Amol Kondibhau Dhulgand

PROJECT REPORT ONPOST HARVEST MANAGEMENT FOR EXPORT OF POMEGRANATE IN MAHARASHTRA AT MAHARASHTRA STATE AGRICULTURE MARKETING BOARD, PUNE. By Mr. AMOL KONDIBHAU DHULGAND (Regn. No. 09/290) Submitted to MAHATMA PHULE KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, RAHURI, DISTRICT- AHMEDNAGAR (MS) In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (AGRICULTURE) COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, PUNE- 411 005 (2010) POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT FOR EXPORT OF POMEGRANATE IN MAHARASHTRA. A Project Report submitted to the MAHATMA PHULE KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, RAHURI, DISTRICT – AHMEDNAGAR, (MAHARASHTRA) In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (AGRICULTURE) By Mr. Amol Kondibhau Dhulgand (Regd. No. 09/ 290) Approved by Advisory Committee Dr. B. N. Pawar Project Guide Asstt. Professor and Course Coordinator Master of Business Administration (Agri.) College of Agriculture, Pune. Prof. N. K. Kale Asstt. Professor, Agril. Economics, College of Agriculture, Pune. Dr. R. K. Rahane Professor, Master of Business Administration,(Agri) College of Agriculture Pune. Master of Business Administration (Agri.), COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, PUNE- 411 005 (Maharashtra) (2010) CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY This is to certify that the project entitled ‘Post harvest management for export of pomegranate in Maharashtra’ is an original work of the student and is being submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of degree in Master of Business Administration (Agri.) of Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth Rahuri- 413 722, District- Ahmednagar. This report has not been submitted earlier either to this University or any other University/ Institution for the fulfilment of the requirement of a course of study. Mr. A.K. Dhulgand Dr. B. N. Pawar Project Guide, Asstt. Professor and Course Coordinator, Master of Business Administration,(Agri.) College of Agriculture, Pune-5 (09/290) Student Place: Pune Date: / /2010 Place: Pune Date: / /2010 . Dr. 09/290) under my guidance and that no part of the project work has been submitted for any other degree or diploma. B. District–Ahmednagar (Maharashtra). Date: / / 2010 (B. Place: Pune. No.(Agri. Pawar) . Master of Business Administration. Pune-5 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Project entitled ‘‘Post harvest Management for Export of Pomegranate in Maharashtra’ submitted to the Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth. Project Guide.N. Asstt. Rahuri. The assistance and the help rendered during the training period have been duly acknowledged. Professor and Course Coordinator. N.) College of Agriculture. Pawar. The suggestions made by the Evaluation Committee are incorporated in this project draft. in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION(AGRICULTURE) embodies the results of a piece of bonafide work carried out by Mr. Amol Kondibhau Dhulgand (Regn. B. Ulmek Associate Dean. Amol Kondibhau Dhulgand (Regn. Professor of Master of Business Administration (Agri).) . Pune and that no part of the Project has been submitted for any other degree or diploma. Asstt. Place: Pune.Dr. Rahuri.-Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) for award of the degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (AGRICULTURE) embodies the results of a piece of bonafide Project carried out by Mr. B.R.R. Date: / /2010 (B. Dist.’ submitted to the Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth. N. Pune-5 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Project entitled ‘POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT FOR EXPORT OF POMEGRANATE IN MAHARASHTRA. College of Agriculture. Ulmek. 09/290) under the guidance of Dr. Pawar. No. College of Agriculture. Mukund Phale. S. Mr. Pune and Mr. I owe a great deal to Master of Business Administration (Agriculture) for laying the building blocks of logic and pragmatism in my life. Mr. Pune. I would also like to thank. B.Jitendra Jagtap (HDO). [Jalochi. R. I am also thankful to Prof. Kale Asstt. Professor. Mr. Waghmare Asstt. incharge of Pomegranate Eexport Facility Centre. Ajay Kudale. Statistics. N. Profesor Agril. College of Agriculture Pune. N. Karkeli. It is my pleasure to express my deep gratitude towards Dr. Ulmek Associate Dean. N. Rahane. in a way is a reflection of these values. Mr.Sachin Kharmale.Chavan. I am sincerely thanks to the members of Advisory Committee viz. Shendage. Sangle. unending benevolence and constant encouragement during the course of summer project. I feel my immense pleasure in expressing my sincere and profound sense of gratitude to the Maharashtra State Agricultural Marketing Board. Economics and Prof. Pune” I also express my gratitude towards Mr. P. officer) for providing me an opportunity to do a very challenging and satisfying project in such an organization like “Maharashtra State Agricultural Marketing Board. I express my heartfelt thanks to my Project Guide Dr. Pune especially for his inspiring and affectionate guidance. Professor of Agril. N. Asso. Sham Patil. B. B. Mr. . M. General Manager and Mr. Dr. Deputy General Manager. K. G.Shinde. Professor of Agril. Professor and Course Coordinator of Master of Business Administration (Agriculture) Pune. S. Baramati and Indapur] MSAMB. P. College of Agriculture Pune for their valuable suggestions and guidance during the course of project work. College of Agriculture Pune. I sincerely thank to my Project Supervisor Mr. MSAMB. S. N. Mr. Santosh Patil. Patil (Public Relation and Publicity. This report. Economics. Pawar. R. constant encouragement and constructive attention during the course of my project work. Dr.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This acknowledgement is not merely a catalogue of names but an expression of deep sense of gratitude to all those who helped me in undertaking this project work on ‘Post harvest management for export of pomegranate in Maharashtra’.) and Prof. Managing Director. M. Mr. K. for his inspiring and affectionate guidance.Economics. Associate Professor of Agril. for their guidance and support. Pawar Asstt. Master of Business Administration (Agri. where I am today. I would never forget my friends who helped me to realize my own potential. . Place: Pune Date: / / 2010 Amol Kondibhau Dhulgand.Last but not the least. who gave me the knowledge about the creator of the universe and my relation with him and all of my family members whose boundless love. I extend my gratitude to all Pomegranate growers and Pomegranate exporters for being their cooperation during my tenure of the project. sacrifices. expectations of my efforts and emotional support lifted my spirits through their constant encouragement and they are just after the GOD who brought me. patience. constant inspiration. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Importance of pomegranate 1.2 Selection of sample 2. Certificate of Originality Certificate of Industry Certificate of Project Guide Certificate of Associate Dean Acknowledgement EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.3 Profile of exporters 3. METHODOLOGY 2.1 Profile of MSAMB 3.2 Profile of sample growers 3.5 Objectives of study 1.4 Quality parameters required for export of pomegranate Title Certificate of Advisory Committee Page I II III IV V VI VIII-XI 1-11 1 3 5 10 10 10 11 12-13 12 12 12 13 14-48 14 21 27 31 .6 Scope of study 1.TABLE OF CONTENTS Sr.2 Global scenario of pomegranate 1.No.7 Limitation of study 2.3 Collection of data and data requirement 2.1 Selection of study area 2.3 Indian scenario of pomegranate 1.4 Analysis of data 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.4 Importance of study 1. 5 Logistics management adopted by the pomegranate exporters 3.6 Problems faced by farmers during export of pomegranate 3.10 Conclusions 3.7 Facilities provided by MSAMB for pomegranate export 3.11 Suggestions REFERENCES 34 36 38 44 46 47 48 I APPENDIX.8 SWOT Analysis for export of fresh pomegranates 3.9 Findings 3.3.I To IV ii to xiv VITA . 1.8 Distribution of sample farmers Grading based on size and colour Export specifications of different countries Logistics cost for pomegranate export to UK Problems faced by exporters Problems faced by growers for export of pomegranate Pomegranate Export Facility Centre. (Baramati) Dist – Pune 23 28 29 31 35 36 39 13 3.2 3.11 Pomegranate Export Facility Centre.4 3.2 1.3 3.LIST OF TABLES Sr.No. Jalochi.1 Title of the table Nutritional value per 100gm. production and productivity of pomegranate in India Harvest pattern in leading pomegranate growing states.7 3. Agri.9 Quantity of pomegranate exported from Export Facility Centre.4 3.10 3. 40 40 16 3. Export Zones in Maharashtra and implementing agencies Page 3 4 5 9 20 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3.12 Awareness about different export facilities and benefit availed by pomegranate growers 42 . Jalochi. of pomegranate Arils.3 1. 39 14 15 3. Indapur Dist-Pune.1 1. Indapur.6 3. (2005) State-wise area .5 3. 1 2 3 4 5 Table No. Quantity of Pomegranate exported from Export Facility Centre. Pomegranate producing countries in the world. 1. Organization structure of MSAMB Pune Map indicating study area.K Page 6 18 22 23 5 3.4 24 6 7 3.5 3.LIST OF CHART/MAPS Sr.1 3.No.2 3. Education level of sample farmers Distribution of growers according to pomegranate varieties Bahar taken by farmers in study area Knowledge level of sample farmers Value chain in logistics management for export of pomegranate to U.7 30 .6 25 26 8 3.3 Major pomegranate growing area in Maharashtra. 1 2 3 4 Chart/Map Title of the Figure No.1 3. packaging. export to Europe. Master of Business Administration.01.N. MSAMB.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY POST HARVEST MANEGMENT FOR EXPORT OF POMEGRANATE IN MAHARSHTRA. Dhule. it is required to understand the desired post harvest treatments for disease free fruits. No.500 ha with a total production of 6.500 MTs producing about 85 per cent of the total Indian production. know the post harvest management techniques in pomegranate. Satara.) College of Agriculture. Sangli. Ahmednagar. Germany and UAE are the main pomegranate importers of pomegranate from Maharashtra. AMOL KONDIBHAU DHULGAND (Regd. The study concerned to “Post Harvest Management for Export of pomegranate” was very important in order to. Osmanabad and Latur districts. storage. Europe. Importance of study Pomegranate is an important fruit crop of Maharashtra. grading. Nashik. Asstt. Pune is one of the main exports promoting organizations for pomegranate. Pune. Netherlands. Ganesh and Arakata cultivated in Maharashtra are suitable for export purposes. production of Pomegranate is mainly concentrated in the Western Maharashtra region and the Marathwada region. For that. thereby leading in Pomegranate production in the country. etc. Pune. Germany and UAE. irradiation treatment for killing insect and pest.(Agri. Aurangabad. Netherlands. The varieties viz. B. It is cultivated on an area of 93. Professor and Course Coordinator. BY MR. . PAWAR. Within Maharashtra. proper distribution facility for minimisation of losses during post harvest process. 09/290) A candidate for the degree Of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (AGRICULTURE) COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE. Pomegranates are commercially cultivated in Solapur. PUNE-5 2010 Project Guide: Department : Dr. Pune for pomegranate export. To study the various export facilities provided by MSAMB. 3. The secondary data were obtained from the office of Maharashtra State Agricultural Marketing Board. To study the quality parameters for export of pomegranate to different countries. whereas in the Middle East countries. the fruits size of 300 – . 30 pomegranate growers. 2) Shape and size of fruits.10 Findings 1) Maharashtra is the leading state in area. but the productivity of pomegranate in Maharashtra is very less as compared with other states. To study the logistics management adopted by the exporters in export of pomegranate. In all. Pune and APEDA. colours. Netherlands and Germany markets. To study the problems faced by farmers during export of pomegranate. 