Abnormal Psychology Test Bank Fuhr

Test Bank for Nietzel • Speltz McCauley • Bernstein Abnormal Psychology Prepared by Susan K. Fuhr Weber State University Allyn and Bacon Boston • London • Toronto • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore Copyright © 1998 by Allyn & Bacon A Viacom Company 160 Gould Street Needham Heights, MA 02194 Internet: www.abacon.com America Online: keyword: College Online All rights reserved. The contents, or parts thereof, may be reproduced for use with Abnormal Psychology by Michael T. Nietzel, Matthew L. Speltz, Elizabeth A. McCauley, and Douglas A. Bernstein, provided such reproductions bear copyright notice, but may not be reproduced in any form for any other purpose without written permission from the copyright owner. ISBN 0-205-26283-X Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 02 01 00 99 98 97 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Chapter 1 ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR: PAST AND PRESENT PERSPECTIVES 1 Chapter 2 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 33 Chapter 3 DISORDERS OF INFANCY, CHILDHOOD, and ADOLESCENCE 58 Chapter 4 DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS AND LEARNING DISABILITIES 85 Chapter 5 STRESS, SLEEP, AND ADJUSTMENT DISORDERS 110 Chapter 6 PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AND HEALTH 134 Chapter 7 ANXIETY DISORDERS 155 Chapter 8 DISSOCIATIVE AND SOMATOFORM DISORDERS 181 Chapter 9 MOOD DISORDERS AND SUICIDE 205 Chapter 10 SCHIZOPHRENIA 238 Chapter 11 COGNITIVE DISORDERS 263 Chapter 12 PERSONALITY DISORDERS 281 Chapter 13 SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS 309 Chapter 14 SEXUAL AND GENDER IDENTITY DISORDERS 339 Chapter 15 BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF MENTAL DISORDERS 365 Chapter 16 PSYCHOTHERAPY 385 Chapter 17 ALTERNATIVES TO INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOTHERAPY 410 Chapter 18 LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN MENTAL DISORDERS 431 Preface Given the popularity of the undergraduate course in abnormal psychology as well as the exigencies imposed by large class sizes in most colleges and universities, many instructors employ multiple choice exams as a primary means of evaluating student learning. I have tried to produce a diverse array of such questions, along with a few short answer/essay items at the end of each chapter. I hope you find them useful as you create exams for your course. Each item is presented with several descriptive qualifiers, listed just below the item number. For instance, here is an item from Chapter 7: =䖚壵࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿>쏤嶰࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿?‫רּ‬䠋࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿46K썀⤧࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿L红冎࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿M뇜⤧࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ 㼜常࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿S⒔ 挂࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿T찤枝࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿U㐎筂࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿V阖廠࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿W蚆ψ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿]爤㦛࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿^歒碊࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿_Ḽ䱩࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿`먔⤧࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿a⟠࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿b⒌ 昏 ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿g챒嘄࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿h鋲࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿i砌掚࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿j辒缬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿kᆔ崋࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿l⧨࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿r࿿ 揾࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿s씞攚࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿t⧨⧨࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿u醸䋟࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿v䮦棣࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿w䁴⤧ ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿|氊繩࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿}࿿䧼࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿~谈幷࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿⧨☞⠾࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿⧨䎲䨕࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿⧨낔䒆 ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿⧨밀䤭࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿⧨࿿桟࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿⧨⤧䙖࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿⧨䮔䡚࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿⧨⧨䕪࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿⧨쨀产࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿⧨鲮㎣࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿⧨►樝࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿⧨⧨㈲࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿⧨⧨皃࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿⧨煠匀࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿⧨⧨ 匦 ࿿࿿࿿࿿⧨흒⧨࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿⧨慨溓࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿⧨蔮攅࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿⧨࿿㹵࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿⧨㷲㢩࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ 㗄⤧࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿¦헾滍࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿§䂒⧨࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿¨㔴㵚࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿©Ĩ㐸࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ª࿿冤࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿«鳔䓟 ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿°䡌哬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿±⌨㏿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿²鐖ҍ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿³皲䭯࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿´钊࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿µ숂垳࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿»骬櫟࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿¼聢⤧࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿½풖獻࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿¾⧨⧨࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿¿똦唎࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿À䴈䵥 ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Å䢌䩋࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Æ⧨࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ç┖Ƶ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿È䦶纃࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿É㢨庫࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ê쇪䚔࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ð⧨䑵࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ñ悾࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ Ò⤧⤧࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ó眎䭵࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ô⋀挞࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Õ࿿ Ὁ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ú巜䩉࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Û⧨ Û 刾࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ü⊜࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ý㙼淒࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Þ휖⤧࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ß澤怪 ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ä鈴䴕࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿å謾眼࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿æ冲̽࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ç⧨䮘࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿è쏦嗧࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿é⧨䧒࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ï땼Ế࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ð⽚࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ñ砎䬋࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ò⧨樴࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ó刚疀࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ôᵦ⧨࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ú⧨⧨࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ûᐎ‫چ‬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ü࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ý뗸䮐࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿þ莲暰࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ÿ⧨䨲 ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ą氚䠢࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ą撲仸࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ć涾有࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ć　Ḋ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ĉ硐⧨࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĉ澲朤࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ ᇒ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ď涨~࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Đ┆榭࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿đ࿿簆࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ē뿂痾࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ē䉮ᓷ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ĕ 樜࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ę⧨࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ě혺䫄࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ě⧨眡࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ĝ锼囑࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĝ姬ㅵ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ğ⧨ ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ģ࿿䩽࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ĥ修專࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĥ鑮➦࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ħ훤梇࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ħ젾瓒࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĨР࿿ ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Į뀖絥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿į脔撼࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿İ䆜疾࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ı濚獤࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿IJ쎂禳࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ij࿿䘼 ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĸ⤧毱࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ĺ࿿ 唿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĺ绺ᾋ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ļ㡤䋃࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ļҬ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ľ圸惠࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ń鉤䧸࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ń衠倳࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ņ봼㰕࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ņ媢㻋࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ň貂廾࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ň ࿿ ⁩ ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ō缈奋࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ŏ䥴硏࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ŏ쐔⧨࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ő⧨䲯࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ő࿿爃࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Œ ㍦࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ŗ琂㺥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ř單㰞࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ř㿢勲࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ś걦Ũ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ś婜䋓࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ŝ 6Dr. Seshachari is treating a client who is diagnosed with one of the most common Ans. C App p. 217 E * 7. 6 Ans. C App anxiety disorders. Which of the following would this be? > > > 0 generalized anxiety 1 panic disorder 2 social phobia 3 obsessive-compulsive disorder chapter number. item number correct answer type of item: APPLIED (App), CONCEPTUAL (Con), FACTUAL (Fac) p. 217 E * > > page reference for answer 1 item difficulty: EASY (E), MODERATE (M), CHALLENGING (C) indicates item is found in the student Practice Tests (20 per chapter) Each chapter has at least 65% Applied items and roughly 15% Conceptual and 15% Factual. I would very much appreciate your feedback and suggestions as you use these items. Please contact me by email: sfuhr@weber. edu. I would like to express my thanks to the several individuals without whose aid and support this project would not have come to fruition. To Doug Bernstein, thank you for recommending me and providing all-important social support via the electronic highway. And hearty thanks to Sue Gleason, my stalwart, always reassuring editor who's been a pleasure to work with. About 250 items in this bank were written, and my own writing reviewed, by some of Weber State University's brightest and best students: Danny May, Bryce Warren, Shayne Palmer, Angie Wehr, and Todd Woodward. And Amanda Allman, of Illinois, was a saving grace toward the end of the project, writing several items for the last three chapters. Thanks Amanda. And now that I've written, rewritten, and edited the last item, I can tell my long-neglected spouse that I'll soon be back to normal (whatever that is!). Susan K. Fuhr, Ph. D. Weber State University Ogden, Utah 84408-1202 I encourage you to bear in mind that because this is a new testbank for a new text, these difficulty levels are rationally based and await empirical item analysis. Your own choices for class coverage and emphases will affect the accuracy of these recommended levels. Chapter 1 ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR: PAST AND PRESENT PERSPECTIVES 0 1Which facet of your text's definition of "abnormal behavior" is universally Ans. D accepted? Fac a. individual disturbance of behavior or physical functioning p. 4 b. psychological distress or impaired functioning E c. a kind of disturbance that is unexpected in the culture 0 None of the above apply. 0 2If you were a citizen of ancient Egypt, what would you be most likely to cite Ans. C as the cause of Nelson McGrath's behavior? App a. weakness of character p. 5 b. bodily illness E c. evil 0 irrational thoughts & perceptions 0 3 Evidence from cultures around 3500 to 3000 B. C. suggests that a Ans. D model would have been used to explain abnormal behavior. Fac a. medical p. 5 b. humanistic E c. rationalistic 0 demonological 5888 4How might an early Mesopotamian individual be treated if she or he Ans. C demonstrated bizarre actions, strange speech, and extremely unusual beliefs? App a. bloodletting with leeches p. 5 b. confinement to an asylum M c. trephining 0.0 a special diet to restore bodily imbalances 0 5Ancient Chinese and Hebrew civilizations employed several methods in the Ans. B treatment of abnormal individuals. Which approach, however, was NOT Fac common? p. 5 a. exercise and special diet 23 b. special care in asylums 23 faith healing 5888 concoctions to poison spirits and demons 0 6The movie "An American Werewolf in London" reflects a belief in which of Ans. A the following? App a. lycanthropy p. 5 b. hysteria E c. tarantism d. stigmata diaboli 1 1. 7 Ans. D App p. 5 E In your historical review of early approaches to understanding abnormality, to whom would you credit the birth of the medical tradition? a. Roman philosophers b. Islamic scholars c. Egyptian healers 0 Greek physicians 0 8 If you assert that humans are primarily rational beings who gain knowledge Ans. C through reasoning and recollection to discover universal truths, to whom do Con you clearly owe an intellectual debt? p. 5 a. Hippocrates M b. Avicenna * c. Plato 0.0Descartes 0 9 Marc considers himself an empirical scientist of psychology, gathering and Ans. C evaluating information from perceptual experiences. Which Greek philosopher Con set forth the intellectual foundation for Marc's perspective? p. 5 a. Plato M b. Hippocrates 0 Aristotle 1 Galen 0 10Which humorous Greek is considered the father of medicine? Ans. B a. Galen Fac b. Hippocrates p. 5 c. Epictetus E d. Aristotle 0 11An ancient Greek was diagnosed as suffering from melancholia. This Ans. A individual was probably given a special diet as well as purgatives in order to App treat an imbalance of p. 5 a. black bile. 0 b. phlegm. 0 yellow bile. 1 blood. 1 12 Which of the following descriptive terms would best reflect Hippocrates' Ans. C approach to abnormality? Con a. madness p. 5 b. evil 0 c. illness d. sinfulness 0 13 You are Galen's medical assistant. What aspect of human psychology would Ans. D you be studying? App a. rational thinking processes p. 6 b. social behavior 0 c. intelligence d. temperament 2 1. 14 Ans. A Fac p. 6 0 What sort of intervention would Epictetus most likely recommend for a disordered individual? a. a talking cure b. laxatives and purgatives c. prayer and faith healing d. commitment to a restful asylum 0 15 "It's not what your boyfriend said to you that's upset you; it's the way you Ans. B interpreted his comments that is bothering you. " Which of the following Con philosophers would most heartily agree? p. 6 0.0 Aristotle 0.1Epictetus M 0 Avicenna 1 St. Vitus 1. 16 Ans. D App p. 6 M Stacy is a graduate student in clinical psychology and is learning the tools and techniques of psychotherapy. Her belief that these verbally-based methods will help her future clients is most similar to the view of the treatment of disorders. 0 European Middle Ages' 1 ancient Hebrews' 2 ancient Egyptians' 0 classical Greek and Romans' 0 17 Aaron lives in a feudal society, marked by frequent wars and economic crises. Ans. C He also believes that abnormality is the work of the Devil. What is the most App likely year that Aaron is alive in Western Europe? p. 6 a. 120 B. C. 0 b. 410A. D. 0.0 755A. D. 0.1 1480 A. D. 0.1 Ans. C App p. 6 M 1. 19 Ans. A Con p. 6 M 18A magical potion made up of eye of newt, heart of a cat, and the ovary of a goat killed on a Saturday midnight would probably be offered to a psychotic person during what historical age? 0Renaissance 1classical Greco-Roman 0 early European Middle Ages 1 late Islamic Middle Ages The text The Canon of Medicine provided a bridge between the philosophy of and the of the Renaissance. a. Aristotle; science * 0 Plato; rationalistic theology 1 Socrates; medical practices 2 Hippocrates; science 3 China p.0Malleus Maleficarum 4 . 7 b. exposure. 0 b. 1 They combined magic. tarantism 0 b. 0 They pioneered psychological treatment methods that spurred the development of Renaissance asylums. and frolicking in the streets. They emphasized a supernatural approach to understanding causes of p. Dance de Diaboli 0 folie en masse 1 lycanthropy 1 24If you consulted the Malleus Maleficarum in the late 1400's. mechanical workings of the human body 0 25 Which of the following represents a strong backlash to the increasing influence Ans. B specialized treatment of mental disorders? Fac a. and the monasteries of Europe? Con a. 12th century European monks 0 16th century Renaissance physicians 1 23Whether caused by naturalistic or demonic forces. B goal? App a. Spain 0 c. Islamic Ans. Islam 0 21What commonality exists between the work of Greek physicians.0 20Although the rationalistic. B physicians. 8th century Islamic physicians 0 c. 7 b. and herbal remedies to treat disordered individuals. Paracelsus' study of abnormal behavior 0 c. tearing off clothing. The Canon of Faith p. D of the secular world in the early years of the Renaissance? Fac a. 1 22When and to whom would you credit the first use of hospitals for the Ans. naturalistic philosophy of the Greeks was lost during Ans. common sense. They provided sanctuaries for disordered individuals. Indonesia d. if you joined a group of Ans. reconciliation of the teachings of the church and the values of humanism p. 6 b. the detection. where were their works preserved? Fac a. 7 a. D the Dark Ages of Europe. 4th century Roman physicians p. what was your Ans. App what form of madness would you be displaying? p. potions and incantations for the treatment of disordered individuals in asylums Ȁ⸀ĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀĀĀᜀ̀ĀĀĀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀ0 an understanding of the physical. 6 b. and purging of witches E c. A people jumping and dancing. 6 abnormality. greater value placed on humanism 0. psychological > rational > theological M c. supernatural > theological > psychological 29"I think. 7 insane c. therefore I am. advent of humanism c. the deplorable conditions found in prison-like Renaissance hospitals for the p. the early bedrest treatment used for acutely disturbed patients in asylums. advent of the printing press d. 7 M * becoming a topic of study worthy in its own right. and humankind is App p. 7 a. Epictetus M c. Ans. A you mm for humane help? App a. App In what field are you studying? p. the strange "magical" treatments carried out in early monastery asylums. A activity could be thought of in mechanical. 7 0 Which item does not belong with the other three? a. family medicine philosophy psychiatry 31 If you were a mentally disordered person in the 16th century. Tuke and Pinel 23 Copernicus and Paracelsus 0 28 Which of the following represents the correct order of predominant themes Ans. Sprenger d. " The author of this phrase asserted that human mental Ans. Plato and Hippocrates b. 26 Ans. the name of the city in which the first mental hospital was founded. Avicenna and Galen c. A Con p. 7 b. physical terms. theological > psychological > rational p. Copernicus Chiarugi 30 You are a modem student in a field of study whose first member risked the Ans. Who was he? Con a. Weyer p. Descartes p. D heretics are saying that the sun is the center of the universe. With whom are you living? a. C from the Greeks to the Middle Ages to the Renaissance? Con a. moral treatment b. d. Tuke c. rational > theological > psychological d. to whom would Ans. 5 . B a. Fac b. 5-7 b. Copernicus' cosmology 0 27You live in a time in which books are becoming more readily available.1. D wrath of the church by condemning the practices in the Malleus Maleficarum. 