Ashland

Performance SpecialtiesReference Guide Introduction Ashland Specialty Ingredients, a commercial unit of Ashland Inc., is recognized as one of the best global specialty ingredients and formulations businesses in the world. We strive to exceed our customers’ expectations through a relentless focus on our customers and innovation and by helping our customers to solve and improve their formulations anywhere in the world. Integral to the current success of our above-andbeyond efforts is Ashland’s exceptional technical service organization, which works directly with formulation and application scientists. We keep abreast of market trends to provide for our customers’ future needs. With over 15,000 employees in more than 100 locations around the globe, Ashland serves industries such as adhesives, coatings, oilfield, digital printing, electronics, household, industrial and institutional (HI&I), metallurgy and plastics – as well as markets as diverse as pharmaceutical, agricultural, food, beverage and personal care. Our product family of over 20,000 SKUs, while sometimes representing a relatively small portion of customers’ product, generally constitute key ingredients in the end products in which they are used. For more information, visit us at ashland.com. 2 Manufacturing Facilities North America Huntsville, Alabama Wilmington, Delaware Dalton, Georgia Calvert City, Kentucky Columbia, Maryland Freetown, Massachusetts Chatham, New Jersey Parlin, New Jersey Columbus, Ohio Lima, Ohio Kenedy, Texas Texas City, Texas Hopewell, Virginia Latin America Cabreuva, Brazil Europe Asia Pacific Doel-Beveren, Belgium Jiangmen, China Alizay, France Nanjing, China Sophia Antipolis, France Luzhou, China (Joint Venture) Marl, Germany Suzhou, China (Joint Venture) Horhausen, Germany Memmingen, Germany Zwijndrecht, Netherlands Newton Aycliffe, United Kingdom Poole, United Kingdom Performance Specialties Reference Guide Research and Development/ Technical Service Centers North America Wilmington, Delaware Columbia, Maryland Bridgewater, New Jersey Latin America São Paulo, Brazil Mexico City, Mexico Buenos Aires, Argentina Performance Specialties Reference Guide Europe Paris, France Sophia Antipolis, France Düsseldorf, Germany Memmingen, Germany Barendrecht, Netherlands Zwijndrecht, Netherlands Istanbul, Turkey Bradford, United Kingdom Asia Pacific Jiangmen, China Nanjing, China Shanghai, China Hyderabad, India Mumbai, India Pantech, Singapore Center of Excellence 3 Contents Introduction...........................................................................................................2 Contents ..................................................................................................................4 PRODUCT OVERVIEW ................................................................................. 5 Performance polymers .................................................................................... 8 Solvents, intermediates & surfactants ...................................................... 6 Specialty chemicals ........................................................................................... 9 Vinyl monomers .................................................................................................. 7 SOLVENTS, INTERMEDIATES & SURFACTANTS BLO™ solvent .......................................................................................................12 Butanediol intermediate ...............................................................................11 Butenediol intermediate ...............................................................................11 Butynediol intermediate ...............................................................................10 Propargyl Alcohol .............................................................................................10 Tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvents .................................................................12 PYRROLIDONES 2-Pyrol™ solvent.............................................................................................13 Easy-Wet™ 20 wetting agent ..................................................................18 Engineered solvents ....................................................................................16 Microflex™ microemulsifier ranges ......................................................18 M-Pyrol™ solvent...........................................................................................14 Other Alkylpyrrolidones CHP™ solvent...................................................................................................15 HEP™ solvent ...................................................................................................15 NEP™ solvent ...................................................................................................14 SURFACTANTS Dextrol™ and Strodex™ phosphate esters ........................................19 Surfadone™ solvent/wetting agent.....................................................17 VINYL MONOMERS V-Cap™ vinyl caprolactam............................................................................20 V-Pyrol™ vinyl pyrrolidone ...........................................................................20 PERFORMANCE POLYMERS Ambergum™ water-soluble polymers ...................................................43 Antara™ (Polectron™ 430) polymer .........................................................27 Antaron™ (Ganex™) polymers ....................................................................25 Aquaflex™ XL-30 copolymer........................................................................38 Aquaflex FX-64 copolymer ..........................................................................38 Aquaflex SF-40 polymer ...............................................................................32 Aquaflow™ polymers......................................................................................34 Aqualon™ ethylcellulose (EC)..................................................................... 46 Aquastyle™ 300 tetrapolymers ..................................................................32 AquaVIS™ ETD polymers ...............................................................................43 Bondwell™, Blanose™, Aqualon CMC......................................................42 Chromabond™ polymers..............................................................................33 Copolymer VC - 713 polymer .....................................................................31 Culminal™ methylhydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC).............................51 4 Culminal, Benecel™ methylcellulose ................................................49-50 Culminal, Benecel methylcellulose derivatives ................................. 48 Culminal, Benecel methylhydroxypropylcellulose (MHPC) .........50 Disintex™ disintegrants ..................................................................................24 EasySperse™ polymeric dispersant range ............................................37 Gafquat™ HS-100 polymer ...........................................................................28 Galactasol™ guar ...............................................................................................52 Gantrez™ AN copolymers .............................................................................35 Gantrez ES copolymers..................................................................................36 Gantrez MS copolymers ................................................................................36 Gantrez S copolymers ....................................................................................36 Gantrez copolymers ........................................................................................35 I-Rez™ 160 copolymer ....................................................................................37 Jaypol™ and Rapifloc™ acrylates ........................................................39-41 Klucel™ hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC)...................................................47 Natrosol™ hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) .........................................44-45 PVP K-series polymers ............................................................................. 21-22 PVP/VA polymers ..............................................................................................26 PVPP polymers ...................................................................................................23 RheoThix™ 601 thickening agent..............................................................34 Setleze™ 3000 copolymer ............................................................................29 Sorez™ 100 copolymer...................................................................................33 Sorez HS-205 and Gafquat copolymers.................................................28 Stabileze™ QM polymer.................................................................................36 Styleze™ 2000 and Acrylidone™ LM polymers ..................................30 Styleze W polymers .........................................................................................29 Styleze CC-10 copolymer ..............................................................................29 UltraThix™ P-100 crosspolymer ..................................................................30 Vinylcaprolactam polymers.........................................................................31 Vinylpyrrolidone copolymers .....................................................................25 Vinylpyrrolidone/Alkylaminomethacrylate and Alkylaminomethacrylamide copolymers .............................................27 ViviPrint™ 131 polymers.................................................................................29 ViviPrint PS-10 polymers ...............................................................................24 ViviPrint 540 polymers ...................................................................................23 SPECIALTY CHEMICALS Drewplus™ defoamers ...................................................................................56 Emulsifiers, dispersants and lubricants ..................................................53 Escalol™ UV filters .............................................................................................53 Iron Pentacarbonyl ...........................................................................................55 Micropowder™ iron .........................................................................................55 pHLEX™ neutralizing additive ....................................................................57 Ceraphyl™ and Cerasynt™ emulsifiers ....................................................54 BIOCIDES .....................................................................................................58-59 CHARTS ....................................................................................................... 60-77 NOTES...................................................................................................................79 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Product Overview This brochure is organized into five categories representing major chemical families of Ashland products: • Solvents, intermediates & surfactants • Vinyl monomers • Performance polymers • Specialty chemicals Solvents, intermediates & surfactants Pages 10–19 Vinyl monomers Page 20 Performance polymers Pages 21–52 • Biocides and Preservatives Specialty chemicals We invite you to explore Ashland’s broad range of innovative products and the many performance-enhancing properties they offer. Pages 53–57 Biocides & Preservatives Pages 58–59 Solvents, intermediates & surfactants The common characteristic of these chemicals is high solubility in hydrophilic media. • Propargyl Alcohol and Butynediol, due to their high electron density of the acetylenic bond, function as metal-complexing and corrosioninhibiting agents. • Butenediol, having a cis double bond enters into Diels-Alder Reactions and Butanediol finds application as a plasticizer and humectant. Dextrol™ and Strodex™ phosphate ester surfactants are leading technologies within our extensive portfolio of high-quality additives. These high-performance specialty surfactants exhibit superior wetting and emulsifying properties and are unique in that their compositions can be modified to achieve specific properties. Dextrol and Strodex phosphate ester surfactants demonstrate a strong viscosity profile and broad compatibility as well as good stability to a wide range of temperatures, pH and hard water. They provide corrosion inhibition, emulsification and dispersion properties. All four alcohols function as precursors to numerous derivatives such as esters, carbamates, polyesters and urethanes. • THF is an inert solvent for numerous polymer and organometallic reactions and is the precursor of polytetramethyleneglycol. • BLO™ gamma-Butyrolactone is a polar solvent for ionic substrates and functions as an acid donor in aqueous media at elevated temperatures. Pyrrolidones: This family of chemicals varies in properties as a function of substitution on the lactam nitrogen atom. All members are characterized by low vapor pressure, high flash point, high dipole moment, ready complex formation, surface activity as the alkyl chain lengthens and biodegradability when the alkyl chain is linear. • 2-Pyrol™ 2-pyrrolidone the first member, is used as a humectant, cosolvent with water, coalescent aid and plasticizer. The lower alkyl pyrrolidones, most notably M-Pyrol™ N-methyl-2 pyrrolidone, are excellent polymer solvents, paint and photoresist strippers, paint coalescents, industrial cleaners and extraction solvents. • The Surfadone™ alkyl pyrrolidones are hydrophobic in nature, functioning as excellent wetting agents and effective dispersing and cleaning aids. • Engineered solvents, based on M-Pyrol (N-methyl-2 pyrrolidone), are formulated to meet a variety of industrial cleaning requirements. 6 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Vinyl monomers Vinyllactams ethers are offered for applications based on the utility of their olefin linkage. • V-Pyrol™ Amine or Caustic N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone is water soluble and undergoes free radical homo- and copolymerizations as well as grafting reactions. V-Pyrol RC N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone is a low-viscosity reactive diluent for UV radiation curing processing. • V-Cap™ N-vinyl-2-caprolactam is only slightly soluble in water, but can function in many applications similar to V-Pyrol N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone. • Fully formulated UV-curable Gafgard™ coating systems impart abrasion and solvent resistance to a wide variety of surfaces. Performance Specialties Reference Guide 7 Performance polymers The largest family of polymers produced by Ashland is based on N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and cellulose ethers. These include polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) homopolymers and copolymers. The latter contain functionality from co-reactants, including vinyl acetate, PVP/VA, alpha-olefin, Ganex™/Antaron™ 1 copolymers. Dimethylaminoalkylenemethacrylate or -methacrylamide copolymers and their derivatives make up the Gafquat™ and ViviPrint™ product lines (the latter of which is used in inkjet media coating) and styrene and Polectron™/Antara™ 430 copolymers.2 We also have Chromabond™ vinylpyridine-based polymers containing either nitrogen oxide or betaine functionalities. Many properties are shared among the groups, but each also has unique characteristics, varying with structure. The following are examples: • PVP, high polarity, dispersancy, hydrophilicity, adhesion, cohesivity and high Tg. • PVP/VA, thermoplasticity, oxygen permeability, varying hydrophilicity and adhesion. • Ganex/Antaron copolymers, hydrophobicity, an emulsifier and dispersant for nonaqueous systems. • Gafquat copolymer, basicity, substantivity, and high charge density. • ViviPrint copolymer and terpolymer, ink-binding, water resistance, high gloss and transparency, light stability (fastness). • Polectron/Antara copolymers, thickening and opacifying emulsion. • Chromabond polymers, dye complexation and soil anti-redeposition. Ashland also offers polymers based on V-Cap reactive monomer. These include vinylcaprolactam homopolymers, copolymers with vinylpyrrolidone and terpolymers containing both lactam monomers and dimethylaminoalkylene-methacrylate or -methacrylamide. These polymers are generally more hydrophobic than the V-Pyrol™ reactive monomer-based products mentioned above but offer many of the functional properties inherent in the lactam ring. Among other applications, Inhibex™ polymers are highly efficient as inhibitors of gas hydrate formation. A range of alternating copolymers based on methylvinylether and maleic anhydride are produced by Ashland: 8 • The Gantrez™ AN family of methylvinylether/maleic anhydride copolymers are characterized by aprotic polar solvent solubility, reaction with protic compounds such as water, alcohols and amines with facile film formation. • The hydrolyzed Gantrez S polycarboxylic acid resins function as dispersants, divalent cation binding agents and polymeric acidifiers. Acrylate chemistry Ashland offers one of the world’s broadest portfolios of high-performing acrylate chemistry. The breadth of our product portfolio means that we can offer chemistry that is highly targeted to particular applications. Our products include rheology modifiers, dispersants, co-binders and emulsifiers that work as processing aids and performance enhancers for applications as diverse as paint and coatings, cleaning products, oilfield chemicals, textile manufacture, water treatment and more. Cellulose