Air dan larutanSifat fizikal air • • • • • • Cecair tidak berwarna Tidak berbau Tidak mempunyai rasa Takat beku 0⁰C Takat lebur 0⁰C Takat didih 100⁰C . . Teori kinetik jirim Teori kinetik jirim menerangkan tentang daya antara zarah dan pergerakkan zarah di dlm pergerakan zarah di dlm jirim yang berbeza tidak sama. tenaga kinetik meningkat sekiranya suhu meningkat. bergantung kepada suhu dan daya tarikkan antara zarah-zarah. . •Collisions between gas particles take place more frequently than collision particles of liquids. Gases •The particle are widely space and move randomly in all directions at high speed. •They can only vibrate from side to side and spin around their. •The particles are further apart and vibrate but not in fixed positions. . •They move randomly and the collision between these particles take place frequently.The movement of particles in matter Solids Liquids •The particles are held closely together by very strong forces. • Takat didih: Suhu di mana air berubah menjadi stim (gas) • Takat beku: Suhu di mana air berubah menjadi ais • Takat lebur: Suhu di mana ais berubah menjadi air . Perubahan keadaan bagi air . HOW MATTER CAN CHANGE FROM ONE STATE TO ANOTHER STATE? SOLID LIQUID . MATTER CHANGE FROM ONE STATE TO ANOTHER : IF HEAT IS ABSORBED OR RELEASED FROM IT . FREEZING SUBLIMATION SOLID MELTING SUBLIMATION EVAPORATION LIQUID BOILING GAS CONDENSATION RELEASED ENERGY ABSORB ENERGY INTER-CONVERSION OF THE STATE OF MATTER . . • MELTING= The process solid to liquid upon heating • BOILING= The process liquid to gas upon heating • HEATING CURVES – Involves boiling and melting – the process where the energy is absorbed . • Temperature which solid convert to liquid known as melting point. • Temperature increases. • The substances exist in solid and liquid state. • The substances exist in liquid state . CD • The particles gain more kinetic energy and move faster as they absorb heat energy. the structure of solid breaks down and turn to liquid.HEATING CURVE AB • Temperature increase as heat energy is absorbed • The particles gain kinetic energy and vibrate vigorously • The substances exist in solid state BC • Temperature constant • The heat supplied absorbed is use to overcome the forces of attraction that hold the particles in their positions. • Melting occur. VW • The particles move slower as the lose heat energy • Temperature decrease. • The substances exist in solid state . liquid turns to solid • The substances exist in solid and liquid state.COOLING CURVE TU • Temperature decrease as heat energy is released to surroundings • The particles lose kinetic energy and move closer together • The substances exist in liquid state UV • Temperature constant • As heat supplied released to surroundings is balanced by the energy liberated to attract the particles • Freezing occur. • Temperature which liquid convert to solid known as freezing point.