7 b. Pinel 32The word "bedlam" derives its meaning from Ans. clinical psychology M b. S. mental hygiene movement should include each of the Ans. p. an expectation that he would find employment d. C which statement should you omit? Con a. while less than optimal. Chiarugi: Spain Con b.. conducting studies of hypnosis for the cure of hysteria treating patients with bloodletting and tranquilizing chairs 6 . The transformation of asylums into U. the shortage of staffing and resultant custodial care. B following statements EXCEPT Con a. the movement was led by a former mental patient who helped form the p.. Which treatment would he be most Ans. contributing to the discovery of the biological cause of general paresis c. A a. as a result of Dorothea Dix's efforts. Conditions in asylums of the early 1700's. 8 c. it began an era of humane treatment in the U. Tuke: England 34In your report on the background and outcomes of the moral treatment era. you would cite Ans. S. exposure to fresh air. a release from his chains c. its underlying assumptions regarding abnormality were essentially those held by Pinel. A UNLIKELY to receive? App a. 38Gregory is working for Dr. 9 abnormality. the increasing reliance on biological vs social approaches to understanding p. the ineffectiveness of moral treatment for severely disturbed patients. assisting with the development of a classification system for disorders p. Rush: U. What is likely Ans. A to be the focus of Gregory's efforts? App a. bloodletting or purgatives p. c. The treatment approaches taken by the reformers shared the naturalistic assumptions endorsed in the Enlightenment era. were notably better than the conditions of such institutions in the Middle Ages. S. 8 b. the discovery of drags effective for treating mental disorders. sunshine. 37 In your critique of the mental hygiene movement in the U. Pinel: France d. Bicetre Hospital in France was the site of the first unchaining of inmates in p. M b. S.1. and Rush. several large state hospitals were constructed. Ans. 9 b. 33 Which member of the moral treatment era and his country are mismatched? Ans. d. Emil Kraepelin in the late 1800's. Tuke. 8 1793. S. lasting until the 1950's and the discovery of drags. M b. b. and kindness 36 A synopsis of the U. state hospitals resulted in * understaffing and eventual custodial care conditions. 9 National Committee for Mental Hygiene. 35Candide is one of Pinel's early patients. B each of the following factors for its decline EXCEPT Con a. hypnotherapy. psychiatry. clinical physician p. supernatural. some physicians Ans. Ramirez works in a local community mental health center. D worked with individuals with mental disorders. 42Dr. 9 a. 11 apprehension. Ans. Charcot & treatments for anxiety 1. 10 a. D a. conducting Ans. hyperalertness. Mesmer & hypnotic anesthesia d. psychological. and a sense of p. psychiatrist b. B were seeking the biological treatments for other mental disorders while Freud Fac was developing the first modern psychological approach. Which of the Ans. psychoanalytic cognitive biological mentalistic 7 . and she also App provides psychotherapy. b. C assessment of intelligence. clinical social worker clinical psychologist psychiatric nurse 43 Dr. 39 Hypnosis has a history stretching back to the Enlightenment. 40 Hysteria is to general paresis as is to . personality. psychiatric social worker psychiatrist 44Casandra was informed by her mental health professional that her anxiety Ans. 10 b. Breuer & the talking cure c.1. supernatural Con b. What is this health professional's model of abnormality? a. medical M d. 9 c. What type of professional is she? p. psychological p. C symptoms were caused by a disrupted pattern of neurochemical messages that App resulted in excessive motor activity. psychoanalysis. Dmg is a physician who has spent several years in a residency in which he Ans. naturalistic. clinical psychologist M c. Esdaile & magnetism p. 9 b. biological. known as p. psychical conflict therapy. B following reflects a correctly matched portion of that history? Con a. biological 41After the successful discovery of the cause of general paresis. What is his professional title? App a. and other characteristics. 12 a. 12 system is active at this point? E a. somatic NS. B devoted to studying the structure. function. emotional numbing. heart rate. D EXCEPT the App a. reticular formation medulla midbrain 8 . and chemistry of the nervous App system. autonomic b. B your hand as you write your answers to mis exam? App a. neuroscience biochemistry neuroanatomy 47Your peripheral nervous system (NS) contains each of the following branches Ans. central NS. C blood pressure so that the rest of your brain can concentrate on other things. symptom constellation. thalamus b. and Ans. sympathetic NS. sympathetic peripheral 49You are studying quietly in the library when your best friend sneaks up and Ans. Patterns of App characteristics such as this are also referred to as a(n) p. E b. prognosis syndrome. and your adrenaline is pumping. 11 b. D together under the label "post traumatic stress disorder". What specific portion of your nervous p. your heart is App racing. autonomic p. C surprises you from behind. 48Which specific portion of your nervous system is controlling the movements of Ans. 46 Viktor is in a graduate program which involves several different disciplines Ans. sympathetic parasympathetic 50What portion of your brain automatically regulates breathing. What is the term for this area of study? p. p. flashbacks. 11 b. c. etiology. biocognitive psychology b.45Hypervigilance. 11 a. and other characteristics go Ans. somatic c. somatic E c. You let out an embarrassing shriek. like App this exam? p. 11 a. d. autonomic NS. 12 b. A App p. hindbrain. d. 12 M c. p. 13 b. 12 b. feeding. M c. parietal lobe. thalamus midbrain hypothalamus 56Your best friend insists that she has a "sweet tooth" and often craves sugary Ans. Which portion of her endocrine system is most directly involved in App the control of such substances? p. central lobe. reticular formation b. 54 The Four F's of motivation (fighting. A height to their App a. thalamus occipital lobe 52Kitar suffered damage to his cerebellum as a result of an automobile accident. you might App "see" noise. What structure would this be? p. p. ability to form and retrieve memories p. c. 13 b. hypothalamus 55If information that was intended to be relayed to the visual cortex was Ans.1. B brain does this refer? App a. medulla M b. parietal lobe. adrenal medulla. responsiveness to rewarding environmental stimuli M c. cerebellum. temporal lobe p. cerebellum. d. 13 a. B snacks. To which part of the Ans. thyroid. 13 a. D primarily controlled by the App a. and mating) are Ans. cerebrum Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder in which an individual falls asleep without warning. 9 . pituitary. c. adrenal cortex E b. Which brain structure might be involved in such a disorder? a. pancreas * c. sometimes during emotionally arousing situations. C Which of Kitar's abilities is likely to be impaired? App a. fleeing. thyroid d! adrenal medulla 57Atypically short or tall people can probably attribute the distinctiveness of their Ans. 51 Ans. Ans. occipital lobe. B accidentally misrouted to the auditory cortex by this brain stmcture. his playing of the violin maintenance of arousal and attention 53 It is true that you have "eyes in the back of your head". Neurotransmitters are stored in dendrites and are released into the synaptic cleft when the neuron fires. cerebellum b. What is the correct order of Ans. To create this. causing Ans. A structures and events you would encounter during the firing of your neuron? App a. neurotransmitters axons dendrites 60Your study notes from your text reading should include only ONE of the Ans. acetylcholine d. M b. Which neurotransmitter is App involved in this reaction? p. where bundles of their axons form information pathways. tens of thousands of neurons must fire in several Ans. dopamine 63Yvette was given an experimental drug that made it difficult for her to Ans. acetylcholine M b. p. A following statements about neuron structure and function. 14 a. synapses b. 14 b. What App neurotransmitter was affected? p. 58 Ans. norepinephrine b. D concentrate and disrupted her sleep and arousal patterns. GABA d. dendrite > synapse > axon > receptor's electrical change 62Some pesticides are extremely toxic to the human nervous system. 13 M When you get home from your first day in abnormal psychology class and talk to your roommate about "this really cool psych class I'm taking". 61Imagine you were a neurotransmitter molecule. axon > synapse > receptor > dendrite's electrical change p. norepinephrine 1 0 . synapse > receptor > dendrite > axon's electrical change c. 14 either more or less likely to fire. 14 a. their chemical messages are carried via App from one neuron to another. C uncontrollable muscular tremors and convulsions. axon > receptor > synapse > dendrite's electrical change d. Which should it be? Con a. 14 a. Little is known about the specific behavioral or cognitive effects of identified neurotransmitters. dopamine * c.1. B App p. The binding of a neurotransmitter on a receptor makes the receiving neuron p. cerebrum limbic system midbrain 59For you to read this question. Neurons are located only in the central nervous system. GABA c. what distinctive part of your brain makes this conversation possible? a. B patterns. 67 A classmate has asked you to review her report on genetic influences on Ans. D behavior. c. " "Both internal and external events affect the expression of genes. 16 b. Which of the following is NOT true of this disorder? App a. c. D Fac p. a parent and child dizygotic twins non-fraternal siblings 11 . It is a disorder that occurs in approximately one percent of the population. Blue eye color is a recessive genetic trait. d. and some genes may never be expressed. It causes progressive mental deterioration. Which statement would you recommend that she omit from that Con paper? p. Heterozygous chromosomes produce amino acids which assemble the proteins. both independently contributing to the phenotype. " "If an allele is dominant. b. "Attention phenylketonurics: Contains Ans. genetically predetermined. DNA nucleotides direct the process in which amino acids are assembled into proteins. 16 c. 16 d. formed? a. Nucleotides direct the production of DNA which assembles nitrogen bases and proteins. How are proteins. A to a single dominant gene (even though this is an unlikely scenario!). C App p. alike. b. which form and direct the structure of cells. concordant. Palmer discovered that the impulse to bungee jump was related Ans. 65 Ans. 16 a. c. different. 66 Ans. monozygotic twins b. 68 Diet sodas have a warning that states. 15 M 1. It results in the failure to break down an amino acid found in many foods. it must also be a homozygous gene from the mother and the father in order to be expressed. Most human psychological characteristics are a. d. D phenylalanine". Amino acids direct the production of nitrogen bases which determine which proteins are assembled. D Fac p. "Genes have an indirect effect on behavior through the production of C proteins that give rise to various cells' development. polygenic. " "Genetic and environmental factors determine physical and behavioral characteristics. monogenic. b. d. recessive. It is caused by a single dysfunctional gene. polygenic. 1.164 Ans. 69Suppose that Dr. " 1. Which App family members would be most similar in this characteristic? p. 16 a. This means that a blue-eyed person's relevant alleles are a. p. Huntington's M d. a study of individuals with the disorder who had been adopted. kum Con b. his ability is necessarily determined by both factors equally. 18 them to both their biological and adoptive parents. If Javier is an extremely successful stand-up App comedian. you can reasonably conclude his ability is genetically determined. A research approach would provide the most compelling evidence for that role? Con a. nucleotide > gene > chromosome > DNA d. D concern of Fac a. DNA > gene > chromosome > nucleotide c. M b. 74Unconscious determinants of both normal and abnormal behaviors are the central Ans. 17 c. 18 a. chromosome > nucleotide > DNA > gene 71Which of the following does not belong with the other three? Ans. c. Because behavior is affected by both nature and nurture. Freud E c. B indication of unconscious conflict? App a. Ellis d. PKU p. If the comedy gene is a recessive allele. d. 17 b. behavioral theories. Watson p. A a. 18 b. p. 75Who would see the misstatement "I loathe you" in place of "I love you" as an Ans. Wehr is investigating the role of genetic factors in schizophrenia. Rogers 1 2 . cognitive theories. children's temperament 72Dr. chromosome > DNA > gene > nucleotide p.70Which of the following correctly reflects the progression from larger to smaller Ans. distant biological relatives of schizophrenic persons. If the comedy gene is a dominant allele. Any of the above approaches would be equally compelling. ego analysts. comparing p. b. d. 73Suppose researchers discovered the specific "comedy" gene that influences the Ans. A elements of our genetics? Con a. psychoanalysis. 18 b. You cannot be certain whether his talent is due to genes or to the C environment. c. a study of the prevalence of schizophrenia in the immediate vs. A ability to tell jokes successfully. what can you conclude about his genetic make-up? p. Which Ans. a study of monozygotic twins reared together. you cannot determine whether genes and/or environment determined his ability. both of whom have the * disorder. You decide to study for an App hour and then get a pizza delivered for you & your roommate. 19 M Captain Janeway's would love to spend hours frolicking with her new bridge officer. your thoughts are far away on a Ans. superego. superego. Lt. id id. 19 your personality made this decision? a. 19 a. What is the fundamental effect of this influence on Fac her/his personality? p. ego. superego id. ego. Which portion of your personality App insists you return it to its rightful owner? p. superego ego. 77While sitting through a dry lecture in class. ego. ego d. What fuels your daydream? p. A out and gorge on pizza and beer with your friends. What portion of p. where you are surrounded by a bevy of attractive servants who App obey your every whim. D App p. ego superego id pleasure principle 1. id. 80 Ans. D years of a child's life. 19 a. ego p.. Yalta. Janeway's decides to review critical systems' maintenance plans with Lt. superego b. followed by dinner in 10 Forward. Her instills guilt for thinking about anything other than her official duties. D a. primary defense mechanisms are developed * c. You Ans. id Con b. the superego's moral principle develops M b. B fabulous yacht. Yalta. id. 19 a. A found a nickel near your desk in class. libido repression the fantasy principle 78Parents begin to shape appropriate personal and social behavior in the first three Ans. superego. ego introjection b. In the end. id ego ego ideal 13 . id. superego as morality is to . 76 Instinct is to Ans. ego 81Any decent human being would attempt to find the owner of lost money. 19 c. aggressive instincts develop the ego begins to develop 79You are debating whether to study for your upcoming psychology exam or go Ans. D obsessive cleanliness. orderliness. He proposed that symptoms of mental disorders in adults are indirect expressions of longterm sexual fantasies and conflicts. 20 a. which statement is incorrect! Con a. C tops look like they've substituted for chewing gum! According to the App psychoanalytic theory. ": "I'm a good girl & don't M need cookies. M b.It has not formed yet. App a. B the following descriptors does NOT apply to him? App a. " "All mine!": nothing . phallic E b. two-year-old Andrea's id says. In what App stage did this character become fixated? p. how would you 'diagnose' your friend? p. " Ans. unsuccessful in resolving the Oedipal conflict orally fixated unsuccessful in introjecting parental discipline 86 Danton drinks excessively when he is under pressure from his boss. Nothing . 19 b. oral fixation p.82Watching her dad take cookies out of the oven. and perfectionism in the kitchen. Males and females have similar challenges in the first two stages of development but then diverge in the third stage. C ". oral c. anal 1 4 . anal-retentive E b. while her superego says " ". "Do I get some. 20 were connected to experiences of molestation as a child. App a. now!!": "Could I please have a cookie?" p. and when you get them back the Ans. Daddy? I'll share with you. Which of Ans. Daddy. an id defense mechanism regression 84 In regard to Freud's conceptualization of disruptions in psychosexual Ans. regression unresolved Oedipal complex 87 On the television show Saturday Night Live. " 83The childish mannerisms and simplistic language exhibited by some psychotic Ans. a chef character is known for his Ans. absence of defense mechanisms M c. 20 a. genital d. lots. 20 b. repression p. 85Your best friend borrows your pens & pencils. He abandoned the sexual "fantasy" theory to propose that adult disorders p. A development. The particular stage at which conflicts with parents and the larger social world occur shapes the kinds of symptoms an adult displays. D adults represents according to Freud. seen as the core of all neuroses. 19 b.it has not formed y e t : "Sugar's not good for your teeth. "Gim'me. an inferiority complex E c. the centrality of unconscious processes. penis fixation. D a. A adult occupation or activity are incorrectly matched? Con a. by identifying with her mother c. adaptive social interest 15 . 21 c. anal: plumber d. c. 88 Ans. E b. an emphasis on internal vs social influences on behavior 1. 20 c. 20 b. psychosocial crisis p. 20 b. known as p. p. you already broke yours off. will young Tamara most fully resolve her Electa complex? App a. * c. by identifying with her father p. you can't touch it. He is in which psychosexual stage? a. by marrying a virile. B a. " This App Freudian-inspired joke implicitly refers to the young male's fear. "No. 91 According to Freud. young females feel inferior to and envious of males. 20 M Marco is four years old and enjoys mimicking his Dad around the house when he's working. 20 b. which stage and "fixated" Ans. 92 What is the correct order of psychosexual development? Ans. instincts as the primary motivation for behavior.1. A on each of the following issues EXCEPT Con a. Marco also wants to be "just like my Dad" when he grows up. anal b. Ans. C then. the importance of childhood experiences in shaping adult behaviors. oral > anal > phallic > latency > genital 93Contemporary psychoanalytic theorists have substantially disagreed with Freud Ans. oral: gossip columnist c. How. the Electa complex. dominant male 1. anal > oral > genital > latency > sexual p. 94 Which of the following concepts does not belong with the other three? Ans. 20 a. oral > anal > phallic > genital > latency Fac b. castration anxiety. superiority strivings Con b. genital: construction worker p. style of life E b. B App p. phallic oral latency 89Given that psychosexual stages affect adult behavior. B to the young female. anal > phallic > latency > puberty > genital d. by having a child d. introjection. phallic: surrogate mother 90 Two young children are changing into their swimsuits and the young male says Ans. As Ans. App planning and instigating the downfall of his competitors. 21 most clearly explain the origins of this lifestyle? M a. challenging irrational beliefs E c. C an adult. Which theory would p. social modeling c. but Ans. 97 According to theorists. introjection projective identification transference fixated association 1. Eve. Jung's * b. adult psychopathology can be traced to Ans. learning cognitive to caregivers or a failure to achieve secure 98Dr. You are aware that App these same feelings were often experienced in her interactions with her parents. 21 b. p. 21 b. "What sense of inferiority does she harbor from her childhood?" p. behavioral d. "Does she have a healthy balance of connection and autonomy in her relationships?" d. object relations 1 6 . "Did she develop a sense of trust in her earliest stage of social crisis?" 1.95Than was bullied by several schoolmates when he was in elementary school. a psychoanalyst. he has devoted a great deal of time to 'cutthroat' business tactics. cognitive b. would employ several techniques in her work. D experiences to the theory proposed by Erikson. ego analytic c. secure adult relationships is the primary focus of therapy. C accuses you of not caring about her and abandoning her. 21 E The therapeutic goal of "re-parenting" in order to help a client form healthy. 21 What is the term for your client's reaction? a. "At what stage of psychosexual development did a possible fixation occur?" M c. the client Ans. D Fac p. a. which question might you ask? App a. B is not one of them. A Fac p. Today. object relations b. a. 21 E early disruptions in attachment independence. 100 Ans. App a. Adler's Mahler's 96If you were to try to understand a client's difficulties by comparing her Ans. interpreting dreams p. encouraging free association exploring transference 99Last week you had to cancel an appointment with your client. Erikson's c. Skinner. less. Pavlov. 19 C The law of effect is most similar to which Freudian concept? a. d. was having a great deal of conflict in his Ans. consequence) of learning are most clearly Ans. fixation * 102If you learn an abnormal behavior (e. reality principle d. Fac a. and negative Ans. 104 Positive reinforcement makes a behavior likely to reoccur. less p. A what operant process is occurring for your behavior? App a. punishment M c. more M c. 22 b. 22 b. 22 family left him alone. g. Thorndike. When he App drank alcohol. c. others take care of your App needs for you). D marriage. g. C outlined in the work of Con a. D reinforcement makes a behavior likely to reoccur. 22 a. not wanting to be around him when he was intoxicated.. positive reinforcement extinction 106 Martine was laid off from his job. libido c. more. behavior. 1. p.. he found he didn't think about these problems and his wife and p. A Con p. and his family was frequently trying to give him advice. helplessness) by associating your Ans. M What learning process accounts for Martine's developing alcohol abuse? a. less. less more. 101 Ans.1. operant classical modeling 103 The ABC's (antecedent. 22 b. respondent b. more 105When you take out the kitchen trash in order to stop your spouse's angry glare. Ans. pleasure principle b. B actions with their environmental consequences (e. negative reinforcement p. classical conditioning punishment social modeling negative reinforcement 17 . Watson. 22. what process accounts for this learning? p. the association of the unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response p. salivation p. the association between the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus the association between the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response 18 . b. alerting responses 111In classical conditioning.. her classically conditioned responses will be modified by observing the behaviors of her therapist and family. her negative statements will be ignored and will tend to become less M frequent. 