AERODYNAMICSPage 1 of 5 AF10 to AF18 A mobile bench with a wide range of optional modules for experiments in air flow Modular Air Flow Bench and Accessories The optional Multitube Manometer (AF10a) • Air flow bench with variable air flow control and a wide range of optional experiment modules available for a complete course in air flow • Small-scale wind tunnel, ideal for student experiments, lecture theatre demonstrations and project work • Versatile, easy to fit and change experiment modules • Includes a textbook “A First Course in Airflow” by Professor E. Markland • Compact and mobile, with a worktop and shelves • No installation – only single-phase electrical supply needed (and a simple exhaust for waste smoke for the AF17) • • • TecQuipment Ltd, Bonsall Street, Long Eaton, Nottingham NG10 2AN, UK T +44 115 972 2611 • F +44 115 973 1520 • E [email protected] • W www.tecquipment.com An ISO 9001 certified company PE/DB/0411 The main (essential) part of the equipment is the Air Flow Bench (AF10). UK T +44 115 972 2611 • F +44 115 973 1520 • E info@tecquipment. Nottingham NG10 2AN. there is an aerodynamically shaped contraction that provides a smaller opening for other experiments.5 m Electrical supply: Single-phase 230 VAC 50 Hz (other supplies available – specify on order) Extraction or ventilation system: If you use the Flow Visualisation Module (AF17). Alternatively. Standard Features • Supplied with a comprehensive textbook • Two-year warranty • Manufactured in accordance with the latest European Union directives Operating Conditions Operating environment: Laboratory environment Storage temperature range: –25°C to +55°C (when packed for transport) Operating temperature range: +5°C to +40°C Operating relative humidity range: 80% at temperatures < 31°C decreasing linearly to 50% at 40°C Recommended Ancillaries Multitube Manometer (AF10a) – A multitube manometer to measure several pressures at the same time. Compressed carbon dioxide: For the Flow Visualisation Module (AF17). You need this first. For experiments with smoke. Discharge from the experiments is normally downwards. Professor Markland is the former Head of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Cardiff.tecquipment. The air passes down through an outlet in the benchtop and exhausts at the back of the bench. It is useful for most of the experiment modules. Essential Services Floor space needed: 1. so that users need no extra tools to fit most experiments. Description – Airflow Bench AF10 A fan delivers atmospheric air through a flow-control valve to a plenum chamber. Long Eaton. you must connect the air exhaust to a suitable air extractor.com An ISO 9001 certified company . Some of the optional experiment modules fit to the opening in the plenum chamber.com • W www. Bonsall Street. window or ventilation system.5 m x 1. users can fit flexible ducting to the exhaust to direct waste smoke safely away. You must fill its gas bottle with compressed carbon dioxide. fitting them to the Air Flow Bench to do the experiments. experiments and typical results. supplied as standard (and fitted). Strong but easy-to-use toggle fasteners hold the experiment modules to the plenum or the contraction. It includes theory. This is a small-scale wind tunnel with an electric fan and adjustable air flow control. written by Professor Markland.AERODYNAMICS Page 2 of 5 AF10 to AF18 Description – General Modular Air Flow Bench and Accessories Experiments When used with the optional experiment modules: • Demonstration of Bernoulli’s equation (AF11) • Determination of drag force (AF12) • Demonstration of a turbulent jet (of air) (AF13) • Demonstration of boundary layer (AF14) • Flow around a bend (AF15) • Jet attachment (AF16) • Flow visualisation (smoke) (AF17) • Pressure distribution around a symmetrical aerofoil (AF18) Professor E Markland devised this equipment for an introductory course in air flow. You then choose and buy the additional experiment modules (AF11 to AF18) that you need. Supplied with the equipment is the textbook. • • • TecQuipment Ltd. • Comparison of the drag force from pressure distribution and wake traverse with that from the drag balance. The geometry allows students to compare calculations against measurement. using the drag balance. Several diameters may be traversed to check the symmetry of the jet.com • W www. which is arranged so that a diametrical traverse may be made at various sections along the jet axis. The total pressure in the emerging jet may be measured by means of a Pitot tube mounted in a traverse gear. A sensitive. • Determination of drag force by wake traverse. Nottingham NG10 2AN. Experiments include: • Determination of drag force by measurement of the pressure distribution around the cylinder. Experiments include: • Decay of centre-line velocity • Velocity profile at various distances along the jet and the development and spread of the jet. Both laminar and turbulent layers may be formed. It fits to the plenum chamber. The cylinder has a radial pressure tapping. Long Eaton. • in the boundary layer on rough and smooth plates. • Analysis of the velocity profiles. wedge-shaped Pitot tube mounted in a micrometer traverse allows students to measure velocity in the boundary layer. the kinetic energy flux decreases and the momentum flux remains constant along the length. using a Pitot tube to infer the