a single transverse coil which is the basic element from which metal mesh is fabricated splice (web sling) : that part of a sling which is lapped and secured to become an Page 17 . 6) selvage edge: the woven or knitted edge of synthetic webbing so formed as to prevent raveling sling: an assembly to be used for lifting when connected to a lifting mechanism at the sling's upper end and when supporting a load at the sling's lower end. or certificate of professional standing. training. by possession of a recognized degree in an applicable field. or synthetic webbing) may or may not be identical. made from materials. the rating shown for the single branch sling shall not be exceeded in any branch of the multiple branch sling. 5) proof load: the specific load applied in performance of the proof tests proof test: a nondestructive load test made to a specific multiple of the rated load of the sling •Page 7• (b)qualified person: a person who. fiber rope.9 Slings Fig. metal mesh webbing. for Aircraft Control Publisher: U. wire strand core. load-bearing splice: any splice that carries a portion of the total load applied. containing a single eye opening. Wire Rope. copies of which may be obtained from the publishers as indicated. 5(b)].10-1993.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. or independent wire rope core (IWRC) strength. Washington. 20402 ASME B30. nominal: load at which a new sling or component could be expected to break when loaded to destruction in direct tension tagline: a restraining line to control position of the load three-strand laid: a rope constructed by laying three strands together. D.C. triangle fitting: an end fitting for metal mesh or synthetic web slings. Federal Specification RR-W-410. Each strand is twisted or laid but with the opposite direction of the lay of the rope. hand tucked: a loop or eye formed in the end of a rope by tucking the end of the strands back into the main body of the rope in a prescribed manner splice. minimum breaking: minimum load at which a new sling or component will break when loaded to destruction in direct tension strength. 5). similar to the triangle fittings except that it also has a transverse slot through which a triangle fitting can be passed to facilitate a choker hitch on the load. for connecting the sling to the lifting device yarn (web slings): the synthetic fiber which is used to make the webbing and thread (b)Section 9-0. splice. Handling Loads Suspended from Rotorcraft Page 18 .3: References to Other Publications Within the text. references are made to the following publications. This rope is often called "three strand.9 Slings integral part of the sling (see Fig." triangle choker fitting: an end fitting for metal mesh or synthetic web slings. Hooks ASME B30. Wire Rope and Strand Military Specification MIL-W-83420. mechanical: a loop or eye formed in the end of a wire rope by pressing or swaging one or more metal sleeves over the wire rope junction strand laid rope: a wire rope made with strands (usually 6 or 8) formed around a fiber core. Types of splices are as follows: assembly splice: any splice that joins two or more parts of the sling without bearing any of the applied load [see Fig. Flexible.12-1992. Government Printing Office.S. Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. 100 Barr Harbor Drive. PA 19428-2959 CI 1301-96. Stevensville. Polyester (PET) Fiber Rope. Polyester (PET) Fiber Rope. Polypropylene Fiber Rope. 12 Strand Braid Construction CI 1306-96. Double Braid Construction Publisher: Cordage Institute. Hingham. NY 10016-5990 ASTM A 391-93 (A 391M-93). P. 3-Strand and 8-Strand Construction CI 1305-96. Single Braided Polyester Fiber Rope.O. Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Chain Slings for Overhead Lifting Publisher: American Society for Testing and Materials. 2 SLING CONFIGURATIONS WITH ANGLED LEGS FOR SYNTHETIC ROPE SLINGS ( Chapter 9-4) -----------Page 19 . Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Chain ASTM A 906-93 (A 906M-93). 3-Strand and 8-Strand Construction CI 1303-96. Double Braid Construction CI 1307-96. Box 849. New York. Conshohocken.115. 350 Lincoln Street . MD 21666 •Page 9• -----------FIG. 1 BASIC SLING CONFIGURATIONS WITH VERTICAL LEGS FOR SYNTHETIC ROPE SLINGS ( Chapter 9-4) ------------ _______________________________________________________________ Page 10 -----------FIG. MA 02043 WRTB Wire Rope Sling Users Manual Publisher: Wire Rope Technical Board. Nylon (Polyamide) Fiber Rope. W.9 Slings ______________________________________________________________________________ Page 8 Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Nylon (Polyamide) Fiber Rope. Three Park Avenue. 3-Strand and 8-Strand Construction CI 1304-96. Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. 3 METAL MESH FABRIC ----------------------FIG. 5 WEB SLING WITH LOOP EYES OR END FITTINGS ------------ _______________________________________________________________ Page 13 -----------FIG. 4 METAL MESH SLING ------------ _______________________________________________________________ Page 12 -----------FIG. 6 CHAIN SLING MAJOR COMPONENTS ------------ _______________________________________________________________ Page 14 -----------FIG. 7 SYNTHETIC WEBBING SLINGS ------------ _______________________________________________________________ Page 15 -----------FIG. 8 SLING IN CHOKER HITCH Page 20 .9 Slings _______________________________________________________________ Page 11 -----------FIG. Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. or sling manufacturer.1. Hi-Test (Grade 43) Chain.4 Single leg. they shall be rated in accordance with the recommendations of the chain. 9-1.1. Page 21 . Use.3 Attachments and components used for sling assemblies shall meet the requirements.0: Scope This Chapter applies to alloy steel chain slings used for overhead lifting.7. Section 9-1.1.1 Grade 80 alloy steel chain slings shall be made from chain manufactured and tested in accordance with ASTM A 391/A 391M and assembled in accordance with ASTM A 906/A 906M. and quadruple leg slings are covered by this volume. and Maintenance Section 9-1.1: Materials and Configurations 9-1. 9 ELEMENTS OF WIRE ROPE ------------ _______________________________________________________________ Page 17 CHAPTER 9-1 Alloy Steel Chain Slings . triple leg. Other grades of proof tested steel chain include Proof Coil (Grade 28). double leg. These grades are not recommended for overhead lifting and therefore are not covered by this Chapter.Selection. 9-1. of Section 9-1.2 If chain or components other than those described in ASTM A 391/A 391M and ASTM A 906/A 906M are used. component.1.9 Slings ------------ _______________________________________________________________ Page 16 -----------FIG. 9-1. and Transport (Grade 70) Chain. (b) Rated load for triple and quadruple leg slings = 3 × single leg rated load × sine of minimum horizontal angle. 9-1.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. all welded slings shall be proof tested by the sling manufacturer with written records kept of such testing.3. Section 9-1.4: Proof Testing 9-1. triple leg.2: Design Factor Rated loads for alloy steel chain slings shall be based on a minimum design factor of 4. 9-1.3. and quadruple leg Grade 80 alloy steel chain slings shall conform to the values shown in Table 1 for the horizontal angles listed. Section 9-1. (b) Master links for double leg slings shall be proof tested to four times the single leg rated load (Table 1).1 Rated loads for single leg.4 Configurations not covered by this Chapter shall be rated in accordance with the recommendation of the sling manufacturer.2 Rated loads for sling angles not listed in Table 1 shall be calculated as follows: (a) Rated load for double leg slings = 2 × single leg rated load × sine of minimum horizontal angle.9 Slings Section 9-1.3.1 Prior to initial use. (a) For single or multiple leg slings each leg shall be proof tested to twice the single leg rated load (Table 1).3. double leg. (c) Master links for triple or quad leg slings shall be proof tested to six times Page 22 . 9-1.3: Rated Loads The term working load limit is commonly used to describe rated load. 9-1.3 The ratings for quadruple leg slings shown in Table 1 are the same as the ratings for triple leg slings because normal lifting practice may not distribute load uniformly on all four legs.4. symbol.4. -----------TABLE 1 RATED LOAD FOR GRADE 80 ALLOY STEEL CHAIN SLINGS -----------Section 9-1. (d) Master coupling links (Fig.2 Mechanically assembled slings shall be comprised entirely of proof tested components.3 All repaired or reconditioned slings requiring heat treating or welding shall be proof tested per para. Slings repaired or reconditioned using mechanically assembled _______________________________________________________________ Page 18 _______________________________________________________________ Page 19 components shall be subjected to the provisions of para. 9-1. 9-1.5: Sling Identification Each sling covered by this Chapter shall have permanently affixed durable identification marked with the following: (a) Name. (a) Leg components for single or multiple leg slings shall be proof tested to twice the single rated load (Table 1).9 Slings the single leg rated load (Table 1). and (d). 9-1. 9-1.4.1 prior to initial use.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30.4.1(b).2. (c).4.1 prior to being returned to service. or trademark of sling manufacturer (b) Chain grade and size (c) Number of legs (d) Rated load and angle upon which it is based Page 23 . the sling shall be proof tested per para. 9-1. (b) Master links and master coupling links shall be proof tested per paras.4. (c) If untested components are employed. 9-1.4. 