22 b. food c. she just went hungry. C based? Con a. 107 Miranda's parents put gold stars on a chart on the refrigerator every time she Ans. App What consequence occurred for her snack-buying behavior? p. what is the crucial association upon which learning is Ans. negative statements will be challenged by her therapist and family. her therapist and family will positively reinforce optimistic statements and punish the negative ones. c. "I'm a hopeless case". 22 a. 22 a. B puts her toys neatly away.1. what was the unconditioned Ans. the association between the neutral stimulus and the conditioned stimulus c. negative reinforcement b. A will ever get better") are subjected to extinction by her therapist and family. her irrational. 110In Pavlov's original studies of classical conditioning. positive reinforcement negative punishment negative reinforcement 108A snack machine in the psychology building occasionally kept a professor's Ans. law of consequence b. C money without dispensing any snack. "Nothing Ans. she gets to go to a movie. App What operant process is taking place? p. extinction punishment law of negative effect 109A depressed client's negative statements (e. When she gets 10 stars. B stimulus? Fac a. 22 b. d. g. 22 a. After a while. App This means p. tone d. If you find App yourself with an unpleasant reaction to this imagined scene. d. A psychological theories? Con a. irrational cognitions. behavioral > psychoanalytic > cognitive E c. 0=organism. O M c. social modeling. behavioral biological 1 9 . cognitive c. the work of Watson and Rayner indicated that p. D this as an unconscious fear of the child's father. Fac a. what is the chronological order of the following Ans. A a. 22 children's fears can be caused not by unconscious conflict but by a. Fac b. B information is the primary concern of the theories. 19-24 b. However. a strong puff of air to the eye Con b. conditioned stimulus conditioned response unconditioned stimulus unconditioned response 113Which of the following is an unconditioned stimulus? Ans. behavior therapy. 117 Historically speaking. psychoanalytic > cognitive > behavioral d. Which Ans. and R=response. operant conditioning. p. shivering in cold weather p. Freud might interpret Ans. 22 c. 23 c. a common reaction during this App Oedipal stage. salivation to the thought of biting into a sour lemon M d. 24 b. sociocultural p.112Close your eyes and imagine that you are sitting in a dentist's chair. C a. cognitive therapy. 116 In S-O-R terminology. B cavity she's drilling is in an area that isn't completely numb. psychoanalytic > behavioral > cognitive p. family therapy. and the Ans. R All three elements apply to both kinds of theories. the Stimulus. 24 b. cognitive > psychoanalytic > behavioral 118An emphasis on the active information processing of internal and environmental Ans. S p. B element distinguishes cognitive theories from learning theories? Con a. how would you p. 22 label that discomfort? a. object relations therapy. a telephone ring * 114Suppose a five-year-old child has a phobia of horses. classical conditioning 115Mary Cover Jones provided an early example of the effective use of Ans. 1. 119 Ans. C Con p. 24 M Observational learning could also be thought of as a. direct conditioning. b. expectancy conditioning, c. vicarious conditioning. d. trial-and-error learning. 120Shandra has watched her sister express a great deal of fear whenever large, Ans. D noisy dogs come close to their yard. What process accounts for Shandra's App developing fear of such dogs? p. 24 a. operant conditioning b. classical conditioning cognitive-behavioral learning observational learning 121According to Bandura, if Cesar does not approach an attractive person and ask Ans. A for a date because he believes he will make a poor first impression, which of App Cesar's expectancies is impaired? p. 24 a. self-efficacy M b. internal attribution self-appraisal catastrophic 122"You look very nice today!" A person who hears this and thinks to her/himself, Ans. B "Yeah, I do look pretty awful most other days" and then feels very despondent App is exhibiting a dysfunctional p. 25 a. attribution. M b. appraisal. conditioned response. global expectancy. 123Which pattern of attribution is evident in the statement, "I can't leam chemistry Ans. C because the instructor covers too much material too fast"? App a. internal, stable, global p. 25 b. internal, temporary, specific M c. external, temporary, global external, stable, global 124If the S-O-R model is defined as S=stimulus(environment), Ans. B 0=organism(cognition), and R=response(behavior), which element is most Con important to Albert Ellis? p. 25 a. S b. O R All are equally relevant in his theory. 20 1. 125 Your therapist is helping you explore the possibility that your belief that "my Ans. D family should always get along and be fully supportive of everyone" could be an App expectancy that is counterproductive. Which theorist's model is guiding your p. 25 therapist? a. Julian Rotter Aaron Beck Carl Rogers Albert Ellis 126What clear similarity is found between cognitive and phenomenological Ans. A theories? Con a. an emphasis on the self p. 25-6 b. attention to environmental consequences for behavior M c. a belief in self-actualization attention to styles of interpersonal interaction 127You are a psychologist who conceptualizes depression as the result of frustrated Ans. C attempts to achieve one's potential for growth and congruence. What theory App guides your thinking? p. 26 a. cognitive b. interpersonal humanistic sociocultural 128A junior high female won an award for an improvisational dance in her 4-H Ans. D club at school. However, at the regional competition, her father encouraged her App to sing instead of dance. While the daughter was more talented and more p. 26 interested in dance, she acquiesced in order to gain his approval. In other M words, the father's suggestion was a reflected appraisal. negative reinforcer. conditioned response. condition of worth. 129 Which of the following concepts is INCORRECTLY paired? Ans. B a. superego: conditions of worth Fac b. id: self-actualization p. 26 c. defense mechanism: incongmence M d. ego: congruence 1. 130 Conditions of worth is to unmet needs as is to , Ans. B Con p. 26 E a. Beck; Rogers b. Rogers; Maslow c. Sullivan; Ellis d. Maslow; Perls 21 131You are a therapist who believes that it is your role to provide unconditional Ans. C acceptance, to permit your clients the freedom to explore their full range of App possibilities. In other words, you intend to help your clients achieve p. 26 a. positive self-appraisal. M b. conditions of self-worth. * c. self-actualization, d. phenomenology. 1. 132 Harry Stack Sullivan would provide a theoretical framework most useful in Ans. D working with people who exhibit Fac a. clinical depression, p. 26 b. paranoid schizophrenia. E c. generalized anxiety disorder. dependent personality disorder. 133Adrian wants to take care of someone and be her sole source of emotional Ans. A support, and his girlfriend wants someone who will look out for her and save App her from her abusive family. While both have become miserable in this p. 27 relationship and are mostly unaware of the needs of the other person, they are unwilling to end the relationship. What term applies to this situation? reciprocity congruence interpersonal equity counter-transference 1. 134 In regard to the origins of disturbed behavior, which theory does NOT belong Ans. B with the other three? Fac a. psychoanalytic p. 27 b. sociocultural c. behavioral d. interpersonal 135Duretha is a sociocultural psychologist. In explaining the origin of anxiety Ans. C disorders, she might emphasize App a. distorted perception and memory processes, p. 27 b. operant contingencies. c. rapid technological change, d. interpersonal styles. 1. 136 Epidemiological researchers have discovered that acting-out behaviors and poor Ans. D impulse control are more common in cultures that tolerate and reward App aggression. This finding most clearly supports the explanation of p. 27 disordered behavior. a. behavioral drift social selection social relativism social causation 2 2 1. 137 Ans. A App p. 28 M If a social policy analyst believes that the mentally ill are overrepresented in the homeless population because of their inability to maintain adequate employment due to their symptoms, what explanation is this person endorsing? a. social drift b. social relativism social inequity social causation 138 The criterion by which "abnormality" is defined as "not culturally expected" Ans. B would be most sharply criticized by sociocultural psychologists who emphasize Con social p. 28 a. causation. M b. relativism. c. selectivity. differentiation. 139 Which of the following disorders is least likely to be used by sociocultural Ans. C psychologists in order to support their perspective on the causes of mental Con disorders? p. 28 a. windigo b. anorexia nervosa schizophrenia alcohol abuse 140There is a stigma associated with many of the diagnostic labels used by Ans. D psychiatrists and psychologists. Which outspoken advocate of the sociocultural Fac perspective asserts mat these labels turn "problems in living" into illnesses p. 28 needing professional treatment? a. Rosenhan Helzer Sullivan Szasz 141A person who lives in a country marked by political upheaval, a shortage of Ans. A jobs, and inadequate health care may become depressed or anxious. According App to Szasz, what is the most appropriate description for this person's difficulties? p. 28 a. problems in living b. mental disorder but not mental illness incongruence environmental pathology 1. 142 You could criticize the social labeling perspective for each of the following Ans. B reasons EXCEPT Con a. a lack of explanation for the origin of problematic behaviors. p. 28-9 b. its irrelevance for an understanding of the impact of psychiatric diagnosis. c. its essential rejection of the biological model. d. ongoing and sometimes worsening difficulties experienced by people who have never been labeled. 23 143A group of psychologists is discussing ways in which juvenile delinquency can Ans. C be prevented before it starts. What kind of psychologists are these? App a. epidemiological p. 29 b. social c. community d. interventionist 144A clinical researcher has developed a hypothesis that anxiety disorders occur in Ans. D individuals who are bom with a tendency to synthesize too little GABA and that App this lack of GABA is most problematic when the person loses a sense of p. 29 control over their environment (e. g., victim of a violent attack). What model is M represented in this hypothesis? vulnerability-event model additive-factor model exposure-response model diathesis-stress model 145Due to both biological and family influences, Rene has a tendency to respond to Ans. A unpleasant events with passivity and pessimism. What would you predict about App Rene's vulnerability to depression? p. 30 a. If relevant stressors occur in Rene's life, the combination of that tendency M and the stressors could cause depression. b. Given this diathesis, it is likely that Rene will experience depression regardless of life circumstances. c. Either Rene's response to events or the events themselves will be sufficient to cause depression. d. Rene probably inherited depression from his parents. 1. 146 Jerrod insists that his explanation for the psychological cause of depression is Ans. C based on the scientific method. If so, which of the following criteria is NOT App relevant to evaluating his explanation? p. 31 a. his collection of empirical data b. the organization of his findings into a theory the correlational evidence demonstrating the relationship between cause and effect the testing of specific hypotheses with operational definitions 147Bryce, a clinical researcher, is developing her ideas about how parenting styles Ans. C influence children's development of oppositional defiant disorder. What is the App appropriate term for the set of ideas, predictions, and explanations that will p. 31 result from this work? a. a hypothesis operational definitions a theory an experimental design 24 148Which of the following statements does NOT characterize the scientific Ans. A method? Con a. A single well-designed and appropriately conducted study provides p. 31-4 conclusive evidence for a given theory. M b. The collection of empirical data is common to both the correlational and * experimental methods. c. The abstract concepts of a theory must be operationally defined before being evaluated in a specific research study. d. The progress in scientific understanding of abnormality is slow, evolving from the interplay of theory and hypothesis-testing. 149Which description below reflects an operational definition? Ans. C a. "Aggression was measured as a frequency of violent, harmful acts. " App b. "Participants in the study were observed for signs of anxiety and fear. " p. 31 c. "Depression was assessed by scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic C Personality Inventory. " d. "Effectiveness of group therapy was evaluated for patients with severe psychopathology. " 150Passing federal laws mandating what states must include in their public school Ans. B curriculum in response to the AIDS crisis represents prevention. App a. tertiary p. 32 b. primary M c. cautionary * d. secondary 151The Head Start program for disadvantaged preschoolers is what form of Ans. C prevention? App a. anticipatory p. 32 b. tertiary M c. secondary primary 152Which of the following pairs is INCORRECTLY matched in regard to Ans. D prevention? Con a. tertiary: treatment impact p. 32 b. primary: universal impact M c. secondary: selective impact tertiary: developmental impact 153 Dr. Moulding is a developmental psychopathologist. In his work, he attempts to Ans. B identify which children are at risk for developing conduct disorders and to App develop intervention methods in the family and at school to lessen their risk, p. 32 What kind of prevention does this represent? a. intermediary secondary primary tertiary 2 5 1. 154 If Emilio wanted to measure the relationship between marital income and Ans. A marital dysfunction, what approach would he use? App a. correlational p. 33 b. hypothetical c. experimental d. quasi-experimental 155 If household income and anxiety were negatively correlated, how would you Ans. C characterize this relationship? App a. As household income increases, anxiety increases. p. 33 b. An increase in household income causes reductions in anxiety. c. As household income increases, anxiety decreases. d. Reductions in household income cause increases in anxiety. 1. 156 As the neurotransmitter GABA increases, symptoms of anxiety (e. g., rapid Ans. C breathing, sweating, difficulties in concentration) decrease. What kind of App relationship is this? p. 33 a. positive correlation M b. independent-dependent correlation * c. negative correlation quasi-correlation 157There is a strong positive relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity Ans. A disorder (ADHD) symptoms and learning disabilities. What can you conclude App about these two variables? p. 33 a. Knowing that a child has ADHD allows you to predict something about her M difficulties in learning. b. ADHD causes learning disabilities. c. Learning disabilities lead to ADHD. d. As ADHD symptoms increase, learning disabilities tend to decrease. 1. 158 Cause is to as effect is to . Ans. B a. measurement; manipulation Con b. independent variable; dependent variable p. 33 c. dependent variable; manipulation E d. experiment; correlation 159In an experiment measuring the effects of positive reinforcement on the Ans. C frequency of prosocial behaviors in conduct disordered adolescents, the IV is App and the DV is . p. 33 a. the group of adolescents; positive reinforcement b. positive reinforcement; the control group c. positive reinforcement; prosocial behaviors prosocial behaviors; conduct disordered behavior 160Shandra is conducting an experiment on the effects of caffeine on anxiety Ans. A symptoms. By what process should she assign her participants to groups? App a. random assignment p. 34 b. control procedure E c. random sampling d. non-manipulated assignment 2 6 1. 161 Ans. A App p. 34-5 M Dr. Woodward is conducting an experiment to evaluate the effect of clozapine, a new drug, as a treatment for schizophrenic symptoms. Which of the following aspects will NOT be useful for this study? a. measurement of the effect of the dependent variable b. a placebo control group c. double-blind condition d. random assignment to groups 162You are a researcher investigating coping styles and depressive disorders. You Ans. D would use a(n) _ approach to evaluate which styles are most closely App related to depression, and you would use a(n) approach to evaluate p. 33-6 whether certain styles cause more severe depression. a. quasi-experimental; experimental b. correlational; correlational experimental; operational correlational; quasi-experimental 163 Controversies surrounding genetic explanations of behavior are related to each of Ans. D the following factors EXCEPT Fac a. a history of disturbing abuses of research used to eliminate "inferior" p. 34 individuals. b. implications for discriminatory or racist practices. the anticipated neglect of environmental and social factors. the assertion on the part of behavioral geneticists that biological interventions are sufficient. 164On average. African Americans' IQ is lower than that of European Americans, Ans. C who in turn have a lower IQ than do Asian Americans. For what central reason Con should you NOT attribute these group differences to genetic influences? p. 34-5 a. The polygenic factors associated with intelligence have not yet been C identified and thus not yet compared across groups. Adoption studies have shown that environmental factors are more important than genetic factors in determining group differences. Behavior genetics research estimates within-group nature/nurture influences and cannot explain differences between groups. Such an explanation would rule out social and environmental factors and thus fuel fires of racism and discrimination. 165 In a study of the effect of alcohol on coordination and problem-solving, some Ans. C randomly-assigned participants receive a "mocktail", a beverage without App alcohol, and others receive a beverage with the alcohol taste disguised. p. 35 However, the "mocktail" group showed more errors on the dependent variable compared to a group that received no beverage. What problem is present? biased assignment to groups a lack of a manipulated IV placebo effect lack of a control group 2 7 1. 166 You might choose a quasi-experimental approach under each of the following Ans. B conditions EXCEPT App a. when participants cannot be assigned randomly to groups p. 35-6 b. when you have an insufficient number of participants for a study c. when manipulation of the IV presents a serious ethical violation d. when the IV cannot physically be manipulated 1. 167 It is not actually possible to conduct direct experimental studies of the causes Ans. B of psychological disorders in clinical research subjects. This is true for each of Con the following reasons EXCEPT the p. 36 a. inability to employ random assignment. b. inability to operationally define the relevant variables. inability to ethically manipulate the hypothesized causes. inability to rule out all possible confounds in a single study. 1. 168 Because quasi-experimental designs cannot rule out as powerfully as Ans. A true experiments can, the use of increase(s) the confidence one can Fac have about the hypothesized effects of such studies. p. 36 a. confounds; replication b. placebo effects; representative samples confabulations; manipulated variables confabulations; reiteration 169 Dr. Rohi is planning to conduct a study on eating disorders in the U. S. He Ans. B hypothesizes that European American females will be more likely to exhibit App this disorder than will African American females, given the preponderance of p. 36 excessively thin, Caucasian models in the popular media. What kind of sample will he need? normative representative diversified responsive SHORT ANSWER / ESSAY 1. 170 Explanations for the behavior of persons like Nelson, described in the chapter, will depend importantly on several factors that stem from one's culture. Describe these and give an example of how a contemporary student of psychology might employ them to understand abnormality. The importance one's society places on science and on religion affects views toward abnormality. Cultures that value science tend to produce more compelling explanations for disorders and more effective interventions. The discipline of psychology itself works within the assumptions of science developed over the last 400 years. Somewhat more related to religious beliefs are one's perceptions of personal responsibility for problems which determine whether "blame" is merited and what sort of treatment should be made available. The growing understanding of genetic factors will require thoughtful consideration of this factor. Most 28 supernatural approach to abnormality. demonological. emphasizing that final answers to questions of abnormality will not be found. ushering in the moral treatment era Rush. in essence. 1. making eventual science of psychology possible Weyer: strong advocate of compassionate treatment for bodily illnesses.. ? For what reasons did this era end? Philippe Pinel instigated moral treatment in France by unchaining his first "inmate" in 1793. 172 Despite its early promise in France. the discovery of the biological cause of general paresis sparked a strong movement toward the identification of the biological/genetic causes of other disorders.generally. Dorothea Dix was instrumental in convincing states to construct mental hospitals for the specialized care of disordered individuals. Plato & Epictetus: stressed rationality & perception vs. Too. Freudian. who were significant figures in shaping attitudes toward and/or treatment of mental disorders. implemented moral treatment Kraepelin: establishing first formal diagnostic system for classifying mental disorders 1. Dix: in their respective countries. moral (or humane) treatment was. provided basis for Galen's synthesis of biology and psychological temperament Avicenna: helped preserve the Greek scholarship during Europe's Dark Ages. however. g. attention to work and productivity. Chiarugi. Aristotle: emphasis on empirical method. Tuke. predictable processes Pinel: unchained inmates at La Bicetre in France. S. including abnormal behavior. the time and place in which one lives out one's life will importantly influence which model of abnormality (e. supernatural causes of abnormality. Over time. fatally flawed. and greater personal freedom. Perhaps most importantly. 