Acc/555 Week 11 Final Exam

ACC 555 Week 11 Final Exam – Strayer NewClick On The Link Below To Purchase: http://www.hwmojo.com/products/acc-555-final-exam Chapters 7 Through 14 Prentice Hall's Federal Taxation 2015 Comprehensive, 28e (Pope) Chapter 7 Itemized Deductions 1) For individuals, all deductible expenses must be classified as deductions for AGI or deductions from AGI. 2) In 2014, medical expenses are deductible as a from AGI deduction to the extent that they exceed 7.5 percent of the taxpayer's AGI. 3) Medical expenses paid on behalf of an individual who could be the taxpayer's dependent except for the gross income or joint return tests are deductible as itemized deductions. 4) Medical expenses incurred on behalf of children of divorced parents are deductible by the parent who pays the expenses but only if that parent also is entitled to the dependency exemption. 5) The definition of medical care includes preventative measures such as routine physical examinations. 6) Due to stress on the job, taxpayer Charlie began to experience chest pains. In order to relax and relieve the pains, he and his spouse went on an ocean cruise. The cost of the cruise to alleviate this medical condition is tax deductible. 7) Expenditures for a weight reduction program are deductible if recommended by a physician to treat a specific medical condition such as hypertension caused by excess weight. 8) In order for a taxpayer to deduct a medical expense, the amount must be paid to a certified medical doctor (M.D.). 9) Jeffrey, a T.V. news anchor, is concerned about the wrinkles around his eyes. Because it is job-related, the cost of a face lift to eliminate these wrinkles is a deductible medical expense. 10) Expenditures for long-term care insurance premiums qualify as a medical expense deduction subject to an annual limit based upon the age of an individual. 11) Capital expenditures for medical care which permanently improve or better the taxpayer's property are deductible to the extent the cost exceeds the increase in fair market value to the property attributable to the capital expenditure. 12) Expenditures incurred in removing structural barriers in the home of a physically handicapped individual are deductible only to the extent the cost exceeds the increase in fair market value to the property attributable to the capital expenditure. 13) If the principal reason for a taxpayer's presence in an institution is the need and availability of medical care, the entire cost of lodging and meals is considered qualified medical expenditures. 14) A medical expense is generally deductible only in the year in which the expense is actually paid. 15) If a prepayment is a requirement for the receipt of the medical care, the payment is deductible in the year paid rather than the year in which the care is rendered. 16) If a medical expense reimbursement is received in a year after a deduction has been taken on a previous year's return, the previous year's return must be amended to eliminate the reimbursed expense. 17) Assessments or fees imposed for specific privileges or services are not deductible as taxes. 18) Foreign real property taxes and foreign income taxes are not deductible as itemized deductions. 19) A personal property tax based on the weight of the property is deductible. 20) Assessments made against real estate for the purpose of funding local improvements are not deductible in the year paid but rather should be added to the cost basis of the property. 21) Self-employed individuals may deduct the full self-employment taxes paid as a for AGI deduction. 22) Finance charges on personal credit cards are considered interest and are, therefore, deductible. 23) In general, the deductibility of interest depends on the purpose for which the indebtedness is incurred. 24) Interest expense incurred in the taxpayer's trade or business is deductible as a for AGI deduction without limitation if the taxpayer materially participates in the business. 25) Investment interest expense which is disallowed because it exceeds the taxpayer's net investment income may be carried over and treated as incurred in subsequent years. 26) Investment interest includes interest expense incurred to purchase tax-exempt securities. 27) Taxpayers may elect to include net capital gain as part of investment income. 28) Taxpayers may not deduct interest expense on most personal debt, including credit card debt, car loans, and other consumer debt. 29) Qualified residence interest consists of both acquisition indebtedness and home equity interest. 30) Acquisition indebtedness for a personal residence includes debt incurred to substantially improve the residence. 31) A taxpayer is allowed to deduct interest expense incurred on home equity indebtedness limited to the lesser of $100,000 or the home equity (FMV of the residence less the acquisition indebtedness). 32) While points paid to purchase a residence are deductible as interest in the period paid, points associated with the refinancing of a residence must be amortized and deducted over the life of the loan. 33) Christopher, a cash basis taxpayer, borrows $1,000 from ABC Bank by issuing a 3-month note on December 1, 2014. Christopher receives $940 but must repay $1,000 on the due date. The amount of interest expense deductible in 2014 is $20. 34) Charitable contributions made to individuals are deductible if the individuals can show extreme financial need. 35) For charitable contribution purposes, capital gain property includes property which, if sold, would produce a long-term capital gain. 36) A charitable contribution deduction is allowed for the FMV of services rendered to a qualified charitable organization. 37) A charitable contribution in excess of the deduction limit for one taxable year can be carried forward five years. 38) If a taxpayer makes a charitable contribution to a university and in return receives the right to purchase tickets to athletic events, the taxpayer may deduct only 80% of the payment. 39) An accrual-basis corporation can only deduct contributions made by year-end. 40) Corporate charitable deductions are limited to 10% of the corporation's taxable income for the year. 41) Legal fees for drafting a will are generally deductible. 42) A taxpayer can deduct a reasonable amount for small out-of-pocket (i.e. cash) donations. 43) Van pays the following medical expenses this year: • $1,500 for doctor bills for Van's son who is claimed as a dependent by Van's former spouse. • $300 for Van's eyeglasses. • $900 for Van's dental work. • $3,800 for Van's face lift. Van, a newscaster, is worried about the wrinkles around his eyes. How much can Van include on his return as qualified medical expenses before limitation? A) $1,200 B) $2,400 C) $2,700 D) $6,500 44) All of the following are deductible as medical expenses except A) vitamins and health foods that improve a taxpayer's general health. B) payments for a vision exam and contact lenses. C) payments to a hospital for laboratory fees and X-rays for diagnosis of a medical problem. D) cosmetic surgery necessary to correct a deformity arising from a congenital abnormality. 45) All of the following payments for medical items are deductible with the exception of the payment for A) insulin. B) general appointment for teeth cleaning. C) acupuncture for specific medical purposes. D) nonprescription medicine for treatment of a specific medical condition. 46) In 2014 Sela traveled from her home in Flagstaff to San Francisco to seek medical care. Because she was unable to travel alone, her mother accompanied her. Total expenses included: Hotel room en route ($150 × 2 rooms × 3 nights) Mileage, 1,000 miles Doctors bills in San Francisco $900 1,600 The total medical expenses deductible before the 10% limitation are A) $1,600. B) $2,135. C) $2,500. D) $2,460. 47) Leo spent $6,600 to construct an entrance ramp and to widen doorways in his personal residence to make the home accessible for his wife, who is disabled and confined to a wheelchair. The $6,600 expenditure increased the value of the residence by $2,000. How much of the $6,600 is a deductible medical expense (before considering limits based on AGI)? A) $0 B) $2,000 C) $4,600 D) $6,600 48) Linda had a swimming pool constructed at her house. Her physician advised and prescribed to her that the pool would slow the effects of her degenerative disease. The pool was not suitable for recreational use. Prior to the construction of the pool, the fair market value of her house was $172,000. After the construction of the pool, the appraised fair market value of the house was $181,000. The cost of the pool was $13,000. What is the amount of Linda's qualified medical expense (before considering limits based on AGI)? A) $0 B) $4,000 C) $9,000 D) $13,000 49) Alan, who is a security officer, is shot while on the job. As a result, Alan suffers from a chronic leg injury and must use a wheelchair and undergo therapy to regain and retain strength. Alan's physician recommends that he install a whirlpool bath in his home for therapy. During the year, Alan makes the following expenditures: Wheelchair Whirlpool bath Maintenance of the whirlpool Increased utility bills associated with whirlpool Entrance ramp, various home modifications $ 1,200 2,000 250 450 7,200 A professional appraiser tells Alan that the whirlpool has increased the value of his home by $1,000. Alan's deductible medical expenses (before considering limitations based on AGI) will be A) $6,000. B) $10,100. C) $7,000. D) $7,700. 50) Mitzi's medical expenses include the following: Medical premiums Doctors fees Hospital fees Prescription drugs Eyeglasses General purpose vitamins $10,850 2,000 3,350 600 350 100 Mitzi's AGI for the year is $33,000. She is single and age 49. None of the medical costs are reimbursed by insurance. After considering the AGI floor, Mitzi's medical expense deduction is A) $12,900. B) $13,850. C) $14,675. D) $16,325. 51) Caleb's medical expenses before reimbursement for the year include the following: Medical premiums Doctors, hospitals Prescriptions $11,000 3,500 600 Caleb's AGI for the year is $50,000. He is single and age 58. Caleb also receives a reimbursement for medical expenses of $1,000. Caleb's deductible medical expenses that will be added to the other itemized deduction will be A) $10,350. B) $9,100. C) $14,500. D) $15,100. 52) A review of the 2014 tax file of Gregory, a single taxpayer who is age 40, provides the following information regarding Gregory's 2014 tax status: Adjusted gross income Medical expenses (before percentage limit) Itemized deductions other than medical 2014 potential standard deduction $40,000 5,000 5,400 6,200 In 2015, Gregory receives a reimbursement for last year's medical expenses of $1,200. As a result, Gregory must A) include $200 in gross income for 2015. B) include $1,200 in gross income for 2015. C) reduce 2015's medical expenses by $1,200. D) amend the 2014 return. 53) Mr. and Mrs. Thibodeaux, who are filing a joint return, have adjusted gross income of $75,000. During the tax year, they paid the following medical expenses for themselves and for Mrs. Thibodeaux's mother, Mrs. Watson (age 63). Mrs. Watson provided over one-half of her own support. Prescription drugs for Mr. Thibodeaux General vitamins for Mrs. Thibodeaux Doctor bill for Mr. Thibodeaux Doctor bill for Mrs. Thibodeaux Hospital bill for Mrs. Watson $3,600 $ 100 $1,800 $4,000 $2,200 Mr. and Mrs. Thibodeaux received no reimbursement for the above expenditures. What is the amount of their deductible itemized medical expenses? A) $1,900 B) $2,000 C) $4,100 D) $9,400 54) Mr. and Mrs. Gere, who are filing a joint return, have adjusted gross income of $50,000. During the tax year, they paid the following medical expenses for themselves and for Mrs. Gere's mother, Mrs. Williams. The Gere's could claim Mrs. Williams as their dependent, but she has too much gross income. Insulin for Mr. Gere Health insurance premiums for Mrs. Gere Hospital bill for Mrs. Williams Doctor bill for Mrs. Gere $1,000 $3,100 $5,200 $4,000 Mr. and Mrs. Gere received no reimbursement for the above expenditures. What is the amount of their deductible itemized medical expenses? A) $5,200 B) $8,300 C) $4,300 D) $13,300 55) The following taxes are deductible as itemized deductions with the exception of A) state income taxes. B) federal income taxes. C) foreign real property taxes. D) local personal property taxes. 56) Matt paid the following taxes in 2014: Real estate taxes on rental property he owns Real estate taxes on his own residence Federal income taxes State income taxes Local city income taxes State sales taxes $4,000 3,600 8,000 3,400 500 700 What amount can Matt deduct as an itemized deduction on his tax return? A) $7,500 B) $11,500 C) $15,500 D) $19,500 57) In 2014, Carlos filed his 2013 state income tax return and paid taxes of $800. Also in 2014, Carlos's employer withheld state income tax of $750 from Carlos's salary. In 2015, Carlos filed his 2014 state income tax return and paid an additional $600 of state income tax due for 2014. How much state income tax can Carlos deduct on his 2014 federal income tax return for state income tax? A) $1,350 B) $1,400 C) $1,550 D) $2,150 58) Doug pays a county personal property tax on his automobile of $1,500. The $1,500 includes $800 based on the weight of the car and $700 based on the value of the car. How much of the tax can Doug deduct on his tax return? A) $0 B) $700 C) $800 D) $1,500 59) During the year Jason and Kristi, cash basis taxpayers, paid the following taxes: State gift tax Property tax on home in the United States State income tax (withholdings) Estimated federal income tax Estimated state income tax (paid by check) Special assessment by city for sidewalks and street lighting on their street $1,000 4,100 3,000 4,500 800 2,000 What amount can Kristi and Jason claim as an itemized deduction for taxes on their federal income tax return in the current year? A) $7,900 B) $8,900 C) $10,900 D) $15,400 60) In February of the current year (assume a non-leap year), Ken and Kelsey received their property tax statement for last calendar-year taxes of $1,600, which they paid to the taxing authority on March 1 of the current year. They had purchased their home on May 1 last year. What amount of property tax on this statement may they claim as an itemized deduction this year? A) $0 B) $1,069 C) $1,074 D) $1,600 61) On September 1, of the current year, James, a cash-basis taxpayer, sells his farm to Bill, also a cash-basis taxpayer, for $100,000. James' basis in the farm is $65,000. The real property tax year is the calendar year. Real estate taxes on the property for the year are $3,650 and are payable in November of the current year. The sales agreement does not provide for apportionment of real estate taxes between the buyer and seller. Assume Bill pays all of the real estate taxes in the current year. The effects of this sales structure will be: A) Taxes allocated to James $0 Taxes allocated to Bill $3,650 Effect on James' Gain no effect on gain B) Taxes allocated to James Taxes allocated to Bill $3,650 $0 Effect on James' Gain decrease gain by $1,220 C) Taxes allocated to James Taxes allocated to Bill $2,430 $1,220 D) Taxes allocated to James Taxes allocated to Bill $1,220 $2,430 Effect on James' Gain increase gain by $2,430 Effect on James' Gain increase gain by $1,220 62) On September 1, of the current year, Samuel, a cash-basis taxpayer, sells his farm to Edward, also a cash-basis taxpayer for $100,000. Samuel's basis in the farm is $65,000. The real property tax year is the calendar year. Real estate taxes on the property for the year are $3,650 and are payable on April 1 of the following year. The sales agreement does not provide for apportionment of real estate taxes between the buyer and seller. Assume Samuel pays all of the real estate taxes prior to the sale. The effects of this sales structure will be: A) Taxes allocated to Samuel Taxes allocated to Edward $1,220 $2,430 B) Taxes allocated to Samuel Taxes allocated to Edward $2,430 $1,220 C) Taxes allocated to Samuel Taxes allocated to Edward $2,430 $1,220 D) Taxes allocated to Samuel Taxes allocated to Edward $1,220 $2,430 Effect on Samuel's Gain increase gain by $1,220 Effect on Samuel's Gain increase gain by $2,430 Effect on Samuel's Gain decrease gain by $1,220 Effect on Samuel's Gain decrease gain by $1,220 63) Peter is assessed $630 for street improvements in front of his house. Which of the following statements is correct? A) Peter must deduct the assessment as a tax. B) Peter must reduce the property basis by $630. C) Peter must increase the property basis by $630. D) Peter can elect to deduct the $630 currently or increase the basis in the property. 64) Hui pays self-employment tax on her sole proprietorship income, supplemental Medicare surtaxes on excess wages and self-employment income (the .09% tax) and supplemental Medicare taxes on investment income (the 3.8% tax). Which of the following statements is correct regarding the deductibility of these taxes? A) All three of the taxes are deductible as itemized deductions. B) One-half of the self-employment tax is deductible for AGI, and the . 09% and 3.8% taxes are itemized deductions. C) None of the taxes are allowed as a deduction. D) One-half of the self-employment tax is deductible for AGI, but the . 09% and 3.8% taxes are not allowed as deductions. 65) Which of the following is deductible as interest expense? A) personal credit card interest B) interest to purchase tax-exempt bonds C) bank service charges on personal account D) interest on a home equity loan to purchase a car 66) Riva borrows $10,000 that she intends to use for purchasing supplies for her business. She temporarily deposits the funds in her personal checking account. Prior to the deposit, the checking account held $40,000 of personal funds. Riva books a vacation for $6,000 and writes a check to the travel agency from her personal account. Later in the month, the business supplies bill arrives and Riva writes a check for $10,000 from the personal account. With respect to the interest expense on the $10,000 loan, A) it will all be treated trade or business expense. B) 60 percent will be treated as personal interest expense and 40 percent as trade or business expense. C) it will all be treated as personal expense. D) 20 percent will be treated trade or business expense. 67) When both borrowed and owned funds are mingled in the same account, for purposes of categorizing interest expense, a repayment of the debt is allocated first to A) personal expenditures. B) trade or business expenditures. C) investment expenditures. D) passive activity expenditures in real estate. 68) All of the following statements are true except A) investment interest expense is deductible to the extent of a taxpayer's net investment income. B) short-term capital gains meet the definition of net investment income. C) investment interest expense includes interest expense to purchase or carry tax-exempt securities. D) net investment income is the taxpayer's investment income in excess of investment expenses. 69) In the current year, Julia earns $9,000 in net investment income and incurs $14,000 of investment interest expense. What is the maximum amount of investment interest expense she is allowed to deduct this year? A) $0 B) $3,000 deductible this year; $11,000 carried forward to next year C) $9,000 deductible this year; $5,000 carried forward to next year D) $14,000 deductible this year; nothing to be carried forward to next year 70) Ted pays $2,100 interest on his automobile loan, $120 interest on a loan to purchase a computer for personal use, $630 interest on credit cards, and $1,100 investment interest expense. Ted has net investment income of $850. Ted's deductible interest is A) $850. B) $1,100. C) $2,950. D) $3,200. 71) Takesha paid $13,000 of investment interest expense in a year in which she earned $4,500 in dividends, $5,400 in interest income, and had a short-term capital gain of $1,000 and a long-term capital gain of $2,200. The capital gains resulted from the sale of stock held as an investment. She has no other investment-related expenses. What is her maximum deduction for investment interest expense, assuming Takesha does not make any elections? A) $5,400 B) $6,400 C) $13,100 D) $13,000 72) Dana paid $13,000 of investment interest expense in a year in which she earned $4,500 in dividends, $5,400 in interest income, and had a short-term capital gain of $1,000 and a long-term capital gain of $2,200. The capital gains resulted from the sale of stock held as an investment. She has no other investment-related expenses. What is her maximum deduction for investment interest expense if Dana makes the proper elections to raise her ceiling as high as possible? A) $5,400 B) $9,900 C) $13,100 D) $13,000 73) Faye earns $100,000 of AGI, including $90,000 of salary and $10,000 of interest income. Faye does itemize her deductions. The miscellaneous category of her itemized deductions consists of $1,500 of unreimbursed employee business expenses and a $900 fee paid for investment advice. Faye has paid $11,000 of interest expense on a loan used to purchase stocks. How much of the $11,000 interest expense can be deducted this year? A) $11,000 B) $10,000 C) $9,100 D) $9,600 74) Teri pays the following interest expenses during the year: Home mortgage interest on personal residence Credit card interest on personal purchases Interest on loans used to purchase investments (Net investment income is $2,000) Interest on loans used for a business conducted as a sole proprietorship Interest on a credit card used exclusively in the business $8,500 550 2,400 3,800 470 What is the amount of interest expense that can be deducted as an itemized deduction? A) $10,500 B) $10,900 C) $14,300 D) $14,700 75) On July 31 of the current year, Marjorie borrows $120,000 to purchase a new fishing boat. The loan is secured by her personal residence. On the date of the loan, the outstanding balance on the original debt incurred to purchase the residence is $300,000 and the FMV of the home is $450,000. What is the total amount of debt on which Marjorie can deduct interest in the current year? A) $300,000 B) $400,000 C) $420,000 D) $450,000 76) Wayne and Maria purchase a home on April 1 of the current year. In order to obtain a thirty-year mortgage, they are required to pay $7,200 in points at closing. Charging points is a customary business practice in the area. In addition, they pay $4,400 of interest during the year. What is their current year deduction related to their home? A) $4,400 B) $4,580 C) $7,200 D) $11,600 77) Claudia refinances her home mortgage on June 1 of the current year. She obtains a 30 year mortgage at 5%. As part of the refinancing, she pays points of $3,600 (a customary practice in her location). What amount, if any, of the points are deductible? A) $0 B) $70 C) $120 D) $3,600 78) Leslie, who is single, finished graduate school this year and began repaying her student loan. The proceeds of the loan were used to pay her qualified higher education expenses. She has not received any type of educational assistance or scholarships. The amount of interest paid during the year amounted to $3,800. What is the amount and classification of her student loan interest education deduction if her modified AGI is $40,000? A) $2,500 for AGI B) $2,500 from AGI C) $3,800 for AGI D) $3,800 from AGI 79) Marcia, who is single, finished graduate school this year and began repaying her student loan. The proceeds of the loan were used to pay her qualified higher education expenses. She has not received any type of educational assistance or scholarships. The amount of interest paid during the year amounted to $3,000. What is the amount and classification of her student loan interest deduction if her AGI is $68,000? A) $500 for AGI B) $2,000 for AGI C) $2,500 for AGI D) $3,000 for AGI 80) Don's records contain the following information: 1. Donated stock having a fair market value of $3,600 to a qualified charitable organization. He acquired the stock five months previously at a cost of $2,400. 2. Paid $700 to a church school as a requirement for the enrollment of his daughter. 3. Paid $200 for annual homeowner's association dues. 4. Drove 400 miles in his personal auto at 14 cents per mile. The travel was directly related to volunteer services he performed for his church (actual costs were not available). What is Don's charitable contribution deduction? A) $2,456 B) $3,156 C) $3,356 D) $3,656 81) Erin's records reflect the following information: 1. Paid $200 dues to a fraternal organization (such as the Elks Club) 2. Donated stock having a fair market value of $3,500 to a qualified charitable organization. She purchased the stock 2 years earlier for $3,000. 3. Paid $1,600 cash to qualified public charitable organizations Erin's adjusted gross income for this year was $50,000. What is the amount of her charitable contribution deduction for the year? A) $4,600 B) $4,800 C) $5,100 D) $5,300 82) Sacha purchased land in 2010 for $35,000 that she held as a capital asset. This year, she contributed the land to the Boy Scouts of America (a charitable organization) for use as a site for a summer camp. The market value of the land at the date of contribution is $40,000. Sacha's adjusted gross income is $90,000. Assuming no special elections, Sacha's maximum deductible contribution this year is A) $13,000. B) $27,000. C) $35,000. D) $40,000. 83) Doris donated a diamond brooch recently appraised at $25,000 to her local church. Doris had purchased it many years ago for $10,000. The church sold the brooch to provide funding for church programming. Doris' AGI is $40,000. Doris will be able to take a charitable deduction of A) $10,000. B) $25,000. C) $12,000. D) $20,000. 84) Clayton contributes land to the American Red Cross for use as a future site for a new building. His AGI is $50,000. Clayton paid $20,000 for the land eight months ago but its market value at the date of contribution is $25,000. With no special elections, Clayton's deductible contribution this year is A) $7,000. B) $18,000. C) $20,000. D) $25,000. 85) Carl purchased a machine for use in his trade or business two years ago for $30,000. During the current year, Carl donates the machine to the local community college. At the time of the contribution, the machine's adjusted basis is $10,000 and its FMV is $15,000. Carl's AGI for the year is $48,000. What is the amount of his charitable contribution deduction? A) $10,000 B) $14,000 C) $15,000 D) $25,000 86) During the current year, Jane spends approximately 90 hours of her time in developing computer software for a church. As a programmer and data analyst, Jane normally bills her clients at $130 per hour for her time. Jane also drives her car a total of 800 miles in performing her voluntary work. Jane's deductible contribution is A) $0. B) $112. C) $11,700. D) $11,812. 87) Carol contributes a painting to a local museum for display. Her AGI is $60,000. Carol paid $22,000 for the painting in 2006, but its market value at the date of the contribution is $25,000. With no special elections, Carol's deductible contribution this year is A) $ 7,000. B) $18,000. C) $22,000. D) $25,000. 88) Hugh contributes a painting to a local museum for display. His AGI is $35,000. Hugh paid $16,000 for the painting in 2000, but its market value at the date of the contribution is $22,000. If Hugh makes the election to maximize the current year deduction, his deductible contribution for this year will be A) $10,500. B) $16,000. C) $17,500. D) $22,000. 89) Patrick's records for the current year contain the following information. He donated stock having a fair market value of $5,000 to a qualified charitable organization. Patrick acquired the stock two years ago at a cost of $3,000. He paid $1,000 for membership in an athletic scholarship program maintained by the university. The only benefit of the membership is that Patrick is entitled to purchase a season ticket to the university's home football games. He also donated $7,500 cash to a qualified charitable organization. Patrick's adjusted gross income for the year is $100,000. What is the amount of his charitable contribution deduction? A) $11,300 B) $11,500 C) $13,300 D) $13,500 90) Grace has AGI of $60,000 in 2013 and 2014. She makes cash contributions to public charities of $34,000 in 2013 and $31,000 in 2014. Grace's charitable contribution carryover to 2015 is A) $0. B) $1,000. C) $4,000. D) $5,000. 91) Daniel had adjusted gross income of $60,000, which consisted of $55,000 in wages and $5,000 in dividend income from taxable domestic corporations. His expenses include: Investment counseling fee Attorney fee for preparing a will Union dues Tax return preparation fee $800 200 350 450 What is the net amount deductible by Daniel for the above items? A) $400 B) $600 C) $1,000 D) $1,600 92) Wang, a licensed architect employed by Skye Architects, incurred the following unreimbursed expenses this year: Subscription to architectural journals Dues to Professional Architecture Society Tax return preparation Investment advice $800 400 600 500 Wang's AGI is $75,000. What is his net deduction for miscellaneous itemized deductions? A) $0 B) $1,900 C) $800 D) $1,500 93) Tasneem, a single taxpayer has paid the following amounts in 2014: State income taxes Property taxes on home Mortgage interest on home Charitable contributions $10,000 4,000 12,000 14,000 Tasneem's AGI is $360,000. What is her net itemized deduction allowed? A) $40,000 B) $38,352 C) $36,826 D) None of the above. 94) Christa has made a $25,000 pledge to the American Red Cross (a public charity). Christa expects AGI of $200,000 this year. Which of the following assets should she donate? A) $25,000 of cash B) stock purchased three years ago for $18,000 with a current FMV of $25,000 C) stock purchased six months ago for $28,000 with a current FMV of $25,000 D) Christa should be indifferent among the three choices. 95) Which of the following is not required substantiation for a noncash charitable contribution? A) name and address of charitable organization B) method used to determine the donated property's fair market value C) date and location of property donated D) use of donation by charitable organization 96) During the current year, Deborah Baronne, a single individual, paid the following amounts: Federal income tax $10,000 State income tax $4,000 Real estate taxes on land in France $1,500 Real estate taxes on land in U.S. $1,700 State sales taxes $2,000 State occupational license fee $ 600 How much can Deborah deduct in taxes as itemized deductions? 97) Phoebe's AGI for the current year is $120,000. Included in this AGI is $100,000 salary and $20,000 of interest income. In earning the investment income, Phoebe paid investment interest expense of $30,000. She also incurred the following expenditures subject to the 2% of AGI limitation: Investment expenses: Subscriptions to investment journals $ 500 Investment counseling 1,500 Safe-deposit box rental for stock certificates 100 Noninvestment expenses: Unreimbursed employee business expenses $1,800 Tax return preparation fees (non-business-related) 500 What is Phoebe's investment interest expense deduction for the year? 98) On December 1, 2014, Delilah borrows $2,000 from her credit union to use in her business. Under the terms of the contract, Delilah actually receives $1,940 but is required to repay $2,000 in three months. a. What amount may Delilah deduct as interest expense in 2014 and in 2015 if she is a cash basis taxpayer? b. What amount may Delilah deduct as interest expense in 2014 and in 2015 if she is an accrual basis taxpayer? 99) During 2014 Richard and Denisa, who are married and have two dependent children, have the following income and losses: Total salaries Bank account interest Short-term capital gains Short-term capital losses $150,000 25,000 4,000 ( 1,500) They also incurred the following expenses: Qualified medical expenses $ 8,000 State income taxes paid 12,000 Property taxes on home 2,300 Qualified residence interest 9,000 Investment interest expense 7,500 Cash charitable contributions 15,000 Tax return preparation fees 3,600 Unreimbursed employee business expenses 4,000 Compute Richard and Denisa's taxable income for the year. (Show all calculations in good form.) 100) Hope is a marketing manager at a local company. Information about her 2014 income and expenses is as follows: Income received Salary Taxes withheld from salary: Federal income tax $30,000 State income tax 8,000 Social Security tax 7,254 Medicare tax 2,175 Interest income from bank Dividend income from U.S. stocks Short-term capital gain Long-term capital gain State income tax refund from last year Expenses paid: Unreimbursed dental and eyecare costs Property taxes on her home Fees paid to town for garbage pick-up Stock donated to American Red Cross; FMV $5,000; purchased three years ago for $3,100 Dues paid to American Marketing Association Subscription to professional marketing journals Fee for preparation of 2013 tax return and IRS audit assistance Investment advisor fee Home mortgage interest Interest on borrowing to purchase investment assets Interest on car loan $150,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 3,000 500 $1,800 3,900 400 600 300 2,000 1,000 10,000 11,000 1,100 Compute Hope's taxable income for the year in good form. Show all supporting computations. Hope is single, and she elects to itemize her deductions each year. Assume she does not make any elections regarding the investment interest expense. Also assume that her tax profile was similar in the preceding year. 101) Explain under what circumstances meals and lodging en route to a medical facility may be deductible. 102) Explain when the cost of living in an institution other than a hospital may be deductible. 103) Discuss the timing of the allowable medical expense deduction. 104) Patrick and Belinda have a twelve year old son, Aidan, who is autistic. Patrick and Belinda pay tuition of $20,000 annually for Aidan to attend a school for autistic children. What tax issues should be considered? What additional information would you need? 105) Discuss what circumstances must be met for personal property taxes to be deductible. 