AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a.1 AL plus ALC plus PDH radio Instructor : Monthien Satantoranin SIAE Microelettronica South East Asia & Pacific AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 2 Training items 1. AL plus 2. SCT 3. LCT 4. AL Plus Ethernet 5. ALC Plus 6. ALC Plus Ethernet 7. AL Troubleshooting: alarms and loops 8. Propagation: one easy example of hop calculation AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 3 PDH AL plus: hardware and circuitry 1 AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 4 Line Interface Module: Up to 32xE1, 4x10/100 BaseT + 24E1 Main Controller (Service channels, LCT connection, Alarms IN/OUT) Radio Interface Module 1 and 2 (Cable Interface + Power Supply) IDU AL plus AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 5 IDU AL plus 1RU AL Plus 1+1 32xE1 Equipment Controller LIM RIM 1A RIM 2A AL Plus 24E1 +4xEth AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 6 IDU AL plus 2RU AL Plus 1+1 53xE1 AL Plus 2x(1+1) Matrix Stm1 AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 7 ALC Plus ALC Plus Ethernet AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 8 ODU Unprotected ODU 1+1 ODU AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 9 ODU with separated antenna 1+0 pole mounting waveguide flange antenna AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 10 ODU with separated antenna 1+1 wall mounting waveguide flange AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 11 1+1 hot stand-by = F HIGH = F LOW = Stand-by = Active Both radios, working at the same frequency, are active in Rx but only one is active in Tx: 1 antenna – Branching losses are inserted in link budget 2 antennas –Link is in space diversity (and without branching losses) Best performance for d=150l (d=distance between antennas) ODU ODU ODU ODU IDU IDU 1 1 2 2 AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 12 1+1 frequency diversity ODU ODU ODU ODU IDU IDU 1 1 2 2 All radios, working at different frequencies, are active in Rx and Tx 1 antenna – Branching losses are inserted in link budget 2 antennas –Link is in space diversity (and without branching losses) = F1 HIGH = F1 LOW = F2 HIGH = F2 LOW AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 13 Software Keys Following functionalities are enabled through a software key: • Capacity changing • Modulation changing • Way side traffic • OSPF Option • Fade Margin Test Option • Ethernet AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 14 AL plus : main facilities Nodal version PRBS generator ATPC Adaptive modulation Base 5 hierarchy Fade margin AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 15 Available version New pdh AL is available in many versions Configuration can be set via software : Modulation: 4QAM, 16QAM, 32 QAM Capacity: 2, 4, 8,16,32xE1, 5, 10, 21xE1 (1RU) 42xE1, 53xE1 (2RU) 4xLAN+24xE1 Configuration: 1+0, 1+1 h.s.by or eterofreq. IDU is frequency, capacity and modulation independent ODU depends by frequency only AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 16 Modulation User Interfaces Capacity [Mbit/s] 4 QAM 16 QAM 32 QAM - 2xE1/4xE1/16xE1 - 10/100BaseT + NxE1 4 10 16 20 32 42 - 32xE1 - 10/100BaseT + NxE1 64 84 -10/100BaseT + NxE1 -53xE1 100 106 User interfaces AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 17 Equipment structure AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 18 Controller AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 19 LIM Tx direction AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 20 LIM Rx direction FEC * (block code) errors *FEC = Forward Error Corrector Example: Without BER=10 -6 With BER=10 -13 (+2.5 dB) AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 21 RIM 140 MHz AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 22 ODU AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 23 ATPC (Automatic Tx Power Control) 40 dB ATPC range AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 24 Characteristics : examples(1) Tx power (4QAM/16QAM/32QAM) in dBm : 4 GHz +29 / +24 / +22 7 GHz +27 / +22 / +20 15 GHz +25 / +20 / +20 18 GHz +20 / +15 / +15 23 GHz +20 / +15 / +15 Tx/Rx spacing in MHz: 4 GHz 100 7 GHz 154/161/168/196/245 15 GHz 315/322/420/490/728 18 GHz 1010 23 GHz 1008/1200/1232/ Power consumption in W (for frequencies > 15GHz): 1+0 < 32 1+1 < 55 4x(1+0) < 106 AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 25 Characteristics :examples (2) Rx 10 -6 thresholds (4QAM/16QAM) guaranteed, dBm: - in 21x2 4 GHz -81.5 / -77.5 7 GHz -80.5 / -76.5 15 GHz -80 / -76 18 GHz -79.5 / -75.5 23 GHz -79.5 / -75.5 - in 4x2 4 GHz -89 / -85 7 GHz -88 / -84 15 GHz -87.5 / -83.5 18 GHz -87 / -83 23 GHz -87 / -83 Max Rx power - 20 dBm AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 26 Setup with SCT/LCT 1. Set modulation and capacity 2. “Dynamic/adapt. Modulation” disabled 3. “Tx Switch on remote alarm” disabled 4. Set the same Link Id on local and remote 5. Enable the same tributaries on local and remote 6. Select the same RF Channel on local and remote 7. Set Tx power at Max value, Tx power control manual 8. Check antenna aiming on local and on remote AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 