29 . collecting of environmentally-available information to understand abnormality Hippocrates: developed biological vs. prior to 1900. leading to a renewed tendency to offer only custodial care for the mentally ill. strongly criticized the persecution of witches Descartes: Renaissance philosopher providing basis from which to study behavior and mental processes and mechanical. it became clear that such treatment was not sufficient to address the needs of severe mental illnesses. Who instigated this approach and when? Which person was instrumental in its introduction to the U. behavioral) is most accepted. the state hospitals became overcrowded and understaffed. 171 Describe the historical contributions of four persons. drawing attention away from psychosocial characteristics. The deplorable conditions in asylum at that time were significantly improved by Pinel's encouragement of compassion. helped bridge Greek philosophy with Renaissance science. and indicate what kind of chemical message you would be communicating if subsequent neurons sent the message to the somatic nervous system. Genetic inheritance and life experience combine interactively to ultimately determine individual characteristics. which is the tiny gap between two neurons. Describe what happens to you during neural communication. even if their disorder has been shown to be influenced by genetics. 174 Imagine that you are a molecule of acetylcholine. What kind of supportive evidence would you expect from adoption studies? from twin studies? In an adoption study. The action of genes is influenced by both internal and external (environmental) triggers. If I bind to a receptor on that neuron's dendrite. 30 . planning. where I am pushed into the synapse. I cross the synapse toward a dendrite of the next neuron. control human characteristics directly but indirectly through the 'programming' of amino acids are assembled into proteins that form the basis of cell development. in fact. 173 List four areas of your brain that are involved in the reading of this question and the writing of your response. 1. I begin in the end of an axon. If this chemical message makes it to the somatic NS through a network of tens of thousands of neurons. with the result that one's phenotype is never identical with one's genotype.1. one would expect that the thrill-seeking behavior of adopted children would be more similar to that of their biological parents than of their adoptive parents. monozygotic twins would show greater concordance for this characteristic than would dizygotic twins or other siblings. moreover.. g. we cannot specify the extent to which that factor was instrumental in this person's disorder. language comprehension & production. In twin studies. briefly indicate what each area contributes. gene controls their expression. I will make it more likely to produce its own action potential. For each. motor control Occipital lobe: visual perception Thalamus: relay of information from eyes to occipital lobe Reticular formation: maintaining alertness in order to complete activity Cerebellum: fine motor coordination of writing 1. Cerebrum: thinking. Human psychological characteristics are also polygenic. It is a commonly-held misconception that genes and environment are separate influences on human behavior and mental processes. 1. 175 Explain why it is misleading to ask whether "nature" or "nurture" is the cause of a particular disorder. Genes do not. bungee jumping of the World Trade Tower) is genetically influenced. 176 Suppose that thrill-seeking behavior (e. a voluntary muscle movement will occur. meaning that no one. In regard to any given disorder individual. 177 How does each component of the personality develop. 1. libido. which fuels behavior in accord with the pleasure principle — if it feels good. and I tried Exceeding brand tablets. describe an example of punishment. " Explain how this approach violates the components of critical thinking. In the first few years of life. When unable to cope effectively. the ego develops as an organized portion of the id which operates on the reality principle — if it feels good. 178 Describe two behaviors that you have learned through the process of operant conditioning. 1. and how might you describe each one's 'character'? What is the nature of the relationship among those components? The id is present at birth and is the source of the instinct. 31 . the superego develops. do it (no matter what the consequence). Failure to use defense mechanisms or their excessive use results in disorder. The speaker uses only himself as a research subject and does not seek replication either through others' experiences or at least another dose of the tablet for his next headache. [no modal response predictable] 179 Heard on a television commercial: "Did I review the clinical research? No. he has failed to consider the possibility of alternative explanations for the outcome of his action. In one example. I had a headache. do it. in the phallic stage of psychosexual development. but don't get in trouble. In about the fifth year of life. and mores. the ego makes use of defense mechanisms that prevent distressing unconscious impulses from reaching consciousness. as a child encounters limitations and consequences by interacting with the external world. It is the task of the ego to balance the competing demands of the id and superego with the requirements of the external world. He has not attempted to collect competing evidence in order to evaluate its validity in comparison to his initial findings. however. It is the psychological residue of parental and cultural norms. and in the other. That's proof enough for me. according to Freud.1. This is a clear example of how NOT to gather information. My headache was cured. More importantly. and is often excessively rigid in its demands for "proper" behavior. inhibitions. explain the process by which you learned a specific behavior through the process of negative reinforcement. either approach should describe variables in concrete. measurable terms. 180 Dr. & a measured DV. experiment should explicitly include random assignment to groups. and indicate the general characteristics of the associated research design. a manipulated IV.1. Be sure to give specific operational definitions for the variables in your hypothesis. Develop a correlational or an experimental hypothesis to test to evaluate this theory. ] 3 2 . [No definitive response predictable: Correlation should specify direction of the proposed relationship between two variables WITHOUT describing a causal relationship. Landry theorizes that anxiety disorders are caused by distorted perceptual processes in which an individual perceives threat in her/his environment when no objective threat is present. schizophrenia p. disorder as dysfunction E b. C which "disorder" would be omitted? App a. 45 this definition? M a. she might 2 have been labeled as "disordered". This definition would fit only if Dolf is experiencing difficulty in everyday functioning. There is no evidence that Dolf has sought treatment from a clinician. disorder as a label 33 . 44 b. 45 a. autism M c. presidents as "mentally disordered"? App a. S. Failure to conform to social norms does not necessarily reflect a mental disorder. dysfunction d. App you would offer just the definition. They stood in a nearly empty elevator with their backs to the door. B all U. disorder as statistical rarity d. A go to medical school to become a neurosurgeon. By what definition would they be considered p. p. "Why don't you just make it simple?" To accommodate them. d. App staring at the other riders. phobia panic disorder 4Some introductory psychology students decided to try a social psychology Ans. a person said with Ans. b. 1 In the 1920's. A App p. c. statistical c. What problem is reflected in p. Ans. disruptive What definition of abnormality would you most likely be using if you defined Ans. subjective distress c. What definition applies in this case? a. 44 "disordered"? a. dysfunction political 3 If a psychologist employed only the "statistical" definition of mental disorder. deviation b. labeling p. disorder as what clinicians treat c. It is unclear what level of personal distress Dolf is experiencing. 44 E * 2. Ans. The deviance definition of App abnormality would define Dolf as "disordered". 6"How can you have so many definitions of mental disorder?".Chapter 2 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 2. dysfunctional subjectively distressing what clinicians treat deviance 5Dolf is a 58-year-old male who just married for the first time and has decided to Ans. had a young woman worn a bikini to a public beach. B exasperation. D experiment. 44 b. A and feels no remorse for any of his actions. It is further argued that these children will p. 46 b. 8It is unlikely that any person has lived a life free from sadness. healthy exuberance and App rambunctiousness of childhood. EVERY App person could be considered mentally disordered at some point. D which disorder definition? Fac a. She will underestimate the presence of disorders among people of lower SES. what clinicians treat d. 45 a. Some clients seek help in order to attain goals unrelated to symptoms of a mental disorder. M What definition of disorder are such persons employing? disorder as dysfunction disorder as label disorder as what clinicians treat disorder as deviance 11Which of the following would in fact be considered a disorder by the labeling Ans. subjective distress dysfunction deviance harm 10Some people have argued that children diagnosed with attention deficit Ans. 12 The official diagnostic system used in North America relies most heavily on Ans. Which definition does p. become App temporarily depressed when he is caught and put in jail. d. however. deviance p. occasional Ans. deviance E b. She will ignore some problems by tending to focus on characteristics that are rare. C definition? App a. He has victimized many people Ans. He does. dependent personality disorder C c. labeling dysfunction subjective distress 9 Ted B. or feelings of fear. B hyperactivity disorder are exhibiting the common. with this rejection causing harm. She will fail to define differences in the severity of dysfunction and distress in her clients. 45 b. C experienced by clients in treatment. 45 ultimately be rejected by nondisordered peers. dysfunction 3 4 . Alzheimer's posttraumatic stress disorder. p. according to the definition. She will encounter several problems with App this definition. C b. 45 a.7A clinician defines "mental disorder" according to the nature of the problems Ans. D anger. Which of the following is NOT relevant? p. social phobia p. has an antisocial personality disorder. Thus. 45 NOT apply? a. distress c. 2. the first step of assessment only. and compare App this information to your future goals in order to make a thoughtful decision. diagnosing. organizing and interpreting it. a clinician must engage in a three-step Ans. 46 other words. assessment. diagnosis. S. C a. Which of the following is NOT an App issue applicable to your chosen definition? p. and planning interventions. 35 . C process of Fac a. A center. 16In order to understand and treat clients. This activity comprises p. and diagnosing. Con b. the second step of assessment only. In p. c. the American Psychiatric Association p. 18 A bachelor's-level "psych technician" works in a community mental health Ans. obtaining personality and behavior tests. gathering test data. and Canada. you are engaging in the process of M a. 13 Which group publishes the official nosological guide used in North America? Ans. interviewing and testing. M d. 2. 46 c. the National Institute of Mental Health 14You have labeled punk rock adolescents walking down the street as Ans. diagnosing. c. you Ans. B a. b. 46 c. 46 a. p. Are the adolescents' behaviors harmful to society. What is the actual level of personal distress experienced by the adolescents? b. the World Health Organization d. and providing therapy. 46 b. 46 a. and diagnosing. all three steps of assessment. or are they annoying? Might their characteristics be considered acceptable or common in another social setting? What individual costs are associated with the adolescents' demeanor and behavior? 15 You are trying to decide what major you should choose in college. 17 What do the DSM-IV and the ICD-10 have in common? They Ans. d. classifying a nosology. p. were both developed by psychiatrists in the U. content validity. the first and second steps of assessment only. are both systems of nosology. the American Psychological Association Fac b. B go to several departments. gathering information. * b. nosology. are both guides to the assessment of mental disorders. A "dysfunctional" and therefore disordered. gather information about requirements. conducting preliminary intake interviews and administering and scoring App tests. Thus. both primarily employ the deviance definition of disorders. 2. 46-7 a. 46 c. accuracy. B a. content reliability b. What is App your next assessment task? p. D received the results of several psychological tests taken by the client. 46 a. M b. A reliability of a pencil & paper test of paranoia? App a. test-retest * d. D you are concerned with . concurrent 24Dr. reliability. Ans. what sort of reliability would be most important to you? App a. internal reliability. C reliability is most important in this case? App a. validity and reliability p. content E c. whether the results from two persons who score the test are in agreement d. evaluate the reliability and validity of the assessment instruments arrive at a diagnosis develop an organized understanding of the client 20On which two dimensions are psychological assessments evaluated? Ans. construct validity reliability. What form of Ans. compare test results to DSM nosology b. 25When you are evaluating assessment data for a consistent picture about a client. a comparison of answers on one half of the test to answers on the other half p. standardization. its association to scores on established tests of interpersonal suspiciousness C and distrust c. when you evaluate that data for its Con meaningfulness. you are concerned with . Dr. p. test-retest internal 22Which of the following pieces of information would permit you to evaluate the Ans. A classroom. A met Nena and diagnosed her with a mood disorder. 47 b. internal M c. Wan met with Nena and diagnosed her with an anxiety disorder. 46 b. reliability and utility Fac b. interrater p. objectivity. validity 36 . The clinicians have a App problem with p. internal structure and content 21Moira took an IQ test last year and took it again last week. reliability content validity. 47 a. interrater p. 47 b. whether it can predict interpersonal conflict in the future 23In a study in which observers measure a child's prosocial behaviors in the Ans. comprehensiveness and validity E d.19You have conducted a structured interview with your new client and have Ans. Tu Ans. concurrent validity. predictive validity. concurrent p. 47 a. test-retest M c. 29 While it is difficult to assess future suicide potential. App assert that their instrument covers DSM criteria more fully than does the BDI. predictive content concurrent 28 A test of chronic anxiety can identify who is most likely to later develop cardio-Ans. A one of the most useful tests currently available for this assessment. concurrent validity. 231 Ans. C represent the material that has been covered in class. predictive 2. and apprehensive. Developers of The Inventory to Diagnose Depression. What type of validity does this test demonstrate? App a. construct reliability. a. A App p. internal reliability.26The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is commonly used in studies of Ans. the Hopelessness Scale is Ans. b. predictive Observational ratings of schizophrenic behaviors are positively correlated with the MMPI's Sc scale. Ans. D If Amee's friends also report that she is often edgy. however. what element of validity App are you addressing? p. B depression. 47 b. 47 a. concurrent internal content 37 . 47 What sort of validity is at issue here? a. predictive b. p. construct M b. This demonstrates the validity of the observational ratings. 47 b. concurrent content internal construct 27If you believe that the test you are currently taking does not adequately Ans. construct d. fidgety. D vascular disease. 47 a. App then this MMPI scale demonstrates p. Which of App the following validities is important here? p. construct content internal 30Results on the MMPI's Psychasthenia scale indicate that Amee is very anxious. 36 One cannot predict intelligence from a person's shoe size because these variables Ans. B have little relationship. To do Ans. 88 35If higher scores on a depression inventory are strongly associated with lower Ans. +. consistency M c. -. A a. 70 2. 03 c = . 47. 00 r = +. +. Which expression below MOST accurately describes App this relationship? p. 37 An assessment instrument can have Ans. Now. 47 this instrument. Ans. 75 p. a. +. 47 demonstrate? a. meaningfulness. he will need assessment instruments that measure attitudes and behaviors that App are related to later violence. 62 p. -1. conducting initial studies to determine the validity of p. App She is. reliability Fac b. reliability. content predictive concurrent descriptive 33 A psychologist is developing an assessment instrument for "optimism". D a.32Dr. . B she believes will predict effective coping under conditions of extreme life stress. 9 c. 47 c. r = -. 37 C c. 62 Con b. B so. consistency. D In other words. Whiteley wants to develop a program to prevent domestic violence. internal validity * d. validity. 00 E d. scores on a measure of optimism. reliability p. validity 3 8 . 20 b. C a. it still says 8: 15. predictive validity p. +. content validity. validity without having 38You checked your watch an hour ago and it said 8: 15. 47 b. which Ans. therefore. 14 2. 05 * d. validity. +. 9 b. What type of validity must this assessment p. consistency. 47. internal construct concurrent forecastive 34Which of the following coefficients reflect the highest internal consistency? Ans. your watch has but not App a. . c = +. 47 a. what validity coefficient would you find? App -. reliability. validity M d. it will correctly App diagnose Eleni. C "disorder as a label" critics? Con a. unstructured interview objective test naturalistic observation 3 9 . true positive p. true negative: correct decision that no diagnosis should be made Con b. 49 b. sensitivity 41Richard. D a.2. true positive E b. What assessment will be most useful to you? a. false negative: incorrect decision that no treatment is needed p. level of family conflict b. 39 Ans. sensitivity validity. In other App words. A distorted by the client's attempts to create a certain impression. if it has good . the test for Alzheimer's disease produced a result. C App p. false negative nonspecific 42Which of the following terms and outcomes are incorrectly matched? Ans. B fact he was experiencing major depression with melancholic features. true negative c. Which of the App following is the best candidate? p. and Dorcha. Dorcha will not be diagnosed as p. 49 c. life record b. 49 a. her nondisordered sister. sensitivity. a. specificity content validity. p. If the test has good . a 70-year-old male. both took a Ans. predictive validity specificity. 49 schizophrenic. a schizophrenic patient. you are working with elementary school children who are at risk for juvenile delinquency. A new test for schizophrenia. peer ratings of children's aggressiveness measurement of family socioeconomic status 40Eleni. false positive false negative 44 A clinician wants to obtain information about a client that is least likely to be Ans. false positive: incorrect decision that no diagnosis should be made 43Which diagnostic decision outcome would support the arguments made by the Ans. false positive * c. 48 E As a graduate student. family ratings of children's temperament c. diagnostic sensitivity: correct decision to assign a diagnosis M d. 49 a. was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease when in Ans. which of the following instruments would you choose Ans. 49 a. norm referenced.Prison version c. B understand his new client. mental status examination: structured interview 2. 50 In a student's review of the strengths of the interview method of assessment. 2. and * diagnostic categories. Interviews are a relatively inexpensive and flexible means by which to gather information. 45 Dr. Rogers Psychopathology Screening Scale d. Bernstein plans to employ several different assessment methods to Ans. Ans. intelligence test. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM p. D to conduct an initial screening of mental illness in inmates? App a. structured interview. 49 Which of the following assessments and classification are incorrectly matched? Ans. 50 b. Several structured interviews are available for various populations. Clinicians usually prefer the greater reliability and breadth of information provided by unstructured interviews. B a. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule . The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia 47As a prison psychologist. 50 b. D Exam are consistent across all test-takers is to say that the test is App a. carry out controlled and participant observations conduct an intelligence test 46 Which structured interview would you use if you wanted to conduct a multi-site Ans. an acceptable p. Psychopathology Checklist Revised p. conduct an interview c. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule d. 51To say that the procedures for administering and scoring the Graduate Record Ans. p. 51 b. MMPI: projective personality test p. neuropsychological battery.2. 70 or greater. standardized. Fac b. d. ages. 50 c. E d. 48 The mental status examination is a type of Ans. p. M b. C which statement should be omitted? Con a. WAIS-R: intelligence test E d. 40 . C epidemiological study and your research assistants were nonprofessionals? App a. reliable. Interrater and test-retest reliability tend to be. Structured Diagnostic Inventory c. App what will he do? p. 50-3 c. ask the client to complete a structured personality test like the MMPI b. The Referral Decision Scale 2. A a. Halstead-Reitan Battery: neuropsychological test Con b. If he begins with the most commonly used tool. personality inventory. 