http://quizlet.com/wyliebby11 http://quizlet.com/5454283/art-final-flash-cards/ http://quizlet.com/20001363/art-test-1-flash-cards/ http://quizlet.com/21562087/art-appreciation-2nd-test-flash- cards/ The word art encompasses many meanings, including process. Which of the following is considered an artistic process? 1. memorization 2. human capacity 3. a tapestry 4. sculpting 5. a building sculpting Marc Chagall's self-portrait I and the Village can best be described as a depiction of ____. fantasy An anti-commercial movement begun in the 1960s in which works of art are conceived and executed in the mind of the artist is known as ____. Conceptual art Robert Barry wrote: All of the things I know But of which I am not At the moment thinking - 1:36PM; June 15, 1969 This is an example of a ____. wordwork The 19th-century painter Jean-François Millet wrote, "I try not to have things look as if chance had brought them together, but as if they had a necessary bond between them." Here, the artist is expressing his quest for ____ in his art works. harmony Henri Matisse and Romare Bearden both utilize ____ to create order and harmony in their versions of the Piano Lesson. color and shape repetition In his famous 1907 photograph, Alfred Stieglitz captures the juxtaposition of the upper and lower classes on board the Kaiser Wilhelm II ship. This photograph is titled ____. The Steerage African-American artist Faith Ringgold records the story of her life and dreams on a Harlem rooftop. Her painted memories are depicted within the framework of a(n) ____. patchwork quilt In Nighthawks, Edward Hopper's desolate scene of late night diners in a city café, the scene seems to be set in the period of the ____. 1940s Zaha Hadid's Sheikh Zayed Bridge, connecting Abu Dhabi to the mainland, was heavily influenced by Arabic calligraphy and arches that mimic Middle Eastern ____. sand dunes Picasso protested the horror and brutality of the Spanish civil war in his 1937 masterpiece painting known as ____. Guernica Examining a work of art in its historical, social, and political ____ enables you to better understand it. context In Betye Saar's The Liberation of Aunt Jemima, the artist is protesting the use of Aunt Jemima as a(n) ____. stereotype Marcel Duchamp's Fountain is a readymade, produced from an upside-down ____. urinal Images painted directly on a wall or intended to cover a wall completely, such as José Clemente Orozco's Epic of American Civilization: Hispano-American, are known as ____. murals Judy Chicago's triangular installation called The Dinner Party was constructed to honor and immortalize ____. history's notable women The use of space and atmosphere in Max Beckmann's The Dream could be best described as ____. claustrophobic In Laurie Simmons' photograph Red Library #2, the perfect room and robot-like woman are meant to symbolize ____. the dangers of too much order The Roman Emperor Trajan's tomb is a(n) ____ designed to glorify his military victories; centuries later the French adapted this design for ____. column; Emperor Napoleon Suzanne Valadon's Adam and Eve subverts ____. traditional negative Christian views of women What civilization was obsessed with its idea of beauty, and developed mathematical formulas for sculpting the human body so it would achieve ideal perfection? Classical Greeks The 16th-century artist Leonardo da Vinci produced what is perhaps the most famous painting in the history of Western art. This painting is known as ____. Mona Lisa Glass sculptor Dale Chihuly's Fioridi Como, located in Las Vegas' Bellagio Hotel, is a 70-foot-long ceiling piece reminiscent of the shapes and brilliant colors of Venice's renowned ____ glass. murano Mexican artist Frida Kahlo is best known for her extremely realistic and often anguished ____. self-portraits In Four Marilyns, Pop artist Andy Warhol participated in the cultural ____ of the film star and icon Marilyn Monroe. immortalization Until modern times, art works have been primarily devoted to ____ themes. religious Located in Istanbul, Turkey, the ____ was built as a Christian church in 532-537 CE but was converted to an Islamic mosque in 1453 and now serves as a museum. Its ____ is especially wondrous, appearing to float on light streaming through its row of windows. Hagia Sophia; dome In art, a ____ is usually defined as a moving dot and is both the simplest and most complex of the visual elements. line From the Italian for "light-dark," what term is sometimes used in place of the word modeling? chiaroscuro In La Source, Prud'hon's nude figure is ____. carefully modeled and three dimensional A triangular glass solid that breaks down sunlight or white light into different colors is called a ____. prism The message or meaning in Helen Frankenthaler's amorphous abstract Bay Side seems to lie primarily in its ____. color The colors opposite each other on the color wheel are ____. complementary