APUSH - Final Exam Review Packet

1__________, _________ Last name, Period First name Score ___ ___ APUSH Final AP Review Packet This is it. The packet to end all packets. The packet to prepare you mentally and spiritually for the AP exam. There are 5 different sections, each with its own challenge. The packet as a whole is due Friday, May 10, but section 4 should be completed by Tuesday, May 7 to compare in class. Bring your packet every single day and you will have time work with your classmates on it in class most days. Packets not turned in by Friday, May 10 will receive a -20 point deduction. Start working now! 1. Decade Association (courtesy of Mr. Sleete, who stole it from Mr. Struck, who stole it from a teacher in NC, Warren Hierhl) 2. Reviewing U.S. History Vocab – Part 2 (Should be easy, we have done pieces of this in class) 3. Thematic Thinking (Will be the most labor intensive, but likely the most important) 4. Making a DBQ or FRQs (Complete by Tuesday, May 8 – You can make changes later, but bring this in Tuesday so we can discuss and do some practice in groups) 5. Mystery Docs (Don’t just go to the internet for help, read, use your brain, try to guess first) This packet counts for a project grade, test grade, homework grade, and writing grade. Each section counts for 20 points. Incomplete sections could range in a 5-20 point deduction. You will receive one score out of 100 for the entire packet and this will be put into the gradebook 4 times as different types of grade. Please sign the honor pledge below to reaffirm your commitment to academic integrity. Failure to sign the Honor Pledge will result in a 20 point deduction automatically. Honor Pledge Final APUSH Exam Review Packet I did not give my answers directly to any other person in any APUSH class or copy answers from any living soul, but I used my book, internet resources, notes, class discussion, and my brain to complete this assignment. I talked through some questions with other classmates in class and in study sessions, but I did not tell them what letter goes in what blank or give them a series of answers or copy their prompt or a prompt from the internet or one we did previously in class. Academic integrity is more important to me than a few extra points on an assignment. I understand that if I do this project correctly and fully, my grade will be fine, and I will likely do better on my APUSH exam which is more important than improving my grade a few points. So I plan to use this as a study guide not just as a way to get points. 2 Printed Name ______________________________ Signature ________________________________ Date ______ Decade Association – Part 1 Place the correct decade or group of years beside each group of specific factual information. Remember, some items can fit into more than one decade so be sure to read through and consider the entire group. Don’t simply go through the exercise mindlessly. Think about: • • • • What each item is (There will likely be some terms you are not 100% familiar with, if that is the case, use the other terms around it to try figure out what it could be referring to, and then look it up!) How it relates to that particular decade What other terms could be associated with it Use the following groups of years in place of decades for the colonial period o 1600-1650s o 1650-1700s o 1700-1750s After the 1750’s use the normal decades Decade Association • 1. ______ “Long hot summers”, Freedom Summer, Greensboro sit-ins, U-2 incident, détente 2. ______ “lost generation”, Warren G. Harding, Henry Ford, Sacco and Vanzetti, Marcus Garvey 3. ______ Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), phony war, Congress of Industrial Organizations, brain trust, Huey Long (Kingfish) 4. ______ Alger Hiss, NSC 68, NATO, Casablanca Conference, Henry Wallace 5. ______ American Colonization Society, Missouri Compromise, Era of Good Feelings, Tariff of Abominations, South Carolina Exposition 6. ______ American Federation of Labor, Dawes Act, Alfred Thayer Mahan, horizontal integration/vertical integration, Haymarket Square Incident 7. ______ baby boomers, Sputnik, beat generation, Brown v. Board of Education, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg 8. ______ bank holiday, National Recovery Act, destroyer deal, Scottsboro boys, Wagner Act 9. ______ Bank of the United States, Virginia-Kentucky Resolutions, XYZ Affair, Whiskey Rebellion, Jay Treaty 10. ______ Bank war, spoils system/rotation in office, Second Great Awakening, Transcendentalism, gag rule Japanese interment. Alan Ginsburg ( Howl) 26. Polk. quota system. ______ Georgia O’Keefe. Lincoln-Douglas debates. ______ Hinton Helper/Impending Crisis. Ostend Manifesto. Olive Branch Petition. ______ Fair Deal. “Birth of a Nation”/D. Charles and Mary Beard. 16th. ______ Bland-Allison Act. Henry Cabot Lodge. Coercive/Intolerable Acts. Battle of Little Bighorn. Thomas Nast. ______ Committee on Public Information. 21st Amendment. ______ Chautauqua Movement. bleeding Kansas. Virginia/New Jersey Plans. Henry George (Progress and Poverty). Truman Doctrine. Eisenhower Doctrine.W. Clayton-Bulwer treaty. ______ Emancipation Proclamation. Gadsden Purchase. Uncle Tom’s Cabin.3 11. normalcy. ______ Freeport Doctrine. Keynesian economics. salutary neglect. Illinois. “Crime of ‘73” 14. Article X. ______ F. Taft-Hartley Act 24. cultural isolation. ______ Federal Highway Act. Sandford. Battle of Antietam. Coxey’s Army. ______ Battle of Saratoga. Korean War. “waving the bloody shirt”. ______ hundred days. Albany Plan. “Back to Africa movement”. ______ Bay of Pigs Malcolm X. Great White Fleet. Trent Affair. Neal Dow. Fugitive Slave Law. Stephen Douglas. America First Committee. ______ Connecticut (Great) Compromise. Teller Amendment. ______Boxer Rebellion. Crittenden Compromise 22. War on Poverty. popular sovereignty. 18th Amendments 17. Homestead Act. Boss Tweed 16. Federal Reserve System. Treaty of Paris 18. ______ Insular Cases. Bonus march. Sumner-Brooks affair 21. Square Deal . Scott Fitzgerald. Wobblies 19. Wounded Knee 15. Lecompton Constitution 30. James K. ______ Creel Committee. Warren Commission. Yalta Conference. ______ French and Indian War. William Pitt 28. 17th. Munn v. Lucretia Mott 20. Ralph Nader (Unsafe at any Speed) 13. Edward Hopper. Griffith. International Workers of the World. Manifest Destiny. Washington Naval Conference 23. ______ Dred Scott v. “good and bad” trusts. Elijah Mohammad (Black Muslims). National Labor Relations Act 31. Barbary Pirates. dole 25. New Deal. disestablishment. Boston Tea Party 12. ______ Fair Labor Standards Act. League of Nations. Montgomery bus boycott. Frederick Olmstead. Freedmen’s Bureau. ______ cult of domesticity/true womanhood. mercantilism. Albert Fall 29. Nashville Convention 27. Thomas Paine/Common Sense. Harlem Renaissance. National banking Act. Gabriel Prosser’s Rebellion. corrupt bargain. ______ Molly Maguires. Interstate Commerce Act. Andrew Carnegie. ______ Miranda v. Berlin Airlift. Robert LaFollette 34. Ferguson. insurgent’s revolt. ( On the Road) 41. John D. affirmative action. Mencken. Hunt. ______ Langston Hughes. Scopes Trial 37. Wade. crop lien system. Thomas Hart Benton. Populist (People’s Party). Underground Railroad 38. Alien and Sedition Acts 42. ______ Jacob Riis. Madison. Louis” 44. national Defense Education Act. Teapot Dome/Elk Hills Scandals. Mann-Elkins Act. John F. Calvin Coolidge 39. ______ Kellogg-Briand Pact. interchangeable parts 43. Oregon. “Spirit of St. Joseph Pulitzer. Orders in Council. Andrew Mellon. ______ Oregon Territory. Citizen Genet. Franklin Roosevelt. Herbert Hoover. Granger Laws 46. Erie Canal. “Black Jack” John Pershing. John Slidell. de Tocqueville/ Democracy in America. Ku Klux Klan. Federal Deposit Insurance Corp (FDIC). Muller v. ______ Lewis and Clark. ______ Margaret Sanger. dynamic conservatism. Northern Securities Case. cotton gin/Eli Whitney. Cuban Missile Crisis 45. National Origins Act. Horace Mann. Commonwealth v. Turner (Frontier) Thesis 50______ New Nationalism. Lowell/Walthan System/Lowell girls. Louisiana Purchase. abolitionists. New Freedom 51. Jack Kerouac. ______ Jackie Robinson.. Marshall Plan.. ______Little Rock school crisis.4 32. ______ Morrill Land Grant Act. Webster-Ashburton Treaty . mugwumps 52. Huey Newton (Black Panthers). Charles Lindbergh. impressments. Universal Negro Improvement Assoc. ______ John C. Arizona. Radical Reconstruction 48. Party Sys. Roe v. ______ Jimmy Carter. nature of the union. Gibbons v. Watergate. 13 th 14th 15th Amendments.L. ______ National Industrial Recovery Act. ______ Monroe Doctrine. Kansas-Nebraska Act. Gerald Ford 35. Ogden 47. removal of deposits 36. Embargo Act. bonus march 49. San Francisco Conference 33. Calhoun. yeoman farmers. Samuel “Golden Rule” Jones. “forty acres and a mule”. ______ Loose/strict constructionism. ______ open range. GI Bill of Rights. TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority). Charles River Bridge case.. ______ Marbury v. ______ Know Nothing/American Party. National Labor Union. Republican Party/3 rd Am. Rockefeller. Michael Harrington ( The Other America). Bill of Rights. H. antebellum. Kennedy (New Frontier). Judicial Review 40. Plessy v. ______ new immigrants. ______ Stamp Act Congress. Mexican American War. Louis Sullivan. Sherman Anti-Trust Act 72. Gilded Age. Samuel Gompers. Russo-Japanese War. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. ______ Servicemen’s Readjustment Act. yellow journalism. A Century of Dishonor. Booker T. non-importation agreements. Stamp Act. Salvation Army.E. ______ Seneca Falls Convention. ______ Panama Canal. Irish immigration. Atlanta Compromise. 