3. Methodology The research approach used was the purposive survey. Questionnaire was designed as a research instrument to gather the data. production of pomegranate.K. spread over in Baramati and Indapur tahsils of Pune districts. lusters and diseases free fruits are preferred by importers. who have exported their produce during the year 2008-09. The collected data were analysed with the help of simple statistical techniques like percentage and averages. Data were collected by personal interviews.Objectives 1. were selected purposively. Primary data were collected from 30 sample farmers. The Internet sources were also tapped for requisite information. 2. Two types of questionnaires were designed for collecting the data from pomegranate growers and pomegranate exporters. and Man tahsil of Satara district. 3) In U. The results were presented in pie charts. the pomegranate fruits having size 250 -300 gm with red colour fruits of Bhagva and Ganesh varieties (packed in 3 kg. and graphs. boxes) are preferred. 4. 9) The export facilities provided by MSAMB. in the Middle East country. slightly bigger fruits (300 to 450 gm) are preferred. and growers don’t have perfect information about export market price. only subsidy on Global Gap Certificate is availed by selected growers. Arakta and Mrudula. (farmers field to the ports) the major item of the cost was container charges (50%). Unavailability of skilled labours for harvesting and other farm operations. the selected pomegranate growers have not exported their produce directly. per unit productivity is low. 6) The major problems faced by pomegranate growers in export were lack of storage facility. Pune such as subsidy on Global Gap Certificate. Oily spot disease. However. Cold storage and Export Facility Centres at Baramati and Indapur have not availed directly by the selected farmers. 5) Oily spot diseases. Cheating by commission agents (exporter). 5) In logistics value chain. . 2) Bhagva variety of pomegranate is preferred all over the world. 4) In logistics chain from farmer is field to port. 4) Bhagva variety of pomegranate is mostly preferred by all over the word followed by Ganesh.450 gm with red colour fruits of Bhagva and Ganesh varieties (packed in 5 kg.11 Conclusions 1) Maharashtra ranks top at area and production of pomegranate however. 7) Document required for export of pomegranate [Global gap certificate] is very critical and slow process. 3. 8) Even though the MSAMB. charges of container was the major cost. 3) The selected pomegranate growers have exported through export agencies. boxes) are mostly preferred. lack of storage facility and unavailability of skilled labour for harvesting etc were the major problems reported by farmers. Generally 250 to 330 gm sized pomegranate fruits are preferred in European markets whereas. Pune have evaluated the Export Facility Centres in the study area. 2) To capture the international market. international market price. 4) The MSAMB. subsidy on Global Gap Certificate etc. Mr. Pune. Amol Kondibhau Dhulgand Pages: 47 .12 Suggestions 1) The efforts be made by agricultural scientists of University and NRC pomegranate for developing the improved agricultural techniques for increasing the productivity of pomegranate. The logistics chain in export of pomegranate should be grower friendly. the production of Bhagva variety be increased by putting more area under this variety.6) Cold storage facility. cost of export etc. However farmers are not taking benefits of these facilities to the extends. export facility centres. are provided in study area by MSAMB. 3. The policy be recasted in favours of small and marginal fruit growers. Pune should rectify the procedure of availability facilities so that majority of pomegranate growers can take the benefits. 3) The pomegranate growers should be made awared about export documentation procedure. The promotion facilities such as supply of healthy and pure seedling of Bhagva variety and subsidies as inputs be provided to growers. Sub-tropical. The different countries required different quality of fruits such as colour. INTRODUCTION India is one of the country in the world having three types of climatic situations i. Which have required hot and dry climatic condition for better or economic growth of pomegranate fruit crop. cleaning of dust by cloth. it is found from Kanyakumari to Kashmir. production of pomegranate is mainly concentrated in the Western Maharashtra region and the Marathwada region. Small-scale plantations are also seen in Gujarat. Pomegranate is commercially cultivated in Solapur. Andhra Pradesh. Germany and UK are the major importers for Indian pomegranate. Tamil Nadu.500 MT. Punjab and Haryana. Karnataka. sorting. The residue free and disease free fruits are demanded for export. Nashik. and Temperate climatic condition. Rajasthan. It provides a pomegranate Export Facility Center. In India. and Latur district. In India. USA. Pomegranate is an important fruit crop of Maharashtra. Andra Pradesh. Karnataka. Ahmednagar. In Maharashtra. Sangli. packing. A native to Iran (Persia).01. It is cultivated on an area of 93. Dist-Pune.500 ha with the total production of 6. but is cultivated commercially only in Maharashtra. at the their facility centre. Jalochi. The varieties like Ganesh and Bhagwa cultivated in Maharashtra are suitable for export purpose. There is one of the important benefit for India to grow various Fruits.1 Importance of Pomegranate Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a favourite table fruit in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.e Tropical. Maharashtra is leading state for pomegranate production. some of the states like Maharashtra. The MSAMB. flowers crops in required climatic condition.1. cold storage etc. Amongst these states. shape and weight of pomegranate fruits. Osmanabad. Pomegranate grows well under . size. Netherland. Gujarat. Aurangabad Satara. checking infected fruit. Pune is one of the major export promoting organizations for pomegranate. Dhule. 1. Pune provides all post harvest facilities such as cleaning. Uttar Pradesh. Maharashtra States Agriculture Marketing Board (MSAMB). Pomegranate is one of the major fruit crop in India. grading. Pune. vegetable. it is considered as a crop of the arid and semi-arid regions because it withstands different soil and climatic stresses. Tamil Nadu are the major growing pomegranate states. The range of value added product of pomegranate include pomegranate juice. or alluvial soils. It cannot produce sweet fruits unless the temperature is high for a sufficiently long period. It can also be grown on light soils. The sack also makes an attractive garnish when sprinkled on various dishes. cold or hot sauces as well as to flavor cakes. In Azerbaijan and Armenia. Wild pomegranate seed are some time used as a spice. It can tolerate frost to a considerable extent in dormant stage. pomegranate arils. pomegranate wine. Pomegranate fruit are most often consumed as juice. dried for 10. but is injured at temperature below –11°C. Cracking of fruits hampers their marketability. Alternative uses The fruit can be eaten out of hand by deeply scoring several times vertically and then breaking it apart. The tree requires hot and dry climate during fruit development and ripening. rind powder. sandy-loam to deep loamy. It thrives best under hot dry summer and cold winter provided irrigation facilities are available. Such fruit can be utilized for processing.semi-arid conditions. .15 days and used as an acidic agent for chutney and curry production. The seeds may also be ground in order to avoid seeds becoming stuck in the teeth when eating dishes prepared with them. the prices of fruits are fairly low. During seasonal glut.) The seeds are separated from the flesh. Pomegranate can be grown on a wide range of soils. Quality and colour development in light soils is good but poor in heavy soils. honey. Pomegranate syrup is sold commercially as grenadine. The seed of the wild pomegranate ‘daru’ from the Himalayas is considered the highest quality source of this spice. tooth powder. baked apples etc. pomegranate jelly. The cluster of juice sacs are then lifted out and eaten. It prefers a well-drained. The juice can be used in a variety of ways as a fresh juice to make jellies. Pomegranate is also used to make a high quality wine which is successfully exported to other countries. known as anardana (which literally means pomegranate [anar] seeds [dana] in Persian. Humid climate lowers the quality of fruits and increases incidence of fungal diseases. pomegranate syrup. Orchards can be established up to an altitude of 500m. The juice can also be made into a wine. in leather and drying industry etc. The pomegranate tree is deciduous in areas of low winter temperature and an evergreen or partially deciduous in tropical and subtropical conditions. 2 mg 3 mg 259 mg None to Trace 0.73 g 3-12 mg 8-37 mg 0. scurvy.Medicinal importance of pomegranate fruit All the parts of pomegranate tree. sore throat. weight problem. Much later.6 mg 0.2 Global Scenario of Pomegranate The cultivation of pomegranate was introduced quite early in the Mediterranean and Eastern countries like India.3 mg 4-4. leaves. Pomegranate is used for asthama. But in Spain.180-0. Gradually.05-1.6 g 3. of pomegranate Arils Nutrients Calories Moisture Protein Fat Trace only to Carbohydrates Fiber Ash Calcium Phosphorus Iron Sodium Potassium Carotene Thiamine Riboflavin Niacin Ascorbic Acid Citric Acid Boric Acid (Source: USDA Nutrient database) Quantity 63-78 72.4-5.4-19.6-86. Even in the ancient times ‘Ayurveda’ considered it a light food and a tonic for the heart.4 g 0.003 mg 0. the roots.2 mg 0. liver.1 Nutritional values per 100gm.6 g 0. .005 mg 1. rind and seeds have medicine for thousands of years.9 g 15.03 mg 0. Spanish took this important plant to the new world-Mexico and Florida.012-0. Table: 1.36-0. cough.0 g 0. Pomegranate juice is a excellent treatment for anemia.46-3. it was introduced after the Islamic influence there and it reached England in the thirteenth century.3-1. The rind and bark are used to get rid of helminthes (internal parasite worm) and stomach disorder. kidney. the reddish brown bark. gall bladder diseases. flower. it spread to other countries too and now it is grown almost everywhere in the tropical and subtropical climate of the world. 2. Tunisia. Spain.14 (Source: www. Naderi-e Badrood. 1 2 3 4 5 Country Iran India Spain Turkey USA Area (ha) 63733 (44. Malas-e Yazd. Bejestani-e Gonabad.69MT/ha) to Spain. Khazar-e Bard.69 20 8.19 13.codexalimentarius. However. Robab-e Neyriz. France. Ghojagh-e Qom. producer of pomegranate with an estimated area of 63733 ha. Major varieties grown in Iran are Malas-e Sava. (2005) SN. Turkey.82 7.26) 54755 (38. Table: 1. Morocco. This indicates that Indian pomegranate growers can explore the potential production. Iran is the largest.75) 750000 (45.6) 100000 (6.1) 8500 (5. Naderi-e Badrood. Globally. Italy and Palestine also cultivate this crop.12) 1635000 (100. .00) Productivity (MT/ha) 10. and Ardestani-e Mahalat.72) 143988 (100. Greece. For that.The detailed information regarding area. it is a need to focus the level of adoption of improved agro-techniques. Egypt.87) 60000 (3. China. Cyprus.2 Pomegranate producing countries in the world. under pomegranate with annual production of 670000 tonnes. Khazar-e Bardaskan. India is the next (13. production and productivity of major pomegranate producing countries in the world is depicted in the Table 1. Ferdousran. India’s share in total production is around 4045 per cent. With regards to productivity.66) 75000 (4.02) 3000 (2.9) 14000 (9. Malas-e Yazd. Shisheh-e cape. Besides the other countries including India. About 44 per cent of pomegranate area and 40 per cent of the global pomegranate production is concentrated only in Iran.00) Production (MT) 650000 (39. Afghanistan. Armenia. India ranks first in pomegranate production by registering about 46 per cent of the world pomegranate production. Japan.net) Note – Figures in brackets indicate percentage to the respective totals. 8) 4.19) 807. Gujarat.85) 13. .4) 9.55) 1.9 4 23.5) 0.24) 50.1 (0.4 Area 96.6 (3.2) 0.5 25 9.1 (1.5) 0.4 (0.5) 1.1 15 9.1 (100) 68.24) 3.9 (1.9 (0. production and productivity of pomegranate in India [Area IN 000’ha .63) 129. production and productivity of pomegranate is depicted in Table 1.2 (67.6 (0.5 (10.36) 0.95) 4 (3.8 10.1 Area and Production and Productivity of Pomegranate The major pomegranate producing states in India are Maharashtra.8 per cent to 1.2 (100) 7.69) 56.91) 12.3 (6) 11.e.41) 1.6) 5. Karnataka. Punjab and Haryana.44) 134.5 (0.4 (0.wise area . 75 per cent.1 (15.2 22.5 (15. Andhra Pradesh.7 4.6 (4.4 (1.21) 0.4 (0.5 (0.18) 4. Productivity MT/ha] State Area 93.6 (6.7 Yield 6.42) 44 (5.7 0.6 (0.02) 39.420) 0.8 0.34) 1 (0. Tamilnadu.66) 0.1) 64.9 (0.28) 109.7 (4.87) 10 (1.7 Maharashtra Karnataka Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Tamil Nadu Rajasthan Others India (79. 