Ethers Cellulose ethers are divided into ionic and nonionic types. Nonionic cellulose ethers, which include Benecel™ methylcellulose methylhydroxyethylcellulose and methylhydroxypropylcellulose (Culminal™/Combizell™), hydroxyethylcellulose (Natrosol™), and Aqualon™ ethylcellulose and Klucel™ hydroxypropylcellulose carry electrically neutral substituents. The ionic cellulose ethers, e.g. Aqualon/ Blanose™/Bondwell™/AquaVIS™ sodium carboxymethylcellulose, contain substituents which are electrically charged. Nonionic cellulose ethers can be further classified by their solubility in cold, warm or hot water, and in solvents. Cellulose is a polysaccharide composed of anhydroglucose units, which are linked through beta-glycosidic bonds. The number “n” of anhydroglucose units in the polymer chain is defined as the degree of polymerisation (DP). Each anhydroglucose ring carries three free OH-groups at positions 2, 3 and 6. Ethers of cellulose are formed by substituting one or more of the three hydroxyl groups. The distribution of the substituents introduced onto the polymer chain is largely determined by the relative reactivity of these three OH-groups. Performance Specialties Reference Guide Specialty chemicals Ultraviolet absorbers: The Escalol™ family of UV absorbers are highboiling, water-insoluble liquid esters with broad absorption in the UV-B radiation region (290 to 320 nm). The number of substituted hydroxyl groups per anhydroglucose unit is expressed as DS or average degree of substitution. The DS can vary between 0 and 3. In the case of alkoxylation the molar ratio of alkoxy groups in the side chains to cellulose is specified and expressed as the average molecular substitution (MS). Instead of DS and MS, the weight percent of the substituents in the cellulose ether is often quoted. The use of one etherification agent in the substitution process results in a simple cellulose ether, whereas using different kinds of agents leads to mixed ethers. Industrial cellulose ethers are alkyl, alkylhydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and carboxyalkyl ethers. Carbonyl iron powder: Micropowder™ iron powders are characterized as fine, high-purity, micron-size spherical particles with superior electronic and magnetic properties. Aquaflow™ rheology modifiers Aquaflow nonionic synthetic associative thickeners (NSATs) are efficient thickeners for high-performance waterborne paints, adhesives and coatings. These easy-to-handle liquids build rheology in paints and coatings through self-association and interaction with other ingredients. Aquaflow rheology modifiers are based on hydrophobically-modified polyacetal-polyether (HM-PAPE) chemistry and are designed to function as a drop-in replacement for urethane-type (HEUR) thickeners. Foam Control Agents Drewplus™ and Advantage™ defoamers comprise a range of proprietary products that effectively control foam and entrained air in industrial processes and wastewater systems. In addition to collapsing or breaking down existing foam, the products remain on the water’s surface to prevent the formation of future foam. Ashland Specialty Ingredients offers a range highly efficient, hydrocarbon and vegetable oil-based and polysiloxane and polyglycol based anti-foaming agents. Emulsifiers, dispersants and lubricants: The Ceraphyl™ and Cerasynt™ product lines include a variety of water-insoluble esters and polyol-esters which are useful as emulsifiers, dispersants and lubricants. Biocides and preservatives If a product is made with water or comes in contact with it, Ashland’s biocides and preservatives can help protect it against bacteria, fungus and algae. Our offerings can preserve beauty, enhance performance, extend product life and protect user safety. Ashland’s biocides and preservatives are marketed under trusted brands such as Nuosept™, Fungitrol™, Bodoxin™, Bacillat™, Bakzid™, Ebotec™ and Cinon™. Today, our technologies are used in just about any application you can imagine – from coatings and household cleaning products to oil production and textile processing. (1) Ganex™ is sold as Antaron™ in Europe and Canada. (2) Polectron™ 430 is sold as Antara™ 430 in Europe and Asia Pacific. Performance Specialties Reference Guide 9 Solvents, intermediates and surfactants Propargyl Alcohol Butynediol intermediate (2-propyn-1-ol) (2-butyne-1,4-diol) APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS • Iron dissolution inhibitor in mineral acids. • Iron dissolution inhibitor in mineral acids. • Corrosion inhibitor during oil well stimulation and acid pickling. • Corrosion inhibitor during acid pickling. • Electroplating bath additive giving bright, uniform metal deposition without film formation. • Nickel electroplating bath additive giving bright, uniform metal deposition without film formation. • Precursor to Iodopropynylbutyl Carbamate (IPBC), a coating fungicide. • Oven cleaners. • Photoresist strippers. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Boiling point Vapor pressure Flash point Freezing point Viscosity Specific gravity 10 115°C 11.6mm Hg @ 20°C 35°C -50°C PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Boiling point Vapor pressure Flash point 1.6 cP @ 25°C Melting point 0.9485 @ 25°C Specific gravity 238°C 2.5mm Hg @ 100°C 157°C 54°C 1.17 @ 25°C CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY There are three reactive sites in propargyl alcohol; the triple bond, methyne hydrogen and hydroxyl group. The triple bond has a high electron density and thereby an affinity for a number of industrially important metals. Both the methyne and hydroxyl hydrogens can be substituted with appropriate chemical reagents. Butynediol intermediate is commercially available as a solid or in 50% aqueous solution. The triple bond in butynediol intermediate has a high electron density and an affinity for metals similar to propargyl alcohol. The two hydroxyl groups undergo typical reactions such as ethoxylation to produce Butoxyne™ 497 intermediate, a 100% active liquid with a melting point of approximately -15°C. Performance Specialties Reference Guide Solvents, intermediates and surfactants Butenediol intermediate Butanediol intermediate (2-butene-1,4-diol) (1,4-butanediol) APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS • Diels-Alder reactions to produce Vitamin B-6, endosulfan, etc. • Diacylation with bromoacetic acid to produce a paper slimicide. Boiling point 234°C Flash point 135°C Viscosity Specific gravity • Terephthalic acid to produce polybutylene terephthalate (PBT). • Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) yielding polyurethane foams, elastomers and adhesives. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Freezing point Butanediol intermediate is used mainly as a co-monomer in classical diol-condensation reactions with: 7°C 22 cP @ 25°C 1.07 @ 25°C CHEMISTRY Butenediol intermediate is a 93-97% cis isomer, facilitating its use in 1,4- addition reactions. The two hydroxyl groups undergo the typical reactions of alcohols. Butenediol intermediate readily dehydrates to 2,3-dihydrofuran in the presence of acids and polymerizes above 165°C. • Adipic acid to yield polyesters with biodegradability characteristics. In general, polymers produced from butanediol intermediate exhibit greater hydrophobicity, crystallinity, strength, hydrolysis resistance and better lowtemperature flexibility than those produced from ethylene glycol. • Physical properties of butanediol intermediate make it useful as a plasticizer and humectant. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Boiling point Vapor pressure Flash point Viscosity Specific gravity 228°C <0.075mm Hg @ 24°C 139°C 71.5 cP @ 25°C 1.017 @ 25°C CHEMISTRY Butanediol intermediate’s reactive sites are its hydroxyl groups, which undergo all the typical reactions of alcohols. In addition to the condensation reactions noted above, it can be converted to simple esters, halides, dehydrated to tetrahydrofuran and dehydrogenated to gamma-butyrolactone. Performance Specialties Reference Guide 11 Solvents, intermediates and surfactants THF solvent BLO™ solvent Tetrahydrofuran gamma-Butyrolactone APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS • Solvent for vinyl polymers used in PVC pipe adhesives, industrial cleaning, magnetic tape coatings, vinyl fabric topcoats among others. • Electrolyte dissociating solvent for nonaqueous capacitors. • Reaction medium for organometallic reagents, including linear low-density polyethylene catalyst manufacture. • Solvent for a wide spectrum of polymers and an effective substitute for chlorinated hydrocarbons. • Monomer for polytetramethylene glycol, a Spandex* intermediate. • Paint strippers, industrial cleaners and lithographic developers. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES • Hydrolyzed in water at elevated temperatures to yield 4-hydroxybutyric acid, leading to its use as an acid donor in nylon fiber dyeing. Boiling point Vapor pressure Flash point Freezing point Viscosity 66°C • Stabilizes urea in fertilizers. 161mm Hg @ 20°C -14°C -108.5°C 0.5 cP @ 20°C Dipole moment 1.75D Specific gravity 0.886 @ 25°C Dielectric constant • Photoresist stripper. 7.52 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Boiling point Vapor pressure Flash point Freezing point Viscosity 204°C 0.16mm Hg @ 20°C 93°C -44°C 1.2 cP @ 25°C Dipole moment 4.27D CHEMISTRY Specific gravity 1.124 @ 25°C THF solvent (stabilized with 250-400 ppm BHT) is an excellent polymer solvent, combining rapid dissolution and evaporation with significant solubilizing capacity for many high molecular weight polymers at moderate viscosity. It has unique characteristics in Grignard and other organometallic reactions. As noted above, THF solvent undergoes an acid-catalyzed ring opening polymerization reaction to produce polytetramethylene glycol. Dielectric constant 39.0 CHEMISTRY Although BLO solvent is stable under a wide range of conditions, at elevated temperatures and in the presence of appropriate reagents, it serves as an intermediate in a variety of useful syntheses such as: • Precursor to 2-pyrrolidone and the extensive family of alkyl pyrrolidones produced from ammonia and primary amines. • Reacting with phenols to yield phenoxybutyric acid derivatives with applications in pharmaceuticals and as photographic coupling agents. 12 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Solvents, intermediates and surfactants Pyrrolidones 2-Pyrol™ solvent The family of 2-pyrrolidones offered by Ashland has a variety of properties primarily derived from the unique features of the lactam ring and modified by substitution on the nitrogen atom. The general characteristics of these compounds result from the polar N-C=O linkage in the five-membered ring. The reactivity, physical properties and stability of these molecules result from the well-documented amide resonance. In anionic media, the partially positive nitrogen readily coordinates with negatively charged species while in acidic systems the electron-rich carbonyl oxygen is rapidly protonated. 2-Pyrrolidone APPLICATIONS • Solubilization of complex organic molecules in water. • Humectant and cosolvent in digital printing inks. • Coalescent or plasticizer for acrylic resins, especially in floor polishes, inks and adhesives. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Boiling point Vapor pressure Flash point Freezing point Viscosity 245°C <0.1mm Hg @ 20°C 129°C 25°C 13.3 cP @ 25°C Dipole moment 3.5D Specific gravity 1.116 @ 25°C CHEMISTRY The reactive site of 2-Pyrol 2-Pyrrolidone is its labile hydrogen on the nitrogen. It can undergo vinylation with acetylene, alkylation with alkylhalides and acylation with acylhalides. Hydrolysis produces gamma-aminobutyric acid. It is also available as a 95% active solution that freezes/solidifies at 12°C to ensure ease of handling. Performance Specialties Reference Guide 13 Solvents, intermediates and surfactants M-Pyrol™ solvent NEP™ solvent N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone N-Ethyl-2-Pyrrolidone APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS • Polymerization medium for polyethersulfones, polyaramids, polyesters and polyamide-imides. • Low-temperature reaction solvent for temperature sensitive pharmaceutical active ingredients. • Polyamide-imide diluent for wire enamel coatings. • Circuit board/defluxing/stencil cleaners - used as a co-solvent, usually in combination with other water-soluble solvents such as glycol ethers or tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol and surfactants for removal of flux residues, oils and greases. Used as an alternative for N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. • Paint and photoresist strippers. • Coalescent in latex paints allowing excellent formulation latitude. • Polydifluoroethylene solvent in rechargeable battery manufacture. • Industrial cleaners; neat or in combination with numerous other solvents. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES • Solvent for extraction of aromatics from lube oil. Boiling point • Solvent for separation of acetylene and butadiene from light hydrocarbon streams. Vapor pressure • High precision electronic cleaning agent. Freezing point Viscosity PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Boiling point Vapor pressure 202°C 90°C Freezing point -24°C 92.8°C < -70°C 3.5 cP 0.993 @ 25°C 1.7 cP @ 25°C Dipole moment 4.06 Debye @ 25°C Specific gravity 1.027 @ 25°C Dielectric constant Specific gravity 0.2 mm Hg @ 20°C 0.27 mm Hg @ 20°C Flash point Viscosity Flash point 200°C 32.2 Soluble in water and most organic solvents; sparingly soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons. CHEMISTRY M-Pyrol solvent is extremely resistant to hydrolysis from pH 2-10, even at elevated temperatures. Beyond these limits, hydrolysis to 4-(methylamino) butanoic acid occurs at a rate dependent on pH and temperature. A large body of chemistry has been developed on the reactions of strong nucleophiles with M-Pyrol solvent. High-purity, low-trace-metal grades are sold under the Micropure™ and Pharmasolve™ tradenames for the electronic and pharmaceutical industries respectively. 14 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Solvents, intermediates and surfactants HEP™ solvent CHP™ solvent N-Hydroxyethyl-2-Pyrrolidone N-Cyclohexyl-2-Pyrrolidone APPLICATIONS • Photoresist Strippers - used as a co-solvent, usually in combination with M-Pyrol™ N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent, to enhance performance by broadening solubility range. • Paint Strippers - as a solvent in high-temperature stripping applications for chemically resistance coatings. • Silkscreen Cleaners - as a co-solvent in cleaning formulations to enhance removal of inks from silkscreen fibers. • Hard Surface Cleaners - used as a co-solvent with glycol ethers in oven cleaning formulations. • Intermediate for alkoxylated derivatives used in gasoline additives. • Photoresist Strippers - used as a co-solvent, usually in combination with M-Pyrol N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and BLO™ gamma-Butyrolactone solvents to enhance performance by broadening solubility range. • Circuit Board Fabrication - used in chemical polishing of copper and copper alloys to increase the stability of hydrogen peroxide in acid brightening baths. • Dye Carrier or Dyeing Bath Additive - used in dyeing of aromatic polyamide fibers (i.e., Dupont’s Kevlar* and Nomex*, Teijin’s Conex*) as a swelling/diffusion agent to enhance dye and flame retardant penetration. • Paint Strippers - as a solvent in high temperature stripping applications for chemically resistant coatings. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Boiling point Vapor pressure APPLICATIONS 295°C <0.005 mm Hg @ 20°C Flash point 160°C Freezing point 20°C Viscosity 53 cP Specific gravity 1.139 @ 25°C It is also available as 95% active solution that freezes/solidifies at 12°C to ensure ease of handling. • Silkscreen Cleaners - as a co-solvent in cleaning formulations to enhance removal of inks from silkscreen fibers. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Boiling point Vapor pressure Flash point Freezing point Viscosity @ 25°C Specific gravity Performance Specialties Reference Guide 284°C <0.005 mm Hg @ 20°C 145°C 12°C 11.5 cP 1.026 @ 25°C 15 Solvents, intermediates and surfactants Engineered solvents Ashland produces a family of engineered solvents based on M-Pyrol™ n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone are designed to meet the needs of specific cleaning operations. These include ShipShape™ resin cleaner, FoamFlush™ urethane remover and PartsReady™ degreaser, which are recommended for unique applications when M-Pyrol n-methyl2-pyrrolidone alone cannot meet certain cleaning requirements. In addition to their excellent solvency, our engineered solvents are formulated for low VOC and low toxicity as they are replacements for methylene chloride, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and halogenated solvents. Engineered solvents products PRODUCT USES ShipShape resin cleaner FoamFlush urethane remover • Cleaning and flushing mixing heads, tools, conveyors and molds of rigid and flexible polyurethanes foams. PartsReady degreaser • Metal degreasing and specialty optics cleaning operations. Engineered solvents properties Physical Properties ShipShape resin cleaner urethane remover FoamFlush PartsReady Physical form @ 25°C Light yellow clear Clear liquid Clear liquid 1.07 1.05 1.03 Melting point °F (°C) 22.0 (-20.0) 22.0 (-20.0) 14.0 (-24.4) Boiling point °F (°C) 396-399 (202-204) 396-399 (202-204) 396 (202) Flashpoint °F (°C) 197 (91.7) 197 (88.3) 193 (89.4) 2.02 2.09 2.49 Density (g/ml) Viscosity @ 25°C (cP) 16 degreaser Performance Specialties Reference Guide Solvents, intermediates and surfactants Surfadone™ LP-100 solvent/wetting agent Surfadone LP-300 solvent/wetting agent N-Octyl-2-Pyrrolidone N-Dodecyl-2-Pyrrolidone APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS • Soil penetrant and softener in hard surface cleaners, laundry prespotters and metal cleaning. • High boiling solvent for polymers and hydrophobic substances. • Wetting agent for dishwashing, industrial and institutional cleaners. • Additive in hand or automatic dishwashing detergents. • Isopropyl alcohol replacement in fountain solutions. • Ingredient in pressure sensitive adhesives. • Substitute for fluorocarbon surfactants used for oil well stimulation. • Solvent for polymers and hydrophobic substances. • Pigment dispersion aid and pigment conditioning solvent. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES • Component of photoresist strippers. Boiling point • Wetting agent for aqueous systems. Flash point • Component in microemulsifying systems. Freezing point Viscosity PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Boiling point Vapor pressure Minimum equilibrium surface tension <0.001mm Hg @ 25°C 113°C Freezing point -25°C Minimum equilibrium surface tension Minimum dynamic surface tension 116°C 10°C 17 cP @ 25°C 26 mN/m @ 20 ppm 100°C @ 0.3mm Hg Flash point Viscosity 145°C @ 0.2 mm Hg 8 cP @ 20°C 28 mN/m @ 1200 ppm 35 mN/m @ 10 bubbles/sec CHEMISTRY Surfadone LP-300 wetting agent is sparingly soluble in water (0.02 weight percent) and soluble in most organic solvents. It is a low-foaming, nonionic surfactant with an HLB of 3 and has no critical micelle concentration. Like its lower homolog, Surfadone LP-300 wetting agent interacts with anionic surfactants forming mixed micelles that greatly enhances its solubility, resulting in a synergistic surface tension reduction and wetting enhancement. Appropriate combinations of Surfadone LP-300 wetting agent and anionic surfactants produce viscous solutions and gels. CHEMISTRY Surfadone LP-100 wetting agent is a low-foaming, nonionic rapid wetting agent with an HLB of 6 and having no critical micelle concentration. Due to the electron delocalized lactam ring, Surfadone LP-100 wetting agent interacts with anionic surfactant micelles. This greatly enhances its water solubility, resulting in a synergistic surface tension reduction and wetting enhancement at low concentrations. Performance Specialties Reference Guide 17 Solvents, intermediates and surfactants Easy-Wet™ 20 wetting agent Microflex™ microemulsifier ranges APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS • Hard surface cleaners. • Microemulsifiers for hydrophobic active solubilization. • Glass and tile cleaners. • Delivers permethrin active in pet shampoos. • Industrial and institutional cleaners. • Preparation of stabilized silicones delivered from aqueous solutions. • Textile processing. • Formulation of aqueous wood preservatives. • Pigment wetting. • Dispersions of waxes and polishes. BENEFITS BENEFITS • Faster wetting. • Optimized microemulsifiers with particle sizes < 0.06µ. • Lower use levels. • High solvency for many hydrophobic water-insoluble organic chemicals (active ingredients). • Low contact angles. • Concentrates prepared are compatible with high levels of emulsifiers (anionic and non-ionic). • Improved spreading on most surfaces. • Better equilibrium surface tension. • Enhanced cleaning performance. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Physical form PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Physical form Clear liquid pH (10 wt% aq.) 4.0-6.0 Viscosity @ 25°C 15-30 cP Specific gravity @ 25°C 0.92-0.95 pH Viscosity Specific gravity @ 25°C Yellow liquid 3.5 100-140 cP 1.0-1.1 CHEMISTRY Easy-Wet 20 wetting agent is a proprietary super-wetting agent in a convenientto-use liquid form. Easy-Wet 20 wetting agent is a cost-effective, premium wetter/ surfactant suitable for HI&I cleaning, textiles, pigments and other industrial applications where superior wetting and spreading performance is required. 18 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Surfactants Phosphate Esters Dextrol™ and Strodex™ phosphate ester surfactants are leading technologies within our every expanding portfolio of high performance additives. Dextrol and Strodex surfactants have been developed for high performance in a variety of end-use applications by engineering specific chemistries under precisely controlled reaction conditions. Dextrol and Strodex are unique mono- and di-ester phosphates that provide wetting, improve dispersion and emulsion stabilization, and provides corrosion protection. Product Phosphate Acid Source Dextrol OC-7525 Dextrol OC-70 Dextrol OC-78N Dextrol OC-6025 Salt Form Chemical Description/ Moles of EO NH4 10 Dextrol OC-70 Na Dextrol OC-60 NH4 Dextrol OC-180 Dextrol 0C-60 Dextrol OC-50 Dextrol OC-4025 Typical Active (%) Typical Viscosity (cPs at 25'C) Surface tension (0.1% Active in water, Ph 7) dynes/cm 25 600 36.2 10 89 15,000 36.2 6 25 600 26.5 K 6 45 600 30.1 Dextrol OC-15 Na 6 90 6,000 30.3 Dextrol OC-40 NH4 3 25 600 26.5 Dextrol OC-45N Dextrol OC-40 Na 3 82 8,600 26.5 Strodex FT-50K Strodex FT-100 K Phosphated Alcohol 50 < 100 50 Strodex SEK-50D Strodex SE-100 K Phosphate Coester Aliphatic Ethoxylate Mixture 50 100 27.9 Strodex TH-1 00 K Proprietary Blend 81 300 Strodex TH-4427 K Proprietary Blend 97 200 Strodex FT-428 K Proprietary Blend 92 800 Strodex PLF-100 Na Phosphate Coester 82 1500 Strodex LFK-70 K Phosphate Coester 70 400 35.8 28.4 Strodex PSK-28 K 55 50 Strodex NB-20 Proprietary Blend Na 99 500 Strodex PK-90 Strodex P-100 K Phosphate Coester Alcohol and Aliphatic Ethoxylate 90 7000 29.8 Strodex PK-95G Strodex P-100 K Phosphate Coester Alcohol and Aliphatic Ethoxylate 80 1700 29.8 Strodex PK-80N Strodex P-100 K Phosphate Coester Alcohol and Aliphatic Ethoxylate 68 1000 29.8 Strodex PK-0VOC Strodex P-100 K Phosphate Coester Alcohol and Aliphatic Ethoxylate 35 280 30.5 Strodex MOK-70 Strodex MO-100 K Phosphated Alcohol 70 Partial Gel >100K Strodex KM-OVOC Strodex MO-100 K Phosphated Alcohol 40 < 100 43 Strodex EHK-70 K Phosphated Alcohol 70 Partial Gel 43 Dextrol OG20/22 H Nonylphenol Ethoxylate (10 moles) 97 5,600 35.3 Dextrol OC-15 H Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Alcohol Ethoxylate (6 moles) 97 3,600 30.3 Dextrol OC-11O H Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Alcohol Ethoxylate (3 moles) 97 36,000 33.4 Dextrol OC-93Z H Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate 99 3500 Dextrol OC-70 H Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (10 moles) 97 800 36.2 Dextrol OC-60 H Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (6 moles) 97 800 30.1 Dextrol OC-40 H Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (3 moles) 97 800 26.5 Strodex FT-100 H Phosphated Alcohol 99 4000 50 Strodex LH-55 H Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Ethoxylate 80 10,000 Strodex SE-100 H Phosphate Coester of Aliphatic Ethoxylate Mixture 96 200 27.9 Strodex P-100 H Phosphate Coester of Alcohol and Aliphatic Ethoxylate 98 600 29.8 Strodex MO-100 H Phosphated Alcohol 98 l.300 43 Performance Specialties Reference Guide 19 Vinyl monomers V-Pyrol™ vinyl pyrrolidone V-Cap™ vinyl caprolactam N-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone N-Vinyl-2-Caprolactam APPLICATIONS • Reactive diluent for radical initiated UV radiation curing used in vinyl flooring, wood coatings, release coatings, inks, etc. • Numerous conventional polymerizations to generate an array of materials with a variety of properties as noted in the following polymer section. • Gafgard™ 233 formulated UV-curable coating containing V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone and a multifunctional acrylate is used to impart high levels of abrasion resistance to coatings for plastic lenses, protective window films, credit cards, etc. APPLICATIONS • Reactive diluent for radical-initiated UV radiation curing used in inks (especially silkscreening), vinyl flooring, wood coatings, release coatings, etc. • Conventional polymerizations to generate materials that have more hydrophobic character than analogous V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone based products. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Boiling point Melting point PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Boiling point Melting point Vapor pressure Flash point Viscosity 193°C @ 400 mm Hg 13°C <0.10mm Hg @ 20°C Flash point Viscosity 35°C <0.1mm Hg @ 20°C 114°C 3.5 cP @ 40°C 96°C 2 cP @ 25°C CHEMISTRY V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone is a clear liquid stabilized with insoluble sodium hydroxide or soluble N,N’-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine. The latter inhibitor is supplied in V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone at concentrations of 25 ppm and at 100 ppm, respectively, for radiation curing and nonradiation curing applications. This monomer is known to be a supercooled liquid well below its freezing point of 13°C. It can remain as a liquid at room temperature for extended periods. Rapid, exothermic crystallization under these conditions should not be confused with bulk polymerization. V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone accelerates UV curing rates as the reactive diluent. Typically formulated with an acrylate oligomer, it imparts its unique solution viscosity reduction and enhanced adhesion to non-polar substrates. The activated double bond of V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone facilitates its use in free radical homo- and copolymerizations and grafting reactions. The products of these reactions are either linear or crosslinked homopolymers and nonionic, anionic and cationic copolymers. Polymers from V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone are amorphous, and the pyrrolidone ring imparts hydrophilicity, adhesiveness, strength and complexing capability. 20 Vapor pressure 116°C @ 10mm Hg CHEMISTRY V-Cap vinyl caprolactam is a pale yellow crystalline solid stabilized with 10 ppm N,N’-di-sec-butyl p-phenylenediamine and having chemical reactivity characteristics similar to those cited above for V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone. Polymers synthesized from V-Cap vinyl caprolactam are significantly more hydrophobic than their V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone analogs but still exhibit the adhesiveness, strength and complexing capability characteristic of the lactam functionality. As with V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone, V-Cap vinyl caprolactam is a super cooled liquid and can remain as a liquid at room temperature for extended periods. Rapid, exothermic crystallization under these conditions should not be confused with bulk polymerization. V-Cap vinyl caprolactam accelerates UV curing rates as the reactive diluent. Typically formulated with an acrylate oligomer, it imparts unique solution viscosity reduction and enhanced adhesion to non-polar substrates. The activated double bond of V-Cap vinyl caprolactam facilitates its use in free radical homo- and copolymerizations and grafting reactions. The products of these reactions are either linear or crosslinked homopolymers and nonionic, anionic and cationic copolymers. Polymers from V-Cap vinyl caprolactam are amorphous, and the caprolactam ring imparts hydrophobicity, adhesiveness, strength and complexing capability. Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers PVP K-series APPLICATIONS • Dye transfer inhibition in detergents using PVP K-15 and K-30 to form complex fugitive. • Textile dye stripping and strike rate control through complexation and dispersion with PVP K-30. • Photoprocessing where sulfide salts are complexed by PVP K-30 in developing baths to inhibit redeposition on film. • Laundry detergents where PVP K-30 inhibits soil redeposition. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is a hygroscopic, amorphous polymer supplied as a white, free-flowing powder or a clear aqueous solution. Available in several molecular weight grades, they are characterized by K-value, and used in various applications. • Emulsion polymerization where PVP K-30 latex stabilizer, functioning as a protective colloid, facilitates redispersion of a “broken” latex end-use application. • Dispersions using PVP K-30 and K-90 for nonaqueous dye-and pigment-based writing ink delivery systems. • Production of expandable polystyrene, with PVP K-90 used as the protective colloid. • Polyvinylpyrrolidone and a number of its copolymers used as media components in digital inkjet printing. • Hollow fiber membrane manufacture in which PVP K-90 and K-30 create voids and hydrophilic domains in polysulfone membranes. • In oilfield cementing, PVP K-30 and K-90 serve as fluid loss control agents. • On lithographic plates using hydrophobic inks, PVP K-15 provides enhancement of the nonimage area. • PVP K-85 and 90 in stearate-based adhesive sticks for arts and crafts applications. • On both ends of toilet paper rolls, PVP K-60 is used as an adhesive. • In fiber glass sizing, PVP K-30 and K-90’s film-forming action promotes polyvinylacetate adhesion. • As combustible ceramic binders, PVP K-30 and K-90 enhance green strength. • In tablet binder formulations, PVP K-30 and K-90 are used for industrial and pharmaceutical applications. • In CRT fabrication using negative photoresist technology, PVP K-90 is used with a chemical crosslinker in water-based coating systems. • In production of electrolead hydrogels, PVP K-90 is crosslinked by E-beam irradiation to produce a conducting medium. • In metal quenchant bath, PVP K-60, K-90 and K-120 are effective thickeners. • PVP K-30 and K-90 are used for enzyme stabilization. • Production of nano-sized metal pigments. • Dispersant for carbon nano-fibers. Performance Specialties Reference Guide 21 Performance polymers PVP K-series (continued) CHEMISTRY PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Grade K-Value Range Molecular Weight 10-14 13-19 26-35 50-62 83-88 88-100 114-130 5,000 9,700 66,800 396,000 825,000 1,570,000 3,470,000 K-12 K-15 K-30 K-60 K-85 K-90 K-120 (GPC/MALLS) Water absorbtivity ~17% water @ 60% RH/20°C Glass transition temperature 130° - 180°C, increases with Mw to Max. 180°C Film formation Hard, glossy, transparent, oxygen permeable Film refractive index ~1.53 @ 25°C SOLUBILITY CHARACTERISTICS • Soluble in water and most polar solvents. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) can be plasticized with water and most common organic plasticizers. It is considered to be physiologically inert. Applications take advantage of one or more properties inherent in the polymer, typically due to the lactam ring. High polarity and the resultant propensity to form complexes with hydrogen donors, such as phenols and carboxylic acids, as well as anionic dyes and inorganic salts; Dispersancy, where components in a mixture are uniformly distributed through the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone. Hydrophilicity, where the substantial water solubility of PVP is its dominant feature and frequently a factor along with other properties valuable to numerous applications; Adhesion, taking advantage of the higher molecular weight PVP formulating in aqueous media, then evaporating sufficient water to generate a solid product for the desired application. Cohesivity, where cohesive strength is achieved through a variety of dry blending and granulation techniques. PVP is cross-linkable to a water insoluble, swellable material either in the course of vinylpyrrolidone polymerization, by addition of an appropriate multifunctional comonomer or by post-reaction, typically through hydrogen abstraction chemistry. • Insoluble in esters, ethers, ketones and hydrocarbons. PVP K-60, K-85 and K-120 are currently available only as aqueous solutions. All other PVPs are available as dried powder or in solution. 22 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers ViviPrint™ 540 polymers PVPP polymers PVPP (Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone) is a highly cross-linked, amorphous, white, free-flowing polymer produced through a unique proliferous (popcorn) polymerization. Although insoluble in water, acids, bases and organic solvents, the polymers offered have swell volumes of between 4 and 8 ml/g in water. PVPP strongly complexes with phenols such as tannins, flavonoids and dyes, adsorbing these compounds within its interior cavities. APPLICATIONS • Digital printing media. • Oilfield shale stabilization. • Rheology modifier. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Physical form 10-12% aqueous solution Brookfield viscosity 5,000-20,000 cps as supplied 650 cP @ 5% solids Molecular weight 600,000-800,000 (GPC)1 1,500,000-2,000,000 (MALLS) Tg 174°C CHEMISTRY ViviPrint 540 is produced by a proprietary in-situ process resulting in a 2-phase matrix consisting of soluble PVP and nanoscale PVP particles approximately 320 nm in size. This unique matrix allows for high viscosity, greater flexibility, better adhesion, curl resistance and improved water-fastness in inkjet media compared to PVP K-90. 1 Determined relative to polyethylene oxide standards Performance Specialties Reference Guide 23 Performance polymers Disintex™ disintegrants ViviPrint™ PS-10 polymers polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) APPLICATIONS • Tablet and granule disintegrants, high capillary activity and hydration capacity. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Physical Properties Disintex 75 disintegrant Disintex 200 disintegrant Chemistry PVPP PVPP inert salt Particle size 75µ 150µ APPLICATIONS Use level 2% 2% • Digital print media. • Hard tablet > 10 tons • Dishwashing tabs • Hard tablet > 10 tons • Dishwashing tabs • Water-softening tabs • Synergistic absorption effects with silica for both dye-and pigment-based inks. Applications • Improve silica aqueous dispersions by reducing hard pack. • Dye-binding pigment useful in non-aqueous coatings. CHEMISTRY Disintex disintegrants are propertiary blends of PVPP, cellulose and/or inert salts. They are used extensively as disintegrants in laundry and dishwashing detergent tablets, taking advantage of their swell volumes. The cross-linked PVPP homopolymers are highly hydrophilic and will rapidly absorb water on contact to swell and create internal stress points that will break-up tablets. 