27 Setup with SCT/LCT (2) 1. Set Lan IP Ethernet port address and netmask 2. Set the Agent (copy Ethernet port address) 3. Set all the other ports as Unnumbered, press: 4. Do the same on remote side 5. Into Subnetwork configuration wizard add station and local and remote Agents, select Send Set values Store Restart AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 28 IDU AL plus IDU-ODU cable connector : SMA type E1 way side (only for 16E1 and 32E1) Service channels connectors : RJ 45 type Alarms LEDs : IDU ODU REM TEST Processor FAIL alarm LED 75/120 ohm E1 connectors: SCSI type LAN Connectors: RJ 45 type Duplex and Activity on LAN interfaces AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 29 ODU installation (1) REF. AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 30 ODU installation (2) AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 31 ODU installation (3) AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 32 Frequency signals: Tx IF 330 MHz Rx IF 140 MHz Telemetry IDUODU 17.5 MHz Telemetry ODU IDU 5.2 MHz Max length (1/4 inch cable) Maximum distance between IDU-ODU 370 m Required Cable Return Loss: Better than 22 dB from 100 MHz to 400 MHz Interconnection cable AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 33 Switch modes Auto Preferential: operator can select which branch must be operative without alarms. Wait Time = time before coming back to the preferential branch when alarms disappear. In this way the controller doesn’t switch continuously in case of fleeting alarms. Reset = Wait Time is not respected Full auto: both branches have same priority Manual forcing Operator can select which branch must be operative despite alarms AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 34 Tx switch criteria 1. RIM PSU alarm 2. Manual forcing 3. Cable short/ Cable open alarm Modulator failure ODU unit failure alarm VCO failure alarm IF unit alarm ODU PSU alarm Tx power low alarm 4. Rx failure on both remote radios 5. Revertive Tx Highest priority lowest priority AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 35 Rx switch criteria 1. RIM PSU alarm 2. Manual forcing 3. Cable short/open alarm Base band unit failure alarm Demodulator failure ODU unit failure alarm VCO failure alarm IF unit alarm ODU PSU alarm High BER alarm (selectable: BER>10 -3,-4,-5 ) 4. Low BER alarm (selectable: BER >10 -6,-7,-8 ) 5. Early warning alarm (selectable: BER >10 -9,-10,-11,-12 ) 6. RF input low (selectable from -40dBm to -99dBm) 7. CRC pulse 8. Revertive Rx Highest priority lowest priority AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 36 Management LAN into a Station Very easy Cabling of Local Station LAN : Integrated miniswitch on equipment No need of an HUB (difficult to power supply) 2 LAN ports functionally equivalent No need of crossed cables (auto detect) AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 37 EQUIPMENT FEATURE MANAGEMENT AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 38 Configuration upload/download Upload (from equipment) From Tool menu, open the proper Template Select Upload operation and the equipment you want to upload information from Save them in a file (*.cfg) Download (to equipment) From Tool menu, open the proper file (*.cfg) Select Download operation and the equipment you want to download information to Uploaded parameters and *.cfg file are editable using Equipment Configuration Wizard. AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 39 Configuration Template Configuration template: it is relevant to equipment radio parameters as frequency, attenuation, capacity, thresholds,… Address configuration template: it is relevant to management parameters as port IP addresses, routing tables, remote elements tables, OSPF. Both configurations are necessary during first installation or when Controller module is substituted with a spare one: you can use a file to download or set every parameter manually. AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 40 Full backup The whole amount of parameters (equipment parameters, address parameters and remote element table) can be uploaded from equipment, saved in a file (*.bku), downloaded to equipment. These parameters cannot be editated. AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 41 LCT: AL plus 3 AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 42 Configurator AL plus AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 43 LCT: AL plus nodal AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 44 AL plus nodal: Configurator A button to show the other two radios AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 45 Line-up: Radio parameters These parameters can be set locally only… all changes must be performed first on remote …and after on the local equipment Radio parameters to have the traffic working are: 1. RF channel 2. Modulation 3. Capacity 4. Link ID AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 46 Modulation/Capacity Capacities for selected modulation AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 47 Configuration parameters Link ID 0 not used Link ID 0 enable LinkID LOC LinkID REM (always) After Controller unit replacement, the configuration