ASCE/SEI 31-03American Society of Civil Engineers This document uses both the International System of Units (SI) and customary units. Published by the American Society of Civil Engineers Requests for special permission or bulk copying should be addressed to Permissions & Copyright Dept. ASCE makes no representation or warranty of any kind. -. contracts. American Society of Civil Engineers. All Rights Reserved.(ASCE standard) Includes bibliographical references and index. product.asce pubs . or warranty thereof by ASCE. provided that the base fee of $18. I. Patent and Trademark Office. completeness. whether express or implied. apparatus. Anyone utilizing this information assumes all liability arising from such use. This information should not be used without first securing competent advice with respect to its suitability for any general or specific application.00. process or service constitutes or implies an endorsement. or any other legal document. The identification for ASCE Books is O-7844-0670-7/03/ $18. MA 01923. which takes no responsibility for any statement made herein.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Seismic evaluation of existing buildings / American Society of Civil Engineers.org Any statements expressed in these materials are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of ASCE. ASCE. . Danvers. nor are they intended as a reference in purchase specifications.” ISBN 0-7844-0670-7 1. Buildings--Earthquake effects.S. or utility of any information. Copyright O 2003 by the American Society of Civil Engineers. statutes. concerning the accuracy. p. Library of Congress Catalog Card No: 2003041921 ISBN 0-7844-0670-7 Manufactured in the United States of America. including but not limited to infringement of any patent or patents. Photocopies: Authorization to photocopy material for internal or personal use under circumstances not falling within the fair use provisions of the Copyright Act is granted by ASCE to libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service. recommendation. No reference made in this publication to any specific method.. TH1095S3842 2003 693. and assumes no liability therefore. suitability. Structural Engineering Institute II.8‘52--dc21 2003041921 Published by the American Society of Civil Engineers 1801 Alexander Bell Drive Reston. Virginia 20 191 www. or process discussed in this publication. The materials are for general information only and do not represent a standard of ASCE. regulations. 222 Rosewood Drive. ASCE and American Society of Civil Engineers-Registered in U. “SEVASCE 3 1/02.asce.00 per article is paid directly to CCC. cm. product. 111 ... The consensus process includes balloting by the balanced standards committee.1-02IASCE 6-02jTMS 602-02) SEUASCE 7-02 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures Standard Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel ASCE 8-02 Structural Members ANSUASCE 9-9 1 Listed with ASCE 3-91 Design of Latticed Steel Transmission Structures ASCE 10-97 Guideline for Structural Condition Assessment of Existing Buildings SEVASCE 1 1-99 Guideline for the Design of Urban Subsurface Drainage ANSUASCE 12-91 Standard Guidelines for Installation of Urban Subsurface Drainage ASCE 13-93 ASCE 14-93 Standard Guidelines for Operation and Maintenance of Urban Subsurface Drainage ASCE 15-98 Standard Practice for Direct Design of Buried Precast Concrete Pipe Using Standard Installations (SIDD) ASCE 16-95 Standard for Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) of Engineered Wood Construction ASCE 17-96 Air-Supported Structures ASCE 18-96 Standard Guidelines for In-Process Oxygen Transfer Testing ASCE 19-96 Structural Applications of Steel Cables for Buildings ASCE 20-96 Standard Guidelines for the Design and Installation of Pile Foundations ASCE 2 1-96 Automated People Mover Standards-Part 1 ASCE 21-98 Automated People Moves Standards-Part 2 ASCE 2 1-00 Automated People Mover Standards-Part 3 SEVASCE 23-97 Specification for Structural Steel Beams with Web Openings SEI/ASCE 24-98 Flood Resistant Design and Construction . The following standards have been issued: ANSUASCE 1-82 N-725 Guideline for Design and Analysis ofNuclear Safety Related Earth Structures Measurement of Oxygen Transfer in Clean Water ANSVASCE 2-91 Standard for the Structural Design of Composite Slabs and ANSUASCE 3-91 ANSVASCE 9-91 Standard Practice for the Construction and Inspection of Composite Slabs Seismic Analysis of Safety-Related Nuclear Structures ASCE 4-98 Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures (AC1 530-02/ASCE 5-02/TMS 402-02) and Specificationsfor Masonrj-Structures (AC1 530. balloting by the membership of ASCE as a whole. the Board of Direction approved ASCE Rules for Standards Committees to govern the writing and maintenance of standards developed by the Society.In April 1980. All such standards are developed by a consensus standards process managed by the Codes and Standards Activities Committee. All standards are updated or reaffirmed by the same process at intervals not exceeding 5 years. and balloting by the public. which is composed of Society members and nonmembers. ASCE 25-97 ASCE 26-97 ASCE 27-00 ASCE 28-00 SEI/ASCE/SFPE 29-99 SEUASCE 30-00 ASCE/SEI 3 1-03 SEUASCE 32-01 EWRVASCE 33-01 EWFWASCE 34-0 1 EWRI/ASCE 35-01 CI/ASCE 36-01 SEI/ASCE 37-02 CUASCE 3 8-02 EWWASCE 39-03 Earthquake-Actuated Automatic Gas Shut-Off Devices Standard Practice for Design of Buried Precast Concrete Box Sections Standard Practice