106) Explain why interest expense on investments is limited to net investment income. 107) When are points paid on a loan deductible as interest expense? 108) Sharif is planning to buy a new car for personal use and will need to take out a loan. His sources of the financing include (1) a loan from the car dealership charging 6% interest, (2) a loan from his brokerage firm secured against his stock portfolio charging 6.2% and (3) a home equity bank loan secured against his home charging 7%. Sharif has AGI of $150,000 and does itemize his deductions. He is in the 28% tax bracket. Discuss how income taxes can influence his decision regarding the source of financing. 109) May an individual deduct a charitable contribution for services rendered to a charitable organization? 110) What is the result if a taxpayer makes a contribution to a college or university and in return receives the right to purchase tickets to athletic events? 111) What is the treatment of charitable contributions in excess of the applicable limits for the current year? 112) Explain how tax planning may allow a deduction of qualified medical expenses. 113) Explain what types of tax planning are available for taxpayers making charitable contributions. 114) Jill is considering making a donation to her church. She wants to give $50,000 for the new church building. She has some stock with a FMV of $50,000 and an adjusted basis of $10,000 that she has held for 3 years. She is planning to sell the stock and donate the $50,000 proceeds to the church. What should she consider before taking that action? Chapter 8 Losses and Bad Debts 1) In order to be recognized and deducted on a tax return, a loss must first be realized. 2) The amount of loss realized on the sale of property is computed by subtracting adjusted basis from amount realized. 3) A loss incurred on the sale or exchange of property is deductible only if the property is used in a trade or business or held for investment. 4) The sale of inventory at a loss results in an ordinary loss. 5) Losses incurred in the sale or exchange of personal-use property are deductible as capital losses. 6) A loss on business or investment property which is abandoned is deductible as an ordinary loss to the extent of the property's adjusted basis on the date of abandonment. 7) The total worthlessness of a security generally results in an ordinary loss. 8) A capital loss may arise from the sale or exchange of a capital asset. 9) The destruction of a capital asset by a casualty gives rise to a capital rather than ordinary loss. 10) One of the requirements which must be met for stock to be considered Section 1244 stock is that the stock must be owned by an individual or a partnership. 11) One of the requirements which must be met for stock to be considered Section 1244 stock is that the corporation cannot have more than $10 million of total capital and paid in surplus as of the stock issuance. 12) When applying the limitations of the passive activity rules, a taxpayer's AGI is classified into active income, portfolio income and passive income. For this purpose, portfolio income includes dividends, interest, annuities, and royalties. 13) Losses from passive activities that cannot be deducted currently are carried over for up to 5 subsequent years. 14) Individual taxpayers can offset portfolio income with passive losses. 15) If a taxpayer disposes of an interest in a passive activity, unused carryover losses are available to the purchaser of the interest. 16) A taxpayer may deduct suspended losses of a passive activity when the taxpayer completely terminates his or her ownership of the activity. 17) Once an activity has been classified as passive, it is considered passive with regard to that taxpayer until it is sold. 18) A passive activity includes any rental activity or any trade or business in which the taxpayer does not materially participate. 19) Two separate business operations conducted at the same location may be treated as separate activities under the passive activity rules. 20) Partnerships and S corporations must identify their business and rental activities by applying the passive activity rules at the partnership or S corporation level and then must report the results of their operations by activity to the partners or shareholders. 21) Material participation by a taxpayer in a passive activity is satisfied if the individual participates in the activity for more than 500 hours during the year. 22) For purposes of the application of the passive loss limitations, a closely held C corporation is a C corporation where more than 50 percent of the stock is owned by five or fewer individuals at any time during the last half of the taxable year. 23) A closely held C Corporation's passive losses may offset its active income. 24) Individuals who actively participate in the management of rental real property may deduct up to $25,000 in losses, subject to AGI limitations. 25) For purposes of applying the passive loss limitations for rental real estate, active participation requires a greater time commitment by the taxpayer than does material participation. 26) Taxpayers are allowed to recognize net passive losses from all activities up to a ceiling of $25,000. 27) A taxpayer may deduct a loss resulting from the theft of business and investment property but not a theft of personal-use property. 28) When business property involved in a casualty is totally destroyed, the amount of the loss is limited to the lesser of the taxpayer's adjusted basis in the property or the reduction in FMV. 29) In the case of casualty losses of personal-use property, the losses sustained in each separate casualty are reduced by both $100 and 10 percent of the taxpayer's AGI for the year. 30) A theft loss is deducted in the year in which the theft is discovered. 31) When personal-use property is covered by insurance, no deduction is available for a casualty loss of the property unless the taxpayer timely files an insurance claim for the loss. 32) When the taxpayer anticipates a full recovery on a casualty loss of personal-use property but receives less than full recovery in a subsequent year, the unrecovered portion may be deducted. 33) If a taxpayer suffers a loss attributable to a disaster in an area subsequently declared a disaster area, the casualty loss may be deducted in the year preceding the year in which the loss actually occurs. 34) For a bad debt to be deductible, the taxpayer must have a basis in the debt. 35) A bona fide debtor-creditor relationship can never exist in the case of related parties. 36) A taxpayer guarantees another person's obligation and is forced to pay the debt under the terms of the guarantee. The original debtor does not repay the taxpayer. The taxpayer/guarantor may deduct the loss. 37) Lisa loans her friend, Grace, $10,000 to finance a new business. If Grace defaults on the loan, Lisa may take a deduction for a business bad debt in the year of total worthlessness. 38) A business bad debt gives rise to an ordinary deduction while a nonbusiness bad debt is treated as a short-term capital loss. 39) No deduction is allowed for a partially worthless nonbusiness debt. 40) A net operating loss (NOL) occurs when taxable income for any year is negative because itemized deductions and total exemptions exceed business income. 41) A net operating loss can be carried back three years or carried forward five years. 42) All of the following losses are deductible except A) decline in value of securities. B) total worthlessness of securities. C) sale or exchange of business property. D) destruction of personal use property by fire, storm, or casualty. 43) The amount realized by Matt on the sale of property to Caitlin includes all of the following with the exception of A) cash received by Matt. B) mortgage on the property that is assumed by Caitlin. C) mortgage on the property paid off by Matt prior to the sale. D) the FMV of any other property received by Matt in the transaction. 44) In 2000, Michael purchased land for $100,000. Over the years, economic conditions deteriorated, and the value of the land declined to $60,000. Michael sells the property in this year, when it is subject to a $30,000 nonrecourse mortgage. The buyer pays Michael $34,000 cash and takes the property subject to the mortgage. Michael incurs $5,000 in real estate commissions. Michael's gain or loss on the sale is A) $4,000 gain. B) $1,000 loss. C) $36,000 loss. D) $41,000 loss. 45) Lucia owns 100 shares of Cronco Inc. which she purchased on December 1 of last year for $10,000. The stock is not Sec. 1244 stock. On July 1 of the current year, Lucia receives notice from the bankruptcy court that Conco Inc. has been liquidated, and there are no assets remaining for shareholders. As a result, Lucia will have A) a short-term capital loss of $10,000. B) a long-term capital loss of $10,000. C) an ordinary loss of $10,000. D) no loss allowed. 46) Jamie sells investment real estate for $80,000, resulting in a $15,000 loss. Jamie's loss is A) an ordinary loss. B) a capital loss. C) a Sec. 1231 loss. D) a Sec. 1244 loss. 47) Juan has a casualty loss of $32,500 on investment property after receiving an insurance settlement. This is Juan's only casualty transaction this year. Juan's loss is A) an ordinary loss. B) a capital loss. C) a Sec. 1231 loss. D) a Sec. 1244 loss. 48) All of the following are true of losses from the sale or worthlessness of small business corporation (Section 1244) stock with the exception of A) the stock must be owned by an individual or a partnership. B) the stock must have been issued by a domestic corporation. C) the stock must have been issued for cash or property other than stock or securities. D) a single taxpayer may deduct, as ordinary losses, up to a maximum of $100,000 per tax year with the remainder treated as capital losses. 49) Stacy, who is married and sole shareholder of ABC Corporation, sold all of her stock in the corporation for $100,000. Stacy had organized the corporation in 2009 by contributing $225,000 and receiving all of the capital stock of the corporation. ABC Corporation is a domestic corporation engaged in the manufacturing of ski boots. The stock in ABC Corporation qualified as Sec. 1244 stock. The sale results in a(n) A) ordinary loss of $125,000. B) long-term capital loss of $125,000. C) long-term capital loss of $100,000 and ordinary loss of $25,000. D) ordinary loss of $100,000 and long-term capital loss of $25,000. 50) Amy, a single individual and sole shareholder of Brown Corporation, sold all of the Brown stock for $30,000. The stock basis was $150,000. Amy had owned the stock for 3 years. Brown Corporation meets the Section 1244 requirements. Amy has A) a $50,000 ordinary loss and $70,000 LTCL. B) a $50,000 STCL and a $70,000 LTCL. C) a $100,000 ordinary loss and a $20,000 LTCL. D) a $100,000 LTCL and a $20,000 ordinary loss. 51) Sarah had a $30,000 loss on Section 1244 stock, a $15,000 loss on sale of a personal use automobile and a $8,000 loss on stock that is not classified as Section 1244. Without regard to net capital loss limitations, Sarah should recognize A) a ordinary loss of $38,000. B) a capital loss of $53,000. C) an ordinary loss of $30,000 and a capital loss of $8,000. D) an ordinary loss of $30,000 and a capital loss of $23,000. 52) During the year, Mark reports $90,000 of active business income from his law practice. He also owns two passive activities. From Activity A, he earns $20,000 of income, and from Activity B, he incurs a $30,000 loss. As a result, Mark A) reports AGI of $80,000. B) reports AGI of $90,000 with a $10,000 passive loss carryover. C) reports AGI of $90,000 with a $30,000 passive loss carryover. D) reports AGI of $110,000 with a $30,000 passive loss carryover. 53) Joy reports the following income and loss: Salary Income from activity A Loss from activity B Loss from activity C $ 120,000 60,000 ( 35,000) ( 55,000) Activities A, B, and C are all passive activities. Based on this information, Joy has A) adjusted gross income of $90,000. B) salary of $120,000 and deductible net losses of $30,000. C) salary of $120,000 and net passive losses of $30,000 that will be carried over. D) salary of $120,000, passive income of $60,000, and passive loss carryovers of $90,000. 54) Jana reports the following income and loss: Salary Income from activity A Loss from activity B Loss from activity C $ 120,000 60,000 ( 30,000) ( 70,000) Activities A, B, and C are all passive activities. Based on this information, Joy has the following suspended losses: A) Activity B Activity C $30,000 $70,000 B) Activity B Activity C $0 $0 C) Activity B Activity C $18,000 $42,000 D) Activity B Activity C $12,000 $28,000 55) Jeff owned one passive activity. Jeff sold the activity and realized a $2,000 gain on the sale. Prior to the sale, he realized a current year loss from the activity of $6,000. In addition, he has suspended losses from prior years of $7,000. What is the net impact on Jeff's AGI this year due to the passive activity? A) increase of $2,000 B) no net change C) decrease of $4,000 D) decrease of $11,000 56) Nancy reports the following income and loss in the current year. Salary Income from activity A Loss from activity B Loss from activity C $ 60,000 18,000 ( 9,000) ( 13,000) All three activities are passive activities with respect to Nancy. Nancy also has $21,000 of suspended losses attributable to activity C carried over from prior years. During the year, Nancy sells activity C and realizes a $15,000 taxable gain. What is Nancy's AGI as a result of these transactions? A) $50,000 B) $55,000 C) $64,000 D) $71,000 57) Lewis died during the current year. Lewis owned passive activity property with a FMV of $61,000 and a basis of $48,000. Suspended losses of $15,000 were attributable to the property. How much of the suspended loss is deductible on Lewis's final income tax return? A) $0 B) $2,000 C) $13,000 D) $15,000 58) Mara owns an activity with suspended passive losses from prior years of $13,000. In the current year, Mara becomes a material participant in the activity. This year the activity generates $6,000 of income. The net effect of this activity on Mara's current year AGI is a(n) A) increase of $6,000. B) decrease of $13,000. C) 0. D) decrease of $7,000. 59) Charlie owns activity B which was considered a passive activity and generated a $17,000 suspended loss. Charlie increases his involvement with activity B so that this year activity B is not considered passive for Charlie. During this year, activity B produces a $9,000 loss. In addition, Charlie acquires an investment in activity X, a passive activity, this year. Charlie's share of activity X's income is $13,000. Charlie's salary this year is $70,000. As a result, this year Charlie must A) offset B's loss carryover against X's current income and carry over $9,000 loss from activity B to next year. B) offset B's carryover loss and current loss against X's income first and then offset any remaining loss against salary. C) offset B's $9,000 loss against X's $13,000 income and offset B's loss carryover against the remaining $4,000 of X's income. D) offset B's current $9,000 loss against his salary and offset B's loss carryover against X's income and carry over $4,000 of loss to next year. 60) Jorge owns activity X which produced a $20,000 passive loss last year. Jorge's only income last year was wages of $30,000. Jorge is a material participant in activity X this year when it produces a $14,000 loss. This year, Jorge's wages are $40,000. This year, Jorge also has passive activity income from activity Y of $16,000. What is the total passive activity loss carryover to next year? A) $0 B) $3,000 C) $4,000 D) $18,000 61) Which of the following is not generally classified as a passive activity? A) an activity in which the taxpayer does not materially participate B) a limited partnership interest C) rental real estate D) a business in which the taxpayer owns an interest and works 1,000 hours a year 62) An individual is considered to materially participate in an activity if any of the following tests are met with the exception of A) the individual participates in the activity for more than 500 hours during the year. B) the individual participates in the activity for 75 hours during the year, and that participation is more than any other individual's participation for the year. C) the individual has materially participated in the activity in any five years during the immediate preceding 10 taxable years. D) the individual's participation in the activity for the year constitutes substantially all of the participation in the activity by all individuals. 63) Tom and Shawn own all of the outstanding stock of Brady Corporation (a retail store operated as a C corporation). This year, Brady generates taxable income of $20,000 from active business operations, and also reports investment interest of $22,000 and losses of $28,000 from a passive activity. As a result, Brady Corporation reports A) net income of $42,000. B) interest income of $22,000 and a passive loss carryover of $8,000. C) business income of $20,000 and a passive loss carryover of $6,000. D) business income of $20,000, interest income of $22,000, and a passive loss carryover of $28,000. 64) A taxpayer's rental activities will be considered a trade or business, rather than a passive activity, if A) the taxpayer performs more than 750 hours of work during the year managing the rental properties B) the taxpayer performs more than 500 hours of work during the year managing the rental properties. C) more than half of the taxpayers personal services performed in all business activities during the year are spent managing the rental properties. D) conditions A and C, but not B, are satisfied. 65) Justin has AGI of $110,000 before considering his $30,000 loss from rental property, which he actively manages. How much of the rental loss can Justin deduct this year? A) $10,000 B) $20,000 C) $25,000 D) $30,000 66) Joseph has AGI of $170,000 before considering the $20,000 rental loss for property which he actively manages. How much of the rental loss can he deduct? A) $0 B) $10,000 C) $20,000 D) $25,000 67) Shaunda has AGI of $90,000 and owns rental property generating a $27,000 loss. She actively manages the property. Her deductible loss is A) $0. B) $13,500. C) $25,000. D) $27,000. 68) Brandon, a single taxpayer, had a loss of $48,000 from a rental real estate activity in which he actively participated. He also had $27,000 of income from another rental real estate activity in which he actively participated. He acquired both investments in 2014. If Brandon has no other passive income or losses and has adjusted gross income of $84,000 before considering passive activities, how much loss from rental activities can he use to offset his nonpassive income? A) $21,000 B) $24,000 C) $25,000 D) $45,000 69) Which of the following is most likely not considered a casualty? A) fire loss B) water damage caused by a busted water heater C) death of a pine tree due to a two-day infestation of pine beetles D) water damage to the walls and ceiling of a taxpayer's personal residence as the result of gradual deterioration of the roof 70) Nicole has a weekend home on Pecan Island that she purchased in 2005 for $250,000. Recently, the home was appraised at $260,000. After the appraisal, a hurricane hit Pecan Island, severely damaging Nicole's home. An appraisal placed the value of the home at $140,000 after the hurricane. Because of its prohibitive cost, Nicole had no hurricane insurance. Before any reductions or limitations, Nicole's casualty loss amount is A) $0. B) $10,000. C) $120,000. D) $140,000. 71) A fire totally destroyed office equipment and furniture which Monica uses in her business. The equipment had an adjusted basis of $15,000 and a FMV of $10,000 before the fire. The furniture's adjusted basis was $5,000 and its FMV was $2,000 before the fire. Monica's AGI for the year is $60,000. Monica does not have insurance on the destroyed assets. How much is Monica's deductible casualty loss? A) $5,900 B) $12,000 C) $13,900 D) $20,000 72) Lena owns a restaurant which was damaged by a tornado. The following assets were partially destroyed: Building Equipment Basis Reduction in FMV Insurance Payment $150,000 $200,000 $100,000 $30,000 $20,000 $10,000 Lena has AGI of $50,000. What is the amount of Lena's deductible casualty loss? A) $54,900 B) $60,000 C) $70,000 D) $180,000 73) Leonard owns a hotel which was damaged by a hurricane. The hotel had an adjusted basis of $1,000,000 before the hurricane. A recent appraisal determined that the hotel's FMV was $1,500,000 before the hurricane and $700,000 afterwards. Leonard received insurance proceeds of $500,000. His AGI is $60,000. What is the amount of his deductible casualty loss? A) $293,900 B) $300,000 C) $793,900 D) $800,000 74) Jarrett owns a mountain chalet that he purchased in 2008 for $175,000. This year, the home appraised at $300,000. Shortly after the appraisal, a blizzard hit the area in spring of the current year, destroying trees and severely damaging several homes, including Jarrett's chalet. Its value was reduced to $135,000. Jarrett does not have insurance. Jarrett's AGI is $200,000. Jarrett's deductible loss after limitations is A) $135,000. B) $144,900. C) $164,900. D) $165,000. 75) Hope sustained a $3,600 casualty loss due to a severe storm. She also incurred a $800 loss from a theft in the same year. Both the casualty and theft involved personal-use property. Hope's AGI for the year is $25,000 and she does not have insurance coverage. Hope's deductible casualty loss is A) $1,700. B) $1,800. C) $4,200. D) $4,300. 76) In the current year, Marcus reports the following casualty gains and losses on personal-use property. Assets X and Y are destroyed in the first casualty while Z is destroyed in a second casualty. Asset X Y Z Reduction Adjusted Holding in FMV Basis Insurance Period $8,000 $2,000 $7,000 2 years 3,000 5,000 2,000 10 months 2,500 1,300 1,000 8 months As a result of these losses and insurance recoveries, Marcus must report A) a net gain of $3,700. B) a long-term gain of $4,900 on asset X; a short-term capital loss of $900 on asset Y; and a short-term capital loss of $200 on asset Z. C) a long-term capital gain of $5,000 on asset X; a short-term capital loss of $900 on asset Y; and a short-term capital loss of $200 on asset Z. D) a long-term capital gain of $5,000 on asset X; a short-term capital loss of $900 on asset Y; and a short-term capital loss of $300 on asset Z. 77) Wesley completely demolished his personal automobile in a car accident. Damage to the auto was estimated at $35,000. Wesley had purchased the car a few years ago for $60,000. He received an insurance reimbursement of $28,000. His adjusted gross income this year was $55,000 and he incurred no other losses during the year. What amount can he deduct as a casualty loss on his income tax return after limitations? A) $1,400 B) $1,500 C) $6,900 D) $7,000 78) A flood damaged an auto owned by Mr. and Mrs. South on June 15 of this year. The car was only used for personal purposes. Fair market value before the flood Fair market value after the flood Cost basis Insurance proceeds Adjusted gross income for this year Business use of auto $18,500 2,000 20,000 13,000 25,000 0 Based on these facts, what is the amount of the South's casualty loss deduction after limitations for this year? A) $900 B) $1,000 C) $4,400 D) $4,500 79) In February 2014, Amelia's home, which originally cost $150,000, is damaged by a windstorm. Amelia had refinanced the home shortly before the storm, and it was appraised at $200,000. After the storm, the home appraised at $120,000. Amelia has received no insurance reimbursement by December 31, but expects to recover 90 percent of the loss. In the subsequent year, the insurance company pays Amelia $50,000. Amelia's AGI is $85,000 in 2014, and her 2015 AGI is $80,000. Amelia suffers no other casualty losses in either year. Amelia may deduct A) $7,900 in 2014. B) $22,000 in 2015. C) $13,900 in 2015. D) $14,000 in 2015. 80) This summer, Rick's home (which has a basis of $80,000) is damaged by a tornado. An appraisal by a realtor placed the FMV of the home at $120,000 before the tornado and at $85,000 after the tornado. Rick estimates that the insurance company will reimburse him for 60% of the loss. Next year, the insurance company pays Rick $20,000. Rick's current year's AGI is $50,000 and his next year's AGI is $55,000. Rick suffers no other casualty losses in either year. After limitations, Rick may deduct a casualty loss this year of A) $ 8,900. B) $ 9,900. C) $15,000. D) $35,000. 81) Juanita, who is single, is in an automobile accident in 2014 and her car sustains $6,200 in damages. Because both drivers received tickets in the accident, Juanita does not expect to recover any of the loss from her insurance company. Juanita's 2014 AGI is $31,000, and she deducts a $3,000 loss on her 2014 tax return. Her other itemized deductions in 2014 exceed $12,000. In 2015, Juanita's insurance company reimburses her $2,800. Juanita's 2015 AGI is $28,000. As a result, Juanita must A) amend 2014 to show a $200 loss. B) do nothing and simply keep the $2,800. C) do nothing to the 2014 return but report $2,800 of income on her 2015 return. D) amend the 2014 return to show $0 loss and file her 2015 return to show a $200 loss. 82) Constance, who is single, is in an automobile accident in 2014, and her car sustains $6,200 in damages. Because both drivers received tickets in the accident, Constance does not expect to recover any of the loss from her insurance company. Constance's 2014 AGI is $31,000. Her casualty loss is $3,000; she has other itemized deductions of $1,200. In 2015, Constance's insurance company reimburses her $2,800. Constance's 2015 AGI is $28,000. As a result, Constance must A) amend the 2015 return to show the $200 loss. B) do nothing and simply keep the $2,800. C) amend the 2014 return to show $0 loss and file her 2015 return to show $200 loss. D) do nothing to the 2014 return but report $2,800 of income on her 2015 return. 83) Last year, Abby loaned Pat $10,000 as a gesture of their friendship. Although Pat had signed a note payable that contained interest payments and a maturity date, the loan had not been repaid this year when Pat died insolvent. For this year, assuming that the loan was bona fide, Abby should account for nonpayment of the loan as a(n) A) itemized deduction. B) ordinary loss. C) long-term capital loss. D) short-term capital loss. 84) In October 2014, Jonathon Remodeling Co., an accrual-method taxpayer, remodels and renovates an office building for Dale and bills him $30,000. Dale signs a note for the debt. Dale keeps delaying payment and files bankruptcy in 2015. Creditors are informed that no assets are available for payment. Jonathon Remodeling Co. will report A) $0 income in both years. B) $30,000 income in 2014 and a bad debt deduction of $30,000 in 2015. C) $30,000 income in 2014 and a STCL of $30,000 in 2015 limited to $3,000 after netting. D) $30,000 income in 2014 and then must amend last year's return to show $0 income when advised of the bankruptcy. 85) Martha, an accrual-method taxpayer, has an accounting practice. In 2013, she performs tax analyses for Arnold and sends him an invoice for $10,000. In 2014, Martha sells her practice and all accounts to David. Arnold's debt becomes worthless that year after David has purchased the practice. The result is A) Martha deducts a nonbusiness bad debt in 2014. B) Martha deducts a business bad debt in 2014. C) David deducts a business bad debt in 2014. D) David deducts a nonbusiness bad debt in 2014. 86) Vera has a key supplier for her business who was facing cash flow problems which would impair Vera's ability to get shipments of key components for her production. Vera made a $10,000 loan to the supplier. Unfortunately the supplier filed for bankruptcy and has gone out of business without repaying Vera. Vera will be able to recognize a loss of A) $10,000. B) $3,000. C) $7,000. D) 0. 87) In 2013 Grace loaned her friend Paula $12,000 to invest in various stocks. Paula signed a note to repay the principal with interest. Unfortunately the market for that industry sector plunged, and Paula incurred large losses. In 2014 Paula declared personal bankruptcy and Grace was unable to collect any of her loan. Grace had no other gains or losses last year or this year. The result is A) Grace deducts a business bad debt of $12,000 in 2014. B) Grace deducts a $12,000 nonbusiness bad debt as a short-term capital loss in 2014. C) Grace deducts a $3,000 nonbusiness bad debt as a short-term capital loss in 2014 and carries $9,000 over to subsequent years. D) Grace deducts a business bad debt of $3,000 in 2014 and carries $9,000 over to subsequent years. 88) Which of the following expenses or losses could create a net operating loss for an individual taxpayer? A) large losses on sales of investment assets B) an operating loss from a sole proprietorship C) large charitable contributions D) all of the above 89) An individual taxpayer has negative taxable income for the year. In calculating the net operating loss created, which of the following expenses or losses will be added back to the negative taxable income? A) capital losses B) personal and dependency exemptions C) nonbusiness deductions in excess of nonbusiness income D) all of the above 90) A taxpayer incurs a net operating loss in the current year. With respect to the application of the NOL, A) the taxpayer will carry back the NOL three years first, then carry forward any balance for five years. B) the taxpayer must carry forward the loss and has up to 20 years to use it. C) the taxpayer can carry forward the loss indefinitely until there is sufficient taxable income to use it up. D) the taxpayer will first carry back the NOL for two years, then carryforward the balance for a period of 20 years, or the taxpayer can elect to only carry forward the loss for the 20-year allowable period. 91) Kendal reports the following income and loss: Salary $120,000 Income from activity A 36,000 Loss from activity B ( 30,000) Loss from activity C ( 60,000) Activities A, B, and C are all passive activities, but none are rental properties. What is the amount of the suspended loss attributable to each activity? 92) During the year, Patricia realized $10,000 of taxable income from activity A, $4,000 loss from activity B, and $6,000 of taxable income from activity C. All three activities are passive activities with regard to Patricia, but are not rental properties. In addition, $32,000 of passive losses from activity C is carried over from prior years. During the current year, Patricia sells activity C for an $18,000 taxable gain. Patricia's salary for the year is $100,000. What is the amount of Patricia's deduction against salary income? 93) Hersh realized the following income and loss this year: Net taxable income from chocolate shop $50,000 Interest income 10,000 Loss from passive activity (not a rental property) (58,000) a. Assume Hersh is an individual taxpayer and the chocolate shop is his sole proprietorship. Determine Hersh's AGI and any carryovers. b. Assume the taxpayer is Hersh Inc., a C corporation, owned 100% by the Hersh family. Determine Hersh Inc.'s taxable income and any carryovers. 94) Adam owns interests in partnerships A and B, both of which are Publicly Traded Partnerships. During the current year, Adam's share of the income from A is $12,000. Adam's share of B's loss is $3,500. B also generates portfolio income of which Adam's share is $2,000. What are the tax consequences of these income and loss items? 95) Parveen is married and files a joint return. He reports the following items of income and loss for the year: Salary Activity A (passive) Activity B (nonbusiness rental real estate) $ 135,000 13,000 ( 45,000) If Parveen actively participates in the management of Activity B, what is his AGI for the year and what is the passive loss carryover to next year? 96) Aretha has AGI of less than $100,000 and a 25% marginal tax rate. During the year, she reports a $36,000 loss from Activity A and a $24,000 loss from Activity B. Additionally, Activity A generates $8,000 of tax credits. Both activities A and B are passive real estate rental activities in which Anita actively participates and owns over 10% of each activity. a. How much loss can be recognized from each activity? b. What is the amount of Aretha's suspended loss from each activity? c. How much of the tax credits can be applied this year? 97) Wes owned a business which was destroyed by fire in May 2014. Details of his losses follow: Asset A B C Adj. Basis $1,000 15,000 2,400 FMV Before $2,000 10,000 5,000 FMV After $0 3,000 2,500 Insurance Reimbursement $2,000 2,000 1,000 His AGI without consideration of the casualty is $45,000. What is Wes's net casualty loss deduction for 2013? 98) Determine the net deductible casualty loss on the Schedule A for Alan Michael when his adjusted gross income was $40,000 in 2014 and the following occurred: Asset A B C Adj. Basis $1,200 14,000 600 FMV Before $2,000 12,000 3,000 FMV After $ 500 5,000 2,775 Insurance Reimbursement $ 100 1,100 125 A and B were destroyed in the same casualty in March. C was destroyed in a separate casualty in July. All casualty losses were nonbusiness personal use property losses and none occurred in a federally declared disaster area. What is the amount of the net deductible casualty loss? 99) Frank loaned Emma $5,000 in 2012 with the agreement that the loan would be repaid in three years. In 2013, Emma filed for bankruptcy and based on available information from the bankruptcy court, it was estimated that Frank could expect to receive $.65 on the dollar. In 2014, final settlement was made and Frank received $600. a. Assuming the loan is a business bad debt, what is the amount of and the nature of Frank's deduction in 2013? b. Assuming the loan is a business bad debt, what is the amount of and the nature of Frank's deduction in 2014? c. Assuming instead that the loan is a nonbusiness bad debt, what is the amount of and the nature of Frank's deduction in 2013 and 2014? 