24 CHEMISTRY ViviPrint PS-10 is 100% PVPP with an average particle size of 15-30µ. The hydroscopic nature of pyrrolidone enhances the ability of PS-10 particles to absorb liquid rapidly, and its highly hydrophilic nature leads to rapid dispersion in water. Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers Vinylpyrrolidone copolymers Antaron™ (Ganex™) polymers The copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and a number of other vinyl monomers are described on the following pages. These products are used in applications that benefit from the unique characteristics of the pendant pyrrolidone ring in combination with the properties of the co-monomers’ functionalities. alkylated polyvinylpyrrolidone Sold as Antaron alkylated polyvinylpyrrolidone in Europe and Canada. APPLICATIONS Antaron alkylated PVP are relatively low molecular weight polymers varying in degree of hydrophobicity from water-soluble powder (P-904LC) to waterinsoluble flaked solid (WP-660) and are useful in the following applications: • Emulsifiers and dispersants in nonaqueous systems. • Desensitizer/wax dispersant in melt-cast explosives. • Dye dispersant for candles and shoe polish. • Water-resistant film former in wood coatings. • Kinetic inhibitor against hydrate formation in oilfield operations. • Asphaltene dispersant. • Pigment dispersant in solvent-based coatings and inks. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Grade Co-Polymer Composition1 Tg/ Melting Pt. Viscosity2 Supplied As P-904LC 90% VP, 10% C4 olefin 155°C 14 @ 25°Ca White powder V-516 50% VP, 50% C16 olefin 150°C 300 @ 25°C 55% actives in IPA V-216 20% VP, 80% C16 olefin Melting Pt. 8.5°C 2500 @ 50°Cc Viscous liquid V-220 30% VP, 70% C20 olefin Melting Pt. ~35°C 20M @ 80°Cd Wax WP-660** 20% VP, 80% C30 olefin Melting Pt. ~63°C Flaked solid ** Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory. 1 VP= Vinylpyrrolidone, C4 alpha-olefin= 1-butene, C16 alpha-olefin= 1-hexadecene, C20 alpha-olefin= 1-eicosene, C30 alpha-olefin= 1-tricosene. 2 Brookfield, cP. a) RVT#2, 20rpm/10%solids; b) RVT#3, 20rpm/as is; c) RVT#2, 20rpm/neat; RVT# 5, 20rpm/neat. CHEMISTRY Antaron resins are copolymers produced from alpha-olefin and vinylpyrrolidone. The alkyl component varies from a C-4 to C-30 moiety in concentrations from 10 to 80%. The combination of vinylpyrrolidone and alkyl functionalities produces a balance of dispersing and waterproofing capacity in the Antaron line. Performance Specialties Reference Guide 25 Performance polymers PVP/VA polymers vinyl pyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers APPLICATIONS PVP/VA polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. These properties, coupled with the ability to control their hydrophilicity through monomer composition, enable extensive industrial use: • In remoistenable, hot melt adhesives. • In repulpable, pressure sensitive adhesives, where the water solubility of PVP/VA S-630 facilitates recycling. • In a hot-melt adhesive for a diaper wetness indicator system. • As a binder for dry-film photoresists. PVP/VA polymer resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the freeradical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. PVP/VA polymers are thermoplastic resins with molecular weights ranging from approximately 15M-60M. Their glass transition temperatures vary from 70 to 115°C and hydrophilicity increases with vinylpyrrolidone content. PVP/VA polymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (30, 50, 60 and 70%), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. PVP/VA polymers with 60 and 70% vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50% aqueous solutions. • In solder masks utilizing aqueous processing. • Inkjet coatings improves print receptivity. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 26 CHEMISTRY PVP/VA Grade Supplied As ~Mw Glass Transition Temp. of Copolymer in °C; low to high Mw Range E-335, -535, -635, -735 50% Ethanol solution 29,000-57,000 69, 96, 106, 117 I-335, -535, -735 50% IPA solution 13,000-22,000 71, 89, 108 W-635, -735 50% Aqueous solution 15,000-27,000 99, 114 S-630 Dry powder 51,000 110 In addition to being soluble in alcohols, PVP/VA polymers dissolve in esters and ketones but are insoluble in ethers and aliphatic hydrocarbons. The water-soluble PVP/VA polymers exhibit a 5% aqueous cloud point, i.e. the 60% vinylpyrrolidone content resin has a minimum critical solution temperature of 68°C. Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers Chemical capabilities Antara™ (Polectron™ 430) polymer Vinylpyrrolidone/Alkylaminomethacrylate and Alkylaminomethacrylamide copolymers Sold as Antara 430 PVP/Polystyrene latex in Europe and Asia Pacific. APPLICATIONS Antara 430 polymer, with a glass transition temperature of approximately 100°C, gives transparent, thermoplastic films that readily adhere to glass, plastics and metals. The emulsion, compatible with many polymers and surfactants, is typically used as: • An opacifier and thickener for cleaning products. • Hydrophobic coating for inkjet recording media. • Oil-resistant coatings. See pages 27 – 30 • Cold-seal adhesive component. APPLICATIONS CHEMISTRY Antara 430 polymer is a white, thermoplastic, 38-41% solids, latex produced as a graft, emulsion copolymer of 30% polyvinylpyrrolidone and 70% styrene in the presence of an anionic surfactant. The size distribution of the emulsion is such that 90% of the particles are <0.5 micron with a maximum 25°C viscosity of 750cps @ pH 2.0-5.0. Polectron 430 polymer is thermally and mechanically stable in the presence of a variety of ionic compounds. The viscosity is unaffected after three freeze-thaw cycles between ambient and -20°C; the emulsion is unbroken at 25°C after 1/2 hr @ 10,000 rpm and does not coagulate on addition of 1% hydrochloric acid, calcium chloride, alum or sodium borate. Performance Specialties Reference Guide These polymers have a number of unique properties such as substantivity to anionic materials that make them useful as: • Dye receptors in inkjet and digital printing media. • Adjuvant for electrodeposition of copper in printed circuit board fabrication. CHEMISTRY The copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl-methacrylate (VP/DMAEMA, X=O, y=2) or vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide (VP/DMAPMA, X=N, y=3) are supplied as viscous solutions in either water or ethanol. These polymers serve to a great extent as precursors for cationic polymers through quaternization reactions on the pendant tertiary amino function. They are described on the following pages. 27 Performance polymers Sorez™ HS-205 and Gafquat™ copolymers Gafquat HS-100 polymers vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate copolymers (VP/ DMAEMA) vinylpyrrolidone/methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride copolymer Two VP/DMAEMA copolymers are quaternized with diethylsulfate-producing Gafquat 755/755N and Gafquat 734 VP/DMAEMA, which give transparent, glossy, tack free, flexible films. The polymers are substantive to negatively charged surfaces and compatible with anionic and amphoteric surfactants. The copolymer of methacrylamidopropyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride (MAPTAC) and vinylpyrrolidone, Gafquat HS-100 vinylpyrrolidone/methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride opolymer gives transparent, glossy and tack-free flexible films. Amide linkage in the MAPTAC moiety imparts greater hydrolysis resistance. Typical of this cationic polymer family, Gafquat HS-100 vinylpyrrolidone/ methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride opolymer is substantive to negatively charged surfaces and compatible with anionic and amphoteric surfactants. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.) PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 28 Product Solution Mw1 Tg Brookfield Viscosity2 Copolymer 845 20% H20 1,000,000 172°C 20,000-70,000 Copolymer 937 20% H20 1,000,000 104°C 20,000-70,000 Copolymer 958 50% Ethanol 80,000-150,000 100°C 60,000-90,000 Gafquat 755/755N VP/DMAEMA 20% H20 1,000,000 155°C/149°C 20,000-70,000 Gafquat 734 VP/ DMAEMA 50% Ethanol 60,000-110,000 140°C 30,000-70,000 Sorez HS205 VP/ DMAEMA 20% H20 1,000,000 172°C 20,000-70,000 1 Determined by GPC using polyethyleneoxide standard. 2 cP as is, @22-23°C, RVT #7, 30 rpm. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Product Solution Mw1 Tg Gafquat HS-100 vinylpyrrolidone/ methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride opolymer 20% H20 900,0001,200,000 184°C 1 Determined by GPC using polyethyleneoxide standard. 2 cP as is, @22-23°C, RVT #7, 30 rpm. Brookfield Viscosity2 50,000125,000 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers Styleze™ CC-10, ViviPrint™ 131 and Setleze™ 3000 copolymers vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer Styleze W polymers vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide/ methacryloylaminopropyl lauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride terpolymer APPLICATIONS • Digital printing media (ViviPrint 131 vinylpyrrolidone/ dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer). • Settling agent for hard surface cleaner (Setleze 3000 vinylpyrrolidone/ dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer). • Thickener for strong acid formulations such as toilet bowl cleaners. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Properties APPLICATIONS Styleze CC-10 vinylpyrrolidone/ ViviPrint 131 and Setleze dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide 3000 vinylpyrrolidone/ copolymer dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer • Inkjet receptive media. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Physical form Slightly hazy aqueous solution 6,000-24,000 % Solids 10% (W-10), 20% (W-20) 1,500,000-2,000,000 pH (as is) 3.5-5.0 Nanoparticles No Yes Viscosity Neutralized H2SO4 HCI <5000 cP (W-10) 40,000-100,000 (W-20) Tg 161°C 167°C Molecular weight 2,700,000 Tg 135°C pH (as is) 6.0-8.0 6.5-7.8 Viscosity (cP) 10,000-35,000 Mw 1,200,000-1,500,000 CHEMISTRY These high molecular weight copolymers have a strong affinity for anionically charged substrates, which can be further enhanced through quaternization. It produces transparent, flexible, high-gloss coatings with improved water resistant. Cross-linking significantly improves water resistance. Presence of the amide linkage imparts greater hydrolysis resistance. Compatible with nonionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactant, soluble in ethanol and water, insoluble (Styleze CC-10 vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer) and partially soluble (ViviPrint 131 and Setleze 3000 vinylpyrrolidone/ dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer) in acetone. ViviPrint and Setleze vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer are produced by a proprietary in-situ process resulting in a 2-phase matrix consisting of soluble copolymer and nanoscale particles approximately 320 nm in size that impart improved water-resistance, light fastness and curl resistance in digital media applications. Performance Specialties Reference Guide CHEMISTRY Styleze W polymers are random terpolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide and methacryloylaminopropyl lauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride. They promote and stabilize foam through their ability to reduce surface tension, excellent adhesion to high energy substrates and are flexible, elastic, low-tack and heat-resistant films. Additional solution viscosity improvements can be achieved by the addition of salts. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.) 29 Performance polymers Styleze™ 2000 and Acrylidone™ LM polymers UltraThix™ P-100 crosspolymer vinylpyrrolidone/acrylic acid/lauryl methacrylate terpolymer acrylic acid/VP crosspolymer APPLICATIONS • High efficacy styling gels. • Rinse aid in automatic dish detergent. • Metal quenching. • Inkjet receptive media. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Physical form White, free flowing powder Molecular weight 1,010,000 (MALLS) APPLICATIONS Tg 176°C • Clear gels. • Emulsion Stabilizer. CHEMISTRY Styleze 2000 is a high molecular weight, film-forming anionic terpolymer composed of vinyl pyrrolidone and a acrylate backbone with a hydrophobic pendant C-12 chain. IT is insoluble in ethanol and water until neutralized for easy dispersion. Exhibits synergistic thickening when combined with associative rheology modifiers. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Physical form White, powder Acid Number 340 - 390 Viscosity (1% aq., 75% neutralized) 35,000 - 65,000 cps CHEMISTRY Ultrathix P-100 is an anionic polymer. It is a shear thinning rheology modifier with high Brookfield yield to suspend solids. Compatible with anionic, nonionic and some cationic polymers. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.) 30 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers Vinylcaprolactam polymers Copolymer VC-713 polymer APPLICATIONS vinylpyrrolidone/vinylcaprolactam/ dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate terpolymer Vinylcaprolactam-derived polymers give hard, glossy transparent films with excellent adhesive and cohesive properties. These products are also available in 2-butoxyethanol for application as kinetic gas hydrate inhibitors. The polymers also find use in many of the markets noted for polyvinylpyrrolidone. In general, vinylcaprolactam imparts reduced water solubility and cloud point relative to vinylpyrrolidone-based polymers while enhancing the hydrophobicity of the resin. Sold as Gaffix™ VC-713 vinylpyrrolidone/vinylcaprolactam/ dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate terpolymer in North America. GAS HYDRATE INHIBITORS A range of V-Cap™ and V-Pyrol™ homo- and copolymers are available in a variety of solvents to facilitate uninterrupted flow in natural gas field pipelines at varying environments defined by brine content, temperature, pressure, composition and residence time from field to collection point. They are cited below as Inhibex™ polymers. APPLICATIONS • Gas hydrate inhibition. • Flocculating agent. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 1 2 Polymer Monomer Composition Solution Mw1 Viscosity2 Inhibex 301 VCL/DEAEMA 50% butoxyethanol 6-9x103 5000-10000 Inhibex 501 50% VCL/ 50% VP 50% butoxyethanol 3 5-8x10 3000-6000 Inhibex 505 VCL/VP/AMPS 40% Aqueous Ethylene Glycol 3-5x103 1000-5000 Inhibex 510 VCL/HEMA 50% butoxyethanol 2-4x103 2000-10000 Inhibex BIO-800 VCL/VOH/VA 55% butoxyethanol 2-4x103 2500-7500 Determined by GPC using polyethylene oxide standard Brookfield cP, as is, @25°C, RVT #3, 20rpm Performance Specialties Reference Guide • Film former in hair styling products. • Inkjet receptive media. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Physical form Viscous ethanol solution Molecular weight 82,700 Tg 152°C CHEMISTRY Vinyl caprolactam imparts increased hydrophocity and reduces tack. Water soluble film former, pseudo-cationic functionality, substantive to negatively charged surfaces. Quaternization yields cationic polymer; compatible with anionic, nonionic and cationic surfactants, silicones and thickeners. 31 Performance polymers Aquaflex™ SF-40 polymer Aquastyle™ 300 tetrapolymer vinylcaprolactam/vinylpyrrolidone/ dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide terpolymer tetrapolymer of vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl caprolactam, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide and methacryloylaminopropyl lauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS • Film-forming polymer in hair styling products. • Film-forming polymer in hair styling products. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Physical form Aqueous-alcoholic viscous liquid % Active ~30% Relative Viscosity (1% in 0.2 N LiNO3) 1.90 - 2.35 Molecular Weight ~35,000 CHEMISTRY Tg 160°C Transparent, flexible glossy films; pseudo-cationic, substantive to negatively charged surfaces; quaternization yields cationic polymer; decreased tackiness and improved hydrocarbon compatibility due to V-Cap™ reactive monomer; water and ethanol soluble. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.) Cloud Point 46°C (4% solids in aqueous solution) Physical form Clear viscous ethanol solution Molecular weight 37,500 Tg 119°C CHEMISTRY Transparent, flexible glossy film, cationic substantive to negative charged surfaces. Association with hydrophobically modified gellant to increase viscosity over nonionic polymers. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.) 32 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers Chromabond™ polymers Sorez™ 100 copolymer polyethylene glycol polyester copolymer APPLICATIONS • Soil release agent in laundry detergents, fabric softeners and pre-and post-wash stain removers. • Ironing aid. Chromabond S-100 dye-complexing polymer (US only) Chromabond S-400 dye-complexing polymer PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Physical form Slightly turbid amber liquid % Solids 75-77% APPLICATIONS US only • Dye transfer inhibitors. CHEMISTRY • Hard surface cleaners. A modified polyester copolymer concentrate in water-soluble form. The product imparts wicking properties to hydrophobic textiles. It provides soil release and anti-redeposition properties while reducing the electrostatic charge of treated polyester. The polymer forms a thin film on the substrate, enabling effective soil removal during subsequent wash cycles. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Physical Properties Physical form Chromabond S-100 dyecomplexing polymer Chromabond S-400 dyecomplexing polymer Chromabond S-403E dyecomplexing polymer Aqueous solution Aqueous solution Aqueous solution % Solids 38-42 38-42 33-37 Viscosity (cP) 850 350 90 Molecular weight 35,000 28,000-32,000 9,000-17,000 pH (5% solution) 4-7 4-5 4-5 CHEMISTRY Chromabond polymers contain either nitrogen oxide (S-400 and S-403) or betaine (S-100) functionalities. Chromabond dye-complexing polymers is a new family of premium dye transfer inhibitors (DTI), developed and used in color-safe laundry detergents. Chromabond polymers demonstrate superior complexing of fugitive dyes at cost-effective levels under different temperatures and surfactant environments. Its chemical structure promotes dye complexation up to 60°C, while resisting interaction with anionic surfactants. Chromabond polymers are soluble in water and water-alcohol mixtures but insoluble in most other solvents. Performance Specialties Reference Guide 33 Performance polymers RheoThix™ 601 thickening agent Aquaflow™ (Hydrophobically Modified Polyacetal-Polyethers) sodium polyacrylate Aquaflow rheology modifiers are nonionic synthetic associative thickeners. Thickening results from self-association and association with the latex particles. They are surface active, stable over a broad pH range (4 - 12), and more salt tolerant than commercial HEURs (Hydrophobe-modified Ethoxylated Urethanes). Aquaflow product line contains both high-shear and low-shear nonionic thickeners. APPLICATIONS • Adhesives. • Caulking. • Sealants. APPLICATIONS • Inks. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Physical form Off-white, milky dispersion % Active 57-59 Viscosity 500 - 2000 cP • Water-based adhesives. • Water-based coatings. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHEMISTRY RheoThix 601 thickening agent is an anionic, pseudo-plastic thickening agent, emulsifying and stabilizing ingredient that improves performance. It can be incorporate into the water phase, into the oil phase and after the oil is emulsified to provide uniform thickening without neutralization, pre-swelling or pre-heating. The recommended use level is 0.2 - 2.5% based on solid content. Physical Properties NLS-200 NLS-210 NLS-220 NHS-300 NHS310 XLS-500 XLS-525 % solids 25 25 21 20 21 40 34 Carrier Water/ butyl carbitol Water/ butyl carbitol Water Water Water Water/ surfactants Water/ surfactants Approx Viscosity, cps 4,000 3,000 2,000 5,000 1,500 1,200 1,600 Shear Low Low Low High High CHEMISTRY Aquaflow polymers have poly(acetal- or ketal-polyether) backbone that are either linear or branched. The polyethers (as precursors for the final polymer) are water soluble polyalkylene oxide or copolymers of polyalkylene oxides. The hydrophobes are chosen to balance rheological properties and hydrophobic/ hydrophilic interactions. 34 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers Gantrez™ copolymers PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Grade Viscosity1 Molecular Weight2 AN-119 0.1-0.5 130,000 AN-139 1.0-1.5 690,000 AN-149 1.5-2.5 1,250,000 AN-169 2.6-3.5 1,980,000 1 1% in MEK @25°C, Cannon Fenske, Tube Size 100 2 SEC/LALLS detector Reaction of the anhydride functional group with essentially any molecule having an “active hydrogen” opens a wealth of opportunities to synthesize useful derivatives. CHEMISTRY Gantrez AN copolymers polymethylvinylether/maleic anhydride copolymer APPLICATIONS Because of their unique chemical structure and reactivities, Gantrez copolymers function well as: Gantrez AN copolymers contain alternating units of methylvinylether and maleic anhydride. The fundamental character of this polymerization requires that a maleic anhydride unit must be adjacent to a methylvinylether unit and vice versa, resulting in a true alternating copolymer. As shown in the table above, Gantrez AN (anhydride form) copolymer is available in the molecular weight range of 130M-2500M. The polymers are white, hygroscopic powders soluble in tetrahydrofuran and M-Pyrol™ solvent; insoluble in aliphatic and halogenated hydrocarbons. All four grades have a glass transition temperature of 151-154°C, independent of molecular weight and form transparent, tack-free films. • Dispersants for fluorescent light phosphors. • Microcapsule clusterants in carbonless paper and latex systems. • Complex coacervates with gelatin to form the microcapsule wall in carbonless paper. • Calcium encrustation inhibitors in laundry detergents. • Acid layers in diffusion transfer film to neutralize alkaline developers and dyes. • Intermediates in adhesive applications and liquid laundry detergent stabilizers. • Imide derivatives for anti-reflective layers on silicon wafers prior to photoresist coating and light exposure. • Gas fade inhibitors for Spandex* fibers. • Water retention aid in concrete. • Metal sequestrant. • Anionic polyacids. Performance Specialties Reference Guide 35 Performance polymers Gantrez™ S copolymers Gantrez ES copolymers poly(methylvinylether/maleic acid) copolymer poly(methylvinylether/maleic acid) half esters copolymer APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS • Calcium encrustation inhibitors in laundry detergents. • Pigment dispersants in cosmetic formulations. • Dispersant aid. • pH-dependent soluble films (enteric coatings). • Aluminum surface conditioning. • Diagnostic test strips. CHEMISTRY • Base-activated adhesive for peel-apart instant film. Ethyl, isopropyl and n-butyl half esters are produced by opening up the anhydride in alcohol. These polymers, based on Gantrez AN-119 copolymer, are sold as 50% solutions in ethanol or isopropanol. They are water-soluble when neutralized greater than 40% using either an organic or inorganic base. Adhesive strength can be adjusted through controlling the degree of neutralization. Films are flexible, clear and glossy and have improved water resistance compared to Gantrez S copolymer. CHEMISTRY Gantrez S95 and S97 copolymers have repeating co-maleic acid units produced by hydrolysis of Gantrez AN copolymer. The polycarboxylic acid derivatives with a pH of ~2 at 5% concentration are available either as viscous solutions or white powders. The vicinal dicarboxylic acid functionality of these materials is useful in a number of applications. The free acid forms are water-soluble, giving clear and tacky films. Solution rheology can be modified by the addition of salts and bases. Stabileze™ QM polymer poly(methylvinylether/maleic anhydride decadiene) crosspolymer Gantrez MS copolymers poly(methylvinylether/maleic acid) mixed-salts copolymer APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS Stabileze rheology modifiers yield clear, aqueous gels that are shear thinning and slightly thixotropic, having good shear, temperature and UV A radiation stability. Stabileze crosspolymer is effective as a rheology modifier for: • Bioadhesives. • Thickener. • Inkjet coatings. • Coatings and inks. • Sealants. CHEMISTRY • Electroconductive gels. Gantrez MS-955 copolymer is a mixed salt of sodium/calcium and is supplied as a free-flowing powder. The copolymer is soluble in water and produces solutions with high viscosity. • Deicing fluids. • Pigment dispersant. CHEMISTRY Stabileze QM polymer is produced in a manner similar to that of Gantrez AN copolymer but with the added monomer decadiene present to yield a crosslinked, water-swellable resin. The polymer is a white, free-flowing powder with a glass transition temperature of approximately 150°C. The solid can be dispersed in water without coagulating, and the anhydride function will hydrolyze directly or through the action of base. A neutralized 0.5% solution in water at pH 7 and 25°C has a viscosity range of 45,000-70,000 cP. 36 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers EasySperse™ polymeric dispersant range I-Rez™ 160 copolymer (poly(methylvinylether/maleic acid) -butyl ethyl ester, sodium salt) isobutylene/maleic anhydride copolymer 8 8 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES APPLICATIONS Physical form Free flowing white powder • Dispersant for hydrophobic insectides, fungicides, herbicides. Molecular weight 78,000-94,000 • Dispersant for hydrophobic organic compounds (fragrances, emollients, essential oils, etc.). Tg 164°C CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY EasySperse dispersant is a copolymer of the monobutyl/ethyl ester of poly (methyl vinyl ether/maleic acid) partially neutralized with sodium hydroxide. The material is supplied as a 25% aqueous solution and is an excellent film former. Performance Specialties Reference Guide I-Rez 160 copolymer is a linear, alternating copolymer of isobutylene and maleic anhydride that forms transparent, tack-free films and reacts with alcohols/amines to yield half esters/amides. Soluble in aprotic solvents, and forms gels with ketones and esters. Water solubility control by degree of neutralization. Insoluble in alcohol and aliphatic hydrocarbons. 37 Performance polymers Aquaflex™ FX-64 copolymer Aquaflex XL-30 copolymer isobutylene/ethylmaleimide/hydroxyethylmaleimide copolymer isobutylene/dimethylaminopropyl maleimide/ethoxylatedmaleimide/ maleicacid copolymer APPLICATIONS • Film former. • Adhesive/cohesive properties. APPLICATIONS • Film former, flexible coating with low coefficient of friction. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Physical form Yellow viscous liquid Molecular weight 39,000 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Tg 135°C Physical form Straw-like hazy, viscous aqueous solution Molecular weight 86,000 CHEMISTRY Aquaflex FX-64 copolymer is an imidized isobutylene/maleic anhydride copolymer that produces low-tack, glossy films supplied as 40% hydroalcoholic solution. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.) 38 CHEMISTRY Aquaflex XL-30 copolymer is an isobutylene dimethylaminopropylmaleimide/ ethoxylated maleimide/maleic anhydride copolymer that produces highly flexible, glossy and humidity-resistant films and forms clear gels with anionic rheology modifiers. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.) Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers Acrylates CHEMISTRY ASI has a very comprehensive range of dispersant polymers to suit all applications that require this type of chemistry. The acrylic dispersant range have various applications and many of them are multi-purpose. Due to the molecular structure and/or monomer composition both the acrylic acid homopolymers and copolymers which be most suited to different scale or dispersing/stabilizing applications. Linear anionic polyelectrolytes - fully water soluble that act via electrostatic and steric effects. They are available as sodium, (S), ammonium,(A), and partially neutralized,(HN), solutions. Typical molecular weights between 1500 and 6500 and polydispersity between 1.5-2.5 and range of degree of neutralization. COPOLYMERS APPLICATIONS • Water conditioning, (boiler and cooling water), oilfield, paint and pigment, inks dispersion, oilfield scale and thinning applications. In oilfield minerals requiring inhibition also include barium and strontium whereas in water conditioning it is mainly calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc. Product Type Active solids (%) pH Mw PD Jaypol HS61 Sulphonated 40 ~4 4500 – 6500 2.0 - 2.5 Jaypol HN70 Maleic 45 ~7 1500 - 2500 1.5 – 2.0 • Dispersants for adhesives generally use the ammonium salt rather than the sodium salt of the polymer. Jaypol S71** Maleic 50 ~7 20000 1.5 – 2.0 Jaypol F Isobutylmethacrylate 40 ~7 4500 – 6500 2.0 – 2.5 • Calcium carbonate dispersion in both mineral processing industries to transport the minerals such as calcium carbonate, talc, etc for paper coatings. Jaypol AF Isobutylmethacrylate 40 ~7 4500 – 6500 2.0 – 2.5 Jaypol HSD Methacrylic/ butylacrylate 38 ~7 _ 2.0 – 2.5 ** POLYACRYLIC ACID HOMOPOLYMERS CHEMISTRY Acrylic acid copolymers are polymerized with various comonomers such as maleic anhydride, sulphonated monomers such as AMPS, methacrylic acid, and isobutylmethacryate. There are available as sodium (S) and partially neutralized (HS) solutions. They have improved scale-inhibition compared to AA homopolymers in some applications with higher temperature and salt tolerance stability, improved threshold inhibition, crystal growth inhibition and particulate dispersion. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Product Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory. Active solids (%) pH Mw PD JaypolTM S40 40 ~7 4500 - 6500 2.0 - 2.5 Jaypol S44 40 ~7 4500 – 6500 2.0 - 2.5 Jaypol A40 40 ~7 4500 – 6500 2.0 – 2.5 Jaypol HN43 48 ~3.5 2000- 3000 1.5 – 2.0 Jaypol HN44 45 ~5 4500 - 6500 2.0 – 2.5 Performance Specialties Reference Guide 39 Performance polymers Acrylates (continued) METHACRYLIC ACID/ETHYLACRYLATE COPOLYMERS Methacrylic Acid / Ethyl Acrylate copolymers act as thickeners. They are alkali swellable (ASE) or hydrophobically modified alkali swellable (HASE) polymers. They are generally used in aqueous, highly filled and surfactant systems. APPLICATIONS Product Type Active Salt solids tolerance (%) Temperature Solution tolerance quality Jaypol AS40 A.S.E 30 Low High Clear with slight opalescence Pseudoplastic; drop flow/ plastic nature Jaypol AS100 A.S.E 30 Moderate High Clear water white Pseudoplastic; gel Rheology type (at 0.8% solution) Product Area Jaypol EM15 A.S.E 18 Low High Clear water white Pseudoplastic; stringy nature Jaypol™ EM15 • “Flocculant” in oilfield • Textile rheology modifier – carpet backing Jaypol AT1 H.A.S.E 30 High Moderate Clear water white Newtonian flow Jaypol AT2 H.A.S.E 30 High Low Jaypol AS40 • Matt emulsion paint • Wood coatings • Spray applications • Adhesives/Sealants Clear water white Hybrid rheology; flow Jaypol AT4 H.A.S.E 30 High Low Clear water white Pseudoplastic; drop flow/gel Jaypol AS100** ** PHYSICAL PROPERTIES • Low quality mat paint • Wood coatings • Spray applications • Adhesives/Sealants • HI&I Jaypol AT1 • Gloss • Semi-gloss paint Jaypol AT2** • Semi-gloss paint • Screen printing inks • Flexographic printing inks and over lacquers • HI&I Jaypol AT4 • Matt/emulsion paint • Adhesives • Wood coatings • Screen printing inks • HI&I CHEMISTRY Methacrylic Acid/Ethylacrylate copolymers are supplied as aqueous emulsions at pH 2 – 3 with typical molecular weights 20000 to 40000. They are supplied with a range of cross-linking and hydrophobicity to optimize rheological properties and develop rheology by swelling mechanism of addition of suitable alkali with optimum rheology development between pH 6 – 12. Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory. LIQUID DISPERSION POLYMERS Jaypol AL range is high molecular weight liquid dispersion polymers which when added to water swell to give thickening. The polymers are effective over a pH range of 4 to 12. One shot additive that can be incorporated at any stage of the formulation manufacturing process and can provide an opacifier effect. 40 Product Active solids (%) Textural response pH Paint Adhesive Sealants Textiles HI&I Jaypol AL 60 ~7 S P P Jaypol AL2 60 P P Jaypol 213 50 Promoting texture, spread ability – non flow rheology Secondary effect produces opacity ~6 ~4 S P Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers Acrylates (continued) POLYAMINE SELF CROSSLINKING EMULSIONS The Jaypol™ B series are coating film-forming polymer with varying degrees of tensile strength and abrasion resistance. They are colorless films used as replacement or in conjunction with urea/formaldehyde or melamine/ formaldehyde. Jaypol B2 and B3 offer softer more flexible films than Jaypol B5. APPLICATIONS Product name % active Viscosity (cP) Rapifloc™ CS-3WPG 50 350 Rapifloc 83 50 175 Rapifloc 85 50 350 Rapifloc 87 50 650 Rapifloc 87HV 50 5000 Rapifloc CS-3WG is the potable water grade. • Textiles • Adhesives POLYDADMAC • Co-binder in paints and coatings • Automotive Product name % active Viscosity (cP) Jaypol R conc*** 40 2000 ***Also available as a low solids version. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Primary coagulant for water clarification, potable water and reduces or eliminates the need for prior addition of inorganic coagulants. • White aqueous emulsion • Self cross-linking Improves “wet fastness” properties of direct and reactive dyes. Product Type Jaypol B3 Deposit (trash) control in papermaking process. pH Tg EA:MAA:NMA:MMA 4 8 Jaypol B5 EA:MAA:NMA:MMA 4 28 Homo and co-polymers of acrylamide Jaypol B2HC EA:MAA:NMA:MMA 8 -14 Supplied in a wide range of physical forms: solution, liquid dispersion, and (LDP), emulsion or powder grade. POLYDADMAC AND POLYAMINE Supplied in a range of anionic to cationic products (Rapifloc A and C series), along with the non-ionic powder Rapifloc N-10008. Supplied in a wide varying molecular weight range, cross linking, charge densities and active contents, and there use is specific to the desired application. The main application areas are: They are supplied as variable molecular weight at 40 -50% active solution polymers, with a high degree of cationic charge, and are effective over a wide pH range. They act by the destabilization of colloidal particles and charge neutralization. There primary application is as coagulants for the removal of turbidity, colloidal material and the precipitation of color. They are also used as dye fixatives for the textiles applications. Performance Specialties Reference Guide Oilfield, Civil engineering: Mud viscosifier, shale swell inhibition and friction reducers Agriculture: Anti-capping, erosion control, improved water filtration, hydro-seeding lubricants and water absorbents. They are also used as alternative rheology modifiers for extreme acid and alkali formulations. 