51 level of consistency. c. valid. Doria-Kansas Battery. In order to evaluate the possibility of p. a disorder of childhood. dysphoric mood. trail making test. such as schizophrenia b. she has Ans. 51-2 depression vs. MMPI-A The Diagnostic Interview Schedule 4 1 . Halstead-Reitan Battery. A in an automobile accident may have brain damage that is affecting his App psychological functioning. and the tactile perception test. B sensory-perceptual exam. 53 b. Incomplete Sentences p. attitude and interests. A had memory difficulties. Wide Range Achievement Test. Aphasia screening test -. D Reggie's App a. providing his counselor with a measure of Ans. brain dysfunction associated with some form of dementia. Categories test ~ ability to form abstract concepts p. Lately. Rorschach Inkblot c. personality. WAIS-R. 53 Nora wants to evaluate the possibility that a client who sustained a head injury Ans.accuracy of reproduction of forms and simple M spelling Finger tapping test — kinesthetic perception and auditory attention Tactual performance test -. which of the following Ans. intelligence. She could consider using any of the following tests p. such as dementia c. 51-2 EXCEPT the E a. C matched? Fac a. p. achievement and aptitudes. such as attention deficit disorder 56Which Halstead-Reitan Battery test and its focus of assessment are incorrectly Ans. what two tests would be most useful? MMPI and Halstead-Reitan WRAT and WAIS-R Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II and the MSE Luria-Nebraska and the Rorschach Inkblot test 55 An individual was referred for tests such as the categories test. a psychotic disorder. A assessments would demonstrate the lowest reliability? Con a. E c. 52-3 a. 52-3 b. Ans. 54Clara is a patient in a geropsychiatry unit of a state hospital. 51 b. such as mental retardation an anxiety disorder.52Reggie took the Stanford Binet test. little or no appetite.motor speed and incidental memory 57Drawing from information presented in the text. a cognitive disorder. and deficits in App language production and comprehension. Which potential App disorder might the examiner suspect? p. p. test-taking attitude clinical symptoms severity of psychological distress 59 Reya answered several items on the MMPI-2 that were rarely endorsed by any Ans. 54 b. M d. If you could choose only one App personality test. 58 Kevin's scores on the L. Ma 42 . What information do these scales App provide? p. 54 a. b. 55 a. C of the persons who comprised the test's original clinical sample. B therapist considered in her profile analysis. D psychological functioning of a serial killer. 63If Adrian answers items on the MMPI-2 that are associated with flagrant Ans. b. 54 a. lacking clear guidelines for profile interpretation. evidence of a severe psychological disorder. 60You could fairly criticize the MMPI-2 for Ans. p. App b. lacking a guiding theory of psychopathology. observational assessments. what scale would be elevated? p. the MMPI-2. F. C disregard of social customs and difficulty in learning from punishment for his App actions.2. Pd scale 9. demonstrating poor reliability and standardization. demonstrating poor validity for the clinical scales. your concern for validity would lead you to choose the p. a structured clinical interview. Hs b. D a. a sign of carelessness in her responding. a sign of defensiveness. California Personality Inventory. & K scales of the MMPI-2 were the first items his Ans. an attempt to exaggerate her distress. None of the above is adequate. E d. scale 3. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. You could App interpret Reya's responses in several ways EXCEPT as p. 62 To conduct an adequate assessment of a client. 54 c. Con c. a clinician could choose Ans. Thematic Apperception Test. scale 1. 61You have been asked to provide expert testimony in court regarding the Ans. A a. Rorschach inkblot test. Hy scale 4. 54 a. inter-item reliability b. Tiffany. Ans. p. tends to jump from one topic to another in her Ans. participant naturalistic contextual 68Which client below is most likely to be assessed through naturalistic Ans. B a depressed client most likely pertains to the client's App a. 55 a. and is easily emotionally excited. controlled E b. c. C approach? App a. hypomania conversion hysteria social extroversion 66As a behavioral psychologist. a marriage and family therapist. Seshachari. 57 b. Akt would tend to prefer what assessment Ans. Dr. What type of observation is App this? p. a 19-year-old phobic male observed in a college class c. tension. objective personality tests E c. psychasthenia M b. conducted a family assessment Ans. She would probably exhibit App elevated scores on the MMPI-2 scale. d. 55 what two scales will he frequently see elevated? M a. 55 b. a 10-year-old hyperactive female observed at school p. written notation of the frequency and duration of her/his activities with p. PET scan or MRI 67Ms. p. 56 a. Glenda. success in resisting compulsive coping behaviors such as smoking. B conversations. and depression. observational assessments d. a 50-year-old depressed female observed at work d. Art. B while having dinner with the family in their home. 1 (Hs) and 8 (Sc) b. careful daily tracking of medication compliance and side effects. D One of his tasks is to administer and score the MMPI-2. Marcello. attempts to cognitively monitor and replace negative self-statements with positive ones. 4 (Pd) and 7 (Pt) 3 (Hy) and 9 (Ma) 2(D)and 7 (Pt) 65 Marta is often overactive. Given that most of the App clients are experiencing moderate levels of anxiety. 43 . a 60year-old alcoholic male observed at home 69"How did your self-monitoring go this week?" This question from a clinician to Ans.264 A graduate student has just begun his first psychological training practicum. unstructured interviews p. A observation? App a. C b. 57 friends. available for use at home. and skin conductance Ans. B from the office in which she works. EEG * d. neuropsychological assessment. biological markers. Which neurodiagnostic Ans. PET M c. E c. the use of computerized tomography. MRI 44 . objective personality tests focusing on aggression and impulsivity b. B adolescents in public settings. D complicated by these persons' tendency to deny and distort their behaviors. 57 a. neuroimaging. structured clinical interview focusing on sexual beliefs and practices c.70A social psychologist is conducting a study of interpersonal aggression between Ans. collection of a sample of behaviors that is not reactive to the process of being observed. following the theft of money Ans. 57-8 a. schizophrenic E c. 58 a. C procedure. careful training of observers. 72Clinicians are aware that accurate assessment of sexually deviant individuals is Ans. In order to achieve meaningful observations. was involved in this assessment? App a. 58 b. CT scans p. the App psychologist should address each of the following components EXCEPT p. a method for summarizing ratings that reliably represents the observed behaviors. electromyogram M b. muscle tension. C measuring changes in the immune system's response to stressors are examples of Fac a. anxiety p. 57 b. dissociative depressive 74Shelly has been asked to take a lie detector test. A would be central to the assessment of disorders. What new neurodiagnostic procedure might App become a better candidate than the current polygraph? p. 58 b. evoked potential computer-synthesized EEG SPECTscan 75Renaldo has been diagnosed with the a sleep disorder. neuropsychological tests for brain dysfunction and disinhibition of impulses measurement of physiological arousal during exposure to selected stimuli 73Physiological measures of blood pressure. a procedure for conducting controlled observations. Fac a. p. b. App What "marker" approach might be useful? p. 71Monitoring endocrinological changes in schizophrenia and depression as well as Ans. MRI * c. PET scan E b. 59 a. the 19th century d. b. App What imaging technique provided this information? p. Subbiah received her patient's Halstead-Reitan results that indicated Ans. This means that App participants will be studied via p. 59 a. Pictures of the Ans. PET scan M b. SPECT PET MRS 79 A neuroscientist is using MRI technology to evaluate the role of abnormal Ans. 59 a. D brain mass) and symptoms of schizophrenia in adults. MRI E b. CT scan MRI EEG 78A radioactive chemical was injected into Cara's blood stream. C limbic system functioning in generalized anxiety disorder. B activity of her brain from several different angles were then obtained. For what reason should App they be cautious about concluding that atrophy represents a biological p. MRS scan CT scan 77Persons with schizophrenia show abnormal patterns of glucose activity in their Ans. ancient Greece p. C are making their contributions to psychopathology. computer-enhanced three-dimensional x-rays. 59 contributor to the disorder? a. the poor reliability of brain imaging techniques b. 80Investigators have found connections between cerebral atrophy (the shrinking of Ans. what era are you living in? Con a. possibly reflecting disruptions in higher order thought processes. what imaging technique App would she order? p. D significant brain dysfunction. computer-enhanced mapping of varying electrical activity patterns. If she suspected a tumor. the early 20th century 45 . What App technique is being used? p.76Dr. 59 a. the late European Renaissance c. the tracking of activity of atoms exposed to powerful magnets. the tracking of utilization of radioactive glucose. insufficient resolution of computer images at this level of measurement the probability that other psychosocial factors are more important in causing this disorder the possibility that longterm medication use may have altered brain structure and function 81If you are working as a physician during the time that Griesinger and Kraepelin Ans. A frontal lobes. 60 b. 88 It's 1980 and you just received your copy of the DSM-III. A a. Hippocrates E d. All of the above are correctly paired. military classifications for veterans' disorders p. you would place all disordered individuals into one of three categories. the American Psychiatric Association 2. ICD-10 and DSM-III-R C d. 87Which of the following problems was NOT associated with the first two Ans. B versions of the DSM? Con a. you notice Ans. 2. B DSM-IV. b. multiple personality disorder 2. the publication of reliable and valid structured interview schedules c. listings of causal factors only. does not belong? p. Warren is writing a history of the factors that influenced the modem Ans. manic-depressive psychosis. Which of the following. improvement in classification reliability across clinicians combinations of clearly specified symptoms required for diagnosis emphasis on differences in disorders according to age. without description of symptoms M c. and gender 46 . ethnicity. C a. 60-1 b. D several improvements over the previous editions. ICD-6 and DSM-I Con b. In it. low reliability and a virtual lack of validity for several categories 2. a multiaxial diagnostic system b. 60 M century. manic-depressive psychosis p. 60 b. 61 a. Ans.82Who proposed the first scientific classification system for mental disorders? Ans. failure to predict the treatment and course of disorders p. dementia praecox. Kraepelin Fac b. 86 Which of the following classification manuals are INCORRECTLY paired? Ans. d. These did NOT include a. B a. melancholia. * c. 84 What we now refer to as schizophrenia was termed by Kraepelin. the WHO's ICD-6 and subsequent revisions Griesinger and Kraepelin's work in the late 19th century 2. involutional organic dementia E d. Griesinger p. 83 If you agreed with the most influential classification system of the late 19th Ans. 85 Dr. 60 c. 60-1 c. organic brain disorders. dementia praecox Fac b. 60 c. an exclusive focus of attention to a single clinical label d. App however. Which aspect should he omit from that review? Con a. ICD-8 and DSM-II p. D App p. what would the DSM-IV planning group do? C a. leave the decision to a vote of experts who have conducted research in this area conduct a field trial and have the final decision reviewed by outside advisors include both diagnostic descriptions and permit clinicians to choose the one more relevant to their client population choose the label that is closest to the ICD-10 to adhere to treaty obligations 94You are serving on the panel to develop the DSM-IV. to the DSM-IV manual. to the Proceedings of the DSM-IV Work Groups 47 . description of signs and symptoms of disorders Fac b. Reliability improved regardless of model. If experts in this area believed that the App disorder should be called "attention deficit disorder. the lack of empirical validity support for some diagnostic categories M c. cognitive c. 61 where should she turn? M a. DSM-III d. with or without p. 61 hyperactivity". inadequate attention to age. 61 b. description of the causal factors related to clinical syndromes E d. internal p. " To which DSM does this apply? Ans. test-retest Con b. p. 2. A a. 61 b. C a. cultural. to articles in relevant scholarly journals in the late 1980s and early 1990s c. D a. interrater 90"It introduced multiaxial classification. All of the above are addressed. DSM-II p. Which of the following Ans. content E d. A is NOT among the justifications you cite for revising the DSM-III-R? App a. to the DSM-IV Sourcebook d. and gender issues * d. D interrater reliability when they utilized DSM-III diagnostic criteria? Con a. 93 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has gone through several name changes Ans.89What form of reliability is most important for DSM diagnoses? Ans. biological d. psychodynamic p. B across the various editions of the DSM. 92What is the primary focus of the DSM-III and DSM-IV? Ans. the pending publication of the ICD-10 95Martina is preparing a report on the history of the "posttraumatic stress disorder" Ans. psychological and biological treatment recommendations p. 61 c. 61 c. C first introduced in the DSM-III in 1980. If she wants to find information about App field trials and other activities related to this disorder's inclusion in the DSM-IV. 61 c. its lack of multiaxial classification p. DSM-I Fac b. DSM-III-R 91Clinicians following which model of psychopathology demonstrated greater Ans. Appendix A b. and III 98Which DSM axis is retained in the DSM-IV largely due to tradition and custom? Ans. a patient at a VA hospital. Axis II only E c. and schizotypal personality disorder coded on Axis App a. Axis II E c. 61-2 b. Axis III Axis IV 97 On which axis or axes of the DSM does a clinician list abnormal behaviors Ans. . I. 62 M * If Axis III were not included in the DSM. A diagnosis of "dissociative identity disorder" be noted? App a. homelessness d. 2. HI. Roediger's assessment report of her client. Ill E d. Mara. 100 Gail was divorced six months ago and is in a custody battle for her two Ans. where would Mara's Ans. 62 disorder. 61-2 b. I Fac b. How would this situation be reflected in her DSM diagnosis? App a. It would be listed on Axis IV.96In Dr. mental retardation b. II p. It would not necessarily be included but could be noted with an Axis I p. bipolar disorder 102On which axis might the following notation be found? — "GAF = 82" Ans. which of the following diagnoses could you NOT list? a. none of the above 48 . 101 Ans. I 2. has been diagnosed with major depression Ans. It would be listed on Axis II. 61 b. Axis I p. V 99Mr. C relevant to her client? App a. B a. HIV/AIDS c. IV p. Axis I only p. II. 63 c. II. Axes I and II * d. Axes I. b. 62 c. II d. V E d. It would be taken into account when the clinician determines her Axis V GAF. D children. Ill Fac b. I. II p. B Con p. C a. I c. Evans. A coded on Axis . D "mental disorder"? Fac a. 65 a. 64 a. D ones must be met for diagnosis.103A client's diagnosis on Axis I reflects her/his Ans. 104 According to the DSM-IV. It refers to disorders caused by psychological factors. " which model of Ans. It refers to disorders caused by physical factors. cognitive p. What is the name for the category in which this disorder is found? a. and he is unaware of this underlying connection. biological E c. major clinical syndrome(s) associated with clinically significant dysfunction. A in his thinking processes. long-standing. What classification App approach is being applied? p. p. but his Ans. polythetic homogeneous multiconditional 49 . 64 b. What approach to classification does this Con represent? p. multiaxial M b. Amnestic and Other Cognitive Disorders Dissociative Disorders Anxiety Disorders 2. C App p. classical b. relatively unchanging behavior style. behavioral sociocultural 106 Manny exhibits symptoms reflecting distorted perception and severe disturbances Ans. 2. It refers to disorders that result in harmful dysfunction in the individual. C a. how is the term "mental" defined in reference to Ans. classical heterogeneous polythetic 109Ron did not display all DSM-IV criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder. Dementia. 107 Ans. Schizophrenic and Other Psychotic Disorders b Delirium. 64 M Ira has a disorder in which physical symptoms are caused by psychological factors. Mood Disorders b. p. p. It refers to disorders caused by either psychological or physical factors. Factitious Disorders Somatoform Disorders Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders 108 The DSM-IV essentially provides a "menu" of symptoms from which certain Ans. 64 b. general medical condition(s) relevant to mental health treatment. App b. He most likely has a diagnosis that falls in the App __ category. 65 a. E d. 105Based on the DSM's definition of "mental disorder. D psychopathology is most clearly omitted? Con a. c. B symptoms did meet the minimum criteria for the disorder. 64 c. general level of psychosocial functioning at the time of diagnosis. invalid. 66 a. age. A a. the classical approach was applied to the diagnoses. overlapping criteria exist in the two sets of disorders. 114 As critics point out in regard to Rosenhan's labeling study. 2. the self-fulfilling prophecy. B exact same pattern of symptoms. p. 65 c. B a. a fatal medical diagnosis on Axis III. A counselor diagnosed him with separation anxiety disorder.110Trisha has a comorbid condition. treatment recommendations. 66 this diagnosis. overpathologizing. two or more DSM-IV clinical disorders. b. both disorders could have been caused by a common life experience. This comorbidity could have occurred in App any of the following ways EXCEPT p. App b. schizoaffective disorder 116Erik is experiencing minor behavioral disturbances following his family's move Ans. A recognized that the hospital staff was understandably motivated to avoid what Con sort of diagnostic error? p. and cultural features. this would be an example of a. false negative b. schizophrenia p. polythetic. p. operationally defined diagnostic criteria. schizoid personality disorder E d. an Axis I and an Axis III disorder co-occurring. the somatoform disorder could have led to the depression disorder. 66 b. p. it should be Ans. If Erik's disturbance worsens as a result of p. d. App which was a false positive diagnosis. heterogeneous. homogeneous. the same disorder as one of her close family members. a polythetic error. c. 112A counseling psychologist is working with a client who has both a somatoform Ans. C disorder and a depression disorder. bipolar disorder with psychotic features Fac b. 50 . D he would encounter each of the following sections EXCEPT App a. E c. D to a new state. This means that she has Ans. 111Not all participants in a study of dissociative identity disorder will exhibit the Ans. gender. 65 a. Ans. 66 c. 113 When a clinician reads through the description of each disorder in the DSM-IV. E d. general medical or physical exam findings that could be associated. This means that the research sample is Con a. 65 b. false positive lack of specificity lack of reliability 115Which of the following labels 'stuck' to Rosenhan and his seven accomplices? Ans. 2. a stereotype. show different patterns of diagnosis depending on the clinician's gender. diagnose HPD more frequently than they would if the client were described as a female. If the client is described as a male. 68 b. is much more frequently diagnosed in Ans. dimensional dimensional. D females than in males. continuous polythetic 122The categorical approach for the DSM has been preserved for several reasons. homogeneous. One Ans. the inherent conceptual weakness of the dimensional approach d.117Anorexia nervosa. homogeneous 2. Based on text information. diagnose HPD as frequently as they would if the client were described as M a female. categorical p. the other argues for the approach in which a client either p. gender-related bias in the symptoms comprising the anorexia nervosa M syndrome b. C group of clinicians. the clinicians using Fac DSM-IV criteria will probably p. categorical. Ans. This reflects classification. 68 does or does not meet criteria for an anxiety disorder. 67 a. M a. in which symptoms are evaluated on a App continuum. compatibility with the approach taken by the medical profession c. 68 b. ease of use by clinicians 51 . an eating disorder. 118 A description of a client with histrionic personality disorder is being read by a Ans. dimensional M c. B scores on all of the clinical scales. 68 b. 119Two clinicians are debating the most useful approach to defining anxiety. dualistic * b. 120 A critic of the approach to classification of disorders might argue that Ans. A there is no identifiable dividing line between "normal" and "abnormal. 67 a. an actual gender-related psychosocial or biological difference gender-related diagnostic bias on the part of clinicians b and c 2. which explanation below App might best account for this difference? p. App a. C Which of the following is NOT one of these? Fac a. diagnose HPD less frequently than they would if the client were described as a female. " Con a. dimensional multiaxial 121The MMPI-2 produces a profile whose interpretation depends on the pattern of Ans. categorical heterogeneous. C favors the approach. theoretical disagreement about the most relevant diagnostic dimensions p. homogeneous E c. categorical p. The physician will probably refer him for psychiatric treatment with an antianxiety drug. 69 psychopathology? M b. a Hispanic male App b. 2. 2. 70 c. A a. Earl. A each of the following benefits EXCEPT Con a. 2. c. p. you could cite Ans. The physician will probably refer him for psychological assessment. you could only use one of the following diagnoses. p. A company. 66-8 b. Ernie. an Asian female p. 69 b. arbitrary DSM diagnostic decision rules whether treatment for Rheanna's disorder is covered by health insurance. C App p. important information on which to base treatment decisions for disordered individuals. d. major depression. D reflects a concern that the test might be biased? App a. Which issue below Ans. Should the test focus more on external. an efficient and reliable method for shorthand communication between clinicians. namely App a. Will scores on the test be consistent for clients who take the test at two different points in time? c. the flexibility of the dimensional approach underlying diagnostic syndromes. The physician will probably treat him for some form of physical illness. Does the test identify anorexia in blacks as well as it does in whites? 128Which person is least likely to use formal mental health services? Ans. bereavement subsequent to the loss of a spouse. 