100) Becky, a single individual, reports the following taxable items in 2014: Gross income from business Minus: Business expenses $ 93,000 ( 105,000) ($ 12,000) 1,500 ($ 10,500) Interest income AGI Itemized deductions: Interest expense State Income Taxes Casualty Total itemized deductions Minus: Personal exemption Taxable income What is Barbara's NOL for the year? $ 3,100 1,900 3,000 ( 8,000) ( 3,950) ($22,450) 101) Harley, a single individual, provided you with the following information for this year: Income: Salary from part-time employment Interest income from savings Net long-term capital gain from investment property Deductions: Net business loss (sales of $100,000 less expenses of $130,000) Personal exemption Standard deduction Net-operating loss carryover from last year $ 16,000 1,000 3,000 ($30,000) ( 3,950) ( 6,200) ( 3,000) What is the amount of Harley's net operating loss for this year? 102) Businesses can recognize a loss on abandoned property. What types of factors would indicate that property had been abandoned? 103) What must an individual taxpayer prove to receive a worthless security deduction? 104) Erin, a single taxpayer, has 1,000 shares of 1244 stock she purchased directly from AAA Corporation for $120,000 five years ago. The stock has a FMV of $30,000, and Erin is thinking of selling the stock. She has no other capital gains or losses for the year. Discuss the tax consequences and planning opportunities relating to selling the stock. 105) Why was Section 1244 enacted by Congress? Specifically, consider and discuss some of the individual qualifying requirements of Sec. 1244. 106) Why did Congress enact restrictions and limitations on losses from passive activities? 107) What is required for an individual to be considered as actively participating in a real estate activity for purposes of utilizing the $25,000 ceiling on rental real estate losses? 108) What is or are the standards that must be present to warrant a casualty loss deduction? 109) A taxpayer suffers a casualty loss on personal-use property for which he has insurance coverage. However, to avoid a premium adjustment, the taxpayer fails to make a timely claim. In this situation is the full deduction for the casualty, after the normal floors, available to the taxpayer? Why or why not? 110) If a loan has been made to a related party, what are some considerations for determining whether the loan is a bona fide debt or is, in fact, merely a gift? 111) Distinguish between the accrual-method taxpayer and the cashmethod taxpayer with regard to basis in a receivable. 112) What are some factors which indicate that a debt may be worthless? 113) If an NOL is incurred, when would a taxpayer elect to forgo the carryback period and only carry the loss deduction forward? 114) How is a claim for refund of taxes filed by an individual who carries an NOL deduction back to a prior year? Chapter 9 Employee Expenses and Deferred Compensation 1) Deferred compensation refers to methods of compensating employees based upon their current service where the benefits are deferred until future periods. 2) If an individual is self-employed, business-related expenses are deductions for AGI. 3) Unreimbursed employee business expenses are deductions for AGI. 4) An employer-employee relationship exists where the employer has the right to control and direct the individual providing services with regard to the end result and the means by which the result is accomplished. 5) A nondeductible floor of 2% of AGI is imposed on unreimbursed employee business expenses, investment expenses, and many other miscellaneous itemized deductions such as tax preparation fees. 6) Gambling losses are miscellaneous itemized deductions subject to the 2% of AGI floor. 7) Personal travel expenses are deductible as miscellaneous itemized deductions subject to the 2% of AGI floor. 8) The deduction for unreimbursed transportation expenses for employees is subject to the 2% of AGI floor. 9) If an individual is not "away from home," expenses related to local transportation are never deductible. 10) Jason, who lives in New Jersey, owns several apartment buildings in Baltimore. His travel expenses to Baltimore to inspect his property are tax deductible. 11) According to the IRS, a person's tax home is the location of the family residence regardless of the location of the taxpayer's principal place of employment. 12) In determining whether travel expenses are deductible, a general rule is that if a person is reassigned for an indefinite period, the individual's tax home shifts to the new location and travel expenses are not deductible. 13) Travel expenses related to temporary work assignments of one year or less are deductible. 14) If the purpose of a trip is primarily personal and only secondarily related to business, the transportation costs to and from the destination are deductible. 15) Incremental expenses of an additional night's lodging and additional day's meals that are incurred to obtain "excursion" air fare rates with respect to employees whose business travel extends over Saturday night are not deductible business expenses. 16) Travel expenses for a taxpayer's spouse are deductible if the spouse is an employee, the travel is for a bona fide purpose, and the expenses are otherwise deductible. 17) Travel expenses related to foreign conventions are disallowed unless the meeting is directly related to the taxpayer's business or is employment related and it is reasonable for the meeting to be held outside of North America. 18) Commuting to and from a job location is a deductible expense. 19) Transportation expenses incurred to travel from one job to another are deductible if a taxpayer has more than one job. 20) Taxpayers may use the standard mileage rate method when five vehicles are used simultaneously for business. 21) If the standard mileage rate is used in the first year, the actual expense method may not be used in future years. 22) A taxpayer goes out of town to a business convention. The 50% reduction applies to the cost of food, entertainment and transportation expenses. 23) Self-employed individuals receive a for AGI deduction for 50% of entertainment expenses paid or incurred in the trade or business. 24) If an employee incurs business-related entertainment expenses that are fully reimbursed, it is the employer who is subject to the 50% limitation. 25) A tax adviser takes a client to a major league hockey game following the conclusion of a meeting involving the signing of a major planning engagement. As it is not "directly related," the entertainment cannot be deductible. 26) "Associated with" entertainment expenditures generally must occur on the same day that business is discussed. 27) Dues paid to social or athletic clubs are deductible if they meet a primary-use test, requiring that more than 50% of the use of the facility be for business purposes. 28) Generally, 50% of the cost of business gifts is deductible up to $25 per donee per year. 29) A gift from an employee to his or her superior does not qualify as a business gift. 30) An accountant takes her client to a hockey game following a business meeting. Because it is a playoff game, and the tickets were purchased that day, a premium was paid. The deduction for the tickets is limited to 50% of the face value. 31) If an employee incurs travel expenditures and is fully reimbursed by the employer, neither the reimbursement nor the deduction is reported on the employee's tax return if reporting is pursuant to an accountable plan. 32) Kim currently lives in Buffalo and works in Rochester, a 60-mile commute each way. Kim accepts a new job in a town outside of Rochester, and the new commute is 75-miles each way. Kim decides the commute for the new job is too long, and she moves to Rochester. Kim is eligible to deduct her moving expenses. 33) Deductible moving expenses include the cost of moving household goods and personal effects as well as temporary living expenses. 34) When a public school system requires advanced education for a teacher to continue employment, the teacher's expenses are a deductible education expense. 35) Educational expenses incurred by a CPA for courses necessary to meet continuing education requirements are fully deductible. 36) Educational expenses incurred by a bookkeeper for courses necessary to sit for the CPA exam are fully deductible. 37) In-home office expenses are deductible if the office is used exclusively on a regular basis as the principal place of business for any trade or business of the taxpayer. 38) In addition to the general requirements for in-home office expenses, employees must also prove that the exclusive use of the office is for the convenience of the employer. 39) In-home office expenses for an office used by the taxpayer for administrative or management activities of the taxpayer's trade or business are never deductible. 40) In-home office expenses which are not deductible in the year in which the costs were incurred due to limitations may be carried forward to subsequent years. 41) An employer receives an immediate tax deduction for pension and profit-sharing contributions made on behalf of employees. 42) In a defined contribution pension plan, fixed amounts are contributed based upon a specific formula and retirement benefits are based on the value of a participant's account at the time of retirement. 43) A qualified pension plan requires that employer-provided benefits must be 100 percent vested after five years of service. 44) Under a qualified pension plan, the employer's deduction is usually deferred until the employee recognizes income. 45) Nonqualified deferred compensation plans can discriminate in favor of highly compensated executives. 46) Corporations issuing incentive stock options receive a tax deduction for compensation expense. 47) Employees receiving nonqualified stock options recognize ordinary income at the grant date or exercise date if there is a readily ascertainable fair market value. 48) A sole proprietor establishes a Keogh plan. The highest effective percentage of earned income she can contribute is 25 percent. 49) SIMPLE retirement plans allow a higher level of employer contributions than do SEP IRAs. 50) The maximum tax deductible contribution to a traditional IRA in 2014 is $5,500 ($6,500 for a taxpayer age 50 or over). 51) The maximum tax deductible contribution to a Roth IRA in 2014 is $5,500 ($6,500 for a taxpayer age 50 or over). 52) A contributor may make a deductible contribution to a Coverdell Education Savings Account for a qualified designated beneficiary of up to $2,000. 53) All taxpayers are allowed to contribute funds to Health Savings Accounts to supplement their health insurance. 54) In which of the following situations is the individual is an independent contractor rather than an employee? A) a nurse who is directly supervised by doctors in an office B) a computer programmer who is instructed as to what projects to undertake, programming language and format, and hours of work C) a nurse who travels to several different patients. She sets her own hours and is responsible for the delivery of nursing care and end result D) a teacher whose hours, classroom responsibilities, content and methods of instruction are established by the school 55) Which of the following statements regarding independent contractors and employees is true (ignore temporary provisions)? A) Independent contractors pay Social Security and Medicare tax of 15.3%. B) Employees must pay unemployment taxes. C) Independent contractors and employees pay the same Social Security and Medicare tax rates. D) Independent contractors deduct their business expenses "from AGI." 56) West's adjusted gross income was $90,000. During the current year he incurred and paid the following: Publications (unreimbursed and related to employment) Tax return preparation fee Dues to professional organizations Fees for will preparation (no tax advice) Life insurance premiums $2,000 1,000 1,500 800 1,400 Assuming he can itemize deductions, how much should West claim as miscellaneous itemized deductions (after limitations have been applied)? A) $2,700 B) $4,500 C) $3,500 D) $5,300 57) Allison, who is single, incurred $4,000 for unreimbursed employee expenses, $10,000 for mortgage interest and real estate taxes on her home, and $500 for investment counseling fees. Allison's AGI is $80,000. Allison's allowable deductions from AGI are (after limitations have been applied) A) $10,500. B) $12,900. C) $14,000. D) $14,500. 58) All of the following are allowed a "For AGI" deduction except: A) Cora owns her own CPA firm and travels from Lafayette, LA. to Washington, D.C. to attend a tax conference. B) Jennifer, who lives in Houston, is the owner or several apartment buildings in Salt Lake City and travels there to inspect and manage her investments. C) Alan is self-employed and is away from home overnight on job-related business. D) Alison is an employee who is required to travel to company facilities throughout the U.S. in the conduct of her management responsibilities. She is not reimbursed by her employer. 59) Ron is a university professor who accepts a visiting position at another university for six months and obtains a leave of absence from his current employer. Ron rents an apartment near the university and purchases his food. These living expenses incurred by Ron while visiting the university will be A) deductible for AGI. B) deductible from AGI, without application of a floor. C) deductible from AGI, subject to the 2% of AGI floor. D) nondeductible. 60) Gwen traveled to New York City on a business trip for her employer. Gwen spent 4 days in business meetings and conferences and then spent 2 days sightseeing in the area. Gwen's plane fare for the trip was $250. Meals cost $160 per day. Hotels and other incidental expenses amounted to $250 per day. Gwen was not reimbursed by her employer for any expenses. Her AGI for the year is $50,000 and she itemizes but has no other miscellaneous itemized deductions. Gwen may deduct (after limitations) A) $570. B) $890. C) $1,890. D) $1,570. 61) Norman traveled to San Francisco for four days on vacation, and while there spent another two days conducting business for his employer. Norman's plane fare for the trip was $500; meals cost $150 per day; hotels cost $300 per day; and a rental car cost $150 per day that was used for all six days. Norman was not reimbursed by his employer for any expenses. Norman's AGI for the year is $40,000 and he did not have any other miscellaneous itemized deductions. Norman may deduct (after limitations) A) $250. B) $800. C) $1,050. D) $1,200. 62) Gayle, a doctor with significant investments in the stock market, traveled on a cruise ship to Bermuda. Investment specialists provided daily seminars which Gayle attended. The cost of the cruise for four days is $2,500. Gayle can deduct (before application of any floors) A) $0. B) $1,250. C) $2,000. D) $2,500. 63) Chelsea, who is self-employed, drove her automobile a total of 20,000 business miles in 2014. This represents about 75% of the auto's use. She has receipts as follows: Parking (business only) Tolls (business only) Repairs $500 200 $1,000 Chelsea has an AGI for the year of $50,000. Chelsea uses the standard mileage rate method. After application of any relevant floors or other limitations, she can deduct A) $10,900. B) $11,900. C) $11,750. D) $12,900. 64) Brittany, who is an employee, drove her automobile a total of 20,000 business miles in 2014. This represents about 75% of the auto's use. She has receipts as follows: Parking (business only) Tolls (business only) Repairs $500 200 $1,000 Brittany's AGI for the year of $50,000, and her employer does not provide any reimbursement. She uses the standard mileage rate method. After application of any relevant floors or other limitations, Brittany can deduct A) $10,900. B) $11,900. C) $10,750. D) $12,900. 65) Rajiv, a self-employed consultant, drove his auto 20,000 miles this year, 15,000 to meetings with clients and 5,000 for commuting and personal use. The cost of operating the auto for the year was as follows: Gasoline and repairs Insurance Depreciation $7,000 1,000 4,000 Rajiv's AGI is $100,000 before considering the auto costs. Rajiv has used the actual cost method in the past. What is Rajiv's deduction for the use of the auto after application of all relevant limitations? A) $8,325 B) $9,000 C) $6,325 D) $7,000 66) Jordan, an employee, drove his auto 20,000 miles this year, 15,000 to meetings with clients and 5,000 for commuting and personal use. The cost of operating the auto for the year was as follows: Gasoline and repairs Insurance Depreciation $7,000 1,000 4,000 Jordan submitted appropriate reports to his employer, and the employer paid a reimbursement of $ .50 per mile. Jordan has used the actual cost method in the past. Jordan's AGI is $50,000. What is Jordan's deduction for the use of the auto after application of all relevant limitations? A) $1,500 B) $500 C) $1,000 D) $8,000 67) Sarah incurred employee business expenses of $5,000 consisting of $3,000 business meals and $2,000 customer entertainment. She provided an adequate accounting to her employer's accountable plan and received reimbursement for one-half of the total expenses. How much of the meals and entertainment will be deductible by Sarah without consideration of the 2% of AGI limit? A) $0 B) $1,250 C) $2,500 D) $5,000 68) Austin incurs $3,600 for business meals while traveling for his employer, Tex, Inc. Austin is reimbursed in full by Tex pursuant to an accountable plan. What amounts can Austin and Tex deduct? A) Austin $0 Tex $1,800 B) Austin $0 Tex $3,600 C) Austin $1,800 Tex $1,800 D) Austin $3,600 Tex $0 69) Joe is a self-employed tax attorney who frequently entertains his clients at his country club. Joe's club expenses include the following: Annual dues Initiation fees Charges for personal meals with his family Meal and entertainment charges related to business use $ 5,400 1,200 3,100 4,000 Assuming the business meals and entertainment qualify as deductible entertainment expenses, Joe may deduct A) $2,000. B) $4,700. C) $5,300. D) $4,000. 70) Shane, an employee, makes the following gifts, none of which are reimbursed: Shane's manager Shane's personal assistant 4 customers ($27 each) $30 40 108 What amount of the gifts is deductible before application of the 2% of AGI floor for miscellaneous itemized deductions? A) $125 B) $150 C) $75 D) $178 71) Steven is a representative for a textbook publishing company. Steven attends a convention which will also be attended by many potential customers. During the week of the convention, Steven incurs the following costs in entertaining potential customers. Meal costs Entertainment of customers $ 1,500 3,500 Having recently been to a company seminar on the new tax laws, Steven makes sure that business is discussed at the various dinners, and that the entertainment is on the same day as the meetings with customers. Steven is reimbursed $2,000 by his employer under an accountable plan. Steven's AGI for the year is $50,000, and while he itemizes deductions, he has no other miscellaneous itemized deductions. What is the amount and character of Steven's deduction after any limitations? A) $500 from AGI B) $500 for AGI C) $2,000 from AGI D) $2,000 for AGI 72) Matt is a sales representative for a local company. He entertains customers as part of his job. During the current year he spends $3,000 on business entertainment. The company provides him an expense allowance of $2,000 under a nonaccountable plan. How will Matt treat the $2,000 partial reimbursement and the $3,000 entertainment expense? A) He will deduct the $1,000 net expense as a miscellaneous itemized deduction, subject to the 2% of AGI floor. B) He will deduct $500 of the net expense as a miscellaneous itemized deduction, subject to the 2% of AGI floor. C) He will recognize $2,000 of income and deduct $3,000 as a miscellaneous itemized deduction, subject to the 2% of AGI floor. D) He will recognize $2,000 of income and deduct $1,500 as a miscellaneous itemized deduction, subject to the 2% of AGI floor. 73) Donald takes a new job and moves to a new residence. The distances are as follows: Old residence to new job Old residence to old job 70 miles 8 miles By how many miles does the move exceed the minimum distance requirement for the moving expense deduction? A) 12 miles B) 20 miles C) 62 miles D) none of the above 74) In which of the following situations is the taxpayer not allowed a deduction for moving expenses? A) Pam moves from Phoenix to Los Angeles to take a new job. She works at the Los Angeles job for 45 weeks before starting a new job in Las Vegas. B) Paul moves from Boston to Miami to start a new business selling tshirts. The business is not successful and Paul returns to Boston after 52 weeks. C) Phyllis opens a coffee bar after moving from Seattle to San Francisco. She still owns the coffee bar and lives in San Francisco 90 weeks after her move. D) Marva moves from Dallas to Washington D.C. in her job as an IRS agent. She is still working at the IRS Washington office after one year. 75) Bill obtained a new job in Boston. He incurred the following moving expenses: Transportation of household goods and personal effects Cost of transporting Bill's family House-hunting trip Payments to lessor to cancel a lease $2,600 2,000 1,700 500 Assuming Bill is entitled to deduct moving expenses, what is the amount of the deduction? A) $2,600 B) $4,600 C) $6,300 D) $6,800 76) Ron obtained a new job and moved from Houston to Washington. He incurred the following moving expenses: Transportation of household goods $3,200 House-hunting trips 1,500 Temporary living expenses (20 days) 3,400 Commissions on new lease 500 Costs of settling old lease 250 Mileage for personal automobile 1,400 miles Assuming Ron is eligible to deduct his moving expenses, what is the amount of the deduction? A) $3,529 B) $6,600 C) $9,179 D) $3,984 77) Edward incurs the following moving expenses: Direct moving expenses Indirect moving expense $4,000 6,000 The employer reimburses Edward for the full $10,000. What is the amount to be reported as income by Edward? A) $0 B) $4,000 C) $6,000 D) $10,000 78) All of the following may deduct education expenses except: A) Richard is a self-employed dentist who incurs expenses to attend a convention on new techniques in oral surgery. B) Paige is an accountant who incurs expenses to take a CPA exam review course. C) Hope is a business executive who incurs expenses to pursue an MBA degree. D) Marvin is a high school teacher who incurs expenses for education courses to meet new course requirements to maintain his job. 79) The following individuals maintained offices in their home: (1) Dr. Austin is a self-employed surgeon who performs surgery at four hospitals. He uses his home for administrative duties as he does not have an office in any of the hospitals. (2) June, who is a self-employed plumber, earns her living in her customer's homes. She maintains an office at home where she bills clients and does other paperwork related to her plumbing business. (3) Cassie, who is an employee of Montgomery Electrical, is provided an office at the work but does significant administrative work at home. Her employer does not require her to do extra work but she feels it is necessary. Who is entitled to a home office deduction? A) Dr Austin B) Dr. Austin and June C) Cassie and June D) All of the taxpayers are entitled to a deduction. 80) Alex is a self-employed dentist who operates a qualifying office in his home. Alex has $180,000 gross income from his practice and $160,000 of expenses directly related to the business, i.e., non-home office expenses. Alex's allocable home office expenses for mortgage interest expenses and property taxes are $14,000 and other home office expenses are $9,000. What is Alex's total allowable home office deduction? A) $9,000 B) $14,000 C) $20,000 D) $23,000 81) Charles is a self-employed CPA who maintains a qualifying office in his home. Charles has $110,000 gross income from his practice and incurs $88,000 in salaries, supplies, computer services, etc. Charles's mortgage interest and real estate taxes allocable to the office total $10,000. Other expenses total $14,000 and consist of depreciation, utilities, insurance, and maintenance. What is Charles' total home office expense deduction? A) $10,000 B) $14,000 C) $22,000 D) $24,000 82) In a contributory defined contribution pension plan, all of the following are true with the exception of A) a separate account is established for each participant. B) both the employee and employer can make contributions to the plan. C) amounts are contributed to the plan based upon a specific formula. D) retirement benefits are a fixed amount based on the level of compensation earned by the employee during the working years. 83) Characteristics of profit-sharing plans include all of the following with the exception of: A) A predetermined formula is used to allocate employer contributions to individual employees and to establish benefit payments. B) Forfeitures of benefits under the plan may be reallocated to the remaining participants. C) The company must make contributions to the plan if it has profits during the year. D) Annual employer contributions are not required, but substantial, recurring contributions must be made to satisfy the requirement that the plan be permanent. 84) Ross works for Houston Corporation, which has a contributory defined contribution pension plan. The employer's monthly contribution to the plan is 8 percent of each participating employee's monthly salary, while the employee contributes only 6 percent. Ross's monthly salary is $3,000. Which of the following statements best describes the benefits of the plan? A) Houston receives a deduction for its contributions to the plan when Ross receives a distribution from the plan. B) While Ross is taxed on the employer's contributions to the plan, his own contributions are not taxed until he receives a distribution from the plan. C) Ross may deduct his own contributions to the pension plan, and Ross reports income from the plan each year until he receives distributions from the plan. D) The earnings on amounts contributed to the plan are not taxed to Ross until he retires or receives a distribution from the plan. 85) Sam retired last year and will receive annuity payments for life from his employer's qualified retirement plan of $30,000 per year starting this year. During his years of employment, Sam contributed $130,000 to the plan on an after-tax basis. Based on IRS tables, his life expectancy is 260 months. All of the contributions were on a pre-tax basis. This year, Sam will include what amount in income? A) 0 B) $6,000 C) $24,000 D) $30,000 86) Hunter retired last year and will receive annuity payments for life from his employer's qualified retirement plan of $30,000 per year starting this year. During his years of employment, Hunter contributed $130,000 to the plan. Based on IRS tables, his life expectancy is 260 months. All of the contributions were on a pre-tax basis. This year, Hunter will include what amount in income? A) $0 B) $6,000 C) $24,000 D) $30,000 87) Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding unfunded deferred compensation plans? A) The employee is not taxed on the compensation amount when it is deposited in an escrow account. B) An accrual-basis employer can deduct the compensation amount when it is accrued in the year service. C) An employee is taxed when the amount is actually paid or made available. D) A 20% excise tax will apply if the employee can voluntarily elect to receive payment early. 88) Tobey receives 1,000 shares of YouDog! stock as part of his compensation package. Tobey's employment contract with YouDog!, Inc. states that if he leaves before completion of three years of employment, he will forfeit the stock. The stock currently has a fair market value of $12 per share. Which of the following statements regarding Tobey's choices is not true? A) Tobey does not have to recognize any income from receiving the stock until his rights to the stock are fully vested. B) Tobey must report $12,000 as income due to the receipt of the stock in the current year. C) Tobey may elect to report the $12,000 FMV of the stock as ordinary income in the current year. D) If Tobey elects to report $12,000 as income in the current year and the stock price falls to $5 per share when his rights to the stock are vested, Tobey is not allowed to deduct a loss. 89) All of the following characteristics are true of an incentive stock option with the exception of A) the option price must be equal to or greater than the stock's FMV on the option's grant date. B) the employee cannot own more than ten percent of the voting power of the employer corporation's stock immediately prior to the option's grant date. C) the option must be granted within ten years from the date the plan is adopted and the employee must exercise the stock option within ten years from the grant date. D) there is no limit to the value of the options that become exercisable to an employee in a single year. 90) Wilson Corporation granted an incentive stock option to Reva on January 1, two years ago. The option price was $300, and the FMV of the Wilson stock was also $300 on the grant date. The option allowed Reva to purchase 150 shares of Wilson stock. Reva exercised the option on August 1, this year, when the stock's FMV was $400. Unless otherwise stated, assume Reva is a qualifying employee. The results of the above transactions to Reva will be A) no income to Reva on the grant date or exercise date but there is an alternative minimum tax adjustment item to Reva of $15,000. B) no income tax or alternative minimum tax effect for Reva. C) ordinary income to Reva on the exercise date of $15,000. D) capital gain to Reva on the exercise date of $15,000. 91) Mirasol Corporation granted an incentive stock option to employee Josephine two years ago. The option price was $150 and the FMV of the Mirasol stock was also $150 on the grant date. The option allowed Josephine to purchase 160 shares of Mirasol stock. Josephine exercised the option this year when the stock's FMV was $250. Unless otherwise stated, assume Josephine is a qualifying employee. The results of the above transactions to Mirasol Corporation will be A) no compensation deduction. B) a compensation deduction of $16,000 on the grant date. C) a tax preference item of $16,000 on the exercise date. D) a compensation deduction of $16,000 on the exercise date. 92) Martin Corporation granted an incentive stock option to employee Caroline on January 1, 2011. The option price was $150, and the FMV of the Martin stock was also $150 on the grant date. The option allowed Caroline to purchase 160 shares of Martin stock. Caroline exercised the option on August 1, 2013 when the stock's FMV was $250. Unless otherwise stated, assume Caroline is a qualifying employee. If Caroline sells the stock on September 5, 2014 for $350 per share, she must recognize (ignore alternative minimum tax) A) 0. No gain or loss is recognized at exercise or sale with incentive stock options. B) long-term capital gain of $16,000 in 2014. C) ordinary income of $16,000 on the exercise date and a long-term capital gain of $16,000 in 2014. D) long-term capital gain of $32,000 in 2014. 93) Jackson Corporation granted an incentive stock option to employee Caroline on January 1, two years ago. The option price was $150, and the FMV of the Jackson stock was also $150 on the grant date. The option allowed Caroline to purchase 160 shares of Jackson stock. Caroline exercised the option on August 1, 2013, when the stock's FMV was $250. Unless otherwise stated, assume Caroline is a qualifying employee. If Caroline sells the stock on July 5, 2014 for $400 per share, she must recognize A) long-term capital gain of $40,000 in the year of sale. B) long-term capital gain of $24,000 in the year of sale. C) ordinary income of $16,000 on the exercise date and a long-term capital gain of $24,000 in the year of sale. D) ordinary income of $16,000 and a short-term capital gain of $24,000 in the year of sale. 94) Martin Corporation granted a nonqualified stock option to employee Caroline on January 1, 2011. The option price was $150, and the FMV of the Martin stock was also $150 on the grant date. The option allowed Caroline to purchase 1,000 shares of Martin stock. The option itself does not have a readily ascertainable FMV. Caroline exercised the option on August 1, 2014 when the stock's FMV was $250. If Caroline sells the stock on September 5, 2015 for $300 per share, she must recognize A) 2014 $100,000 ordinary income B) 2014 0 C) 2014 $100,000 ordinary income D) 2014 0 2015 $50,000 LTCG 2015 $150,000 LTCG 2015 $50,000 ordinary income 2015 $150,000 ordinary income 95) Martin Corporation granted a nonqualified stock option to employee Caroline on January 1, 2011. The option price was $150, and the FMV of the Martin stock was also $150 on the grant date. The option allowed Caroline to purchase 1,000 shares of Martin stock. The option itself does not have a readily ascertainable FMV. Caroline exercised the option on August 1, 2014 when the stock's FMV was $250. Caroline sells the stock on September 5, 2015 for $300 per share. Martin Corporation will be allowed a deduction of A) $150,000 in 2011. B) $100,000 in 2014. C) $50,000 in 2015. D) $100,000 in 2014 and $50,000 in 2015. 96) A partnership plans to set up a retirement plan to benefit the partners and the employees. All of the following retirement plans are appropriate except A) an H.R. 10 (Keogh) plan. B) a SEP IRA. C) a SIMPLE plan. D) a Solo 401(k). 