The Law on Public Officers1st Term, AY 2012-2013 Prof. Antonio P. Jamon, Jr. References: Constitution 1987 Administrative Code De Leon & De Leon Jr., Law on Public Officers and Election, Fifth Edition, 2008 Gonzales, Neptali, A., Administrative Law, Law on Public Officers and Election Law, Third Edition, 1972 Agpalo, Ruben, Administrative Law, Law on Public Officers and Election Law (2005) I. Introduction Concepts and Principles A. Public Office and Public Officers 1. Definitions 2. Purpose & Nature • • • • • Public office as a public trust Constitution, Art XI Public office, not property Public office, not a contract Security of tenure in public office as property for purposes of due process Case: National Land Titles & Deeds Registration Administration v. Civil Service Commission, 221 SCRA 145 3. Elements 4. Creation of Public Office 5. Kinds/Classifications Cases: Maniego v. People, 88 Phil. 494 (1951) Segovia v. Noel, 47 Phil. 543 (1925) Dario v. Mison, 176 SCRA 84 (1989) Mathay v. Court of Appeals, 320 SCRA 703 (1999) 6. De Facto Officers Cases: Malaluan v. COMELEC, 254 SCRA 397 (1996) Torres v. Ribo, 81 Phil. 44 (1948) Tuanda v. Sandiganbayan, 249 SCRA 342 (1995) Menzon v. Petilla, 197 SCRA 251 (1991) II. Commencement of Official Relations A. Eligibility & Qualifications 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Definitions Nature of right to hold public office Power of Congress to prescribe qualifications Restrictions and construction General and particular qualifications • Constitution • Administrative Code • RA 9225 Cases: Frivaldo v. COMELEC, 275 SCRA 727 (1996) Mercado v. Manzano, 307 SCRA 630 (1999) Rodriguez v. COMELEC, 259 SCRA 296 (1996) B. Disqualifications 1. General disqualifications 2. Specific disqualifications Cases: Civil Liberties Union v. Executive Secretary, 194 SCRA 317 (1991) Lecaroz v. Sandiganbayan, 305 SCRA 396 (1999) Flores v. Drilon, 223 SCRA 568 (1993) Abeto v. Garceza, 251 SCRA 539 (1995) Rabe v. Flores, 272 SCRA 415 (1997) Civil Service Commission v. Dacoycoy, 306 SCRA 425 C. Acquisition of right or title to office 1. Appointment Cases: PLM v. IAC, 140 SCRA 22 (1985) Luego v. Civil Service Commission, 143 SCRA 327 (1986) Regis v. Osmeña, 197 SCRA 308 (1991) Gloria v. De Guzman, 249 SCRA 281 (1995) Erasmo v. Home Insurance, 388 SCRA 112 (2002) Padilla v. Civil Service Commission, 403 SCRA 116 (2003) Civil Service Commission v. Dela Cruz, 437 SCRA 403 (2004) Corpuz v. Court of Appeals, 285 SCRA 23 (1998) a. Appointment by the President • Constitution, Art. VII, Sec. 16 Cases: Calderon v. Carale, 208 SCRA 254 (1992) A.M. No. 98-5-01-SC, Nov. 9 1998 In Re. Hon. Mateo Valenzuela, G.R. 79974, Dec. 17, 1987 In Re. Hon. Placido Vallarta, G.R. 79974, Dec. 17, 1987 b. Appointment under Civil Service Qualification Standard • Constitution, Art. IX-B., 2(2) Cases: Chua v. Civil Service Commission, 206 SCRA 65 (1992) Luego v. Civil Service Commission, supra Aquino v. Civil Service Commission, 208 SCRA 240 (1992) Tria v. Sto. Tomas, 199 SCRA 833 (1991) Laurel v. Civil Service Commission, 203 SCRA 195 (1991) Griño v. Civil Service Commission, 194 SCRA 458 (1991) Civil Service Commission v. Salas, 274 SCRA 414 (1997) c. Remedy to Question Title Cases: Torrosa v. Singson 232 SCRA 553 Mendoza v. Allas, 302 SCRA 623 (1999) Romualdez v. Civil Service Commission, 225 SCRA 285 (1993) 2. By Election III. Duties & Responsibilities While in Public Office A. Powers & Duties 1. 