68. Stokely Carmichael (Black Power). Indian Reorganization Act 66. U. Camp David Accords. Big Stick Policy. Bakke v Board of Regents 64. Gospel of Wealth. John Dewey. Ralph Bunche. Jim Crow Laws. ______ Peter Zenger trial. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo.S. Northwest Ordinance. Edward Bellamy (Looking Backward) 61.5 53. Knights of Labor. Freedom of conscience. ______pragmatism (William James). DuBois (Niagara Movement). Lochner v. ______ Palmer Raids. George Kennan. Chinese Exclusion Act 57. ______ Pilgrims/Separatists. Keating-Owen Child Labor Act. ______ Peace Corps. New York. ______ settlement house movement. ______SALT I Treaty. social Darwinism 71.______ Samuel Slater Federalist/First American Party System. Sons of Liberty. Mayaguez incident. James Oglethorpe. undeclared naval war. Korematsu v. Anne Hutchinson. headright system. Mormons. Betty Friedan (The Feminine Mystique). Paxton Boys. ______Quartering Act. Washington. ______ Social Gospel. Schenck v. jingoism.S. Farmer’s Alliances. United Nations. George Whitefield. Great Awakening. Clayton Anti-trust Act. ______ Shays’ Rebellion. Sugar Act. Sherman Silver Purchase Act 69. muckrakers 73. Great Society 56. Three-fifths Compromise. Articles of Confederation. Progressive movement. Roosevelt Corollary 55. Pinckney Treaty. Hay-Buneau-Varilla Treaty 60. Open Door Policy. ______ Platt amendment. Townshend Acts . preparedness 54.B. ______ Spanish-American War. court packing scheme. Annapolis Convention 70. American Anti-slavery Society 62. Young Men’s Christian Association. Gentlemen’s Agreement. Dollar Diplomacy. ______Prigg v Pennsylvania. Maine Laws. ______ Pendleton (Civil Service) Act. ______ spheres of influence. Neutrality acts. city on a hill 59. no taxation without representation 63. full funding/assumption 65. Wilmot Proviso 67. hippies.. Pontiac’s Rebellion. free soilers. “share the wealth”. W. ______ Securities and Exchange Commission. Jonathan Edwards 58. William Jennings Bryan. U. Upton Sinclair (The Jungle). ______ Treaty of Ghent. Force Act. ______supply-side economics. ______ Tea Act. ______ Theodore Roosevelt. Food Administration. reservationists. Tenure of Office Act. Pure Food and Drug Act. Helsinki Accords. sit-down strike. Anthracite Coal Strike 78. Hartford Convention. ______ Seward’s Folly. Chief Joseph 77. Adams-Onis Treaty. Cross of Gold speech. ______ Volstead Act. Dorothea Dix. Kent State 87. War Hawks. Crisis papers 76. Rachel Carson (Silent Spring). Bacon’s Rebellion. ______ Whigs/2nd American Party System. Pullman Strike. Halfway Covenant 79. Worcester v. ______ Treaty of Versailles. Boston Massacre. Bull Moose Party. Emilio Aguinaldo. Georgia 80. ______ Works Progress Administration (WPA). ______ Trail of Tears.6 74. Plessy v. J. “evil empire” 75. BallingerPinchot Affair 82. Mayflower Compact. Morgan. nullification. Geraldine Ferraro. ______War Powers Act. Triangle Shirtwaist fire 84. irreconcilables. ______ Voting Rights Act. Federal Trade Commission. Equal Rights Amendment. William Lloyd Garrison/Liberator. Credit Mobilier Scandal. Iran-Contra. Roger Williams. Vietnamization. Woodrow Wilson. ______indentured servants. Gaspee Affair. Federal Reserve Act. Barry Goldwater. long drives. OPEC. Cuban Missile Crisis. John Steinbeck ( Grapes of Wrath). Specie Circular 88. Sussex/Arabic Pledges. ______Trade and Navigation Acts. salutary neglect.______ Triple wall of privilege. Keating-Owen Child Labor Act. King Phillip’s War. ______Underwood-Simmons Tariff. insurgents’ revolt 85. First/Second Continental Congress. (Guam/Nixon Doctrine) 86. Fourteen Points. Great Puritan Migration. redemption (redeemers).P. “he kept us out of war”. Social Security 90. scalawags Reviewing US History Packet – Part 2 . Horatio Alger. Independent Treasury. ______ William Randolph Hearst. American System 81. Oliver North. cash and carry. Ferguson 89. House of Burgesses 91. sharecropping. Zimmerman Note (Telegram) 83. Apologist’s view of slavery. ______ the Grange. 10. 12. Booker T. Upton Sinclair f. ___ Passed to provided the federal government more control over the national money supply. Opened Hull House to provide social services to poor immigrants in Chicago. 17. Archduke Ferdinand (1914) b. William Howard Taft c. put mark next to the ones you are not 100% sure. Ida Tarbell g. Northern Securities (1904) l. Jailed in WWI for violating the Espionage & Seditions Acts. email me. Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) 1. Book called: A History of Standard Oil. he hoped. Bull Moose Party n. 18 Amendment (1919) r. Served from 1913 to 1921. Outlawed the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages. ____ Civil Rights leader who delivered the “Atlanta Compromise” Speech. 16. 20. Go through it with a pencil. Hoped African Americans would obtain vocational training and rise economically. ___ Jailed during the Pullman Strike. 15. ___ Exempted unions from prosecution under the Sherman Act. ____ Prohibition. President from 1901-1909. ____ Most unpopular Progressive Era President. Jane Addams i. He demanded rapid equality and also believed that a “talented 10th” could lead the way to improvement. Perhaps his biggest mistake was not following through on his campaign pledge to lower tariffs (see political cartoon below). Woodrow Wilson d. 4. ___ First successful prosecution under the Sherman Antitrust Act. DuBois k. Theodore Roosevelt b. Conservationist & lover of the outdoors. ___ Voters became angry when Taft signed this law which raised import taxes (Taft had promised to lower the tariff) 11. Often called the “Nobel Experiement”. 19 Amendment (1920) s. Payne-Aldrich Act (1909) m. ____ First African American awarded a Ph. Then go through and check notes and resources to review ones you forgot. ___ Income Tax Amendment. Founded Tuskegee Institute.7 This is an intense review of things of past. Founded Socialist Party. Rockefeller’s ruthless business practices. A railroad monopoly was “busted” by Teddy Roosevelt. 14. would eventually produce social and political quality. if you have questions about a question. The Pure Food & Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act were passed in reaction to this book. PROGRESSIVE ERA: 1900-1920 (match each item with its description) a. Debs e. ____ Environmentalists were angered when Taft fired the Director of the US Forestry Service. Central Powers c. 8. WORLD WAR ONE (match each event with its description) a. Also angered environmentalists by firing US Forestry Chief Gifford Pinchot. Economic opportunities. Washington j. Second Progressive Era President who angered Theodore Roosevelt for attacking “Good Trusts” like US Steel. 9. President of the USA between 1909 and 1913. Their writings triggered a lot of government reforms. Federal Reserve Act (1913) t. 2. He was criticized by some leaders for “giving in” or “accepting” discrimination.a book a bout the disgusting meat packing industry. “Strict Neutrality” (1914) . Allied Powers d. and leave blank the ones you have no idea. ___ The First Southerner and only the Second Democrat elected President after the Civil War. ___ Theodore Roosevelt founded this Party while running for President in 1912. W. Eugene V. 6. 7. answer the ones you know.E. 17th Amendment (1913) th th q. 13. 3. 16th Amendment (1913) p. ___ Once said: I take great interest in the Panama Canal because I helped create it. Pinchot Controversy (1909) o.B. Civil Rights leader who rejected the idea of “waiting” for political and social equality. US v. ___ Writers who exposed social problems. 5. The Progressive Era resulted in the rapid ______________________ of government power. 19. ___ Women’s suffrage. There are some repeat answers in numerous sections. D. ____ Started the Settlement House movement. Muckrakers h. ____ Muckraker who wrote The Jungle. ____ Muckraker who wrote about John D. ____ “Trustbuster” & first “environmentalist” President. 18. by Harvard University. The Party ultimately ended up splitting the Republican Party and helped to elect Woodrow Wilson. ___ Declared that the Espionage & Sedition Acts were legal and constitutional. Announced Germany’s intention to break the Sussex Pledge. Espionage & Sedition Acts o. Messages were sent by the government to unify Americans to support the war. ____ Germany. Senate b. Victory Gardens n. Wilson’s original peace proposal. ____ Assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gabriel Princip. Over 1.” 3. 14. on Public Information h. 6. Germany promised to help Mexico attack the US if the US declared war on Germany. Germany could transfer troops from the Eastern Front in Russia to the ___________ Front in France! 7. This event was the “spark” which resulted in WWI. in other words. This House of Congress must approve a President’s treaty before it is ratified (declared legally binding) 2. Turkey 9. Lusitania (1915) l. ___ Wilson asked Americans to “remain neutral in thought as well as in action. 5. ___ Program to conserve food. Made many Americans very angry at Germany. The federal government. ___ The most immediate reason the US declared war on Germany. Treaty of Brest-Litvosk (1917) m. Russia signed this treaty and gave up nearly 25% of its land area. Austria-Hungary. War Labor Board f. Washington Conference h. We fought to help them win. Warren G. Sussex Pledge (1916) j. ____ Organized to mediate or settle disputes between workers and factory managers. Harding d. ___ CPI. Americans did not want US troops to be commanded by an international organization.” He hoped the USA could avoid being dragged into the European war. Knox Resolution (1921) g. Part of the Charter or founding document of the League of Nations. 