6) for triple or quad slings shall be proof tested to two times the single rated load (Table 1) times the number of legs connected to the master coupling link. 6.9 Slings (e) Reach Section 9-1.7.6.1 When the chain sling becomes heated to a temperature in excess of 600 F (316 C). or other such components shall not be used. In special cases where particular use makes this impractical.7. rated loads shall be reduced in accordance with the chain manufacturer's recommendations regarding usage both while heated and after being heated. Special attachments designed by a qualified person may be used.3 Makeshift fasteners. the sling shall be identified with a rated load consistent with the lowest working load rating of any of the attachments or components. handles shall be welded to the master link or hook prior to heat treating. pear-shaped links.2 Attachments should be of a size recommended by the sling manufacturer..7. 9-1.4 Where used.2 The strength of slings can be affected by chemically active environments as sling materials may be susceptible to damage from caustic or acid substances or fumes.1 Hooks.7. Page 24 . 9-1.7: Attachments 9-1. 9-1. The chain manufacturer should be consulted when chain slings are to be used in temperatures of -40 F (-40 C) or below. Section 9-1. 9-1. welded or mechanical coupling links or other sling attachments or components shall have a rated load at least equal to that of alloy steel chain with which they are used. or links formed from bolts. etc. oblong links.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. rings. strongly oxidizing environments attack all common sling materials. hooks.6: Effects of Environment 9-1. rods. The sling manufacturer should therefore be consulted before slings are used in chemically active environments. 7.monthly (b) Severe service . The two general classifications are herein designated as frequent and periodic .as recommended by a qualified person before the first such occurrence and as directed by the qualified person for any subsequent occurrences 9-1.daily to weekly (c) Special or infrequent service .8. all new.5 Hook characteristics shall meet the requirements of ASME B30. Section 9-1. Page 25 . (b) Inspection procedure for chain slings in regular service is divided into two general classifications based upon the interval at which inspection should be performed.1 Inspection Classification (a) Initial Inspection . (a) Normal service . Any deficiencies such as listed shall cause the sling to be set aside for periodic inspection.8. Slings shall be inspected for damage at intervals as defined in para. 9-1.as recommended by a qualified person before and after each occurrence (2) Periodic Inspection . with respective intervals between inspections as defined below. visual observations should be conducted during regular service for any damage or evidence of malfunction that appears between regular inspections.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30.monthly to quarterly (c) Special or infrequent service .8: Inspection and Repairs 9-1.yearly (b) Severe service . The intervals in turn are dependent upon the degree of exposure of the sling components to wear and deterioration. or repaired slings shall be inspected by a designated person to verify compliance with the applicable provisions of this Chapter.2 Frequent Inspection. (a) Normal service . modified.9 Slings 9-1. Visual examinations by the user or other designated personnel with records not required. In addition. (1) Frequent Inspection . Visual inspection by a designated person making a record of the inspection or of apparent conditions to provide the basis for a continuing evaluation.1(b)(1). Prior to use.8. altered.10. stretch. (1) Worn links shall not exceed values given in Table 2 or that which is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. such as listed. Page 26 .8. 9-1. Any deficiencies. 9-1.8. if present. ______________________________________________________________________________ Page 20 -----------TABLE 2 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE WEAR AT ANY POINT OF LINK -----------(2) Latches on hook.5. cracks. weld splatter.8.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30.9 Slings (a) Chain and attachments for wear. latches on hooks should seat properly. breaks.1(b)(2). rotate freely. (b) Missing or illegible sling identification as defined in Section 9-1. nicks. These inspections shall include the requirements of para. 9-1. and show no permanent distortion. shall be examined and determination made as to whether they constitute a hazard.2 and. (a) Each link and each attachment shall be examined individually. (1) Chain links and attachments should hinge freely with adjacent links. items such as the following.8.2. (2) Sharp transverse nicks and gouges should be rounded out by grinding and the depth of the gouge or rounded out portion should not exceed values given in Table 2. and throat opening of hooks. gouges. bends. (4) If present. should hinge freely and seat properly without evidence of permanent distortion. (3) Hooks should be inspected in accordance with ASME B30. taking care to expose inner link surfaces of the chain and chain attachments to inspect for those items defined in para.8. 9-1. Complete link by link inspections of the slings shall be performed at intervals as defined in para. in addition.1 shall be corrected before use of the chain or sling is resumed. 9-1. discoloration from excessive temperature. 9-1.8.10.3 Periodic Inspection.4 Repairs (a) Any hazardous condition disclosed by the inspection requirements of para. Cracked. (k) Shock loading should be avoided. (e) Slings that appear to be damaged shall not be used unless inspected and accepted as usable under Section 9-1. (2) When repaired. (l) Slings should not be pulled from under a load when the load is resting on the sling. (g) Sharp corners in contact with the sling should be padded with material of sufficient strength to minimize damage to the sling. broken. broken. (f) The sling shall be hitched or rigged in a manner providing control of the load. (m) Slings should be stored in an area where they will not be subjected to Page 27 . (j) Personnel shall not ride the sling. and environment shall be selected in accordance with Table 1 and the requirements of Section 9-1. Section 9-1. they shall be replaced.6.8. (4) Mechanical coupling links or carbon steel repair links shall not be used to repair broken lengths of alloy chain. or bent links shall not be repaired.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. (c) When repairs are made. the following criteria shall be followed.9: Operating Practices (a) Slings having suitable characteristics for the type of load. (c) Slings shall be shortened or otherwise adjusted only by methods approved by the sling manufacturer. they shall be replaced. or bent attachments shall not be repaired. a sling shall be permanently marked to identify the repairing agency. (b) The weight of load shall be within the rated load of the sling. Cracked. (h) Portions of the human body should be kept from between the sling and the load and from between the sling and the crane hook or hoist hook. (1) Alloy steel chain and coupling links used for repair shall conform to the strength requirements and other requirements of this Standard. hitch. (i) Personnel should stand clear of the suspended load. (d) Slings shall not be shortened or lengthened by knotting or twisting. (3) Attachments which are used for repair shall conform to the strength requirements and other requirements of this Standard.9 Slings (b) Repairs shall be made only by the chain manufacturer or qualified personnel. an analysis by a qualified person should be performed to prevent overloading of any leg. (n) Twisting and kinking the legs shall be avoided.1: Construction 9-2.Selection. (q) In a basket hitch. (p) During lifting.3(d)] so as to not introduce into the leg itself a load in direct tension greater than that permitted. (s) Multiple leg slings shall be selected according to Table 1 when used at the specific angles given in the table. corrosive action. (r) The sling's legs should contain or support the load so that the load remains under control. with or without load.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. Section 9-2. The wire rope slings covered by this Chapter shall be as specified in Tables 3 Page 28 . the load should be balanced to prevent slippage. (t) Slings should be long enough so that the rated load is adequate when the angle of the legs is taken into consideration (see Table 1). (v) When used in a choker hitch arrangement. or kinking.1.1 Wire Rope Material. personnel shall be alert for possible snagging. slings shall be selected to prevent the load developed on any portion of the sling from exceeding the rated load of the sling components. and Maintenance Section 9-2. unless the hook is designed for point loading.9 Slings mechanical damage. Use.0: Scope This Chapter applies to slings made of wire rope. •Page 23• CHAPTER 9-2 Wire Rope Slings . Operation at other angles shall be limited to rated loads of the next lower angle given in the table or calculated trigonometrically [see para. 9-2. moisture. extreme heat. (w) For multiple leg slings used with non-symmetrical loads. (u) Slings should not be dragged on the floor or over an abrasive surface. (o) The load applied to the hook should be centered in the base (bowl) of hooks to prevent point loading _______________________________________________________________ Page 21 on the hook. (c) Grommets and endless slings shall have a minimum circumferential length of 96 times the body diameter of the grommet or endless sling. choker hitch or basket hitch (g) angle of loading Page 29 . Grades. and cable laid slings shall have a minimum clear length of rope 10 times the rope diameter between splices. (f) type of hitch. straight pull. the following equation shall be applicable: -----------Equation ------------ (e) Horizontal sling angles less than 30 deg. or end fittings.3: Rated Load The term rated capacity is commonly used to describe rated load. For rated loads for bridle slings.1.2 Minimum Sling Length (a) Slings made of rope with 6 × 19 and 6 × 37 classification. Section 9-2. 