ARTIFICIAL HEART BY NANOBOTSPRESENTED BY G.RAKESHKANNAN PRE FINAL YEAR RVS CET IS IT ADVICABLE WHY WE NEED ARTIFICIAL HEART? IS IT LIFE LONG? WHAT TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTED? INSTEAD OF NATURAL.WE GO FOR ARTIFICIAL… Are artificial hearts the answer to the transplant shortage? LET US DISCUSS!!!!!!!! . drugs and/or surgery Surviving patients suffering from most severe cases need new hearts! .Heart Disease Heart attack: blockage of coronary artery damages portion of heart muscle Congestive heart failure: gradual weakening of heart Millions suffer from heart disease Many cases are treatable with lifestyle changes. 000. 5-10% could be saved with circulatory assist Several options: Transplant (limited supply) Ventricular assist device Total artificial heart (not needed in general) 4 .000 heart disease deaths/yr.Need for Mechanical Circulatory Assist 15. lines the arteries the buildup of plaque restricts the free flow of blood.WHY NEED TRANSPLANTATION? Coronary heart disease (CHD) afflicts approximately 20 percent of all patients diagnosed with cardiovascular disease In CHD. blood starts to fill in the lungs. or plaque. the transportation of blood becomes impaired when a mixture of fat and cholesterol. which induces pressure drop between the valves the heart is unable to pump enough oxygen-rich blood. which leads to congestion . When the fluid moves to the left. When the fluid moves to the right. blood gets pumped to the rest of the body. 6 .TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART (ABIOCOR:First Completely self-contained TAH) Hydraulic pump transports hydraulic fluid from side to side. Rotates at approximately 10000 rpm. blood gets pumped to the lungs through an artificial ventricle. Valve opens and closes to control fluid motion to the left and right. Power to the AbioCor is achieved with an energy-transfer device called a Transcutaneous Energy Transmission (TET) system.) A Battery pack can pump the AbioCor for 4 hours. Battery pack is the external component. 7 .TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART (ABIOCOR) (contd. battery and coil 2. Cut away ventricles 4. Implant controller. Sew grafts onto atria and arteries 5. Remove patient from heartlung machine We bring life to engineering! . Connect patient to heart-lung machine 3. Connect implants to grafts 6.Surgical Procedure 1. An analog system controller controls the pump speed (8000-12000rpm). 9 . The Jarvik 2000 is an axial flow blood pump. The ventricles are pneumatically (air) powered. much like the heart's ventricles. Audible and visual alerts notify the user of any problems.TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART (JARVIK 7 and JARVIK 2000) The Jarvik-7 has two pumps. or biventricular (both ventricles) support in patients with potentially reversible heart failure.S.TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART (ABIOMED BVS-5000) The ABIOMED BVS-5000 is used worldwide for temporary left. Food and Drug Administration for the support of postcardiotomy patients those who have developed heart failure as a result of heart surgery). It was the first heart assist device approved by the U. right. 10 . Design Refinement Process is iterative You need to repeat various steps after testing Make design changes based on test results Failed designs Identify Problem Specify Criteria Implement Design Design didn’t meet criteria Could be due to inappropriate criteria Test Design Refine Design . the balloon inflates. the balloon deflates. The balloon is guided into the descending aorta.INTRA-AORTIC BALLOON PUMP (IABP) Simple yet effective device to increase coronary perfusion. mounted on a catheter. approximately 2 cm from the left subclavian artery. augmenting coronary perfusion. At the start of diastole. At the beginning of systole. Polyethylene balloon (inflated with helium). 12 . LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES (LVAD) LVAD are used in patients with severe heart failure when the heart is no longer capable of pumping blood. Currently used for short-term applications. LVAD moves blood from the left ventricle to the aorta and back through an air driven pump. 13 . Inserted in the chest cavity. Reduces the workload of the heart allowing the heart to recover its strength. VFP Advantages Generating the stable oscillated flow Self-priming function Excellent controllability of the liquid flow Decreasing the hemolysis by the use of jellyfish valve 14 . The use of VFP.FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS OF TAH Novel mathematical models of hemolysis and blood coagulation from the viewpoint of nanoscale bio-fluid mechanics will be proposed. a treatment of multiple organ failure by the blood flow distribution is being established. The patient’s body can reject an artificial heart. . they are not yet reliable. E. 000 each to make and look after.000 and £100. A. D. C. Artificial hearts are only new technology. just like donated heart transplants. so artificial hearts could replace them. F. The heart battery needs recharging twice a day.Advantages and Disadvantages B. Artificial heart transplants can give a patient an extra month or up to 5 years extra life. otherwise the heart will stop. There are not enough real hearts donated. Artificial hearts cost between £50.