41 Performance polymers Bondwell™, Blanose™, Aqualon™ carboxymethyl cellulose PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CMC Category Grade L Type 7 Ultra Low 7UL Extra Low 7EL Low-Low Low-Medium Low-High Medium-Low CMC is a cellulose ether, produced by reacting alkali cellulose with sodium monochloroacetate under controlled conditions. It is an anionic water soluble polymer. M Batteries / Electronics Medium-High High-Low Applications Lithium Ion Batteries Carbon Dispersant Product Types or Functions Binder, Film Former, Dispersion Rheology Modifier, Suspension Agent, Binder, Extrusion Aid, Water Flow Blocking Agent Civil Engineering, Building and Construction 42 Medium Commercial and Institutional - Light Industry Industrial Cleaners Anti-redeposition Aid, Rheology Controller Mining and Extraction Mineral Processing, Mining Selective Flotation Depressant, Pellet Binder, Mineral Dispersant Adhesives and Sealants Adhesives and sealants Suspension Agent, Thickener, Film Former Advanced Ceramics Advanced Ceramics Binder (Plasticizer and Green Strength), Rheology Modifier, Controlled Water Release, Suspension Agent Ceramics, Pottery and Porcelain Ceramic Glazes, Traditional Ceramics Binder, Film Former, Green Strength Additive, Rheology Modifier, Suspension Agent, Thickener, Water-retention Agent Foundries and Refractories Refractories Binder, Green Strength Enhancer, Rebound or Slumping Reducer, Stabilization Agent Housewares and Consumer Freezer Gel Gel Enhancer, Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent, Thickener Textiles Textiles Film Former, Rheology Modifier, Sizing Agent, Thickener Tobacco Reconstituted Tobacco, Leave Glue Binder, Suspension Agent Pulp and Paper Paper, Paper Coatings, Pigment Slurries Rheology Modifier, Suspension and Stabilization Agent, Thickener, Water-retention Enhancer 9 Viscosity limits, mPa•s @ 25 °C 12 Range Concentration 12UL 10 - 25 6% 20 - 60 6% 9EL 7L1 90 - 130 6% 7L2 150 - 250 6% 7L3 400 - 750 6% 7L 25 - 50 2% 7M1 50 - 100 2% 100 - 200 2% 300 - 600 2% 7M2 9M2 7M 7M8 9M8 12M8 200 - 800 2% 600 - 1200 2% 1500 - 3100 2% 3000 - 6500 2% 1500 - 2500 1% 2500 - 4500 1% 7H5S 3500 - 5500 1% 7H9 4000 - 9000 1% 7M12 APPLICATIONS Markets DS Type H High High-High 7M31 9M31 7M65 9M65 7H 7H4 9H4 12M31 The top figure shows the structure of the cellulose molecule; it is visualized as a polymer chain composed of repeating cellulose units (in brackets). These, in turn, are composed of two anhydroglucose units (ß-glucopyranose residues). In this structure, n is the number of anhydroglucose units (which are joined through 1,4 glucosidic linkages), or the degree of polymerization, of cellulose. Each anhydroglucose unit in the polymer contains three hydroxyl groups. By substituting carboxymethyl groups for some of the hydrogens of these hydroxyls, as shown in the bottom figure, sodium carboxymethylcellulose is obtained. The average number of hydroxyl groups substituted per anhydroglucose unit is known as the “degree of substitution,” or DS. For example, DS Type “7” has a DS of 0.7. If all three hydroxyls are replaced, the maximum theoretical DS of 3.0 (impossible in practice) results. Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers AquaVIS™ ETD polymers Ambergum™ water-soluble polymers Carboxymethyl cellulose Ambergum water-soluble polymers are low molecular weight cellulose polymers supplied as either powder or aqueous solution. They provide viscosity control and wetting uniformity. In addition, the anionic versions of Ambergum water-soluble polymers show dispersion properties, useful in many applications to stabilize particles. AquaVIS ETD polymers are easy to disperse, high-quality, water-soluble polymers designed to control rheology and water retention of many water-based fluid systems such as bentonite based slurries. They provide all the known properties and advantages of carboxymethyl cellulose ethers (CMC) in rheology control, but provide faster dissolution without the known drawbacks such as aggregates and gels; the need for high shear mixing; and the resulting wastage due to incomplete mixing and dissolution. They are designed to maximize polymer benefits in bentonite-based drilling fluids for civil engineering applications such as well-water drilling, horizontal drilling and slurry-wall construction in equipment limited situations. AquaVIS ETD polymers are powders that easily disperse and dissolve quickly even under on-site poor mixing conditions.. When dispersed in aqueous systems, AquaVIS ETD polymers produce near instantaneous, lump-free, and viscous solutions/suspensions. The polymers will also dissolve in near freezing cold-water applications AquaVIS ETD polymers are used as a fluid rheology modifier, water retention agent, fluid loss reducer, protective colloid and stabilizer against contaminants. AquaVIS ETD polymers can be used either alone (polymer systems) or in combination with minerals, such as bentonite clay. The AquaVIS ETD polymers series are NSF ANSI-60 approved ensuring quality and consistency for use in portable water drilling applications. APPLICATIONS • Lithographic Fountain Solutions - Ambergum water-soluble polymers are a cost-effective alternative to gum arabic to provide clean viscosity control and unique rheology in gumming and fountain solutions. They function as wetting agents and can replace isopropyl alcohol in some systems. Ambergum water-soluble polymers are produced from reliable and stable raw material sources. When used in fountain solutions, they can help prevent emulsification, bleeding of the ink and can provide more uniform wetting of the printing plate. • Civil Engineering – Ambergum 1221 water-soluble polymers provide rheology control and enhance fluid loss control when used with bentonite in tunneling and drilling applications. Product Charge Physical State % Active Ambergum 1221 water-soluble polymer Anionic Free flowing powder 100% Ambergum 3021 water-soluble polymer Anionic Pale amber liquid 30% Ambergum 3085 water-soluble polymer Nonionic Pale yellow-green liquid 40% The polymers can also be used in most any industrial applications were classical carboxymethly cellulose water soluble polymers are used. They share all the benefits of classical CMC’s like rheology modification and control without the drawback of slow dissolution and aggregation. Additional markets are: • Explosives manufacture • Ceramic glaze • Waterborne adhesives Product Viscosity (mPa) AquaVIS ETD MV polymer 250-6001 AquaVIS ETD VHV polymer 3300-45002 Appearance Moisture pH Purity Free flowing offwhite powder 8% maximum 6.0-8.0 Minimum 98% AquaVIS ETD UHV Min 50002 polymer 1 2% Brookfield LV 25 °C/30rpm 2 1% Brookfield LV 25 °C/30rpm Performance Specialties Reference Guide 43 Performance polymers Natrosol™, Natrosol B hydroxyethyl cellulose Natrosol hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), a nonionic, water-soluble polymer is a white, free-flowing granular powder. Solutions of Natrosol HEC are pseudoplastic or shear-thinning. Natrosol HEC is easily dissolved in cold or hot water to give crystal clear solutions of varying viscosities. Furthermore, low to medium molecular weight types are fully soluble in glycerol and have good solubility in hydroalcoholic systems containing up to 60 percent ethanol. Natrosol HEC is generally insoluble in organic solvents. 44 APPLICATIONS Markets Applications Product Types or Functions Building and Construction External Insulation and Finishing Systems (EIFS), Joint Compound, Spray Textures, Tile Adhesives, Caulks and Sealants, Welding Rods Bond Strengthener, Lubricity and Workability Enhancer, Rheology Modifier, Stabilizer, Suspension Agent, Suspension Agent and Stabilizer Commercial and Institutional Fiberglass, Industrial Cleaners Formation Aid, Rheology Controller, Thickener Energy Cement Slurries, Completion/Workover Fluids Cement Extender, Filtration Control Additive, Rheology Modifier Adhesives and Sealants Wallpaper adhesives Latex adhesives Plywood adhesive Thickening and lubricity Thickening and water-binding Thickening and solids holdout Advanced Ceramics Advanced Ceramics Suspension Agent Ceramics, Pottery and Porcelain Traditional Ceramics Suspension Agent Paint and Coatings Emulsion Polymerization, Waterborne Architectural Coatings Protective Colloid, Surface Activity, Rheology Modifier Building and Construction External Insulation and Finishing Systems (EIFS), Joint Compound, Spray Textures, Tile Adhesives, Caulks and Sealants, Welding Rods Bond Strengthener, Lubricity and Workability Enhancer, Rheology Modifier, Stabilizer, Suspension Agent, Suspension Agent and Stabilizer Commercial and Institutional Fiberglass, Industrial Cleaners Formation Aid, Rheology Controller, Thickener Energy / Civil Engineering Hydraulic Cements Cement Slurries, Completion/Workover Fluids Cement Extender, Filtration Control Additive, Rheology Modifier Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers Natrosol™ HEC, Natrosol B HEC (continued) VISCOSITY SPECIFICATION OF NATROSOL mPa•s AT 25 °C Viscosity measured at a concentration of Brookfield LVF setting Molecular Weight1 B-types** Non-B Non-R 1% 2% 5% Spindle RPM HHBR HHR HH 3.400-5.000 – – 4 30 1.3 x 106 H4BR H4R – 2.600-3.300 – – 3 30 1.1 x 106 HBR HR H 1.500-2.500 – – 3 30 1.0 x 106 MHBR MHR – 1.000-1.500 – – 3 30 – MBR MR M – 4.500-6.500 – 4 60 7.2 x 105 – KR – – 1.500-2.500 – 3 30 – – GR G – 250-450 – 2 60 3.0 x 105 – JR – – – 250-400 2 60 – – – E – 25-105 – – – – – – J – – 150-400 – – – – LR L – – 100-180 1 30 9.0x 104 ** B-biostable grade 1 molecular weight is estimated or calculated from intrinsic viscosity measurements CHEMISTRY The Natrosol HEC polymer is a hydroxyethyl ether of cellulose. The structure of the cellulose molecule shows its chain composed of anhydroglucose units. By treating cellulose with sodium hydroxide and reacting with ethylene oxide, hydroxyethyl groups are introduced to yield a hydroxyethyl ether. B grades are more biostable with enhanced resistance to enzymatic degradation due to their substitution pattern. Performance Specialties Reference Guide 45 Performance polymers Aqualon™ EC PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ethyl cellulose Ethoxyl Grade(b) and Ethoxyl Percent Viscosity(a) Types Aqualon ethylcellulose (EC) is a cellulose ether distinguished by its versatility. As a unique product with wide-ranging solvent solubility and film flexibility at low temperatures, ethylcellulose is frequently used in electronics in addition to a variety of other applications. EC provides high solution clarity, good thermal stability, even burnout and has very low decomposition temperatures. Aqualon EC is a key binder for gravure printing inks as well as a thickening binder in flexographic and screen printing inks. In these applications, Aqualon EC polymers provide scuff resistance, adhesion, fast solvent release, film formation and outstanding rheology control. Aqualon EC is soluble in a wide range of organic solvents, but is not water-soluble. APPLICATIONS 46 Markets Applications Product Types or Functions Electronics Solar Cells Plasma Display Panel Binder, Film Former, Rheology Modifier, Thickener Packaging, Converting and Printing Inks Binder, Film Former, Rheology Modifier, Thickener N-Grade T-Grade X-Grade Designation Limits (cps) 48.0-49.5% 49.6-51.5% 50.5-53.8% 4 3.0-5.5 X — — 7 5.6-8.0 X — — 10 8.0-11 X X — 14 12-16 X — — 22 18-24 X — X(c) 50 40-52 X X — 100 80-105 X X — 200 150-250 X X 300 250-350 X X (a) 5% solution at 25° C. Viscosity is determined in 80:20 toluene:ethanol by weight on oven dried EC sample (b) types produced are designated X (c) Viscosity is 18-35 cps — CHEMISTRY Ethylcellulose is a cellulose ether made by the reaction of ethyl chloride with alkali cellulose, as expressed by the reaction: RONa + C2H5CI ROC2H5 + NaCI, where R represents the cellulose moiety. The structure for the cellulose molecule is a chain of β anhydroglucose units joined together by acetal linkages. This is indicated in above. These long, oxygen-linked anhydroglucose-unit chains have great strength, which is passed on to cellulose derivatives such as ethylcellulose. The properties of flexibility and toughness in these derivatives are directly attributable to this long-chain structure. The commercial product, has a substitution value between 2.25 and 2.60 ethoxyl groups per anhydroglucose unit, or 44-52 percent ethoxyl content. Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers Klucel™ HPC PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Concentration in Water Brookfield Viscosity (25°C, LVF, Moisture Free) hydroxypropyl cellulose 1 wt% 2 wt% 5 wt% 10 wt% Mw Grade Klucel hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is a nonionic water soluble cellulose ether with unique combination of properties, soluble in cold water and polar organic solvents, surface active, forms films of exceptional flexibility without addition of plasticizers and is a thermoplastic polymer which can be extruded or injection molded. APPLICATIONS Markets Applications Printing & Inks Lithography – alcohol replacement, water & solvent inks thickener Suspension Polymerization PVC secondary protective colloid, controls porosity Injection Molding Formation of intricate parts, binder for filler or active material Ceramics Processing aid, water retention, green body strength Tobacco Binder, film former, processing aid for reconstituted tobacco, Paint Removers Thickener, retard solvent loss, cling on vertical surface Adhesives Solvent based systems or hot melts Encapsulation Stabilizer, wall forming polymer Performance Specialties Reference Guide H 1,275 - 3,500 - - - 1,150,000 M - 3500 - 7500 - - 850,000 G - 125 - 400 - - 370,000 J - - 125 - 450 - 140,000 L - - 65 - 175 - 95,000 E - - - 250 - 800 80,000 CHEMISTRY Hydroxypropylcellulose is manufactured by reacting alkali cellulose with propylene oxide at elevated temperatures and pressures. The propylene oxide can be substituted on the cellulose through an ether linkage at the three reactive hydroxyls present on each anhydroglucose monomer unit of the cellulose chain. Published information suggests that etherification takes place in such a way that hydroxypropyl substituent groups contain almost entirely secondary hydroxyls. The secondary hydroxyl present in a side chain is available for further reaction with the oxide, and chaining out may take place. This results in formation of side chains containing more than one mole of combined propylene oxide. 47 Performance polymers Culminal™, Benecel™ methyl cellulose and its derivatives CHEMISTRY Methylcellulose and its derivatives are made by reacting alkali-cellulose with methyl chloride (resulting in methylcellulose, MC) and ethylene oxide (resulting in Methyl Hydroxyethyl Cellulose, MHEC) or propylene oxide (resulting in Methyl Hydroxypropyl Cellulose, MHPC) under rigidly controlled conditions. The resultant nonionic polymers are purified, dried and ground to a fine white powder, which is readily soluble in cold water. Tradenames are Culminal (technical) and Benecel (purified). 48 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers Methyl Cellulose FEATURES • Water Retention APPLICATION PROPERTIES - Higher viscosities have better water binding properties • Cold water solubility • Thermogelling temperature • Solubility in organic solvents (special substitution) - Higher methoxyl substitution leads to a lower thermogelling temperature • Water retention • Adhesive power • Rheology control/thickening/stabilizing effect - Lower viscosities giver better adhesion than higher viscosities • Thermogelling - Lower substitution level types give more adhesion • Binding • Quality of solution • Protective colloid/suspension/emulsion effect - Higher substitution leads to clearer solutions • Adhesive power • Gel strength • Film formation - Higher methoxyl substitution causes a higher thermogel strength • Controlled release properties PHYSICAL PROPERTIES • Active content on dry basis: min 98% • Moisture content: Culminal™ max 8% Benecel™ max. 5% • Sodium Chloride content: Culminal max 1.5% Benecel max. 0.8% • Bulk Density: Culminal 200-550 g/l Benecel 200-600 g/l • Coarse max. 1% on 0.8mm & 55-90% on 0.2mm/ LaserDv50: 250min.-450max. • P1-Type 3-10% on 0.2mm / LaserDv90: 255min.-330max. • P-Type 1-8% on 0.2mm / LaserDv90: 255min.