velocity distribution and momentum flux in the wake. to show how the mass flux in the jet increases. • in the boundary layer at various distances from the leading edge of the plate. Fits on the contraction and shows and compares drag force on a cylinder. The significant pressure changes give a convincing demonstration of Bernoulli’s equation. • Comparison of the results for the cylinder with those for the flat plate and aerofoil. Students can move a Pitot-static tube along the axis of the duct to show constant total pressure and the rise and fall of static pressure. Experiments include: • • Confirmation of Bernoulli’s equation How to use a Pitot-static tube Drag Force Apparatus AF12 Boundary Layer Apparatus AF14 A flat plate is in a transparent working section so that a boundary layer forms along it.AERODYNAMICS Page 3 of 5 AF10 to AF18 Bernoulli’s Equation Apparatus AF11 Modular Air Flow Bench and Accessories Round Turbulent Jet Apparatus AF13 A cylindrical tube with an aerodynamically rounded entrance.tecquipment. A transparent duct that fits on the contraction. It has removable liners which give a simple convergentdivergent passage.com An ISO 9001 certified company . UK T +44 115 972 2611 • F +44 115 973 1520 • E info@tecquipment. flat plate and aerofoil. • • • TecQuipment Ltd. Bonsall Street. Students may rotate it within the transparent working section. each of the same projected frontal area. Experiments include measurement of the velocity profile: • in laminar and turbulent boundary layers. and • in the boundary layer on plates subject to an increasing or decreasing pressure gradient in the direction of flow (using the removable duct liners supplied). Long Eaton. A second wall may be introduced at the other side of the jet. We provide a flexible duct for this purpose.com • W www. These tappings connect to an integral manifold. It includes a NACA 0020 symmetrical aerofoil mounted in a duct with transparent sides. as is done in the fluidic switch of the type called a flip-flop. Nottingham NG10 2AN. around an aerofoil and through a sharp-edged slit (orifice). a jet emerging from a slit flows against a wall to which it attaches.AERODYNAMICS Page 4 of 5 AF10 to AF18 Flow Around a Bend AF15 Modular Air Flow Bench and Accessories Flow Visualisation Apparatus AF17 A working section fits to the bench to give flow visualisation facilities. so you must vent the exhaust to the open air. You must fill the bottle before use. A bend fits to the contraction. produced in a generator (supplied). passes into a rake of tubes that produce smoke filaments which flow through the working section.com An ISO 9001 certified company . The angle of incidence of the aerofoil is adjustable and shown by a protractor scale. • Radial pressure distribution and comparison with that predicted assuming free vortex velocity distribution. for connection to a suitable manometer (not included). Bonsall Street. Experiments include: • Pressure distribution along the curved inner and outer walls. Students find the pressure distribution around the aerofoil and calculate the lift force. Pressure tappings are at important places along the wall of the bend. Students connect the tappings to a suitable manometer (for example the optional AF10a) and take readings. Its gas bottle is shipped empty for transport regulations.tecquipment. This apparatus makes lots of smoke. Experiments include: • Demonstration of the Coanda effect • Demonstration of the fluidic ‘flip-flop’ Tapped Aerofoil Module AF18 Investigates the pressure distribution around an aerofoil. Nontoxic smoke. UK T +44 115 972 2611 • F +44 115 973 1520 • E info@tecquipment. Experiments include: • Pressure distribution around an aerofoil • Lift characteristics and stall angle of an aerofoil • • • TecQuipment Ltd. The wall may be swung to deflect the jet through a large angle without jet attachment. In this experiment. The duct fits onto the contraction of the Air Flow Bench. Experiments with the models supplied: • Flow around a cylinder. Jet Attachment Apparatus AF16 The technology of fluidics has evolved from a variety of devices that exploit phenomena of fluid mechanics such as transition from laminar to turbulent flow and jet attachment to a solid wall. Note: The smoke generator uses compressed carbon dioxide. The aerofoil has pressure tappings on its upper and lower surfaces. six on each surface. which may be switched from one side to the other. They show the pattern of flow around obstacles or through restrictions. 10 m3. 45° radial section: 9 tappings.AERODYNAMICS Page 5 of 5 AF10 to AF18 Specifications (AF10) Air flow: 30 m/s in l00 x 50 mm working section (9 m3/min) Nett dimensions and weight: 1000 mm x 800 mm x 2000 mm high and 120 kg Packed dimensions and weight: 2. Bonsall Street. UK T +44 115 972 2611 • F +44 115 973 1520 • E info@tecquipment. reference at inlet: 1 tapping. Specifications (AF13) Packed dimensions and weight: 0.2 m3. 17 kg • • • TecQuipment Ltd.com • W www.08 m3. Nottingham NG10 2AN. AF15.43 m3 and 260 kg Modular Air Flow Bench and Accessories Specifications (AF11/12/14/15/16/18) Packed dimensions and weight: 0. 15 kg Specifications (AF17) Packed dimensions and weight: 0.tecquipment.com An ISO 9001 certified company . AF18: 100 mm x 50 mm transparent duct AF15: Inner wall: 10 tappings Outer wall: 10 tappings. AF12. 10 kg AF11. AF14. Long Eaton.