Art works that utilize closely related families of color seem ____. harmonious and soothing Impressionist painter Claude Monet was trying to capture the effect of ____ in his Haystack at Sunset Near Giverny. optical color Actual texture is primarily experienced through the sense of ____. touch David Gilhooly's Bowl of Chocolate Moose seems gooey and edible. It is a visual pun that employs the use of a technique known as ____. trompe l'oeil When an artist places one object in front of another to create the illusion of depth, it is called ____. overlapping In works with ____, the lines are completed by the viewer. implied line ____, in which parallel lines converge at one or more vantage points on the horizon to create the illusion of depth, was highly refined by ____ artists. Linear perspective; Renaissance American sculptor Alexander Calder is known for his mobiles, which are excellent examples of ____. kinetic art Every Sunday, ____ suggests the motion of the characters by repetition of imagery that changes slightly from frame to frame. Dilbert One of the best ways to create the illusion of motion on a two- dimensional surface is by ____. blurring outlines When you look at a(n) ____ painting, your eyes are manipulated to see rippling movement and afterimages. Op art What inspired Picasso to create his groundbreaking painting known as Les Demoiselles d'Avignon? African and Iberian art The edges formed by the flesh and muscle in Edward Weston's Knees are best described as ____. contour lines Mark Tansey's Landscape depicts three-dimensional massive shapes on a two-dimensional surface, creating what is known as ____. implied mass Which of the following shapes can be considered a cultural icon? 1. all of these choices 2. Chinese yin yang 3. Jewish Star of David 4. Christian cross 5. Apple logo all of these choices In Martina Lopez' Heirs Come to Pass, 3, the primary technique used to create the illusion of depth is ____. relative size In Emily Mary Osborne's Nameless and Friendless, ____ visually connect and lead the viewer's eye around the composition. gestures and glances ____ creates the illusion of roundness or three dimensionality through the use of light and shadow on a two-dimensional surface. Modeling Diagonal lines are often used to ____. imply movement and directionality Unlike pure, bilateral symmetry, ____ provides variety within an overall unified composition. approximate symmetry Leonardo da Vinci's Proportion of the Human Figure can best be considered an example of ____. bilateral symmetry Andy Warhol's grid-based composition, Ethel Scull Thirty-Six Times, exhibits ____ due to the multidimensional and varied views of Scull's personality and expressions. variety within unity ____ is often a major design element in art forms such as ceramics, basketry, jewelry, and stained glass. Radial balance As in Robert Capa's photograph Death of a Loyalist Soldier, imbalance in a work of art can be used to capture a sense of ____. movement Palmer Hayden's The Subway represents a demographic and ethnic cross-section of the strap-hanging riders of 1930s New York City and thus demonstrates ____. emphasis on variety In Family of Saltimbanques, Picasso places visual emphasis on the seated woman in the painting through ____. isolation Content can be a powerful focal point in a work of art. In Edgar Degas' Woman Leaning near a Vase of Flowers, the focal point of the composition is the ____. daydreaming woman A good architectural example of rhythmic progression can be found in the ____ in the ceiling of the mosque at Córdoba, Spain. arches Count de Montizon's photograph The Hippopotamus at the Zoological Gardens, Regent's Park is trying to communicate the ____ of the exotic animal by comparing it to the nine onlookers behind it. scale The device of ____ to create unity is reflected in the ages of the youth, their ethnicity, and their suggested bond of friendship in Delilah Montoya's Los Jovenes (Youth). continuity According to Polykleitos, the head of an ideal human body should be ____ of the total height of the body. one eighth The ancient Greeks developed the concept of the ____ because they believed that it created ideal proportions in architecture. Golden Mean If you superimpose a diagram of a ____ over a photograph of the East façade of the Parthenon, it is a perfect fit. root five rectangle Whether conscious of the mathematical basis of ancient Greek architectural designs or not, Michelangelo utilized their components when he painted the ____. Sistine Chapel ceiling In Welcome the World Famous Brand, the Luo Brothers portray an overcrowded composition which emphasizes ____. the convergence of consumerism and globalism In Kay Sage's I Saw Three Cities, most of the visual weight in the composition occurs in the lower half but is balanced in the upper reaches of the sky by ____. a flowing column of drapery Variations such as the use of complementary colors and the hazy double of the clear, detailed face of the dog contribute to make William Wegman's Ethiopia an example of ____. approximate symmetry In Wu Jide's River Dwellers, patches of white and well placed touches of color are responsible for the overall ____in an asymmetrical and essentially monochromatic composition. visual balance We can discern the proper size of which of the following objects in Magritte's Personal Values? 