10. Required Germany to pay unreasonable amounts of money for having started the War. 5.8 e. 13. Prevented strikes and kept the factories producing items soldiers needed to win the war! 4. Americans also endured “Wheatless Mondays” and “Meatless Tuesdays” 11. Part of the Treaty of Versailles that punished Germany and forced Germany to accept responsibility for starting WWI. Great Migration g. work to prevent a costly and dangerous military arms race. Declared that all ember nations were expected to help defend other nations when they were attacked.” 15. “Return to Normalcy” e. “He Kept Us Out of War” i. It is possible that France and England might not have required Germany to pay if the United States had not required France and England to fully repay financial debts from WWI. Calvin Coolidge c. Isolationism 1. Reparation Payments c. 2. ____ Great Britain. Italy. ____ Outlawed criticism of the government and any attempt to interfere with the government’s military draft 3. US 1. THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES (match each item with its description) a. ____ 3. ___ British passenger ship torpedoed by German u-boat submarine. ____ THE 1920s (match each item with its description) a. 12.000 killed. ____ 2. Messages produced a lot of anti-immigrant and anti-foreigner fear which carried over to corrupt society in the 1920s. ____ Woodrow Wilson’s re-election campaign slogan. ____ Germany promised to stop attacking the US with U-boats (submarines). Article X e. 8. 14 Point Plan f. France. The US government’s propaganda machine. ____ 5. Zimmerman Telegram (1917) k. Teapot Dome . ____ 4. 4. Com. Many Americans feared this might result in American troops being sent into battle without being ordered to do so by Congress or the President. ____ Russia was defeated and withdrew from the War. the Red Scare b. ____ Hundreds of thousands of African Americans moved from the South to the North where they found employment in factories during WWI and WWII. was allowed to limit the public’s 1st Amendment right of “free speech” in time of war and when there was a “clear & present danger. War Guilt Clause d. Wilson hoped this would make WWI the “war to end all war. Kellog-Briand Pact f. Schenck v. He wanted to abolish secret treaties. 1. 9 i. KDKA x. Radios and “talkies” (movies with sound) became common for the first time during the 1920s 22. He was worried about other scandals beside Albert B. Passed twice by Congress but vetoed each time by Republican President Coolidge (Coolidge believed in laissez-faire). This was an important step to prevent an expensive naval arms race. Flamboyant leader. mechanization n. Quota Acts q. Agricultural Adjustment Act e. McNary-Haugen Bills aa. 13. Nativism o. Farmers f. ____ Signed by the US. 9. 3. 19. Harlem Renaissance bb. however. 21. 25. Secretary Albert B. ____ Established a “naval holiday. Urban observers felt the rural fundamentalists were “backwards” or too old fashioned. Americans were also scared by the radical strikes of 1919 and by the anarchist mail bombings that same year. Income Gap h. Flappers w. 8. Palmer Raids u.000 to 5 million members during the post-WWI. 15. Charles Lindbergh j. ____ The US Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles because Senate isolationists did not want the US to join this organization 6. ___ Warren G. Dawes Plan y. Underconsumption b. ___ First radio station. Executed. ___ Involved in a sensational trial that was closely followed by the mass media and public. 7. Harding’s 1920 campaign promise. The US Senate agreed to this to officially end the technical state of War against Germany. Hawley-Smoot Tariff c. Mass media made him a hero. ___ Langston Hughes.” Encouraged a modern “Back to Africa” movement. Several hundred were actually deported out of the country. Scopes “Monkey” Trial s. Rugged Individualism d. ___ Illegal liquor houses. ___ Practice of taking out a loan to get into the stock market. Americans voted for Harding because the desired an end to all of the “reforming” and “government rules” they were forced to follow during the Progressive Era and WWI. Babe Ruth k. bars.especially in northern urban areas. Believed strongly in laissez-faire policy. Served as President until 1929. however. France and 60 other nations. Critics of his plan argue that it “made the rich richer and poor poorer. ___ Republican Secretary of State Andrew Mellon served for 12 years. ____ Dislike or hatred of immigrants. Wanted to reduce government intervention in the economy. The plan. Fall is the highest ranking government official ever to go to jail for a corruption scandal. ___ Took over for Harding and was also elected. Embraced and celebrated Black American culture. Ku Klux Klan p. ___ Founded the UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association). Very pro-business. would allow tax payers to save money which they could then invest to create businesses and jobs for the poor. Marcus Garvey v. His business plans (like the Black Star Cruise Line) ultimately failed. His economic program focused on cutting taxes for the rich. They wanted schools teach the biblical story of Creation.” 26. ___ Famous for being the first person to fly non-stop over the Atlantic. The plan. Historians regard this as a bit of an overreaction. anti-foreigner time period between (1920-25). ___ Other American products also declined in price because more and more machines were being used to produce items in electric powered factories. ___ 60 homeruns! Mass Media’s sport’s hero. 23. League of Nations l. ____ Passed to reduce the number of “New” Immigrants (Jews and Catholics from _____________ and ___________ Europe). 14. 27. ___ Died of a heart attack while President. ___ Involved in a sensational trial that was closely followed by the mass media and public. 5.” World powers agreed to halt construction of large warships for 10 years (1921-31). ___ Cheaper because it was mass produced by Henry Ford on the assembly line. ___ Increased from about 5. proved to be worthless because there was no way to enforce the agreement. The Republican candidate promised to end the government social reforms that were part of the Progressive Era and WWI Homefront experience. France and England might not have forced the collections of reparation payments from Germany if the US did not pressure them to repay loans from WWI. 17. ____ Wilson’s Attorney General rounded up and arrest thousands of labor leaders. Often because immigrants competed for jobs with native born Americans. ____ America loaned money to help Germany repay reparations to France and England. he believed. THE 1930s: FDR’s NEW DEAL (match each item with its description) a. Banks who made these kinds of loans ended up losing money and failing after the stock market crashed. saloons. Model T m. ___ These were designed to help American farmers who were bad off economically after WWI and during the 1920s. 16. Rural religious ______________ were outraged by the teaching of Darwin’s theory of evolution. 12. Many argued they did not receive fair trials because they were immigrants. Said “Black is Beautiful. immigrants. ____ Triggered by the Bolshevik or Communist Revolution in Russia. Sacco & Vanzetti r. Margin Buying z. 4. 10. 18. was not perfect. 24. Falls. 11. Countee Cullen. While lowering consumer prices. speakeasies 1. Convicted of murder on largely circumstantial evidence. ____ This was necessary because the US Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles. Important classifications of warships (like submarines) were not included in the agreement. The agreement officially “outlawed” international war. Trickle Down Theory t. Business Cycle g. 20. Doing this. this process also resulted in lowering wages and increasing unemployment as machines began to do the difficult tasks that were once performed by skilled workers. FDR’s “Coalition” . Once said: The Business of America is Business. 2. ___ President Harding’s Secretary of the Treasury went to jail for taking bribes and selling government oil reserves. socialists and potential communists. Francisco Franco e. 6. ___ Blue Eagle was its symbol. Republican Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon’s “Trickle Down” tax cuts directly benefited the wealthy. unemployed. artists. The TVA also controlled floods and helped create jobs. 14. writers. ___ Sick chicken. ___ WWI veterans. ____ Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon and Republican President Hoover maintained a generally laissez-faire policy after the stock market crash. Section 7a also provided workers with a minimum wage. Fireside Chats p. Planted a lot of trees and improved parks. 26. National Recovery Administration o. Civilian Conservation Corps s. Adolph Hitler f. They were violently thrown out of town by the Army. Many people rushed to withdraw savings after the market crashed. EVENTS BEFORE & CAUSES OF WORLD WAR TWO (march each item to its description) a. ___ Agencies like the Works Progress Administration created jobs for lots of people. Radio Priest. etc. Laissez-faire q. People knew banks made “margin loans” that were invested in the stock market. Schechter v. 18. Conservatives complained tha the government competed with private industry by producing cheap hydro-electric power through the TVA. People.” From Louisiana. Wagner Act v. 16. The event reinforced President Hoover’s image for not caring about the common man who needed help. Passed to limit production and help farmers raise prices. Mary McCleod Bethune l. Manchuria (1931) g. No more New Deal laws. began laying off or firing workers because they did not need to produce more items if business inventories remained high and buying was slow. Marched to Washington. Enlarged the role of government.gov’t now is expected to help the needy. 