127Dr. p. Which of the following factors is LEAST likely to influence the clinician's diagnostic decision? a.123In your argument for the usefulness of diagnostic classification. Rheanna's ethnic group. c. a black male E d. 126 Ans. c. the type of treatment in which the clinician specializes b. adjustment disorder. 125 Donny was experiencing a panic attack but thought he was having a heart Ans. B attack. The physician will construe ambiguous diagnostic signs in a manner compatible with her own treatment specialty. Wardley is developing a new test for anorexia nervosa. Wendy. a white female 5 2 . social factors or factors related to individual pathology in determining the cause of the disorder? d. the ability to search for common causal factors among persons with similar M disorders. if different from that of the clinician c. d. 124 If you wanted to be paid for your therapy services by your client's insurance Ans. 69 M * Rheanna is undergoing a psychological assessment prior to starting therapy. Does the test measure anorexia or does it measure some other form of p. premarital counseling. What is the most likely outcome of his emergency room visit? App a. Tomiko. 68 b. 71 b. E c. and possible depression. the epidemiological studies reported in the text indicated that Fac prevalence rates for mood disorders and substance abuse for Black Americans p. B App p. the clinician should be careful that this is not the result of a. (1994) National Comorbidity Survey reported that 48% of Ans. 70 E Dr. prevalence morbidity. 130 A clinician. alcohol dependency disorder. what kind of diagnostic decision App has she made? p. C undeipathologizes her client. what is the lifetime Ans. 70 a. trying to prove her cultural sensitivity. schizoaffective disorder. and 29% had experienced Con a disorder in the prior year. low self-esteem. In other words. annual epidemiology lifetime prevalence. diagnostic prejudice.2. epidemiology. D social class. 25 percent c. 32 percent 48 percent 134 A new client at the Lakeshore Mental Health Clinic has a disorder that appears Ans. 1991). D their sample had at least one disorder during their life. * d. 129 Ans. 71 b. It is a App a. a. and p. overgeneralizing. However. 71 were those for European Americans. p. phobia. false positive C b. The first result is an estimate of . quasi-positive false negative quasi-negative 131The Kessler et al. incidence incidence. overpathologizing. an estimate of . reaches a diagnosis that Ans. a. major depressive episode. 19 percent p. b. B with greatest frequency in epidemiological studies. 53 . Froid interpreted Sung Li's avoidance of eye contact as a sign of shyness. observational unreliability. 71 the second. much higher than somewhat higher equal to lower than 133 According to the ECA Project (Robins & Regier. C prevalence of the 30 major disorders assessed in that study? Fac a. incidence 132 Adjusting for differences in cognitive symptoms that are strongly related to Ans. which of the Ans. p. According to Thomas Ans. 73 b. p. general family physician. B EC A findings. obsessive-compulsive disorder 137Which of the following occurs with LOWEST frequency? Ans. Based on the Ans. you should receive more training in man has typically App been offered in the past. 16 E c. personality testing b. C following trends might one expect in the future? Fac a. C they experience a mental disorder. what age would you predict Deidre to be? App a. psychiatrist. which of the Ans. panic disorder Con b. a 70-year-old white female with a 10th grade education 136In terms of lifetime prevalence. D Widiger. A following persons is most likely to be diagnosed with a mental disorder? App a. comorbidity of lifetime diagnoses d. a 48-year-old Hispanic male with a high school education c. 72 b. schizophrenia M d. 19 22 140You are entering a clinical psychology program this fell. epidemiology intelligence testing structured interviewing 141According to Widiger. 72 c. lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders 138If your goal were to be the kind of practitioner that most people turn to when Ans. a 67-year-old black female with one year of college d. A a. 139Deidre is exhibiting the first symptoms of an anxiety disorder. 72 b. S. increasing utilization of projective techniques for psychological assessment p. the Research Coordinator for the DSM-IV. 72 a.135Considering the demographic differences in epidemiological rates. a 32-year-old white male with a 10th grade education p. incidence of disorders in any given 12-month period in the U. increasing acceptance of dimensional diagnostic approaches for Axis I d. epidemiological findings suggest you should App study to become a p. clinical social worker. counseling psychologist. an increasing reliance on sociocultural models of mental disorders 54 . a sixth DSM axis for assessment of family/genetic background factors E c. B a. 12 p. 73 a. treatment by a mental health practitioner Con b. generalized anxiety disorder p. 72 c. which of the following disorders is out of place? Ans. M b. his distressing symptoms are unlikely to go away without treatment. False negative: Lyndall is not diagnosed with OCD when. others would find his behavior disturbing. He is quite fearful and upset but refuses to go with his sister to see a doctor. Describe the 4 possible diagnostic decisions the psychologist could make and what they would mean. the reliability of a procedure sets the upper limit for validity. Both are assessed with correlation coefficients. Validity is the extent to which an assessment procedure measures what it is intended to measure. thus demonstrating little or no validity. she does have the disorder.SHORT ANSWER I ESSAY 2. " Deviation from social expectation: Yes. Using each of the definitions from the text. determine whether this is a description of a "mental disorder. across time. True negative: Lyndall is not diagnosed with OCD and actually does not have the disorder. Reliability is the extent to which an assessment procedure provides consistent outcomes across items. in fact. What clinicians treat: No. she does not have the disorder. Label: Probably not. Dysfunction that causes harm: Yes. 143Describe the relationship between reliability and validity in assessment. etc. a test or other assessment device can be very consistent over time (or raters. thus demonstrating high reliability. even if no one has given a label to Doug's experiences. However. to others. or the meaningfulness of the outcomes. because Doug refuses to seek help from any sort of health practitioner. or across raters. True positive: Lyndall is diagnosed with OCD and actually has the disorder. but may be essentially meaningless. Doug's hallucinations are causing him a great deal of distress. compounded by his unwillingness to see someone who might be able to help him with his disorder. this definition could not apply. clearly Doug is incapable of adaptive perception and thinking on a day-to-day basis and cannot plan effectively for the future. However. 142 Doug has been hearing voices telling him to jump through his living room window and at other times has experienced hallucinations of stepping on broken glass with bare feet. potentially. Moreover. False positive: Lyndall is diagnosed with OCD when. resulting in potentially worsened symptoms. he may engage in behaviors that cause harm to himself and. " mis could lead to rejection and discrimination by others who interact with Doug. in fact. if diagnosed "schizophrenic. ). Subjective distress: Yes. Because of his fears. 144 Lyndall has been assessed by a clinical psychologist who is attempting to decide whether Lyndall has an obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). 55 . 2. This also reflects a mental disorder because it is rare that people have perceptual experiences like the ones Doug has had. given that his behavior is unpredictable and unsettling to observers. including the syndromes of dementia praecox. standardized scoring & computer-based normative interpretation. 147 Who proposed the first systematic classification system in the late 19th century. 146 You have an appointment with a new adult client. an important characteristic in light of the U. it explicitly acknowledges how the factors of age. and general level of psychosocial functioning. the DSM-IV employs a multiaxial approach to diagnosis. Like the DSM-III and III-R. psychosocial stressors. 56 . incorporating clinical syndromes. treaty obligation to maintain a system consistent with WHO classification. However. and what was his nosology? Wilhelm Griesinger proposed the first classification system. 2. 2. increased flexibility. it is more congruent with the ICD-10. 148 Compare and contrast the current classification system represented in the DSM-IV to the DSM-III and III-R. The various diagnoses in each of the versions are determined by following operationally defined lists of signs and symptoms collected through careful assessment. Finally. gender. If you could only employ two specific assessment techniques to diagnose this person. The DSM-IV. 145 Why do some clinicians prefer unstructured interviews to structured interviews? What do they sacrifice by this choice? Unstructured interviews are preferred due to ease of administration. clearly documented reliability and good validity. manic-depressive psychosis. including self-monitoring but not naturalistic observation) 2. medical conditions. and economy of time. and culture are associated with various syndromes. does not appear to be ethnically biased (Could make an argument for an observational method. Emil Kraepelin developed the most influential nosology. and organic brain disorders. which two would you choose and why? Structured Clinical Interview for DSM: most reliable interview method. Current evidence also suggests that structured interviews may be the most valid assessment tool available to clinicians. covers comprehensive information. and what was his model of mental disorders? Who developed the most influential system of that era.2. based on the medical model cf disorders. is based on substantially more empirical field work in addition to expert advisory input. in contrast to the earlier manuals. probably most valid single assessment method Objective personality test . these interviews are typically much less reliable and less comprehensive in coverage than the published structured interviews. Moreover.MMPI-2: superior to projective tests. S. These manuals are essentially descriptive of disorders and thus are not reflective of any one model of psychopathology. For someone to be described with a certain label. she has lost her full-time job and is experiencing increasing marital discord. leading to under. ones that your high school neighbor would understand. self-fulfilling prophecy Potential gender-related bias in clinicians' application of diagnostic criteria Overlooking the dimensional quality of disorders by creating artificial categories Lack of attention to sociocultural factors as a cause of disorders Insurance reimbursement pressure toward false positive diagnoses Failure to consider cultural differences. 149 Huerta has been diagnosed with major depression and a comorbid dependent personality disorder. will not all have the exact same symptoms and behaviors. a group of people who have the same general diagnosis. 2. but they do not have to have all of them. Axis I: Major depression Axis II: Dependent personality disorder Axis III: Hypertension Axis IV: Loss of job. thoughts) and some are descriptions of their behaviors or actions. In the past year. marital difficulties Axis V: GAF = 59 150 In simpler terms. Provide the multiaxial DSM diagnosis for Huerta.and overpathologizing as well as varying definitions of "abnormality" 57 . 2. Some are symptoms that the person tells you about (their feelings. they have to show a certain number of those characteristics. or diagnosis. there are several characteristics listed. 151 What are the dangers or difficulties that can be associated with diagnostic labeling as practiced in the DSM? Overemphasis on reliability without sufficient evidence of validity Arbitrary and inconsistent distinctions between mental and physical disorders Labeling: stereotyping leading to rejection and discrimination. like depression.2. She reports that it is increasingly difficult for her to manage her hypertension with medication alone and is worried that she will end up in the hospital if she doesn't find better ways to cope with stress. As a result. Her counselor estimated Huerta's overall level of functioning as a 59. the manual that mental health workers use to determine the best description for their clients' problems. what does the following statement mean? "The DSM employs a polythetic classification approach that results in heterogeneous categories of individuals. " For each of the categories included in the DSM. childhood pathology. 78 a. 3 If you served on a panel responsible for developing childhood disorder Ans.Chapter 3 DISORDERS OF INFANCY. a. C adopts the perspective outlined by Sroufe and Rutter. 78 a. 25 70 90 58 . D Fac p. App Oldman's work? p. If she Ans. Youngman is studying the development of self-reliance in a group of 30 Ans. CHILDHOOD. c. retrospective cross-sectional developmental 2 Dr. Oldman was conducting research on children's psychopathology in the late Ans. Oldman probably used a diagnostic system based on a categorical approach. B 1960s. Dr. A children who were first observed at age 3 and have been followed twice yearly App for the past three years. abnormal psychology. 5 Ans. Oldman probably had not yet heard of the discipline of developmental psychopathology. developmental psychology. Which of the following descriptions is LEAST applicable to Dr. Kistner is studying mental disorders in children and adolescents. she will be working App within the discipline called p. b. 3. A categories for the DSM-II (1968). developmental psychopathology. which of the following would be your Con primary conceptual guide? p. research in developmental psychopathology deviations or delays in developmental tasks attachment theory 4Dr. * b. What sort of design does this represent? p. 78 b. one might expect nearly % of a sample of disordered adults will have disorders that began in childhood or adolescence. Dr. and ADOLESCENCE 3. 78 a. adult disorders M b. Dr. Oldman probably viewed children as having disorders that were less M intense versions of adult disorders. (1996). Oldman probably relied on prospective research designs. 1 Dr. Dr. prospective b. 78 a. 55 According to Newman et al. 79 b. Tommy's age earlier developmental tasks none of the above 10 Developmental tasks are linked to psychopathology in that Ans. how old would you App expect her to be? p. Bonnie will need additional support from her environment in order to achieve emancipation on par with her peers. A with parents is an important of the first year of life. attachment > academic competence > self-reliance p. B effective peer contacts. D control of impulses. cultural practices M b. 11 Bonnie is 14 years old and has had a great deal of difficulty achieving a sense Ans. empathy > emancipation > self-reliance M c. psychosocial requirement psychomaturational task 7Emma is a child facing the tasks of self-reliance. Bonnie will fail to achieve emancipation and will develop some form of * pathology as an adult. attachment > self-reliance > academic competence academic competence > emancipation > autonomy 9 Tommy is learning how to develop autonomy while also responding to parental Ans. she will achieve emancipation without difficulty. 79 a. and establishment of Ans. Fac a. Fac b. Provided that Bonnie's earlier crucial tasks of attachment and autonomy were achieved. empathy. 79 b. 3. C ordered? Con a. 59 . a child's failure to successfully handle an early developmental task can p. what prediction is MOST p. Which of the App following is NOT related to the timing and nature of these achievements? p. d. 2 years old E b. and he is beginning to use language. Bonnie will be delayed in achieving emancipation but will successfully do so by her mid 20's without special assistance. There is no evidence linking developmental tasks in childhood with psychopathology. E c. 79 a. If Emma is average for these tasks. developmental task p. B a. psychological milestone M c. the genetic factors affecting the nature and timing of developmental tasks are also influential in childhood disorders. developmental tasks cause psychopathology.6John Bowlby has theorized that forming an effective attachment relationship Ans. As she approaches the task of App emancipation from her family in the future. 79 defensible? M a. 79 adversely affect later coping capacities. C of competence and industry in school. 4 years old 7 years old 10 years old 8Which of the following sequences of developmental tasks is CORRECTLY Ans. adult monkeys Con b. D attachment. a Caucasian American infant 15 If a pediatrician sees a group of mother-infant patients that is representative of Ans. insecure. Attachment Assessment. Sara has a(n) attachment. which attachment pattern will he see most frequently? App a. 81 be held by her when she returns. secure insecure. parents bring their infants into a room with a stranger. 13 Two infants are being observed in Ainsworth's laboratory. 80 The method Jane is using to assess attachment is the a. a Japanese infant M c. 81 b. secure resistant. Leon. C the larger population. a Black American infant p. D App p. nondistressed 3. Ali would thus be expected to a. function about the same in adult life as will infants who show an insecure attachment pattern. a Mexican infant Leah. Tani. excessive 14Which of the following infants is MOST likely to have a resistant/insecure Ans. 81 M Ainsworth's assessment. have a reduced risk of developing childhood behavior problems compared to infants with other patterns. leaving the infant with the stranger. 81 c. Strange Situation. A upset when her mother leaves the room and is disinterested in her mother when App she returns. A a. M a(n) attachment. Situational Attachment Protocol. Separation Distress Appraisal. c. function better in adult life than will children who show an insecure attachment pattern. b. insecure secure. and Mark. separation distress 60 . 16 Ali is an infant who showed a secure attachment pattern according to Ans. Susana. p. Sara is not visibly Ans. In her study. insecure/avoidant p. both a and c 17 Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three? Ans. 81 b. insecure/distressed E c. B attachment? App a. App After a few moments the parents depart.312 Jane is a developmental psychologist conducting research on parent-infant Ans. secure d. elevated stress-related chemicals M d. Suomi p. Mark is moderately distressed when his mother leaves and wants to p. due in part to her depressed mood. categorical diagnostic dimensional classical 20 Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three? Ans. " What approach does this speaker p. Tim would have somatic problems such as nausea and headaches. C behavior. A clients. 81 a. C also complains about several somatic symptoms. repeated separation from his mother mild mental retardation 19"All children at one time or another display some symptoms of abnormal Ans. use of structured interviews p. statistical M b. B is hyperactive. a stress-related chemical a history of early. a seven-year-old male. 82 a. introverted internalizing undercontrolled 6 1 . Dr. statistical criteria 21Dr.18If Suomi's research were found to be replicable with humans. inattentive. Trish Ans. these symptoms are more severe and App chronic and thus warrant intervention. 81 appear to take to classifying childhood disorders? a. Tim Ans. B following characteristics would most closely apply to Ricky who has an insecure App attachment to his mother? p. experiential * c. 81 c. Tim would have high scores on the internalizing dimension of the CBCL. passive/overcontrolled b. elevated levels of epinephrine. a negative temperament b. categorical approach Con b. Tim would have high scores on the oppositional/defiant dimension of the CBCL. 82 a. Tim would have high scores on the externalizing dimension of the CBCL. 82 a. Strangeglove is using the CBCL to asses Tim. theoretical DSM-IV symptom clusters 22Dr. however. As a result. and often aggressive. Her symptoms are App characteristic of which dimension of the CBCL? p. on what sort of criteria will she probably rely in order to App group together her clients' various symptoms? p. 23Trish is failing to interact with peers. b. which of the Ans. For some children. D a. administration of formal psychological tests M d. Strangeglove would App probably conclude that p. Lawr employs a dimensional approach in the assessment of her child Ans. 82 a. p. Bobby is 5 to 6 times more likely than Sally to develop these disorders. C a. externalizing C b. 24 Ans. In regard Ans. impulsivity b. Sally is 5 to 6 times more likely than Bobby to develop these disorders. ADHD p. B approximately 5 percent of the general U. ADHD M c. none of the above 62 . d. His scale scores are 64 and 60. A counselor is most concerned with the student's overcontrolled behaviors. disruptive behaviors and attention deficits. anxious/depressed E b. depression and anxiety. is reviewing a student's CBCL. D App p. ODD E c. delinquency and learning disorders. A to the disorders most commonly seen in clinics. 84 b. nuisance behaviors somatic complaints 25 Mr. D and aggressive behavior scales. p. a school counselor. D she is MORE likely to exhibit which of the following disorders? App a. one could conclude that App a. on App which of the following scales would he concentrate? p. Marty's two highest scores are found on the delinquent Ans. What disorder is this? App a. S. childhood anxiety learning disability 29 Bobby is an eight-year-old male and Sally is a seven-year-old female. aggressiveness delinquent. App What description would you give Marty? p. 84 b. 28 Chad has been referred to a child guidance clinic for a disorder that occurs in Ans. Which of the following would NOT be included in this description? a. internalizing conduct disordered normal 27The two most common reasons children are referred to mental health clinics are Ans. respectively. Compared to the males in her school classes. 30 Dalila is a fourth-grade student. population. c. Evanoff. If the Ans. neglect and abuse by parents. CD * d. 82 M Doris is described by her counselor as exhibiting several "externalizing" problem behaviors. social problems externalizing behaviors thought problems 26On the CBCL profile. Sally and Bobby have about the same chance of developing these disorders. Bobby is 2 to 3 times more likely than Sally to develop these disorders. Ans. d. 83 c. Fac b. 83 a. 84 b.3. ODD p. and in public. inattentive defiant disorder. What disorder is most likely for Eddie? M a. The child is hyperactive. Jones is a child psychologist attempting to make a DSM-IV diagnosis of a Ans. The child acts inappropriately at school. His disorder is also most likely to occur without App comorbidity. The child exhibits behaviors that are harmful to others or to property. C about one of her students. 