1. none of these choices 2. comb 3. goblet 4. matchstick 5. bed none of these choices Which of the following statements about the patriarchal figure in Viola Frey's Family Portrait does not indicate his influential status within the family? Toys can be seen in the composition. Although there is much variety amongst the characters in Archibald Motley Jr.'s Saturday Night, the overall composition is unified by ____. a glowing red color field The compositional unity in Thomas Hart Benton's Palisades derives primarily from ____. curvilinear shapes and lines When artists focus on the unity of ideas and meaning in their work rather than the visual and compositional elements, they are pursuing ____. conceptual unity Unlike two-dimensional compositions, three-dimensional objects such as sculptures often have ____. actual balance ____ refers to a distinctive handling of elements and media associated with the work of an individual artist, a school or movement, or a specific culture or period. Style Oskar Kokoschka's frenzied brushstrokes in The Tempest are thought to mirror his own ____. inner torment Donna Rosenthal's male and female figures in He Said...She Said are implied by a suit and party dress made from ____. pages of discarded books and newspapers Compositions such as Barbara Hepworth's Two Figures are termed ____ because they make no reference at all to nature or reality. Nonobjective In Brancusi's sculpture The Kiss, the two figures are reduced to a simple block form, much like the ____ of Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. Cubism Judy Pfaff's nonobjective painting Voodoo leads viewers to try to find subject matter in the work based on its ____. title The form of an artwork includes all of the elements that make up the composition except ____. balance 2. subject matter 3. three dimensionality 4. texture 5. color subject matter The ____ of a work of art is everything that is contained in it. content The main narrative or subject matter of Barbara Kruger's Untitled: We Don't Need Another Hero is ____. gender ideology Jacques Louis-David said "To give a body and a perfect form to your thought, this alone is what it is to be an artist." Based on his statement, David was most likely a(n) ____ artist. realist ____ is the study of the themes and symbols in the visual arts: the figures and images that lend works their underlying meanings. Iconography Roy Lichtenstein's Forget It, Forget Me! is an example of Pop Art that has the visual appearance of a ____. comic strip The underlying symbolism in an artist's depiction of an elderly man stooped over amongst leafless, snow-covered trees in the depths of winter is most likely which of the following? The man is approaching death. Bronzino's complex allegory Venus, Cupid, Folly, and Time offers up such an iconographic puzzle that there is little doubt that he intended to leave the viewer with a sense of ____. ambiguity Willie Bester's collage Semekazi (Migrant Miseries) was intended to symbolize the ____. oppression of South African apartheid Jacques Louis-David was first the court painter to King Louis XVI, but by a twist of fate ended up as painter to ____. Napoleon Bonaparte One of the best ways to illustrate stylistic differences between works of art is to choose several works that have a ____. common theme In Robert Mapplethorpe's photography, such as Ken Moody and Robert Sherman, he drew the world's attention to what it was like to ____. be gay and living in America The setting of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec's The Two Girlfriends takes place in ____. turn-of-the-century Paris Context has a profound influence on style. Artworks are very much a product of ____. their culture at a moment in time ____ refers to the portrayal of people and things as they actually are, with no idealization or distortion. Realism ____ is both a very realistic portrait of rural life in America and an icon of American art due to its many commercial reproductions on cereal boxes, greeting cards, posters, and the like. Grant Wood's American Gothic The couple in Lichtenstein's Forget It, Forget Me! are not very realistic but they are clearly recognizable. The painting is therefore a good example of ____. representational art The artist Jacques Lipchitz said "Copy nature and you infringe on the work of our Lord. Interpret nature and you are an artist." Based on this comment, Lipchitz was probably not a(n) ____ artist. realistic In