mismatch (Application alarm on) can be solved in the following way: 1) download the old configuration file: old setup is downloaded on the controller 2) push Apply Configuration button: old setup is downloaded on the equipment AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 48 Adaptive modulation During bad propagation periods the system changes modulation to increase system gain keeping constant the transmitted bandwidth and reducing transmitted capacity, increasing system availability (for priviledged traffic) Modulation has been varied and capacity has been reduced Below this P Rx threshold, remote P Tx increases (as ATPC feedback) when in reduced modulation. This offset is the number of dB from P Rx @10 -9 . Default 2dB Tx power increase of 3db if 16QAM. Enable only if permitted by rules in your country. P Tx power increase , amount of additional output power with reduced modulation. Default 5dB ATPC hysteresis in dB for 16QAM recovery. Default 0dB Seconds of stable PRx before recover to 16QAM. Default 10sec Changes can be done only with Adap. Mod disabled Adaptive mod. Enabling AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 49 Adaptive modulation When happens? Request of modulation change from 32/16QAM to 4QAM if, at worst receiver (B): 1. P Tx(AtoB) = P Tx | MAX (ATPC on, and Tx at max value) 2. PRx(B) is lower than ATPC Low Thresholds (Remote needs more power) 3. BER at (B) receiver lower than 10 -9 Recovery of modulation from 4QAM to 16/32QAM if, at both ends: 1. P Tx at 4QAM = MAX possible for 16/32QAM 2. ATPC not requiring remote TX power increase 3. BER no errors in the last seconds (default 10 sec) AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 50 Adaptive modulation If P Tx Max|4QAM =20dBm and P Tx Max|16QAM =15dBm, difference is 5 dB so P Tx boost can be 0÷5dB If ATPC value are not correct Dyn/adaptive modulation is not activated Adap. Mod now active and with reduced Mod Warning : No configuration change must be done with SCT/LCT when Dyn/Adaptive Modulation is activated ! If you need a loop or any other change please first deactivate Dyn./A.M. AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 51 Adaptive modulation: half traffic is preserved 16/32QAM capacity 4QAM capacity - 4x2 @16QAM, 5x2 @16QAM no adaptive mod. - 8x2 @16QAM 4x2 @4QAM - 10x2 @16QAM 5x2 @4QAM - 16x2 @16QAM 8x2 @4QAM - 21x2 @16QAM 10x2 @4QAM - 32x2 @16QAM 16x2 @4QAM - 42x2 @16QAM 21x2 @4QAM - 53x2 @32QAM 21x2 @4QAM Capacity decrease is pointed out by Reduce Capacity Alarm AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 52 What IDU PLUS offers: AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 53 Differences between AL and AL plus Out of standard capacities Nodal configuration Dynamic/Adaptive modulation STM-1 input (see next slides) Two Q3 ports AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 54 General preset: thresholds HBer,LBer, EWL thresholds Rx Power Low thresholds AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 55 General preset: Rx switches 1+1 1+0 In case of Hber, Lber, EWL, first CRC correction In case of no Rx AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 56 General preset: Tx switch If both remote radios don’t receive, on local side Tx switch is performed AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 57 General preset: Miscellaneous AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 58 Radio branch: Frequencies RF channel must be set. Tx frequency is in RED AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 59 ATPC threshold 10-15 dB higher than BER 10-3 threshold Radio branch: ATPC or Manual Ptx setting AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 60 Radio branch: Settings Traffic ok with: Carrier only = Off , Tx Transmitter = On, Rt PSU = On On no modulator (no traffic) Off traffic ok On traffic ok Off Radio receives only On Radio works (48Vdc in the cable) Off Cable can be disconnetted (no 48Vdc) AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 61 PRBS (Pseudo Random Bit Sequence) Alarm on “Checked signal” line Measure results and duration Tributary selection if checked is Signal 2MBit P.R.B.S replaces the traffic on selected channel P.R.B.S. test is pointed out as Manual Operation (subject to timeout) Checked signal selection Measure status Pattern type Sync Los events during test AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 62 Fade Margin Fade margin: Problems for executing the test AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 63 Fade margin AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 64 1) Fade margin : Remote link Remote terminal must be declared as “Remote link” In “equipment 2” we want to perform Fade margin measurement AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 65 2) Fade margin : summary Input data : Expected F.M. (calculated by the customer directly, basing on nominal output power and nominal LBER threshold) External Atten. : all the losses between radio and antenna (excluding Branching) Curr. Step : four step (Tx L1 Rx L1 , Tx L2 Rx L2 , Tx L2 Rx L1 , Tx L1 Rx L2 ) Real F.M. : value based on expected F.M. adjusted with real output power, real LBER threshold (and External Atten.) measured