23. Factory Workers. The “Kingfish. The goal was to stabilize factory production and reduce industrial unemployment. ____ Harmed by _________________________ . Francis Townsend bb. 3. disabled. 5. 27. FDR’s New Ddeal: African Americans. Washington. He hoped to protect future New Deal laws from also being declared unconstitutional. FDR arranged for the performance to be held on the Lincoln Memorial. stopped buying things. Sick Industries t. 22. ___ The label applied to FDR’s plan to fix the economy during the Great Depression. Ethiopia (1935) h. Working people get paychecks and spend money. Assassinated. ___ Young men hired for environmental conservation projects. This was probably not a wise policy when 25% of the nation was unemployed. 20. Businesses need to produce more and hire more workers when people are buying.” He supported a socialist program of taxing all annual income over $1 million. ___ Workers lost jobs as new technologies replaced them or as new technologies made their occupations obsolete. Revolutionized the role of government. however. Treaty of Versailles (1919) b. US case. Lay-offs. US (1935) w. Coal miners were gradually replaced by oilmen. ___ The most significant law passed during the New Deal. The NRA is declared unconstitutional. however. ___ Critic of FDR and the New Deal. FDR lost the push to add Justices. Railroad workers were replaced by truckers. DC to pressure Congress for early financial rewards for serving the nation. New Deal 1. 9. Experienced racial discrimination by not being allowed the chance to perform in Constitution Hall. ____ One of the main causes of the Great Depression. ___ FDR was angered by the Schechter v. 19. Wanted a “Revolving Pension Plan. Marian Anderson j. inspecting and reopening only sound banks. 25. Nye Committee . 15. The Daughter’s of the American Revolution (DAR) refused because she was Black. maximum workweek. Even “good” banks failed because of this.construction workers. “Prime the Pump” y. ____ The FDIC was established to prevent these. Francis Coughlin aa. Already in a depression and hurting economically throughout the 1920s. 21. His reform proposal was called “Every Man A King. ___ Most famous critic of FDR and the New Deal. 7. 24. 11. Great Depression c. Depositor Panic m. Eleanor Roosevelt (FDR’s wife) resigned her membership in the DAR to protest the racism. The goal was to put people back to work. Industries worked with government to follow codes to limit production and end “cutthroat” competition. Bank Holiday x. ____ First African American to direct a federal agency. of course. only made the problem worse. Creeping Socialism r. Bonus Army n. Kicked off the “First Hundred Days” of the New Deal. were declared unconstitutional. Directed the New Deal’s National Youth Administration. ___ Critic of FDR and the New Deal. ____ The very first thing FDR. Blamed private bankers for the Depression. Calmed everyone down. backfired when European nations stopped buying US goods. and protections for labor unions. ____ Mechanization indirectly resulted in worker pay reductions. They believed it would “fix itself” like it always had before. ___ How FDR communicated his ideas to the public during the Great Depression & WWII. Ended the banking panic by closing. The plan. Court Packing Plan u. Facorties. 4.10 i. ___ Republican President Hoover really did care for people but he refused to provide direct government relief to help the needy. 8. Benito Mussolini d. consequently. etc. Social Security Act k. 17. 13. Wanted the federal government to nationalize (take over and own) the banking industry. ___ Tennessee Valley Authority. ___ Subsidies. ___ People who benefited from Democratic Pres. 10. Farmers. orphaned. for a variety of reasons. DC. 12. ____ Famous African American singer. ___ Conservatives argued that the New Deal violated this principle of economics.” Argued that the elderly should be given $200 each moth to spend. ____ Hoover attempted to protect US factories from foreign competition. Provided help to the elderly. Huey Long z. 2. Cash & Carry Plan (1939) r. ____ Fascist dictator who came to power during the Spanish Civil War 3. ____ D-Day (June 1944). ___ FDR and British Prime Minister Winston Chruchill met secretly aboard an aircraft carrier off of the coast of Newfoundland. Truman Doctrine (1947) b.” The official start of WWII. Allied invasion of Normandy to liberate France. 11. Operation Torch b. They were locked up out of fear and prejudice 7. 11. ___ Victim of the German “blitzkrieg. college tuition. ___ Passed to help the British after France was conquered by Germany. and as long as buyers were not allowed to buy on credit 18.” Congress announced the US would become an “arsenal for democracy” & provide weapons to nations fighting fascism. The two planned to “defeat Hitler first” and to establish an international organization. Highway Act (1955) h. ___ Fascism and Communism are exact political opposites. Joseph McCarthy (1950) f. Iwo Jima & Okinawa j. 8. Munich Conference (1938) n. 13. Neutrality Acts (1935. ____ Commanded US forces in Europe. Eisenhower g. US President during the 1950s. 15. 17. Capturing selected Japanese held islands. 36. Prohibited the sale of weapons to warring nations. Operation Overlord c. ___ The best example of Appeasement. French Indochina (1941) j. 8. and vocational training 12. FDR explained his reasoning with a “fire hose analogy. France and England agreed to give in to Hitler’s demand for the part of Czechoslovakia called the Sudetenland. Appeasement l. ____ Conquered by Japan in 1941. GI Bill 1. NATO (1949) e. Japan fought to the last man. Its reparations requirements also negatively affected the European economy. Korean War (1950-53) g. Nat’l Def. The United States attempted to “punish” Japan by placing an embargo of oil and scrap metal against Japan. ___ Congress amended the Neutrality Acts to allow the sale of weapons to nations at war… as long as buyers picked up their own supplies…. ___ Provided WWII veterans with low interest mortgages. 5. The two really hated each other but wanted to divide Poland. Many were US citizens who did nothing wrong. Leapfrogging i.the UN. Its war guilt clause angered Germans. 16. Suez Crisis (1956) . 6. ____ Another act of international aggression. Rosie the Riveter h. 3. Poland (1939) q. Nonaggression Pact (1939) p. Hitler lied at the meeting and promised that he would no longer demand any more territory. Internment d. Encouraged isolationism. ____ Aggressive German fascist dictator who invaded neighboring countries during the “Anchluss” (plan to unite German speaking people) 5. 10. ____ Aggressive Italian fascist who invaded Albania and Ethiopia 4. MacArthur f. 10. Hitler and Stalin shocked the world by announcing that they would not attack each other. Turning point in the Pacific war against the Empire of Japan 9.. 19. ___ American warship attacked in China by Japan. Panay Incident (1937) k. ___ Developed the first atomic weapons dropped on Hiroshima & Nagasaki. ___ Symbol of the American female factory worker who went to work during WWII.to keep peace after the war. Kamikaze attacks. Lend-Lease Act (1941) o. 14. Berlin Airlift (1948) d. ____ Islands close to Japan. ____ Pacific War strategy. ____ Naval battles. ____ Allied invasion to liberate North Africa from Nazi & Italian control 2. ____ Congress voted to declare war after this place was attacked by Japan. Pearl Harbor (1941) s. 4. Germans were also angered by the way the treaty took land away from Germany. ___ Argued that the United States never should have entered WWI. Women workers! SELECTED COLD WAR ITEMS (match each item with its description) a. US k. Passed to keep the US out of future world wars. ____ Encouraged the rise of totalitarian governments (nations run by mean dictators). 2. ___ Isolationist laws. WWII: SELECTED ITEMS (match each item with its description) a. 6. ____ Japanese-Americans were placed in “camps” or minimum security prisons during WWII. Atlantic Charter (1941) 1. ____ Ended WWI. Captured by US forces late in WWII.11 i. One of Japan’s responses to the embargo was to attack Pearl Harbor. ____ Said that Japanese internment was in fact constitutional during time of war. France and England declare war after Germany invaded. Japan invaded northern China. Italy invaded this nation. ___ Giving in to an aggressor to avoid fighting. Marshall Plan (1948) c. 37) m. Korematsu v.a nation created when European borders were redrawn by the Treaty of Versailles. US public opinion forces US to evacuate China militarily to avoid war. Midway & Coral Sea e. 7. ____ The first significant act of international aggression (when one nation invaded another). 12. Manhattan Project l. 9. ____ Commanded US forces in the Philippines and later during the Korean War. Lincoln’s Election (1860) b. 10. 11. ___ 41.” 2. ___ The US promised to send military aid to support any democration nation fighting communism in the Middle East 12. Mecklenberg (1971) o. Voting Rights Act of 1965 k. Stalin wanted the US out! We were a hole in the “Iron Curtain. Domino Theory b. Eisenhower Doctrine (1957) m. ___ Warsaw Pact was this items communist equivalent. ___ Mass demonstrations organized by ML King and the SCLC. Jackie Robinson c.12 i. ___ Ended the brief thaw in the Cold War. Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961) k. De Jure Segregation n. 9. ____ Segregation policies enforced by law. Goal = contain or stop communism. ____ The Cold War “turned hot” when the communists launched an invasion. Ended Jim Crow system. Operation Rolling Thunder g. Kansas-Nebraska Act c. Martin Luther King. Escalation h. Rosenbergs (1953) 1. 8. b. Suffolk Resolves Adopted 1 ____ 2 ____ 3 ____ 4 ____ 5 ____ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------a. 4. She refused to give up her seat to a white man. 2.a peaceful. ___ Most dangerous event of the Cold War. Pearl Harbor Attacked 1st ____ 2nd ____ 3rd ____ 4th ____ VIETNAM (match each item with its description) a. Vietnamization . 4. Ferguson “separate but equal” ruling. Thurgood Marshall e. Board of Education. ___ Outlawed discriminatory poll takes. Bleeding Kansas 1st ____ 2nd ____ 3rd ____ 4th ____ 5th ____ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------a. ____ Truman’s response to Stalin’s blockade of West Berlin. Brown v. Little Rock (1957) f. ____ First African American to serve on the US Supreme Court 3. Congress Declares War b. 13. Failed because Kennedy withdrew US air support. Boston Tea Party e. Khrushchev cancelled the Paris Summit meeting with Eisenhower because President Eisenhower refused to stop ordering US spy planes from flying over the Soviet Union. Eisenhower’s Secretary of State Dulles’ policy of “Massive Retaliation” fails. CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT (match each item with its description) a. Civil Rights Act of 1964 h. 10. ____ First used in Greece & Turkey. Increased spending to improve high school teaching of science and mathematics. Swann v. ____ Congress passed the Nation Defense Education Act in 1958 in response to this event. ___ Outlawed discriminatory literacy tests. 6. Hungarian Uprising (1956) j. ____ Arrested for violating Jim Crow segregation laws. Inner cities declined. Claimed “205 Communists” had infiltrated the US State Department. ____ Executed for sending atomic secrets to the Soviet Union 7. ____ US provided billions in economic aid to reconstruct Western Europe’s economy. Declared school segregation to be unconstitutional.000 miles of interstate highways. ____ Rejected the 1896 Plessy v. Military aid to contain communism.the goal was to educate a generation of American rocket scientists! First satellite. Gave federal officials the power to enter southern towns to register voters when fewer than 50% of African Americans were registered to vote. Berlin Wall constructed (1961) n. Rosa Parks (1955) d. Kent State (1971) d. 12. Lexington & Concord th th d. ____ Soviet violently crush pro-democracy movement behind the Iron Curtain. Ho Chi Minh Trail c. Topeka Kansas (1955) l. mass demonstration to pressure Congresss into supporting the Civil Rights Act of 1964. ____ Busing court decision 9. South Carolina Secedes e. California 1. 14. 5. Compromise of 1850 d. 7. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) l. Sputnik (1957) o. De Facto segregation m. CHRONOLOGY REVIEW (place events in order) a. ____ Failed plot to overthrow Fidel Castro in Cuba. Sit-Ins (1960) g. Tet Offensive (1968) f. U-2 Incident (1960) p. ____ Sparked the harsh 2nd Red Scare. The SCLC wanted to draw attention to the voting issue. ___ President Eisenhower was forced to send troops to integrate this school. Suburbs like “Levittown” became common. Jr. 24th Amendment i. 8. Selma March (1964) j. 14. ___ Outlawed segregation in public facilities. Bakke v. 13. 3. US Embargo Against Japan d. ____ Segregation patterns that are produced by habit and custom. 5. Made it possible for workers to commute long distances to and from work. Tea Act Passed c. French Indochina Invaded c. Massive public works project signed into law by Eisenhower. President Kennedy ordered the naval “quarantine” or blockade. Delivered the famous “I have a dream” speech during the 1963 March on Washington. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution e. ____ First African American to play Major League Baseball in 1947. ____ Founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Intolerable Acts Passed st nd rd b. 11. 6. ____ Affirmative Action court decision. ___ Nixon visited this nation and established relations. Choose one option for each theme . 29. Sparked the modern feminist movement. ____ Nuclear power plant that almost had a “meltdown. Equal Rights Amendment 15. ___ Tiny Caribbean Island. Reagonomics y. US v. A major step to end the “arms race” 21. “Great Society” j. “Moral Majority” o. 4. ___ Punished the US for supporting Israel during the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Afghanistan (1979) q. Three Mile Island (1979) k.” The Russian plant Chernobyl actually did “meltdown” in 1986. 2. 80s (match each item with its description) a. ____ The US is one of five permanent members of this part of the United Nations. Wade (1973) l. Camp David Accords i. ____ Turning point in the War. SALT I (1972) p.S. NOW v. ____ Communication technology that revolutionized entertainment in the 1950s. ___ 1950s writers. ___ Where people were moving in the 1970s and 1980s. “Silent Majority” n. Determines military actions. ___ Organized by President JF Kennedy. 3. China (1972) t. 7. 9. ____ President Nixon’s plan to gradually withdraw US ground troops from Vietnam. ___ “New Right” conservative Republican voters who supported Ronald Reagan in 1980 and 1984. Felt that private businesses could make better decisions than lawmakers or bureaucrats. ___ Conservative Republican voters who supported Richard Nixon in 1968 and 1972. Silent Spring (1966) s. 13. 11. Peace treaty signed between Israel and Egypt. 6. ___ Failed because 3/4ths of the states failed to ratify it. SELECTED ITEMS FROM THE 50s. increased government spending on the Vietnam War and on social programs. ___ Died when the Space Shuttle Challenger exploded 12. ____ Students shot by national guardsmen in Ohio. Beatniks cc. 5. Young people volunteered to live and work in poorer Third World nations. Gray Panthers u. The Feminine Mystique (1963) r.to stop the spread of communism. microchip g. 70s.” 28. Inflation was triggered by: the energy crisis. OPEC Embargo 1. ___ Concerned with the rights of the elderly 31. ___ President Kennedy administration’s “name brand” 23. US public especially concerned watching TV news reports of the US embassy being attacked. Grenada dd. Sandra Day O’Connor u. ____ Reason for fighting the Vietnam War. A major step toward peace in the Middle East. Argument of “Executive Privilege” was rejected. ___ Economic problem of the 1970s. Peace Corps h. Sunbelt ee. Christie McAuliffe v. ___ Written by Rachel Carson. Stagflation d. ___ US and Soviet Union agreed to limit development of atomic weapons for 5 years. Nixon (1974) m. Prices inflated while unemployment also increased. 10. 19. 27. ___ President Carter’s most significant accomplishment. 8. U. ___ First woman to serve on the Supreme Court 14. ___ President LB Johnson’s “name brand. ____ Part of President Reagan’s plan to improve the economy. ____ Cut taxes for the rich who will invest in the economy and create jobs for the poor. New Frontier e.13 1. Criticized Americans fro being materialistic and culturally “shallow. Geraldine Ferarro w. Designed to protect the US from nuclear attack. Deregulation z. 60s. ____ President LB Johnson is given power to use complete military power to fight the communists. UN General Assembly b. He was involved in the cocaine drug trade. Generally laissez-faire approach. Television f. A lot like Mellon’s “trickle down” theory from the 1920s. 22. ____ Legalized abortion in the first trimester. ____ Very expensive military projected supported by President Reagan. ___ Written by Betty Freidan. LBJ was given this power after Congress learned of “unprovoked” attacks against the US in international waters off the coast of North Vietnam. UN Security Council c. Roe v. ____ All nations belong to this part of the United Nations 2. 17. Southern and Western USA. 4. 3. Removal of government rules that businesses are required to follow. 18. 30. Manuel Noriega aa. 16. 26. ___ President Bush ordered US troops to invade Panama to arrest him. ___ Nominated for Vice President of the United States by the Democratic Party in 1984.” Included massive spending for a “War on Poverty” 24. ___ White House Tapes. ____ Technological development that allowed for the mass production of desktop computers in the 1980s. Students were protesting an apparent widening of the Vietnam War. President Reagan ordered invasion to stop spread of Cuban communism there. Watergate Scandal. 5. History Thematic Thinking – Part 3 Using the 12 themes below you will produce one of the following three items for each topic. 25. “Star Wars” or SDI bb. Supply-Side Theory x. Sparked the modern environmentalist movement. US public opinion and support for the war decreases after the Vietcong attack targets throughout Vietnam. 20. influence of religion on politics. political and social effects of slavery. Economic Transformation: changes in trade. Religion in the U. labor. art. War & Diplomacy: armed conflict from the pre-colonial period to the 21st century. temperance. economic implications – changes in birth. Goal is to help you organize these different events. labor and unions. and urban and suburban expansion. and gender in the history of the U.g. Social & Political Movements and Reforms: includes anti-slavery.S. industrialization. Politics & Citizenship: colonial and revolutionary legacies. internal migration. social.. and one similar event not on another card (Ex. and political effects of immigration. 