601.2 (100) 2008-09 Prod.93) 124 (100) 2007-08 Prod.5 (5. 550 (68.2 Area 82 (75.8 10.5 (71. while Spain produces One lakh tonne and exports 75000 tonnes annually i.3.5 2006-07 Prod.5 (0. Uttar Pradesh.3 (13.8 Yield 6.4 1. Iran and India.e.1 5.5 (9.3 Indian Scenario of Pomegranate India produces 5 lakh tonnes (50 %) of globle pomegranate production.3 (4.32) 0.7 (8. 1 per cent. Rajasthan. 1. Thailand ranked 1st in export of pomegranate followed by Spain. The detail information on statewise area. Table:1.6 (0. India’s share in pomegranate export increased from 0.2 per cent during 1990-2005.02) 1.1) 6.85) 117 (100) (source: NHB database 2009) Note – Figures in brackets indicate percentage to the respective totals.3.1) 839.3) 5.9 9 10. Production IN 000’ MT . 596.9 (11.1) 14.07) 884.5 (77.1 (17.14) 138.17) 85.8 10 9. but export only 5000 tonnes i.7 (0.7 (100) 65.3 State.7 Yield 6.1.44) 1.9 (4. It is interesting to note that Tamil Nadu registered the highest productivity i.3. . In the resent past. especially oily spot disease etc. do not allow them to return back.1 Major pomegranate growing area in Maharashtra. the severe attack of oily spot disease resulted in to diversification from pomegranate to other fruit crops. it is observed that area under pomegranate in Maharashtra state is went on declining. resulting into reduction in production. infection of pest and diseases. The Government and Agricultural University have jointly made the efforts to irradiate the oily spot disease. The reasons for decline in area and production of pomegranate may be due to water scarcity.e. Karnataka stands with nearly 11 per cent of area and production of pomegranate in country. 25 MT/ha. However. Map:1. This situation calls attention of agricultural scientists and pomegranate growers in Maharashtra to rectify the present agro-technique of pomegranate production. Since last three years. whereas Maharashtra ranked 5th in pomegranate productivity. set up in the minds of growers. the belief regarding the fear of oily spot disease. Next to this. it is seen that Maharashtra is leading state in area and production contributing nearly 3/4th area and production in the country.From the Table 1. ‘Shendari’. Extensive survey work on pomegranate orchards indicated that the ‘Bhagwa’ variety of pomegranate is high yielding and possesses desirable fruit characters.1. Cheema at Pune. This has soft seeds and pinkish flesh with juice of agreeable taste and bears heavily. ‘Jai Maharashtra’. Considering all these attributes. bold and attractive arils. fruit very large. Satara. pinkish aril with soft seeds. Ahemadnagar. the ‘Bhagwa’ variety is recommended for its cultivation in pomegranate growing regions of Maharashtra. This variety matures in 180-190 days with average yield of 30. It is the commercial cultivar of Maharashtra. Rahuri. very attractive saffron coloured thick skin makes it suitable for distant markets. It is a prolific bearer.2 Varieties grown in Maharashtra a) Bhagwa The ‘Bhagwa’ variety of pomegranate presently under commercial cultivation known by different names viz. .3. Nashik. The average yield ranges from 8-10 kg per tree. ‘Mastani’. glossy. This variety was found less susceptible to fruit spots and thrips as compared to other varieties of pomegranate. b) Ganesh This is a selection from ‘Alandi’ developed by Dr.38 kg fruits/tree. ‘Ashtagandha’. Pune and Dhule districts has been recommended for its cultivation by the Mahatma Phule Agriculture University. Bigger fruit size. Sangli. rind yellowish red. and ‘Red Daina’ in various districts of Maharashtra such as Solapur. sweet. which revolutionized cultivation of pomegranate in Maharashtra state. trees will put on profuse growth along with the formation of flowers and fruits.c) Arakta The ‘Arakta’ variety of pomegranate presently under commercial cultivation various regions of Maharashtra. The manures and fertilizers are applied and light irrigation is given which is followed by two heavy irrigations at 7 days interval before rain sets in within 15 days. root exposure and also use of chemicals. dark red skin. It also possesses glossy. a) Mrig bahar Mrig bahar is taken in Deccan areas.March (Ambe bahar).3 Flowering seasons of pomegranate in Maharashtra A full grown pomegranate has tendency to bear flowers and fruits throughout the year. Hence. It is less susceptible to fruit spots and thrips. plants are given a resting period by which the natural tendency of the tree is altered with artificial means. To obtain higher fruit yield during a particular period.October (Hasth bahar). the ‘Phule Arakta’ variety is released for the cultivation in pomegranate growing areas of Maharashtra.July (Mrig bahar) coinciding with the break of mansoon. It is done by withholding of water for two months in advance of normal flowering. The‘Phule Arakta’ variety of pomegranate is high yielding and possesses desirable fruit characters. Rahuri. bold red arils. It has now been released as ‘Phule Arakta’ for its cultivation by the Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth. For this treatment. In the month of March-April leaves are shed as plants go in dormant stage.3. flowering can be include in June. where water is so scare during the hot weather. Pre-released in the year 1989. watering is withheld from December to April-May results in sufficient suppression of growth. The fruits are bigger in size. February. The fruits ripen in October and continue up to December. attractive. 1. . sweet with soft seeds. By adopting such methods. and September. Table: 1. This is rather uncertain because of the rains that occur during this period. The first irrigation is given in January and the flowers appear within a month of this irrigation. c) Hast bahar Hast bahar is seldom taken. During December-January. the harvesting season of pomegranate is in the months of February to March. . The trees shed their leaves by October-November. STATES Maharashtra Karnataka JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC AndhraPradesh Gujarat (Source: NHB database 2009) Lean Period Peak Period Throughout Year From the Table 1. In Karnataka.4 Harvesting seasons of pomegranate in leading states As discussed earlier pomegranate can be harvested in three bahar.3. Gujarat state is competitor for Maharashtra. The trees have to be made dormant during AugustSeptember. it is during the period of mid April to May. 1. when a shallow hand digging or ploughing is done. but the area and production of pomegranate in Gujarat is only 4 to5 per cent of total production of country. In dry regions of western Maharashtra Ambe bahar has been found to be better treatment than Mrig bahar. it is observed that Maharashtra and Gujarat are only the states wherein pomegranate is harvested throughout the year. The fruits are available during June and July and no irrigation is given after the start of the rainy season.4 Harvest pattern in leading pomegranate growing states.4.4. whereas in the case of Andhra Pradesh. In different states the period of harvesting seasons is varied. manures are applied. The information regarding harvesting seasons of pomegranate is depicted in Table 1.b) Ambe bahar Ambe bahar is taken in the areas where enough water is available during hot weather. An attempt has been made to focus on the aspects of post harvest management and export of pomegranate. 1. The farmers are facing number of problems in production and marketing of pomegranate. 3. Maharashtra government also provides schemes through State Horticulture Board and Agricultural Department to encourage the farmers for cultivating fruit crops. Apart from its demand for fresh fruit and juice. the export procedure and documentations. which is not suitable for other agricultural crop. The pomegranate growers are not fully awared about the post harvest technology. 4. To study the problems faced by farmers during export of pomegranate. climate and soils are suitable for pomegranate cultivation. as much attention is not paid by the agriculture university and the research institutes in developing the location specific techniques as compared to the other fruit crops such as grapes. government provides cent per cent subsidy for planting materials. 2. As mention earlier. However. 1. To study the various export facilities provided by MSAMB. To study the logistics management adopted by the exporters in pomegranate export. hence the project entitled ‘Post harvest management for export of pomegranate in Maharashtra’ was undertaken with the following specific objective. Maharashtra is the leading state in area and production of pomegranate. Pomegranate is a high value crop and its entire tree is of great economic importance.4 Importance of Study Pomegranate is a one of the arid fruit crop. Pomegranates have good demand in European markets. Pune for promotion of pomegranate export. The growers can get maximum returns from pomegranate cultivation. Pomegranate fruit crop required light type of soil. To study the quality parameters for export of pomegranate to different countries.6 Scope of Study The present study was undertaken in order to understand the export of pomegranate to various country with different quality parameters. In Maharashtra. it is sustainable and economically grows in such climatic zone. the processed products like wine and candy are also gaining importance in world trade. The study will provide in detailed . For pomegranate.1.5 Objectives of Study 1. The coordination and sustained efforts are required by all concerned in research and development. Potential areas for pomegranate cultivation will be identified and non-traditional areas will be explored for its cultivation. the exporters failed to give sufficient time for discussion because of their business hurry. The result of the study will focus on the need based research programmes to develop sustainable technologies by making the best use of the opportunities to meet the increasing demands and challenges. The results obtained from the present study are applicable only in similar situations. 1. The survey method was followed for collection of data from pomegranate farmers and exporters. All these factors may lead to deviate the concrete conclusions. On the other hand.information about different post harvest management techniques followed in pomegranate exports. . Farmers and exporters had limitations in getting reliable data as most of the data were based on recall of memories. Some of them were busy with their activities so they were contacted through email and through telephone. Also the clearing agents not gave whole information because of tight schedule. heavy work load in export season.7 Limitations of Study There are some limitations in the study. So also the results are based on limited sample size. The study will guide to achieve the targets. This is because very few of the farmers maintain their records at the farm and some of them shown laziness during the survey. Man tahsil from Satara district was also purposively selected because the farmers take the benefit of Export Facility Centre at Indapur developed by MSAMB Pune.Pune in desimination of post harvest techniques and export promotion.3 Collection of Data and Data Requirement Present study utilised both primary as well as secondary data from published as well as unpublished sources. 2. the project demanded for the detailed study of post harvest management and export of pomegranate from Maharashtra. compilation and various type of analysis on scientific lines. Baramati and Indadpur. 2.1 Selection of study area As the industrial training attachment was titled with MSAMB. Pune. The details of data collected are provided in following sections. 