85 a. Problems with ODD are seen in school and at home. Licht is conducting a treatment program for children with ODD. Which of the following would MOST App likely lead Dr. 85 b. If he were Ans. conduct disorder. one third one quarter one eighth 35 As a clinician. 36 Dr. an anxiety disorder M b. at home. Aaron engages in covert behaviors such as lying and stealing. D 9-year-old male's disruptive behavior. do his homework. Aaron. E b. 85 a. Dr. inattentive. the lack of clear DSM-IV criteria for ODD diagnosis p. p. B mental health clinics. C their first clinic session. and Mr. B ODD. Moderate levels of stress are present in Aaron's family.31Keith has a DSM-IV disorder that is among those most commonly seen in Ans. they describe how difficult it is to get Eddie to come to App dinner. Jones to make a diagnosis of conduct disorder? p. 6 3 . Baez are at their wits' end with their 7-year-old son. Yahoo is concerned that psychologists in his area may be over diagnosing Ans. oppositional defiant disorder a pervasive developmental disorder 32Mrs. preadolescent hyperactivity disorder. What disorder is this? p. Eddie. oppositional defiant disorder. B to follow his preschool children through third grade (about age 9). or do the simplest tasks around the house without a p. Aaron shows some aggression and hyperactivity. one half M b. 33 Dr. * c. you are speaking with a third-grade teacher who is concerned Ans. 85 continuing problems for Aaron? a. 84 full-blown temper tantrum. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder * c. the fact that ODD symptoms occur at a very high base rate in the general M population the failure of clinicians to verify that behaviors are actually potentially harmful an excessive reliance on the CBCL that has been shown to "overpatiiologize" children's behaviors 34Dr. Yahoo's concern is probably based on which of the following? App a. In Ans. The child is verbally abusive to parents and teachers. one could App predict that will still have significant disruptions in adaptive functioning. Which App of the following observations by the teacher is LEAST likely to predict p. d. and impulsive. 84 a. who has been diagnosed with ODD. Mike. a 15-year-old male diagnosed with CD b. how many are App likely to exhibit antisocial personality disorder as adults? p. 86 a. C disorder by the end of his teenage years? App a. 37 Ans. and deceitful symptoms for at least a. If CD is likely. Gary. b. C family cat. antisocial personality disorder. destructive. CD adolescent-onset disruptive disorder 40Which of the following CD children is MOST likely to "grow out" of his Ans. 25 b. with a childhood onset at age 8 p. 3 months if ADHD has previously been diagnosed. A being assessed by a school counselor. B App p. What DSM-IV p. 86 M If Masako has been diagnosed with CD. which of the following App DSM-IV symptom categories is NOT relevant? p. undercontrolled behavior is Ans. c. whom of the following would Ans. 38Jacques is a 10-year-old male whose disruptive. Alvin. 40 55 66 6 4 . 86 E experience the greatest academic difficulty and be most likely to develop adult antisocial problems? a. If all of them had met DSM criteria by age 13. an 18-year-old college student prone to burning text books after each term Marsha. 2 years. Mark. none of the above. Ogata has seen 100 clients in his specialized practice for the treatment of Ans. juvenile onset b. manipulation of others b. ODD c. this disorder virtually always leads to adult disorders 3. His parents also insist that someone always be at home with Max.3. App fearing that he may start a fire if left to his own devices. 86 disorder is MOST likely? E a. 6 months. 86-7 a. a 7-year-old female who is prone to physically aggressive behavior Brandt. 12 months. with a childhood onset at age 10 M c. 41 According to several longitudinal studies on CD. A conduct disorder. Reggie. destruction of property aggression serious violation of rules 39 Max's parents have refused to get a new pet after 11-year-old Max drowned the Ans. you would know that he has been exhibiting his aggressive. D App p. an 8-year-old male diagnosed with CD 42Dr. with an adolescent onset at age 12 d. 86 b. who has a high resting heart rate and quick startle response p. The direction of the causal relationship has not been determined through prospective research. you might conduct prospective research involving Con any of the following EXCEPT p. Both animal and human studies have produced very inconsistent results. D later adult criminal behavior. Jim. B Fac p. the age of the diagnosed individual c. C disruptive externalizing disorder? App a. norepinephrine b. Terrance. Ramon. 48 Which of the following children has the greatest chance of being diagnosed Ans. the severity of aggressive and destructive behaviors b. b. comorbid depressive and anxious symptoms. dopamine testosterone serotonin 46 Which of the following adolescents is MOST likely to display symptoms of a Ans. 87 b. skin conductance levels and heart rate. p. 43 Ans. 87-8 a. who has a low level of GABA in his brain 47If you wished to predict which adolescents might be at greatest risk of CD and Ans. Janet. Antisocial behaviors occur with almost equal frequency in females. the neurotransmitter dopamine. Amee. B with conduct disorder? App a. What neurotransmitter is App associated with these behaviors? p. 45Daniel is a 14-year-old male with a disruptive behavior disorder that includes Ans. Akoni. a nine-year-old male with below average grades and few friends d. D aggressiveness and acts of property destruction. 87 E What is the central difference between a diagnosis of CD versus antisocial personality disorder? a. The comorbidity of substance abuse in disordered adolescents makes C accurate hormonal measurement difficult. the severity of parental criminal behavior the presence of substance abuse 44For what reason has it been difficult to establish a causal relationship between Ans. who has a very low skin conductance rate * d. 87 a. Jackson. a sevenyear-old female whose parents have recently divorced and who is prone to frequent temper tantrums 6 5 . who has a high level of serotonin in his brain M c. a family adversity index.3. Joshua. 87 b. C elevated testosterone levels and long-term antisocial behavior in males? Con a. a ten-year-old male with deficits in executive functioning c. 88 b. a three-year-old female in foster care with a lower SES family p. 6 6 . be as "bossy" toward Derrick as she is with Roy. readily establish a coercive cycle with Derrick as she has with Roy. issuance of commands to Cecil to stop talking back to her. Brian immediately stops his aversive behavior. frequent criticism of Cecil's actions. 52 E b. p. and insecure Ans. A dismptive behavior disorder. p. who is NOT disordered. 51Cecil and his mother are engaged in a dispute. 66 80 94 54 What do coercive cycles. c. stop yelling. dyadic-aversive behavior patterns. c. you might expect to see each of the following App behaviors from his mother EXCEPT p. 88 M 3. executive functioning d. They each describe the primary causal factor in dismptive disorders. They describe the home environment of children with ADHD. Bond is working with preschoolers who have been referred to her clinic Ans. circular causality. b. 88 b. M b. C for ODD. 88 M buy it for him. D attachment have in common? Con a. c. Each is a contributing factor to CD. A App p. adolescent-onset CD b. 50 Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three? a. When his mother refuses to Ans. Roy. If Cecil is diagnosed with a Ans.3. Brian and his mother's behaviors are an example of coercive cycles. Derrick. 53Dr. deficits in neuropsychological abilities c. Each is a contributing factor to many internalizing disorders. When Deedee interacts Ans. he complains loudly and becomes verbally abusive. a high family adversity index. A Con p. eventual reinforcement of his aversive behaviors in a coercive cycle. 52 Deedee is the mother of a teenager. with CD. B App p. d. 49 Ans. language processing Brian wants the new Han Solo action figure set. 3. the parent/child exchange theory. 88 M * with her best friend's teenage son. be as reactive to Derrick's negative behaviors as she is toward Roy's. etc. Deedee will a. 88 a. close physical proximity. be less critical of Derrick than she is of Roy. 88 a. d. His mother eventually gives in and buys him the action figure set. She would expect that approximately % of them demonstrate App insecure attachments. D disorders. you are using App a. Kurt has adolescent-onset CD. A App p. Which therapy approach is the graduate student employing? App a. 90 b. In other words. C behaviors? App a. 89 M When she was accidentally pushed by another student. Each of the children is at equal and high risk. 90 b. cognitive-behavioral individual therapy for Payat. c. M c. Kito. Behavioral Management Skill Training c. Why might the long-term benefits of this therapy be App limited. b. a male with low neuropsychological test scores. 59 A graduate student is working with Dr. 89 b. 3. as an attempt to get his attention but not necessarily a sign of aggression as a possible act of aggression that should be ignored as an accident 56Zuri is a female with CD. social skills training for Payat in a group therapy format. the FAST Track System p. low levels of estrogen. Any of the above is possible. inadequate executive functioning. M c. Mali. C treatment intervention for Payat's CD. a male with high family adversity scores. how will he interpret Melanie's action? a. Her tendency toward aggressive behaviors may be Ans. Melanie fell against Todd's desk and caused him to ruin a picture he was painting. Eyberg. treating disruptive behavior Ans. deficits in attributional processing during conflicts. Insufficient attention was given to Kurt's participation in the coercive cycles. low levels of serotonin. p. you are employing the most effective and best studied Ans. 55 Ans. 58As Payat's clinician. Kurt's family had too low a family adversity score at the beginning of treatment. as a deliberate act of aggression b. according to available research? p. If Todd has CD. 89 b. B due to each of the following factors EXCEPT App a. 90 a. p. 6 7 . 57Which of the following children is at GREATEST risk for severe aggressive Ans. The original training generalizes poorly to new settings. Eyberg's parent training Ans. Charlie. A program for Kurt's CD. Self-Instructional Therapy Parent-Child Interaction Therapy 60 Kurt and his family have successfully completed Dr.3. p. a male with low neuropsychological test scores and high family adversity scores. training in specific parenting skills for Payat's parents. D a. They are school-based programs used to treat the academic and social E deficiencies of children with ADHD. 91 c. 92 along well with most of his peers. 67 Which of the following children is MOST likely to be diagnosed with ADHD? Ans. Brian. demonstrates more Ans. They are school-based programs aimed at preventing CD in highrisk elementary school children. an 11-year-old from a lower-class family M d. excessive inattention or excessive hyperactivity/impulsivity oppositional behavior toward adults both a and b 66Eric is extremely active when compared to his classmates. Emma. D order to make a DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD the clinician must find which of App the following? p. C a. a 10-year-old from a middle-class family 6 8 . In Ans. They are types of parent-training programs for children with externalizing Fac disorders. They are multifaceted. medication c. 92 c. M d. clinically significant impairment in two or more settings b. an 8-year-old from a lower-class family App b. a 9-year-old from an upper-middle-class family p. nothing. documented improvements in social and academic functioning at age 14 Con b. 6-year nationwide prevention program p. 61 Which of the following treatments is NOT commonly used to treat disruptive Ans. 91 c. his behavior does not merit a diagnosis of ADHD. Nonetheless. he usually completes his assignments on time and gets p. she is believed to be Ans. at risk for developing later conduct disorder. longterm intervention programs for children diagnosed with disruptive behavior disorders. * c. home-based parenting training and stress management training 64If Collette is in the FAST Track program. 92 a. 3. Eric would be diagnosed with a. D inattention and impulsiveness. 63 Which of the following descriptions does not belong with the other three? Ans. p. in need of early intervention for symptoms of an eating disorder. App b. 91 b. cognitive restmcturing for children d.3. skills training for parents p. ADHD/hyperactive subtype. in need of intensive treatment for ADHD and comorbid ODD. 65A clinician is interviewing a child whom he suspects may have ADHD. combined type. and his teacher has trouble keeping him under App control. at risk for developing later internalizing disorders. A a. problem-solving training and anger management for children 62What do PMHP and FAST Track have in common? Ans. school-based social skills and reading skills training d. Chuck. 90 b. B a. ADHD. ADHD/inattentive subtype. p. B behavior disorders? Con a. Tammy. combined 71John has ADHD. B families. parental criminal behavior. Based on national prevalence data. you could expect _____ percent of your students to meet DSM-IV criteria. A a. higher rates of pregnancy complications. 75. 70Which of the following is NOT one of the ADHD subtypes? Ans. 92 a. inadequate health care. c.3. B App p. A which of the following. B new students. 50 6 9 . low popularity among peers p. comorbid sensory-motor problems and learning disorders M c. b. and about _ _ percent of those will also exhibit CD. Among them will be classroom discipline which will be made more difficult by the presence of children with ADHD. Of the students who were diagnosed with ADHD as children. 92 b. 30 50. 92 c. a. 10 to 12 As a new public school teacher. 50 66. 68 Ans. 3 to 9 2 to 5 1 to 3 69Monica and Rick are children with ADHD who come from lower SES Ans. Each of the following are cited by the text as possible explanations App for such children's slightly higher ADHD prevalence EXCEPT p. academic underachievement * d. compared to ADHD children without hyperactivity? App a. hyperactive subtype. 92 mid-adolescence. App she can expect that roughly percent will still meet diagnostic criteria in p. general family instability. He is MORE likely to demonstrate Ans. 92 a. inattentive E d. anxiety 72The local high school guidance counselor is reviewing the files of this year's Ans. hyperactive p. oppositional Fac b. 33 70. you have many challenges ahead of you. C with ADHD/inattentive type. 93 a. 92 these parents? M a. Children diagnosed with ADHD in early elementary school rarely show * persisting symptomatology in adolescence. you are talking with the parents of a young child you diagnosed Ans.73As a clinician. difficulty organizing tasks and activities. Katrina. 93 b. she could exhibit any of the following symptoms in that category App EXCEPT p. a 14-year-old female p. Matt will develop a comorbid depression or anxiety disorder. If he is typical of adults with this history. a 25-year-old male E c. Fac b. D a. There is little chance the ADHD symptoms will persist beyond childhood because the child's ADHD is not comorbid with a disruptive behavior disorder. often talks excessively often has difficulty awaiting turn 76For which of the following persons would you be MOST skeptical of a DSMAns. ADHD. Matt will have residual difficulties but will no longer meet diagnostic criteria. What should you tell p. a 7-year-old female Ted. 78"Minimal brain dysfunction" is an earlier term for the disorder now called Ans. though the impact can be lessened with medication. ODD. 74 If Katie has ADHD with the subtype suspected to be more common for Ans. A three? Con a. an 8-year-old male 77 Matt is 35 years old. which of the following App outcomes is MOST likely? p. p. 94 c. difficulty playing quietly. often does not follow through on instructions p. B IV ADHD diagnosis? App a. 75Which of the following subtype symptoms does not belong with the other Ans. C old. 93 b. The child's primary symptoms are likely to persist but will probably dissipate in early adulthood. None of the above is correct. often fidgets with hand or feet M c. The parents are concerned that the ADHD App behavior will persist as the child enters adolescence. loss of items necessary for activities. b. 7 0 . failure to give close attention to detail. Matt will develop a substance abuse disorder. Children with the inattentive subtype usually develop hyperactive symptoms during adolescence. 93 a. c. D females. He was diagnosed with ADHD when he was 6 years Ans. autism. E d. Cassie. learning disability. Roscoe. b. a 42-month-old child. endorphins in 81 Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three? Ans. D children by implanting a neural impulse generator in a child's brain. prolonged oxygen deprivation at birth d. gene mutation p. This medication will the availability of App his brain.3. 94 M Palani is a 6 year-old child with a disorder that was formerly called "minimal brain dysfunction. an ineffective thyroid p. If Jacobvitz and Ans. conduct disorder M d. is interacting with his mother. 79 Ans. the frontal lobes p. what brain Con structure would you target? p. cingulate gyrus d. metabolism acceleration 82If it were possible to regulate the hyperactivity and impulsivity of ADHD Ans. p. A impaired planning and executing of goal-directed behavior in ADHD. B NOT a focus of such studies? Fac a. LGN of the thalamus E b. lead poisoning b. the RAS c. norepinephrine decrease. B childhood disorder. thyroid disease Con b. RAS 3. C Sroufe observe this interaction and make the prediction that Stanley is at risk App for later hyperactivity. increase. 95 b. A App p. his mother's alcohol consumption during pregnancy low birth weight prolonged oxygen deprivation at birth 80Nine-year-old Toshio is taking a prescribed stimulant medication for his Ans. 94-5 b. Fac a. maternal intrusiveness 84 Brain abnormalities have been linked to ADHD. 94 c. C a. 94 a. 83 Preliminary MRI studies suggest that may play a role in the Ans. catecholamines decrease. 94 a. " Which of the following early life problems is probably NOT associated with possible underlying brain dysfunction? a. the presence of cerebral asymmetry E c. overprotective overstimulating anxious and insecure 7 1 . 95 a. undeiarousal of the RAS impaired frontal lobe activity 85 Stanley. how might his mother be described? p. aloof and critical b. temporal lobes * c. Which of the following is Ans. increase. GABA b. 14 10 8 89 Dax. Benzedrine p. B ADHD. Both Dax and Connelly would respond equally well to medication. C diagnosed with ADHD. Which of the Ans. and his mother often wakes him Ans. 96 a. Dax would show a more consistent response to the medication than would Connelly. have both been Ans. C b. 86 Two-year-old Sven has an underaroused RAS. which of the p. D from his naps prematurely and tries to play games with him long after his App interest has waned. and Connelly. 96 a. 96 b. A following would she NOT prescribe to a child with ADHD? App a. Yates is a psychiatrist specializing in pediatric psychiatry. oppositional defiant disorder separation anxiety disorder an eating disorder attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 87 Dr. If he were to develop a childhood disorder. It would be expected that p. a four-year-old boy. how many are likely to show a positive response App to medication? p. a fifth grade student. Of his 20 patients. 95 following is it likely to be? a. According to the App text what would your child's clinician recommend to avoid this possibility? p. Connelly would show a more consistent response to the medication than would Dax. 17 M b. D child is taking to treat the disorder may stunt his/her growth. vigorous exercise to stimulate muscle development reductions in dosage levels periodic drug holidays 7 2 . you are concerned that the medication your Ans.. a vegetarian diet b. 90As a parent of an ADHD child. Dexedrine E c. 96 a. Dax and Conelly's respective physicians have App prescribed Dexedrine to treat their symptoms. Cylert Ritalin 88Dr. Neither Dax nor Connelly would be expected to show a positive response. Teramoto is a pediatrician who specializes in treating children with Ans. c. d. 91 Ans. 96 M 94Which of the following treatment methods is MOST likely to effectively treat Ans. C App p. cognitive-behavioral interventions All of the above are likely to be effective. 3. Forrest was in a hurry and forgot to take his midday dosage to school. According to the text. 96 M Which of the following outcomes is LEAST likely for children taking stimulant medication? a. Forrest will most likely experience a. 92 Ans. 93 Ans. B Fac p. A App p. home-school behavior management procedures c. to what factor will Clara probably attribute App her growing self-confidence and sustained attention? p.3. 97 a. side effects of decreased appetite and physical discomfort d. medication p. C takes medication for her disorder. 96 M Forrest. long-term academic gains c. and a loss of appetite four to five hours after his last dosage. headaches. 96 b. improved attention to relevant environmental stimuli When Brandon. normal levels of arousal throughout the day. all of the children in the class get an additional 15 minutes to spend at recess. a rebound effect in the early afternoon with his ADHD symptoms returning stronger than ever. What is the name for this intervention approach? a. A the core symptoms of ADHD? Fac a. a child with ADHD. a ten-year-old male. abdominal pains. a decrease of arousal as the day progresses due to the fact that the stimulant will wear off. 95If Clara participates in an intensive educational program for ADHD and also Ans. to the drug's effects b. finishes his assigned school task and stays in his seat during the reading period. took his ADHD medication at breakfast around 7: 30 A. M. yoked control classroom management group contingency conformity reinforcement * 3. improved social relationships b. to the program's training to her own efforts either a or b 73 . generalized anxiety disorder. The history of impassioned controversy regarding the drug may create misleading impressions of its usefulness. Ans. A clinicians and researchers than disruptive disorders for each of the following Con reasons EXCEPT p. you could include each of the following statements Con EXCEPT p. interfering significantly with age-expected activities 99Until recently. persistent anxiety across several weeks or months. 100 Anthony began to develop anxiety symptoms around age 11. 