97) Frank is a self-employed CPA whose 2014 net earnings from his trade or business (before the H.R. 10 plan contribution but after the deduction for one-half of self-employment taxes) is $240,000. What is the maximum contribution that Frank can make on his behalf to his H.R. 10 (Keogh) plan in 2014? A) $65,000 B) $48,000 C) $52,000 D) $60,000 98) Tessa is a self-employed CPA whose 2014 net earnings from her business (before the H.R. 10 plan contribution but after the deduction for one-half of self-employment taxes) is $400,000. What is the maximum contribution that Tessa can make on her behalf to her H.R. 10 (Keogh) plan in 2014? A) $100,000 B) $80,000 C) $65,000 D) $52,000 99) Which of the following is true about H.R.10 (Keogh) plans? A) The plan must be established before the end of the tax year, and contributions must be made before the due date of the tax return, plus extensions. B) The plan must be established and contributions must be made before the end of the tax year. C) The plan must be established and contributions must be made before April 1. D) The plan must be established and contributions must be made before the due date of the tax return, plus extensions. 100) Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the SEP IRA? A) Both employers and employees can contribute to the plan. B) Contributions made by the due date of the tax return can be treated as made on the last day of the related tax year. C) Employer contributions must be nondiscriminatory. D) The maximum contribution for 2014 is $52,000. 101) Which statement is correct regarding SIMPLE retirement plans? A) SIMPLE plans are not subject to nondiscrimination rules. B) This plan can only be adopted by employers with 50 or fewer employees. C) Only the employer can contribute to the plan. D) Employer contributions must vest within three years. 102) Tyne is a 48-year-old an unmarried taxpayer who is not an active participant in an employer-sponsored qualified retirement plan. Before IRA contributions, her AGI is $63,000 in 2014. What is the maximum amount she may contribute to a tax deductible IRA? A) $ 0 B) $4,400 C) $5,500 D) $6,500 103) Hannah is a 52-year-old an unmarried taxpayer who is not an active participant in an employer-sponsored qualified retirement plan. Before IRA contributions, her AGI is $63,000 in 2014. What is the maximum amount she may contribute to a tax deductible IRA? A) $4,400 B) $5,200 C) $5,500 D) $6,500 104) H (age 50) and W (age 48) are married but only W is employed. She is not covered by a retirement plan at work. She earns $75,000 during the year and they have combined AGI of $78,000 before any IRA contribution. In 2014, the maximum amount together they may contribute to tax deductible IRAs is A) $5,500. B) $6,500. C) $11,000. D) $12,000. 105) Tyler (age 50) and Connie (age 48) are a married couple. Tyler is covered under a qualified retirement plan at his job and earned $175,000 in 2014. Connie is employed as a lab technician and earned $30,000 but is not covered under a qualified retirement plan. They file a joint return; have interest and dividend income of $30,000. What is their maximum for AGI deduction for contributions to a traditional IRA? A) $0 B) $5,500 C) $6,500 D) $12,000 106) Tucker (age 52) and Elizabeth (age 48) are a married couple. Tucker is covered under a qualified retirement plan at his job and earned $90,000 in 2014. Elizabeth is employed as a lab technician and earned $30,000 but is not covered under a qualified retirement plan. They file a joint return; have interest and dividend income of $25,000. What is the maximum amount of tax deductible contributions may be made to a traditional IRA? A) $0 B) $11,000 C) $5,500 D) $12,000 107) During 2014, Marcia, who is single and is covered under a pension plan at work, contributes $5,500 into a Roth IRA. If her AGI is $64,000, which of the following is true? A) All of the contribution is deductible. B) None of the contribution is deductible. C) She must withdraw all of the contribution immediately since she is covered under a plan at work. D) Only 60% of the contribution is deductible since her AGI exceeds $60,000 by $4,000 and her maximum contribution is phased out by 40%. 108) Feng, a single 40 year old lawyer, is covered by a qualified retirement at work. His salary is $109,000, and his total AGI is $123,000. The maximum contribution he can make to a Roth IRA in 2014 is A) 0. B) $3,300. C) $2,200. D) $5,500. 109) Which of the following is true about future qualified distributions from a Roth IRA by a person who will be 65 years old at the time the distributions begin? Assume the individual opened the account before age 60. A) The entire amount of the distributions will be tax-free. B) Only the accumulated earnings will be tax-free. C) Only the previous contributions will be tax-free. D) The entire amount of the distribution will be taxable. 110) All of the following are true with regard to a Roth IRA except A) contributions to Roth IRAs are subject to special modified AGI limitations that are higher than those for traditional IRAs. B) contributions to Roth IRAs are never tax deductible. C) contributions to Roth IRAs must cease after the owner has reached age 70 1/2. D) contributions to existing Roth IRAs must be made by the due date of the return. 111) Which of the following statements regarding Coverdell Education Savings Accounts is incorrect, disregarding any AGI limits? A) Distributions cannot be used for elementary and secondary education expenses. B) Distributions to the beneficiary are not taxable as long as they are used for tuition, fees, room and board. C) Contributions can be made until the beneficiary reaches 18. D) Contributors can make nondeductible contributions of up to $2,000 for each beneficiary. 112) Which of the following statements regarding Health Savings Accounts is incorrect? A) Taxpayers are allowed to deduct contributions to a health savings account for AGI. B) All taxpayers are eligible to establish a health savings account. C) Distributions from a health savings account are excluded from gross income if used to pay qualified medical expenses. D) Health savings account contributions are limited to the lesser of 100% of annual deductible under high deductible health plan or $3,300 for taxpayers without family coverage. 113) Which of the following conditions would generally not favor the rollover of an untaxed retirement fund (e.g. traditional IRA or 401(k) plan) to a Roth account? A) expected higher tax rates at retirement B) significant after-tax funds available to pay taxes C) an advanced age of the taxpayer D) All of the above create favorable conditions for a rollover to a Roth. 114) Richard traveled from New Orleans to New York for both business and vacation. He spent 4 days conducting business and some days vacationing. He incurred the following expenses: Airfare Lodging-per day Meals-per day Business Entertainment $460 175 100 800 What is his miscellaneous itemized deduction (before the floor), assuming Richard is an employee and is not reimbursed, under the following two circumstances? a. He spends three days on vacation, in addition to the business days. b. He spends six days on vacation, in addition to the business days. 115) David acquired an automobile for $30,000 for use in his unincorporated business in 2011 and used the standard mileage rate method in 2012 and 2013. He switches to the actual expense method for 2014. The automobile was used 25,000 miles in 2012 and 20,000 miles in 2013. What is the amount of the adjusted basis of the automobile for purposes of computing depreciation in 2014? 116) Sarah purchased a new car at the beginning of the year. She makes an adequate accounting to her employer and receives a $2,400 (12,000 miles × 20 cents per mile) reimbursement in 2014 for employmentrelated business miles. She incurs the following expenses related to both business and personal use: Gas and oil Repairs and maintenance Depreciation Insurance Total $6,000 2,500 3,000 1,800 $13,300 She also spent $200 on parking and tolls that were related to business. During the year she drove a total 20,000 miles. What are the possible amounts of Sarah's deductible transportation expenses? 117) Rita, a single employee with AGI of $100,000 before consideration of the items below, incurred the following expenses during the year, all of which were unreimbursed unless otherwise indicated: Transportation expenses for business trip $3,000 Registration fees for business conference 700 Business-related meals and entertainment 700 Country club dues (used 60% for business) 4,000 Local meals eaten alone during regular business hours after visiting client 400 Qualified moving expenses 1,000 Tax return preparation fees 900 Safe deposit box rental for stock certificates 50 In addition, Rita paid $300 for dues to her professional business association. The company reimbursed her after she submitted the appropriate documentation. What is Rita's net miscellaneous itemized deduction for the year after application of all relevant limitations? 118) Ellie, a CPA, incurred the following deductible education expenses to maintain or improve her skills: Travel and transportation Tuition Books Ellie's AGI for the year is $60,000. $1,700 6,000 800 a. If Ellie is self-employed, what are the amount of and the nature of the deduction for these expenses? b. If, instead, Ellie is an employee who is not reimbursed by his employer, what are the amount of and the nature of the deduction for these expenses (after limitations)? 119) Dighi, an artist, uses a room in his home (250 square feet) as a studio exclusively to paint. The studio meets the requirements for a home office deduction. (Painting is considered his trade or business.) The following information appears in Dighi's records: Revenue from sale of paintings $4,000 Expenses attributable to business of painting such as supplies Expenses related to home office: Property taxes on portion of home where he paints 900 Utilities, insurance, etc 700 Depreciation of portion of home 800 1,800 (a) What is the amount of Dighi's home office deduction if he is selfemployed? (b) If some amount is not allowed under the tax law, how is the disallowed amount treated? (c) Assume all of Dighi's records of expenses relating to the room were destroyed in a major paint spill. How much of a home office deduction, if any, will he be allowed? 120) Ruby Corporation grants stock options to Iris on February 1, 2013. The options do not have a readily ascertainable value. The option price is $100, and the FMV of the Ruby stock is also $100 on the grant date. The option allows Iris to purchase 200 shares of Ruby stock. Iris exercises the option on August 1, 2014, when the stock's FMV is $150. Iris sells the stock on December 5, 2015 for $400. Determine the amount and character (i.e. ordinary, LTCG or STCG) of income recognized by Iris and the deduction allowed Ruby Corporation in 2013, 2014 and 2015 under the following assumptions: a. The stock option is an incentive stock option. b. The stock option is a nonqualified stock option. 121) Tia is a 52-year-old an unmarried taxpayer who is an active participant in an employer-sponsored qualified retirement plan. Before IRA contributions, her AGI is $64,000 in 2014. a. What is the maximum amount she can contribute and the maximum deduction she can receive for a contribution to a traditional IRA? b. What is the maximum amount she can contribute and the maximum deduction she can receive for a contribution to a Roth IRA? Answer: 122) Raul and Jenna are married and are both working. They are both over age 50. Jenna participates in her employer's Sec. 401(k) plan and makes the maximum contribution and enjoys a company matching contribution. Raul's employer does not maintain a retirement plan so he would like to save as much as possible in a tax-advantaged manner for retirement. They expect to report $185,000 of AGI for 2014. a. What is the maximum amount that Raul can contribute to a traditional IRA and how much can he deduct? b. What is the maximum amount that Raul can contribute to a Roth IRA and how much can he deduct? c. How could Raul contribute to both the traditional IRA and Roth IRA to maximize current and future tax savings? 123) Jack takes a $7,000 distribution from his Health Savings Account. $2,000 is used to pay for X-rays and dental surgery. The other $5,000 to make a down payment on a new car. What are the tax consequences to Jack? 124) What factors are considered in determining whether an expense is a deductible travel expense? 125) What two conditions are necessary for moving expenses to be deductible? 126) Explain when educational expenses are deductible for an employee. 127) When are home-office expenses deductible? 128) Gina is an instructor at State University in Birmingham. Her university has asked her if she would be interested in taking a temporary assignment at their Montgomery campus. In addition to her salary, the University would pay her living expenses while in Montgomery. What should Gina consider with regard to taxes in deciding whether or not to accept the offer? 129) Fiona is about to graduate college with a management degree. She has been offered a job as a sales representative for a pharmaceutical company. The job will require significant travel and entertainment expenses for which she will be given a salary supplement. What tax issues should Fiona consider in her decision? 130) Chuck, who is self-employed, is scheduled to fly from Minneapolis to London on a business trip. His flight schedule included a connection through New York City. When Chuck arrived in New York City, he learned that his flight to London had been cancelled due to a volcanic eruption in Iceland. All air travel to Europe was delayed for five days because of significant amounts of ash in the air, causing Chuck to incur costs for hotel and meals in New York City. Since Chuck had never been to New York City before, he spent the time sightseeing. What tax issues are present? 131) Josiah is a human resources manager of a large software company. He is considering asking for a leave of absence to pursue an MBA degree. Josiah will pay for his MBA tuition of $45,000 a year without any employer assistance. Josiah will incur a large debt if he pursues an MBA. Upon completing his MBA, he would want to consider various job opportunities. Discuss the tax issues affecting Josiah's decision? 132) Daniel has accepted a new job and is reviewing the retirement plan information. He has a choice of participating in the company's conventional Sec. 401(k) plan or a Roth 401(k) plan. Explain the difference between the two plans in terms of employee contributions and retirement distributions from the plan. 133) Discuss the tax treatment of a nonqualified stock option plan. 134) Johanna is single and self-employed as a technology consultant. She wants to set money aside for her retirement. What tax and financial issues should she consider? 135) Why did Congress establish Health Savings Accounts (HSAs)? How do HSAs operate? Chapter 10 Depreciation, Cost Recovery, Amortization, and Depletion 1) On its tax return, a corporation will use the same depreciation, amortization and depletion methods used in its financial statements issued to shareholders. 2) Depreciable property includes business, investment, and personal-use assets. 3) In order for an asset to be depreciated in the year of purchase, it must be placed in service before year's end. 4) The basis of an asset must be reduced by the depreciation allowable. 5) Land, buildings, equipment, and stock are examples of tangible property. 6) If personal-use property is converted to trade or business use, the basis for depreciation is the lesser of adjusted basis or FMV on the date of conversion. 7) Under the MACRS rules, salvage value is not considered in the computation of the cost-recovery or depreciation amount. 8) Under the MACRS system, depreciation rates for real property must always use the mid-month convention in the year of acquisition. 9) Under MACRS, tangible personal property used in trade or business purchased and placed into service on March 1, 2014 should be depreciated for 10 months in 2014. Assume the business uses a calendar tax year. 10) MACRS recovery property includes tangible personal and real property that is used in a trade or business. 11) Under the MACRS system, automobiles and computers are classified as seven-year property. 12) In computing MACRS depreciation in the year of disposition of personal property used in a trade or business, the half-year convention must be applied to the amounts in the tables if the half-year convention was used in the year the asset was placed into service. 13) Intangible assets are subject to MACRS depreciation. 14) Section 179 allows taxpayers to immediately expense up to $25,000 (for 2014), subject to limitations, of the cost of real and personal property placed into service in a trade or business. 15) The Section 179 expensing election is available on an annual basis for property purchased during the year. 16) Personal property used in a rental activity held for investment qualifies for the Section 179 expensing election. 17) Sec. 179 tax benefits are recaptured if at any time an asset is converted to personal use. 18) Any Section 179 deduction that is not allowed currently due to the taxable income limitation may be carried over and deducted in future years. 19) Under the MACRS system, if the aggregate basis of all personal property placed in service during the last three months of the year exceeds 40% of the cost of all personal property placed in service during the tax year, the mid-quarter convention is required. 20) The mid-quarter convention applies to personal and real property. 21) Under the MACRS system, the same convention that applies in the year of acquisition (e.g., half-year, mid-quarter, or mid-month) also applies in the year of disposition. 22) Residential rental property is defined as property from which more than 80% of the gross rental income is rental income from dwelling units. 23) The MACRS system requires that residential real property and nonresidential rental property be depreciated using the straight-line method. 24) Capital improvements to real property must be depreciated over the remaining life of the property on which the improvements were made. 25) Expenditures that enlarge a building, any elevator or escalator, any structural component that benefits a common area or the internal structural framework are not considered qualified leasehold improvement property. 26) The straight-line method may be elected for depreciating tangible personal property placed in service after 1986. 27) The election to use ADS is made on a year-by-year, property-class by property-class basis for real and personal property. 28) If the business use of listed property is 50% or less of the total usage, the alternative depreciation system must be used. 29) If the business use of listed property decreases to 50% or less of the total usage, the property is subject to depreciation recapture. 30) Once the business use of listed property falls to 50% or below, the alternative depreciation system must be used for the current year and all subsequent years, even if the business use percentage increases to more than 50% in a subsequent year. 31) If a new luxury automobile is used 100% for business and placed in service in 2014, the maximum MACRS depreciation on the vehicle for 2014 is $3,160. 32) A large SUV is place in service in 2014. MACRS depreciation on an SUV weighing over 6,000 pounds is limited to $3,160 for the first year placed in service. 33) When a taxpayer leases an automobile for 100% business purposes, the entire lease payment is deductible. 34) If a company acquires goodwill in connection with the acquisition of a business, the goodwill is amortizable over a 60-month period. 35) Amounts paid in connection with the acquisition of a business which represent a covenant not to compete are amortizable over the covenant's remaining life. 36) Unless an election is made to expense or defer and amortize research and experimental expenditures, these costs must be capitalized. 37) Most taxpayers elect to expense R&E expenditures because of the immediate tax benefit. 38) Off-the-shelf computer software that is purchased for use in the taxpayer's trade or business is amortized over 36 months, or it can be immediately expensed under a Sec. 179 election. 39) Taxpayers are entitled to a depletion deduction if they have an economic interest in the natural resource property. 40) A taxpayer owns an economic interest in an oil and gas property. She is allowed to deduct the smaller of cost depletion or percentage depletion. 41) Intangible drilling and development costs (IDCs) may be deducted as an expense or may be capitalized. 42) Joan bought a business machine for $15,000 on January 1, 2013, and later sold the machine for $12,800 when the total allowable depreciation is $8,500. The depreciation actually taken on the tax returns totaled $8,000. Joan must recognize a gain (or loss) of A) no gain or loss. B) ($3,200). C) $6,800. D) $6,300. 43) In April 2014, Emma acquired a machine for $60,000 for use in her business. The machine is classified as 7-year property. Emma does not expense the asset under Sec. 179. Emma's depreciation on the machine this year is A) $30,000. B) $60,000. C) $6,428. D) $8,574. 44) In May 2014, Cassie acquired a machine for $30,000 to use in her business. The machine is classified as 5-year property. Cassie does not expense the property under Sec. 179. Cassie's depreciation on the machine this year is A) $3,000. B) $6,000. C) $12,000. D) $15,000. 45) On January 3, 2011, John acquired and placed into service business tools costing $10,000. The tools have a 3-year class life. No other assets were purchased during that year. The depreciation in 2014 for those tools is (Sec. 179 and bonus depreciation were not applied) A) $0. B) $741. C) $1,920. D) $3,333. 46) When depreciating 5-year property, the final year of depreciation will be year A) 3. B) 4. C) 5. D) 6. 47) Prithi acquired and placed in service $190,000 of equipment on August 1, 2014 for use in her sole proprietorship. The equipment is 5year recovery property. No other acquisitions are made during the year. Prithi elects to expense the maximum amount under Sec. 179. Prithi's total deductions for the year (including Sec. 179 and depreciation) are A) $38,000. B) $25,000. C) $63,000. D) $58,000. 48) Fred purchases and places in service in 2014 personal property costing $221,000. What is the maximum Sec. 179 deduction that Fred can deduct, ignoring any taxable income limitation? A) $25,000 B) $21,000 C) $4,000 D) $200,000 49) Cate purchases and places in service property costing $150,000 in 2014. She wants to elect the maximum Sec. 179 deduction allowed. Her business income is $20,000. What is the amount of her allowable Sec. 179 deduction and carryover, if any? A) 179 deduction Carryover $25,000 0 B) 179 deduction Carryover $150,000 0 C) 179 deduction Carryover $20,000 $130,000 D) 179 deduction Carryover $20,000 $5,000 50) Ilene owns an unincorporated manufacturing business. In 2014, she purchases and places in service $206,000 of qualifying five-year equipment for use in her business. Her taxable income from the business before any Sec. 179 deduction is $17,000. Elaine takes the maximum allowable deduction under section 179. Which of the following statements is true regarding the Sec. 179 election? A) Ilene can deduct $25,000 as a section 179 deduction in 2014, with no carryover to next year. B) Ilene can deduct $19,000 as a section 179 deduction in 2014. C) IIene can deduct $17,000 as a section 179 deduction in 2014; $2,000 may be carried over to next year. D) Ilene can deduct $17,000 as a section 179 deduction in 2014 ,with no carryover to next year. 51) Terra Corporation, a calendar-year taxpayer, purchases and places into service machinery with a 7-year life that cost $125,000. The midquarter convention does not apply. Terra elects to depreciate the maximum under Sec. 179. Terra's taxable income for the year before the Sec. 179 deduction is $700,000. What is Terra's total depreciation deduction related to this property? A) $17,863 B) $42,863 C) $25,000 D) $39,290 52) Tessa owns an unincorporated manufacturing business. In 2014, she purchases and places in service $207,000 of qualifying five-year equipment for use in her business. Her taxable income from the business before any Sec. 179 deduction is $15,000. Tessa elects to expense the maximum under Sec. 179. What is Tessa's maximum total cost recovery deduction for 2014? A) $53,400 B) $52,800 C) $15,000 D) $41,400 53) Which of the following statements regarding Sec. 179 is true? A) If a taxpayer places in service property costing more than the Sec. 179 ceiling on the amount of property placed in service, the excess can be carried over to subsequent years. B) Amounts of the Sec. 179 election in excess of the taxable income limitation are carried forward. C) Sec. 179 carryforwards expire after five years. D) All of the above statements are true. 54) In November 2014, Kendall purchases a computer for $4,000. She does not use Sec. 179 expensing. She only uses the most accelerated depreciation method possible. The computer is the only personal property which she places in service during the year. What is her total depreciation deduction for 2014? A) $200 B) $572 C) $800 D) $1,000 55) On October 2, 2014, Dave acquired and placed into service 5-year business equipment costing $70,000. No other acquisitions were made during the year. Dave does not use Sec. 179 expensing. The depreciation for this year is using the most accelerated method possible is A) $0. B) $3,500. C) $7,000. D) $10,003. 56) On November 3, this year, Kerry acquired and placed into service 7year business equipment costing $80,000. In addition, on May 5th of this year, Kerry had also placed in business use 5-year recovery property costing $15,000. Kerry did not elect Sec. 179 immediate expensing. No other assets were purchased during the year. The depreciation for this year is A) $3,606. B) $6,606. C) $13,576. D) $14,432. 57) Paul bought a computer for $15,000 for business use on March 18, 2012. This was his only purchase for that year. Paul used the most accelerated depreciation method available, but did not elect Sec. 179. Bonus depreciation was not available. Paul sells the machine in 2014. The depreciation on the computer for 2014 is A) $0. B) $1,440. C) $1,500. D) $2,880. 58) On April 12, 2013, Suzanne bought a computer for $20,000 for business use. This was the only purchase for that year. Suzanne used the most accelerated depreciation method available but did not elect Sec. 179. Bonus depreciation was not available. Suzanne sells the machine in 2014. The depreciation on the computer for 2014 is A) $2,000. B) $3,200. C) $4,000. D) $6,400. 59) Harrison acquires $65,000 of 5-year property in June 2012 that is required to be depreciated using the mid-quarter convention (because of other purchases that year). He did not elect Sec. 179 immediate expensing. Bonus depreciation was not available. If Harrison sells the property on August 23, 2014, what is the amount of depreciation claimed in 2014? A) $6,500.00 B) $7,312.50 C) $11,700.00 D) $9,289.00 60) For real property placed in service after 1986, depreciation under the MACRS system is calculated using the A) straight-line method and a half-year convention in the year of acquisition and in the year of disposition. B) straight-line method and a mid-month convention in the year of acquisition and in the year of disposition. C) 200% DB method and a mid-month convention in the year of acquisition and in the year of disposition. D) 200% DB method and a half-year convention in the year of acquisition and in the year of disposition. 61) On August 11, 2014, Nancy acquired and placed into service residential rental property, which cost $430,000; the cost of the land has been excluded. Nancy annually elects the maximum allowed Sec. 179 deduction. The total depreciation for the year is (rounded) A) $5,865. B) $4,141. C) $5,117. D) $15,636. 62) Lincoln purchases nonresidential real property costing $300,000 and places it in service in March 2013. What is Lincoln's 2014 depreciation on the property? A) $6,099 B) $7,692 C) $8,637 D) $10,908 63) Atiqa took out of service and sold a residential rental property on October 31 of this year. She had originally acquired the property ten years ago. The building (excluding the value of the land) cost $1,000,000. How much is her current year depreciation deduction? A) $30,300 B) $36,360 C) $18,182 D) $28,785 64) All of the following are true with regard to the alternative depreciation system except A) the principal type of property for which ADS is required is any tangible property which is used predominantly outside of the United States. B) the ADS election is available to real property on a property by property basis. C) the ADS election is available to personal property on a property by property basis. D) once the ADS election is made for specified property, it is irrevocable. 65) If the business usage of listed property is less than or equal to 50% of its total usage, depreciation is calculated using the A) regular MACRS tables. B) alternative depreciation system. C) it may not be depreciated. D) regular MACRS tables and a mid-month convention. 66) Eric is a self-employed consultant. In May of the current year, Eric acquired a computer system (5-year property) for $6,000 and used the computer 80% for business and 20% for personal purposes. Eric does not take any Sec. 179 deduction. The maximum depreciation deduction for is A) $600. B) $800. C) $960. D) $1,200. 67) Eric is a self-employed consultant. In May of the current year, Eric acquired a computer system (5-year property) for $7,000 and used the computer 30% for business. Eric does not use Sec. 179. The maximum depreciation deduction for is A) $210. B) $420. C) $700. D) $2,100. 68) In the current year George, a college professor, acquired a computer system (5-year property) for $1,000 and used the computer 80% for teaching and research-related activities and the remaining 20% for personal use. Because George's employer provides him with a computer in his office at the university, the employer does not require him to have a computer at home. No election was made regarding Sec. 179. The maximum depreciation deduction is A) $0. B) $200. C) $160. D) $800. 69) In April of 2013, Brandon acquired five-year listed property (not an automobile) for $30,000 and used it 70% for business. No election was made regarding Sec. 179 and bonus depreciation was not available. In 2014, his business use of the property dropped to 40%. Which of the following statements is true? A) The change does not affect Brandon's previous depreciation. B) Brandon must recapture $2,100 as ordinary income. C) Brandon must recapture $4,200 as ordinary income. D) Brandon must amend the previous tax return and recompute depreciation. 70) In July of 2014, Pat acquired a new automobile for $28,000 and used the automobile 80% for business. No election is made regarding Sec. 179. Assuming her business use remains at 80%, Pat can take a maximum depreciation deduction in 2014 of A) $2,528. B) $3,160. C) $5,600. D) $4,480. 71) On January l Grace leases and places into service an automobile with a FMV of $39,000. The business use of the automobile is 60%. The "inclusion amount" for the initial year of the lease from the IRS tables is $20. The annual lease payments are $8,000. What are the tax consequences of this lease? A) deduction for lease payments of $4,782 B) deduction for lease payments of $4,800 C) deduction for lease payments of $6,000 D) deduction for lease payment of $8,982 72) On January 1, 2014, Charlie Corporation acquires all of the net assets of Rocky Corporation for $2,000,000. The following intangible assets are included in the purchase agreement: Assets Goodwill and going concern value Licenses Patents Covenant not to compete for five years Acquisition Cost $105,000 $ 45,000 $ 60,000 $120,000 What is the total amount of amortization allowed in 2014? A) $15,000 B) $22,000 C) $31,000 D) $38,000 73) In accounting for research and experimental expenditures, all of the following alternatives are available with the exception of A) expense R&E costs in the year paid or incurred. B) expense R&E costs in the year in which a product or process becomes marketable. C) defer and amortize R&E costs as a ratable deduction over a period of 60 months or more. D) capitalize and write off R&E costs only when the research project is abandoned or is worthless. 74) Costs that qualify as research and experimental expenditures include all of the following except A) depreciation of laboratory equipment. B) management studies. C) costs incurred in developing product improvements. D) costs of obtaining a patent such as attorney fees. 75) This year Bauer Corporation incurs the following costs in development of new products: Laboratory supplies Laboratory equipment purchased (5-year recovery property) Salaries (lab personnel) Utilities Total $ 55,000 50,000 90,000 20,000 $215,000 No benefits are realized from the research expenditures until next year. If Bauer Corporation elects to expense the research expenditures, the deduction is A) $10,000 this year and $175,000 next year. B) $175,000 next year. C) $175,000 this year. D) $215,000 this year. 76) Galaxy Corporation purchases specialty software from a software development firm for use in its business as of January 1 of the current year at a cost of $90,000. No hardware was acquired. How much of the cost can Galaxy deduct this year? A) $18,000 B) $15,000 C) $30,000 D) $90,000 77) In calculating depletion of natural resources each period, A) cost depletion must be used. B) percentage depletion must be used. C) the greater of cost depletion or percentage depletion must be used. D) the smaller of cost depletion or percentage depletion must be used. 78) J.R. acquires an oil and gas property interest for $300,000. J.R. expects to recover 50,000 barrels of oil. Intangible drilling and development costs are $80,000 and are charged to expense. Other expenses are $20,000. During the year, 13,000 barrels of oil are sold for $170,000. J.R.'s depletion deduction is A) $25,500. B) $35,000. C) $70,000. D) $78,000. 