2. Primary data a) Questionnaire method Before initiating this study. The methodology adopted for present study is given below. It was the intention to know the role of MSAMB. Since. For collection of primary data from pomegranate growers. The list of selected pomegranate grower is enclosed at [Appendix-I]. Baramati and Indapur tahsils of Pune district were selected purposively on the basis of higher area under pomegranate crop in Pune district. separate questionnaire was designed [Appendix-II].2. Further to know the logistics management adopted by the .Indapur and Man tahsils. From Baramati. The study was confined in Pune district only. These questionnaires were discussed with the project guide and Incharge officer of pomegranate Export Facility Centre. In all 30 pomegranate growers who have exported their produce were selected. there was a need of lot of data. I. Pune. an exhaustive list was obtained from the office of MSAMB. the questionnaires were prepared for collecting data from Pomegranate producers and exporters. About exporters who collect the pomegranate from study area were selected purposively.2 Selection of Sample For the selection of sample exporter farmers and registered exporter. METHODOLOGY The success of any project is depends on the methodology which was adopted for systematic data collection. Secondary data The necessary secondary data has also used. The persons having information was interrogated and on the basis of their answers the data was collected. Govt. of India etc. . NHB. Ministry of Agricultural. Guidelines given by APEDA for Export of pomegranates Internet source. The sources of collection of secondary data were managed by way of following texts. pie-chart. Baramati. Jalochi.  The publications published by MSAMB.4 Analysis of Data After collection of data.exporters separate schedule was designed and appended at [Appendix-III]. of Maharashtra. Various tools employed for processing and analysis of data included tabulation. Govt. Such collected data were fed to computer for various analysis purposes. The procedure has also followed by way of oral investigation. 2. b) Observation Method The requisite information was collected personally through observations at MSAMB pomegranate Export Facility Centre. APEDA. The data were pertaining to the year 2008-09. Score Card method was employed to know the extent of knowledge of post harvest management. etc. graphs etc. II. Indapure. percentage. and pomegranate Export Facility Centre. Magazines like Dalimb Vrutt. averages.     MSAMB library. it was analyzed in accordance with the outline laid down for the pre sent investigation. Krushi Panan Mitra. MSAMB has done pioneering work in the field of Agricultural Marketing in the State and achieved success in various areas.1 Profile of MSAMB (Maharashtra State Agriculture Marketing Board). March 1984.3. The Maharashtra State Agricultural Marketing Board (MSAMB). Pune. under section 39A of Maharashtra Agricultural Produce Marketing (Development and Regulation) Act. MSAMB is having an important role in developing and coordinating agricultural marketing system in the State of Maharashtra. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 3. Pune was established on 23rd. . 1963. Some of the remarkable achievements can be enlisted as under    Commercial and trial export Implementation of subsidy scheme for Global GAP certification.  Nodal Agency for implementation of Asian Development Bank and IFAD funded projects in Maharashtra.3. We have experience of export of fruits and vegetable to Europe. Pomegranate.  To maintain and administer the Agricultural Marketing Development Fund. Export can provide better option for the marketing of the agricultural commodities and provides the alternative way of utilization of surplus production. Banana. South East Asian Countries.2 Objectives As per the provision of Maharashtra Agricultural Produce Marketing (Development and Regulation) Act. Erection and successful utilization of Export Facility Centres for various commodities in the state.1 About MSAMB.1. vegetable and processed food products since last twenty five years.  To co-ordinate the functioning of the Market Committees including programmes undertaken by such Market Committees for the development of markets and market areas. Japan. .   Participation in various International Commodity Specific Promotion Programs Successful implementation of Agri. 1963 section 39(J). and Middle East Countries etc. USA.  To undertake State level planning for the development of the agriculture produce markets. the Board shall perform the following functions and shall have power to do such things as may be necessary or expedient for carrying out these functions. Mandarins and Onion etc. 3. Pune MSAMB is a state level organization working in the field of export of various fresh fruits.  Successfully organized Farmers Foreign Study Tour to Israel and Europe.1. Kesar Mango. Export Zones of Alphonso Mango. To carry out such other functions of like nature as may be entrusted to it by the State Government. The Board of Directors takes all policy decisions in respect of this sphere of activity and such other important issues.  To do such other things as may be of general interest relating to marketing of agricultural produce.  To grant subventions or loans to Market Committees for the purposes of this Act on such terms and conditions as it may determine. To give advice to Market Committees in general or any Market Committee in particular with a view to ensuring improvement in the functioning.1.   To carry out any other function specifically entrusted to it by this Act. The Board of Directors of the Maharashtra State Agricultural Marketing Board consists of the following members: . 3.  To supervise and guide the Market Committees in the preparation of plans and estimates of construction programme undertaken by them. exhibitions on subject relating to agricultural marketing and giving training to members and employees of marketing committee.  To make necessary arrangements for propaganda and publicity on matters relating to marketing of agricultural produce. workshops.  To arrange or organise seminars.3 Board of Directors MSAMB is committed towards smooth and orderly development of agricultural marketing in the State. one each from the six Revenue Divisions. 8 Members not exceeding six. Minister for Marketing Hon. Minister of State for Marketing Ex-Officio Chairman Ex-Officio Vice-Chairman Commissioner for Co-operation and Registrar of Ex-Officio Member Co-operative Societies 4 5 Commissioner of Agriculture Ex-Officio Member Chairman. Pune 1 2 3 Hon. of India Ex-Officio Member or his representative 7 Representative of National Bank of Agriculture Ex-Officio Member and Rural Development (NABARD) to be nominated by the State Government.Board of directors of MSAMB. Pune 6 Agricultural Marketing Advisor to Govt. 9 Director of Marketing. Pune Ex-Officio Managing Director and Member Secretary . Maharashtra State Market Committee's Ex-Officio Member Co-operative Federation. Maharashtra State. to be nominated by Member the State Government from amongst the Chairman of the Market Committees. Chart: 3.1 Organization structure of MSAMB Pune . Interventions are suggested in the areas of production. For instance modern production practices are introduced for production of exportable quality produce and improved productivity. Under the AEZ all aspects of agriculture such as production. development. Another important area of focus under AEZ is marketing. marketing and research and development areas. In this context. Under AEZ a number of specific activities or interventions. Responsibility for coordination lies with the nodal agency. through APEDA (the Agriculture and Processed Food Export Development Authority). post harvest management and marketing are addressed in a focused manner for successful implementation. under Horticulture over the past 10 years.4 Agri. research.1. post harvest management. the State of Maharashtra. the Maharashtra State . This will mean substantially greater potential for marketing of horticulture produce from the State with possibility for greater export.3. market promotion and market development for Indian produce. development and extension activities have been recognized under the AEZ and appropriate activities proposed to achieve both short term and long term goals of the Indian export industry. has identified eight potential horticultural crops of commercial importance for AEZ. Export Zone (AEZ). keeping this in mind. The scheme is implemented by the Ministry of Commerce and GoI. the leading State in exports of fresh and processed fruits and vegetables from the country today. the State of Maharashtra has added nearly 10 lakh Ha. The AEZ is expected to give a focus and direction for exports of key agricultural produce with potential from the country. It involves a detailed action plan for the development of specified geographic areas for effecting systematically greater exports of a specific produce. right from farm all the way to market. All this is achieved under AEZ by instituting appropriate interventions at the Government level and producer-exporter level. Creation of AEZ will give required momentum for steady and systematic growth of exports of these produce from the State. Export Zone and MSAMB. There is an emphasis on setting up of appropriate produce-specific post harvest infrastructure and introduce post harvest practices. Production from 50 per cent of this newly added area is expected to start yielding in the next few years. extension. agency responsible for implementation and funding needs have been identified. Pune With the objective of promoting greater exports of fresh and processed agricultural produce from the country the Government of India (GoI) has announced the creation of Agri. The need for market oriented research. New Delhi – the nodal agency for AEZ. Satara. Satara. Nasik. Latur and Ahmednagar. 6. Nasik. Nandurbar. Pune 1. . Osmanabad. Pune.Pomegranate  GoM has announced the creation of an AEZ for Pomegranate covering the Districts of Nashik.5 Agri Export Zone (AEZ) . Onion 16th Jan. 2002 Pune. Pune. Ahmednagar. Hingoli. Ahmednagar. Buldhana. Sangli. Latur.Agricultural Marketing Board. 2002 11th April 2002 Thane.1 Agri. 8. Nasik. the Department of Finance. The nodal agency with support and cooperation from the Department of Horticulture. Jalna. Ahmednagar. Beed. 2003 4. Sangli. Nasik. Nagpur. 3. Maharashtra State Electricity Board (MSEB) and other agency/agencies would implement the AEZ in a time bound and effective manner. Solapur. Sindhudurg Aurangabad. Nasik. Banana Orange 4th July 2005 4th July 2005 NODAL AGENCY-MIDC 7. the Department of Agriculture. Sangli. Wardha. Jalgaon. the Department of Industries. Solapur.  The MSAMB has been named the nodal agency by the GoM. Nanded. Solapur. 2. Alphonso Mangoes Kesar Mangoes 12th Feb. 3. Floriculture Grape and Grape Wine Park 22nd June 2002 7th Jan. Dhule. Osmanabad. Table: 3. Raigad. Ratnagiri. Pune. Latur. Amravati. Satara Jalgaon. Pomegranate 9th June 2003 5. Export Zones in Maharashtra and implementing agencies Sr. AEZ MoU Signed Districts NODAL AGENCY-MSAMB. Pune. Solapur. Parbhani. Sangli.1. Ahmednagar. Requirement of funds under AEZ are proposed to be met from private and co-operative sector with subsidies/grants from Central and State Government and loan availed from bank and financial institutions. 2032 farmers were trained in 34 day training programs. As mention in chapter 2. and Latur districts..  A Detailed Project Report (DPR) submitted by MSAMB has been approved MoU signed between GoM and GoI on 9th June 2003. mechanical Handling System = 1. Dhule. 3. Local APMC and cooperative societies continuously arranging training and demonstration programs in rural area to increase export quality production. The facility will have following different unitsPrecooking=5Mts. In the current year MSAMB has planned to conduct 60 one day training programs for farmers. Nashik. During the year 2005-06. the pomegranate growers from tahsils of Baramati and Indapur have good knowledge about pomegranate cultivation. Man tahsil of Satara district comes under drought prone area which receives an average 250 mm annual .2 Profile of Sample Growers In Maharashtra state. The investors from Private and Co-operative sector are further guided MSAMB with the help of APEDA. Aurangabad. the study area was delineated for the present project work. a) Present Status Maharashtra State Agricultural Marketing Board in coordination with State agricultural department. New Delhi and APMC Baramati has started the work for erection of Pomegranate export facility centre at Baramati Dist. pomegranates are commercially cultivated in Solapur. Osmanabad.Pune. the MSAMB Pune has established Export Facility Centre for the benefits of the farmers. Sangli. Cold storage=60Mts. Pune. The training booklet prepared with the help of experts covering pre and post harvest technology of concerned crop is circulated freely among farmers likewise   During the year 2003-04. In Pune region. b) Investment With reference to infrastructure development advertise in news paper was release on 17th and 19th Sept 2003.5 MT/hr. Hence. it is imparaline to study the profile of study area. Satara. 