-330max. • PF-Type max. 8% on 0.125mm / LaserDv90: 170min.250max. • PFF-Type max. 40% on 0.063mm / LaserDv90: 170min.250max. •R retarded dissolving version for easy solution make-up Performance Specialties Reference Guide 49 Performance polymers Culminal™, Benecel™ methylcellulose PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Type Spec Average Viscosity Brookfield RVT (mPa•s) @20oC OCH3 20% <=> 30% POOH 2% <=> 12% Benecel E3 3 high high Benecel E5 5 high high Benecel E6 6 high high Benecel E15 15 high high Culminal MHPC 15 S 15 high high • Designed for use as water retention aids, thickening and film-forming agents, protective colloids, suspending and emulsifying agent. Benecel E50 50 high high Benecel F50 50 high medium • Thermogelling properties (Temperature lower than MHPC and MHEC) Benecel F50 PFF 50 high medium Culminal MHPC 50 50 high medium Benecel K100LV 100 low high Benecel K99 C 100 low high Culminal MHPC 100 100 low medium Culminal MHPC 400 R 450 high low Benecel F450 500 high medium Culminal MHPC 500 PF 500 high low Benecel F4M C 4000 high medium Benecel K4M 4000 low high PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Type Spec Average Viscosity Brookfield RVT (mPa•s) OCH3 20% <=> 30% Benecel A15 15 high Benecel A15C 1600 high Benecel A40M 18500 high Benecel A4C 450 high Benecel A4M 4000 high Culminal MHPC 3000 P1R 4000 high low Culminal MC 2000 S 2500 very high Culminal MHPC 843 4000 medium high Culminal MC 3000 P 4000 medium Benecel E4M 4100 high high Culminal MC 7000 PF 8000 medium Benecel E10M 6700 high high Culminal MHPC 6000 PF 7000 high low Culminal MHPC 6000 R 7500 high low Benecel K15M 10000 low high Culminal MHPC 20000 S 15000 very high low Culminal MHPC 724 18500 high medium Culminal, Benecel methylhydroxypropylcellulose (MHPC) • Designed for use as adhesives, binders, extrusion aids, plasticizers, protective colloids, rheology modifiers, stabilization agents, thickeners and water-retention agents. Benecel K35M 19000 low high Culminal MHPC 20000 P 24000 high low Culminal MHPC 20000 PFR 24000 high low Culminal MHPC 20000 PR 24000 high low Culminal MHPC 20000 R 24000 high low Benecel K100M 30000 low high Culminal MHPC 1034 30000 low high Culminal MHPC 1034 R 30000 low high Benecel K200M 60000 low high • Thermogelling properties depending on the substitution pattern 50 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance polymers Culminal™ methylhydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC) APPLICATIONS AND RELATED FUNCTIONS OF METHYL CELLULOSE AND ITS DERIVATIVES • Designed for use as adhesives, binders, extrusion aids, plasticizers, protective colloids, rheology modifiers, stabilization agents, thickeners and water-retention agents. • Thermogelling properties depending on the substitution pattern (higher than MHPC’s) Culminal MHEC 3000 PFSM Adhesive, Binder, Film Former AgChem Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent, Film Former Emulsions Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent Ceramics Extrusion Aid, Binder, Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent Metal Processing Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent Mineral Slurries Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent Mining Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent Paint Removers Rheology Controller, Thickener, Film Former Paper Coatings Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent, Film Former Pulp & Paper Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent Suspension Polymerization Protective Colloid, Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Type Adhesives Spec Average Viscosity Brookfield RVT (mPa•s) @20oC OCH3 20% <=> 30% EOOH 1% <=> 10% 3000 low low Benecel™ ME 233 P 4700 low low Combizell DE 6000 R 7000 high low Culminal MHEC 6000 PFS 7000 low high Culminal MHEC 6000 PR 7000 high low Culminal MHEC 8000 10000 low high Culminal MHEC 15000 PFF 20000 low high Culminal MHEC 15000 PFR 20000 low high Culminal MHEC 15000 PFS 20000 low high Combizell DE 25000 P 0 5 R 30000 low high Culminal MHEC 25000 PFF 30000 low high Culminal MHEC 35000 P1R 40000 low high Culminal C4053 45000 high high Culminal MHEC 40000 P1 45000 low high Culminal MHEC 40000 PF 45000 low high Culminal C4051 75000 high high Performance Specialties Reference Guide Tobacco Adhesive, Binder, Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent 51 Performance polymers Galactasol™ guar PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Guar is a nonionic hydrocolloidal. It is not affected by ionic strength or pH, but will degrade at pH extremes at temperature (e.g. pH 3 at 50°C). It remains stable in solution over pH range 5-7. Strong acids cause hydrolysis and loss of viscosity, and alkalies in strong concentration also tend to reduce viscosity. It is insoluble in most hydrocarbon solvents. Guar gum shows high low-shear viscosity but is strongly shear-thinning. It is very thixotropic above 1% concentration, but below 0.3%, the thixotropy is slight. Product Name Grade Viscosity Hydration Rate Comments Galactasol 20H1M 1200 cps @ 1% Moderate Mix to disperse Galactasol 20H2M 2000 cps @ 1% Moderate Mix to disperse Galactasol 20H3C 3500 cps @ 1% Slow Coarse Type Galactasol 20H4M 5000 cps @ 1% Moderate Mix to disperse Galactasol 20H4F 4000 cps @ 1% Fast Mix Mix to disperse Galactasol 20H5F1 5000 cps @ 1% Fast Mix to disperse Galactasol 20H5FD 5000 cps @ 1% Fast < pH 6 Dispersible type Viscosity measured after 2 hours at 25°C on a Brookfield RVT viscometer at 20 rpm. CHEMISTRY Guar gum is a polysaccharide composed of the sugars, galactose and mannose. The backbone is a linear chain of β 1,4-linked mannose residues to which galactose residues are 1,6-linked at every second mannose, forming short side-branches. APPLICATIONS 52 Textile Used in printing and dyeing carpets Paper Used in the mfg of white & cardboard paper for dry strength fiber retention and improving drainage and yields Fire Fighting Used as a viscosifier in fire retardant solutions dropped from airplanes to control the spread of forest fires Explosives Used as a water blocking agent Mining Electrowinning (Copper Purification), Froth Flotation AgChem Hydro-mulching, Hydro-seeding, Drift Control Performance Specialties Reference Guide Specialty chemicals Escalol™ UV filters Emulsifiers, dispersants and lubricants Ashland offers a number of UV absorbers for industrial applications under the Escalol trademark. The three octyl-esters, Escalol 557, 587 and 597 UV absorbers, are high-boiling, water-insoluble liquids, have strong and broad absorption in the UV-B region between 290-320 nm and refractive indices in the range of 1.50-1.55. The benzophenone derivatives, Escalol 567 and 577 UV absorber, are solids also having absorbance in the UV-B region. Ashland has a broad family of water insoluble esters and hydroxyesters sold under the Ceraphyl™ and Cerasynt™ trademarks as lubricants, dispersants and emulsifiers. These chemicals typically are surface active and find use in HI&I, plastics, textile, photography, inks and coatings markets. A variety of esters are available with a range of properties, including liquids and waxy solids. In addition, amide and quaternary-ammonium salts are available. A representative group of this product line is shown on the following page. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ** Grade Chemical Name 507 2-Ethylhexyl-pdimethylaminobenzoate 517 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-terbutylphenyl) propan-1,3-dione 557 2-Ethylhexyl-p methoxycinnamate 567 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone 577 5-Benzoyl-4-hydroxy-2methoxybenzene sulfonic acid 587 2-Ethylhexyl salicylate Bp 150°C @ 3mm Hg 598 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3diphenylacrylate Bp 218°C @ 1.5mm Hg HMS Homosalate S ** 2,2-[6-(4-methoxyphenyl)1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl] bis {5-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]phenol} Boiling or Melting Point Bp 362°C Mp – 81-86 °C Bp 198-200°C Mp 62°C min. Mp >120°C Mp – 80°C Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory. Performance Specialties Reference Guide 53 Specialty chemicals Product Chemical Name Applications Product Chemical Name Applications Ceraphyl™ 28 Hexadecyl lactate • Tissue paper lotion • Printing plate protection Ceraphyl ODS Octyldodecyl stearate • Polycarbonate mold release agent Ceraphyl 31 Lauryl lactate • Tissue paper lotion Ceraphyl RMT Castor oil monomaleate Ceraphyl 41 C12 - C15 Alkyl lactate • Plasticizing effects Ceraphyl SLK Isodecyl neopentanoate Ceraphyl 45 Bis (2-ethylhexyl) malate • Dispersant aid for electroluminescent devices Cerasynt 945 Glyceryl stearate and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether • Inkjet inks, pigment dispersion Ceraphyl 50 Tetradecyl lactate • Viscosity regulator in laundry detergents Cerasynt IP 2-Hydroxyethyl stearate and ethylene glycol • Opacifier and pearlizing agent Ceraphyl 55 Tridecyl neopentanoate Cerasynt M 2-Hydroxyethyl stearate • Pearlizing agent • Liquid detergent compositions Cerasynt PA Propylene glycol monostearate • Hard surface cleaners • Asphalt microdispersions • Circuit board defluxing detergents Cerasynt SD Glyceryl stearate Emulsynt™ 1055 Polyglyceryl-4-oleate Emulsifier Emulsynt GDL Glyceryl Dilaurate Emulsifier Ceraphyl 140 Decyl oleate Ceraphyl 140A Isodecyl oleate Diisopropyl adipate • Plasticizing effects • Lubricant • Hard surface cleaners • Erasable markers • Mold release agent • Inkjet inks Ceraphyl 368 M 2-Ethylhexyl palmitate • Circuit board cleaning • Pigment dispersment inkjet inks • Hard surface cleaners • Tissue paper lotion • Lubricant Ceraphyl 375 Isostearyl neopentanoate • Pigment dispersion Ceraphyl 424 Tetradecyl tetradecanoate • Hard surface cleaner • Dispersant in magnetic recording media Ceraphyl 494 Isocetyl stearate Ceraphyl 791 Isocetyl stearoyl stearate • Pigment dispersions Ceraphyl 847 Octyldodecyl stearoyl stearate • Pigment dispersions • Polycarbonate mold release agent Ceraphyl ICA Isohexadecanol • Pigment dispersions • Mold release • Graffiti removal • Polyester finishing agent Ceraphyl NGA Maleated soybean oil Ceraphyl 230 54 • PVC plasticizer • Textile finishing surfactant • O/W emulsions Performance Specialties Reference Guide Specialty chemicals Micropowder™ Iron Iron Pentacarbonyl (IPC) carbonyl iron powders (CIP) (Fe(CO)5) APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS Carbonyl iron powder is manufactured by the chemical decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl. The resulting iron particles are uniform gray microscopic spheres with only traces of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Over 25 different grades of iron powder are manufactured through this process and marketed under the tradename Micropowder. Specific applications include: Iron pentacarbonyl is an intermediate that has found utility in a variety of applications. In the past, it has been used as a fuel antiknock agent, a photochemical additive and an intermediate for many iron products. The most important current applications are: • Radar absorbing materials (RAM). • Catalyst: for coal liquefaction, Fischer-Tropsch hydroformylation, olefin isomerization and water gas shift reactions. • Precision electronic cores. • Precursor: for chemically pure iron, iron oxides, iron catalysts and thin iron films. • Electromagnetic interference shielding products (EMI/RF). • Desulfurization: removal of sulfur from coal and petroleum products. • Metal Injection molding (MIM). • High-performance powder metallurgy products. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES • Magnetic fluids. Boiling point 103°C • Halogen solvent waste remediation. Melting point -20°C • Pharmaceutical iron supplement Ferronyl iron. Specific gravity 1.453 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHEMISTRY The fine size and high purity of the carbonyl iron powders are the principal reasons for their superior properties compared to other forms of elemental iron powders. Distinct characteristics of the Micropowder Iron products include: Iron pentacarbonyl is a specialty chemical that is produced as an intermediate during the manufacture of carbonyl iron powders. It is produced from a high-pressure reaction between high grade iron and carbon monoxide. This organometallic compound exists as a liquid at room temperature. It may ignite spontaneously in air and is decomposed by heat to metallic iron and carbon monoxide. In air it decomposes to iron oxides, and in sunlight to iron nonacarbonyl. While Fe(CO)5 is highly reactive, it is stable in dark storage under nitrogen. It is soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone or toluene and insoluble in water or liquid ammonia. It is unreactive with most acids. • Very fine spherical size. • Submicron to 10-micron particle diameter. • High purity with up to 99.5% iron content. • Unique onionskin structure with cubic crystalline lattice. • Superior electromagnetic properties. • Uniform particle size distribution. CHEMISTRY In terms of fundamental properties there are two product families, the “S” grades and “R” grades. The S grades are standard iron grades with a purity level of approximately 97.5%. The impurity is comprised of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen and is the cause of the iron particle’s unique onionskin structure. R grades are higher purity iron grades with an average purity of 99.5%. Through a hydrogen reduction process most of the residual carbon and nitrogen have been removed from the iron particle producing a higher purity iron grade which is lower in durometer hardness and lacking the unique onionskin structure. Performance Specialties Reference Guide 55 Specialty chemicals Drewplus™ defoamers Base Carrier Ashland’s foam control agents are economical to use and versatile. They have been developed for use in a variety of water-based industrial applications to provide superior antifoam performance activity and compatibility. They are readily dispersible, provide excellent long-term foam control persistency, highly effective on entrained, surface macro-foam and micro-foam, and offered in a wide range of chemistries (silica, silicone, organophically modified silicones, mineral oil, wax, etc.). Base Carrier Drewplus/ Advantage™ reference Description L-475 Silica/Mineral Oil Graphic Art: Pigment dispersion Oil Well cementing L-477K Silica/Mineral Oil Kocher Printing Ink Y-381 Wax/Mineral Oil Inks and Latex Systems L-464 Silica/Wax/Mineral Oil Inks and Latex Systems AM-1512 TW-4503 Mineral based Oil Technology 56 Applications Hydrophobic silica in mineral oil (9% active) PSA Adhesives, Oil Well Cementing, Fracturing Silica/Wax/Mineral Oil Fracturing S-PVC, Acrylic emulsion, Industrial Inks Mineral based Oil Technology Continued Boosted Mineral Oil based Technology Drewplus/ Advantage reference Description Applications 210-951 (smokeless winter version of L-493) Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer Industrial Inks L-1311 Oil Based extended Coating Inks, Adhesives, Can be used in High Gloss systems L-131 Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer Pressure Sensitive Adhesives PVA emulsions Acrylic emulsions L-198 Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer Acrylic emulsions, PSA Adhesives L-768 Silicone/Silica +Compatibilizer Metal working fluids T-4507 Silica/Mineral Oil (Aggressive version) Adhesives and Coatings, Acrylic PVA SBR T-4304 Aggressive Silica/Mineral Oil (Self-Emulsifying – Spreads Quickly throughout coatings) Adhesives and Coatings, Acrylic PVA SBR, Easy to incorporate TS-4400 Silica/Silicone/Mineral Oil Industrial Process, Paints wastewater W-4300 Wax/Mineral Oil (Aggressive) + Compatibilizer - Patented Formulation – Replaces MO AND Silicone Technologies All in one defoamer for let down and grind in, paints, Industrial process and wastewater W-4502 Aggressive Wax in Mineral Oil Paint Ink Adhesives AV-1425 Hydrophobic silica in Vegetable oil Industrial coatings, Metal working fluids, Adhesives L-418 Silicone/Silica +Compatibilizer Graphic Art: Pigment dispersion Gravure Art: Screen Printing Inks Silicone/Silica +Compatibilizer (Excellent Grind / Pigment Dispersion FCA) Graphic Art: Pigment dispersion Gravure Art: Screen Printing Inks T-1201 Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer Adhesives, PSA, SBR, Acrylic Emulsions T-1202 Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer EP,Adhesives, SBR, PVP, PVA, Acrylic L-140 (T-1212) Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer EPA, Adhesives, Inks, Industrial Coatings T-2200 Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer E.C., EP, Emulsions T-3200 Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer EP, Adhesives, I.C. T-3211 Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer and Fatty Acid (different grade of MO) Adhesives, PSA L-419 T-4200 Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer Adhesives EP, Emulsions, SBR, PVA L-405 Silicone/Silicone Copolymer L-108 (T-4201) Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer S-PVC, Pressure Sensitive Adhesives, Acrylic emulsion Gravure Art: Flexographic Inks, High Gloss Alkyds Epoxy systems L-405 LV Low VOC version of L-405 T-4201 Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer S-PVC, EP Emulsions Gravure Art: Flexographic Inks, High Gloss Alkyds Epoxy systems T-4202 Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer and Fatty Acid Emulsions EP FG-710 10% emulsion of PDMS in water (Food Grade) Animal feed, Food Application Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer Natural and Synthetic, Adhesives, Cutting Oils (Metal Working) FG-720 20% emulsion of PDMS in water (Food Grade) Animal feed, Food Application Y-250 TS-4385 EP, Coatings, Inks, Adhesives (PSA), Polyvinyl Acetate Systems Silca/Silicone/Silicone Copolymer (Work Horse) T-4303 Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer and Fatty Acid Gravure Art: Screen Printing Inks, Anticorrosive primers wood and reducible Alkyd L-493 (T-4310) Silica in mineral oil + Compatibilizer Industrial Inks Silica/Bi Graphic Art: Pigment, dispersion, Gravure Art: Flexographic Inks, Gravure Art: Screen Printing Inks Vegetable Oil based Technology Traditional Silicones (Straight PDMS) based Technology TS-4387 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Specialty chemicals Base Carrier Quick Bubble Break (OM Polysiloxane) based Technology Drewplus™/ Advantage™ reference Description S-4288 Polysiloxane emulsion High gloss paints, Inks, Airless sprayable systems S-4287 Polysiloxane emulsion High gloss paints, Inks, Airless sprayable systems S-4386 Aggressive emulsion Graphic Art: Pigment dispersion Gravure Art: Flexographic Inks 210-796 Polysiloxanes Pigment dispersion, Ink overprint varnish 210-852 Silica Polysiloxane Pigment dispersion, Ink overprint varnish, Pigment paste S-4273 Polysiloxane emulsion Gravure Art: Flexographic Inks, Pigment dispersion TS-4481 Hydrophobic silica/ Polysiloxane Graphic Art: Pigment, dispersion, Gravure Art: Flexographic Inks, Gravure Art: Screen Printing Inks Silica/Polysiloxane Emulsion Overprint varnish, Pigmented Inks Polysiloxane + Silica Graphic Art: Pigment, dispersion, Gravure Art: Flexographic Inks, Gravure Art: Screen Printing Inks, Oil well cementing, Fracturing 210-862 Polysiloxane + Silica Graphic Art: Pigment, dispersion, Gravure Art: Flexographic Inks, Gravure Art: Screen Printing Inks, Oil well cementing, Fracturing 210-886 Polysiloxane Emulsion Inks, Flexo/Screen printing, Pigment dispersion Ressoo (Powder) Free-flowing white powder 210-859 Free-flowing white powder 210-871 Free-flowing white powder S-4374 Dissolution Technology Powder Defoamers S-4480 Applications pHLEX™ neutralizing additive 210-872 Free-flowing white powder 210-873 Free-flowing white powder RE 5500 Free-flowing white powder Performance Specialties Reference Guide Oil well cementing, Civil Engineering, Grout, Mortar, Cement pHLEX neutralizing additive is a proprietary organoamine blend that raises pH and provides buffering effects to waterborne paints and coatings. It is designed as a functional drop-in replacement that is an economic alternative to other common