expressionistic art, the artist intentionally distorts colors and forms in the composition in order to achieve a(n) ____. heightened emotional impact Broadly defined, ____ is the art of running an implement that leaves a mark over a surface. drawing From the Latin for "blood," ____ is the name associated with an earthy red chalk color. sanguine To achieve the subtle tonal contrasts in his Portrait of a Woman, Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux created a hazy atmosphere through the use of ____. soft chalk on coarse paper Edgar Degas was one of the masters of pastel drawing in 19th- century France. In ____, Degas depicted one of his favorite subjects. Woman at Her Toilette Jaune Quick-to-See Smith's The Environment: Be a Shepherd is reminiscent of a ____ due to its simple forms and sketchy manner. mental sketchbook Many of the artist Chuck Close's unidealized portraits, such as Self Portrait/Conte Crayon, are based on a ____, which produces blurry photographic likenesses. grid transfer method After meeting Ms. Mary Lou Furcron, African American artist Beverly Buchanan's life and art have focused on ____, as seen in Henriette's Yard. southern shack dwellers The oldest known type of ink is India or China ink, made from a solution of ____. carbon black and water Pen and ink are used to create drawings, such as Jean Dubuffet's Garden, that are essentially ____. linear As in Giovanni Battista Tiepolo's Hagar and Ishmael in the Wilderness, wash provides a ____ absent in pen-and-ink drawings. tonal emphasis ____ artists are masters of the brush-and-ink medium. They have used it for centuries for all types of ____. Japanese; calligraphy With a drawing, the quality of line and the nature of shading are very much affected by the ____ of the support. texture The medium of brush and wash is more versatile than brush and ink, as seen in Leonardo da Vinci's Study of Drapery. It is so realistic that it is almost ____. photographic In its original meaning, a ____ was a full-scale preliminary drawing executed on paper for projects such as frescoes, stained glass, oil paintings, or tapestries. cartoon Which of the following drawing materials cannot be smudged or rubbed for a hazy effect? 1. chalk 2. silverpoint 3. charcoal 4. pastel 5. pencil silverpoint Dr. Seuss, famous for his children's books, worked for a New York tabloid newspaper as chief editorial cartoonist during ____. World War II Honoré Daumier's pen and ink drawing, The Three Lawyers, is a caricatured illustration of ____. pompous, superficial lawyers Rembrandt copied ____ but added some additional features to his own sketched version. Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper Michelangelo's Studies for the Libyan Sybil is a good example of a drawing that was meant to be used ____. as a preparatory study for another project The unforgiving medium of ____ was widely used for drawing from the late Middle Ages to the early 1500s, when it was largely replaced by the lead pencil. silverpoint In silverpoint drawings, the drawing surface must be coated with a ground of ____. bone dust or chalk mixed with gum, water, and pigment A form of charcoal was used by our primitive ancestors to create images on ____. cave walls The effects of ____ when each is drawn against a paper surface are very similar. charcoal, chalk, and pastel Claudio Bravo's Package is an excellently executed trompe l'oeil drawing that presents the illusion of a package wrapped in ____. crumpled brown paper and string The binding agent that powdered pigment is mixed with to form paint is known as the ____. vehicle The transition to oil paint in the 14th and 15th centuries was gradual. For many years, it was only used for ____ in order to give the paintings a high sheen. glazing Rembrandt used ____ to create his oil-on-board painting of the Head of St. Matthew. impasto When a painter's oil paint becomes too thick, he has to thin it with a ____. medium of turpentine Pop artist Roy Lichtenstein's portrait of George Washington is an oil-on-canvas image that most resembles a(n) ____. comic-book hero Contemporary artist Ed Paschke's Anesthesio composition has been "defaced" by ____, thus obscuring Lincoln's portrait. abstract patches of neon-like color ____ is a mixture of pigment and a synthetic resin vehicle that can be thinned with water. Acrylic Helen Oji's Mount St. Helen's is an opaque impasto composition in the shape of a ____. Japanese kimono In Roger Shimomura's Untitled painting, he has blended traditional Japanese imagery with American cartoon characters and includes a self-portrait in which he is depicted as ____. the Statue of Liberty Contemporary watercolor is referred to as ____, made up of pigments and a vehicle of ____. aquarelle; gum arabic ____ was the principal painting medium during the Byzantine and Romanesque eras of Christian art. Gouache True fresco, or ____, is executed on damp ____. buon fresco; lime plaster The fluidity and portability of watercolor has often lent itself to____. rapid sketches and preparatory studies Master graffiti artists almost always add "tags" to their artworks, which are ____. stylized signatures The Synthetic Cubists were the first to create papiers collés, or collages, in the early 20th century. The two major figures of this movement were ____. Picasso and Braque Miriam Schapiro's Maid of Honour is a paint-and-fabric construction that she labeled ____. femmage Ralph Going's Rock Ola is a contradiction of what we normally consider when we think of a watercolor on paper because the work is considered to be ____. Photorealism Gilbert Stuart's 18th-century traditional portrait of George Washington achieves a realistic likeness largely through ____. modeling In Giotto's 14th-century painting Lamentation, joints can clearly be seen that break the blue sky into numerous sections. This occurred because of the ____. limitations of fresco The ancient Egyptians and Greeks tinted their sculptures with ____ to give them a lifelike appearance. encaustic The traditional composition of tempera, rarely used today, consisted of ____. egg, pigment, and water ____ was the exclusive painting medium of artists during the Middle Ages. Tempera In both tempera and oil painting, the surface of the wood or canvas is covered with a ground of powdered chalk or plaster and animal glue known as ____. Gesso Fifteenth-century artist Gentile da Fabriano applied thinly hammered sheets of gold to his Adoration of the Magi tempera panel using a technique known as ____. gilding The working surface from which a print is made is called a ____. matrix ____ is the only printmaking process in which prints can be rendered in paint as well as ink. Serigraphy Etching is a very versatile medium. In Henri Matisse's Loulou in a Flowered Hat, he used ____ to represent the essential features of a woman. only a few uniformly etched lines The popularity of relief printing declined with the introduction of the ____ process, which did not appear until the 15th century. intaglio In works such as her Untitled mixed-media print of Chinese girls, Hung Liu's purpose is to ____. highlight the degradation of previous generations of Chinese women Which of the following types of printmaking is not an essentially linear media? 1. drypoint 2. woodblock 3. mezzotint 4. engraving 5. etching mezzotint In the 17th century, a Dutchman developed a technique for mezzotint, from the Italian for ____, in which the metal plate is worked over with a multi-toothed tool called a ____. half-tint; hatcher Mezzotint is rarely used because____. it is a painstaking and time consuming procedure In The Painter and His Model, Picasso was able to approximate the effects of mezzotint with a much simpler technique known as ____. aquatint Aquatint is frequently used along with line etching to mimic the effects produced by ____. wash drawings ____ is a type of etching that can be used to produce the effects of crayon or pencil drawings. Soft-ground etching The oldest form of printmaking is ____, and most likely the first people to use it were the ancient ____. woodcut; Chinese The 20th-century American abstract artist Josef Albers created Solo V, an inkless intaglio technique known as ____. gauffrage Lithography, invented in the beginning of the 19th century by a German playwright, is a planographic, or ____, printing process in which a ____ is used. surface; stone slab Chinese artist Wang Guangyi's Great Criticism: Coca-Cola is a ____ that resembles a commercially produced propaganda poster. color lithograph Serigraphy, or silkscreen, was first developed for use as a(n) ____ medium, a fitting medium because Pop artist ____ used it to create Four Multi-colored Marilyns commercial; Andy Warhol A monotype differs from all other printmaking techniques because ____. it only yields a single, unique image The female image in Red Coat by Alex Katz is most reminiscent of a ____. supermodel icon Zhao Xiaomo's Family by the Lotus Pond is a ____. The areas that were not meant to be printed were carved out ____ the surface of the wood. woodcut; below Woodcuts make use of the flat surface of wooden boards, but wood engravings use the end sections of the boards, yielding a ____ surface. hard, non-directional In Paul Landacre's Growing Corn, we see a good example of the ____ that can be obtained from the skillful use of wood engraving. precise lines and tonal gradations Intaglio prints are made from ____ into which lines have been incised. metal plates In the ____ process, the artist creates clean-cut lines on a plate of copper, zinc, or steel by forcing a sharp burin across the surface with the heel of the hand. engraving In creating his Christ Crucified between Two Thieves, Rembrandt used a drypoint needle in order to create ____. soft, velvety lines Etching is an intaglio process in which