2458 farmers were trained in 32 day training programs. Ahmednagar. In the both tahsils. . The soil of Man tahsil is light to medium soils. Chart: 3. The profile indicators such as educational status.rainfall. the total sample comprises of 30 pomegranate grower spread over in three tahsils vizs.2 Map indicating study area Indicating selected tahsil of study area. reasons for growing specific varieties and knowledge regarding post harvest techniques etc. area under pomegranate cultivars. Indicating study area districts 3. suitable for pomegranate cultivation.1 Distribution of sample As mentioned earlier. Indapure (Pune) and Man (Satara). The distribution of sample farmers is as under. bahar preferred by farmers.2. is presented briefly in profile of sample growers. Baramati (Pune). It may weaken the link in management.No. Total Sample No.2 Education level of farmers Grduation 30% Primary 20% Secondary 17% Higher secondary 23% Diploma 10% Chart: 3. About 37 per cent of pomegranate growers are educated up to secondary level.2 Distribution of sample farmers Sr.Table: 3. . higher is the rate of adoption of technology. Bijwadi. Sangavi. Many studies have shown that education is the precursor for the ability of analyzing management skills and techniques in the business. Pandhare.3 Education level of sample farmers Education is one of the important factor influencing managerial ability skills and technical knowledge in the farm business. Dudhebabi. Shelgaon. of Farmers 3 2 2 8 1 1 1 3 4 4 1 30 3. Bijwadi. Pangari. Sarafwadi Palasdev.2. Varkute. The higher the education. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Tahsils Baramati (pune) Indapur (Pune) Man (Satara) Name of Villages Malegaon. In study area. iv. Bhagwa variety is cultivated widely. According to the growers. . Fruits are very attractive. Ganesh variety is cultivated by 30 per cent growers. v. the following are important reasons that attracted the growers for cultivation of Bhagwa Variety. Fruits have better keeping quality than other varieties (15-12 days at room temperatures). Bhagwa and Ganesh. other European and gulf countries etc. ‘Saffron’ coloured. most of the farmers grow only two varieties i.2. smooth and glossy peel which is increasing its cosmetics value and market appearance of the fruits. Bhagwa fetches better market price which is 2-3 times higher than that of Ganesh. less possibility of damage due to bruises. i. Fruits are tolerant to thrips and mits which reduce the number of pesticide sprays. Fruits are moderately susceptible to black spots.3. ii.3 Varieties grown by farmers Gaesh 30% Bhagava 70% Chart: 3. which minimise cost of production. vii. viii.4 Distribution of growers according to pomegranate varieties . In that. Fruits are suitable for long distance transport due to thick peel (Less weight loss.e. Holland. Fruits are with attractive seeds having cherry red coloured and bold arils. Increasing demand for export markets particularly in United Kingdom. iii. which are suitable for both table and processing purposes.) vi. 5 Bahar taken by farmers in study area The selected growers used to take ‘Ambe bahar’. There are no fruit drops observed in case of severe water shortage situations. which reduces market value of fruits. 3. Hasta bahar 20% Ambe bahar 80% Chart: 3. Nearly 80 per cent growers preferred ambe bahar.4 Bahar preferred by farmers The period of flowering is called Bahar. suitable climatic condition for production its results reduction in the cost of production. Ganesh. In some regions Ambe bahar is one of the risks bearing bahar. x. It has no incidence of cracking fruits which is observed in other varieties viz. For pomegranate there are three Bahars i. This variety gives high yield (30-40 kg/tree) in case of better management. There is no fruit drop observed in case of server water storage situations.5. xiii.2. xi. xiv. The information regarding Bahar preferred by sample farmers is depicted in chart 3. because the period . Mrig bahar and Hast bahar. G-137 and Mrudula which ranges from 10-15 per cent. xii. it is more remunerative than any other pomegranate cultivar. It is comparatively late for harvesting but due to less expense on plant protection measures and better market prices realised. Ambe bahar was taken by pomegranate growers because of availability of resources. Fruits are free from blackening of arils even in case of latte harvesting of fruits up to 7-5 months.ix.e Ambe bahar. IV. 3. it is seen that only 33 per cent farmers have good knowledge of post harvest management techniques. so climatic condition is hot and dry which is favourable for growth of pomegranate plant. 3.2. Chart: 3.6 Knowledge level of sample farmers 50 45 40 35 Percentage 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Low 1 to 4 23 Medium 5 to 7 44 High 8 to 10 33 No. The level of extend of knowledge is further categorised as low. medium and high.6. The score is depicted in chart 3. of Right answer of Questions Percentage From the score card analysis. Selection of good resistance variety. The Scores have been worked out to know the extent of knowledge of post harvest management techniques.3 Quality Parameter Required for Exports of Pomegranate 3. It affected to the production of pomegranate that directly affects the market condition of pomegranate fruits. selection of land for . resulting into scarcity of fruits in market.1. this period faced the major problem like water scarcity.5 Post-Harvest techniques adopted by growers Information on Post-harvest technique adopted by the selected growers was obtained. The growers were asked 10 questions related to the Post harvest management techniques. It is surprising to note that about one fourth of the sample growers did not fully awared the post harvest management techniques. The results of score cards are appended at Appendix. but in some regions of Maharashtra. Quality for export of pomegranate In order to maintain high quality levels and food safety standards care should be taken at planting stage of Pomegranate.3.of this bahar is January to February. disease spots. • Dark rose pink arils. Earlier. • Fruit weight around 500 Gms. • Smooth cutting at the stem end.pomegranate planting. • Size of the fruit • Shape of the fruit • Colour of the fruit • Sunburn effect • Thrips attack • Mealy bug • Bacterial spot • Sugar content i. avoid the extend use of chemical and fertilizer and carry all operations as per schedule. • Pleasant flavour and aroma • Bracts/calyx without any damage and having freshness. The desirable fruit characters of fresh pomegranate for export purpose are • Dark rose pink colour of the fruit. • Softness of the seeds. Consumer preference is changing from time to time and from country to country. in Europe and other parts of the world. availability of resources. Quality aspects include. • Uniform size and shape of the fruit in a pack or box. Size of the fruit The size of the fruit that is to be procured depends upon the requirements of the importer . Fruits weighing more than 500 Gms with superior qualities have immediate and ready acceptance in the international market. Now. • Free from scars. • Higher sugar content near about 16-17 Brix. Mrudula are the suitable and accepted ones. Soft seeded. coloured varieties with high per cent of juice with easy to remove arils are preferred. Ganesh variety with big sized fruits was the preferred one. • Round and globose shape of the fruit. Company has quality control persons to look after the quality aspects of the fresh fruits. etc. and the fruits were exported to the Gulf countries. scratches. insect injury. varieties such as Bhagwa (Kesar). Shape The fruit should be globosely and round in shape and firm. Different grades in pomegranate are as follows Table 3. without blemish weighing >750 g.located abroad. Sunburn damage can be identified by the black colour on the surface of the fruit . large without blemish and weighing between 500-750 g. Fruit are large. Sugar content The fruit should neither be over ripen nor under ripen. . attractive without blemish and weighing between 400-500 g Fruits are attractive.The fruits affected by the sunburn rot internally. Generally the pomegranate is graded depending upon its size. The sugar content should be above 15 Brix at 20 degrees. If it is above 15. iii. As the temperatures increases the colour of the arils decreases. So the colour of the arils is dark red in the months of November and becomes light as it proceeds towards the hotter months of May and June. King size Queen size Prince 12-A 12-B ii. Fruits weighing <250 g. Fruits having 1-2 spots and weighing between 250-300 g. v. it is considered to be suitable for export. Disease free fruit a. vi. Brix reading is taken by a Refractometer. very large. The juice taken from the arils is put in the Hand refractometer and the reading is taken. Colour Dark rose pink colour of the fruit and dark rose pink arils are preferred. iv. The rind of the fruit loses its smoothness. Fruits are attractive. dark red in colour. blemish free and weighing between 300-400 g.3 Grading based on size and colour Grades Fruit Super size Characteristics Fruits are attractive. Thrips attack: The fruits damaged by thrips shows scraping of the colour on its rind. The testing is done at random in the field. Sunburn effect The fruits are checked for any sunburn damage. they export through middlemen i. the pomegranate fruits having size 250 -300 gm with red colour fruits of Bhagwa and Ganesh varieties (packed in 3 kg.e. Pune) 300-450 gm. Red 200-250 gm. Variety Middle East U. Truck etc. 1 Ganesh. farmer works is stop and exporter start to work. Mrudula Size(gms) and Colour Packing Storage 2 3 (Source – MSAMB. the fruits size of 300 – 450 gm with red colour fruits of Bhagwa and Ganesh varieties (packed in 5 kg. storage in cold storage. Hence after harvesting of pomegranate. . packaging. Post Harvest Techniques The Netherlands /Germany Sr. whereas in the Middle East countries. Farmers collect their harvested pomegranate fruit in farm shed house. In U. Exporter transported to this fruits from farm shed house to pack house of facility centre. Netherlands and Germany markets. 3. Red 200-250 gm. exporters. boxes) are preferred. Deep red 3 kg 5 °C An export specification differs from country to country. boxes) are mostly preferred. Tempo. Red 200-250 gm. Pune district farmer are not direct export their produce. cleaning. exporter use small utility vehicle i. grading.4 Logistics Management Adopted by the Pomegranate Exporters In my study area i. Mealy bug: Bracts/Calyx should not be damaged and should appear fresh.4 Export specifications of different countries. Immediately after harvesting and grading fungicide Captan 50% WP is diluted at 2 gm per litre water and all the fruits are wiped off with a clean and soft white cloth before packing into the cartons to prevent the fruits from fungal infections.b.e.K.4 gives the country wise and variety wise export specifications for pomegranate.e. 3. Deep red 3 kg 5 °C 250-300 gm.4. Pomegranate fruit after reaching pack house it goes through different process i.No.K. Bhagwa Arakata.2 Export specifications Table 3.e. Deep red 5 kg 5 °C 250-300 gm. Table: 3. Transportation of harvested pomegranate fruit from farm shed house to pack house. 21. Packing.23 6. [Grand Total . Grading.34 TERMINAL HANDILING CHARGES 1.70 0.30 FACILITY CENTER RENT 3 3 LABOURS CHARGES Sorting.20 0.] 20 FEET 40 FEET Capacity FIELD OF FARMER 8500 kg. Weighing. COUNTAINER [Value in Rs. 17500 kg. LABOUR CHARGE (Weighing.71 COST AND FREIGHT CHARGES 0.7 COSTUM CHARGE 0.20 FIELD TO FACILITY CENTER 0. 1 1 FACILITY CENTRE TO PORT 3.05 14.44] .30 0.PORT.7 Value chain in logistics management for export of pomegranate to U.76 0. per kg. Loading) 0. Chart: 3.K.When capacity of container is complete then all stored fruit dispatch from packaging house by using 20ft and 40ft container to Mumbai. From Mumbai to different countries transport of pomegranate by ship container.85 CONTAINER CHARGE 10.36 0. Cleaning. Labelling and Loading.34 UK.5 1. capacity40 ft container.) 3. Transportation for Facility Centre to JNPT port. grading. 17500 kg. cleaning.4. dirt free etc. J.3 3 1 3500 5250 52500 17500 0.2 0.85 6. The size of container is determined as per the quantity to be exported.5 Table 3.44 (Source: MSAMB.1 Export procedure followed by Exporters A) Procedure of pomegranate export 1. the container charges registered the maximum exporters i. free from blemishes. If the pomegranate is exported the small container.71 0. In the value chain of pomegranate export. Custom handling charges Terminal handling charges Container charges C and F charges Grand Total 1700 2550 25500 8500 0.T Port and Destination (UK Port) one the important component of logistics.P.34 0.2 0. loading.34 14. The detail information of total logistics cost and cost required per kg is depicted in following table 3.Generally.23 0.7 21. two varieties viz. weighing. field of farmer.5 0. 