9-2. These rated loads are based on the following factors: (a) nominal wire rope strength (b) nominal splicing or end attachment efficiency (c) design factor for wire rope slings shall be a minimum of 5 (d) Tables 3 through 9 show rated loads for single leg slings. types. should not be used. the sling manufacturer shall be consulted for specific data.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. e.g..2: Design Factor The design factor for wire rope slings shall be a minimum of 5. When such slings are used. Section 9-2. 10). for basket hitches where both legs are not vertical.9 Slings through 9 based upon nominal wire rope strength as shown in Federal Specification RR-W-410 and Military Specification MIL-W-83420(except for fatigue requirements which are not applicable to sling usage). and for consideration of the angle between basket hitch slings (see Fig. sizes. sleeves. (b) Braided slings shall have a minimum clear length of rope 40 times the component (individual) rope diameter between the loops or end fittings. and constructions other than those specified in Tables 3 through 9 may be used. Rated load for wire rope slings shall be as shown in Tables 3 through 9. see Fig. the rated load shall be reduced to the percentages of the table values given in Fig. •Page 24• -----------TABLE 3 RATED LOADS FOR SINGLE LEG SLINGS 6 × 19 or 6 × 37 CLASSIFICATION IMPROVED PLOW STEEL GRADE ROPE WITH FIBER CORE (FC) ------------ _______________________________________________________________ Page 25 -----------TABLE 4 RATED LOADS FOR SINGLE LEG SLINGS 6 × 19 or 6 × 37 CLASSIFICATION IMPROVED PLOW STEEL GRADE ROPE WITH INDEPENDENT WIRE ROPE CORE (IWRC) -----------Page 30 _______________________________________________________________ .25 times the rated load.) Rated loads in Tables 3 through 9 are for angles of 120 deg. For smaller angles. All other assemblies shall be proof tested when specified by the purchaser. 8. or greater.2 The proof load for single leg hand tucked (HT) slings shall be a minimum of the rated load and shall not exceed 1. (Do not confuse this choke angle with the angle of inclination of the load.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. 9-2.9 Slings (h) diameter of curvature around which sling is bent (i) When a sling is used in a choker hitch.1 All swaged-socket and poured-socket assemblies shall be proof tested to the wire rope or fitting manufacturers recommendations but in no case greater than 50% of the component wire ropes' or structural strands' nominal strength.4. or greater. Section 9-2.4.4: Proof Test 9-2. the normal angle formed in the rope body as it passes through the choking eye is 120 deg. 8. Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30.9 Slings Page 26 -----------TABLE 5 RATED LOADS FOR SINGLE LEG SLINGS 6 × 19 or 6 × 37 CLASSIFICATION EXTRA IMPROVED PLOW STEEL GRADE ROPE WITH INDEPENDENT WIRE ROPE CORE (IWRC) ------------ _______________________________________________________________ Page 27 -----------TABLE 6 RATED LOADS FOR SINGLE LEG SLINGS CABLE LAID ROPE .MECHANICAL SPLICE ONLY 7 × 7 × 7 or 7 × 7 × 19 CONSTRUCTION GALVANIZED AIRCRAFT GRADE ROPE 7 × 6 × 19 (IWRC) or 7 × 6 × 37 (IWRC) CLASSIFICATION IMPROVED PLOW STEEL GRADE ROPE ------------ _______________________________________________________________ Page 28 -----------TABLE 7 RATED LOADS FOR SINGLE LEG SLINGS 8-PART OR 6-PART BRAIDED ROPE 6 × 19 or 6 × 37 CLASSIFICATION IMPROVED PLOW STEEL ROPE FIBER CORE (FC) ------------ _______________________________________________________________ Page 29 -----------TABLE 8 RATED LOADS FOR SINGLE LEG SLINGS 8-PART OR 6-PART BRAIDED ROPE 6 × 19 or 6 × 37 CLASSIFICATION IMPROVED PLOW STEEL GRADE ROPE WITH INDEPENDENT WIRE ROPE CORE (IWRC) 7 × 7 CLASSIFICATION GALVANIZED AIRCRAFT GRADE Page 31 . 4. 11 D/d RATIO ------------ 9-2. for mechanical splice. Page 32 . grade.9 Slings ROPE ------------ _______________________________________________________________ Page 30 -----------TABLE 9 RATED LOADS FOR SINGLE LEG SLINGS 8-PART OR 6-PART BRAIDED ROPE 6 × 19 or 6 × 37 CLASSIFICATION EXTRA IMPROVED PLOW STEEL GRADE ROPE WITH INDEPENDENT WIRE ROPE CORE (IWRC) ------------ _______________________________________________________________ Page 31 -----------FIG. and construction of rope.4 The proof load for multiple leg bridle slings shall be applied to the individual legs and shall be either 1. for hand tucked splice. 10 SLING ANGLES ------------ _______________________________________________________________ Page 32 -----------FIG.25.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. Any master link to which multiple leg slings are connected shall be proof loaded to two times the force applied by the combined legs. or 2.4. 9-2.3 The proof load for mechanical splice single leg slings and endless slings shall be two times the vertical rated load. times the vertical rated load of a single leg sling of the same size. 9-2. Eyes in wire rope slings shall not be formed using knots.7. shall be performed prior to the assembly of the sling. 9-2. 9-2. The sling manufacturer should therefore be consulted before slings are used in chemically active environments. Section 9-2.2 When wire rope slings of any grade are to be used at temperatures above 400 F (204 C) or below -60 F (-51 C).3 The strength of slings can be affected by chemically active environments as sling materials may be susceptible to damage from caustic or acid substances or fumes.2 Welding of handles or any other accessories to end attachments.7: End Attachments 9-2.1 Wire rope clips shall not be used to fabricate wire rope slings except where the application of slings prevents the use of prefabricated slings or where the Page 33 .4 Wire Rope Clips and Hooks 9-2.6.1 Fiber core wire rope slings of all grades shall not be exposed to temperatures in excess of 180 F (82 C).7.4.6: Effects of Environment 9-2. except covers to thimbles.7. Section 9-2. This identification should be maintained for life of the sling.9 Slings Section 9-2.7. strongly oxidizing environments attack all common sling materials. 9-2. 9-2.7.5: Sling Identification Wire rope slings should be identified by the rated load and manufacturer.6.1 All load bearing components welded prior to or after assembly in the sling shall be proof tested.6.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30.3 Knots. the sling manufacturer should be consulted. and torque values.8. Wire rope clips attached with U-bolts shall have the U-bolt over the dead end of the rope and the live rope resting in the clip saddle. unstranding. main strand displacement.4.2 Periodic Inspection.8. All slings shall be visually inspected by the person handling the sling each day they are used. Malleable cast iron clips shall not be used.4 Hook characteristics shall meet the requirements of ASME B30. distribution.4. or core protrusion. A periodic inspection shall be performed by a designated person on a regular basis with frequency of inspection based on: Page 34 . crushing. Loss of rope diameter in short rope lengths or unevenness of outer strands should provide evidence the sling or slings should be replaced. 9-2. and type of visible broken wires See paras. 9-2. 9-2. which may be an immediate hazard: (a) distortion of rope in the sling such as kinking. For spacing. birdcaging. Clips shall be tightened evenly to the recommended torque.4.10.1 Frequent Inspection. After the initial load is applied to the rope. (c) broken or cut strands. (b) general corrosion. 9-2.7.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30.7.7.3 Wire rope clips shall be drop-forged steel of the single saddle (U-bolt) or double saddle type clip. Section 9-2.8: Sling Inspection and Replacement 9-2. the clip nuts shall be retightened to the recommended torque to compensate for any decrease in rope diameter caused by the load.3(b)(1) and (8) for further guidance. refer to the clip manufacturer's recommendation. Rope clip nuts should be retightened periodically to compensate for any further decrease in rope diameter during usage.8.9 Slings specific application is designed by a qualified person. (d) number.2 Slings made with wire rope clips should not be used as a choker hitch. 9-2. number of clips. These visual observations should be concerned with discovering gross damage. such as listed below. 9 Slings (a) frequency of sling use. it may be allowed to operate to the end of the work shift. Once a sling reaches a specified removal criteria. and fittings. (b) Removal criteria for sling replacement shall be as follows: (1) for strand laid and single part slings ten randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay. or worn to the extent that the strength of the sling is substantially affected. crushing. Inspection shall be made at least annually and shall include a record of the inspection or of apparent _______________________________________________________________ Page 32. (2) severe localized abrasion or scraping: (3) kinking. Para. at the end of the day.8. Deterioration which would result in loss of original strength shall be observed and determination _______________________________________________________________ Page 33 made whether further use of the sling would constitute a hazard.1 conditions to provide the basis for a continuing evaluation. rope lay and strand. (b) severity of service conditions. See Fig.8. The sling shall be replaced after that work shift. or at the latest time prior to the next work shift. based on the judgement of a qualified person. (6) hooks should be inspected in accordance with ASME B30.3 Replacement (a) No precise rules can be given for determination of the exact time for sling replacement.9 describing component parts of rope. (d) experience gained on the service life of slings used in similar circumstances. Inspection shall be conducted on the entire length of each sling including splices. deformed. birdcaging. 