79) Everest Corp. acquires a machine (seven-year property) on January 10, 2014 at a cost of $212,000. Everest makes the election to expense the maximum amount under Sec. 179. a. Assume that the taxable income from trade or business is $500,000. (1) What is the amount of the Section 179 expensing deduction for the current year? (2) What is the amount of the Section 179 carryover to the next tax year? (3) What is the amount of depreciation allowed? b. Assume instead that the taxable income from trade or business is $10,000. (1) What is the amount of the Section 179 expensing deduction for the current year? (2) What is the amount of the Section 179 carryover to the next tax year? (3) What is the amount of depreciation allowed this year? 80) In August 2014, Tianshu acquires and places into service 7-year business equipment (tangible personal property qualifying under Sec. 179) for $70,000. This is the only asset that she purchased during the year; her taxable income from her trade or business is $23,000. She decides to limit her 179 election to the maximum amount currently deductible in her business for the current year. What is her maximum cost recovery (Sec. 179 and depreciation) deduction for 2014? 82) Mehmet, a calendar-year taxpayer, acquires 5-year tangible personal property in 2014 and does not use Sec. 179. Mehmet places the property in service on the following schedule: Date placed in serviceAcquisition Cost January 15 $50,000 May 25 $100,000 November 8 $200,000 What is the total depreciation for 2012? 83) Greta, a calendar-year taxpayer, acquires 5-year tangible personal property in 2014 and places the property in service on the following schedule: Date placed in serviceAcquisition Cost January 15 $ 7,000 May 25 $10,000 November 8 $33,000 Greta elects to expense the maximum under Section 179, and selects the property placed into service on November 8. Her business 's taxable income before section 179 is $190,000. What is the total cost recovery deduction (depreciation and Sec. 179) for 2014? 84) During the year 2014, a calendar year taxpayer, Marvelous Munchies, a chain of specialty food shops, purchased equipment as follows: Date March 3 October 9 Asset Cost Refrigerators 600,000 Equipment 1,200,000 Assume the property is all 5-year property. What is the maximum depreciation that may be deducted for the assets this year, 2014, assuming the alternative depreciation system is not chosen? 85) On May 1, 2008, Empire Properties Corp., a calendar year taxpayer, purchased an apartment building for $1,000,000, of which $400,000 was allocable to the land. The corporation sold the property this year on September 23, 2013. a. What was the corporation's depreciation for the building, using statutory percentages under MACRS for 2008? b. What was the corporation's depreciation for the building, using statutory percentages under MACRS for 2013? 86) On May 1, 2012, Empire Properties Corp., a calendar year taxpayer, purchased an office building for $1,000,000, of which $400,000 was allocable to the land. The corporation sold the property this year on September 23, 2014. a. What was the corporation's depreciation for the building, using statutory percentages under MACRS for 2012? b. What was the corporation's depreciation for the building, using statutory percentages under MACRS for 2014? 87) In January of 2014, Brett purchased a Porsche for $100,000 to be used in his business. Brett drove the car 83 percent of the time for business. What is the maximum amount that Brett may deduct in 2014? 88) Stellar Corporation purchased all of the assets of Bellavia Company as of January 1 this year for $1 million. Included in the assets acquired are the following intangible assets: Asset Patent Covenant not to complete Goodwill Useful Life 10 year 3 years Indefinite Cost $120,000 30,000 300,000 What is Stellar's maximum amortization deduction for the year? 89) Jack purchases land which he plans on developing as a golf course. The land costs $20,000,000 and the cost of clearing the land, earthmoving, constructing hazards, bunkers and greens, and installing irrigation systems will cost an additional $6,000,000. What tax issues should Jack consider? 90) Bert, a self-employed attorney, is considering either purchasing or leasing a $50,000 automobile for use in his business. What are the issues he should consider in making his decision? 91) Why would a taxpayer elect to capitalize and amortize intangible drilling costs (IDCs) rather than expense such costs? 92) Discuss the options available regarding treatment of an amount paid in excess of the FMV of an acquired company's net assets in a business combination. 93) Why would a taxpayer elect to use the alternative depreciation system rather than the MACRS rules? Chapter 11 Accounting Periods and Methods 1) A taxpayer's tax year must coincide with the year used to keep the taxpayer's books and records. 2) A fiscal year is a 12-month period that ends on the last day of any month other than December. 3) A partnership must generally use the same tax year of the partners who own the majority of partnership income and capital. 4) If the majority of the partners do not have the same tax year, the partnership must use the tax year of its principal partners. 5) All C corporations can elect a tax year other than a calendar year. Explanation: Personal service corporations are generally required to use a calendar year. 6) An improper election to use a fiscal year automatically places the taxpayer on the calendar year. 7) If Jett Corporation receives a charter in 2012 but does not begin operations and file its first tax return until 2014, Jett may elect a fiscal year on the 2014 return. 8) Partnerships, S corporations, and personal service corporations may elect a taxable year which results in a tax deferral of four months or less. 9) An S corporation elects a September 30 taxable year. The S corporation, as a pass-through entity does not need to make tax payments to the IRS. 10) Except in a few specific circumstances, once adopted, an accounting period may be changed without IRS approval. 11) A newly married person may change tax years to conform to that of his or her spouse so that a joint return may be filed. 12) Generally, an income tax return covers an accounting period of 12 months. 13) A subsidiary corporation filing a consolidated return with its parent corporation must change its accounting period to conform with its parent's tax year. 14) Misha, a single taxpayer, died on July 31, 2014. Her final income tax return (ignoring extensions) is due November 15, 2014. 15) Taxpayers who change from one accounting period to another must annualize their income for the resulting short period. 16) Generally, if inventories are an income-producing factor to the business, the accrual method must be used for sales and cost of goods sold. 17) Alvin, a practicing attorney who also owns an office supplies store, may use the cash basis for his legal practice and the accrual basis for his office supplies store. 18) A taxpayer must use the same accounting method on the personal tax return that the taxpayer uses in the taxpayer's trade or business. 19) C corporations and partnerships with a corporate partner may use the cash method of accounting if average annual gross receipts for the three preceding tax years do not exceed $10 million. 20) Under the cash method of accounting, income is reported for the tax year in which payments are actually or constructively received. 21) Under the cash method of accounting, all expenses are deductible when paid. 22) Points paid on a mortgage to buy a personal residence are deductible in the year paid. 23) Under the cash method of accounting, payment by credit card entitles the taxpayer to deduct the expenditure at the time the charge is made. 24) If a cash basis taxpayer gives a note in payment of an expense, the deduction may not be taken until the note is paid. 25) The all-events test requires that the accrual-basis taxpayer report income when all events have occurred that fix the taxpayer's right to the income and when the amount can be determined with reasonable accuracy. 26) Under the accrual method of accounting, the two tests to determine when income must be reported and expenses deducted are the all-events test and the economic performance test. 27) One criterion which will permit a deduction for an expenditure by the accrual-basis taxpayer prior to economic performance is that either the amount is not material or the earlier accrual of the item results in a better matching of income and expense. 28) A taxpayer who uses the cash method in computing gross income from his or her business must use the cash method in computing expenses of such business. 29) A business which provides a warranty on goods sold will deduct a reserve for warranty expense consistent with the reporting on its financial statements. 30) A taxpayer may use a combination of accounting methods as long as income is clearly reflected. 31) A taxpayer who uses the LIFO method of inventory valuation may use the lower of cost or market method. 32) The uniform capitalization rules (UNICAP) require the capitalization of some overhead costs that are expensed for financial accounting purposes. 33) Many taxpayers use the LIFO method of inventory valuation because during inflationary periods, LIFO normally results in the lowest inventory value and hence the lowest taxable income. 34) A taxpayer may use the FIFO or average cost methods for financial statement purposes, while using the LIFO method for tax purposes. 35) For tax purposes, the lower of cost or market method must ordinarily be applied to each separate inventory item. 36) For tax purposes, "market" for purposes of applying the lower of cost or market method means the price at which the taxpayer can sell the inventory item. 37) Contracts for services including accounting, legal and architectural services do not qualify for long-term contract treatment. 38) A taxpayer must use the same accounting method, either percentage of completion or completed contract method, for all long-term contracts in the same trade or business. 39) The installment method is not applicable to sales of inventory and marketable securities. 40) The installment sale method may be used on the sale of property at a loss. 41) Interest is not imputed on a gift loan between two individuals totaling $14,000 except when the borrowed funds are used to purchase incomeproducing property. 42) Interest is not imputed on a gift loan between two individuals totaling $100,000 except when the borrowed funds are used to purchase incomeproducing property. 43) In general, a change in accounting method must be approved by the IRS. 44) Vector Corporation has been using an incorrect method in accounting for supplies expense. It can change to the correct method without filing 3115. 45) A corporation is starting to produce glasses with smart phone capabilities. Generally, a business producing this type of product will want to elect the LIFO inventory method. 46) A new business is established. It is not a seasonal business. All of the following are acceptable accounting tax years with the exception of A) an S corporation year ending October 31. B) a C corporation (not a personal service corporation) tax year ending on February 15. C) a C corporation (not a personal service corporation) tax year ending on April 30. D) a partnership tax year ending on October 31 with three equal partners whose tax years end on September 30, October 31, and November 30. 47) When preparing a tax return for a short period, the taxpayer should annualize the income if the short period return A) is the last return for a decedent who died on June 15. B) is the first return for a corporation created on June 1. C) is the last return for a partnership, which was terminated on October 12. D) is a return for June 1 to December 31, for a corporation changing from a fiscal year to a calendar year. 48) Emma, a single taxpayer, obtains permission to change from a calendar year to a fiscal year ending June 30, 2014. During the six months ending June 30, 2014, she earns $40,000 and has $8,000 of itemized deductions. What is the amount of her annualized income? A) $30,025 B) $64,000 C) $60,050 D) $64,300 49) All of the following statements are true except: A) once adopted, an accounting period normally cannot be changed without approval by the IRS. B) taxpayers who change from one accounting period to another must annualize their income for the resulting short period. C) taxpayers filing an initial tax return are required to annualize the year's income and prorate exemptions and credits. D) an existing partnership can change its tax year without prior approval if the partners with a majority interest have the same tax year to which the partnership changes. 50) Which of the following partnerships can elect the cash basis method of accounting? A) a CPA firm with average revenues of $20 million B) a chocolate manufacturer with average revenues of $3 million C) a cleaning service partnership generating average revenues of $5.5 million whose partners are Joe, Larry and Smith Inc. D) None of the above. 51) Under the cash method of accounting, all of the following are true with the exception of: A) Fixed assets are always expensed as the taxpayer pays for the assets. B) Gross income includes the value of property received. C) To some extent, a taxpayer may control the year in which an expense is deductible by choosing when to make the payment. D) Income is reported in the tax year in which payments are actually or constructively received. 52) For purposes of the accrual method of accounting, the economic performance test is met when A) the property or services are actually provided. B) the amount of the item can be reasonably estimated. C) all events have occurred that establish the fact of a liability. D) all events have occurred that fix the taxpayer's right to receive income. 53) Under UNICAP, all of the following overhead costs are included in inventory except A) factory utilities, rent, insurance and depreciation. B) officers' salaries and factory administration. C) research and experimentation. D) factory payroll, purchasing and warehouse costs. 54) Which of the following statements regarding UNICAP is incorrect? A) The UNICAP rules result in more costs being included in inventory for tax purposes than for financial accounting. B) Taxpayers with gross receipts averaging more than $10,000,000 or more for the prior three years must apply the UNICAP provisions. C) Interest must be included in inventory if the property produced is real property or long-lived property. D) UNICAP requires that advertising and selling costs be allocated between inventory and cost of sales. 55) In 2014, Richard's Department Store changes its inventory method from FIFO to LIFO. Richard's uses the simplified LIFO method. Richard's year-end inventory under FIFO is as follows: 2013 - $300,000; 2014 - $350,000. The 2013 price index is 110% and the 2014 index is 120%. The 2014 layer is A) $19,097. B) $20,833. C) $22,727. D) $50,000. 56) Inventory may be valued on the tax return at the lower of cost or market unless A) replacement cost is higher than historical cost. B) the taxpayer determines inventory cost using the LIFO method. C) the taxpayer determines inventory cost using the FIFO method. D) the cash method of accounting is used by the taxpayer. 57) When accounting for long-term contracts (other than those for services), all of the following accounting methods may be acceptable with the exception of A) the cash method of accounting. B) the completed contract method. C) the percentage of completion method. D) the modified percentage of completion method. 58) Under the percentage of completion method, gross income is reported A) when the contract is completed. B) using a percentage that is determined by dividing current year costs by the expected total revenue. C) based on the portion of work that is incomplete. D) based on the portion of work that has been completed. 59) This year, Hamilton, a local manufacturer of off-shore drilling platforms, entered into a contract to construct a drilling platform that will be placed in the North Atlantic Ocean. The total contract price is $5,000,000, and Hamilton estimates the total construction cost at $3,000,000. Actual costs incurred this year are $600,000. If Hamilton uses the percentage of completion method, the gross profit for this year is A) $0. B) $400,000. C) $600,000. D) $2,000,000. 60) Bergeron is a local manufacturer of off-shore drilling platforms. This year, Bergeron entered into a contract to construct a drilling platform, which will be placed in the North Atlantic Ocean. The total contract price is $5,000,000, and Bergeron estimates the total construction cost at $2,000,000. Actual costs incurred this year are $600,000. If Bergeron uses the completed contract method, the gross profit for this year is A) $0. B) $400,000. C) $600,000. D) $2,000,000. 61) In year 1 a contractor agrees to build a building for $2,500,000 by the end of year 2. The builder's cost is estimated to be $1,800,000. The actual costs year 1 are $900,000 and year 2's actual costs are $1,300,000. Under the completed contract method the gross profit for year 1 is A) $0. B) $300,000. C) $350,000. D) $700,000. 62) In year 1 a contractor agrees to build a building for $2,500,000 by the end of year 2. The builder's cost is estimated to be $1,800,000. The actual costs year 1 are $900,000 and year 2's actual costs are $1,300,000. Under the completed contract method the gross profit for year 2 is A) $0. B) $300,000. C) $350,000. D) $700,000. 63) In year 1 a contractor agrees to build a building for $2,500,000 by the end of year 2. The builder's cost is estimated to be $1,800,000. The actual costs year 1 are $900,000 and year 2's actual costs are $1,100,000. Under the percentage of completion method year 1's gross profit is A) $0. B) $300,000. C) $350,000. D) $700,000. 64) In year 1 a contractor agrees to build a building for $2,500,000 by the end of year 2. The builder's cost is estimated to be $1,800,000. The actual costs year 1 are $900,000 and year 2's actual costs are $1,100,000. Under the percentage of completion method year 2's gross profit is A) $150,000. B) $500,000. C) $700,000. D) $350,000. 65) The look-back interest adjustment involves the A) calculation of interest on an installment sale. B) calculation of gross profit on an installment sale collection. C) calculation of additional tax due if actual cost rather than estimated cost had been used on the percentage of completion method. D) calculation of interest on additional tax that would have been due if actual cost rather than estimated cost had been used on the percentage of completion method. 66) This year, a contractor agrees to build a building for $2,000,000, which will be completed by the end of next year. The builder's cost is estimated to be $1,700,000. The actual costs this year are $800,000 and next year's actual costs are $800,000. If the tax rate is 20% and the interest rate is 10%, the look back interest for the percentage of completion method is A) $ 0. B) $1,176. C) $2,000. D) $6,000. 67) An installment sale is best defined as A) any disposition of property in which at least three payments are received. B) any disposition of property in which the installment method is elected by the taxpayer. C) any disposition of property where at least one payment is received after the close of the taxable year in which disposition occurs. D) any disposition of publicly traded property or inventory where at least one payment is received after the close of the taxable year in which disposition occurs. 68) The installment method may be used for sales of all kinds of property with the exception of A) real property. B) personal property. C) capital assets. D) marketable securities. 69) The installment sale method can be used for all of the following transactions except A) the sale of an antique by a collector. B) the sale of shares of publicly-traded corporate stock. C) the sale of farmland used in a farming business. D) the sale of a boat held for personal use. 70) The installment sale method can be used for all of the following transactions except A) the sale of an painting by an art collector. B) the sale of a sole proprietor's office building. C) the sale of an individual's personal car. D) the sale of a yacht by a shipbuilder. 71) Freida is an accrual-basis taxpayer who owns a furniture store. The furniture store had the following sales of inventory: Year of sale Installment sales 2012 $60,000 2013 100,000 2014 250,000 Collections in Profit 2014 $30,000 $20,000 50,000 30,000 125,000 40,000 For tax purposes, Freida should report gross profit for 2014 of A) $40,000. B) $65,000. C) $90,000. D) $125,000. 72) Which of the following conditions are required for the use of the installment method? A) The taxpayer must realize a gain on the sale of the property. B) The taxpayer cannot be on the cash method. C) The value of the obligations received is determinable at the date of sale. D) All of the above are required. 73) Kyle sold land on the installment basis for $100,000. His basis in the land was $70,000. Kyle received a $40,000 down payment and a real estate installment sale contract calling for $60,000 in additional payments in future years. In addition, Kyle paid $6,000 in commissions on the sale. What is the gross profit to be recognized in the current year? A) $0 B) $9,600 C) $12,000 D) $24,000 74) Kevin sold property with an adjusted basis of $58,000. The buyer assumed Kevin's existing mortgage of $40,000 and agreed to pay an additional $60,000 consisting of a cash down payment of $40,000, and payments of $4,000, plus interest, per year for the next 5 years. Kevin paid selling expenses totaling $2,000. What is Kevin's gross profit percentage? A) 33 1/3% B) 40% C) 60% D) 66 2/3% 75) This year, John purchased property from William by assuming an existing mortgage of $40,000 and agreed to pay an additional $60,000, plus interest, in the 3 years following the year of sale (i.e. $20,000 annual payments for three years, plus interest). William had an adjusted basis of $44,000 in the building. What are the sales price and the contract price in this transaction? A) Sales Price $40,000 Contract Price $60,000 B) Sales Price $100,000 Contract Price $40,000 C) Sales Price $100,000 Contract Price $60,000 D) Sales Price $100,000 Contract Price $100,000 76) On July 25 of this year, Raj sold land with a cost of $15,000 for $40,000. Raj collected $20,000 this year and is scheduled to receive $5,000 each year for four years starting next year plus an acceptable rate of interest. Raj's gain recognized this year is A) $7,500. B) $12,500. C) $20,000. D) $25,000. 77) On June 11, of last year, Derrick sold land with a cost of $15,000 for $45,000. Derrick collected $20,000 last year and is scheduled to receive $5,000 each year for five years starting this year plus an acceptable rate of interest. Derrick receives the $5,000 installment required this year. Derrick's recognized gain this year is A) $0. B) $1,667. C) $3,333. D) $5,000. 78) Sela sold a machine for $140,000. The machine originally cost $90,000 and $10,000 of MACRS depreciation had been allowable. The buyer assumed an existing loan of $40,000, paid $20,000 cash down and agreed to pay $10,000 per year for eight years plus interest. Selling expenses are $10,000. The total gross profit for installment sale recognition purposes is A) $30,000. B) $40,000. C) $50,000. D) $60,000. 79) Malea sold a machine for $140,000. The machine originally cost $90,000 and $10,000 of MACRS depreciation had been allowable. The buyer assumed an existing loan of $40,000, paid $20,000 cash down and agreed to pay $10,000 per year for eight years plus interest. Selling expenses are $10,000. The contract price is A) $40,000. B) $80,000. C) $100,000. D) $130,000. 80) On June 11, two years ago, Gia sold land with a cost of $15,000 for $45,000. Gia collected $20,000 initially and is scheduled to receive $5,000 each year for five years starting last year plus an acceptable rate of interest. This year, Gia decided to sell one installment note to a bank that agreed to pay $4,100. As a result of the sale of the note, Gia must report A) $0. B) $1,667 gain. C) $2,433 gain. D) ($900) loss. 81) On May 18, of last year, Carter sells unlisted stock with a cost of $24,000 for $60,000. Carter collects $20,000 initially and is scheduled to receive $10,000 each year for four years starting this year plus an acceptable rate of interest. After receiving the first $10,000 scheduled installment payment, Carter is unable to collect any further payments. After incurring legal fees of $1,000, Carter recovers a portion of the stock valued at $26,000. As a result of the repossession, Carter must report A) ordinary income of $9,000. B) capital gain of $9,000. C) ordinary income of $13,000. D) capital gain of $13,000. 82) On May 18, of last year, Yuji sold unlisted stock with a cost of $12,000 for $30,000. Yuji collected $10,000 initially and is scheduled to receive $5,000 each year for four years starting this year plus an acceptable rate of interest. After receiving the first scheduled $5,000 payment, Yuji was unable to collect any further payments. After incurring legal fees of $500, Yuji recovered a portion of the stock valued at $13,000. Yuji's basis in the recovered stock is A) $6,500. B) $7,000. C) $12,500. D) $13,000. 83) Andrew sold land to Becca, Andrew's daughter. The fair market value of the land was $300,000 (basis $250,000). Becca agreed to pay Andrew $300,000 over 8 years. Becca immediately sold the land to Olga for $300,000 cash. The gain of $50,000 must be recognized A) by Becca in installments. B) by Becca when Becca sells to Olga. C) by Andrew when Andrew sells to Becca. D) by Andrew when Becca sells to Olga. 84) On September 2, of this year, Keshawn sold land to Rex, his nephew, for $400,000. Keshawn's basis in the land was $100,000. Rex agreed to pay his uncle $40,000 this year, and $60,000 each year for the next six years plus interest. One month later, Rex sold the land to Theo, an unrelated party, for $450,000. Based on this information, Keshawn must report A) $0. Rex reports gain of $300,000. B) gain of $225,000 this year. C) gain of $225,000 this year plus interest in following six years. D) gain of $30,000 this year, and gain in each of the following six years of $45,000 plus interest. 85) All of the following are considered related for purposes of Section 453(e) installment sales except A) parents. B) children. C) sister. D) controlled corporation. 86) All of the following transactions are exempt from rules regarding imputed interest with the exception of A) taxpayer purchases newly issued bond for $700 (face value of $1,000). B) taxpayer sells land for $135,000 with payment due in 5 years and no stated interest. C) taxpayer sells his home gym equipment for $2,800 with payment due in one year and no stated interest. D) taxpayer purchases a sailboat costing $2,500 for week-end boating trips; the full price payable in five months and no stated interest. 87) Jennifer made interest-free gift loans to each of her four children as follows: (1) John borrowed $9,500 to purchase an automobile. His net investment income is $1,500. (2) Rick borrowed $50,000 to purchase a trailer. His net investment income is $900. (3) Bert borrowed $25,000 to purchase stock. His net investment income is $1,200. (4) Elizabeth borrowed $110,000 to purchase a home. Her net investment income is $800. Assuming a 5% interest rate, on which loans must interest be imputed? A) loan to John and Bert B) loan to Bert and Elizabeth C) loan to Rick, Bert, and Elizabeth D) All of the loans are subject to the imputed interest rules. 88) Imputation of interest could be required on all of the following loans with the exception of A) a loan between a partnership and a 55% partner. B) a loan between a mother and son. C) a loan between an employer and employee. D) a loan between two best friends. 89) Prior Corp. plans to change its method of accounting for supplies. Both the old and new methods are acceptable. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the change? A) The taxpayer will need to amend prior returns to reflect the new method. B) The taxpayer will report the full amount of change in the current tax return. C) The taxpayer will report the net adjustment over four years. D) The taxpayer will report the net adjustment and pay the tax when it files the Form 3115. 90) Which of the following businesses is most likely to benefit from an election to account for its inventory under LIFO? A) a company producing the newest version of a tablet with ultra-long battery life. It believes it has a one-year lead over the competition. B) a company producing products with copper as a key component. Copper prices fluctuate widely. C) a company producing parts for the auto industry. Costs in this field tend to steadily climb. D) None of the above. 91) Lloyd Corporation, a calendar year accrual basis taxpayer, pays its insurance premium each year on June 1, the anniversary of the policy. The premium paid this year is $9,600 while last year's was $9,000. How much of is Lloyd's deduction for insurance this year? 92) In 2013 Anika Co. adopted the simplified dollar-value LIFO method. Inventory under FIFO in 2013 and 2014 is $400,000 and $600,000, respectively. The Consumer Price Index for 2013 is 115 and the Consumer Price Index in 2014 is 125 percent. How much is Anika's inventory at the end of year 2014 under simplified LIFO? 93) In 2014, Modern Construction Company entered into a contract to construct a building for $5,000,000. The estimated cost to complete the building is $4,000,000 and the project will be completed in 2015. Modern incurred actual construction costs of $1,600,000 and $1,800,000 in 2014 and 2015, respectively. How much gross profit is recognized using the percentage-of-completion method in 2014 and 2015? 94) Tonya sold publicly-traded stock with an adjusted basis of $76,000 for $90,000. Tonya received a down payment of $15,000 with the balance due in equal payments over the next four years. What is the amount of gross profit to be recognized in the year of sale? 95) Natalie sold a machine for $140,000. The machine originally cost $95,000 and $15,000 of MACRS depreciation had been allowable. The buyer assumed an existing loan of $40,000, paid $30,000 cash down and agreed to pay $10,000 per year for seven years plus interest. Selling expenses are $10,000. What is the amount of gain to be reported in the year of sale? 96) Marissa sold stock of a non-publicly traded corporation with an adjusted basis of $36,000 for $48,000. Marissa received a down payment of $12,000 with the balance due in equal payments over the next two years. a. What is the amount of gross profit to be recognized in the year of sale? b. Assume that the buyer defaulted on the final payment. Marissa sued and was able to repossess the stock. The fair market value of the stock on the date of repossession is $36,000; legal fees were $1,500. What is the gain or loss on the repossession? 97) Nick sells land with a $7,000 adjusted basis for $10,000. Nick receives a $2,000 down payment with the balance of $8,000 due the following year. Nick is unable to collect the remaining $8,000 and, after incurring legal fees of $500, he repossesses the land when it has a fair market value of $9,000. a. What is the amount of gain that Nick must report in the first year? b. What is the amount of gain that Nick must report in the second year? c. What is the basis in the repossessed stock? 98) Emily made the following interest free loans to her children: (1) $10,000 to Erin for a down payment on a new home. Her net investment income for the year is $1,300. (2) $50,000 to Sasha to purchase stock. Her net investment income for the year is $800. (3) $60,000 to Tim to purchase a new boat. His net investment income for the year is $2,800. The applicable federal interest rate on similar loans is 5%. What is the amount of interest income that Emily must report from these transactions? 99) Winnie made a $70,000 interest-free loan to her son, Tod, who used the money to retire a mortgage on his personal residence. Tod's only source of income was salary of $35,000 and $990 interest income on a savings account. The relevant Federal interest rate was 5% and the loan was outstanding all year long. What amount must Winnie include as interest income as a result of this transaction? 100) Which entities may elect a fiscal year? Discuss how certain tax entities may circumvent the requirement of using a calendar year. 101) Generally, economic performance must occur before an expense may be deducted. In some cases, this requirement of economic performance may be waived. Discuss the conditions under which economic performance may be waived and an earlier deduction may be allowed. 102) What is the significance of the Thor Power Tool Co. case? 103) Xerxes Manufacturing, in its first year of operations, produces solar panels which are sold through large building supply and home improvement stores. Xerxes' year-end results include the following: Office rent and utilities $15,000 Salaries of office staff 100,000 Salaries of factory workers 500,000 Direct materials used in production of solar panels400,000 Factory rent 30,000 Factory utilities 10,000 You are preparing Xerxes' first year tax return. Xerxes has elected a calendar year as its tax accounting period and the accrual method. What additional information would you need to prepare the tax return? 104) Doug is going to sell land for $100,000. The terms of the sale include $20,000 down and $20,000 plus interest for the next 4 years. He wishes to recognize income using the installment method. Both his brother and his son wish to buy the land from him. What are the tax considerations? 105) Discuss the purpose of the imputed interest rules. 106) Arnie is negotiating the sale of land to Phil. Arnie's basis in the land is $3,000,000, and it currently has a fair market value of $5,000,000. Phil wants to pay the purchase price over three years. Arnie suggests that Phil pays $2,000,000 at closing, then pay $1,200,000 each of the next three years. Arnie would not require that Phil pay any interest under these terms. Discuss the tax issues that Arnie should consider. 