253310. sorting.76 10. Total cost Cost per kg. capacity8500 kg.3 3 1 30000 3122 15000 87000 6000 177672 3.5 Logistics cost for pomegranate export to UK. Total cost Cost per kg.e. up to 50 per cent of total expenses. Process container’s 20 container. Ganesh and Bhagwa of pomegranate are reputed to UK. Export Facility Centre. fruits from .N. that for big sized container it is Rs. ft Labour charges for Weighing and loading Transportation for Field to Facility Centre Facility Centre rent Labour charges for unloading. Pune. packing. the logistics value is worked to Rs. Amongst the value chain.36 1. full ripened. labelling.7 0.177672.05 30000 6110 15000 117450 6000 253310 1. Procurement of good quality. whether it is a sales dispatch. Middle Eastern countries and some European countries. quality. The containers filled with the material are being transported to the shipping location and then exported to different parts of the world like United Kingdom. 2. Transportation of procurement produce to package house There are four types forms which are used during procurement process. Weighment sheet As the name describe. For better look of the fruits brushing is done to enhance appearance and luster. Goods received note This is provided by the exporter company after receiving the produce from the farmers or service provider. stock transfer. type of delivery. Terms and condition. It also mentions the detail of the vehicle by which it is being transported to the shipping location. v. 5.the grower. Weighing According to need of export parameters weighing of fruits should be done. if any. Sorting should be done according to weight. ii. Cleaning and brushing After selecting the fruit for export these fruits should be properly cleaned to remove any dirt or unwanted waste. It gives the details about the how much material received and how much rejected and also description of the material. wastage disposal etc. Delivery challan It has the details about the shipping location. 3. These are follows. size etc. Drying These selected fruits should be dried to expel extra moisture on surface to avoid . Sorting After proper harvesting and weighing fruits should be sorted according to the export parameter preferred by the country. quality and quantity requirements of the export agency are all mentioned in this procurement order slip. The overweight and underweight fruits should be marked through domestic channel. Procurement order slip It is given by the export agency to the farmers. 6. colour. iii. 4. it tells about weighment details of the produce. iv.  Fruit count inside the cartoon.fungal diseases. Packing and palletization Entire export material is filled in cartoons with different counts. Grading by weight seizer International grading based on size and colour. 8.  The cold storage where it is being sent.  And a stamp impression. Filler Material For example if the impression shows 005970420. Cartoons counts may be 10. Carton for export  Net weight. Packing of these fruits become easy and attractive. . 12 and 15. 7. This helps in the tracking back the produce of the particular cartoon to know the field from which it was brought. After the packing is done the following details are marked by the company person on the cartoon. 0059 stands for the farmer code given by the company. 7 stands for the year 2007. 04 stand for the month April and last two digits 20 stand for the date. 1 4 5 8 9 12 13 16 17 20 2 3 6 7 10 11 14 15 18 19 Pallet in cold storage 9. Loading in container . This cold storage are used to store the produce. Precooling Layout of container After packing and palletization of fruits this pallets are kept in precooling chamber at 5oC to reduce the respiration rate and to increase shelf life.Pallet A Pallet is made of 200 cartoons packed together in 20 layers of 10 cartoons each. Cold storage For getting better price these fruit are kept in the cold storage at 40C till the market price are favourable to avoid market glute of the commodity. 11. 10. Pallets helps in retaining the structure of cartoons and also protects fruit from getting damage while transportation. where in four exporter have taken benefit of this Export Facility Centre. Table 3. It is then sealed and sent to the shipping location.2 Problems faced by exporters In the present study.6 are the major problem. Export destination According to. 13. .About 20 pallets can be loaded in a big container and 9 pallets in a small container therefore 4000 cartoons are needed to fill a big container. because all these problems faced more than 50 per cent exporters. 3. the containers inside temperature is around 5-6 degree centigrade before loading the pallets into it. 12. It is to be checked that. the demands placed by the importing country.No 1 2 3 4 5 Problems Unavailability of skilled labour for handling and packaging Unavailability of transport facility from farm to export facility centre Farmer do not have Global gap certificate Delay in payment from importer Delay in sample residue checking reports Percentage 75 100 50 100 75 It is observed that. 4000 X 4(net wt on each cartoon) = 16 tonnes (approx). pomegranate Export Facility Centre Jalochi. all problems those have mention in table 3. The pallets are loaded into the container for transportation to shipping point.6 Problems faced by exporters (n=4) Sr. Loading on ship The container containing the pallets of pomegranate which are to be exported to loaded on the ship if sea route is economical. They reported following problems. (Baramati) and pomegranate Export Facility Centre at Indapure were selected for the present study.4. the ships are loaded. Indapur and Man area are in scarcity zone. harvesting is very important but this operation required number of skilled labour. of farmers Sr.00 (Source: Primary data) Unavailability of skilled labour for harvesting and other farm operation In the farm activity. The farmers in Man tahsil. The reaction reported by the sample growers are compiled and presented in Table 3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Problems Unavailability of skilled labour for harvesting and other farm operation Irregular supply of Electricity and scarcity of water Lack of storage facility Delay in sample residue checking Grower don't have perfect information about export market price Cheating by commission agents i. irrigated their fruits garden by ‘Matka’ method of irrigation. Many times due to unavailability of labour. Availability of labour at right time is very important.66 100. electricity load shading. Irregular supply of electricity and scarcity of water Even and regular electric power supply is the requisite input in agriculture. Exporter Don't have perfect knowledge about post harvest technique Delay in payment from exporter Oily spot disease (n=30) 28 23 30 21 26 27 20 25 30 Percentage 93. In my study area. harvesting of fruits prolonged into deterioration of fruit quality.00 70.7 Problems faced by growers for export of pomegranate No.33 100. After maturity of pomegranate fruit at right time. .5 Problems Faced by Farmers During Export of Pomegranate During the project work some open ended questions were asked to pomegranate growers for studying the problems faced by them in pomegranate export. This is the major problem reported by 76 per cent of selected pomegranate growers.7 Table 3.33 76.66 90. One can not irrigate his farm without electric power supply. where water sources are very poor. In village level nearly 14 hr.No. without labour no any operation can be under taken.e. 93 per cent growers have faced this problem.00 86.3.00 66. In the present study.66 83. It is observed that pomegranate growers have lack of information about export market price. growers don’t have efficient infrastructure to store the fruits. About 70 per cent farmers were badly experienced this problem.Lack of storage facility After harvesting of pomegranate. the exporters do not make immediate payment to the growers. Oily spot disease At present. The infection of this disease is spreading day by day which resulting in diversification of farmers to the other field crops. farmers store their fruits on farm under trees. laboratory report required more time and it delays the export consignment. Nearly 87 per cent growers exported that exporter do not express the actual price realised in international market. . Delay in residue checking sample reports When exporters select the orchard of pomegranate for export. due to the oily spot. It may affect adversely the quality of produce. They delayed the payments for more than months. All the selected farmers have opined that due to the oily spot disease. However. however. They firstly check the chemical residue in fruits. Most of the farmers (83%) have experienced this problem. According to pomegranate growers the commission agents cheat them by giving low prices than actual prices in the market. Due to this. It is mandatory as quality parameter. affected the export quantum. Grower don’t have information about export market price Commission agents plays important role in marketing of pomegranate. all the pomegranate growers are facing the problem of oily spot disease. the quality of fruit was deteriorated and thus. the quality of the fruits is deteriorated and resulted in very low price. Delay in payment from exporters After purchasing of pomegranate from growers. All the selected growers have faced this problem. Actually this is a problem on production front. Lack of knowledge regarding post harvest techniques About 66 per cent of pomegranate growers who export their produce have not awared fully about the post harvest technique to be followed for pomegranate. The MSAMB has taken a lead for export of fruits to the different countries. 3. Pune. Banana]. Infrastructure creating for effective export and marketing. and importers. 2005-06 Export of Kesar Manago to Hong Kong. Pune for Pomegranate Export 3.Raver Dist Jalgaon. Basmat. Implemented – 6 AEZs in state [Alphonso Mango.6 Facility provided by MSAMB. Training to farmer to obtaining Global Gap certificate. Dist. Canalizing agency for onion export. Export of Onion to Philippines.6. To impart training to farmer and related personal in post harvest management through NIPHT and HTC Trial export done by MSAMB during last five years.3. Indapure. Onion. 2) Pomegranate Export Facility Centre.6. Mandarins. Various financial assistance and promoting scheme for farmer and other people involved in agricultural marketing. . To train farmers in post-harvest management under AEZ.2 Role of MSAMB. 3) Pomegranate Export Facility Centre. Saved Tal. exporters. Pune in providing post-harvest facilities Infrastructure facility created by MSAMB 1) Pomegranate Export Facility Centre.Basmat. Pune. Export of Pomegranate and Kesar Mango to Hong Kong.Hingoli. Kesar Mango. Dist Pune. Pomegranate. Baramati. Jalochi. 2008-09 Export of Alphonso and Kesar to USA and Japan. Dist. Tal. Export of Mandarin to Holland. Krushi Panan Mitra monthly publication. Dubai etc. the effort made by MSAMB for exports of fruits during last five year are narrated below. 2007-08 Export of Alphonso and Kesar Mangoes to Japan. 2004-05 Export of Banana to USA. 4) Pomegranate Export Facility Centre.1 Activities of MSAMB. Export of Mandarin and Pomegranate to USA 2006-07 Export of Kesar Mango to Japan. Coordination of fruit producers. 3. Jalochi. one is at Jalochi (Baramati) and the other is at Indapur. Ajay Kudale (9422234653) Table. 2. Tal. (Baramati) Dist – Pune Sr. 1. Dist. Pune Tel: 02112-209718 Contact Person: Mr. A/P. (Baramati) Dist – Pune. Baramati. in Pune district.3.Maharashtra State Agricultural Marketing Board. Jalochi.No. Pune) Export Quantity In MT. YEAR 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 (Source. 1.ii) Establishment of Export Facility Centre’s for Pomegranate The MSAMB has establishment Export Facility Centres out of which these are for pomegranate. Pomegranate Export Facility Centre. Facility Pre cooling Cold storage Handling line Capacity 5MT/6 hours pomegranate 25 MT 2 MT/hour (Source.9 Quantity of pomegranate exported from Export Facility Center. Pune) Table: 3.Maharashtra State Agricultural Marketing Board. jalochi. Address and Contact Number MSAMB’s Pomegranate Export Facility Center. Jalochi. 