2. 3. 4. Source of power and authority Construction of powers and duties Delegation of power Scope of Authority • Constitution, Art. XI Sec.1; Sec.17; Sec. 18 5. Specific Duties • R.A. 6713 and its IRR Case: Rabe v. Flores, 272 SCRA 415 (1997) 6. Norms of Conduct - R.A. 6713 B. Rights and Privileges 1. Right to office • R.A. 6758 (Salary Standardization Act) • COA Government Auditing Rules and Regulations, Sec. 2671 Cases: Baybay Water District v. COA, 374 SCRA 482 (2002) Rodrigo v. Sandiganbayan, 303 SCRA 309 (1999) Tejada v. Domingo, 205 SCRA 138 (1992) Santos v. Court of Appeals, 345 SCRA 553 (2000) 2. 3. 4. 5. Security of tenure System of incentives and rewards Rights under the Civil Service Law & the Rules under the Administrative Code Personnel Actions a. Promotion • Sec. 13, Omnibus Rules Implementing Book V, E.O. 292 Cases: Panis v. Civil Service Commission, 229 SCRA 589 (1994) Divinagracia v. Sto. Tomas, 244 SCRA 595 (1995) Santiago, Jr., v. Civil Service Commission, 178 SCRA 102 (1989) Abila v. Civil Service Commission, 198 SCRA 102 (1991) Medenvilla v. Civil Service Commission, 194 SCRA 278 (1991) Lustero v. IAC, G.R. 74814, July 16, 1991 b. Transfer Cases: People v. Reyes, 247 SCRA 328 (1995) Vinzons-Chato v. Natividad, 224 SCRA 787 (1995) Vinzons-Chato v. Zenorosa, 344 SCRA 18 (2000) c. Detail Case: Republic v. Court of Appeals, 182 SCRA 721 (1990) d. Reassignment Cases: Teotico v. Agda, 197 SCRA 675 (1991) Cariño v. Daoas, 380 SCRA 355 (2002) Pastor v. City of Pasig, 382 SCRA 232 (2002) e. Reinstatement Cases: Cristobal v. Melchor, 78 SCRA 175 (1997) Sabelto v. DECS, 180 SCRA 623 (1989) Monsanto v. Factoran, 170 SCRA 190 (1989) Cavangot v. Civil Service Commission, 233 SCRA 59 (1993) f. Reemployment 6. Right to Self Organization Cases: Tupas v. NHA, 173 SCRA 35 (1989) SSS v. CA, 175 SCRA 686 (1989) Bangalisan v. CA, 276 SCRA 617 (1997) 7. Other rights: Leave of Absence, GSIS Retirement, Absences, Insurance, Employees Compensation - R.A. 6713 Cases: Borromeo v. Civil Service Commission, 199 SCRA 911 (1991) Mancenido v. CA, 330 SCRA 419 (2000) Lopez v. CA, 215 SCRA 512 (1992) Santos v. CA, 345 SCRA 553 (2000) People v. Galoshes, 324 SCRA 689 (2000) Cena v. Civil Service Commission, 211 SCRA 179 (1992) C. Liabilities 1. In general - R.A. 6713 2. Administrative Liability 3. Civil Liability Cases: Cojuanco v. CA, 309 SCRA 602 (1999) Tecson v. Sandiganbayan, 318 SCRA 80 (1999) Ocampo v. Office of the Ombudsman, 322 SCRA 17 (2000) Rodrigo v. Sandiganbayan, 303 SCRA 309 (1999) Lacson v. Executive Secretary, 301 SCRA 298 (1999) 4. Criminal Liability • Civil Code Arts. 27, 32, 34 • Administrative Code Book I, Secs. 38-39 • RPC, Title VII • R.A. 3019 • R.A. 1379 D. Disabilities & Inhibitions 1. Under the constitution 2. Under special laws IV. Termination of Official Relations • R.A. 6713 • R.A. 7160 