12/21/2017 Apabhraṃśa - WikipediaApabhraṃśa Apabhraṃśa (Sanskrit: अप ंश, IPA: [əpəbʱrəm'ʃə], Prakrit: Avahansa) is a term used by vyākaraṇin (grammarians) since Patañjali to refer to the dialects prevalent in the Ganges (east and west) before the rise of the modern languages. In Indology, it is used as an umbrella term for the dialects forming the transition[1] between the late Middle and the early Modern Indo-Aryan languages, spanning the period between the 6th and 13th centuries CE. However, these dialects are conventionally included in the Middle Indo-Aryan period.[2]:p.42 Apabhraṃśa in Sanskrit literally means "corrupt" or "non- grammatical language", that which deviates from the norm of Sanskrit grammar. Apabhraṃśa literature is a valuable source for the history of North India for the period spanning the 12th to 16th centuries.[3] Contents Overview Writers & Poets See also Notes References External links Overview https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apabhra%E1%B9%83%C5%9Ba 1/4 wikipedia. Modern North Indian languages are often considered to have begun to develop a distinct identity around the 11th century . is also used as a cover term for the vernaculars of North India that were spoken perhaps as late as the 4th to 8th centuries. Pushpadanta of Manyakheta (9th century CE). A significant amount of Apabhraṃśa literature has been found in Jain libraries. The Apabhraṃśas later evolved into Modern Indo-Aryan languages. Middle Indo-Aryan languages gradually transformed into Apabhraṃśa dialects.12/21/2017 Apabhraṃśa . Devasena of Dhar (9th century CE). Muni Ramsimha. which includes Pali. when Bhagavatidasa wrote Migankaleha Chariu. possibly written around Circa 1000 A.and became fully distinct by the end of the 12th century. especially in regions that were still ruled by Hindu kings. continued to write in Apabhraṃśa. Hemachandra of Patan. An early example of the use of Apabhraṃśa is the Vikramorvashiyam of Kālidāsa. These authors include Saraha.org/wiki/Apabhra%E1%B9%83%C5%9Ba 2/4 .D. not strictly chronological. but some scholars use the term for the entire Middle Indo-Aryan period.while Apabhraṃśas were still in use . The boundaries of these periods are somewhat hazy. when Pururavas asks the animals in the forest about his beloved who had disappeared.[3] The only known example of an Apabhramsa work by a Muslim is the Sandesh Rasak of Abdur Rahman of Multan. many poets. and Raighu of Gwalior (15th century CE). which were used until about the 13th century.Wikipedia The term Prakrit. Tilopa and Kanha of Kamarupa. While Amir Khusrow and Kabir were writing in a language quite similar to modern Hindi. Writers & Poets Below is the list of some of the eminent Writers & poets of Apabhraṃśa literature: Mahakavi Swyambhudev (8th century CE) Ritthanemichariu Pauma-Chariu[4] https://en. Dhanapal. Compositions in Apabhramsha continued until Vikram Samvat 1700. Shapiro. 4. Apabhramsha Bhasha Sahitya Ki Shodh Pravritiyan. 3. The Indo-Aryan Languages (https://books. New Delhi: Bhartiya Jnanpith.jnanpith. Michael C. Routledge. Flood. ISBN 9780691125947. in Cardona.com/books?id=jPR2Olb TbdkC&pg=PA250&dq=indo-aryan&sig=cUNurxJKkTLfKf8uiMd7pWX2RC 0).org/wiki/Apabhra%E1%B9%83%C5%9Ba 3/4 .com/Manuscript. Apabhramsha Sahitya. Shastri.wikipedia. https://en. ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5 2. 388. Objects of Translation: Material Culture and Medieval "Hindu-Muslim" Encounter (https://books. Dhanesh.jaingranths.com/books?id= OLNE_li8C10C&pg=PA155&dq=Multan+sun+temple+destroyed&hl=en&s a=X&ved=0ahUKEwi11peBueTSAhWK7IMKHXo5CWIQ6AEIITAB#v=one page&q=Multan&f=false). Dr Devendra Kumar (1996). Mahavir Jain Vidyalay Suvarna Mahotsav Granth. (2003).[6] See also Hindavi History of Hindustani Notes 1. 2003.google.google. Finbarr Barry (2009).net/book/pauma-chariu-part-i) 5.Multani poet who penned an epic romance in Apabhraṃśa. "Hindi". Pauma-Chariu (Part-I) (http://www.asp?id=91&i=1) 6. Bhartiya Jnanpith Bhartiya Jnanpith. Jain granths (http://www.Wikipedia Mahakavi Pushpadant (10th century) Mahapuran [5] Naykumarchariu Jasaharchariu Hemachandra (12th Century) Abdul Rehman (13th Century) . George. p. Princeton University Press. Devendra Kumar Jain.12/21/2017 Apabhraṃśa . Jain. Inc.com/society/speaksch/d ksastri. past and present. Sirajul. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. 2001. "Apabhrangsha" (http://en. External links Dr.cs. Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed. By using this site. In Islam.Wikipedia References Shapiro.. Michael C.org/wiki/Apabhra%E1%B9%83%C5%9Ba 4/4 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.wikipedia.12/21/2017 Apabhraṃśa . additional terms may apply.org/w/index. Shashwati (2012).php?title=Apabhrangsha).php? title=Apabhraṃśa&oldid=812042155" This page was last edited on 25 November 2017.banglapedia.wikipedia. Jamal.edu/~malaiya/hindii nt. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation.).htm) Hindi: The language of songs (http://www. Retrieved from "https://en. at 16:57.org/inde x. Hindi. and Carl Rubino: New England Publishing Associates. Ahmed A. Facts about the world's languages: An encyclopedia of the world's major languages. Devendra Kumar Shastri (http://www. https://en.jainworld. a non-profit organization. you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Ed.colostate. Jane Garry.html) Halder.