107) Jared wants his daughter, Jacqueline, to learn about the stock market. He loans Jacqueline $30,000, but does not require Jacqueline to pay interest. Jared tells Jacqueline that she can repay him from the proceeds of future stock sales. Discuss the tax issues that Jared should consider. Chapter 12 Property Transactions: Nontaxable Exchanges 1) Realized gain or loss must be recognized unless a specific Code section provides for nonrecognition treatment. 2) In a like-kind exchange, both the property transferred and the property received must be held by the taxpayer either for productive use in a trade or business or for investment. 3) The exchange of a personal-use automobile for stock in an automobile manufacturer held as an investment qualifies for like-kind treatment. 4) If an exchange qualifies as a like-kind exchange, nonrecognition of gain or loss is elective. 5) Real property exchanged for personal property qualifies as a like-kind exchange. 6) An investor exchanges an office building located in Niagara Falls, NY for an office building located in Niagara Falls, Ontario. The exchange does not qualify as like-kind. 7) An exchange of inventory for inventory of a like kind qualifies as a like-kind exchange. 8) The exchange of a partnership interest for an interest in another partnership qualifies as a like-kind exchange. 9) A sale of property and subsequent purchase of like-kind property may be treated as a like-kind exchange if the two transactions are interdependent. 10) For purposes of nontaxable exchanges, cash and non-like-kind property constitute boot. 11) The receipt of boot as part of a nontaxable exchange causes a realized loss to be recognized. 12) Where non-like-kind property other than cash is received as boot, the amount of the boot is the property's fair market value. 13) If each party in a like-kind exchange assumes a liability of the other party, only the net liability given or received is boot. 14) The basis of non-like-kind property received is the basis in the hands of the transferor at the date of the exchange. 15) If related taxpayers exchange property qualifying for a like-kind exchange, the properties must be retained for three years after the exchange to prevent recognition of gain resulting from the original exchange on a subsequent disposition of the property. 16) The holding period of like-kind property received in a nontaxable exchange begins on the day of the exchange. 17) The holding period for boot property received begins on the day after the date of the exchange. 18) The involuntary conversion provisions which allow deferral of gain are mandatory. 19) If a gain is realized on the involuntary conversion of property, the gain may be deferred if qualifying replacement property is acquired within a specified time period at a cost equal to or greater than the amount realized on the involuntary conversion. 20) All or part of gain realized on an involuntary conversion is deferred but not permanently excluded if qualifying replacement property is acquired within the requisite period of time. 21) In an involuntary conversion, the basis of replacement property is its cost reduced by the gain deferred. 22) A taxpayer may elect to defer recognition of a loss resulting from an involuntary conversion. 23) If the threat of condemnation exists and the taxpayer has reasonable grounds to believe that the property will be condemned, the taxpayer may elect to defer gain even if the taxpayer sells the property to a party other than the governmental unit that is threatening to condemn the property. 24) When the cost of replacement property is less than the amount realized on an involuntary conversion, gain will be recognized. The recognized gain will be equal to the amount realized over the cost of the replacement property, but not more than the total realized gain. 25) If property is involuntarily converted into similar property, the basis and holding period of the converted property carry over to the basis and holding period of the replacement property. 26) If the taxpayer elects to defer the gain on an involuntary conversion, the holding period of the replacement property begins on the date of purchase. 27) Replacing a building with land qualifies as replacement property under the involuntary conversion rules relevant to a casualty. 28) If real property used in a trade or business or held for investment is condemned, it must be replaced with property having a similar functional use. 29) Vector Inc.'s office building burns down on October 31, 2014. Vector, a calendar year taxpayer, finally settles with the insurance company on February 3, 2015. In order to defer the gain realized on the building, Vector must acquire another office building by February 3, 2017. 30) When an involuntary conversion is due to the condemnation of real property held for productive use in a trade or business or for investment, the replacement period will end three years after the close of the first tax year in which any part of the gain is realized. 31) A loss on the sale of a taxpayer's personal residence is deductible if the taxpayer owned and lived in the home for two of five years. 32) In order for the gain on the sale of a personal residence to be excluded under Section 121, a replacement residence must be purchased within two years. 33) In the case of married taxpayers, an individual may claim the Sec. 121 exclusion even if the individual's spouse used the exclusion within the past two years. 34) The taxpayer must be occupying the residence at the time of the sale in order for Sec. 121 to apply. 35) If a taxpayer owns more than one home, she can designate the home that will be considered her principal residence for purposes of the Sec. 121 exclusion. 36) If a principal residence is sold before satisfying the ownership and use tests, part of the gain may be excluded if the sale is due to a change in employment, health, or unforeseen circumstances. 37) Ron and Fay live in Buffalo. They also own a condominium in Orlando (purchased in 2009) which they rent to vacationers. Ron and Fay will be retiring. They plan to live in the Orlando property for two and a half years. When they sell it, they will be able to exclude the full gain which is expected to be about $200,000. 38) All of the following qualify as a like-kind exchange except A) an apartment building held for investment for farmland used in a trade or business. B) a printer used in trade or business for a computer used in trade or business. C) improved real estate held for investment for unimproved real estate held for investment. D) an airplane used in trade or business for a general purpose truck used in trade or business. 39) Which of the following statements with respect to a like-kind exchange is false? A) Property of one class must be exchanged for property of the same class. B) An exchange of inventory does not qualify as a like-kind exchange. C) Personal property must be exchanged for personal property. D) Sale of property and subsequent purchase of like-kind property will always qualify as a like-kind exchange. 40) A owns a ranch in Wyoming, which B offers to purchase. A is not willing to sell the ranch but is willing to exchange the ranch for an apartment complex in Louisiana. The complex is available for sale. B purchases the apartment complex in Louisiana from C and transfers it to A in exchange for A's ranch. The ranch and the complex each have a $1,000,000 fair market value. Which of the following is true? A) The transaction qualifies as a like-kind exchange for B but not for A. B) The transaction qualifies as a like-kind exchange for both B and A. C) The transaction qualifies as a like-kind exchange for A but not for B. D) The transaction does not qualify as a like-kind exchange for either B or A. 41) Landry exchanged land with an adjusted basis of $50,000 for another parcel of land worth $35,000 plus $10,000 of cash. Landry held the original land for investment purposes and will do the same with the new parcel. Due to the exchange, Landry will recognize A) $10,000 gain. B) $5,000 gain. C) $5,000 loss. D) $0. 42) Dean exchanges business equipment with a $120,000 adjusted basis for $40,000 cash and business equipment with a $140,000 FMV. What is the amount of gain which Dean recognizes on the exchange? A) $0 B) $20,000 C) $40,000 D) $60,000 43) Daniella exchanges business equipment with a $100,000 adjusted basis for $10,000 cash and business equipment with a $96,000 FMV. What is the amount of gain recognized on the exchange? A) $0 B) $4,000 C) $6,000 D) $10,000 44) Gena exchanges land held as an investment with a $60,000 basis for other land with a $80,000 FMV and a motorcycle with a $10,000 FMV. The acquired land is to be held for investment and the motorcycle is for personal use. What is the amount of recognized gain? A) $0 B) $10,000 C) $20,000 D) $30,000 45) Pamela owns land for investment purposes. The land is worth $300,000 (basis of $260,000 to Pamela). Pamela exchanges the land, plus $20,000 cash, for a warehouse to be used in her business. The FMV of the warehouse is $400,000, but the warehouse is subject to a mortgage of $80,000, which is assumed by Pamela. Pamela must recognize a gain of A) $ 0. B) $ 40,000. C) $ 120,000. D) $ 140,000. 46) Bob owns a warehouse that is used in business while Rebecca owns land. Bob exchanges the warehouse for the land, which will be held for investment. The FMV of the warehouse is $440,000 (basis $240,000), but the warehouse is subject to a mortgage of $80,000, which is assumed by Rebecca. Bob receives $40,000 cash and the land, which has a FMV of $320,000. Bob realizes a gain (loss) on the exchange of A) $80,000. B) $120,000. C) $190,000. D) $200,000. 47) Emily owns land for investment purposes that has a FMV of $300,000 (basis of $260,000). She exchanges the land, plus $40,000 cash, for a warehouse to be used in her business. The warehouse is worth $420,000, but is subject to a mortgage of $80,000 which Emily will assume. The gain realized by Emily on the exchange is A) $40,000. B) $80,000. C) $120,000. D) $160,000. 48) Glen owns a building that is used in business. The building is worth $200,000, but is subject to a mortgage of $40,000. Glen's basis in the building is $120,000. Glen exchanges the building for investment land worth $150,000 plus $10,000 cash. In addition, the other party assumes the mortgage which will be held for investment. Glen must recognize a gain of A) $0. B) $10,000. C) $50,000. D) $80,000. 49) Kai owns an apartment building held for investment purposes. The apartment building is worth $500,000, although it is subject to a mortgage of $100,000. Kai's basis in the apartment building is $380,000. Kai exchanges the apartment building for an office building. The office building has an FMV of $350,000. Kai receives $50,000 cash in addition to receiving the office building, and the other party assumes the apartment building mortgage. What is Kai's recognized gain on this exchange? A) $0 B) $50,000 C) $120,000 D) $150,000 50) In a nontaxable exchange, Henri traded in a truck having an adjusted basis of $8,500 and a FMV of $10,000, for a new truck having a FMV of $15,000. In addition, Henri paid cash of $5,000. What is Henri's basis in the new truck? A) $5,000 B) $8,500 C) $13,500 D) $15,000 51) Bobbie exchanges business equipment (adjusted basis $160,000) for other business equipment that has a FMV of $140,000. Bobbie also receives $30,000 cash. Bobbie's basis in the new equipment is A) $130,000. B) $140,000. C) $160,000. D) $170,000. 52) Jason owns a warehouse that is used in business. The FMV of the warehouse is $200,000 (basis $120,000), and the warehouse is subject to a mortgage of $40,000. Jason exchanges the warehouse for land valued at $150,000. The other party also pays him $10,000 cash and assumes the mortgage on the warehouse. Jason's basis in the land received will be A) $120,000. B) $150,000. C) $180,000. D) $200,000. 53) Laurie owns land held for investment. The land's FMV is $150,000. Laurie's basis in the land is $130,000. Laurie exchanges the land, plus $20,000 of cash, for a warehouse owned by Trey. The warehouse is worth $210,000, but is subject to a mortgage of $40,000 which Laurie will assume. Trey's basis in the warehouse is $120,000. Laurie's basis in the warehouse received will be A) $150,000. B) $170,000. C) $190,000. D) $210,000. 54) Rosa exchanges business equipment with a $60,000 adjusted basis for a like-kind piece of equipment with a $100,000 FMV and $20,000 of marketable securities. What is Rosa's basis for the new equipment? A) $60,000 B) $80,000 C) $100,000 D) $120,000 55) If there is a like-kind exchange of property between related parties, how long do they have to wait to dispose of the property received in order to avoid having to recognize any gain on the exchange? A) 6 months B) 1 year C) 2 years D) no waiting period 56) Rolf exchanges an office building worth $150,000 for investment land worth $175,000. He also provided stock worth $25,000. Rolf's adjusted basis in the building and stock is $130,000 and $11,000, respectively. How much gain will Rolf recognize on the exchange? A) $0 B) $14,000 C) $20,000 D) $34,000 57) Yael exchanges an office building worth $150,000 for investment land worth $175,000. He also provided stock worth $25,000. Yael's adjusted basis in the building and stock is $180,000 and $11,000, respectively. How much gain or loss will Yael recognize on the exchange? A) $0 B) ($30,000) C) ($16,000) D) $14,000 58) Which of the following statements is not true with regard to like-kind exchanges? A) Nonrecognition of gains and losses is mandatory if the exchange is a like-kind exchange. B) The holding period of like-kind property received includes the holding period of the property exchanged. C) A loss is always recognized if the taxpayer transfers non-like-kind personal use property (e.g. a personal use car) in an otherwise like-kind exchange. D) The basis of property received in an exchange is equal to the basis of the property exchanged less the boot received plus the gain recognized and less any loss recognized. 59) All of the following are true except: A) A nonsimultaneous exchange may never qualify as a like-kind exchange. B) Nonrecognition of gains and losses is mandatory if the exchange is a like-kind exchange. C) A loss may be recognized on non-like-kind property (boot) if the taxpayer transfers the boot in an otherwise like-kind exchange. D) The holding period of like-kind property received includes the holding period of the property exchanged. 60) Cassie owns a Rembrandt painting she acquired on June 1, 2008 as an investment. She exchanges the painting on September 5, 2014, for a Picasso sculpture and marketable securities to be held as an investment. On what date does the sculpture's holding period begin? A) June 1, 2008 B) June 2, 2008 C) September 5, 2014 D) September 6, 2014 61) Juan's business delivery truck is destroyed in an accident. He paid $40,000 for the truck, and $30,000 of depreciation has been deducted during its period of use. The insurance company pays Juan $32,000 due to the accident. What is the minimum amount that Juan must spend on a new truck to avoid any gain recognition? A) $40,000 B) $32,000 C) $10,000 D) $22,000 62) Stephanie's building, which was used in her business, was destroyed in a fire. Stephanie's adjusted basis in the building was $175,000, and its FMV was $210,000. Stephanie filed an insurance claim and was reimbursed $200,000. In that same year, Stephanie invested $180,000 of the insurance proceeds in another business building. If the proper election is made, Stephanie will recognize gain of A) $ 0. B) $15,000. C) $20,000. D) $25,000. 63) Stephanie's building, which was used in her business, was destroyed in a fire. Stephanie's adjusted basis in the building was $175,000, and its FMV was $210,000. Stephanie filed an insurance claim and was reimbursed $200,000. In that same year, Stephanie invested $180,000 of the insurance proceeds in another business building. Assuming the proper election is made to defer gain, Stephanie's basis in the new building will be A) $175,000. B) $180,000. C) $200,000. D) $210,000. 64) Ron's building, which was used in his business, was destroyed in a fire. Ron's adjusted basis in the building was $210,000, and its FMV was $330,000. Ron filed an insurance claim and was reimbursed $300,000. In that same year, Ron invested $240,000 of the insurance proceeds in another business building. Ron will recognize gain of A) $0. B) $30,000. C) $60,000. D) $90,000. 65) Ron's building, which was used in his business, was destroyed in a fire. Ron's adjusted basis in the building was $210,000, and its FMV was $330,000. Ron filed an insurance claim and was reimbursed $300,000. In that same year, Ron invested $240,000 of the insurance proceeds in another business building. Ron's basis in the new building is A) $180,000. B) $210,000. C) $240,000. D) $330,000. 66) Which of the following statements is false regarding involuntary conversions? A) A taxpayer must replace the destroyed property within the same tax year in which the gain is realized. B) A taxpayer cannot elect to defer recognition of a loss resulting from an involuntary conversion. C) If deferral of gain is elected, the holding period of the converted property carries over to the replacement property. D) Gain may be deferred if the property is involuntarily converted into property that is similar or related in service or use to the converted property. 67) The building used in Tim's business was condemned by the city of Lafayette. Tim received a condemnation award of $125,000. He paid $1,200 in lawyer's fees and $800 for an appraisal of the property. Tim's adjusted basis in the building was $60,000. Tim reinvests in similar property costing $110,000, and Tim makes the proper election regarding the property. What is the amount of Tim's realized (not recognized) gain on the condemnation? A) $ 0 B) $50,000 C) $63,000 D) $65,000 68) The building used in Terry's business was condemned by the city of St. Louis. Terry received a condemnation award of $125,000. He paid $1,200 in lawyer's fees and $800 for an appraisal of the property. Terry's adjusted basis in the building was $60,000. Terry reinvests in similar property costing $110,000, and Terry makes the proper election regarding the property. What is the amount of Terry's recognized gain on the condemnation? A) $15,000 B) $13,000 C) $50,000 D) $63,000 69) Ed owns a racehorse with a $600,000 basis used for breeding purposes. The racehorse is killed in a tornado, and Ed collects $1,000,000 from the insurance company. He purchases another horse for $550,000. What is the amount of gain recognized on the transaction? A) $0 B) $50,000 C) $350,000 D) $400,000 70) The building used in Manuel's business was condemned by the city of Mobile. Manuel received a condemnation award of $220,000. He paid $800 in lawyer's fees and $600 for an appraisal of the property. Manuel's adjusted basis in the building was $120,000. Manuel reinvests in similar property costing $200,000, and Manuel makes the proper election regarding the property. Manuel's basis in the new building is A) $102,400. B) $121,400. C) $120,000. D) $200,000. 71) Which of the following statements regarding involuntary conversions is incorrect? A) With some exceptions, the replacement property must be similar or related in service or use to the property converted. B) The functional-use test is more restrictive than the like-kind test. C) The taxpayer-use test applies to the involuntary conversion of rental property owned by an investor. D) Real property used in a trade or business that is condemned must be replaced with property which has the same functional use as the converted property. 72) Each of the following is true of deferral of gain attributable to the involuntary conversion of personal property with the exception of A) gain deferral is elective, except for direct conversions. B) the replacement property may be acquired by gift, inheritance, or purchase. C) qualifying replacement property must be acquired within a specified time period. D) replacement property must be similar or related in service or use to the converted property. 73) Alex owns an office building which the state condemns on January 15, 2014. Alex receives the condemnation award on April 1, 2014. In order to qualify for nonrecognition of gain on this involuntary conversion, what is the last date for Alex to acquire qualified replacement property? A) January 15, 2016 B) January 15, 2017 C) December 31, 2016 D) December 31, 2017 74) According to Sec. 121, individuals who sell or exchange their personal residence may exclude part or all of the gain if the house was owned and occupied as a principal residence for A) at least five years immediately before the sale date. B) at least one year of the three-year period before the sale date. C) at least two years of the five-year period before the sale date. D) at least five years of the ten-year period before the sale date. 75) Mitchell and Debbie, both 55 years old and married, sell their personal residence to Sophie. Sophie pays $225,000 and assumes their $70,000 mortgage. To make the sale they pay $4,000 in commissions and $1,000 in legal costs. They have owned and lived in the house for seven years and their tax basis is $125,000. What is the amount of gain recognized on the sale? A) $0 B) $100,000 C) $165,000 D) $170,000 76) Bob and Elizabeth, both 55 years old and married, sell their personal residence to Wolfgang. Wolfgang pays $660,000 and assumes their $90,000 mortgage. To make the sale they pay $20,000 in commissions and $10,000 in legal costs. They have owned and lived in the house for seven years and their tax basis is $200,000. What is the amount of gain recognized on the sale? A) $0 B) $20,000 C) $50,000 D) $520,000 77) Frank, a single person age 52, sold his home this year. He had lived in the house for 10 years. He signed a contract on March 4 to sell his home and closed the sale on May 3. Sales price Selling expenses Replaced and paid for a broken window on March 2 Basis of old home before repairs and improvements $202,000 12,000 200 150,000 Based on these facts, what is the amount of his recognized gain? A) $0 B) $39,800 C) $40,000 D) $52,000 78) Pierce, a single person age 60, sold his home this year. He had lived in the house for 10 years. He signed a contract on March 4 to sell his home. Sales price Selling expenses Replaced and paid for a broken window on March 2 Basis of old home before repairs and improvements $600,000 15,000 800 310,000 Based on these facts, what is the amount of his recognized gain? A) $0 B) $25,000 C) $40,000 D) $275,000 79) On May 1 of this year, Ingrid sold her personal residence for $250,000. Commissions on the sale were $20,000. Ingrid also incurred $10,000 of costs for painting and repairs, which were all completed and paid for two weeks prior to the sale of her home. Ingrid's basis in her old home was $180,000. Ingrid's realized gain upon the sale of her first home is A) $ 0. B) $40,000. C) $50,000. D) $70,000. 80) William and Kate married in 2014 and purchased a new home together. Each had owned and lived in separate residences for the past 5 years. William's adjusted basis in his old residence was $200,000; Kate's adjusted basis in her old residence was $120,000. In late 2014, William sells his residence for $500,000 while Kate sells her residence for $190,000. What is the total gain to be excluded from these transactions in 2014? A) $0 B) $250,000 C) $320,000 D) $370,000 81) All of the following statements are true with regard to personal residences except: A) Temporarily renting property that was formerly the taxpayer's principal residence does not automatically preclude the use of Sec. 121. B) To qualify for favorable tax treatment under Sec. 121, the residence must be either the taxpayer's principal residence or a secondary residence. C) In the case of married taxpayers, an individual may claim the exclusion even if the individual's spouse used the exclusion within the past two years. D) Houseboats, house trailers, and condominium apartments may qualify as a principal residence. 82) Generally, a full exclusion of gain under Sec. 121 upon the sale of a personal residence applies to only one sale or exchange every A) six months. B) year. C) two years. D) five years. 83) Jenna, who is single, sold her principal residence on December 1, 2013, and excluded the $150,000 gain because she met the ownership and usage requirements under Sec. 121. Jenna purchased another residence in Pensacola on January 1, 2014 that she occupied until July 1, 2014 when she receives a new job offer from an employer in Miami. She sells the Pensacola residence on October 1, 2014 and realizes a gain of $40,000. Jenna may exclude what amount of the gain from the sale on October 1, 2014? A) $0 B) $10,000 C) $20,000 D) $40,000 84) Which of the following statements is false with regard to the ownership and use tests under Sec. 121? A) The taxpayer must be occupying the residence at the time of the sale in order for Sec. 121 to apply. B) If a principal residence is sold before satisfying the ownership and use tests, part of the gain may be excluded if the sale is due to a change in employment, health, or unforeseen circumstances. C) For purposes of the two-year ownership rule, a taxpayer's period of ownership includes the period during which the taxpayer's deceased spouse owned the residence. D) When a taxpayer receives a residence from a spouse or an ex-spouse incident to a divorce, the taxpayer's period of owning the property includes the time the residence was owned by the spouse or ex-spouse. 85) Under what circumstances can a taxpayer obtain a partial exclusion if a home is sold before the use and ownership tests are satisfied? A) change in employment that meets the requirement for a moving expense deduction B) increased traffic due to widening of a road C) birth of one child D) divorce 86) Which of the following is not an unforeseen circumstance for purposes of obtaining a partial exclusion of a gain on the sale of a home? A) loss of employment by the qualified individual if the individual is eligible for unemployment compensation B) natural or man-made disaster resulting in a casualty to the residence C) birth of one child D) divorce or legal separation 87) Sometimes taxpayers should structure a transaction to avoid the application of like-kind provisions. Which of the following conditions is likely to cause a taxpayer to avoid like-kind treatment? A) Expected higher tax rates in the future. B) Less accelerated depreciation provisions expected in the future. C) A decline in the value of the asset being disposed of. D) None of the above. 88) Which of the following statements in not correct regarding the compliance requirements of an involuntary conversion? A) The taxpayer elects the deferral by not reporting the gain as income for the first year in which the gain is realized although all relevant information regarding the vent will be reported. B) A taxpayer who recognized the full gain and paid the taxes can later file a refund claim to elect the deferral if qualified property is acquired before the expiration of the replacement period. C) A taxpayer elects to defer the full gain in the year the gain is realized (year one), and no gain is reported on that year's tax return. Qualified replacement property is acquired in the following year (year two), but the full insurance proceeds are not spent so some gain must be recognized. The partial gain recognition will be reported on the tax return for year two. D) A taxpayer properly elected to defer the full realized gain in year one and provides appropriate information on the replacement property. The taxpayer cannot later revoke the election and designate a different property as the replacement property. 89) Indicate with a "yes" or a "no" which of the following are like-kind exchanges. a. Computer used in trade or business for office furniture used in trade or business. b. Apartment building held as an investment for an office building used in trade or business. c. Land used in trade or business for equipment used in trade or business. d. Printer used in trade or business for printer used for personal purposes. e. Exchange of improved real estate held for investment for unimproved real estate held for investment. 90) Indicate with a "yes" or a "no" which of the following are like-kind exchanges (assume all assets are held for business or investment purposes). a. Exchange of common stock held as an investment for land held as an investment. b. Exchange of farmland for an apartment building. c. Exchange of office furniture used in trade or business for computer used in a trade or business d. Exchange of unimproved real estate for improved real estate. e. Exchange of automobile used in trade or business for office building used in trade or business 91) Amelia exchanges an office building with a $350,000 adjusted basis for an airplane with a $560,000 fair market value to be used in business. a. What is the amount of gain or loss realized by Amelia? b. What is the amount of gain or loss recognized by Amelia? 92) Cheryl owns 200 shares of Cornerstone Corporation common stock which has an adjusted basis of $60,000 and a fair market value of $75,000. John owns 200 shares of Cable Corporation with a $75,000 fair market value. a. If Cheryl and John exchange their stock, what is the amount of Cheryl's realized gain? b. If Cheryl and John exchange their stock, what is the amount of Cheryl's recognized gain? 93) Kevin exchanges an office building used in his business for another office building worth $200,000 plus $30,000 cash. The FMV of Kevin's old building is $280,000 (basis $150,000) and it is subject to a mortgage of $50,000. The mortgage is assumed by the other party. a. What is the amount of gain realized by Kevin? b. What is the amount of gain recognized by Kevin? c. What is the basis of the new building to Kevin? 94) Summer exchanges an office building used in her business for another office building. Summer's office building has a FMV of $250,000 (basis of $180,000). The FMV of the new building is $300,000, and it is subject to a mortgage of $60,000, which is assumed by Summer. Summer also pays the other party $40,000 cash. a. What is the amount of gain realized by Summer? b. What is the amount of gain recognized by Summer? c. What is the basis of the new building to Summer? 95) Trent, who is in the business of racing horses, exchanges a racehorse with a basis of $80,000 for $40,000 cash and a trotter (another racehorse) with a $150,000 fair market value. a. What is the amount of gain realized by Trent? b. What is the amount of gain recognized by Trent? c. What is the adjusted basis of the trotter? 96) Patricia exchanges office equipment with an adjusted basis of $20,000 for $5,000 cash and office equipment with a fair market value of $12,000. a. What is the gain or loss realized? b. What is the gain or loss recognized? c. What is the adjusted basis of the new office equipment? 97) Eric exchanges a printing press with an adjusted basis of $64,000 for a smaller model with a $100,000 fair market value. In addition, he receives $20,000 of marketable securities. a. What is the amount of gain realized by Eric? b. What is the amount of gain recognized by Eric? c. What is Eric's basis in the new printing press? d. What is Eric's basis in the marketable securities? 98) Olivia exchanges land with a $50,000 basis plus marketable securities with a $20,000 basis for a larger parcel of land worth $110,000 in a transaction that otherwise qualifies as a like-kind exchange. The FMV of the land and marketable securities exchanged by Olivia is $75,000 and $35,000 respectively. a. What is the amount of gain realized and recognized by Olivia on each asset? b. What is the amount of Olivia's basis in the new land? 99) Whitney exchanges timberland held as an investment for undeveloped land with a $300,000 FMV. Whitney's basis for the timberland is $150,000. She also transfers her tractor with a $15,000 basis and a $10,000 FMV as part of the exchange. a. What is the amount, if any, of gain or loss recognized on the transaction? b. What is the basis of the undeveloped land? 100) Marinda exchanges an office building worth $800,000 (basis is $820,000) for a warehouse worth $850,000. A part of the exchange she also transfers $50,000 worth of securities which she purchased for $40,000. a. What are Marinda's realized and recognized gains (losses) on the two assets exchanged? b. What is Marinda's basis in the warehouse acquired? 101) Luke's offshore drilling rig with a $700,000 adjusted basis is destroyed by a hurricane. He collects $620,000 from the insurance company and purchases a new drilling rig for $600,000. a. What are the tax consequences of these transactions? b. What is the basis of the new rig? 102) An office building owned by Abby and used in her business was destroyed in a fire. Abby's adjusted basis in the building was $145,000 and its FMV was $180,000. Abby filed an insurance claim and she was reimbursed $160,000. In that same year, Abby invested $150,000 of the insurance proceeds in another business building. a. Assume Abby made the proper election with regard to the involuntary conversion. What is the amount of gain to be recognized by Abby? b. What is Abby's basis in the new building? 103) Mick owns a racehorse with a $500,000 basis used for breeding purposes. The racehorse is killed in an accident and Mick receives $750,000 from the insurance company. Mick purchases another racehorse for $400,000. a. What is the amount of Mick's realized gain? b. What is the amount of Mick's recognized gain? 104) Theresa owns a yacht that is held for personal use and has a $100,000 basis. The yacht is destroyed by a storm and Theresa collects $120,000 from the insurance company. She purchases a new $150,000 yacht for personal use and elects to defer any gain on the transaction. What is the basis of the new yacht? 