9-2. end attachments.3( Replacement) can provide guidance in making such a determination.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. or any other damage resulting in distortion of the rope structure. since many variable factors are involved. (4) evidence of heat damage: (5) end attachments that are cracked.10. Page 35 . 9-2. or five broken wires in one strand in one rope lay. i.. (c) nature of lifts being made.e. the rated load of the sling shall be decreased.8. (j) Personnel shall not ride the sling. (d) Slings shall not be shortened or lengthened by knotting. (b) The weight of load shall be within the rated load of the sling. or by wire rope clips except as defined in para. (k) Shock loading should be avoided. (c) Slings shall be shortened or otherwise adjusted only by methods approved by the sling manufacturer. 9) or Strands (see Fig.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. hitch. 9-2. (i) Personnel should stand clear of the suspended load. and environment shall be selected in accordance with appropriate tables (see Section 9-2.9: Operating Practices (a) Slings having suitable characteristics for the type of load.6).4. (g) Sharp corners in contact with the sling should be padded with material of sufficient strength to minimize damage to the sling. (f) The sling shall be hitched in a manner providing control of the load. Page 36 .7. (h) Portions of the human body should be kept from between the sling and the load and from between the sling and the crane hook or hoist hook.9 Slings (7) severe corrosion of the rope or end attachments. Consult the sling manufacturer for specific data or refer to the WRTB Wire Rope Sling Users Manual. (8) multipart removal criteria for cable laid and braided slings. When D /d ratios smaller than those listed in the tables are necessary. (l) Slings should not be pulled from under a load when the load is resting on the sling. (e) Slings that appear to be damaged shall not be used unless inspected and accepted as usable under Section 9-2. Allowable Broken Wires per Lay Allowable Broken (see Fig. 9) Sling Body One Braid per Sling Lengh _______________________________________________________________ Less than 8 part braid 20 1 Cable laid 20 1 8 part and more 40 1 _______________________________________________________________ Section 9-2. 9 Slings (m) Slings should be stored in an area where they will not be subjected to mechanical damage. 9-2. unless the hook is designed for point loading.3(d) and (e)] so as to not introduce into the leg itself a load in direct tension greater than that permitted. corrosive action. (z) An object engaging the eye of a loop eye sling should not be greater. (q) In a basket hitch. Care should be taken to minimize sling rotation. (t) Slings should be long enough so that the rated load is adequate when the angle of the legs is taken into consideration. or kinking. extreme heat. than one half the length of the loop eye.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. (w) Do not inspect a sling by passing bare hands over the wire rope body. Broken wires. in width. if present. moisture. (p) During lifting. (n) Twisting and kinking the legs shall be avoided. (v) In a choker hitch. Page 37 . (s) Multiple leg slings shall be selected according to Tables 3 through 9 when used at the specific angles given in the table. an analysis by a qualified person should be performed to prevent overloading of any leg. the load should be balanced to prevent slippage. (x) Fiber core wire rope should not be subjected to degreasing or a solvent because of possible damage to the core. (y) Single leg slings with hand tucked splices can be unlaid by rotation. (u) Slings should not be dragged on the floor or over an abrasive surface. with or without load. personnel shall be alert for possible snagging. Operation at other angles shall be limited to rated loads of the next lower angle given in the table or calculated trigonometrically [see paras. (aa) For multiple leg slings used with nonsymmetrical loads. (r) The sling's legs should contain or support the load so that the load remains under control. (o) The load applied to the hook should be centered in the base (bowl) of the hook to prevent point loading on the hook. slings shall be long enough _______________________________________________________________ Page 34 so that the choker fitting chokes on the wire rope body and never on the other fitting. may puncture the hands. Rated loads are given in Table 11 for metal mesh slings covered in Section 9-3.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30.1. Rated loads for heavy duty. are not covered. 9-3. Other materials such as stainless steel.Selection. Page 38 .3. Slings requiring special end fittings.2 Basis for Rated Loads. Fabric for metal mesh slings shall be fabricated in accordance with the specifications in Table 10. and Maintenance Section 9-3. or design from those shown in Table 11. When metal mesh slings are produced from such materials.1: Construction 9-3. The manufacturer should be consulted for specific data for slings which differ in width. (b) Other Materials .1 Fabric Construction. medium duty. the sling manufacturer shall provide specific data.1.1 Rated Load Table. Section 9-3. Use. 9-3.2 Fabric Materials (a) Carbon Steel . Section 9-3.1.3: Rated Load The term rated capacity is commonly used to describe rated load.3.9 Slings •Page 35• CHAPTER 9-3 Metal Mesh Slings . money.2: Design Factor The design factor for metal mesh slings shall be a minimum of 5.3 Rated Load for Nonstandard Slings. Section 9-3. or in some other way deviating from the requirements described herein. and light duty slings shall be based on fabric in Table 10.3. 9-3. The Steel used in metal mesh slings shall he processed to produce the required mechanical properties. 9-3. or alloy steels may be used. materials.0: Scope This Chapter covers only those metal mesh slings commonly manufactured. 7: Attachments and Components 9-3. shall be proof tested by the sling manufacturer or qualified person to a minimum of 2 times their rated load.1 All slings covered by this Chapter may be used without derating in a temperature range from -20 F (-29 C) to 550 F (288 C) except elastomer coated slings. (a) manufacturer's name or trademark (b) rated load in vertical basket hitch and choker hitch Section 9-3.6. The sling manufacturer should be consulted before slings are used in chemically active environments. Coated slings shall be proof tested before coating.4: Proof Test All standard slings. the manufacturer should be consulted for specific data.4 Chemically active environments can destroy the strength of slings. Section 9-3.9 Slings Section 9-3.7. 9-3.6.1 End Fittings.2 All slings covered by this Chapter that are elastomer coated shall be used only in a temperature range from 0 F (-18 C) to 200 F (93 C). (b) no visible permanent deformation after proof testing. The end fittings shall be designed to insure: (a) at least the same rated load as the fabric.6.6.5: Sling Identification All slings shall have an identification Stating the following. new and repaired. 9-3.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. Section 9-3. 9-3.3 For operation at temperatures outside these ranges or for other coatings. Strongly oxidizing environments attack all common types of sling material.6: Effects of Environment 9-3. Sling material can be susceptible to caustic damage or acid or acid fumes. Page 39 . (b) Frequent Inspection .8. Section 9-3. impregnated.8. (c) Periodic Inspection .1 Type of Inspection (a) Initial Inspection .2 Attachment of End Fitting to Fabric. 9-3.9 Slings •Page 36• -----------TABLE 10 FABRIC CONSTRUCTION (METAL MESH SLINGS) -----------9-3. Before using any new or repaired sling.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30.3 Sling Coatings. Slings may be painted. plated. Frequency of inspection should be based on: (1) frequency of sling use.8: Inspection.7. or other suitable material. urethane.7. or molded with elastomers such as neoprene. Periodic inspections should be conducted at least annually. and Removal 9-3. The fabric and end fittings shall be joined so that: (a) the rated load of the sling is not reduced. it shall be inspected to verify that the correct sling is being used as well as to determine that the sling meets the requirements of this Chapter. (c) sharp edges do not damage the fabric. polyvinyl chloride. (2) severity of service conditions: (3) experience gained on the service life of slings used in similar applications. This inspection should be conducted by designated personnel. The coating shall not diminish the rated load of a sling.2 Inspection Records. (b) the load is evenly distributed across the width of the fabric. utilizing the identification for each sling as Page 40 . Repair. This inspection should be made by the person handling the sling each day the sling is used. Written inspection records. 9-3. 5). (c) reduction in wire diameter of 25% due to abrasion or 15% due to corrosion. 