10 Note Cards a. and the American South and West. education. people and relationships among different groups. the economic. Provide a short bullet pointed explanation of each event with date on the back Graphic Organizer a. economy. Grangers. struggles for civil rights. Globalization: engagement with the world from the 15th century to present: colonialism. life expectancy and family patterns. the effects of capitalist development. gay rights. music. development of markets. 3x5 minimum b. If your term was Populists. and film throughout U. (You can mix and match and do some pictures. after definition you could write: Similar: Greenback. marriage. and consumerism. history. philosophy. popular culture and the dimensions of cultural conflict within American society. public health. Slavery and its impact and legacy: systems of slave labor and other forms of unfree labor (e. or you can do all of one of these options.S.S. and technology across time. cultural exchange. class.) American Culture: diverse individual and collective expressions through literature. political traditions. 3. social. commerce. the role of race. global hegemony. Pictures that weave 10 events related to the theme together b. U. women’s rights. & development of the modern state. so make sure whatever method you use is helpful 2. civil rights.S. some graphic organizers. including date. Recognizing regional differences within the context of what it means to be an American. Must be organized – no bubble maps with no rhyme or reason b.S. Theme should be written in upper right hand corner of card d. growth of democracy. Demographic Changes: political. Write detailed definition on the back. population size and density. American Diversity: diversity of U. and society. theater. Environmental Issues: ideas about the consumption and conservation of natural resources. contract labor) in Native American societies. mercantilism. imperialism. indentured servants. economics. the Atlantic World. and government. Term should on front (non-lined side) of card e. pollution. the economics of slavery and its racial dimensions. Progressives) Visual Representation of 10 events a. Each should fit on or two sheets of paper (explanations can be on separate sheet) c.S. American Identity: views of the American national character & ideas about U. exceptionalism.14 1. Defining citizenship. and society. and migration networks. impact of war on American foreign policy and on politics.: the variety of religious beliefs and practices in America from prehistory to the 21st century. and death rates. Should have detailed information on each of the events you decided on this theme c. and some note cards. Make a 1 DBQ OR 3 Free Response Questions – Part 4 DBQ Choose 1 of 3 Topics . the impact of population growth. patterns of resistance and the long-term economic. ethnicity. your thesis.) 3. or Assess the effects of or reasons for some particular phenomenon. or Compare the influence of some institution during different periods . determine “To what extent”. and formulate a question based on that. provide the following information in the provided box (see example). To what extent can the 1920s be compared to the Gilded Age?) 3. For each: 1. determine “To what extent”. Late 19th Century / Early 20th Century American Imperialism 3. laws) each should be within your specific time period.) (Ex. memos. or FRQ Create 3 separate FRQ prompts. Bullet point 4 other outside pieces of information you would use to support your thesis (no need to explain – just list the event/person/law. Then make a comparison of 2 different time periods in history that have some similarities. 4. Write a thesis 4. Start by looking up the topic online and in your book. 2.15 1. Write a thesis 5.1870’s 2. but some differences. 2. Social Issues of Early America 1783-1915 For each: 1. Write a prompt (Make sure it is a complex question that asks either to: “Assess the validity” of a generalization. Write a prompt (Make sure it is a complex question that asks either to: “Assess the validity” of a generalization. Evaluate a concept/generalization. and a 4 bullet point specifics you would use. Bullet point 4 other outside pieces of information you would use to support your thesis (no need to explain – just list the event/person/law) Mystery Docs – Part 5 For each of the quotations below. Evaluate a concept/generalization. Find 5 Documents (At least one must be a visual – picture/political cartoon) (Type of things you are looking for: Letters. Speeches. looking at some of the issues and debates around it and find some documents that might be helpful in understanding these issues. DATE CONTEXT DOCUMENT & DOCUMENT EXCERPT . Social Issues of 1850’s. Start by choosing one of the APUSH themes. That the supreme court of the United States shall consist of a chief justice and five associate justices. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men. competitive examinations for testing the fitness of applicants for the public service now classified or to be classified here. Convincing NY to join union Federalist Paper #51 Demonstrates the importance of Checks and Balances. It is only common sense that we should safeguard this investment and make sure that it was not in vain. included in Constitutional Convention – ex. in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence. and so far as may be shall relate to those matters which will fairly test the relative capacity and fitness of the persons examined to discharge the duties of the service into which they seek to be . Any country whose people conduct themselves well can count upon our hearty friendship. among other things. They reach their full growth when the hope of a people for a better life has died. and prosperous. no government would be necessary. 2.16 WHY IMPORTANT? ex 1787 James Madison Ratification Process after Constitutional Convention. neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. as elsewhere. however reluctantly. for open. Veto. or when the commissions of two or more of them bear date on the same day. and shall hold annually at the seat of government two sessions.and we shall surely endanger the welfare of our own nation. Presidential appointments. The seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by misery and want. or standard. as follows: First. We must keep that hope alive. The assistance that I am recommending for Greece and Turkey amounts to little more than 1 tenth of 1 per cent of this investment. Chronic wrongdoing. That the associate justices shall have precedence according to the date of their commissions. They spread and grow in the evil soil of poverty and strife. or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society. I would not recommend it except that the alternative is much more serious. 4 It is not true that the United States feels any land hunger or entertains any projects as regards the other nations of the Western Hemisphere save such as are for their welfare. ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation. Great responsibilities have been placed upon us by the swift movement of events. the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed. All that this country desires is to see the neighboring countries stable. This is an investment in world freedom and world peace. If we falter in our leadership. 2 This is a serious course upon which we embark. And.under. said rules shall provide and declare. according to their respective ages. the one commencing the first Monday of February. The United States contributed $341. The free peoples of the world look to us for support in maintaining their freedoms. No voting qualification or prerequisite to voting. practice.000. we may endanger the peace of the world -. as nearly as the conditions of good administration will warrant. If a nation shows that it knows how to act with reasonable efficiency and decency in social and political matters.000. If angels were to govern men. to the exercise of an international police power. and in the next place oblige it to control itself. it need fear no interference from the United States.000 toward winning World War II. 1 SEC. if it keeps order and pays its obligations. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled. 3 SECTION 1. and later judicial review If men were angels. and the other the first Monday of August. and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States. 5 SECOND. Such examinations shall be practical in their character. any four of whom shall be a quorum. may in America. orderly. or procedure shall be imposed or applied by any State or political subdivision to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color. We shall endeavor in spite of this to keep the United States of America neutral. and Whereas the United States is assisting the peoples of southeast Asia to protest their freedom and has no territorial. or new States. such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or service as aforesaid. 