105) Kareem's office building is destroyed by fire on April 11, 2014. Settlement is reached with the insurance company on November 1, 2014 when he receives a check for $900,000. The property had recently been appraised for $920,000. Kareem's adjusted basis in the building was $800,000. a. What is Kareem's realized gain or loss? b. Assume Kareem wishes to defer the maximum amount of gain. Indicate: (1) the minimum amount that must be spent on a new property. (2) any restrictions on the new property in order for it to qualify. (3) the deadline for placing the new property in service. c. Assume that instead of a fire, the state forces Kareem to sell the property. Indicate how your responses to part b would differ. 106) Nicki is single and 46 years old. She sells her principal residence (adjusted basis $200,000) that she purchased ten years ago for $435,000. a. What is the amount of Nicki's recognized gain on the sale? b. Assume instead that Nicki sells the residence for $485,000. What is the amount of Nicki's recognized gain on the sale? c. Assume instead that Nicki has been married to Mike for the entire time they have owned and lived in the home. If they sell the home for $485,000, what is the amount of their recognized gain on the sale? 107) In 1997, Paige paid $200,000 to purchase a new residence. She paid a realtor $5,000 to help locate the house and paid legal fees of $3,000 to make certain that the seller had legal title to the property. Under the provisions of tax law in effect at the time of the purchase, she deferred a gain of $30,000 from the sale of a former residence in 1996. In 1999, she added a new porch to the house at a cost of $15,000 and installed central air conditioning at a cost of $12,000. Since purchasing the house, she has paid $2,000 in repairs. What is the adjusted basis of the home? 108) James and Ellen Connors, who are both 50 years old and married, sell their personal residence on July 25, 2014 for $950,000. They have lived in the home for 20 years. The basis of the home is $350,000. They purchased a new home for $1,000,000 in August 2014. After living in that home for 219 days, the Connors were forced to sell their new home in 2015 for $1,300,000 and move to another climate due to Ellen's severe health problems. a. What is the amount of gain recognized on the home sale in 2014? b. What is the amount of the gain recognized on the home sale in 2015? 109) Amber receives a residence ($750,000 FMV, $500,000 adjusted basis) owned for eight years by Jonathan, her former spouse, as part of a divorce settlement. Amber and Jonathan had lived in the home for the four years before the divorce. Seven months after the transfer of the residence, Amber sells it for $790,000. What is the amount of Amber's recognized gain on the sale of the home? 110) The Smiths owned and used their principal residence, with an adjusted basis of $250,000, for ten years. The house is destroyed by a tornado and the Smiths receive insurance proceeds of $800,000. Six months later, they purchase another residence for $850,000. a. What is the amount of gain the Smiths must recognize? b. What is the basis of the new residence? 111) Discuss the basis rules of property received in a nontaxable like-kind exchange. 112) Discuss the rules regarding the holding period for like-kind property received in a nontaxable exchange. 113) May a taxpayer elect under Sec. 1033 to defer recognition of loss resulting from an involuntary conversion? 114) Ike and Tina married and moved into their new home (purchase price $800,000) 18 months ago. They are thinking of selling the home which is now worth $1,300,000. They plan to reinvest in a smaller home costing approximately $600,000. What should they consider before selling their home? 115) Discuss why a taxpayer would want to avoid like-kind exchange provisions. Chapter 13 Property Transactions: Section 1231 and Recapture 1) Mark owns an unincorporated business and has $20,000 of Section 1231 gains and $22,000 of Section 1231 losses. He must report a capital loss of $2,000 on his tax return. 2) A net Sec. 1231 gain is treated as ordinary income to the extent of any nonrecaptured net Sec. 1231 losses for the preceding five years. 3) In 2014, Thomas, who has a marginal tax rate of 15%, sells land that is Sec. 1231 property at a gain of $4,000. If he has no other 1231 transactions or capital asset transactions and has no nonrecaptured 1231 gain, Thomas will pay no tax on the $4,000 gain. 4) Sec. 1231 property must satisfy a holding period of more than one year. 5) Depreciable property used in a trade or business for one year or less is considered Sec. 1231 property. 6) Any gain or loss resulting from the sale or disposition of depreciable property used in trade or business and held one year or less is considered ordinary. 7) The sale of inventory results in ordinary gain or loss. 8) Gains and losses from involuntary conversions of property used in a trade or business generally are classified as capital gains and losses. 9) Gains and losses resulting from condemnations of Sec. 1231 property and capital assets held more than one year are classified as ordinary gains and losses. 10) If the recognized losses resulting from involuntary conversions arising from casualty or theft exceed the recognized gains from such events (i.e. a net loss from the casualty), all of the involuntary conversions are treated as ordinary gains and losses. 11) If realized gain from disposition of business equipment exceeds total depreciation or cost recovery, a portion of the gain will receive Sec. 1231 treatment if the equipment's holding period is more than one year. 12) The purpose of Sec. 1245 is to eliminate the advantage taxpayers would have if they were able to reduce ordinary income by depreciation deductions and also receive favorable Sec. 1231 treatment when the asset was sold. 13) Sec. 1245 applies to gains on the sale of depreciable personal property, but it generally does not apply to depreciable real property. 14) If a taxpayer has gains on Sec. 1231 assets, Secs. 1245 and 1250 must be applied first to determine any amounts recaptured as ordinary income, and any excess gain may then be netted with Sec. 1231 losses for possible long-term capital gain treatment. 15) Sec. 1245 ordinary income recapture can apply to buildings placed in service prior to 1987. 16) Sec. 1245 can increase the amount of gain recognized on an asset. 17) Section 1250 could convert a portion of Sec. 1231 gain into ordinary income if the real property was placed in service prior to 1987 and accelerated depreciation was used. 18) For noncorporate taxpayers, depreciation recapture is not required on real property placed in service after 1986. 19) When corporate and noncorporate taxpayers sell real property placed in service after 1986, all depreciation taken will be taxed at a maximum rate of 25%. 20) Unrecaptured 1250 gain is the amount of long-term capital gain which would be taxed as ordinary income if Sec. 1250 provided for the recapture of all depreciation and not just additional depreciation. 21) The amount recaptured as ordinary income under either Sec. 1245 or Sec. 1250 can never exceed the realized gain. 22) Section 1250 does not apply to assets sold or exchanged at a loss. 23) In addition to the normal recapture rules of Sec. 1250, corporations which sell depreciable real estate are subject to additional recapture rules of Sec. 291. 24) The additional recapture under Sec. 291 is 25% of the difference between the amount that would have been recaptured if the property was Sec. 1245 property and the actual recapture under Sec. 1250. 25) Frisco Inc., a C corporation, placed a building in service in 2002 and deducted straight-line depreciation under the MACRS system in the normal manner. It sold the building this year for a substantial gain. Because straight-line depreciation was used, Frisco will not need to recognize any ordinary gain. 26) Gifts of appreciated depreciable property may trigger recapture of depreciation or cost-recovery deductions to the donor. 27) When a donee disposes of appreciated gift property, the recapture amount for the donee is computed by including the recapture amount attributable to the donor. 28) When appreciated property is transferred at death, the recapture potential carries over to the person who receives the property from the decedent. 29) If no gain is recognized in a nontaxable like-kind exchange involving Sec. 1245 or Sec. 1250 property, the recapture potential carries over to the replacement property. 30) When gain is recognized on an involuntary conversion, gain is subject to recapture under Sec. 1245 or Sec.1250. 31) Installment sales of depreciable property which result in recaptured income under Secs. 1245 or 1250 require that the recaptured income be recognized in the year of sale. 32) Costs of tangible personal business property which are expensed under Sec. 179 are subject to recapture if the property is converted to nonbusiness use before the end of the MACRS recovery period. 33) Gain recognized on the sale or exchange of property between related parties is capital if the property is subject to depreciation in the hands of the transferee. 34) Why did Congress establish favorable treatment for 1231 assets? A) to encourage the mobility of capital B) to allow a larger deduction for losses C) to help business owners replace assets which had declined in value D) All of the above 35) Jeremy has $18,000 of Section 1231 gains and $23,000 of Section 1231 losses. The gains and losses are characterized as A) Ordinary Capital Gain Capital Loss Income $18,000 Ordinary Loss $23,000 B) Ordinary Capital Gain Capital Loss Income $18,000 Ordinary Loss $23,000 C) Ordinary Capital Gain Capital Loss Income $18,000 $23,000 Ordinary Loss D) Ordinary Capital Gain Capital Loss Income $18,000 $3,000 Ordinary Loss $20,000 36) Pierce has a $16,000 Section 1231 loss, a $12,000 Section 1231 gain, and a salary of $50,000. What is the treatment of these items in Pierce's AGI? A) Pierce has a LTCG of $12,000 and a net ordinary income of $34,000. B) The 1231 gains and losses are treated as ordinary gains and losses making Pierce's AGI for the year $46,000. C) Pierce has a $3,000 LTCL which is deductible for AGI making AGI $47,000. He also has a $1,000 LTCL carryover. D) Pierce has net LTCG of $9,000 and $37,000 of net ordinary income. 37) Daniel recognizes $35,000 of Sec. 1231 gains and $25,000 of Sec. 1231 losses during the current year. The only other Sec. 1231 item was a $4,000 loss three years ago. This year, Daniel must report A) Ordinary NLTCG Income $10,000 $0 B) NLTCG $ 6,000 Ordinary Income $ 4,000 C) NLTCG $ 4,000 Ordinary Income $ 6,000 D) NLTCG $ 4,000 Ordinary Income $10,000 38) During the current year, Danika recognizes a $30,000 Section 1231 gain and a $22,000 Section 1231 loss. Prior to this, Danika's only Section 1231 item was a $15,000 loss two years ago. Danika must report a(n) A) $8,000 net LTCG. B) $8,000 ordinary income. C) $15,000 ordinary income. D) $8,000 ordinary income and $7,000 net LTCG. 39) During the current year, George recognizes a $30,000 Section 1231 gain on sale of land and a $18,000 Section 1231 loss on the sale of land. Prior to this, George's only Section 1231 item was a $14,000 loss six years ago. George must report a A) $12,000 net LTCG. B) $12,000 ordinary income. C) $14,000 ordinary income. D) $10,000 ordinary income and $2,000 net LTCG. 40) During the current year, Kayla recognizes a $40,000 Section 1231 gain on sale of land and a $22,000 Section 1231 loss on the sale of land. Prior to this, Kayla's only Section 1231 item was a $10,000 loss six years ago. Kayla is in the 28% marginal tax bracket. The amount of tax resulting from these transactions is A) $2,700. B) $3,600. C) $4,000. D) $5,040. 41) Blair, whose tax rate is 28%, sells one tract of land at a gain of $29,000 and another tract of land at a gain of $11,000. Both tracts of land are Sec. 1231 property. She has never had any other Sec. 1231 transactions. How are the gains taxed? A) ordinary income of $40,000 taxed at 28% B) a net capital gain of $40,000 which is not taxed C) a net capital gain of $40,000 taxed at 15% D) ordinary income of $40,000 taxed at 25% 42) For a business, Sec. 1231 property does not include A) timber, coal, or domestic iron ore. B) inventory purchased 24 months ago. C) an office building purchased five years ago. D) land used in the business that was purchased two years ago. 43) Which of the following assets is 1231 property? A) a machine used in the company's manufacturing operations B) an investment in corporate stock C) land held for investment D) items held for resale by a retailer 44) Section 1231 property will generally have all the following characteristics except A) real or depreciable property. B) used in trade or business. C) held for sale to customers. D) held for more than one year. 45) A corporation owns many acres of timber, which it acquired three years ago, and which has a $120,000 basis. The timber was cut last year for use in the corporation's business. The FMV of the timber on the first day of last year was $270,000. The corporation made the appropriate election to treat the cutting as a sale or exchange. The timber is sold for $300,000 this year. The tax result this year is A) recognition of capital gain of $30,000. B) recognition of Sec. 1231 gain of $30,000. C) recognition of ordinary income of $30,000. D) no income recognized since all recognition occurs in the year of the cutting of the timber. 46) A corporation owns many acres of timber, which it acquired three years ago, and which has a $150,000 basis for depletion. The timber is cut during the current year for use in the corporation's business. The FMV of the timber on the first day of the current year is $280,000. If the corporation makes the appropriate election, the tax result is A) recognition of a Sec. 1231 gain of $130,000. B) no recognition of gain or loss since the timber is used in the business. C) recognition of a gain at the time of sale if the timber is later sold with the gain equal to the sales price less the basis in the timber. D) recognition of a gain if the timber is later sold with the gain equal to the sales price less $280,000 (FMV on the first day of the year of the cutting). 47) In order to be considered Sec. 1231 property, all of the following livestock must be held for 12 months or more from date of acquisition except A) goats. B) hogs. C) sheep. D) cattle. 48) For livestock to be considered Section 1231 property, A) the livestock must be held for draft, breeding or dairy purposes, but not for sport. B) cattle and horses must be held for at least 12 months from the date of acquisition. C) cattle and horses must be held for at least 24 months from the date of acquisition. D) livestock other than cattle and horses must be held for at least 24 months from the date of acquisition. 49) If Section 1231 applies to the sale or exchange of an unharvested crop sold with land, the costs of producing the crop are A) capitalized. B) deducted as an expense of operations when incurred and also deducted from the sales price at the time of the sale. C) deducted when incurred if the land is sold but capitalized if the land is exchanged. D) deducted as an expense of operations when incurred. 50) Dinah owned land with a FMV of $130,000 (adjusted basis $120,000) which is investment property (a capital asset). Dinah owned a second tract of land, a 1231 asset, with a FMV of $46,000 (adjusted basis $50,000). Both tracts were acquired in 2001 and condemned by the state this year. The state paid an amount equal to FMV. If there are no other transactions involving capital assets or 1231 assets, Dinah must report on her current year return A) $6,000 net ordinary income. B) $6,000 net section 1231 gain treated as a net capital gain. C) a LTCG of $10,000 and a 1231 loss of $4,000. D) a LTCG of $10,000 and a nondeductible loss of $4,000. 51) Emma owns a small building ($120,000 basis and $123,000 FMV) and equipment ($35,000 basis and $22,000 FMV). Both assets were acquired three years ago, are used in Emma's business, and are depreciated using straight-line depreciation. Both are destroyed by fire. Insurance proceeds were equal to their FMVs. Only one other transfer of an asset occurs during the year, and a $3,000 LTCL is recognized. After considering all transactions, the tax result to Emma is a A) $13,000 NLTCL. B) $13,000 ordinary loss. C) $3,000 LTCG; $3,000 LTCL; and $13,000 ordinary loss. D) $10,000 net ordinary loss and a $3,000 NLTCL. 52) Cassie owns equipment ($45,000 basis and $30,000 FMV) and a building ($152,000 basis and $158,000 FMV), which are used in Cassie's business. Cassie has used straight-line depreciation for both assets, which were acquired two years ago. Both the equipment and the building are destroyed in a fire, and Cassie collects insurance proceeds equal to the assets' FMV. The tax result to Cassie for this transaction is a A) $15,000 Sec. 1231 loss and a $6,000 ordinary gain. B) $15,000 ordinary loss and a $6,000 ordinary gain. C) $15,000 ordinary loss and a $6,000 Sec. 1231 gain. D) $15,000 Sec. 1231 loss and a $6,000 Sec. 1231 gain. 53) Harry owns equipment ($50,000 basis and $38,000 FMV) and a building ($140,000 basis and $156,000 FMV), which are used in his business. Harry uses straight-line depreciation for both assets, which were acquired several years ago. Both the equipment and the building are destroyed in a fire, and Harry collects insurance proceeds equal to the assets' FMV. The tax result to Harry for this transaction is A) the involuntary conversions are treated as ordinary gains and losses. B) the involuntary conversions are treated as Sec. 1231 gains and losses. C) the loss on involuntary conversion is treated as a Sec. 1231 loss while the gain is treated as an ordinary gain. D) the loss on involuntary conversion is treated as an ordinary loss while the gain is treated as a Sec. 1231 gain. 54) Terry has sold equipment used in her business. She acquired the equipment three years ago for $50,000 and has recognized $30,000 of depreciation across the years in use. In order to recognize any Sec. 1231 gain, she must sell the equipment for more than A) $0. B) $20,000. C) $30,000. D) $50,000. 55) During the current year, Hugo sells equipment for $150,000. The equipment cost $175,000 when placed in service two years ago, and $55,000 of depreciation deductions were allowed. The results of the sale are A) LTCG of $30,000. B) Sec. 1231 gain of $30,000. C) Sec. 1245 ordinary income $30,000. D) Sec. 1250 ordinary income of $30,000. 56) During the current year, a corporation sells equipment for $300,000. The equipment cost $270,000 when purchased and placed in service two years ago and $60,000 of depreciation deductions were allowed. The results of the sale are A) ordinary income of $90,000. B) Sec. 1231 gain of $90,000. C) ordinary income of $60,000 and LTCG of $30,000. D) ordinary income of $60,000 and Sec. 1231 gain of $30,000. 57) Section 1245 recapture applies to all the following except A) depreciable personal property. B) assets sold or exchanged at a loss. C) total depreciation or amortization allowed or allowable. D) amortizable intangible personal property. 58) All of the following statements are true regarding Sec. 1245 are true except A) Sec. 1245 does not apply to any buildings placed in service after 1986. B) Sec. 1245 applies to assets sold or exchanged at a gain or at a loss. C) Sec. 1245 property includes nonresidential real estate that qualified as recovery property under the ACRS rules unless the taxpayer elected to use the straight-line method of cost recovery. D) Sec. 1245 ordinary applies to total depreciation or amortization allowed or allowable but not more than the realized gain. 59) An unincorporated business sold two warehouses during the current year. The straight-line depreciation method was used for the first building and the accelerated method (ACRS) was used for the second building. Information about those buildings is presented below. Date acquired Cost Accum. Depreciation Straight-line ACRS depreciation Selling Price Building No. 1 Building No. 2 1986 1986 $800,000 $900,000 800,000 80,000 900,000 400,000 How much gain from these sales should be reported as section 1231 gain and ordinary income due to depreciation recapture by the owner of the business? A) Section 1231 Gain $480,000 Ordinary Income $0 B) Section 1231 Gain $ 80,000 Ordinary Income $400,000 C) Section 1231 Gain $0 Ordinary Income $480,000 D) Section 1231 Gain $400,000 Ordinary Income $ 80,000 60) A building used in a business for more than a year is sold. Sec. 1250 will not cause depreciation recapture if A) the building is fully depreciated. B) the building was placed in service after 1986. C) straight-line depreciation was used. D) all of the above. 61) With respect to residential rental property A) 80% or more of the gross rental income from the building or structure must be rental income from dwelling units in order for it to be classified as residential rental property. B) hotels are not included in this category if less than half of the units are used on a transient basis. C) 80% or more of the net rental income from the building or structure must be rental income from dwelling units in order for it to be classified as residential rental property. D) gain is not subject to the depreciation recapture provisions if the property is held more than one year. 62) Marta purchased residential rental property for $600,000 on January 1, 1985. Total ACRS deductions for 1985 through the date of sale amounted to $600,000. If the straight-line method of depreciation had been used, depreciation would have been $600,000. The property is sold for $750,000 on January 1 of the current year. The amount and character of the gain is A) $750,000 Sec. 1231 gain. B) $150,000 Sec. 1231 gain and $600,000 ordinary income. C) $750,000 ordinary gain due to Sec 1245. D) $750,000 ordinary gain due to Sec. 1250. 63) Emily, whose tax rate is 28%, owns an office building which she purchased for $900,000 on March 18 of last year. The building is sold for $950,000 on February 20 of this year when the adjusted basis of the building was $876,000. The tax results to Emily are A) $74,000 1231 gain taxed at 15%. B) $74,000 ordinary income taxed at 28%. C) $24,000 1250 unrecaptured gain taxed at 25% and $50,000 1231 gain taxed at 15%. D) $24,000 1231 gain taxed at 15% and $50,000 ordinary income taxed at 28%. 64) In 1980, Mr. Lyle purchased a factory building to use in business for $480,000. When Mr. Lyle sells the building for $580,000, he has taken depreciation of $470,000. Straight-line depreciation would have been $400,000. Mr. Lyle must report A) $570,000 of ordinary gain. B) $570,000 of Sec. 1231 gain. C) $70,000 of ordinary income and $500,000 of Sec. 1231 gain. D) $470,000 of ordinary gain and $100,000 of Sec. 1231 gain. 65) Ross purchased a building in 1985, which he uses in his manufacturing business. Ross uses the ACRS statutory rates to determine the cost-recovery deduction for the building. Ross's original cost for the building is $500,000 and cost-recovery deductions allowed are $500,000. If the building is sold for $340,000, the tax results to Ross are A) $340,000 LTCG. B) $340,000 Sec. 1231 gain. C) $340,000 Sec. 1245 ordinary income. D) $340,000 Sec. 1250 ordinary income. 66) Eric purchased a building in 2003 that he uses in his business. Eric uses the straight-line method for the building. Eric's original cost for the building is $420,000 and cost-recovery deductions are $120,000. Eric is in the top tax bracket and has never sold any other business assets. If the building is sold for $560,000, the tax results are A) $260,000 Sec. 1231 gain, all taxable at 20%. B) $260,000 unrecaptured Sec. 1250 gain, all taxable at 25%. C) $260,000 Sec. 1231 gain, of which $120,000 is unrecaptured Sec. 1250 gain taxable at 25% and the $140,000 balance is taxable at 20%. D) $120,000 Sec. 1245 ordinary income, $140,000 Sec. 1231 gain taxable at 20%. 67) With regard to noncorporate taxpayers, all of the following statements are true regarding Sec. 1250 recapture except A) Sec. 1250 affects the character of the gain, not the amount of the gain. B) Sec. 1250 applies to assets sold or exchanged at either a gain or a loss. C) Sec. 1250 ordinary income does not exist if the straight-line method of depreciation is used. D) Sec. 1250 ordinary income is never more than the additional depreciation allowed. 68) In 1980, Artima Corporation purchased an office building for $400,000 for use in its business. The building is sold during the current year for $550,000. Total depreciation allowed for the building was $350,000; straight-line would have been $320,000. As result of the sale, how much section 1231 gain will Artima Corporation report? A) $350,000 B) $406,000 C) $320,000 D) $500,000 69) A corporation sold a warehouse during the current year. The straightline depreciation method was used. Information about the building is presented below: Date acquired Cost Accumulated Depreciation - Straightline Selling Price 1984 $800,000 620,000 890,000 How much gain should the corporation report as section 1231 gain? A) $124,000 B) $620,000 C) $586,000 D) $710,000 70) Octet Corporation placed a small storage building in service in 1999. Octet's original cost for the building is $800,000 and the cost recovery deductions are $300,000. This year the building is sold for $1,100,000. The amount and character of the gain are A) Ordinary gain of $60,000 and Sec. 1231 gain of $540,000. B) Ordinary gain of $300,000 and Sec. 1231 gain of $300,000. C) Ordinary gain of $600,000. D) Sec. 1231 gain of $600,000. 71) Maura makes a gift of a van to a local food bank run by a charity. Maura had used the van in her trade or business. The van has a FMV of $6,500; a cost of $31,000; and $27,000 depreciation claimed. What is the amount of Maura's charitable contribution deduction? A) $6,500 B) $31,000 C) $4,000 D) $2,500 72) A taxpayer purchased a factory building in 1985 for $800,000. After claiming ACRS-accelerated depreciation of $800,000, she sells the asset for $1,000,000 during the current year. No payment is received during the current year, and the $1,000,000 balance to be paid with interest at the interest rate in four annual payments beginning one year from date of sale. The installment sales method is adopted. How much ordinary income is recognized in the current year? A) $ 0 B) $200,000 C) $800,000 D) $1,000,000 73) Douglas bought office furniture two years and four months ago for $25,000 to use in his business and elected to expense all of it under Sec. 179. Depreciation of $3,500 would have been taken under the MACRS rules. If Douglas converts the furniture to nonbusiness use today, Douglas must A) amend the prior two years tax returns. B) include $3,500 in gross income in year of conversion. C) include $21,500 in gross income in year of conversion. D) include $25,000 in gross income in year of conversion. 74) Clarise bought a building three years ago for $180,000 to use in her business. The straight-line method of depreciation was used and $15,000 of depreciation deductions were allowed. During the current year, Clarise sells the building to her wholly-owned corporation for $235,000. The tax results to Clarise are A) $70,000 ordinary income. B) $70,000 of Sec. 1231 gain. C) $55,000 ordinary income and $15,000 Sec. 1231 gain. D) $15,000 of ordinary income and $55,000 Sec. 1231 gain. 75) All of the following are considered related parties for purposes of Sec. 1239 recapture with the exception of A) an individual and a partnership where the individual has a one-fourth interest in the partnership. B) an individual and a corporation where the individual owns more than 50% of the value of the outstanding stock of the corporation. C) an individual and a corporation where the individual's spouse owns more than 50% of the value of the outstanding stock of the corporation. D) an individual and a partnership where the individual owns more than 50% of the capital of the partnership. 76) Cobra Inc. sold stock for a $25,000 loss five years ago. It has been carrying over the capital loss for five years, and the loss will expire at the end of this year because Cobra has not had any capital gains. Earlier this year Cobra sold a parcel of land held four years for business use and will recognize a $30,000 gain. Cobra is thinking about selling some machinery used in its business for the past three years. During this time technology has dramatically changed so Cobra will recognize a $32,000 loss on the sale of the machinery. Cobra is trying to decide whether to sell the machinery at year-end or early next year. Cobra is profitable and has a consistent marginal tax rate of 35%. When should Cobra sell the equipment? A) current year B) early next year C) current year, but arrange an installment sale to spread the loss recognition over the two years D) either the current year or next year 77) Lucy, a noncorporate taxpayer, experienced the following Section 1231 gains and losses during the years 2009 through 2014. Her first disposition of a Sec. 1231 asset occurred in 2009. Assuming Lucy had no capital gains and losses during that time period, what is the tax treatment in each of the years listed? Section 1231 Gains Section 1231 Losses 2009 $10,000 $ 8,000 2010 $18,000 $23,000 2011 $ 9,000 $13,000 2012 $22,000 $16,000 2013 $25,000 $17,000 2014 $11,000 $18,000 78) Jillian, whose tax rate is 39.6%, had the following sales of Section 1231 property this year: Sale of land at a gain of $15,000 Sale of land at a gain of $12,000 Sale of land at a loss of $8,000 a. What is the amount of her resulting tax liability? b. Assume instead that Jillian has a 15% marginal tax rate. What is the amount of her resulting tax liability? c. Assume instead that Jillian has a 28% marginal tax rate. What is the amount of her resulting tax liability? 79) Hilton, a single taxpayer in the 28% marginal tax bracket, has $16,000 of nonrecaptured net Sec. 1231 losses, at the beginning of a year in which he had the following transactions: -Sale of Asset A at a $10,000 1231 gain, all of which is unrecaptured Sec. 1250 gain -Sale of Asset B at a $13,000 1231 gain How are the items reported this year and at which rate(s) are the amounts taxed? 80) Indicate whether each of the following assets are capital assets, Sec. 1231 assets, or ordinary income property (property which, if sold, results in ordinary income). Assume that all of the property is held for more than one year. a. XYZ Corporation owns land used as an employee parking lot. How is the parking lot classified for tax purposes? b. Montana Corporation owns land held as an investment. How is the land classified for tax purposes? c. John, a self-employed electrician, owns an automobile he uses strictly for personal use. How is the automobile classified for tax purposes? d. Jan, a self-employed contractor, owns a truck she uses exclusively in her trade or business. How is the truck classified for tax purposes? e. Leslie owns an office building where her accounting practice is located. What is the classification of the building? f. Yvonne owns a computer for use in her job as a sales representative. She does not use the computer for personal purposes. How is the computer classified for tax purposes? 81) Sarah owned land with a FMV of $150,000 (adjusted basis $135,000) which is investment property (a capital asset). Sarah owned a second tract of land, a 1231 asset, with a FMV of $38,000 (adjusted basis $55,000). Both tracts were acquired in 2000 and condemned by the state this year. The state paid an amount equal to FMV. If there are no other transactions involving capital assets or 1231 assets, what is the amount that Sarah must report on her current year return? 82) Elaine owns equipment ($23,000 basis and $15,000 FMV) and a building ($136,000 basis and $148,000 FMV), which are used in her business. Elaine uses straight-line depreciation for both assets, which were acquired several years ago. Both the equipment and the building are destroyed in a fire, and Elaine collects insurance proceeds equal to the assets' FMV. a. What is the tax treatment of these two transactions? b. Assume that Elaine is only able to collect $3,000 from the insurance company for the equipment loss. What is the tax treatment of the two transactions (assume the basis and insurance reimbursement remain the same for the building). 83) The following gains and losses pertain to Jimmy's business assets that qualify as Sec. 1231 property. Jimmy does not have any nonrecaptured net Sec. 1231 losses from previous years, and the portion of gain recaptured as ordinary income due to the depreciation recapture provisions has been eliminated. Gain due to insurance reimbursement for hurricane damage Loss due to condemnation $21,000 Gain due to the sale of Sec. 1231 property $18,000 Describe the specific tax treatment of each of these transactions. $24,000 84) The following gains and losses pertain to Arnold's business assets that qualify as Sec. 1231 property. Arnold does not have any nonrecaptured net Sec. 1231 losses from previous years, and the portion of gain recaptured as ordinary income due to the depreciation recapture provisions has been eliminated. Loss from hurricane damage Loss due to condemnation Gain due to the sale of Sec. 1231 property $25,000 $20,000 $16,000 Describe the specific tax treatment of each of these transactions. 85) The following are gains and losses recognized in 2014 on Ann's business assets that were held for more than one year. The assets qualify as Sec. 1231 property. Gain due to insurance reimbursement for casualty$20,000 Gain due to a condemnation 30,000 Loss due to the sale of Sec. 1231 property 17,000 A summary of Ann's net Sec. 1231 gains and losses for the previous fiveyear period is as follows: Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Sec. 1231 Gain Net 1231 Losses $5,000 $3,000 $17,000 $12,000 $10,000 Cumulative Nonrecaptured Sec. 1231 Loss $0 $3,000 $20,000 $8,000 $18,000 Describe the specific tax treatment of each of the current year transactions. 86) Network Corporation purchased $200,000 of five-year equipment on March 24, 2012. They elected to expense $60,000 of the cost under Sec. 179 in effect that year. After depreciating the equipment $28,000 in 2012 and $22,400 in 2013, the equipment was sold for $190,000. a. What is the amount of the realized gain (or loss) on the sale? b. How is the gain or loss taxed? 