9-3. These records should show a description of the new sling and its condition on each periodic inspection. Section 9-3.6). (d) lack of flexibility due to distortion of the mesh. (b) a broken wire in any part of the mesh.8.3 Repairs (a) Metal mesh slings shall be repaired only by a metal mesh sling manufacturer or a qualified person.4 Removal Criteria. a sling shall be permanently marked to identify the repairing agency. (c) Slings shall be shortened or otherwise adjusted only by methods approved by the sling manufacturer.4). (g) a 15% reduction of the original cross-sectional area of metal at any point around the hook opening of end fitting. (b) When repaired. (b) The weight of the load shall be within the rated load of the sling. Slings shall be removed from service if damage such as the following is visible and shall only be returned to service when approved by a designated person: (a) a broken weld or a broken brazed joint along the sling edge.3 and 9-3. •Page 37• (d) Slings that appear to be damaged shall not be used unless inspected and Page 41 .8.9:Operating Practices (a) Slings having suitable characteristics for the type of load. (h) visible distortion of either end fitting out of its plane. hitch. (e) distortion of the choker fitting so the depth of the slot is increased by more than 10%. (j) missing or illegible sling identification (see Section 9-3. and environment shall be selected in accordance with appropriate tables (see Sections 9-3. (i) cracked end fitting. should be kept for all slings.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. (f) distortion of either end fitting so the width of the eye opening is decreased by more than 10%. 9-3.9 Slings established by the user. (c) All repaired mesh slings shall be proof load tested (see Section 9-3. (h) Personnel should stand clear of the suspended load. the load should be balanced to prevent edge overload. (o) In a basket hitch. (p) Slings should not be dragged on the floor or over an abrasive surface. •Page 38• -----------TABLE 11 RATED LOADS FOR METAL MESH SLINGS ------------ _______________________________________________________________ Page 39 Page 42 . (i) Personnel shall not ride the sling. (e) The sling shall be hitched in a manner providing control of the load.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30.8. corrosive action. and from between the sling and the crane hook or hoist hook. moisture. (k) Slings should not be pulled from under a load when the load is resting on the sling. (q) In a choker hitch. (u) Slings used in pairs should be attached to a spreader beam. (t) Never hammer a sling to straighten a spiral or cross rod or to force a spiral into position. or kinking. (f) Sharp corners in contact with the sling should be padded with material of sufficient strength to minimize damage to the sling. (n) During lifting. (l) Slings should be stored in an area where they will not be subjected to mechanical damage. extreme heat. (j) Shock loading should be avoided. slings shall be long enough so that the choker fitting chokes on the mesh and never on the other fitting. the load should be balanced to prevent slippage. (s) A sling in which the spirals are locked or without free articulation shall not be used. (g) Portions of the human body should be kept from between the sling and the load. (m) Twisting and kinking shall be avoided.9 Slings accepted as usable under Section 9-3. personnel shall be alert for possible snagging. with or without load. (r) In a choker hitch. Selection. Rope constructions covered are: (a) 3-strand laid (b) 8-strand plaited (c) hollow braided Rope sizes covered are from in. and Maintenance Section 9-4.1. Fiber materials covered for use in the constructions of the synthetic ropes are: (a) nylon (b) polyester (c) polypropylene 9-4.9 Slings CHAPTER 9-4 Synthetic Rope Slings . Use.2 Materials.1: Rope Material and Construction 9-4.1.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. Consult the sling manufacturer or qualified person for information on the suitability for use in slings Page 43 . 9-4. diameter. Other synthetic ropes are available and may be used as slings.1.3 Other Synthetic Ropes. diameter to 3 in.0: Scope This Chapter covers slings made from synthetic fiber rope manufactured and tested in accordance with the following Cordage Institute specifications: Rope Type Designation _____________________________________________ Nylon 3-Strand Laid CI 1303 Nylon 8-Strand Plaited CI 1303 Nylon Double Braided CI 1306 Polyester 3-Strand Laid CI 1304 Polyester 8-Strand Plaited CI 1304 Polyester Double Braid CI 1307 Polyester Single Braid CI 1305 Polypropylene 3-Strand Laid CI 1301 Polypropylene 8-Strand Laid CI 1301 _____________________________________________ Section 9-4.1 Constructions. or greater for the angle formed in the rope body as it passes through the choking eye (see Fig.4: Proof Test When specified by the purchaser.3. the following equation shall be applicable: -----------Equation -----------For slings used in a choker hitch. and for consideration of the angle between basket hitch slings (see Figs. synthetic fiber rope slings shall be proof loaded to two times the vertical rated load. (b)9-4.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. Rated loads for bridle slings. Section 9-4. and 14 for synthetic rope slings designated in Section 9-4.2 Other Configurations. Each sling shall be marked to show: (a) name or trademark of manufacturer (b) manufacturer's code or stock number (c) rated load for the type of hitch (d) type of material and construction (e) date of manufacture Page 44 _______________________________________________________________ . for basket hitches where both legs are not vertical. Section 9-4. Section 9-4. Rated loads are given in Tables 12.1.3. 1 and 2).5: Sling Identification 9-4.2: Design Factor The design factors for synthetic rope slings shall be a minimum of 5. 9-4. 8). Section 9-4.9 Slings and the appropriate rated load.1 Marking Requirements. Tables 12 through 14 show rated loads for single leg slings and endless slings.1 Rated Load Tables. rated loads in Tables 12 through 14 are for an angle of 120 deg.5.3: Rated Load The term rated capacity is commonly used to describe rated load. 13. the following shall be observed: Page 45 . consult the sling manufacturer. The presence of rust in wet nylon ropes has been found to be potentially harmful. consult the sling manufacturer.3 Chemically Active Environments.6.6: Effects of Environment 9-4. Section 9-4. 9-4. both aggravated by elevated temperatures.5. Ropes made of polypropylene fiber shall be made of fiber that has been produced with an appropriate ultraviolet inhibitor. for such applications. In general. All splices shall be made in accordance with splicing instructions provided by the rope manufacturer or the Cordage Institute.7.1 Splicing.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30.9 Slings Page 40 9-4. Rated loads apply in the temperature range from -40 F (-40 C) to 150 F (66 C) for polypropylene slings and from -40 F (-40 C) to 194 F (90 C) for nylon and polyester slings.6. polypropylene may be affected by volitile petroleum and other solvents and most hydrocarbons at elevated temperatures. Consult the sling manufacturer before using slings in a chemically active environment. In addition. This marking shall be maintained so as to be legible during the life of the sling. 9-4.6. In general. will gradually weaken synthetic ropes. Nylon and particularly polypropylene ropes subjected to long term storage or use in sunlight must be subject to a suitable retirement criteria depending on exposure levels. including the upper range of those cited above.2 Sunlight and Ultraviolet.1 Temperature. Storage or long term exposure to elevated temperatures. acids may affect nylon and strong alkalis may affect polyester. Splicing by an approved method is the preferred method for configuring eyeand-eye slings or endless slings. Section 9-4. Ropes made of nylon fiber should be made of fiber that has been produced with an appropriate ultraviolet inhibitor.7: Splicing and Fittings 9-4. Certain chemically active environments may weaken or destroy synthetic rope slings.2 Durability. or welded fittings shall undergo proof test of the fitting. (e) When configuring slings. mists. (e) Slings incorporating aluminum fittings shall not be used where fumes. in lieu of splices. Page 46 . 9-4. vapors. or clamps shall not be used to join ropes to produce eye-andeye slings or endless slings. (c) Synthetic rope slings shall have a minimum undisturbed length of rope of ten times the rope diameter between the last tuck of tuck splices or between the ends of the buried tails or strands of other types of splices.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. the tails shall be tapered and buried into the body of the rope using two additional tucks. or on any other load bearing device (see Fig.2 Fittings.9 Slings (a) For tuck splices in 3-strand and 8-strand synthetic ropes no less than four full tucks shall be used. under the load. at the apex of the splice when the eye is placed over the hook. clips. three on each side of the center of the splice. (f) The opening in the fitting shall be of the proper shape and size to ensure that the fitting will seat properly in the hook or other attachment. repaired. 