1055 1099 669 .8 Pomegranate Export Facility Centre. Ajay Kudale (9422234653) Table: 3. Pomegranate Export Facility Centre. YEAR 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 (Source.11 Quantity of pomegranate exported from Export Facility Centre.10 Pomegranate Export Facility Centre. Dist. Sr.2. Indapure. Pune) Table: 3. Dist-Pune.Maharashtra State Agricultural Marketing Board.. Pune-413106 Contact Person: Mr. Indapur Akluj Rd. 1 2 Facility Pre cooling Cold storage Capacity 5MT/6 hours Pomegranate 25 MT (Source. Indapur. Shivleela Nagar.Maharashtra State Agricultural Marketing Board. Indapur Dist-Pune. Address and Contact Number: MSAMB’s Fruit and Vegetable Export Facility Center.No. Indapur. Pune) Quantity Export In MT 382 267 400 . Enhance operating efficiency and competitive market appeal. Pattern of assistance Subsidy @ 25 percentage of the total project cost with maximum limit of Rs 2. Thus in turn the producer would get remunerative prices for their produce. iii) Global Gap certificate Global gap is an internationally recognized set of farm standards dedicated to Good Agriculture practices (GAP). So growers do not get remunerative prices due to lack of grading. Through certification. Benefits of Global Gap Demonstrate to clients (retailers.ii) Cold Storage Subsidy Scheme Maharashtra State is the major producer of the pomegranate in the country. Area under pomegranate is increase day by day is estimated that as much as 15-20 per cent pomegranate production is lost on account of lack of adequate post harvest infrastructure. The beneficiary can get subsidy for more than one cold storage. The details schemes are as follows. Keeping this view in mind the MSAMB has launched "Cold Storage Subsidy Scheme" from 1st of August 2004 in the State. product traders.      Inspire consumer confidence. If cold storages are established by Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs) and Co-operative societies functioning in the various regions of the State. In future establishment of cold chain in the State has a prime importance for fetching good prices for Agricultural produce in the International markets. Ensure access to your markets. importers) that your product is produced using good agricultural practices. producers demonstrate their adherence to Global gap standards. proper packaging and in turn there is huge post harvest losses. . Reduce the number of second party inspections to farms as more major retailers accept the scheme. The beneficiary will be eligible for getting subsidy from other financial institutions /agencies. Implement processes for continual improvement. This will not only reduce glut in the market and avoid price fluctuation but it also increase the shelf life and quality of agricultural produce.5 lakhs per project. Out of 30 selected sample farmers about 24 farmers (80%) were aware about Export Facility Centre of MSAMB. No. Pune.Parameter to be covered under Global Gap certificate        7/12 of land holding certificate. Soils testing of particular. No. due to small quantity production of pomegranate fruits.12 Table 3. of farmers (n=30) Awareness Benefited 24 0 Export Facility centre (80.00) 2 30 30 Global Gap Certificate Scheme (100. These are facility provided by MSAMB for export promotion of pomegranate.00) (100. Pune.12 Awareness about different export facilities and benefit availed by pomegranate growers. Pune and detail information about how many growers take benefit of them is provided in Table 3. Records of harvesting of fruits. but it is interesting to note that. The small farmers directly sell their produce to the exporters. This may be because of small quantity of produce.66) (0.00) (0.00) 1 17 0 Cold Storage Subsidy Scheme (56. because Global gap certificate is inevitable required for export of pomegranate. because these scheme is not economically feasible to small and marginal farmers. none of these have took benefit of Export Facility Centre of MSAMB. Only the Global Gap certificate Scheme is known to the every growers and everyone is benefited by this facility. Schedule of using pesticides.00) 3 Note – Figures in brackets indicate percentage to the respective totals. Growers certification code of Agriculture Department. The awareness of pomegranate growers for facilities provided by MSAMB. Testing of water. Sr. Maps of prepared orchard plots from tahsils. About the Cold Storage scheme 56 per cent growers were awared about the scheme but none of them have taken actual benefit. Facilities . Mrudula. Thus. Tamil Nadu. Ruby and Arkta are becoming quite popular among the growers. Better cultivars having dark red colour of fruits as well as of kernels (arils) along with softness of seed have been evolved by MPKV. Indian pomegranates are very nutritive. Gujarat.8 SWOT Analysis for Export of Fresh Pomegranates A) Strengths India is the largest producer of pomegranate. There is additional demand from foreign countries. This can popularised in Gulf countries. producing about 50 per cent of the total world production.3. The agro-techniques for obtaining high yield have already been standardization by MPKV. Rahuri. Europe Canada and Far East countries. i. India is already exporting pomegranate to a number of countries in Middle East and Europe. There is abundant and year round supply of pomegranates from India because of possibility of taking all bahar so India can export through the year. The biggest advantage is that this pomegranate production area is quite close to Mumbai port for exporting to Gulf States and European Union. The productivity of pomegranate in India is low as compared to other advanced country . Pomegranate production is largely concentrated in Maharashtra and Karnataka state contributing more than 90 per cent of production in India. Karnataka. Ports are nearer to above states. The Indian cultivar have the highest sugar and low acids compare to Spanish pomegranate. There is scope to increases additional area under cultivation in Maharashtra. India has already good export network in several countries which needs to be further strengthened. and Andra Pradesh.e. These new cultivar. B) Weaknesses The most important weakness is that India has no locational advantage for export to Europe as compared to Spain and Iran. Rahuri. Spain is the biggest exporter to European Union and to some extent to Gulf countries also thus cornering 60-70 per cent of the total world export. Virtually there are no supplies of pomegranate from Spain during April to July months. Although India can produce pomegranates through out the year but the external fruit colour as well as aril colour fades in the months of the April to September especially in the Ganesh cultivar because of intense heat and high humidity and rainfall which need to be eliminated by better varieties and agro-techniques. Another weak link is the farmer /exporter have no access to update information on export/ import price trends in varies importing countries of the world. but has share of only 5 per cent of the world exports. other competitors are chilli and Peru who supply only limited quantities. Whereas. production of pomegranate in India is at peak in the months of December to march and continues up to April to July months with the help of Hastha and Ambe bahar crops. Above all major weak point is non availability of Post-harvest infrastructure like modern pack houses. reefer vans. India has good varieties with good fruit quality and can supply almost throughout the year and thus can become good player in exports of pomegranate if required steps are taken and infrastructural facilities are provided.like Spain. Lately India has also started diversifying its exports to Italy. During April to July. the Netherlands and Belgium . there are ample post-harvest losses. India can export pomegranate to Europe easily from February to July months. right in the production areas. pre-cooling facilities etc. Although many of the agro-techniques for obtaining high yield of quantity fruits have been standardized. but still much more remains to be done and need to be taken to the farmers. Extensions and dissemination of technology for increasing productivity is the main weak link. C) Opportunities India is the largest producer of pomegranate in the world. when there will be no competition from Spain. Considering time 30 to 45 days for shipping pomegranate to Europe. With the result. Maximum availability of pomegranate from Spain is in September to December months and thus supply from Spain tapers from January onward. in view of above. production of pomegranate. Iran’s main supplies are during October to December and extending up to March.apart from U.K. . and for syrup making. our efforts have to be towards lowering production cost by increasing productivity in order to make our export competitive. but the productivity of pomegranate in Maharashtra is very less as compared with other states. the fruits size of 300 – 450 gm with red colour fruits of Bhagwa and Ganesh varieties (packed in 5 kg.K. Another major opportunity for India is about suitability of Indian pomegranate for fresh consumption as table fruit as well as for consuming fresh juice because of low acids. Gulf countries also. Therefore. salads etc. boxes) are preferred. Therefore. There is large ethnic population both in Europe and Middle East who will be very much interested in this commodity. in view of above. boxes) are mostly preferred. Supplies from Iran also start decreasing from January to onward. D) Threats Major threats to Indian exports are from Spain and Iran especially to European countries as both these countries are able to supply at cheaper price because low freight cost. Indian pomegranate has low acids have an edge over Spanish pomegranate and that is the high acid Spanish pomegranates are largely used for decoration. India export maximum quantity of Gulf counties and Iran is the main competitor to India. 11) Shape and size of fruits.July. in Europe which need to be further expanded.9 Findings 10) Maharashtra is the leading state in area. the pomegranate fruits having size 250 300 gm with red colour fruits of Bhagwa and Ganesh varieties (packed in 3 kg. Thus plus point needs to be exploited by nurturing the market and by organising fruit fairs and publicity. 12) In U. 3. colours. Another major opportunity. Netherlands and Germany markets. lusters and diseases free fruits are preferred by importers. In Europe which need to be further expanded. like Spain. whereas in the Middle East countries. However. Indian export should be accelerated during January and should extend up to June. garnishing ice cream. 3. 11) Oily spot diseases. lack of storage facility and unavailability of skilled labour for harvesting where the major problems reported by farmers. 9) The selected pomegranate growers have exported through export agencies. 15) The major problems faced by pomegranate growers in export were lack of storage of facility. Cheating by commission agents (exporter). Cold storage and Export Facility Centres at Baramati and Indapur have not availed directly by the selected farmer. (farmer field to the ports) the major items of the cost was container charges (50%). 17) Even though the MSAMB. 10) In logistics chain from farmer field to port. Cold storage facility. 8) Bhagwa variety of pomegranate is preferred all over the world. and Grower don’t have perfect information about export market price. export facility centres. Generally 250 to 330 gm sized pomegranate fruits are preferred in European markets whereas in the Middle East country slightly bigger fruits (300 to 450 gm) are preferred. 18) The export facilities provided such as Subsidy on Global Gap Certificate. charges of container was the major cost. Unavailability of skilled labours for harvesting and other farm operations. Pune. 16) Document required for export of pomegranate [Global gap certificate] is very critical and slow process. Oily spot disease. . Arakta and Mrudula. subsidy on Global Gap Certificate etc. are provided in study area by MSAMB.10 Conclusions 7) Maharashtra rank top at area and production of pomegranate however per unit productivity is low. Pune have evaluated the Export Facility Centres in the study area. However farmers are not taking benefits of this facilities to the extends.13) Bhagwa variety of pomegranate is mostly preferred by all over the word followed by Ganesh. the selected pomegranate growers have not exported their produces directly. 14) In logistics value chain. cost of export etc. International market price. 8) The MSAMB. The policy be recasted in favours of small and marginal fruit growers.3.11 Suggestions 5) The efforts be made by agricultural scientist of union and NRC pomegranate for developing the improvement agricultural techniques for increasing the productivity of pomegranate. . The logistics chain in export of pomegranate should be grower friendly. 