the matrix is covered with a waxy substance and the design is drawn into this substance. The completed matrix drawing is then put into a(n) ____. acid bath that etches the exposed areas of the matrix The advent of the camera replaced the age-old need of art to imitate nature as closely as possible, and this change, in turn, led to the development of 20th century artistic ____. abstraction The Artist's Studio, taken in 1837, was the first photograph of its kind and was produced on silver-plated copper by ____. Daguerre William Henry Fox Talbot's first "photogenic drawings" were eerie, delicate photographs of ____, produced from a ____. plants; negative After the daguerreotype, the next major advance in the history of photography was the development of the ____ process, an example of which is Young Lady with an Umbrella. autochrome By the 1850s, photographic portrait studios became quite popular and began to serve the needs of ____. a growing middle class Alexander Gardner's Home of a Rebel Sharpshooter, Gettysburg is a graphic photo taken during the ____, probably from a camera in a wagon known as a ____. United States Civil War; Whatsit Dorothea Lange's Migrant Mother is a touching photograph taken during the period of ____. the Great Depression Margaret Bourke-White wrote, "Using the camera was almost a relief; it interposed a slight barrier between myself and the white horror in front of me..." Here, Bourke-White is describing ____. Buchenwald during the Holocaust Edward Steichen's ____, taken in 1906, is one of the foremost early examples of the photograph as a work of art The Flatiron Building-Evening Which of the following photographers is not known also for his or her work in other artistic media? 1. David Hockney 2. William Wegman 3. Sandy Skoglund 4. James VanDerZee 5. Cindy Sherman James VanDerZee William Wegman's Blue Period is a canine spoof on ____. Picasso's Old Guitarist The word photography is derived from Greek roots that mean ____. to write with light A flash or whirl of abruptly changing newspaper headlines meant to indicate the progression of time and events in a film is known as a ____. montage Which classic early color film depicted real life in black and white and imaginary life in expressionistic color? The Wizard of Oz Dara Birnbaum's multimedia installation PM Magazine appropriated images from the network show of the same title in an effort to focus on ____. the exploitation of women Salvador Dalí and Luis Buñuel's 1928 surrealistic film Un Chien Andalou was intended by the creators to ____. evoke instinctive reactions of repulsion and attraction Robert Lazzarini's computer altered study for Payphone is intended to ____. compel the viewer to take a new look at the familiar In both the camera and the ____, light enters a narrow opening and is projected onto a photosensitive surface. human eye When a camera shutter opens for a few thousandths of a second over and over in quick succession, ____ shots are being taken. candid A(n) ____ magnifies faraway objects and collapses the spaces between ordinarily distant objects. telephoto lens The "active layer" of film contains a(n) ____ of small particles of ____. emulsion; silver halide With a Polaroid camera, the photograph appears before your eyes. This is an example of ____ film. color reversal Higher quality photographs are said to have higher ____. resolution The first photographic process to leave a permanent image was invented in 1826 and known as ____. heliography Michelangelo's The Cross-Legged Captive is an example of ____ sculpture. subtractive Due to its ____, clay is frequently used to make three- dimensional preparatory sketches for other sculptures. weakness In his Apollo and Daphne, the Italian Baroque sculptor Bernini captured the softness of flesh and the textures of hair, leaves, and bark, thereby showing us the potential of ____ as a sculptural material. marble In recent years, artists have produced ____ sculptures by welding, riveting, and soldering. direct-metal Referring to sculptures such as ____, art critic Robert Hughes said such works were "everything that statues had not been: not monolithic, but open, not cast or carved, but assembled from flat planes." Picasso's Mandolin and Clarinet Claes Oldenburg's Soft Toilet elevates an everyday object to a work of art and forces us to rethink its function in society. This is an example of ____. Pop art Betye Saar's Ancestral Spirit Chair is constructed of ____. tree branches capped by salt shakers Made from the seat and handlebars of an old bicycle, ____ is probably the best known assemblage of all time. Picasso's Bull Head According to Marcel Duchamp, the function of a readymade was to ____. prompt the viewer to think and think again The Simon Rodia Towers in Watts, coated with glass, tile, shells, and dishes, took 33 years to erect. It an example of a(n) ____. mixed media assemblage The American sculptor ____ was one of the early pioneers of the ____, the first form of art that made motion a basic element. Calder; mobile Which of the following is not an additive sculptural process? 