at Final Test Departiment in SIAE and stored in ODU Real F.M.v. : value calculated decreasing Local Output power (1 dB step) until Remote LBER alarm activation. This value should be compared with declared one (Input data) AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 66 AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 67 R S T mode : RSOH AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 68 A1, A2, J0 If A1 and A2 are recognised by aligner and if J0 is the correct one, RSOH bytes are extracted from SOH. In case of: - no input (alarm is LOS) - failed recognition of A1,A2 (alarm is LOF) - J0 not correct (alarm is Path Trace Mismatch) then: 1. MS AIS signal is inserted on MSOH and on Payload 2. Local restart is enabled AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 69 B1, D1, D2, D3, E1, … B1:Byte Interleaved parity: carries link quality info (relevant to G.826) D1, D2, D3: DCC data communication channel for supervision and management (192 Kbit/s); DCC loss is reported by QECC alarm E1 and 3X: bytes for EOW and low speed data channel AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 70 Nodal IDU AL plus High Speed (311 Mbps) Nodal Interconn. (up to 3 IDUs Full cross connection capability) Single IDU: 4x(1+0) 2x(1+1) 1+0/1+1 Mixed configuration Multiple IDUs (up to 3) 12x(1+0) 6x(1+1) 1+0/1+1 Mixed configuration A B C AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 71 16E1 Add/Drop Site A IDU NETWORK APPLICATIONS: STM-1 Line interface – Typical Application 53E1 53E1 Add/Drop Site B STM-1 SDH network Directly from E1 one side to STM1 on the other side without the need of an additional ADM and cabling AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 72 IDU NETWORK APPLICATIONS: STM-1 Line interface and Nodal Interfaces – Typical Application 53E1 16E1 Add/Drop Site A Site B Site C 53E1 SDH network STM-1 Directly from E1 one side to STM1 on the other side without the need of an additional ADM and cabling AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 73 Nodal IDUs example 53E1 53E1 53E1 53E1 53E1 53E1 53E1 53E1 53E1 53E1 53E1 53E1 3xSTM-1 (1+1 MSP) + 48E1 Up to 12 radio direction (53x2 each) Up to 3xSTM-1 interfaces Up to 48E1 physical interfaces For a total of 873E1 crossconnected into the node (unblocking) AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 74 Nodal IDU Node configuration: now the node is made of 3 x 2RU = 3Elems Node A Only D/I Drop Insert & Nodal - - - Terminal Nbus ring protection on E1s AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 75 Syncronization: SETS Synchronization Sources Equipment clock Source priority: • 1Max • 2min • 4min ….. • disabled Selected: available synch. with higher priority. Available: present and not degraded Synch. status White: not forced Blue: forced White: no alarms Red: alarmed (drift and/or LTI) 2MHz output clock AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 76 Syncronization: SETS Enabled selected: sync source used, with shown priority Enabled unselected: sync source disabled , not used AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 77 Nodal IDU VC4 Settings Must be defined in case of configuration change AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 78 Nodal IDU VC12 Settings Must be defined in case of configuration change AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 79 Nodal IDU Cross connection AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 80 Nodal IDU Cross connection 1 AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 81 Nodal IDU Cross connection 2 AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 82 Nodal IDU Cross connection 3 AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 83 Nodal IDU Cross connection 4 AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 84 Nodal IDU Cross connection 5 Nodal configured as RadioA=RadioB= 2x(1+0) AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 85 Tributaries Line loop Internal (radio) loop Line enabled 53E1= 32+21 AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 86 ALCplus WEB LCT ALC plus can be configured using a WEB Browser in three different ways: 1) Starting from SCT 2) From the WEB browser via LAN 3) From WEBLCT console via USB WEBLCT is very similar to standard LCT integrated with SCT Equipment menu In order to have the whole link in one page only, local equipment is declared “managed by SCT”, remote one is declared “remote link” AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 87 ALCplus WEB LCT This is the software to manage a single ALC plus. All the commands are the usuals…with a different style AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 88 Equipment menu: a mix of SCT equipment menu and LCT command list AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 89 WEBLCT Traffic parameters (without RF channel) Link alarms (RF input and quality) Rx switch AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 90 E1 settings Tributary setting: a line can work only if enabled (local and remote side) Line loop Internal loop AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 91 Traffic parameters: Tx power and RF channel RF channel (and freq. in MHz) Manual operation Tx power AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 92 Ethernet port settings 1 Interface parameters AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 93 Ethernet port settings 2 802.1q VLAN parameters 802.1p priority parameters AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 94 AL Ethernet : 16E1 +3xEth AL Plus Ethernet 24E1+ 4xEth ALC Plus Ethernet* : 32E1+3xEth ___________________________________ *ALC plus: Ethernet traffic works with not hierarchical capacity only Ethernet IDUs: available interfaces AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 95 Ethernet switch* MAC Address Table size Emptying algorithm of queues: 8421 WFQ or strictly priority Life of info in MAC Addr. table Packet size Queue assignement depending 802.1p: depending on input priority, the packet is sent to the selected queue of a port (level 2) Queue assignement (level 3) depending on PTOS or DSCP VLAN management Setting of waiting time before Link Loss Forwarding (010 sec.) *only on Ethernet LIM ! (512/1024/2048) (1522/1536) AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 96 Queue selection Depending on priority TOS the queue is selected. View filter PTOS values (64 = 2 6 ) DifferentialServiceCodePoint values 14 = 1 + 4x3 + 1 AF=Assured Forwording (4 classes and 3 values) Precedence Routine Priority Immediate Flash Flash override Critic/ECP Internet Ctrl Network Ctrl Delay Normal Low Throughput Normal High Reliability Normal High AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 97 VLAN map (level 2) Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 RadioPort VLAN 760 doesn’t transit through port 2 760 VLAN 760 exits through port 2 untagged VLAN 760 exits through port 2 with tag 760 VLAN 760 exits through port 2, with the same tag it has at input (unmodified) VLAN tag given to untagged packet AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 98 VLAN management Example of VLAN list: VLAN tag of input packet is not included, see Virtual LAN card in “LAN-x” [x = 1, 2, 3] Not assigned AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 99 LAN settings: Interface Cable: straight or crossed Port status LAN Speed Flow control LLF status LAN status In ALCplus the bitrate of each port can be set AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 100 LAN settings: Virtual LAN Untagged frame in output: Unmodified, Tagged, Untagged Output ports of packets in input at LAN1 Tag added to untagged frame if output is tagged Disable 802.1q: no Tag filter, “LAN per port” rules Fallback: if input is tagged, Virtual LAN map rules will be followed; if input tag is not present in the map or input is untagged, Lan per port rules will be followed Secure: if input is tagged, Virtual LAN map rules will be followed; if input tag is not present in the map or input is untagged, packets will be dropped 1 AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 101 LAN settings: Priority How to manage input priority: -Disable (No check): forcing of default values - 802.1p (level 2) - IpToS (level 3) - First 802.1p then IpToS - First IpToS then 802.1p default Queue and default Priority added to output if input is without priority AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 102 Local LAN1 – Remote LAN1 4 settings: 1) LAN1Internal LOCAL 2) Internal LAN 1 LOCAL 3) Internal LAN1 REMOTE 4) LAN1 Internal REMOTE ANY ENABLED AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 103 Local LAN1 – Remote LAN1 Local LAN2 – Remote LAN2 Local LAN3 – Remote LAN3 SEGREGATED! LAN1, LAN2, LAN3, Internal : Enabled “LAN per Port” : LAN1Internal, LAN2 Internal, LAN3 Internal, InternalLAN1/2/3 Default Vid(local/remote): LAN1=1/6, LAN2=2/7, LAN3=3/8, Internal=4/5 Ingress Filtering Check: FallBack Untagged frame Egress mode: LAN1/2/3=Untagged, Internal Port=Tagged Virtual lan map Local Remote AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 104 Normal operating condition Rx level on both ODU match values given by hop calculation. Rx level accuracy: -40 dBm -75 dBm range ± 3dB -30 dBm -40 dBm range ± 4dB AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 105 Faulty condition: alarm notification A faulty condition is pointed out by IDU front panel LEDs: - FAIL: controller self test failed - IDU: alarms from LIM and/or RIM - ODU: alarms from radio transceiver - REM: any alarm from other end - TEST: manual operation active SCT window: - Log history area (with alarm correlation) - Equipment view current alarms (with alarms grouping) AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 106 Alarms grouping : Current Alarms AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 107 ALARMS There are two directions of alarms: Tx and Rx Tx – This line starts in LIM and arrives to output flange: when a situation of more alarms is occurring, the most significative alarm of them is at the beginning of Tx chain, all the others after are due to this Rx – This line starts in output flange and arrives to LIM: when a situation of more alarms is occurring, the most significative alarm of them is at the beginning of Rx chain, all the others after should be caused by this Most Significant alarm Rx Tx RIM LIM ODU LIM RIM ODU 4 AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 108 Synthesis, Local/Remote group Alarms are divided in groups: the name of the group is the name of the module where alarms come from, or the name of a specific characteristic of these alarms A “Synthesis …” alarm, with the name of relevant group, is the OR of alarms of that group (AL only). If an alarm occurs, also relevant LOCAL synthesis occurs (…while REMOTE synthesis occurs in remote equipment) AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 109 Alarms grouping : COMMON Alarms not related to a specific part of the equipment but relevant to the link. Example: – EOC radio alarm (relevant SCT management) – Link telemetry fail (relevant traffic, ATPC info, man op) If both alarms are ON, the link is interrupted. Investigation must be made on a possible condition of bad propagation, or equipment failure AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 110 AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 111 No link between Local and Remote station. Traffic is cut. Link telemetry is inserted in main radio frame in Bit Insertion circuit inside LIM, and contains commands for the remote station: switch off the radios on remote side in case of local RF loop, Link ID, ATPC info. Telemetry link is a connection between local and remote IDUs. TEST - if this alarm occurs, a double IDU loop (both branches) can be done: if this alarm disappears, local IDU is OK and the problem is after (propagation, local radios, remote equipment). Link telemetry fail AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 112 Communication Radio EOC Data link No link between Local and Remote station or wrong port address configuration. EOC is the channel involved in management communication. If EOC radio link is active: - Traffic is OK - Management is cut (no remote) AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 113 Communication 2Mb EOC Data link No EOC channel is present on selected tributary in selected timeslot : wrong port address configuration or no tributary input (LOS).EOC is the channel involved in management communication. If EOC 2Mb link is active: - Management is cut (no remote) - If relative LOS is active, traffic on that tributary is out AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 114 PRBS Fail When PRBS is working and no signal is received on checked signal, in PRBS window the field Sync Los Alarm is active together with PRBS Fail in Current alarms window Every ON-OFF transition increases the field PRBS Fail Alarm Counter AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 115 Revertive When a branch is declared preferential, the switch on opposite branch gives Revertive alarm. The return to preferential branch, when available again, happens after “Wait Time” period. AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 116 2Mb/s G.704 (Trib.x) Radio Fail/AIS and/or Line Fail/AIS When management messages come via tributary timeslot, further checks are performed on both directions of used tributary AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 117 Tx Fail When on remote side both radios don’t receive, on local side a Tx switch command is performed and Tx fail alarm is enabled. When this alarm is on, check local ODU in stand by This functionality is enabled in LCT – General Preset The alarm remains active until Reset is given AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 118 Link ID Alarm is on if Link ID check is enabled (Link ID 0) and remote Link ID is different from the local one. Traffic is cut but signal is received and measured. Output = AIS This alarm causes: AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 119 Alarms grouping : LIM These alarms come from External fault: tributary LOS LIM failure: -Multiplexer/demultiplexer failure -Modulator/demodulator failure Warning: modulator/demodulator circuitry is spread into LIM and RIM modules. RIM or ODU alarms propagation (seen in LIM as Baseband RX alarm) AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 120 AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 121 Tributary-1 Signal loss Loss Of Signal alarm is active when a situation opposite to that foreseen by configuration is performed on tributary interface: No input or or cable disconnected Tributary connected TRIB. STATUS Tx AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 122 Multiplexer fail The alarm is given during multiplexing of input tributaries by Overflow stuffing memories Overflow is due to bad clock of one tributary (too fast: >+50ppm) or hardware failure In case of Multiplexer Fail the signal forwarded to the radio is N x AIS (from all the N tributaries) Tx AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 123 Branch-x Modulator Fail This alarm is active when at cable interface Tx IF modulated signal (330 MHz) is missing or is under a certain value; this is due to: Modulator faulty Cable IDU-ODU open (that produces high VSWR value) Traffic is cut Tx AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 124 Branch-x ODU-IDU Communication fail This alarm occurs when on carrier used to receive information from ODU, or remote commands from other side, are detected: CRC errors Loss of frame This carrier is separated