6) To capture the international market production of Bhagwa variety be increased by putting more area under this variety. The promotion facilities such as supply of healthy and pure seedling of Bhagwa variety then subsidy in inputs be provided to growers. 7) The pomegranate grower should be made awared about export documentation procedure. Pune should rectify the procedure of availability facilities so that majority of pomegranate growers can take the benefits. (2005).A. (1998) ‘Export Management’1998 published by Himalaya Publishing House. New Delhi. India.K. PP: 29 -30. Indian Council of Agriculture Research. India. V. published by Maharashtra state Agricultural Marketing Board. (2007) ‘Project Report on Export Promotion of Pomegranate from India’ published by Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Garg A. Deshmukh K. Mumbai-400004. (2005) ‘Postharvest Physiology and Storage of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits’. published by CABI. Mitra S. India. Pune. (2009) ‘Krishi Panan Mitra’. K.mahaanar.Mumbai-400001.apeda.com . Vol.nhb.com www. 3.com www. Websites www.S. ‘Handbook of Horticulture’.msamb. Dr.com www. published by ICAR. No.REFERENCE Balgopal T. Pandhare. Indapur.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Farmer Name Arun Narayanrao Jadhav. 10 Sep-Feb Jan-Feb 17 18 19 Varkute. Suhas Madhukar Bhongle. Ranjit Ashokrao Taware. Indapur. Mohan Mahadev Kharade. Baramati. Varkute. Varkute. Village Malegaon. Gagar Nivrutti Shende. Swati Bapurao Shende. 10 5 1.5 2. Sangavi. Indapur. Ratan Eknath Hegade. Sunil Vasantrao Pawar. Malegaon. Indapur. Aabasaheb Rajaram Hegade. Bijwadi. Indapur. Indapur. Baramati. Indapur. Area (Acre) 2.5 8 3. Mahadev Pandurang Shende. Baramati. Baramati. Sanjay Shankarrao Sasane. Indapur. Taluka Baramati. Sarafwadi Baramati. Indapur. Malegaon. Baramati. Varkute. Varkute. Varkute. 3 3 4 4 8 Feb-Aug Sep-Feb Feb-Aug Feb-Aug Sep-Feb July-August Jan-Feb July-August July-August Jan-Feb Palasdev. Kiran Gulabchand Bora.Appendix – I Details of selected pomegranate growers Sr. Indapur. Sanjay Yahswant Jagtap.5 5 10 Production season Feb-Aug Feb-Aug Feb-Aug Feb-Aug Feb-Aug Feb-Aug Harvesting Time July-August July-August July-August July-August July-August July-August Sangavi. Pandurang Sopan Shende. Krishna Bhiva Kokare. Dhananjay Narayan Bansode. Indapur. Sadashiv Anadrao Kadam. Pandurang Namdev Shende.5 Feb-Aug Feb-Aug Feb-Aug July-August July-August July-August . 3 2 5 15 Feb-Aug Sep-Feb Feb-Aug Sep-Feb July-August Jan-Feb July-August Jan-Feb Varkute. Indapur. Varkute. Shelgaon. Atmaram Pandurang Shende. Pandhare. 5 2 1. Vittal Yashvant Shinde. Pangari. Maan. Pushpa Govind Bankar. Maan. Shelgaon.5 3. 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Farmer Name Narayan Chillu Kharade. Maan. . Dinkar Jijaba Madane. Bijwadi. Village Shelgaon. Pangari. Kisan Pandurang Jagdale.5 2. Ashok Ratan Shinde. Taluka Indapur. Pangari.Sr. Maan.No. Pangari. Shrirang Yashvant Dangare. Bijwadi. Maan. Bijwadi. Area (Acre) 2.5 2 2. Baburao akoba Nale. Vinod Babasaheb Hegade. Maan. Baburao Anaadrao Jagadale. Prasad Dattatraya Jagtap.5 1. Phaltan. Maan.5 3 3.5 5 Production season Feb-Aug Feb-Aug Feb-Aug Feb-Aug Feb-Aug Feb-Aug Feb-Aug Feb-Aug Feb-Aug Feb-Aug Feb-Aug Harvesting Time July-August July-August July-August July-August July-August July-August July-August July-August July-August July. Bijwadi. Maan. Indapur.August July-August Dudhebabi. 1 2 3 4 5 Variety No.___________________________________________________________ 4) Education___________________________________________________________ 5) Area under pomegranate (variety wise) Sr.APPENDIX. of Tree Total Area 6) Reason for growing this/these varietiesSr.no.II  Questionnaire for Pomegranate Growers (Export) 1) Name of the grower____________________________________________________________ 2) Address____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 3) Contact no.no 1 2 3 4 5 Variety Quality . ___________________ Hot water treatment a) Temperature _____________________________ b) Time of Treatment .______________________ Brushing Drying Grading Packaging a) Box size. Name of the practice Proper handling Washing Cleaning Chemical treatment a) Name of chemical used.7) Which bahar do you take? a) Ambe bahar b) Mrug bahar c) Hast bahar Why? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ _______________ 8) Post harvest practice followed by Grower.__________________________ b) Type of box –i) Corrugated box ii) Wooden box Type of Packaging material used a) Paper b) Any other Yes No Temperature maintained while reaching to pack house __________________ c ._____________________ b) Concentration of Chemical. 9) What are the difficulties in post harvest management? Administrative a) __________________________________________________________ b) __________________________________________________________ c) __________________________________________________________ Technical a) __________________________________________________________ b) __________________________________________________________ c) __________________________________________________________ Financial a) __________________________________________________________ b) __________________________________________________________ Transport a) ___________________________________________________________ b) ___________________________________________________________ c) ___________________________________________________________ Any other (please specify) _________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 10) Do you aware about export facility centre for pomegranate of MSAMB? a) Yes b) No 11) Do you take benefit of these facilities? a) Yes b) No if yes then which? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ . then what are the reasons? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 16) Do you follow any special practices for export quality Production? Yes No -Specify them i) ___________________________________________________________ ii) __________________________________________________________ iii)__________________________________________________________ 17) Do you aware about MSAMB scheme for Global GAP certification? a) Yes b) No If no what are the reasons? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ .12) Experience of exporting pomegranate in years____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 13) To which countries you export? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 14) What are different quarantine practices you followed for exported to above country? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 15) Is your produce is discarded by importing country? a) Yes b) No If yes. No.18) What are the facilities provided by MSAMB for export promotion? Not available Small extent Fully availed Sr. Facilities 1 2 3 4 5 Moderately Reason for not availing or low availing the facilities provided by MSAMB_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ . APPENDIX-III Questionnaire for pomegranate exporter.4) Do you take benefit of these export facility center? a) Yes b) No if yes then which? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 5) How to transport pomegranate after harvesting to pack house? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 6) Time required for reaching these export facility centre after harvestingi) 1hr ii) iii) iv) 3 hr 5 hrs More than 5 hrs 7) Do you follow any special practices for minimize the post harvest losses? Yes No -Specify them i) ___________________________________________________________ ii) __________________________________________________________ iii)__________________________________________________________ . 1) Name of exporter2) Address________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 3) Contact no. 8) Post harvest practice followed Name of the practice Proper harvesting method used Yes No Washing Cleaning Chemical treatment c) Name of chemical used- _____________________ d) Concentration of Chemical- ___________________ Hot water treatment c) Temperature _____________________________ d) Time of Treatment - ______________________ Brushing Drying Grading Packaging c) Box size- __________________________ d) Type of box –i) Corrugated box ii) Wooden box Type of Packaging material used c) Paper d) Any other Temperature maintained while reaching to pack house __________________ c 9) How much quantity was stored in cold storage facility of MSAMB? ____________________________________________________________________________ 10) How long you stored the produces in cold storage? 11) How much quantity was exported by using these facility centres? ____________________________________________________________________________ 12) What is the quality parameters required for export of pomegranate to different countries? ____________________________________________________________________________ 13) How do manage the logistics management for export of pomegranate? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 14) Flow out the Value chain in logistics. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 15) Do you aware about MSAMB scheme for Global GAP certification? a) Yes b) No If no what are the reasons? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ If yes what are benefit? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 16) What different facility provided by MSAMB for Pomegranate export? ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Appendix- IV Farmer knowledge about Post harvest practices. Chemical treatment/Waxing Cleaning by cloth Knowledge level Tempreture of cold storage Farmer Name Harvesting Packaging Type of packaging material Brushing Washing 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Arun Narayanra o Jadhav. Sunil Vasantrao Pawar. Sadashiv Anadrao Kadam. Ranjit Ashokrao Taware. Krishna Bhiva Kokare. Sanjay Yahswant Jagtap. Sanjay Shankarra o Sasane. Pandurang Sopan Shende. Aabasahe b Rajaram Hegade. Suhas Madhukar Bhongle. Kiran Gulabcha nd Bora. Dhananja y Narayan Bansode. Yes Yes No No No No Yes Grading Sr. No. Drying Yes No No 4 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes No Yes 4 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No No 5 Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes No 5 Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No 6 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No 8 Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Ashok Ratan Shinde.13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Pandurang Namdev Shende. Atmaram Pandurang Shende. Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No 7 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes No 5 Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No 7 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No 7 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes No Yes 4 . Dinkar Jijaba Madane. Narayan Chillu Kharade. Pushpa Govind Bankar. Shrirang Yashvant Dangare. Gagar Nivrutti Shende. Swati Bapurao Shende. Vittal Yashvant Shinde. Kisan Pandurang Jagdale. Mahadev Pandurang Shende. Prasad Dattatraya Jagtap. Vinod Babasahe b Hegade. Mohan Mahadev Kharade. Ratan Eknath Hegade. . Baburao akoba Nale.allotted score – 1 for No – 0) .29 30 Baburao Anaadrao Jagadale. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No No 5 (If yes. V. College. State. Passed HSC Examination from Dnyanmata Jr.   Permanent Address : Mr. Ahmednagar securing first class in the year 2004.B. A constituent college of Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth Rahuri. Tal – Sangamner. Dist. Securing first class in the year of 2003.Maharashtra.Sangamner..H. Kondibhau Mhatarba Dhulgand and Mrs.M. 09/290 A candidate for the degree Of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (AGRICULTURE) -. Ahmednagar. No. from S. Tal. Sangamner. Completed B. Satara. Son of Mr.Ahmednagar. Personal: Education:  Passed SSC Examination from M.com . Pune-5 Bio-graphical information Born on 12th July in 1986 at Sangamner. Mobile: 9960687963 E-mail: amoldhulgand@rediffmail. Dist. Department : Master of Business Administration (Agri) College of Agriculture.Sc (Hort) degree with second class in the year 2008.VITA Mr. Dist.C. Amol Kondibhau Dhulgand A/P : Mandve B.Ahmednagar.2010 -- Title of Project OF : POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT FOR EXPORT POMEGRANATE IN MAHARASHTRA. Amol Kondibhau Dhulgand Regd. Pin : 422 605. Phaltan.. Ujwala Kondibhau Dhulgand. Mandve .S.K.K.