1. Welding 2. Constructing 3. Carving 4. Casting 5. Modeling Carving Of the following, which material is more commonly used in assemblages? wood Edgar Degas' The Little Dancer was exhibited as a wax model in 1881 and later produced in ____. bronze Concerning his Cluster of Four Cubes, George Rickey wrote, "The cubes glide, nearly brushing one another in an intricate and graceful dance that belies their apparent bulk." This is an example of a ____. kinetic sculpture Light sculptor Dan Flavin primarily designs using ____. fluorescent tubes The painful realism of Kiki Smith's figures, complete with body parts and bodily fluids, was likely influenced by her career as a(n) ____. emergency medical technician Janine Antoni's 600-pound cube, titled Gnaw, is made of ____ and sculpted by ____. chocolate; teeth ____ is very likely the most demanding type of sculpture because the artist must have a clear concept of the final product from the very beginning of the process. Carving All but one of the following materials can be used for casting. Which one cannot? 1. Concrete 2. Wood 3. Iron 4. Bronze 5. Wax Wood In the lost wax process, molten metal is poured into a fire- resistant mold known as a(n) ____. investiture Sherry Levine's Fountains after Duchamp pays homage to Marcel Duchamp's original Dada "readymade" and is a classic example of ____. appropriation art In sculptural works such as Three Figures and Four Benches, George Segal produces plaster replicas of people who seem very ____. isolated Louise Nevelson said, "I began using found objects. I had all this wood lying around and I began to move it around, I began to compose." Nevelson's compositions are considered ____. assemblages Wood has more tensile strength than stone, meaning that it can be ____ more. bent and stretched Site-specific works are distinguished from other artworks in that they are produced ____. in or for one location Cai Guo Qiang's classic example of ephemeral art, Transient Rainbow, came and went in about ____ in June of 2002. 15 seconds Daniel Libeskind's zigzag design for his extension of the Berlin Museum was derived mathematically from plotting the addresses of ____. Jewish artists killed in the Holocaust Michelangelo's David was originally installed as a public work of art for the ____ in Florence. Piazza della Signoria One of the most beloved public sculptures in America is Emma Stebbins' Angel of the Waters, located ____. in New York's Central Park A ____, located at the entrance to Barcelona's Parc Guell, has become a favorite symbol of the city. mosaic serpent by Gaudi Antoni Gaudi was known for his ____ that helped define the Modernista style in Catalonia, Spain. playful, organic forms Located in Chicago's Millennium Park, Anish Kapoor's ____ is nicknamed ____ because of its elliptical shape. Cloud Gate; the bean The Cow Parades, turning up in every style and theme imaginable in many cities worldwide, are considered ____. public art The primary purpose of ____ is to preserve memories of persons or events. monuments Probably the most ubiquitous type of monument depicts a man on horseback, known as a(n) ____ statue. equestrian Andy Goldsworthy's Ice Piece was produced using ____. his breath The Oklahoma City National Memorial is a multipart memorial site that incorporates a number of symbolic elements, the most arresting being the ____. Field of Empty Chairs Which of the following is central to Peter Eisenman's Holocaust Memorial in Berlin? a sense of loss and absence Peter Eisenman placed 2711 gray, concrete ____ side by side to create a sense of claustrophobia at the Berlin Holocaust Memorial. stelae Which of the following monuments is considered a traditional triumphal design? 1. Oklahoma City Memorial 2. Berlin Holocaust Memorial 3. Vietnam Veterans Memorial 4. none of these choices 5. National World War II Memorial National World War II Memorial Which of the following statements about the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is not correct? 1. It has 200 foot long black granite walls. 2. The designer was a 22 year old Chinese American woman. 3. There is a large label that states who is being memorialized. 4. The work is antiheroic and antitriumphal. 