amine-based neutralizers, but also offers a low-odor stabilizing alternative to ammonia, NaOH and other common bases. pHLEX neutralizing additive also offers reduced VOC compared to other organoamine neutralizers and lower odor levels for in-plant handling benefits. PRODUCT BENEFITS • Effective pH neutralizer • Provides pH stability over time • Inhibits in-can corrosion • Helps prevent flash rusting • Lower odor product for handling and manufacturing • Can reduce odor of waterborne paints • Can reduce demand of anionic dispersant Product Appearance Viscosity (cps or mPa•s) Specific gravity @25 °C pH (1.0 wt % solution) pHLEX 100 neutralizing agent Clear to light yellow liquid ~15 1.052 11-11.5 pHLEX 110 neutralizing agent Clear to light yellow liquid ~15 1.055 11-11.5 pHLEX 400 neutralizing agent Clear to light yellow liquid ~15 1.052 11-11.5 pHLEX 410 neutralizing agent Clear to light yellow liquid ~15 1.055 11-11.5 57 Biocides and Preservatives If a product is made with water or comes in contact with it, Ashland’s biocides and preservatives can help protect it against bacteria, fungus and algae. Our offerings can preserve beauty, enhance performance, extend product life and protect user safety. Ashland’s biocides and preservatives are marketed under trusted brands such as Nuosept™, Fungitrol™, Bodoxin™, Bacillat™, Bakzid™, Ebotec™ and Cinon™. Name They are suitable for use in numerous industrial application such as inks, mineral slurries, textiles solutions, metal working fluids, lattices and plastics, to name a few. Please contact your Ashland sales representative for more specific product and use level recommendations for your application. Chemistry Activity (%) Approval EUROPE 58 Bodoxin biocide EDDM/CMIT/MIT 51.1 Yes Bodoxin AO biocide EDDM/OIT 93.4 Yes† Bodoxin TG biocide EDDM/BIT 42.6 Yes† Bodoxin TX biocide EDDM/CMIT/MIT 20.3 Yes† Cinon OI biocide IPBC/OIT 8.0 Yes† Ebotec MB biocide CMIT/MIT/Bronopol 7.6 Yes† Ebotec MB150 biocide CMIT/MIT/Bronopol 15.5 Yes† USA CANADA † Fungitrol 1075 fungicide N-Cyclopropyl-N'-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine 50 Fungitrol 10W fungicide OIT/Carbendazim/Diuron 33.7 Yes† Yes Fungitrol 11 fungicide Folpet 95.9 Yes† Yes Yes Fungitrol 11-50S fungicide Folpet 50 Yes Yes Fungitrol 11E fungicide Folpet 95.9 Yes Fungitrol 11P fungicide Folpet 95.9 Fungitrol 400 E-Z Flow fungicide IPBC 95 Yes† Yes Yes Fungitrol 400G fungicide IPBC 99.5 Yes† Yes Fungitrol 400P fungicide IPBC 99.50 Yes Fungitrol 400PVC fungicide IPBC 98 Yes Fungitrol 400S fungicide IPBC 99.5 Yes Fungitrol 400SE fungicide IPBC 99.50 Yes Yes Fungitrol 404-DS fungicide Chlorothanil 40.4 Yes Yes Fungitrol 420MC fungicide IPBC 20 Fungitrol 420S fungicide IPBC 20 Yes Yes Fungitrol 430S fungicide IPBC 30 Yes Yes Fungitrol 440MC fungicide IPBC 40 Fungitrol 440S fungicide IPBC 40 Fungitrol 720 fungicide IPBC 20 Fungitrol 720MC fungicide IPBC 20 Fungitrol 920 fungicide IPBC 20 Fungitrol 920MC fungicide IPBC 20 Fungitrol 930MC fungicide IPBC 30 Fungitrol 940 CR fungicide IPBC 40 Fungitrol 940 fungicide IPBC 40 Fungitrol 940 G fungicide IPBC 40 Fungitrol 940MC fungicide IPBC 40 Fungitrol 960S fungicide Chlorothanil Fungitrol L30 DPG fungicide Fungitrol OTZ 4 fungicide Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes† Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes † Yes Yes Yes Yes† Yes Yes 98 Yes† Yes IPBC 30 Yes† Yes OIT/Terbutryn/ZnPt 18.9 Yes† Yes Yes Performance Specialties Reference Guide Biocides and Preservatives Name Chemistry Activity (%) Approval EUROPE USA CANADA Fungitrol™ TL2 fungicide DDMAC/BAC/OIT 28.3 Yes Fungitrol TL3 fungicide DDMAC/BAC/OIT 28.3 Yes† Fungitrol TOP fungicide Terbutryn/OIT/Propiconazol 27.9 Yes† Fungitrol ZO 3 fungicide ZnPt/OIT 13.3 Yes† Integra™ 44/Nuosept™ 44 preservative Sodium Hydroxymethyl Glycinate 50 Yes† Yes Nuosept 497G preservative BIT 19 Yes† Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes † Nuosept 498G preservative BIT 19 Nuosept 515N preservative CMIT/MIT 1.5 Nuosept 515R preservative CMIT/MIT 1.11 / 0.39 Yes Nuosept 515R CA preservative CMIT/MIT 1.11 / 0.39 Yes Nuosept 91 preservative 78% Hexahydro-1,3,5-tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine 78 Yes Nuosept 95 preservative Bicyclic-oxazolidines 50 Yes† Yes Nuosept B50 SM preservative EDDM/CMIT/MIT 26.5 Yes Nuosept BB510D preservative BIT/Bronopol 15 Yes† Nuosept BIC preservative BIT/IPBC/CMIT/MIT 17.8 Yes† Nuosept BM11 preservative BIT/MIT 5 Yes† Nuosept BM22 preservative BIT/MIT 10 Yes† Nuosept BMc 422 preservative BIT/MIT/CMIT 10 /5.05 / 0.15 Yes† Nuosept BTI preservative BIT/IPBC 11 Yes Nuosept LX preservative EDDM/CMIT/MIT 14.4 Yes† Nuosept W preservative Bronopol / CMIT /MIT 7 / 0.75 / 0.26 Nuosept W preservative concentrate Bronopol /CMIT /MIT 14 / 1.5 / 0.5 † Yes † Yes † Yes† Yes Yes Yes Yes Contact Ashland Product Stewardship for specific approval by application and EU member state Key Description BIT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one Bronopol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol Chlorothanil . . . . . . . . . . . .Tetrachloroisophthalonitrile CMIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one EDDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Ethylenedioxy)dimethanol Folpet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .N-(Trichloromethylthio)phthalimide IPBC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-Iodo-2-Propynyl Butylcarbamate MIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one OIT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one Sodium Glycinate . . . . . . .Sodium Hydroxymethyl Glycinate ZnPt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Zinc Pyrithione Terbutryn . . . . . . . . . . . . . .N-tert-butyl-N-ethyl-6-methylthio-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Propiconazole . . . . . . . . . .Propiconazole DDMAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Didecyldimethylammonium chloride BAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Benzalkonium chloride Carbendazim Diuron Performance Specialties Reference Guide 59 Intermediates, Solvents and Surfactants, Vinyl Monomers The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their uses in a wide variety of industrial applications. Adhesives Advanced Ceramics Batteries Cables Ceramics Civil Engineering Electronics Emulsions Explosives Inks & Printing Membranes Metal Processing Mineral Slurries Mining Paint Removers Paper Coatings Plastics Pulp & Paper Refinery Additives Rubber Specialty Coatings Suspension Polymerization Textiles and Leather Tissues and Towels Tobacco Weldings Woodcare 60 Performance Specialties Reference Guide HEP™ solvent NEP™ solvent M-Pyrol™ solvent 2-Pyrol™ solvent BLO™ solvent THF solvent Butanediol intermediate Butenediol intermediate Butynediol intermediate Propargyl Alcohol Intermediates, Solvents and Surfactants Performance Specialties Reference Guide V-Cap™ vinyl caprolactam V-Pyrol™ vinyl pyrrolidone Strodex™ phosphate ester surfactants Dextrol™ phosphate ester surfactants Microflex™ microemulsifier ranges Easy-Wet™ 20 wetting agent Surfadone™ wetting agents PartsReady™ degreaser FoamFlush™ urethane remover ShipShape™ resin cleaner CHP™ solvent Vinyl Monomers 61 Performance Polymers Adhesives Advanced Ceramics Batteries Cables Ceramics Civil Engineering Electronics Emulsions Explosives Inks & Printing Membranes Metal Processing Mineral Slurries Mining Paint Removers Paper Coatings Plastics Pulp & Paper Refinery Additives Rubber Specialty Coatings Suspension Polymerization Textiles and Leather Tissues and Towels Tobacco Weldings Woodcare 62 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Aquastyle™ tetrapolymer Aquaflex™ copolymer Gaffix™ copolymer UltraThix™ crosspolymer Acrylidone Setleze™ copolymers Styleze™ copolymers Gafquat™ polymers Polectron™ (Antara™) polymer PVP/VA polymers Antaron™ (Ganex™) polymers Disintex™ disintegrants ViviPrint™ polymers PVP polymers The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their uses in a wide variety of industrial applications. Performance Specialties Reference Guide Galactasol™ guar Benecel Culminal™ methylcellulose derivatives Klucel™ hydroxypropyl cellulose Aqualon™ ethyl cellulose Natrosol™ hydroxyethylcellulose AquaVIS™ polymers Bondwell™, Blanose™, Aqualon™ carboxymethyl cellulose Rapifloc™ acrylates Jaypol™ acrylates I-Rez™ copolymer EasySperse™ polymeric dispersant ranges Gantrez™ copolymers Aquaflow™ rheology modifiers RheoThix™ thickening agent Sorez™ copolymers Chromabond™ polymers Performance Polymers 63 Specialty Chemicals, Biocides Adhesives Advanced Ceramics AgChem Batteries Cables Ceramics Civil Engineering Electronics Emulsions Explosives Inks & Printing Membranes Metal processing Mineral Slurries Mining Paint Removers Paper Coatings Plastics Pulp & Paper Refinery Additives Rubber Specialty Coatings Suspension Polymerization Textiles and Leather Tissues and Towels Tobacco Weldings Woodcare 64 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Iron Pentacarbonyl Micropowder™ Iron Cerasynt™ emulsifiers Ceraphyl™ emulsifiers Escalol™ UV filters pHLEX™ neutralizing agents The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their uses in a wide variety of industrial applications. Performance Specialties Reference Guide Nuosept™ biocides Fungitrol™ biocides Ebotec™ biocides Cinon™ biocides Bodoxin™ biocides Drewplus™ defoamers Biocides 65 Intermediates, Solvents and Surfactants, Vinyl Monomers The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their fundamental functional property (ies). Adhesive Anti-Agglomerant Anti-Soil Redeposition Anti-Static Binder Bio-adhesive Catalyst Chemical Intermediate Cohesive Complexes Corrosion Inhibitor Cross-linker Crystal Inhibitor Defoamer Detergent Disintegrant Dispersant Dye Fixative Dye Transfer Inhibitor Electrical Conductor Electrical Resistor EMI Protector Emulsifier Encapsulation Film Former Flexible Film Former Flocculant 66 Performance Specialties Reference Guide HEP™ solvents NEP™ solvents M-Pyrol™ solvents 2-Pyrol™ solvents BLO™ solvents THF solvents Butanediol intermediates Butenediol intermediates Butynediol intermediates Propargyl Alcohol Intermediates, Solvents and Surfactants Performance Specialties Reference Guide V-Cap™ vinyl caprolactam V-Pyrol™ vinyl pyrrolidone Strodex™ phosphate ester surfactants Dextrol™ phosphate ester surfactants Microflex™ microemulsifier ranges Easy-Wet™ 20 wetting agents Surfadone™ wetting agents PartsReady™ degreasers FoamFlush™ urethane removers ShipShape™ resin cleaner CHP™ solvents Vinyl Monomers 67 Intermediates, Solvents and Surfactants, Vinyl Monomers The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their fundamental functional property (ies). Flow Controller Fluid Loss Additive Activity Inhibitor Lubricant Metal Sequestrant Oil Solubility Opacifier Plasticizer Preservative Processing Aid Release Agent Rheology Modifier Sizing Agent Soil Release Agent Solvent Stabilizes Substantitive Surface Active Suspending Agent Tack Modifier Thermoplastic Thickener UV Absorber UV Protector Water Resistor Water-Holding Wax Inhibitor 68 Performance Specialties Reference Guide HEP™ solvents NEP™ solvents M-Pyrol™ solvents 2-Pyrol™ solvents BLO™ solvents THF solvents Butanediol intermediates Butenediol intermediates Butynediol intermediates Propargyl Alcohol Intermediates, Solvents and Surfactants Performance Specialties Reference Guide V-Cap™ vinyl caprolactam V-Pyrol™ vinyl pyrrolidone Strodex™ phosphate ester surfactants Dextrol™ phosphate ester surfactants Microflex™ microemulsifier ranges Easy-Wet™ 20 wetting agents Surfadone™ wetting agents PartsReady™ degreasers FoamFlush™ urethane removers ShipShape™ resin cleaner CHP™ solvents Vinyl Monomers 69 Performance Polymers The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their fundamental functional property (ies). Adhesive Anti-Agglomerant Anti-Soil Redeposition Anti-Static Binder Bio-adhesive Catalyst Chemical Intermediate Cohesive Complexes Corrosion Inhibitor Cross-linker Crystal Inhibitor Defoamer Detergent Disintegrant Dispersant Dye Fixative Dye Transfer Inhibitor Electrical Conductor Electrical Resistor EMI Protector Emulsifier Encapsulation Film Former Flexible Film Former Flocculant 70 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Chromabond™ polymers Aquastyle™ copolymers Aquaflex™ copolymers Gaffix™ copolymer UltraThix™ crosspolymer Acrylidone Styleze™ copolymers Gafquat™ polymers Polectron™ (Antara™) polymers PVP/VA polymers Antaron™ (Ganex™) polymers Disintex™ disintegrants ViviPrint™ polymers PVP polymers Performance Polymers Performance Specialties Reference Guide 71 Galactasol™ guar Benecel™ methylcellulose derivatives Culminal™ methylcellulose derivatives Klucel™ hydroxypropyl cellulose Aqualon™ ethyl cellulose Natrosol™ hydroxyethylcellulose AquaVIS™ polymers Bondwell™, Blanose™, Aqualon™ carboxymethyl cellulose Rapifloc™ acrylates Jaypol™ acrylates I-Rez™ copolymer EasySperse™ polymeric dispersant ranges Gantrez™ copolymer Aquaflow™ rheology modifiers RheoThix™ thickening agents Sorez™ copolymers Performance Polymers The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their fundamental functional property (ies). Flow Controller Fluid Loss Additive Activity Inhibitor Lubricant Metal Sequestrant Oil Solubility Opacifier Plasticizer Preservative Processing Aid Release Agent Rheology Modifier Sizing Agent Soil Release Agent Solvent Stabilizes Substantitive Surface Active Suspending Agent Tack Modifier Thermoplastic Thickener UV Absorber UV Protector Water Resistor Water-Holding Wax Inhibitor 72 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Chromabond™ polymers Aquastyle™ copolymers Aquaflex™ tetrapolymers Gaffix™ copolymer UltraThix™ crosspolymer Acrylidone Styleze™ copolymers Gafquat™ polymers Polectron™ (Antara™) polymer PVP/VA polymers Antaron™ (Ganex™) polymers Disintex™ disintegrants ViviPrint™ polymers PVP polymers Performance Polymers Performance Specialties Reference Guide 73 Galactasol™ guar Benecel™ methylcellulose derivatives Culminal™ methylcellulose derivatives Klucel™ hydroxypropyl cellulose Aqualon™ ethyl cellulose Natrosol™ hydroxyethylcellulose AquaVIS™ polymers Bondwell™, Blanose™, Aqualon™ carboxymethyl cellulose Rapifloc™ acrylates Jaypol™ acrylates I-Rez™ copolymer EasySperse™ polymeric dispersant ranges Gantrez™ copolymer Aquaflow™ rheology modifiers RheoThix™ thickening agents Sorez™ copolymers Specialty Chemicals, Biocides The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their fundamental functional property (ies). Micropowder™ Iron Cerasynt™ emulsifiers Ceraphyl™ emulsifiers Escalol™ UV filters pHLEX™ neutralizing agents Ambergum™ water-soluble polymers Specialty Chemicals Adhesive Anti-Agglomerant Anti-Soil Redeposition Anti-Static Binder Bio-adhesive Catalyst Chemical Intermediate Cohesive Complexes Corrosion Inhibitor Cross-linker Crystal Inhibitor Defoamer Detergent Disintegrant Dispersant Dye Fixative Dye Transfer Inhibitor Electrical Conductor Electrical Resistor EMI Protector Emulsifier Encapsulation Film Former Flexible Film Former Flocculant 74 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance Specialties Reference Guide Nuosept™ biocides Fungitrol™ biocides Ebotec™ biocides Cinon™ biocides Bodoxin™ biocides Drewplus™ defoamers Iron Pentacarbonyl Biocides 75 Specialty Chemicals, Biocides The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their fundamental functional property (ies). Micropowder™ Iron Cerasynt™ emulsifiers Ceraphyl™ emulsifiers Escalol™ UV filters pHLEX™ neutralizing agents Ambergum™ water-soluble polymers Specialty Chemicals Flow Controller Fluid Loss Additive Activity Inhibitor Lubricant Metal Sequestrant Oil Solubility Opacifier Plasticizer Preservative Processing Aid Release Agent Rheology Modifier Sizing Agent Soil Release Agent Solvent Stabilizes Substantitive Surface Active Suspending Agen Tack Modifier Thermoplastic Thickener UV Absorber UV Protector Water Resistor Water-Holding Wax Inhibitor 76 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Performance Specialties Reference Guide Nuosept™ biocides Fungitrol™ biocides Ebotec™ biocides Cinon™ biocides Bodoxin™ biocides Drewplus™ defoamers Iron Pentacarbonyl Biocides 77 78 Performance Specialties Reference Guide Notes Performance Specialties Reference Guide 79 Global Headquarters Ashland Inc. 50 East RiverCenter Blvd. Covington, KY 41012 USA Tel: +1 859 815 3333 Ashland Specialty Ingredients 8145 Blazer Drive Wilmington, DE 19808 USA Tel: +1 800 345 0447 Fax: +1 302 992 7287 [email protected] ashland.com ® Registered trademark, Ashland or its subsidiaries, registered in various countries ™ Trademark, Ashland or its subsidiaries, registered in various countries © 2012-2014, Ashland PC-11578.2 All statements, information and data presented herein are believed to be accurate and reliable, but are not to be taken as a guarantee, an express warranty, or an implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose, or representation, express or implied, for which Ashland Inc. and its subsidiaries assume legal responsibility. Performance and Industrial Chemicals A broad portfolio backed by the best quality and technical services Ashland’s portfolio of performance and industrial chemicals is one of the broadest in the specialties segment, enabling us to take a market-leading position in many categories. From printing to oilfield to automotive, these products are widely distributed to manufacturers around the world to enhance product functionality, reduce costs and improve processing and manufacturing. Additionally, Ashland provides customized chemistry to formulators with especially challenging performance requirements. This whiteglove approach is further reflected in our extensive global network of technical service facilities in North America, Europe, Middle East and Asia. For more information about our entire line of offerings, visit our corporate site at ashland.com. For more information, contact us at: [email protected]