from carrier used for opposite direction (IDUODU) and from TX or RX carriers AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 125 Branch-x Demodulator Fail Traffic is cut This alarm is active when average deviation of symbol recognition is higher of a certain level. Every problem in constellation gives Demodulator alarm: Problem of digital conversion of received signal from RIM I or Q signal missing High level of interference (bad quality but good Rx level) No Rx IF modulated signal (140 MHz) from ODU (no Rx, ODU faulty, IDU/ODU cable open) Demodulator alarm causes: Rx quality alarms (HBER, LBER, EWL) Rx signal alarms (BaseBand Rx) Rx Branch Rx quality alarm (software settable) AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 126 Branch-x BaseBand Rx This alarm is active when Bit Extraction does not work (in LIM) Demodulator does not work (in LIM) Demodulator does not receive from RIM or ODU BaseBand Rx causes: Demultiplexer Fail Traffic is cut Rx AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 127 Demultiplexer Fail The alarm is given during demultiplexing by: Frame Alignment Word not recognised (LOF - loss of frame) Overflow destuffing memories Overflow memories of hitless Rx switch BaseBand Rx alarm In case of Demultiplexer Fail, output is AIS (from all the tributaries) Rx AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 128 Alarms grouping : NODE AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 129 Node (1 or 2) Signal Loss Alarm NBUS cable, connecting different Nodal IDU of the same node, is missing IF IDU is a “no Nodal” unit, alarm is disabled NBUS cable F03471*, despite RJ45 connector, is not an Ethernet cable *Siae code AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 130 Node (1 or 2) Signal Lof Alarm The FAW, Frame Alignement Word in the signal on NBUS connection, has not been recognized AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 131 Node (1 or 2) MsAIS Alarm The payload in the frames of the signal in NBUS connection does not contain the 126 E1 streams but AIS signal: a LOS or LOF alarm is present in another NBUS connection. (Not active at the moment) AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 132 Node (1 or 2) Check Alarm The Nodal IDUs connected through NBUS cable don’t have the same Identifier. Identifier is not modifieble by the user Correct node setup 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 units node 3 units node AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 133 Alarms grouping : SETS AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 134 BaseBand Sets STM1 (T0) Drift Alarm Drift: clock frequency is out of range AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 135 BaseBand Sets STM1 (T0) LTI Alarm LTI: Loss of Timing Input The input the clock is extracted from, is missing AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 136 BaseBand Sets T4 Fail alarm BaseBand Sets T0 Fail alarm Sync input: no synchronismous source (in input) is available or without problem Sync output: T4 synchronismous generation is not available AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 137 Alarms grouping : SNTP (Not active at the moment) AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 138 Alarms grouping : STM1 AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 139 What to do with a STM1 line side alarm: AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 140 Alarms grouping : RIM These alarms come from External fault: demodulator fail alarm and ODU alarm are generated when ODU becomes faulty RIM failure: PSU alarm with cable open/short alarm or modulator/demodulator alarms are active Warning: modulator/demodulator circuitry is spread into LIM and RIM modules. AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 141 AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 142 Branch-1 Power Supply This alarm is active when the PSU (Power Supply Unit) of one RIM is switched off or is in failure condition If the PSU is off, all the alarms of that RIM are activated: this alarm causes all Rx Branch-1 alarms except those relevant Radio1 (is OFF) Analysis order is: PSU All alarmed from now on AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 143 Branch-1 Cable open/short This alarm is active when the following situations occur: - Cable open alarm no current through cable interface: ODU is not supplied… so situation looks like PSU alarm (Rx alarms) with cable alarm instead PSU alarm - Cable short alarm overcurrent/low voltage through cable interface Caused by high VSWR value of damaged cable Cable open situation If both alarms are active, 48 V source has no enough current AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 144 Alarms grouping : RT These alarms come from External fault: Rx power low alarm is generated because of bad propagation or by remote terminal faulty ODU failure: PSU fail alarm or RF VCO alarm or RF IF alarm is activated AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 145 AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 146 Branch-x IDU-ODU Communication fail This alarm occurs in ODU when on carrier used to receive command from IDU, are detected: CRC errors Loss of frame