5. One must descend into the ground to read the list of names. There is a large label that states who is being memorialized. Which of the following was designed to be a site-specific work? New York City's Washington Arch Goldsworthy's Storm King Wall snakes through fields and around trees, ____ and reappears to continue along the landscape. dips into a pond For The Ice Cube Project, Marco Evaristti and his crew ____ on an almost 10,000 square foot iceberg off the Greenland coast. sprayed red dye In Robert Smithson's Yucatan Mirror Displacements, the mirrors transform the environment by interrupting the ____. natural setting Walter de Maria's The Lightning Field is considered a spectacular example of ____. land art For The Gates, Christo and Jeanne-Claude installed ____ throughout Central Park in February of 2005. saffron colored fabric panels Which artist used their body as a building site for miniature dwellings for the work entitled Landscape-Body-Dwelling? Charles Simonds For her "Volcano" Series, Ana Mendieta marked the presence of ____ in the landscape using various methods and materials. her body The Native American dwellings at Mesa Verde, Colorado used ____ as part of the back support for more than one hundred rectangular ____. cliff walls; apartments Because it rests on a square base, the dome of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is supported by four triangular surfaces known as ____. pendentives In Hiroshi Sugimoto's Go-oh Shrine, by using both smooth and rough areas of wood and stone, the architect reveals that his primary emphasis is to create contrasts in ____. texture ____, primarily used for covering roofs of structures, acquire their strength from the fact that the sides of a triangle, once joined, cannot be forced out of shape. Trusses Originally a derisive term, ____ uses mass produced, light, easily handled cuts of wood and metal nails for the assembly of millions of homes and small buildings on site. balloon framing Richard Morris Hunt's Griswold House, built in 1863, was designed in the short-lived ____ style. Its exterior treatment resembled an assemblage of matchsticks with many turrets, gables, and dormers. Stick The 17,000 almost identical small homes built in post-World War II Levittown, New York, are a reflection of the ____. need for mass suburban housing for growing metropolitan areas Nineteenth-century industrialization led to the development of ____ as a building material, and it was the first material to allow the erection of tall buildings with relatively slender walls. cast iron Louis Sullivan's rigid horizontal and vertical processions of façade elements that suggest the regularity of the spaces within his Wainwright Building reinforce Sullivan's famous motto that ____. "form follows function" The Eiffel Tower's magnificent iron trusses were ____. prefabricated The original idea for reinforced concrete began in the 1860s with Jacques Monier, who proposed strengthening concrete ____ with wire mesh. flowerpots The prehistoric Stonehenge is one of the earliest examples of ____ construction, in which two stones were set vertically and a third stone laid across them, creating an opening beneath. post-and-lintel Which of the following structures did Tokyo architect Shigeru Ban not design? 1. Paper Refugee shelter 2. MOMA paper-tube arch 3. Nomadic Museum 4. Paper museum 5. Pod House Pod House In Frank Lloyd Wright's famous "Fallingwater," he made use of reinforced concrete to produce ____. cantilevered decks Which of the following statements about steel cable construction, first used to build the Brooklyn Bridge, is not true? 1. It has great tensile strength. 2. It is flexible, allowing the roadway underneath to sway. 3. It can be aesthetically pleasing. 4. Its many parallel wires share the stress. 5. It can only span very short distances. It can only span very short distances. ____ designed a type of shell architecture for the American Pavilion at Expo 67 in Montreal known as the ____. Buckminster Fuller; geodesic dome The assertive clashing of shapes in Frank Gehry's high-tech Ray and Maria Stata Center at MIT symbolizes ____. the diverse disciplines that will be housed in the structure Peter Testa believes we "need to rethink how we assemble buildings" and has designed a high-rise tower out of ____. woven carbon fiber The Incan fortress of Machu Picchu is considered to be ____ construction, as it was built without any mortar. dry masonry The interior of the Egyptian temple of Amen-Re at Karnak is cluttered by a forest of columns because of the ____. weight of the massive stone lintels One of the best preserved ancient Roman aqueduct systems is the ____ near Nimes, France. The ____ of the limestone blocks allowed for the weight of three tiers of arches. Pont du Gard; compressive strength The Church of St. Michael at Hildesheim, Germany, built in the Ottonian period (1001-1031), has square bays and its walls are blank and massive. This is due to its ____. barrel vaulting ____ are constructed by placing barrel vaults at right angles to cover a square space known as a ____. Groin vaults; bay The Church of St. Étienne was one of the first cathedrals to use true ribbed vaulting, allowing a(n) ____ to be pierced through the walls from which light could enter the nave of the church. clerestory The Gothic, pointed arch church of Notre-Dame of Paris is bathed in light due to its ample ____. fenestration