2). Mechanical fittings used as part of a synthetic rope sling shall be selected to meet the following requirements: (a) The material shall be compatible with the mechanical and environmental requirements imposed on the sling (b) The fittings shall have sufficient strength to sustain twice the rated load of the sling without permanent deformation and shall have a minimum breaking strength equal to five times the rated load of the sling. Suitability should be verified by a qualified person.7. (f) For all eye splices. (b) Strand end tails in all tuck splices shall not be trimmed short (cut flush with the body of the rope). Short splices shall contain at least six full tucks. should be used with caution. mechanical or socketed fittings used to create eyes or join ropes. (g) Appropriate thimbles should be used in the sling whenever possible. (c) All surfaces shall be cleanly finished and sharp edges removed so as not to cause damage to the rope. the eye shall be sufficiently large to provide an included angle of not more than 60 deg. (d) Slings incorporating reused. In cases where the projecting tails may be objectionable. or liquids of alkalis or acids are present. sprays. (d) Knots. or the sling to twice the rated load. 9 Slings Thimbles should have closed ears that will prevent the thimble from failing out of the eye or rotating. Repaired or reused fittings shall be proof tested in accordance with para. inside it. This inspection should be conducted by designated personnel. Periodic inspections should be conducted at least annually. utilizing the identification for each sling as established by the user.2 Inspection Records. if not. Knots significantly reduce the strength of fiber rope. These records should show a description of the new sling and its condition on each periodic inspection. should be kept for all slings. (b) Frequent Inspection. all new or modified slings shall be inspected to ensure that the correct sling is being used as well as to determine that the sling meets the requirements of this Standard. The ropes that make up the sling shall not be respliced or knotted to effect repairs. (c) Periodic Inspection. the thimble should be lashed to the rope.8. 9-4. Page 47 . Prior to use. 9-4.3 Repair. 9-4. 9-4. Written inspection records. This inspection should be made by the person handling the sling each day the sling is used. Thimbles shall have a diameter at the bearing surface at least equal to twice the rope diameter.7. (2) severity of sling use. and Removal 9-4.1 Type of Inspection (a) Initial Inspection. _______________________________________________________________ Page 41 Section 9-4.7. Frequency of inspection should be based on: (1) frequency of sling use.3 Knots.8. 9-4.4 Removal Criteria. and (3) experience gained on the service life of slings used in similar applications.8.8.8: Inspection. and shall not be used to configure rope slings.2(d). Repair.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. are unpredictable. Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30.9 Slings A sling shall be removed from service if damage such as the following, is visible and shall only be returned to service when approved by a designated person. (a) cuts, gouges, areas of extensive fiber breakage along the length, and abraded areas on the rope. Damage that is estimated to have reduced the effective diameter of the rope by more than 10% is cause for removal; (b) uniform fiber breakage along the major part of the length of the rope in the sling such that the entire rope appears covered with fuzz or whiskers; (c) fiber breakage or melted fiber (manifested by hard masses) inside the rope that appears along the length at the same relative position and involves damage estimated at 10% of the fiber in the strand at that point. Pry or twist the rope open for inspection; (d) discoloration, brittle fibers, and hard or stiff areas may mean chemical or ultraviolet damage; (e) foreign matter that has permeated the rope and attracts and holds grit; (f) kinks or distortion in the rope structure, particularly if caused by forcibly pulling on loops (known as hockles); (g) melted or charred areas that affect more than 10% of the diameter of the rope or affect several adjacent strands along the length to more than 10% of their individual diameters. These areas will generally be quite hard compared to unaffected areas; (h) poor condition of thimbles or other fittings manifested by corrosion, cracks, distortion, or localized wear; (i) missing or illegible sling identification; see para. 9-4.5.1; (j) other visible damage that causes doubt as to the strength of the sling. Section 9-4.9: Operating Practices (a) Slings having suitable characteristics for the type of load, hitch, and environment shall be selected in accordance with appropriate tables (see Sections 9-4.3 and 9-4.6). (b) The weight of the load shall be within the rated load of the sling. (c) Slings shall be shortened or otherwise adjusted only by methods approved by the sling manufacturer. (d) Slings that appear to be damaged shall not be used unless inspected and accepted under Section 9-4.8. (e) The sling, shall be hitched in a manner providing control of the load. Page 48 Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30.9 Slings (f) Sharp corners in contact with the sling should be padded with protective material of sufficient strength and thickness to minimize damage to the sling (g) Portions of the human body should be kept from between the sling and the load and from between the sling and the crane or hoist hook. (h) Personnel should never stand in line with or next to the legs of a synthetic rope sling that is under tension. (i) Personnel shall stand clear of the suspended load. (j) Personnel shall not ride the sling. (k) Shock loading should be avoided. (l) Slings should not be pulled from under a load when the load is resting on the sling (m) Slings should not be stored in an area where they may be subjected to mechanical, chemical, or ultraviolet damage, or where the temperatures may be elevated; refer to para. 9-4.6.1. Do not store nylon ropes in areas where they may become impregnated with rust. (n) Slings exposed to salt water should be thoroughly rinsed with fresh water to prevent mechanical damage from salt crystals should the rope dry. •Page 42• (o) Slings should not be used if made from ropes less than in. (13 mm) in diameter, since small ropes are more vulnerable to damage from cuts and abrasion. (p) The load applied to the hook should be centered in the base (bowl) of the hook to prevent point loading on the hook. (q) During lifting, with or without load, personnel shall be alert for possible snagging. (r) In a basket hitch, the load should be balanced to prevent slippage. (s) When using a basket hitch, the legs of the sling should contain or support the load from the sides, above the center of gravity so that the load remains under control. (t) Slings should be long enough so that the rated load is adequate when the angle of the legs is taken into consideration (see para. 9-4.3.2). (u) Slings should not be dragged on the floor or over an abrasive surface. (v) In a choker hitch, slings shall be long enough so that the point of the choke is on the rope and not on any part of the splice or on fittings. (w) If elevated temperatures are involved, the guidance provided in para. Page 49 Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30.9 Slings 9-4.6.1 shall be followed. •Page 43• -----------TABLE 12 NYLON ROPE SLINGS ------------ _______________________________________________________________ Page 44 -----------TABLE 13 POLYESTER ROPE SLINGS ------------ _______________________________________________________________ Page 45 -----------TABLE 14 POLYPROPYLENE ROPE SLINGS ------------ _______________________________________________________________ Page 47 CHAPTER 9-5 Synthetic Webbing Slings - Selection, Use, and Maintenance Section 9-5.0: Scope This Chapter applies to slings fabricated by sewing woven synthetic webbing of nylon or polyester type yarns, for the purpose of hoisting, lifting, and general material handling, in basic sling types as illustrated in Fig. 7. Section 9-5.1: Construction 9-5.1.1 Webbing. Webbing should be woven of high tenacity synthetic yarns, offering suitable characteristics for use in the fabrication of web slings. Webbing shall have the following characteristics. Page 50 When not continuous. (b) sealing to prevent penetration of foreign particles and matter.4 Coatings. Section 9-5.1. (d) webbing ends shall be sealed by heat. including selvage edges.3: Rated Load The term rated capacity is commonly used to describe rated load. 9-5.2 Thread. 9-5. Stitching shall be the only method used to fabricate synthetic web slings within the scope of this Standard. Slings may be coated with suitable material that will impart desirable characteristics such as: (a) abrasion resistance. or other suitable means. (b) The stitching in all load bearing splices shall be of sufficient strength to maintain the sling design factor. (b) uniform thickness and width. A sling shall not be used at a load greater than that shown in the appropriate table or on its tag.2: Design Factor The design factor for synthetic web slings shall be a minimum of 5. (a) The stitching pattern and length of stitching shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's standard practice. (c) full woven width. The thread used in the manufacture of synthetic web slings shall be of the same generic type yarn as the sling webbing. (a) Single leg slings fall into the classifications shown in Tables 15 through 18. (d) protection from sunlight or ultraviolet degradation.3 Stitching. Slings not shown in these tables shall be used in accordance with the Page 51 .9 Slings (a) sufficient certified tensile strength to meet the sling manufacturer's requirements. 9-5. it shall be back stitched at the ends to prevent raveling.1. to prevent raveling. (c) All stitches shall be lock-stitched and preferably continuous. (c) increased coefficient of friction.