This carrier is separated from carrier used for opposite direction (ODUIDU) and from TX or RX carriers AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 147 Branch-1 RT Radio Power Supply This alarm is active when the Power Supply section of the radio doesn’t work properly or is in failure condition (voltage in input out of range). Depending voltage value, radio can work. When the under/over voltage is too high, radio is off and other alarms (cable open) cover this. AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 148 Branch 1 RT VCO fail This alarm occurs when VCO in RF unit is not able to lock any frequencies. Every problem in VCO causes alarms in both directions: RF unit is not able to convert IF Tx in RF Tx (Tx Power Low alarm) and RF Rx in IF Rx . In this situation the alarm is active together with Tx Power Low and all Rx alarms because RF channel is not locked. Tx & Rx AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 149 Branch 1 RT If fail This alarm occurs when is not present IF signal inside ODU. There are two different IF signals but one alarm only. IF Tx: the alarm is on with Tx Power Low IF Rx: the alarm is on with all Rx alarms When VCO is faulty, RF unit gives a IF RX signal made up of noise: this is enough to mantain IF fail alarm off. AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 150 Branch 1 RT Tx Power Low This alarm occurs when Tx power is 3 dB under standard output of ODU-RF unit. ATPC or manual attenuation do not affect this alarm that is given by internal failure of the radio. This alarm can be activated by a manual operation also: Tx Transmitter off in Radio Branch - Settings If both Rx Power Low and Tx Power Low are active, RF unit inside ODU is faulty Tx AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 151 Branch 1 RT Rx Power Low This alarm occurs when Rx power is under a defined threshold Threshold value can be set for both branches in range - 40 dBm- 99 dBm in LCT - General preset The alarm Rx Power Low is a branch alarm and it is used to drive Rx switch Rx AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 152 Alarms grouping : UNIT This group generates alarms when one of the units, the equipment consists of, is faulty or does not respond to controller polling: Unit fail Unit is not responding Unit is missing Unit hardware mismatch Unit software mismatch AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 153 AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 154 OTHER ALARMS AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 155 Performance alarms Every performance measure can drive the relevant alarm if threshold is exceeded. Threshold in sec. relevant 15 minutes alarm Threshold in sec. relevant 24 hours alarm Threshold in dB of Rx alarm alarm counter reset 15 minutes alarms severity If 0, alarm is disabled AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 156 Performance monitoring 15 min. alarms 24 hours alarms P RX < -70 dBm R = 15 minutes AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 157 Performance monitoring 15 min. alarms 24 hours alarms Unavailable seconds for 16QAM Practically seconds at 4QAM R = 15 minutes AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 158 Recorder : Prx date time dBm LCT AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 159 Measures “ Performances ” is a group of measures, 15 minutes by 15 minutes, day by day, recorded by the equipment itself and downloaded on the PC. These measures remain active also with SCT (and PC) disconnected. “ Recorder Prx “ is the recording of Rx power on a log file inside the PC: every time a new value is measured a new “record” is written inside the log file with info of when (day, hour, minutes and seconds) and how much (dBm measured). This recording remains active until SCT is connected to the equipment. AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 160 M U X - D E M U X RF E1 LOOP BASEBAND LOOP IDU LOOP RF LOOP LIM RIM 1 ODU 1 AL : available loops datadirection: - towards theequipment that has enabled theloop (baseband, IDU, RF) - selectable for E1loop - only local loops MOD-DEMOD LOOPS M U X - D E M U XRF E1 LOOP BASEBAND LOOP IDU LOOP RF LOOP LIM RIM 1 ODU 1 AL : available loops data direction: - towards the equipment that has enabled the loop (baseband, IDU, RF) - selectable for E1 loop - only local loops MOD- DEMOD Line side Radio side Branch 1 BASEBAND LOOP AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 161 loop: external PRBS E1 loop line side : loop works with line enabled or not E1 loop radio side : loop works with line enabled on local side and on remote side Base Band, IDU, RF loop : loop works if line used is enabled local side and on remote side Line side Radio side AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 162 loop: internal PRBS E1 loop line side : …is before PRBS checking point E1 loop radio side :loop works with line enabled on remote side, indifferent* on local side. Base Band, IDU, RF loop : loop works any status of local* and remote line __________________________ * PRBS enables automatically the local side of used line Alarm OFF: signal is back! AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a. 163 Loop timeout