87) On June 1, 2011, Buffalo Corporation purchased and placed in service 7-year MACRS tangible property costing $100,000. On November 10, 2014, Buffalo sold the property for $102,000 after having taken MACRS $47,525 in depreciation deductions. What is the amount and character of Buffalo's gain? 88) An unincorporated business sold two warehouses during the current year. The straight-line depreciation method was used for Building No. 1 and the accelerated method (ACRS) was used for Building No. 2. Information about those buildings is presented below. Date acquired Cost Accum. Depreciation Straight-line ACRS depreciation Selling Price Building No. 1 1984 $510,000 Building No. 2 1984 $650,000 510,000 750,000 650,000 825,000 How much gain from these sales should be reported as section 1231 gain and ordinary income due to depreciation recapture? 89) Jed sells an office building during the current year for $800,000. The building was purchased in 1980 for $350,000. Jed had depreciated the building under an accelerated method, but it is now fully depreciated. Jed has never had any other Sec. 1231 transactions. a. What is the recognized gain or loss on the sale of the building and the character of the gain? b. How will the gain be taxed? 90) Pam owns a building used in her trade or business that was placed into service in 2002. The building cost $450,000 and depreciation to date amounts to $200,000. Pam sells the building for $380,000. It is the only asset she sells this year, and she has no nonrecaptured Sec. 1231 losses. What is the amount of recognized gain and the nature of the gain? How will the gain be taxed? 91) Julie sells her manufacturing plant and land originally purchased in 1980. Accelerated depreciation had been taken on the building, but the building is now fully depreciated. Julie is in the 39.6% marginal tax bracket. Other information is as follows: Property Original cost Total depreciation Adjusted basis Selling price Plant $2,800,000 $2,800,000 $0 $3,000,000 Land $ 500,000 $500,000 $800,000 She has not sold any other assets this year. A review of her file indicates that the only asset dispositions in the past five years was a truck sold for a $10,000 loss last year. What are the tax consequences of the sale (type of gain; rates at which taxed)? 92) Connors Corporation sold a warehouse during the current year for $980,000. The building had been acquired in 1980 at a cost of $830,000. The building is fully depreciated. What is the amount and nature of the gain or loss on the sale of the warehouse? 93) WAM Corporation sold a warehouse during the current year for $830,000. The building had been acquired in 1989 at a cost of $730,000 and had total straight-line depreciation of $510,000. What is the amount and nature of the gain or loss on the sale of the warehouse? 94) Describe the tax treatment for a noncorporate taxpayer in the 39.6% marginal tax bracket who sells each of the first two assets for $500,000 and each of the second two assets for $750,000. Each asset was purchased in 2010 and is used in a trade or business. There are no other gains and losses and no nonrecaptured Section 1231 losses. Original Basis Adjusted Basis Land $350,000 $350,000 Equipment $600,000 $450,000 Equipment $600,000 $500,000 Building $550,000 $450,000 95) Jacqueline dies while owning a building with a $1,000,000 FMV. The building is classified as Sec. 1245 property acquired in 1985 for $850,000. Cost-recovery deductions of $850,000 have been claimed. Pam inherits the property. a. What is the amount of Pam's basis in the property? b. What is the amount of cost-recovery deductions that Pam must recover if she immediately sells the building? 96) Melissa acquired oil and gas properties for $600,000. During 2013 she elected to expense the $180,000 of IDC. Total depletion allowed was $50,000. During the current year, Melissa sells the property for $700,000. a. What is the amount of and nature of her gain using the facts above? b. What is the amount of and nature of her gain assuming that she sold the property for $850,000? 97) Pete sells equipment for $15,000 to Marcel, his son. The equipment cost $20,000 and has accumulated depreciation of $12,000. Marcel will use the equipment in his business. a. What is the amount and character of Pete's gain on the sale? b. How does your answer change if the sales price is $22,000? 98) What is the purpose of Sec. 1245 and what is its significance? 99) Jesse installed solar panels in front of his office building in 2013. The panels are not attached to the building. After using the solar panels for 13 months, Jesse decided to replace them with a newer model to obtain a greater savings on electricity costs. Jesse sold the old solar panels for an amount greater than his original purchase price. What tax issues should be considered with purchase, use and sale of the original solar panels? 100) Brian purchased some equipment in 2014 which he intends to use in his trade or business. He approaches you to assist him in planning for the ultimate disposal of the asset—whether it be by sale, charitable contribution to the local university, gift to his sister for use in her business, or some other means. Discuss the tax considerations. Chapter 14 Special Tax Computation Methods, Tax Credits, and Payment of Tax 1) The alternative minimum tax applies to individuals, corporations, estates, and trusts. 2) The alternative minimum tax applies to individuals only if it exceeds the taxpayer's regular income tax liability. 3) For purposes of the AMT, the standard deduction, but not the personal and dependency exemptions, is allowed. 4) An example of an AMT tax preference is the excess of MACRS depreciation on equipment over depreciation computed by using the the 150% declining balance method. 5) All tax-exempt bond interest income is classified as an AMT preference. 6) Casualty and theft losses in excess of 10% of AGI are deductible for AMT purposes. 7) Medical expenses in excess of 10% of AGI are deductible when computing AMT. 8) For purposes of the AMT, only the foreign tax credit and refundable personal credits are allowed to reduce the tentative minimum tax. 9) A taxpayer who paid AMT in prior years, but is not subject to the AMT in the current year, may be entitled to an AMT credit against his regular tax liability in the current year. 10) If an individual is classified as an employee, the employer is required to withhold the employee's share of the FICA tax and to provide a matching amount. 11) Self-employed individuals are subject to the self-employment tax if their net earnings are more than the personal exemption amount. 12) One-half of the self-employment tax imposed is allowed as a for AGI deduction. 13) If an individual is an employee and also has self-employment income, the maximum tax base for computing self-employment tax is reduced by the wages that are subject to the FICA tax. 14) A self-employed individual has earnings from his business of $300,000. For the earnings in excess of the $117,000, he will only have to pay the 2.9% Medicare tax. 15) When a husband and wife file a joint return and both have selfemployment income, the self-employment tax must be computed separately. 16) Nonrefundable credits may offset tax liability but may not result in additional payments to the taxpayer. 17) The child and dependent care credit provides relief for working taxpayers who pay for care for younger children or an incapacitated dependent or spouse. 18) For purposes of the child and dependent care credit, qualifying employment-related expenses cannot include payments to a relative. 19) For purposes of the limitation on qualifying expenses for the child and dependent care credit, a spouse who is either a full-time student or is incapacitated is deemed to have earned income of $250 per month, or $500 per month if there are two or more qualifying individuals in the household. 20) The adoption credit based on qualified adoption expenses is generally allowed in the year the adoption is finalized. 21) Taxpayers with income below phase-out amounts are allowed a child credit of $1,000 for each qualifying child under age 17. 22) Qualified tuition and related expenses eligible for the American Opportunity Tax Credit are limited to those incurred the first two years of postsecondary education. 23) Brad and Shelly's daughter is starting her freshman year of college. Brad and Shelly will be able to claim the American Opportunity Tax Credit for a percentage of the cost of tuition and room and board. 24) To claim the Lifetime Learning Credit, a student must take at least one-half of a full-time course load during the year. 25) The qualified retirement savings contributions credit is based on a maximum contribution of $2,000. 26) In lieu of a foreign tax credit, a taxpayer may elect to take a deduction for foreign taxes paid or accrued. 27) The foreign tax credit is equal to the smaller of foreign taxes paid or accrued in the tax year or the portion of the U.S. income tax liability attributable to the income earned in all foreign countries. 28) The general business credits are refundable credits. 29) A credit for rehabilitation expenditures is available to a business for the purchase price of a building originally placed in service before 1936. 30) The nonrefundable disabled access credit is available to eligible small businesses for expenditures incurred to make existing business facilities accessible to disabled individuals. 31) Research expenses eligible for the research credit include costs that are incident to the development or improvement of a product or component. 32) A taxpayer's tentative minimum tax exceeds his net income tax so he will be paying the alternative minimum tax this year. The taxpayer has a sole proprietorship through which he has earned general business credits. The taxpayer can reduce his AMT to the extent of his general business credits. 33) The earned income credit is refundable only if a tax has been withheld. 34) The earned income credit is available only to taxpayers with qualifying children. 35) The health insurance premium assistance credit is designed to help lower and middle income taxpayers who purchase their own health insurance insurance directly from an insurance company or through a state or federal exchange. 36) If an employee has more than one employer during the year, all employers must withhold federal income taxes but only one employer must withhold FICA tax. 37) If estimated tax payments equal or exceed 100% of the actual tax liability for the prior year, there is generally (assuming AGI less than or equal to $150,000) no penalty for underpayment of estimated taxes. 38) Bob's income can vary widely from year-to-year because much of his compensation comes from sales commissions and bonuses. It generally is in the $200,000 to $300,000 range. To minimize the risk of underpayment penalties for estimated tax he should pay in, through payroll withholding and estimated tax payments, 100% of the prior year tax liability. 39) Nonrefundable personal tax credits are allowed against the taxpayer's tax liability before other credits are claimed. 40) Jake and Christina are married and file a joint return for 2014 with taxable income of $100,000 and tax preferences and adjustments of $20,000 for AMT purposes. Their regular tax liability is $16,713. What is the amount of their total tax liability? A) $6,859 B) $9,854 C) $16,713 D) $26,567 41) In computing the alternative minimum taxable income, no deduction is allowed for A) alimony. B) moving expenses. C) personal exemptions. D) individual retirement account contributions. 42) Harley's tentative minimum tax is computed by multiplying the AMT tax rates by her A) taxable income. B) alternative minimum tax base. C) alternative minimum taxable income. D) tentative alternative taxable income. 43) In 2014 Charlton and Cindy have alternative minimum taxable income of $130,000 and file a joint return. For purposes of computing the alternative minimum tax, their exemption is A) $0. B) $7,900. C) $52,800. D) $82,100. 44) Reva and Josh Lewis had alternative minimum taxable income of $350,000 in 2014 and file a joint return. For purposes of computing the alternative minimum tax, their exemption is A) $33,725. B) $52,800. C) $48,375. D) $82,100. 45) In computing AMTI, tax preference items are A) excluded. B) added only. C) subtracted only. D) either added or subtracted. 46) In computing AMTI, adjustments are A) limited. B) added only. C) subtracted only. D) either added or subtracted. 47) All of the following are allowable deductions under the alternative minimum tax except A) charitable contributions. B) gambling losses. C) qualified housing interest. D) personal property taxes. 48) Suzanne, a single taxpayer, has the following tax information for the current year. • Charitable contribution of real property with a FMV of $25,000 (adjusted basis $20,000) for which a $25,000 deduction was taken. • Research and experimental expenses of $40,000 deducted in full for regular tax. Suzanne's total tax preferences and adjustments equals A) $5,000. B) $36,000. C) $41,000. D) $45,000. 49) Rex has the following AMT adjustments: -Depreciation of real property acquired in 1996 using MACRS is $22,000 while depreciation for AMT purposes is $15,000. -R&E expenditures amounting to $60,000 are expensed. The net adjustment is A) $7,000. B) $54,000. C) $61,000. D) $67,000. 50) Lavonne has a regular tax liability of $13,356 on taxable income of $70,000. She also has tax preferences of $25,000 and positive adjustments attributable to limitations on itemized deductions of $15,000. Lavonne is single and takes a $3,950 personal exemption for herself only. Lavonne's alternative minimum tax for 2014 is A) $0. B) $2,543. C) $16,271. D) none of the above. 51) Self-employment taxes include components for A) Medicare hospital insurance and SUTA. B) Social Security and FUTA. C) FICA and FUTA. D) Social Security and Medicare hospital insurance. 52) A wage cap does not exist for which of the following selfemployment taxes? A) Social Security tax B) FICA C) FUTA D) Medicare hospital insurance 53) If an individual is liable for self-employment tax, a portion of the self-employment tax is A) a for AGI deduction. B) from AGI as an itemized deduction. C) a Schedule C business expense. D) nondeductible. 54) John has $55,000 net earnings from a sole proprietorship. John is also employed by a major corporation and is paid $25,000. John's selfemployment tax (rounded) for 2014 is A) $3,886. B) $4,208. C) $7,771. D) $8,415. 55) Joe has $130,000 net earnings from a sole proprietorship. Joe's selfemployment tax (rounded) for 2014 is A) $17,990. B) $18,368. C) $19,890. D) None of the above. 56) Hong earns $127,300 in her job as a physician's assistant. She also has her own business selling cosmetics. This business generated $10,000 of earnings. What is Hong's self-employment tax for 2014? A) $268 B) $290 C) $1,412 D) $1,530 57) Ava has net earnings from self-employment of $125,000. She also earned salary of $170,000 from a job held earlier in the year. How much Additional Medicare Tax will be owed on the self-employment income? A) $0 B) $769 C) $855 D) $3,625 58) All of the following statements regarding self-employment income/tax are true except: A) The self-employment tax is imposed on net earnings from selfemployment over $400. B) Self-employment tax is computed separately for married individuals filing joint returns. C) Independent contractors are subject to self-employment tax on the amount of net earnings from the self-employment activity. D) Employees who have a business in addition to their regular employment are not subject to the self-employment tax since FICA is withheld on their wages. 59) All of the following are self-employment income except A) net income of a sole proprietorship. B) dividends received by a corporate shareholder. C) fees received for serving as a director of a corporation. D) distributive share of partnership income from a partnership operating a business. 60) Nonrefundable tax credits A) only offset a taxpayer's tax liability. B) may only be used if the taxpayer is receiving a refund. C) can be carried back two years and carried forward 15 years if they exceed tax liability in the current year. D) allow the excess over the taxpayer's tax liability to be paid to the taxpayer. 61) Refundable tax credits A) only offset a taxpayer's tax liability. B) may only be used if the taxpayer is receiving a refund. C) have all expired but may be reinstated with new tax legislation. D) allow the excess over the taxpayer's tax liability to be paid to the taxpayer. 62) Which statement is correct? A) Tax credits reduce tax liability on a dollar-for-dollar basis. B) Tax deductions reduce tax liability on a dollar-for-dollar basis. C) The benefit of a tax credit depends on the taxpayer's marginal tax rate. D) Tax deductions are less valuable for high-income taxpayers than for low-income taxpayers. 63) Max and Alexandra are married and incur $5,500 of qualifying expenses to care for their two children, ages 2 and 5. Max's earned income is $35,000 and Alexandra's earnings from a part-time job are $5,000. What is the amount of the qualifying expenses for purposes of computing the child and dependent care credit? A) $3,000 B) $5,000 C) $5,500 D) $6,000 64) Marvin and Pamela are married, file a joint return, and have two children, ages 9 and 11. Their combined AGI is $65,000. Marvin's earned income is $40,000; Pamela's is $25,000. They incur $6,500 of child-care expenses to enable them to be employed during the current year. Their child and dependent care credit is A) $1,200. B) $1,300. C) $1,800. D) $6,000. 65) Bud and Stella are married, file a joint return, and have one child, age 3. Their combined AGI is $35,000. Bud and Stella incur $3,500 of childcare expenses during the current year. The child and dependent care credit is A) $600. B) $700. C) $750. D) $875. 66) Mark and Stacy are married, file a joint return, and have one child, age 3. Their combined AGI is $55,000. Mark and Stacy incur $3,500 of child-care expenses during the current year. Mark's employer reimburses him $1,500 under a qualified dependent care assistance plan. The child and dependent care credit is A) $300. B) $600. C) $700. D) $1,200. 67) Evan and Barbara incurred qualified adoption expenses in 2013 of $6,000, and then incurred $7,500 more in 2014 when the adoption of their child became final. Their 2013 AGI was $110,000 and their 2014 AGI was $100,000. The allowable adoption credit is A) $13,190 in 2014. B) $13,500 in 2014. C) $6,000 in 2013 and $7,190 in 2014. D) $6,000 in 2013 and $7,500 in 2014. 68) Lee and Whitney incurred qualified adoption expenses in 2013 of $2,000, and then incurred $7,000 more in 2014 when the adoption of their child became final. Their 2013 AGI was $120,000 and their 2014 AGI was $140,000. The allowable adoption credit is A) $ 7,000 in 2014. B) $ 9,000 in 2014. C) $13,190 in 2014. D) $2,000 in 2013 and $7,000 in 2014. 69) Marguerite and Josephus have two children, ages 13 and 10. Their modified AGI is $120,500.What is their child tax credit? A) $900 B) $1,000 C) $2,000 D) None of the above. 70) The maximum amount of the American Opportunity Tax Credit for each qualified student is A) $1,500. B) $2,000. C) $2,500. D) $3,000. 71) Jeffery and Cassie, who are married with modified AGI of $90,000, are sending their son to his first year of college. Their total tuition and related payments during 2014 amounted to $5,500. They have not taken advantage of any other type of tax benefit related to educational expenses. Their American Opportunity Tax Credit for 2014 is A) $1,500. B) $2,000. C) $2,500. D) $5,000. 72) Timothy and Alice, who are married with modified AGI of $90,000, are sending their daughter to her first year of college. Their total tuition and related payments during the year amounted to $13,000. In addition, their daughter received a $10,000 scholarship to cover tuition. They have not taken advantage of any other type of tax benefit related to educational expenses. Their American Opportunity Tax Credit is A) $2,000. B) $2,250. C) $2,500. D) $3,000. 73) Joe, who is single with modified AGI of $84,000, is sending his son to his first year of college. The total tuition and related payments during the year amounted to $18,000. Joe has not taken advantage of any other type of tax benefit related to educational expenses. His American Opportunity Tax Credit is A) $ 0. B) $1,000. C) $1,500. D) $2,500. 74) In the fall of 2014, James went back to school to earn a master of accountancy degree. He incurred $7,000 of qualified educational expenses and his modified AGI for the year was $40,000. His Lifetime Learning Credit is A) $1,000. B) $1,400. C) $1,800. D) $2,500. 75) All of the following statements are true regarding the Lifetime Learning Credit except which one? A) In order to qualify for the Lifetime Learning Credit, a student must be enrolled 1/2 time. B) Qualifying expenses include those for tuition and related fees but not for room and board. C) The Lifetime Learning credit may be claimed for any degree or nondegree course at a college or university that helps an individual acquire or improve their job skills. D) The Lifetime Learning credit and the American Opportunity Tax credit may not be taken in the same tax year with respect to the same student's tuition and related fees. 76) Which of the following is not a qualifying property for the residential energy efficient property (REEP) credit? A) geothermal heat pumps B) residential wind property C) metal or asphalt roofs with special coatings D) solar hot water heaters 77) Kerry is single and has AGI of $25,000 in 2014. During the year he contributes $5,000 to his Roth IRA. What is the amount of qualified retirement savings contributions credit to which he is entitled? A) $200 B) $400 C) $800 D) $1,000 78) A corporation has $100,000 of U.S. source taxable income and $300,000 of foreign source taxable income from countries X and Y for a total worldwide taxable income of $400,000. Countries X and Y levy a total of $60,000 in foreign taxes upon the foreign source taxable income. U.S. taxes before credits are $140,000. The foreign tax credit limitation is A) $35,000. B) $60,000. C) $80,000. D) $105,000. 79) Carlotta, Inc. has $50,000 foreign-source income and $150,000 worldwide income. Its U.S. tax on its worldwide income is $42,000 and it paid foreign taxes of $16,000. What is the corporation's foreign tax credit? A) $2,000 B) $14,000 C) $16,000 D) $42,000 80) Carlotta, Inc. has $50,000 foreign-source income and $150,000 worldwide income. Its U.S. tax on its worldwide income is $42,000 and it paid foreign taxes of $12,000. What is the corporation's foreign tax credit? A) $4,000 B) $12,000 C) $14,000 D) $42,000 81) Current year foreign taxes paid exceed the ceiling based on U.S. tax attributable to foreign source income. These excess foreign tax credits A) are lost. B) can be carried forward ten years only. C) can be carried back one year and then carried forward ten years. D) can be carried back one year and then carried forward twenty years. 82) The general business credit includes all of the following with the exception of A) research credit. B) disabled access credit. C) foreign tax credit. D) credit for rehabilitation expenditure. 83) Octo Corp. purchases a building for use in its business at a cost of $100,000. The building was built in 1930 and needs substantantial work so it can be used. Octo spends $150,000 on qualifying renovations. Octo will earn a rehabilitation credit of A) $15,000. B) $25,000. C) $5,000. D) $30,000. 84) Runway Corporation has $2 million of gross receipts in the preceding year. For purposes of the disabled access credit, what is the maximum number of full-time employees the corporation can have in the preceding year? A) 10 B) 15 C) 20 D) 30 85) Kors Corporation has 30 employees and $5 million of gross receipts. Kors spends $15,000 for qualified structural improvements for access for the disabled. The disabled access credit is A) $5,000. B) $5,125. C) $0. D) $7,500. 86) Which of the following expenditures will qualify as a research expenditure for purposes of the research credit? A) An ice cream producer develops a new type of packaging that will keep ice cream frozen while driving home from the grocery store. B) An ice cream producer develops a new design on the package that will be more pleasing to the culture of a new market it is entering. C) An ice cream producer develops a new marketing campaign to introduce its brand to a new region of the country it is entering. D) All of the above qualify as research expenditures for the research credit. 87) ChocoHealth Inc. is developing new chocolate products providing abundant health benefits at low calorie counts. For the past three years, it spent an average of $500,000 per year on research. ChocoHealth has spent $900,000 on research. The company has elected the simplified credit. For the current year, it will earn a research credit of A) $54,000. B) $126,000. C) $80,000. D) $91,000. 88) The general business credit may not exceed the net income tax minus the greater of the tentative minimum tax or A) 20% of the net regular tax liability above $20,000. B) 25% of the net regular tax liability above $20,000. C) 20% of the net regular tax liability above $25,000. D) 25% of the net regular tax liability above $25,000. 89) Dwayne has general business credits totaling $30,000 before limitation. His regular tax liability is $83,000 and his tentative minimum tax is $79,000. What amount of general business credit can Dwayne take this year? A) $4,000 B) $14,500 C) $25,000 D) $30,000 90) Layla earned $20,000 of general business credits from her sole proprietorship. Her regular tax liability is $45,000, and her tentative minimum tax is $49,000. During the current year Layla will apply general business credits of A) $0. B) $4,000. C) $20,000. D) $45,000. 91) Individuals without children are eligible for the earned income credit if they meet all the following conditions except A) file married filing separately. B) at tax year end are at least age 25 but not more than age 64. C) for the tax year are not a dependent of another taxpayer. D) the United States is their principal place of residence for more than one-half of the tax year. 92) A taxpayer will be ineligible for the earned income credit if he or she has disqualified investment income of more than $3,350 in 2014. Disqualified income includes all the following except A) net capital gains. B) tax-exempt interest. C) net rental income. D) self-employment income. 93) Which one of the following is a refundable credit? A) earned income credit B) child and dependent care credit C) lifetime learning credit D) credit for the elderly and disabled 94) In 2014 Rita is divorced with one child. She has AGI of $19,500 resulting in a federal income tax liability of $250 and an earned income credit of $3,038. She has had $550 of federal income taxes withheld from her pay. Rita will receive a federal income refund of A) $550. B) $300. C) $3,038. D) $3,338. 95) Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding qualifying criteria for the health insurance premium tax credit? A) The insurance policy must be purchased directly from an insurance company. B) Household income must be below designated levels. C) The taxpayer cannot have access to affordable essential coverage through an employer. D) The individual may not be eligible as a dependent of another taxpayer. 96) An individual with AGI equal to or less than $150,000 in the prior year may generally avoid penalties for underpayment of estimated tax in each of the following cases with the exception of A) estimated tax is less than $1,500. B) 90% of the tax due for the current year is paid. C) 90% of the tax due for the current year is paid when computed on an annualized basis. D) 100% of the actual tax liability for the prior year is paid. 97) With respect to estimated tax payments for a taxpayer with AGI of $150,000 or lower in the prior year, all of the following are generally true with the exception of A) no penalty is imposed if the estimated tax is less than $1,000. B) no penalty is imposed if the individual has no tax liability for the prior year. C) no underpayment penalty is imposed if the estimated payments total at least 90% of the tax due for the current year. D) no underpayment penalty is imposed if the estimated payments total at least 90% of the actual tax liability for the prior year. 98) If a taxpayer's AGI is greater than $150,000, no penalty will be imposed if the taxpayer pays estimated tax payments in 2014 equal to what percentage of 2013's income tax liability? A) 100% B) 90% C) 110% D) 120% 99) Annie has taxable income of $100,000, a regular tax liability of $21,176, a positive AMT adjustment due to limitations on itemized deductions of $20,000, and tax preferences of $25,000 in 2014. Annie is single and takes a $3,950 personal exemption for herself only. What is Annie's AMT for 2014? 100) George and Meredith who are married, have a regular tax liability of $22,963, taxable income of $125,000, tax preferences of $25,000, and positive adjustments attributable to limitations on itemized deductions of $18,700 this year. They claim $11,850 of personal and dependency exemptions for themselves and their 20-year old dependent daughter. What is George and Meredith's alternative minimum tax for 2014? 101) Sonya started a self-employed consulting business in the last part of the year and earned $40,000. She had been employed as manager in a consulting firm prior to starting her own business and had earned $125,000. (a) What is Sonya's self employment tax for 2014? (b)What is Sonya's deduction for AGI for the SE tax? 102) Lara started a self-employed consulting business in the last part of the year and earned $60,000 of self- employment income. She had been employed as manager in a consulting firm prior to starting her own business and had earned $175,000. (a) What is Lara's Additional Medicare Tax for 2014, if any? (b)What is Lara's deduction for AGI for the Additional Medicare Tax? 103) Sam and Megan are married with two dependent children. Both Sam and Megan work, earning $50,000 and $55,000, respectively. Their AGI totals $110,000. They incur $6,500 of qualifying child care expenses of which $2,500 is reimbursed by Megan's dependent care program at work. What is the amount of their child and dependent care credit? 104) Nick and Nicole are both 68 years old and file a joint return. They have AGI of $15,000 and receive nontaxable Social Security payments of $4,200 during the current year. What is the amount of the tax credit for the elderly? 105) Tyler and Molly, who are married filing jointly with $210,000 of AGI in 2014, incurred the following expenses in their efforts to adopt a child: 2013: Attorney's fees 2014: Attorney's fees Court costs Adoption fees $4,500 $4,500 $1,000 $5,500 The adoption was finalized in 2014. What is the amount of the allowable adoption credit in 2014? 106) Tom and Anita are married, file a joint return with an AGI of $165,000, and have one dependent child, Tim, who is a first-time freshman in college. The following expenses are incurred and paid in 2014: Tuition, fees and textbooks Room and Board $11,000 $5,000 What is the maximum education credit allowed to Tom and Anita? 108) Bonjour Corp. is a U.S.-based corporation with operations in France. The operations in France generated $200,000 of taxable income whereas worldwide operations generated total taxable income of $2,000,000. Its U.S. tax liability before credits is $680,000. Determine the allowable foreign tax credit assuming taxes paid to France as follows: a. $40,000. b. $80,000. 109) During the year, Jim incurs $50,000 of rehabilitation expenditures in connection with a certified historic structure used in his business. The adjusted basis of the structure was $40,000 at the time the rehabilitation began. a. What is the amount, if any, of his rehabilitation credit for the year? b. What is the depreciable basis of the rehabilitation expenditures? 110) Hawaii, Inc., began a child care facility for its employees during the year. The corporation incurred the following expenses: Rent of facility Leasehold improvements Equipment, toys, etc. Salaries of child care employees Other operating expenses of facility Subtotal Qualified child care referral fees Total expenses $30,000 50,000 15,000 25,000 18,000 $138,000 10,000 $148,000 What is the amount of Hawaii's credit for employer-provided child care? 111) Ivan has generated the following taxes and credits this year: Regular tax $38,000 Tentative minimum tax 28,000 Dependent care credit 1,200 American Opportunity credit 800 Research credit 20,000 Rehabilitation credit 15,000 How much general business credit will he apply to the current year tax liability? 112) Beth and Jay project the following taxes for the current year: Regular tax AMT Self employment tax $50,000 10,000 12,000 How much in estimated tax payments (including withholding from wages and quarterly estimated payments) should the taxpayers pay this year in order to avoid underpayment penalties under the following assumptions regarding the preceding tax year? a. Preceding tax year—AGI of $140,000 and total taxes of $36,000. b. Preceding tax year—AGI of $155,000 and total taxes of $50,000. 113) Discuss tax-planning options available for expenses incurred for child and dependent care. 114) Describe the differences between the American Opportunity Tax credit and the Lifetime Learning credit. 115) Assume you plan to volunteer at a Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) program for low income taxpayers and wish to prepare so you can help your clients achieve the maximum tax savings. Briefly discuss tax credits with which you should become familiar. 116) Discuss the tax planning techniques available to a U.S. citizen who is on a foreign job assignment. 117) Discuss when Form 6251, Alternative Minimum Tax, must be filed.