3. to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack . or contracts are authorized from time to time by the Congress. That the Congress approves and supports the determination of the President. the Secretary of Defense is authorized to use the units. and to all the acts and ordinances of the United States in Congress assembled. therefore be it Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled. and a proportional part of the expenses of government. but desires only that these people should be left in peace to work out their destinies in their own way: Now. any defense article for the government of any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States. That any person escaping into the same. 6. In the event of this not succeeding. ordered into the active military service of the United States pursuant to Section 1 of this Order. (2) To sell. exchange. the President may. any or all of the units of the National Guard of the United States and of the Air National Guard of the United States within the State of Arkansas to serve in the active military service of the United States for an indefinite period and until relieved by appropriate orders. 7 SECTION 1. generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas. or the bead of any other department or agency of the Government (1) To manufacture in arsenals. to any such government any defense article. (a) Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law. conformable thereto. always. 8 9 1 0 Whereas these attackers are part of deliberate and systematic campaign of aggression that the Communist regime in North Vietnam has been waging against its neighbors and the nations joined with them in the collective defense of their freedom. and the States which may be formed therein. and shipyards under their jurisdiction. make peace together. otherwise than in the punishment of crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted: Provided. Arkansas. authorize the Secretary Of War. to the extent to which funds are made available therefor. the Secretary of the Navy. The inhabitants and settlers in the said territory shall be subject to pay a part of the federal debts contracted or to be contracted. In carrying out the provisions of this section. SEC. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory. lend. military or political ambitions in that area. to be apportioned on them by Congress according to the same common rule and measure by which apportionments thereof shall be made on the other States. and members thereof. The settlement in detail is left to you. within the time agreed upon by the United States in Congress assembled. Little Rock. factories. or otherwise dispose of. The Secretary of Defense is authorized and directed to take all appropriate steps to enforce any orders of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas for the removal of obstruction of justice in the State of Arkansas with respect to matters relating to enrollment and attendance at public schools in the Little Rock School District. transfer title to. shall forever remain a part of this Confederacy of the United States of America. and to such alterations therein as shall be constitutionally made. and the taxes for paying their proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the district or districts. from time to time. The said territory. we make Mexico a proposal or alliance on the following basis: make war together. New Mexico. lease. 4. or both. as Commander in Chief. Art. when he deems it in the interest of national defense. from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed in any one of the original States. SEC. as in the original States. but no defense article not manufactured or procured under paragraph Art. subject to the Articles of Confederation.17 appointed. or otherwise procure. 2. 6 We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare. I hereby authorize and direct the Secretary of Defense to order into the active military service of the United States as he may deem appropriate to carry out the purposes of this Order. and Arizona. Massachusetts Bay. each and every nmmber of the respective bands or tribes of Indians to whom allotments have been made shall have the benefit of and be subject to the laws. We cannot be separated in interest or divided in purpose.18 against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression. having this Day concluded a Treaty of amity and Commerce. We recognize the imperative need for this development. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike. A vital element in keeping the peace is our military establishment. New Hampshire. and every Indian born within the territorial limits of the United States who has voluntarily taken up. In the councils of government. in a larger sense. which this programme does remove. We do not wish to injure her or to block in any way her legitimate influence or power. who struggled here.instead of a place of mastery. North Carolina. and is entitled to all the rights. This we may.we can not hallow. within said limits. Connecticut. The world will little note. whether said Indian has been or not. American makers of plowshares could. with time and as required. 1 3 1 4 Now we are engaged in a great civil war. make swords as well. and so dedicated. so that no potential aggressor may be tempted to risk his own destruction. nor long remember what we say here. living and dead. so that security and liberty may prosper together. New York. The total influence-economic. ready for instant action.loving nations of the world in covenants of justice and law and fair dealing. testing whether that nation. while it can never forget what they did here. We annually spend on military security more than the net income of all United State corporations. We have no jealousy of German greatness. so is the very structure of our society. political. 1 5 The most Christian King and the United States of North America. as a final resting place for those who died here. And every Indian born within the territorial limits of the United States to whom allotments shall have been made under the provisions of this act. We grudge her no achievement or distinction of learning or of pacific enterprise such as have made her record very bright and very enviable. We are met on a great battle field of that war. or any nation so conceived. Our toil. Our military organization today bears little relation to that known by any of my predecessors in peace time. Yet we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications. But. In regard to these essential rectifications of wrong and assertions of right we feel ourselves to be intimate partners of all the governments and peoples associated together against the Imperialists. we can not dedicate -. Added to this. three and a half million men and women are directly engaged in the defense establishment. We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes. by birth or otherwise. for the reciprocal advantage of their Subjects and Citizens have thought it necessary to take into consideration the means of strengthening those engagements and of rondring them useful to the safety and tranquility of the two . of the State or Territory in which they may reside. resources and livelihood are all involved.we can not consecrate -. is hereby declared to be a citizen of the United States. This conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the American experience. New Jersey. For such arrangements and covenants we are willing to fight and to continue to fight until they are achieved. but only because we wish the right to prevail and desire a just and stable peace such as can be secured only by removing the chief provocations to war. Pennsylvania. this ground-. Until the latest of our world conflicts. 1 1 1 2 Sec. or under any law or treaty.The brave men. his residence separate and apart from any tribe of Indians therein. We stand together until the end. that the nation might live. every state house. Maryland. 6. whether sought or unsought. we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence. -the new world in which we now live. every office of the Federal government. We wish her only to accept a place of equality among the peoples of the world. Our arms must be mighty. can long endure. But now we can no longer risk emergency improvisation of national defense. by the military-industrial complex. or indeed by the fighting men of World War II or Korea. a member of any tribe of Indians within the territorial limits of the United States without in any manner affecting the right of any such Indian to tribal or other property. Rhodes island. to wit. and immunities of such citizens. Delaware. the United States had no armaments industry. have hallowed it. We should take nothing for granted only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals. far above our poor power to add or detract. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. and has adopted the habits of civilized life. -. in all propriety do. even spiritual-is felt in every city. We do not wish to fight her either with arms or with hostile arrangements of trade if she is willing to associate herself with us and the other peace. both civil and criminal. That upon the completion ef said allotments and the patenting of the lands to said allottees. XIV. Virginia. and no Territory shall pass or enforce any law denying any such Indian within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the law. and Georgia. and there is nothing in this programme that impairs it. South Carolina. We have come to dedicate a portion of it. we have been compelled to create a permanent armaments industry of vast proportions. privileges. Watkins) after the Select Committee had issued its report and before the report was presented to the Senate charging three members of the Select Committee with "deliberate deception" and "fraud" for failure to disqualify themselves. for the reason that slavery cannot exist a day or an hour anywhere. He heard me argue the Nebraska bill on that principle all over the State in 1854. by lawful means. was a "lynchparty". "I. It matters not what way the Supreme Court may hereafter decide as to the abstract question whether slavery may or may not go into a Territory under the Constitution. in a manner contrary to the Rights of Nations. 