for Direct Design of Precast Concrete Pipe for Jacking in Trenchless Construction Standard Practice for Direct Design of Precast Concrete Box Sections for Jacking in Trenchless Construction Standard Calculation Methods for Structural Fire Protection Guideline for Condition Assessment of the Building Envelope Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings Design and Construction of Frost-Protected Shallow Foundations Comprehensive Transboundary International Water Quality Management Agreement Standard Guidelines for Artificial Recharge of Ground Water Guidelines for Quality Assurance of Installed Fine-Pore Aeration Equipment Standard Construction Guidelines for Microtunneling Design Loads on Structures During Construction Standard Guideline for the Collection and Depiction of Existing Subsurface Utility Data Standard Practice for the Design and Operation of Hail Suppression Projects iv . Anyone making use of this information assumes all liability from such use. V . The publication of the material contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of the American Society of Civil Engineers. This Standard and Commentary should not be used without first securing competent advice with respect to their suitability for any given application. that this information is suitable for any general or particular use or promises freedom from infringement of any patent or patents.The material presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with recognized engineering principles. or of any other person named herein. . Chueng James H. Getz Nader Ghafoori Stayendra K. Kent Hsiao Tom C. Mendes Martha Merriam Bechara E. Kehoe Peter H. research. G. Hookham J. government. McClure Bruce H. Gregersen Michael R. Lama Jim E. Hui Roy J. Ghosh Sergio Gonzalez-Karg Phillip Gould Melvyn Green Max A. Blakely Allen R. K. Collins W. Breiholz James Brown Thomas M. McCracken James B. education. Dabdoub Michael D. Lapping Darrell J. Magadini Ayaz H. Cagley Hashu H. Hagerty Harold S. Corley Majed A. Jackson Wen-Chen Jau Martin W. Linton Rene W. and private practice. Holmes Darrick Hom. construction industry. Luft Terry R. Those individuals who serve on the Standards Committee are: Richard L. Hamada D. Fallgren Mark W. Bykonen James R. This group comprises individuals from many backgrounds including: consulting engineering. design. May Frank E. This Standard process began in 1998 and incorporates information as described in the commentary. Hayes vii . Davister Steven L. Lundeen Charles R. Kirk Harman David B. McDermott Richard McConnell Mike Mehrain Stanley H. Malik Lincoln E. Johnson John C. Secretary Charles J. Basu Michael D. Hill William T. Hunt Mohammad Iqbal Robert C. Fantozzi Hans Gesund Stephen H. Bone David C. Chandwaney Fu-Lien Chang Chang Chen Kevin C. This Standard was prepared through the consensus standards process by balloting in compliance with procedures of ASCE’s Codes and Standards Activities Committee. Kariotis Brian E. Malik Rusk Masih Vicki V. Dickson Max Falamaki Richard B. Lam Patrick J. Hattis John R.The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) acknowledges the work of the Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings Standards Committee of the Codes and Standards Activities Division of the Structural Engineering Institute. Abboud Aziz Alfi David Allen Prodyot K. Lawver Feng-Bao Lin Phillip Line David E. Hess James A. Richardson Timothy E. Strand Peter Tian Eugene Trahern Frederick M. Jr. Misovec Jack Moll Myles A. Pickett Jose A. Smith. Shah Daniel Shapiro Richard L. Turner Michael T. Younie . Parkert Mandakumaran Paruvakat Celina U. Valley Ivan P. Sadjadi Ali M.Thomas H. Wilson Lisa A. Wipplinger Tom C. Miller Andy H. Penalba Mark A. Chair Daniel E. Charles A. Roecker Charles W. Poland. Pappas James C. Stewart Eric C. Muessendorfer Joseph P. Roeder Abdulreza A. Milligan Andrew P.. Skaggs Glenn R. Pincheira Chris D. Sadre Arthur B. Savery Ashvin A. Stovner Donald R. Nicoletti Glen J. Xia Wen-Huei Yen Wade W. Spitz William W.. C. Pu R. Vlll . Silva Thomas D. Williamson Lyle L. Pradel Denis C. Murray Joseph F. Vamos Gara Varum Thomas G. ................................1 4.............................. Level of Seismicity .....................................6 4.....0 1.................... 4...................................4 2................................................ 3...7 4..................... .......................................................................................................................................... 1-3 Definitions ..............................................................1 1......... 3-20 Structural Checklists ..........3 3..........................6 3...................................................................................................................................................................................... Selection of Detailed Procedures ....3 4...................................................................... 1 5-1 5-3 .....................................0 Detailed Evaluation Phase (Tier 3) General .1 2..................... ix 5-1 5......... 1-8 Notation .......... 3-21 Geologic Site Hazards And Foundations Checklist ......... 3-9 Level of Low Seismicity Checklist ................12 References ..............0 3................... 