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. Section 9-5.1. the following equation shall be applicable.6: Effects of Environment 9-5. can affect the strength of slings. •Page 48• Section 9-5. in choker hitch. of single leg slings shall be a maximum of 80% of the vertical rated loads as shown in Tables 15 through 18. where both legs are not vertical and for consideration of the angle between basket hitch slings.9 Slings manufacturer's recommendations (such as multi-ply slings). Section 9-5.4: Proof Test When specified by the purchaser.5: Sling Identification Each sling shall be marked to show: (a) name or trademark of manufacturer (b) manufacturer's code or stock number (c) rated loads for the types of hitches used (d) type of synthetic web material Section 9-5. The sling manufacturer should be consulted before slings are used in chemically active environments. (b) The proof load for multiple leg bridle slings shall be applied to the individual legs and shall be two times the vertical rated load of a single leg sling. (d) For rated loads of bridle slings.6.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. (b) Each manufacturer shall make available on request test data to justify these recommended rated loads. such as acids and caustics. (c) Horizontal angles less than 30 deg. should not be used. Page 52 .1 Chemically active environments. web slings of all types shall be proof loaded: (a) The proof load for single leg slings and endless slings shall be two times the vertical rated load. -----------Equation -----------(e) The rated load. This inspection should be conducted by designated personnel. (d) Slings incorporating reused or welded fittings shall be proof tested to two times the rated load of the sling. utilizing the identification for each sling as Page 53 . vapors.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30.2 Nylon and polyester slings shall not be used at temperatures in excess of 194 F (90 C) or at temperatures below -40 F (-40 C). Section 9-5. Written inspection records. sprays. repaired.2 Inspection Records. (e) Slings incorporating aluminum fittings shall not be used where fumes. (c) Periodic Inspection .9 Slings 9-5. (2) severity of service conditions. mists or liquids of caustics. Before using any new.8.8. or acids are present. (f) The eye opening in the fitting shall be the proper shape and size to ensure that the fitting will seat properly in the hook or other attachment. and Removal 9-5. alloy steel. (b) Frequent Inspection .7: Fittings (a) The material selected shall be compatible with the mechanical and environmental requirements imposed on the fitting. Section 9-5. 9-5. it shall be inspected to ensure that the correct sling is being used as well as to determine that the sling meets the requirements of this Standard. Inspection. or other suitable material. (c) All surfaces shall be cleanly finished and sharp edges removed so as not to cause damage to the webbing. and (3) experience gained on the service life of slings used in similar applications. aluminum.8: Repairs. This inspection should be made by the person handling the sling each day the sling is used.1 Type of Inspection (a) Initial Inspection . or modified sling. (b) Fittings shall have sufficient strength to sustain twice the rated load of the sling without permanent deformation and a minimum breaking strength equal to five times the rated load of the sling.6. Frequency of inspection should be based on: (1) frequency of sling use. Material selected should be carbon steel. 9: Operating Practices (a) Slings having suitable characteristics for the type of load.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. (d) Slings shall not be shortened or lengthened by knotting. or cracked. See Section 9-5. These records should show a description of the new sling and its condition on each periodic inspection. Page 54 . or snags. or adjusted only by methods approved by the sling manufacturer.3 Repairs (a) Slings shall be repaired only by a sling manufacturer or a qualified person. (h) other visible damage that causes doubt as to the strength of the sling.9 Slings established by the user. (i) missing or illegible sling identification. (d) broken or worn stitching in load bearing splices. a sling shall be marked to identify the repair agent.4 Removal Criteria. (f) knots in any part of the sling. or stitching shall not be permitted. A sling shall be removed from service if damage such as the following is visible and shall only be returned to service when approved by a designated person: (a) acid or caustic bums. distorted. (b) melting or charring of any part of the sling. should be kept for all slings. (e) excessive abrasive wear. and environment shall be selected in accordance with appropriate tables (see Sections 9-5. When repaired. or broken fittings.5. 9-5. (c) Slings shall be shortened.8. (b) Temporary repairs of either webbing. (e) Slings that appear to be damaged shall not be used unless inspected and accepted as usable under Section 9-5.8. lengthened. tears.6). _______________________________________________________________ Page 49 Section 9-5. (c) Repaired sling shall be proof tested to two times its assigned rated load before being put back into service. (b) The weight of load shall be within the rated load of the sling. (c) holes. fittings. hitch. cuts.3 and 9-5. 9-5. (g) excessive pitting or corrosion.8. •Page 50• -----------TABLE 15 RATED LOAD CHARTS . (p) During lifting. (g) Sharp corners in contact with the sling should be padded with material of sufficient strength to minimize damage to the sling. or at temperatures below -40 F (-40 C). dry. slings shall be long enough so the choker fitting chokes on the webbing and never on the other fitting.3(c)].SINGLE LEG SLINGS Class 5 [Notes Page 55 . (l) Slings should not be pulled from under a load when the load is resting on the sling. the load should be balanced to prevent slippage. (v) Nylon and polyester slings shall not be used at temperatures in excess of 194 F (90 C). (n) Twisting and kinking the legs shall be avoided. and from between the sling and the crane hook or hoist hook. (m) Slings should be stored in a cool.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. (r) The sling's legs should contain or support the load from the sides above the center of gravity when using a basket hitch. and dark place to prevent environmental damage. 9-5. (u) In a choker hitch. (w) When extensive exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet light is experienced by nylon or polyester web slings. with or without load. the sling manufacturer should be consulted for recommended inspection procedure. (q) In a basket hitch. (j) Personnel shall not ride the sling. personnel shall be alert for possible snagging. (k) Shock loading should be avoided.9 Slings (f) Sling shall be hitched in a manner providing control of the load. (s) Slings should be long enough so that the rated load is adequate when the angle of the legs is taken into consideration [see para. (h) Portions of the human body should be kept from between the sling and the load. (i) Personnel should stand clear of the suspended load. (t) Slings should not be dragged on the floor or over an abrasive surface. (o) Load applied to the hook should be centered in the base (bowl) of hook to prevent point loading on the hook. Page 56 .Selection.0: Scope This Chapter applies to endless slings comprised of load bearing core(s) made of multifilament synthetic yarn(s). andMaintenance Section 9-6.1: Materials and Configurations 9-6.1 Core. Section 9-6.SINGLE LEG SLINGS Class 5 [Notes (1) and (3)] Vertical Rating . Use. for lifting purposes.2 Cover.1 (b)CHAPTER 9-6 Synthetic Roundslings .2 Ply Slings ----------------------TABLE 18 RATED LOAD CHARTS .1.2 Ply Slings ------------ _______________________________________________________________ Page 52. enclosed in a protective cover(s).SINGLE LEG SLINGS Class 7 [Notes (1) and (3)] Vertical Rating .1.1 Ply Slings ----------------------TABLE 16 RATED LOAD CHARTS .9 Slings (1) and (3)] Vertical Rating . Yarn(s) shall be of a synthetic fiber.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. 9-6.SINGLE LEG SLINGS Class 7 [Notes (1) and (3)] Vertical Rating . wound together on a plurality of turns for even distribution of the load.1 Ply Slings ------------ _______________________________________________________________ Page 51 -----------TABLE 17 RATED LOAD CHARTS . Roundslings of other configurations shall be used in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer or a qualified person. the thread should be of the same yarn type as the core. the thread shall be of that yarn type. Finishes and coatings shall be compatible with material of the core. for basket hitches where both legs are Page 57 . In other environments the cover and core should be the same type yarn. When the core and cover are the same yarn type. If the cover and core are different yarn types. Section 9-6.1.4 Coatings. should be of the type to prevent unraveling. The roundsling shall not be used at a load greater than that shown in Table 19. Section 9-6. Other polyester roundslings or roundslings made from other materials shall be used in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer or a qualified person.1.2: Design Factor The design factor for roundslings. When the core and cover are of a different yarn type. shall be a minimum of five (5). if used. 9-6.1 The term rated capacity is commonly used to describe rated load . 9-6.3.2 Rated loads for single leg polyester roundslings shall conform to the values shown in Table 19.1.3 The following equation shall be applicable to determine rated loads for bridle roundslings. for multiple leg roundslings.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. and thread. 9-6. Some basic roundsling configurations are illustrated in Fig. Stitching. 9-6. and not impair the performance of the roundsling.9 Slings In chemically active environments the cover shall be the same type yarn as the load bearing core. 9-6.3 Thread.3: Rated Load 9-6.3.5 Configurations. follow the recommendations of the manufacturer or a qualified person.3. 12. cover. and (e) cover material. (c) rated loads for types of hitches. if different from core material. 13).Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. Section 9-6. (a) The proof load for roundslings shall be two times the vertical rated load. (d) core material. (b) manufacturer's code or stock number.3. should not be used (see Fig. Section 9-6. and for consideration of the angle between multiple leg basket hitch roundslings (see Table 19 and Fig. 13): -----------Equation -----------9-6.ENDLESS AND EYE & EYE TYPE Page 58 .4 Horizontal angles less than 30 deg.5: Roundsling Identification Each roundsling shall be tagged to show: (a) roundsling manufacturer's identification.2 -----------FIG. (b) The proof load for multiple leg roundslings shall be applied to the individual legs and shall be two times the vertical rated load of a single leg roundsling. ______________________________________________________________________________ Page 52. 12 SYNTHETIC ROUNDSLING CONFIGURATIONS ------------ _______________________________________________________________ Page 52.9 Slings not vertical. roundslings of all types shall be proof tested.3 -----------TABLE 19 RATED LOAD (RATED CAPACITY) FOR SINGLE LEG POLYESTER ROUNDSLINGS .4: Proof Test When specified by the purchaser. 6. (c) All fitting surfaces shall be smoothly finished and sharp edges removed so as not to cause damage to the roundsling. (f) The eye opening in a fitting shall be the proper shape and size so that the Page 59 .9 Slings ------------ _______________________________________________________________ Page 52.6: Effects of Environment 9-6.7: Fittings (a) Fittings shall be compatible with the mechanical and environmental requirements imposed on the roundsling.1 Chemically Active Environments.6. vapors. (e) Aluminum fittings shall not be used where fumes. Section 9-6. 13 SLING ANGLES -----------Section 9-6. 9-6. Some synthetic yarns do not retain their published breaking strength above 140 F (60 C). The roundsling manufacturer should be consulted for the temperature range of roundslings made from other synthetic yarn.2 Temperature.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. The roundsling manufacturer should be consulted before roundslings are used in chemically active environments. (b) Fittings shall have sufficient strength to sustain twice the rated load of the roundsling without permanent deformation and shall have a minimum breaking strength equal to five times the rated load of the roundsling.4 -----------FIG. (d) Previously used or welded fittings shall be proof tested to two times the vertical rated load of the roundsling. or acids are present. such as acids and caustics can effect the strength of roundslings. Polyester roundslings shall not be used at temperatures in excess of 194 F (90 C) or at temperatures below -40 F (-40 C). sprays. Chemically active environments. mists or liquids of caustics. as recommended by a qualified person before and after each occurrence (2) Periodic Inspection . The intervals in turn are dependent upon the degree of exposure of the roundsling components to wear and deterioration. altered.8. modified. Visual examinations by the user or other designated personnel (records not required).as recommended by a qualified person before and after each occurrence _______________________________________________________________ Page 52. The roundsling manufacturer's recommendations should be followed when fittings are used with roundslings.each use (c) Special or infrequent service .1 Inspection Classification (a) Initial Inspection . all new. with respective intervals between inspections as defined below.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. (g) The diameter and width of the bearing surface of the fitting can affect the strength of the roundsling. (b) Regular Inspection .8. Procedure for roundslings in regular service is divided into two general classifications based upon the interval at which inspection should be performed. Prior to use. or repaired roundslings shall be inspected by a designated person to verify compliance with the applicable provisions in this Volume.9 Slings fitting will seat properly in the hook or other attachment.daily when in use (b) Severe service . (a) Normal service daily when in use (b) Severe service each use (c) Special or infrequent service . The two general classifications are herein designated as frequent and periodic . These records should show a description of the new roundsling and its condition on each periodic inspection. Written inspection records utilizing the identification for each roundsling as established by the user should be kept on file.2 Inspection Records.8: Inspection Removal and Repair 9-6. Visual inspection by a designated person making a record of the inspection or of apparent conditions to provide the basis for a continuing evaluation. (a) Normal service .5 9-6. Page 60 . Section 9-6. (1) Frequent Inspection . (b) melting or charring of any part of the roundsling or fittings including damage from weld spatter. a roundsling shall be marked to identify the repair agent.1(b)(1).5 Removal Criteria. A roundsling shall be removed from service if damage such as the following is visible: (a) missing or illegible roundsling identification (see Section 9-6. (e) fittings when damaged. 9-6.5 shall cause the roundsling to be set aside for periodic inspection. Any conditions such as listed in para.5 shall be examined and determination made as to whether they constitute a hazard.4 Periodic Inspection.6 Repairs (a) Temporary repairs of either roundslings or fittings shall not be permitted. (c) holes. cracked. 9-6. (d) broken or worn stitching in the cover which exposes the core yarns.1(b)(2). or distorted in any way.8. (f) roundslings that are knotted.8. tears. (g) other conditions including visible damage that cause doubt as to the continued use of the roundsling. 9-6. (c) Repairs to protective covers shall be done only by a roundsling manufacturer or a qualified person. stretched. worn.8.8. 9-6. 9-6. pitted. Page 61 .Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. or snags that expose the core yarns of the roundsling. 9-6. Any conditions such as listed in para. In addition.8. (e) Repaired roundslings shall be proof tested to two times the vertical rated load before being put back into service.3 Frequent Inspection. (d) When repaired. (b) There shall be no repairs of load bearing yarns or fittings.5). 9-6. abrasive wear.8. Roundslings shall be inspected for damage at intervals as defined in para.9 Slings 9-6-8.8. cuts. visual observations should be conducted during regular service for any damage that appears between regular inspections. Complete inspections of the roundslings shall be performed at intervals as defined in para. 3 and 9-6. chemical. (j) Personnel shall not ride the roundsling.9 Slings Section 9-6. the load should be balanced to prevent slippage. and environment shall be selected in accordance with Sections 9-6. the legs of the roundsling should contain or support the load from the sides above the center of gravity so that the load remains under control.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30. with or without load. and from between the roundsling and the crane hook or hoist hook. (k) Shock loading should be avoided.6. •Page 52. (g) Portions of the human body shall be kept from between the roundsling and the load.9: Operating Practices (a) Roundslings having suitable characteristics for the type of load. (e) Roundslings shall be hitched in a manner providing control of the load. or where the temperature may be elevated. (q) When using a basket hitch. hitch. (d) Roundslings that appear to be damaged shall not be used unless inspected and accepted as usable under Section 9-6. personnel shall be alert for possible snagging (p) In a basket hitch. (h) Personnel should never stand in line with or next to a roundsling that is under tension. (c) Roundslings shall be shortened or otherwise adjusted only by methods approved by the roundsling manufacturer. (o) During lifting. Known dynamic loading shall be considered when determining the rated load requirement. (i) Personnel shall stand clear of the suspended load. (f) Sharp corners in contact with the roundsling should be padded with protective material of sufficient strength to minimize damage to the roundsling. (n) Load applied to the hook shall be centered in the base (bowl) of the hook to prevent tip loading on the hook. refer to Section 9-6. (l) Loads should not be rested on roundslings.6• Page 62 . Roundslings shall not be pulled from under a load if the load is testing on the roundsling (m) Roundslings should not be stored in an area where they may be subjected to mechanical.6. (b) The weight of the load shall not exceed the rated load of the roundsling. or ultraviolet damage.8. (w) For multiple leg roundslings used with nonsymmetrical loads. the guidance in Section 9-6.9 Slings (r) Roundslings shall be long enough so that the rated load is adequate when the angle of the legs is taken into consideration. (t) If extreme temperatures are involved. hook. •Page 53• APPENDIX A METRIC (SI) UNITS CONVERSION TABLE (This Appendix is not part of ASME B30. an analysis should be performed by a qualified person to prevent overloading of any leg.3.) -----------Equation ------------ Page 63 . 9-6. (s) Roundslings should not be dragged on the floor or over an abrasive surface. (v) Roundslings shall not be used as bridles on suspended personnel platforms.Reproduced from Information Handling Services® The 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code/99 Addenda© 1999 by ASME Thu Dec 09 21:48:18 2004 B30.3. or pinched by the load. see para.6 shall be followed. or any fitting. (u) Roundslings shall not be constricted. bunched.9-1996 and is included for information only.
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