A. Expiration of Term Cases: Achocoso v. Macaraig, 195 SCRA 235 (1991) Lecaroz v. Sandiganbayan, supra Gloria v. De Guzman, supra B. Retirement C. Death or permanent disability D. Resignation Cases: Ortiz v. COMELEC, 162 SCRA 812 (1988) Estrada v. Arroyo, 353 SCRA 452 (2001) E. Acceptance of incompatible office F. Abandonment of Office Case: Canonizado v. Aguirre, 351 SCRA 359 (2001) G. Prescription of right to office H. Removal Cases: Aquino v. Civil Service Commission, 208 SCRA 240 (1992) Fabella v. Court of Appeals, 282 SCRA 256 (1997) Aguinaldo v. Santos, 212 SCRA 768 (1992) Gloria v. CA, 306 SCRA 287 (1999) Secretary of Education v. CA, 342 SCRA 40 (2000) Hagad v. Gozo-Dadole, 251 SCRA 242 (1995) The Sangguniang Barangay of Barangay Don Mariano Marcos v. Martinez, G.R. 170626, March 3, 2008 I. Impeachment Case: Francisco Jr., v. House of Representatives, G.R. 160261, 415 SCRA 44 (2003) J. Abolition of Office • Absent on Reorganization of Government Case: Canonizado v. COA, 226 SCRA 356 (1993) K. Conviction of crime Case: Garcia v. COA, 226 SCRA 356 (1993) L. Recall Cases: Garcia v. COMELEC, 227 SCRA 100 (1993) Angobung v. COMELEC, 269 SCRA 254 (1997) Disciplinary Cases: Ombudsman v. CA, G.R. 168079 17 July 2007 Marohomsalic v. Cole, G.R. 169918, 27 February 2008 Joson v. Torres, 290 SCRA 279 (1998) Socrates v. Sandiganbayan, 263 SCRA 775 (1996) Layus v. Sandiganbayan, 320 SCRA 233 (1999) Castro v. Gloria, 363 SCRA 417 (2001) Nalupta, Jr., v. Tapec, 220 SCRA 505 (1993) Office of the Court Administrator v. Librado, 260 SCRA 624 (1996) RTC Makati Movement v. Dumlao, 247 SCRA 108 (1995) Santos v. Macaraig, 208 SCRA 74 (1992) Garciano v. OE, 102 SCRA 195 (1981) Election Law II. Suffrage B. C. Constitution, Art. V, Sec. 4; Art. XVII, Sec. 2, 3 & 4; Art. VI, Sec. 32; Art. III, Sec. 16 R.A. 6735 Cases: Lacson v. Posadas, 72 SCRA 168 (1976) Pangutan v. Abubakar, 43 SCRA 1 (1972) Taule v. Santos, 200 SCRA 512 (1991) Romualdez v. RTC, Tacloban, 226 SCRA 406 (1993) Badelles v. Cabili, 27 SCRA 113 (1969) 3. Powers of the Commission of Election • Constitution • Omnibus Election Code • Republic Act No. 8436 (Use of Automated Election System on 1998 Elections & thereafter) Cases: Gallardo v. Tabamo, 218 SCRA 253 (1994) Tan v. COMELEC, 237 SCRA 353 (1994) Montejo v. COMELEC, 242 SCRA 415 (1995) Matsura v. COMELEC, 285 SCRA 443 (1998) Bañaga, Jr. v. COMELEC, 336 SCRA 701 (2000) Aggabao v. COMELEC, 449 SCRA 400 (2005) Poe v. Macapagal-Arroyo, 454 SCRA 142 (2005) Legarda v. De Castro, 454 SCRA 242 (2005) Sarmiento v. COMELEC, 212 SCRA 307 (1992) Alvarez v. COMELEC, 353 SCRA 434 (2001) 7. Political Parties III. Sec. 2 (5), Art. 14-C of 1987 Constitution IV. Sec. 60, Omnibus Election Code V. Republic Act 7941 (Party List System) VI. The Philippine Party-List Experiment: Amending a Tragedy of Flawed Mathematics by Oscar Franklin B. Tan Cases: Veterans Fed. Party v. COMELEC, Oct. 6, 2000 Bagong Bayani v. COMELEC, June 26, 2001 Banat v. COMELEC, April 21, 2009 B. Certification of Candidacy 6. Omnibus Election Code Cases: Gador v. COMELEC, 95 SCRA 431 (1980) Conquilla v. COMELEC, 332 SCRA 861 (2000) Go v. COMELEC, 357 