4-50 Procedures for Diaphragms ........................................................................................................................................................................................ Available Procedures ........................................124 5..................................................................................................................................................................................6 Evaluation Requirements General ..........9 Screening Phase (Tier 1) 3-1 General ............................................................................. 1-16 2.......................5 3................................... 4-1 Procedures for Building Systems ........................ 1................................................................................................ ................................ 4-1 18 Procedures for Nonstructural Components ...............................................................2 2............................................................................................................................... 1 Tier 2 Analysis ..................................................... Level of Performance .........................................................0 4............................ 3..................................................................................... Building Type ......................................................................................................... Level of Investigation Required .........................................................................5 General Provisions 1-1 Scope ............2 3.................................................... 4-94 Procedures for Connections .....106 Procedures for Geologic Site Hazards and Foundations ..................................................................................................................................................1 3.................................................. 3-1 19 Nonstructural Checklists ...... 4..........7 3...........................................4 4........................5 2................................................................................................................................ 3-5 Further Evaluation Requirements ........................................................................................................2 5..................................................................................................................................................................................4 3.....0 2.............................. 3-7 Tier 1 Analysis .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1 5..3 2.......................................................................... 3-3 Selection and Use of Checklists .................................3 ......................8 3...................... Site Visit ............... 1 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 .......... 4........5 4..........................................3 1........ 4-33 Procedures for Lateral-Force-Resisting Systems ..... 5......................................................................................................................................... 1.........8 Evaluation Phase (Tier 2) 4-1 General ....4 1.......................... 1-1 Basic Requirements ............................................................................................ 3-121 4............................... 1 Benchmark Buildings ................................................2 1............................................................2 4.............. 2-1 2................................................................................................................... ............ A-88 ....................................................... Appendix A .. ...A......Examples A-1 Al .. Appendix B ............Summary Data Sheet B-1 Index 1-1 X . A-59 A6............................. Commercial and Industrial ...............O Example 1 : Building Type W 1: Wood Light Frame .........................................................................................................A-44 A5 ........O Example 5 : Building Type W2: Wood Frame....................... ..................0 Example 4: Building Type RM2: Reinforced Masonry Bearing Wall Building with Stiff Diaphragms .........A-34 A4..................... A-73 A7.................................................14 Example 3 : Building Type C3: A3 ....... A-2 A2......O Concrete Frame with Infill Masonry Shear Walls and Stiff Diaphragms ................................. ........................0 Example 6: Building Type S2: Steel Braced Frame with Stiff Diaphragms .............................................................0 Example 2: Building Type S 1A: Steel Moment Frame with Flexible Diaphragms ......................................................0 Example 7: Building Type URM: Unreinforced Masonry Bearing Wall Building with Flexible Diaphragms ............................... This standard does not preclude a building from being evaluated by other well-established procedures based on rational methods of analysis in accordance with principles of mechanics and approved by the authority having jurisdiction (if any). Buildings are evaluated to either the Life Safety or Immediate Occupancy Performance Level (Section 2.5).1 rovisions Scope This standard provides a three-tiered process for seismic evaluation of existing buildings in any level of seismicity (Section 2. ASCE 31-03 Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings 1-1 . The design of mitigation measures is not addressed in this standard. 1.4).General Provisions I.