1954. that the national Legislature ought to consist of Two Branches. misrepresented. and in 1856. exclude slavery from their limits prior to the formation of a State constitution. Resolved. which characterizations and charges were contained in a statement released to the press and inserted in the Congressional Record of November 10. Watkins) was guilty of "the most unusual. against the wishes of any citizen of the United States. and such conduct is hereby condemned. Hence. 1954. and in characterizing the said committee as the "unwitting handmaiden. Those police regulations can only be established by the local legislature. they will elect representatives to that body who will by unfriendly legislation effectually prevent the introduction of it into their midst. 2.-That the government of Cuba shall never enter into any treaty or other compact with any foreign power or powers which will impair or tend to impair the independence of Cuba. now to be assumed and undertaken by the government of Cuba. That the government of Cuba consents that the United States may exercise the right to intervene for the preservation of Cuban independence. and individual liberty. they are for it. either by direct hostilities. or by hindring her commerce and navigation. in 1855. . and he has no excuse for pretending to be in doubt as to my position on that question. acted contrary to senatorial ethics and tended to bring the Senate into dishonor and disrepute. lodgement in or control over any portion of said island. in repeatedly describing this special Senate session as a "lynch bee" in a nationwide television and radio show on November 7. their legislation will favor its extension. that in my opinion the people of a Territory can." 1 7 1 8 Sec 2. Resolved that it is the opinion of this Committee that a national government ought to be established consisting of a Supreme Legislative.19 parties. still the right of the people to make a Slave Territory or a Free Territory is perfect and complete under the Nebraska bill. If. to obstruct the constitutional processes of the Senate.that it distorted. nor in any manner authorize or permit any foreign power or powers to obtain by colonization or for military or naval purposes or otherwise. impower'd to concert the Clauses & conditions proper to fulfil the said Intentions. and his Majesty and the said united States having resolved in that Case to join their Councils and efforts against the Enterprises of their common Enemy. that the special Senate session that was to begin November 8. Judiciary. The Senator from Wisconsin. should break the Peace with france. property. most cowardly things I've ever heard of" and stating further: "I expected he would be afraid to answer the questions. in stating to the public press on November 13. in writing to the chairman of the Select Committee to Study Censure Charges (Mr. Mr Lincoln knew that I had answered that question over and over again. and if the people are opposed to slavery. and for discharging the obligations with respect to Cuba imposed by the treaty of Paris on the United States. the maintenance of a government adequate for the protection of life. as Mr." "involuntary agent" and "attorneys-in-fact" of the Communist Party and in charging that the said committee in writing its report "imitated Communist methods -. and omitted in its effort to manufacture a plausible rationalization" in support of its recommendations to the Senate. the respective Plenipotentiaries. and Executive. no matter what the decision of the Supreme Court may be on that abstract question. Lincoln has heard me answer a hundred times from every stump in Illinois. unless it is supported by local police regulations. and the Peace subsisting between the two Crowns. 1954. that the chairman of the Select Committee (Mr. 1 6 Can the people of a Territory in any lawful way. …. exclude slavery from their limits prior to the formation of a State constitution? I answer emphatically. 1954. particularly in case Great Britain in Resentment of that connection and of the good correspondence which is the object of the said Treaty. have. after the most mature Deliberation. I hope Mr." "III. Lincoln deems my answer satisfactory on that point. but didn't think he'd be stupid enough to make a public statement". 1954. 1. concluded and determined on the following Articles. in stating to the press on November 4. on the contrary. and to impair its dignity. the people have the lawful means to introduce it or exclude it as they please. or prohibited to the other. omits the word "expressly. and three fifths of all other persons not comprehended in the foregoing description. we do not find that of establishing a bank or creating a corporation. But the question respecting the extent of the powers actually granted." we find the great powers to lay and collect taxes. It would probably never be understood by the public. . . requires. he shall. That so soon as the military resistance to the United States shall have been suppressed in any such state. [is] now universally admitted. and could scarcely be embraced by the human mind. The principle. A constitution. . then. Its nature. except Indians. resident in the state in their respective counties. and the minor ingredients which compose those objects be deduced from the nature of the objects themselves. But there is no phrase in the instrument which. and of all the means by which they may be carried into execution. The men who drew and adopted this amendment had experienced the embarrassments resulting from the insertion of this word in the articles of confederation. and which requires that everything granted shall be expressly and minutely described. and probably omitted it to avoid those embarrassments. to declare and conduct a war. in proportion to the whole number of white and other free citizens and inhabitants of every age. not paying taxes in each State. are entrusted to its government. in some degree. Among the enumerated powers. that only its great outlines should be marked. and to request each one to take the oath to support the constitution of the United States. sex. but from the language. the provisional governor shall direct the marshal of the United States. 1 9 2 0 SEC. the constitution of the United States. and in his enrolment to designate those who take and those who refuse to take that oath. and no inconsiderable portion of the industry of the nation. introduced? It is also. thus leaving the question. and condition including those bound to servitude for a term of years. This government is acknowledged by all to be one of enumerated powers. which rolls shall be forthwith returned to the provisional governor. and to raise and support armies and navies. that it can exercise only the powers granted to it. to contain an accurate detail of all the subdivisions of which its great powers will admit. by proclamation. like the articles of confederation. its important objects designated. are reserved to the States or to the people". that the right of suffrage in the second branch of the national Legislature ought to be according to the rule established for the first. we do not find the word "bank. Resolved. and in conformity with. warranted by their having omitted to use any restrictive term which might prevent its receiving a fair and just interpretation. found in the ninth section of the 1st article. all the external relations. The sword and the purse. and if the persons taking that oath shall amount to a majority of the persons enrolled in the state. 2. and to enroll all white male citizens of the United States. 8. Although.20 7. Even the 10th amendment. Why else were some of the limitations." or "incorporation. . excludes incidental or implied powers. which was framed for the purpose of quieting the excessive jealousies which had been excited. and the people thereof shall have sufficiently returned to their obedience to the constitution and the laws of the United States. Resolved.ment of a state government subject to. we must never forget that it is a constitution we are expounding. to name a sufficient number of deputies. And be it further enacted. nor prohibited to the States. to regulate commerce. invite the loyal people of the state to elect delegates to a convention charged to declare the will of the people of the state relative to the reestablish. and will probably continue to arise. as long as our system shall exist. That this idea was entertained by the framers of the American constitution. is not only to be inferred from the nature of the instrument. whether the particular power which may become the subject of contest has been delegated to the one government. is perpetually arising. to borrow money. as speedily as may be. among the enumerated powers of government. that the right of suffrage in the first branch of the national Legislature ought not to be according to the rule established in the articles of confederation: but according to some equitable ratio of representation — namely. In considering this question. therefore. would partake of the prolixity of a legal code." and declares only that the powers "not delegated to the United States. to depend on a fair construction of the whole instrument.