SCRA 739 (2001) De Guzman v. Board of Canvassers, 48 Phil 211 (1925) Villarosa v. COMELEC, 340 SCRA 396 (1999) Sangiangco v. Roño, 137 SCRA 671 (1985) PNOC-EDC v. NLRC, 222 SCRA 831 (1993) Quinto v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 18969, Feb. 22, 2010 •Disqualification C. Omnibus Election Code Cases: Marquez v. COMELEC, 243 SCRA 538 (1995) Caasi v. CA, 197 SCRA 229 (1990) Pamil v. Teleron, 86 SCRA 413 (1978) Fermin v. COMELEC, Dec. 18, 2008 Jurilla v. COMELEC, 232 SCRA 758 (1994) Salcedo v. COMELEC, 312 SCRA 447 (1999) 3. Campaign and Election Propaganda D. Republic Act 9006 (Fair Election Practices Act) A. Election Campaign B. Lawful propaganda C. Equal access and media Cases: Penera v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 181613, September 11, 2009 Penera Case, Nov. 25, 2009 Chavez v. COMELEC, 437 SCRA 419 (2004) Halili v. CA, 83 SCRA 633 (1978) Pilar v. COMELEC, 245 SCRA 759 (1995) b. Registration of Voters Cases: AKBAYAN-YOUTH v. COMELEC. 355 SCRA 318 (2001) Romualdez v. RTC, Tacloban, supra Mercado v. Dysangco, 385 SCRA 329 (2002) •Casting of Votes and Absentee Voting c. Republic Act 9189 (Absentee Voting) d. Omnibus Election Code e. Republic Act 7166 (Synchronized National & Local Elections) f. Republic Act 8045 Cases: Libanan v. HRET, 283 SCRA 520 (1997) De Guzman v. Sison, 355 SCRA 329 (2001) •Postponement of Election d. Omnibus Election Code Cases: Basher v. COMELEC, 330 SCRA 736 (2000) Cawasa v. COMELEC, 383 SCRA 787 (2002) 3. Failure of Elections Cases: Carlos v. Angeles, 346 SCRA 571 (2000) Batabor v. COMELEC, 434 SCRA 63 (2004) Hassan v. COMELEC, 264 SCRA 125 (1996) Sardea v. COMELEC, 225 SCRA 344 (1993) Mitmug v. COMELEC, 230 SCRA Suppl. (1994) IV.Special Elections Case: Tolentino v. COMELEC, 420 SCRA 438 (2004) B. Counting of Votes 5. 6. 7. Omnibus Election Code Republic Act 7166 Republic Act 6646 (Electoral Reforms Act) Cases: Loong v. COMELEC, 305 SCRA 832 (1999) Dojillo v. COMELEC, 496 SCRA 484 •Canvassing and Proclamation 6. 7. 8. Constitution Republic Act 7166 (Synchronizd National and Local Elections) Batas Pambansa Blg. 222 (Election of Barangay Officials) Cases: Librados v. Casar, 234 SCRA 13 (1994) Brillantes v. COMELEC, 432 SCRA 269 (2004) Samad v. COMELEC, 224 SCRA 631 (1993) Ong v. COMELEC, 216 SCRA 866 (1992) Patoray v. COMELEC, 249 SCRA 440 (1995) Barbers v. COMELEC, 460 SCRA 569 (2005) Quilala v. COMELEC, 188 SCRA 902 (1990) Tugade v. COMELEC, 57 SCRA 325 (2007) •Election Contests 7. Republic Act 7166 Cases: Sampayan v. Daza, 312 SCRA 807 (1992) Republic of the Philippines v. Dela Rosa, 232 SCRA 785 (1994) Tan v. COMELEC, 507 SCRA 352 (2006) Roquero v. COMELEC, 289 SCRA 150 (1998) Dagloc v. COMELEC, 321 SCRA 273 (1999) Roces v. HRET, 469 SCRA 681 (2005) Pahilan v. Tabard, 230 SCRA 205 (1994) Garcia v. HRET, 312 SCRA 352 (1999) Peña v. HRET, 270 SCRA 340 (1997) Saquilyan v. COMELEC, 416 SCRA 658 (2003) Soller v. COMELEC, 339 SCRA 685 (2000) Samad v. COMELEC, supra Arroyo v. HRET, 246 SCRA 384 (1995) Legarda v. De Castro, supra Idulza v. COMELEC, 454 SCRA 242 (2004)
Report "Admin, Public Officers and Elections Law - Atty. Antonio Jamon"