4 1 98A child psychologist is assessing the presence and severity of anxiety in a Ans. rapid heart rate. D child who has been referred to him. undifferentiated anxiety disorder. Anthony may suffer from agoraphobic anxiety disorder. residual anxiety disorder. insomnia combined with physical symptoms such as nausea. The use of the drug has increased sharply in the past several years and may M still be increasing. B Of the 10 children she is currently treating for anxiety disorders. 74 . perhaps without sufficient cause. d. disruptive behavior and academic impairment lasting at least two weeks d. anxiety is a more normal facet of daily experience and potentially more adaptive than disruptive behavior. Doctors may give prescriptions based on parents' reports only and may fail to communicate with teachers about proper drug use. 97 Dr. what symptom(s) must be present? p. childhood anxiety disorders received less attention from Ans. 99 different route when he drives Anthony to school or a new teacher in his class room. disruptive disorders are more common than are anxiety disorders. * c. 98 a. In order to diagnosis some type of App disorder. Okamoto specializes in the treatment of childhood internalizing disorders. Children who are given the drag typically develop later adult substance abuse disorders. C b. 97 a. 98 a. anxiety disorders have less impact on adults than do disruptive disorders. assessment of internalizing disorders is more difficult than that for externalizing disorders. 6 c. 98 a. nervousness and foreboding about common present and future events M b. how many App probably also exhibit diagnosable depression? p. and sweating c. 8 E b. D the use of Ritalin. C have gradually worsened to the point where Anthony becomes inappropriately App apprehensive about numerous everyday occurrences.96In your report on the issues which should be carefully considered in regard to Ans. His symptoms Ans. such as his father taking a p. 3. He is App very worried about his parents' well being and reports frequent nightmares in p. 100 b. externalizing c. Separation anxiety reflects a developmentally inappropriate fear of E separation from those to whom the child is most closely attached. Benne. Alexi most likely suffers from which of the following? specific phobia separation anxiety disorder dependent personality disorder of childhood parental attachment disorder 103Mr. B including tying his shoes and deciding what lunch box to take to school. and Mrs. 102Alexi appears to need his parents' help to complete even the simplest of tasks. such as headaches and stomach cramps * c. depression p. 99 b. Symptoms of separation anxiety may be a sign of good adjustment in infants and young children. App a. school refusal E b. 100 a. B stay home from school. This anxiety disorder is associated with prominent behavioral and cognitive symptoms but somatic symptoms are uncommon. D a. chronic physical ailments. Cliett are concerned about Billy's separation anxiety disorder and Ans. a preschooler p. a fifth grader 7 5 . Ulani. the development of comorbid specific phobias or social phobia the development of aggressive behaviors toward siblings and parents 104 If Russell's separation anxiety symptoms increase because his parents let him Ans. positive reinforcement b. thereby reducing Russell's worrying and distress Con temporarily. D depression disorder MOST likely? Con a. a second grader Muriel. 100 a. p.101Which of the following is FALSE in regard to separation anxiety disorder? Ans. what operant process is at work? p. C symptoms of a(n) disorder. anxiety d. A its longterm consequences. Julie. Children are typically not diagnosed with this disorder until 8 or 9 years of Con age. a kindergartner c. 100 b. eating 106 For which of the following anxiety-disordered children is a comorbid Ans. negative reinforcement punishment extinction 105If Erika has a high level of inhibition in infancy. Ans. Which of the following is probably of greatest App concern in Billy's case? p. 99 which his parents are the victims of horrible accidents. she may later develop Ans. Kendall. a. ADHD b. A Con p. D App p. childhood depression d. 112 Medication is particularly useful for the treatment of but has not Ans. B Con p. eating disorders 7 6 .3. This means that you are offering therapy to your participants. 102 M * been established as an effective treatment for _ _ _ _ _ _ a. excess physiological arousal Majan is receiving treatment for his anxiety disorder which stems from fear of Ans. What treatment method is this? a. 108 Which of the following diatheses does not belong with the other three? a. 3. He exhibited short-term symptom improvement that dissipated six months after treatment ended. and lightning). and you are involved in his study of treatment for childhood anxiety disorders. childhood anxiety disorders. b. Which 3. 102 likely? E a. 101 M social scrutiny. Over the course of his two-hour therapy session Majan is asked to envision increasingly intense scenes. 101 M 3. If Carlos exhibited characteristics App that are typical for children in the study. Majan is taught anxiety-inhibiting techniques such as deep breathing and muscle relaxation. thunder. which of the following is LEAST p. 110 Ans. exaggerated perceptions of threat c. c. coping skills training d. peer modeling b. d. 109 Ans. group contingency reward b. He maintained his gains on the CBCL internalizing scales one year after treatment ended. In therapy. inhibition d. CD. childhood anxiety disorders c. He received a combination of several cognitive-behavioral treatments. in vivo exposure b. behavioral management cognitive-behavioral medication and interpersonal 111Carlos was one of Dr. cerebral asymmetry b. 107 Ans. such as having to introduce a speaker in front of a large crowd. 102 E of the following is LEAST likely to be used in the treatment of this disorder? a. systematic desensitization c coping skills training d. systematic desensitization Ivan suffers from astraphobia (fear of storms. ADHD. D App p. 102 M You are a graduate student conducting research with Dr. interpersonal therapy 3. He became indistinguishable from normal peers in regard to symptom severity at the end of treatment. C App p. self-reinforcement c. childhood depression. A treatment of childhood anxiety disorders. Kendall's participants in the first controlled study of the Ans. CBCL scale elevations c. 113 If William experiences a persistent depressed mood in childhood. four times as likely to experience depression as an adult. a high level of serotonin p. on which diagnostic approach is she MOST likely to rely? Con a. either a or b 3. They are core symptoms of ADHD. somewhat less.3. Leon appears p. E c. Keenan is likely than Dora to show significant depression. A highrisk behaviors have in common? Con a. reckless play. DSM-IV criteria p. and other Ans. C a. p. B childhood disorders. Keenan will be likely than Dora to show such symptoms. much less. suicidal thoughts c. unlikely to experience clinical depression as an adult. 105 b. more. 105 b. C By age 15. They are behavioral signs of long-term insecure attachment patterns. 103 b. 114 Nine-year-old Leon has been referred to a psychiatric clinic by his physician Ans. impulsive type. 103 c. They could be signs of an underlying eating disorder. Susan Campbell's discussion of the high rates of comorbidity among Ans. They could be signs of suicidal feelings. Ans. conduct disorder d. 118 At age 8. App a. somewhat more. 104 b. ICD-10 criteria d. hopelessness p. he is Ans. low self-esteem E c. p. 119 According to the text. What disorder is likely? posttraumatic stress disorder of childhood negative affectivity separation anxiety disorder depression 115 Which of the following adult symptoms of depression is NOT exhibited by Ans. suicidal thoughts none of the above 116 What do children and adolescents' substance abuse. somewhat less p. Fac a. 103 irritable and lethargic and makes several self-deprecating remarks. 103 b. 3. somewhat more 3. App b. more c. likely to develop a comorbid conduct disorder as an adolescent. d. 117 Given Dr. Ans. twice as likely to experience depression as an adult. separation anxiety disorder 77 is/are present in nearly half of all . During examination. D children with depression? Fac a. less d. D depressed children and adolescents. D who has found no medical reason for Leon's stomach pains and headaches App which have lasted for a few months. d. M c. either a or c 125Which of the following does not belong with the other three? Ans. Dexedrine: ADHD p. Tofranil: childhood anxiety 3. which of the following Ans. why haven't I thought of that? 3. Layton's parents exhibit marital conflict and may be hostile toward Layton. D a. disturbed perception of body shape or size p. imipramine: enuresis M d. D with a mild to moderate depression disorder? App a. anxiety: heightened physiological arousal d. B characteristics is LEAST likely? App a. unreasonable fear of gaining weight Con b. 122A clinician specializing in the treatment of depressed children is asked by the Ans. C parents of a client why she is not using tricyclics to treat their child's App depression. recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors M d. 105 b. A mismatched? Con a. That's a good idea. Tricyclics are used to treat anxiety disorders. 105 ways? E a. Layton's depressed parent is overcontrolling and insensitive to Layton's emotional needs. Tricyclics should be given only to severely depressed children who fail to respond to other treatments. 123 Which of the following medications and disorders is mismatched? Ans. a tricyclic antidepressant c. * b. depression: RAS underarousal p. ADHD: frontal lobe deficits c. 105 b. d. Layton's family is less cohesive and supportive than are other families. restricting type 78 . Layton's family expresses high levels of both negative and positive affect. cognitive-behavioral group therapy d. The clinician would probably respond in which of the following p. 105 b. enuresis: disruptions in arginine vasopression release 121If Layton is depressed and he has a depressed parent. 105 c.120Which of the following childhood disorders and biological findings are Ans. cognitive restructuring and coping skills training p. p. not depression. C a. 124 Which of the following treatment approaches would you consider for a child Ans. 106-7 c. Tricyclics are only used to treat adult depression. Prozac: bulimia Con b. c. b. but this does not meet the DSM-IV criterion for anorexia. A employ? App a. or Mike. despite popular belief to the contrary 130 Based on current data. obsessive-compulsive type anorexia nervosa. a fifteen-year-old male. what prediction would you make about next year's Miss Ans. She believes she is Ans. C America winner? App a. 108 meet DSM-IV criterion for anorexia. 79 . 106 months. restricting type bulimia nervosa. 108 a. B overweight at 96 pounds and a height of 5'5". excessive exercise c. E b. bingeing and vomiting 129If you were a betting person and had to bet on whether Angelica. A extreme dieting and excessive exercise. and restaurants.126Jennifer exercises more than a world class athlete. at which point she detests the thought of food. restricting type 127Alaqua has an eating disorder in which she avoids gaining weight through Ans. She rarely thinks about food except when she gains even the smallest amount of weight. misuse of laxatives or diuretics d. 10 to 1 in favor of Angelica 4 to 1 in favor of Angelica 2 to 1 in favor of Mike. Jennifer consumes. less than 200 calories per day and has had amenorrhea for three p. had anorexia. 15 to 1 in favor of Angelica b. She is obsessed with food and spends a great deal of time cooking M elaborate meals for her family. compensatory type bulimia nervosa. She will have a body weight that is close to the female ideal reported by both females and males. She often spontaneously thinks about food and is extremely distressed by her inability to control her thoughts. and this meets the DSM-IV criterion for anorexia. d. a fifteenAns. outright refusal to eat p. c. B year-old female. What attitude does she probably hold App about food? p. on the App average. which strategy is she MOST likely to Ans. She will have a body weight of about 82% of average. but this does not p. anorexia nervosa. what would App you expect your odds to be? p. such as grocery stores. television commercials for food. She will have a body weight of about 82% of average. 106 a. 106 b. She will have a body weight of about 90% of average. 128If 16-year-old Angie has anorexia. Jennifer suffers from which of the following? a. She goes out of her way to avoid food-related stimuli. male's attractive: female's ideal: female's attractive b. d. their current body shape. 109 b. the most attractive body shape to males. female's ideal: male's attractive: female's attractive male's attractive: female's attractive: female's current female's ideal: female's attractive: male's attractive 3. emotional distress c. b. D two months. C development of adult sexuality by avoiding forbidden sexual objects and App activities. which of the following represents Fac a CORRECT ordering from thinnest to heaviest? p. What males rated as their "ideal" shape was substantially thinner than their "current" shape. What diagnosis has Dr. hypothalamus E d. c. What might be causing this? App a. 109 c. D a. arginine hormone 3. both a and b 133 Which of the following statements is CORRECT in regard to college males' Ans. What males rated as their "current" and "attractive" shapes were essentially the same. 132 Ana's body shape is equivalent to that chosen by college males as "most Ans. Skinner believes that his adolescent clients are struggling with the Ans. 108 described as attractive by the females. separation anxiety disorder M b. amenorrhea p. Skinner given such clients? p. M b. 136 Libby is an 18-year-old female who has experienced amenorrhea for the past Ans. 134Dr. D of actual and ideal body shapes for females. 108 a. either a or b 80 . 108 a. 108 a. control of feeding behavior Con b.3. hypothalamic dysfunction p. adolescent onset 135Which of the following concepts does not belong with the other three? Ans. her body shape is THINNER than what females App themselves described as p. 131 According to Fallon and Rozin's (1985) study of college students' perceptions Ans. A attractive. What males rated as their "current" shape was substantially thinner than their "attractive to females" shape. What males rated as "attractive to females" was the same body shape p. B ratings of their body shapes? Fac a. social phobia anorexia depression. their ideal body shape. a deficiency of corticosteroids d. " Given this. be of normal weight or even somewhat overweight. avoid being fat. media portrayal of ideal female body types Fac b. exploration of dysfunctional family communication patterns p. 109 c. group psychotherapy M b. Stella is bulimic. 109 M primary goal is to . E d. C a. what would you recommend to them? p. a. be less healthy and more concerned with thinness. Micah is especially prone to this pattern when she is App under emotional distress. A bulimia. B App p. lose weight. enuresis developmental delay syndrome none 81 . His parents are distressed by the fact that he has wet Ans. Her Ans. A the excess calories. B goal be? App a. be extremely thin 140Which of the following causal factors has NOT been implicated in bulimia? Ans. What diagnosis is App appropriate? 111 a. 109 times a week. an increase in self-esteem d. D his bed at night several times in the past few months. disruptions in serotonin production 141Emily has just begun treatment for anorexia. D a.137Micah eats enormous amounts of food then induces vomiting to rid herself of Ans. bulimia/purging subtype b. individuals with bulimia tend to Ans. lose weight lose weight. bulimia/anorexic subtype anorexia nervosa uncontrolled eating disorder 138Unlike anorexics. encopresis b. Fac b. 109 c. Her primary goal is to . pathogenic family interactions p. What will her therapist's first Ans. she tends to go through this cycle five p. 3. be extremely thin. avoid being fat c. an increase in body weight c. If they are primarily concerned with reducing Adelina's bingeing and App purging. 110 b. imipramine anticonvulsant medication self-administered punishment conditioning 143 Alvin is three years old. p. On average. 110 a. operant conditioning E d. exercise more in order to become extremely thin. lose weight b. confrontation of distorted body images 142 Adelina's parents are seeking a treatment program for their daughter who has Ans. suffer from more severe emotional problems. Micah suffers from which of the following? E a. 139 Andrea is anorexic. Additional scales that are not sufficiently closely related to the above dimensions. enuresis bipolar disorder of childhood 146 Ned is participating in dry-bed training for his enuresis. C result? Fac a. None of the above is correct. Two scales: aggressive behavior and delinquent behavior. c. This approach represents a dimensional approach to classification. preadolescent depression p. 111 b. anxious/depressed. Internalizing .overcontrolled behaviors. 112 b. remaking the bed himself and changing clothes after an accident E c. Mills is talking with the parents of a child who has just been diagnosed Ans. parental reinforcement for avoiding accidents practicing getting out of bed and using the toilet 147Which of the following disorders is more common in females than in males? Ans. A following components is NOT involved? App a. bell-and-pad warning system p. thought problems. enuresis Fac b. 145If a child has an irregular release of arginine vasopressin. D a. somatic complaints. Which of the Ans. encopresis E d. The disorder is probably being caused by marital discord and other family stress and will subside once these issues are addressed. none of the above SHORT ANSWER I ESSAY 3. The child will probably outgrow the disorder in about three years. an eating disorder 111b. Three scales: withdrawn. 105. p. what disorder may Ans. 111 c. What sort of classification system does this assessment procedure represent? 1. 82 . encopresis E c.144Dr. excesses of undesirable or nuisance behaviors. Mills make? App a. The child will probably outgrow the disorder in about a year. but are important in assessing children's problems. Externalizing — undercontrolled behaviors. deficits in desired behaviors that usually cause subjective distress in the child. 148 Describe the three primary components of the CBCL and list their respective scales. B with enuresis. social problems. Three scales: attention problems. What prognosis should Dr. according to statistical criteria. and more directive and "bossy. foster placement for the child. Biological factors: genetic risks. underaroused nervous system (e. mother's mental disorder. poor communication skills.3. adverse family conditions (family adversity index). parents are probably more likely to resort to coercive cycles. such as ODD. low resting heart rate. father's criminality. language. have not replicated consistently. although stimulant medication does affect these transmitters. These factors make it difficult for parents to carry out effective child-rearing skills and to foster secure attachment in the child. large family size. and ADHD. 149 What types of childhood problems are most likely to prompt referrals to mental health services? What sort of gender difference is present in these circumstances? What other sort of childhood problem is also common but less likely to prompt such referrals? Why might this difference exist? Disorders of undercontrolled behavior. executive functioning deficits. and it is more difficult to draw the line between normal and/or adaptive emotional reactions and abnormal reactions.. and list two examples of specific risk factors associated with each type. difficulty handling cognitive demands of conflict) Social/family factors: insecure attachment. CD. 151 List the three types of factors that may contribute to the development of conduct disorder. 3. Too. poor parenting skills 3. overreactive to negative behavior. to be critical. The gene mutation causing disruption in thyroid functioning provides primarily conceptual evidence but not empirical evidence at this time. 152 Briefly describe four of the biological factors proposed to be related to ADHD and indicate why you might question each one's causal significance in the disorder. g. making assessment and diagnosis more difficult. Neurotransmitter deficits of the catecholamines. impairment in social-cognitive skills associated with interpersonal conflict (jumping to conclusions. low SES. Males are 2 to 3 times more likely to exhibit and be diagnosed with these disorders. children may have difficulty verbalizing their inner experience. dopamine & norepinephrine. to Early life problems: low birth weight has not yet been empirically documented as specific ADHD. Childhood anxiety is also common (about a 9% prevalence) but less likely to lead to a clinic referral. coercive cycles. abnormal levels of testosterone and/or serotonin (related to greater impulsivity and aggression). problem solving). Because of the adversity and strain. How are these factors linked to the parenting characteristics that contribute to disruptive behavior disorders? Severe marital discord. Internalizing disorders such as anxiety and depression are less likely to demand as much attention from adults to deal with the symptoms. prolonged oxygen deprivation is also strongly related to major developmental disabilities. 150 List four of the six risk factors that comprise the family adversity index. " 3. low skin conductance) Cognitive factors: neuropsychological deficits (in memory. 83 . and maternal gestational alcohol use is not unique to ADHD and usually involves the larger FAS disorder. 152 cont'd] Underarousal of RAS is difficult to measure.. amenorrhea present. 155 What three psychotherapy methods have shown success in the treatment of eating disorders? Cognitive-behavioral — both individual and group. 154 Describe the primary differences between anorexia and bulimia.[3. Evidence for frontal lobe deficits in executive functioning depend on neuropsych tests that may be inappropriate to administer to children and on MRI data gathered on very small samples. do not binge. primarily interested in avoiding being fat/wanting to lose some weight. 153 List the three anxiety disorders that can contribute to school refusal and indicate the primary motivation for that refusal for each disorder. interpersonal. often preceeded by picky eating and digestive problems Bulimics: typically of average or slightly heavier weight. primarily interested in being extremely thin. Separation anxiety disorder: fear of being away from parents (or other persons to whom the child is closely attached) Social phobia: fear of public scrutiny or humiliation or close personal contact Specific phobia: fear and avoidance of a specific object or a situation in which that object might be encountered (e. and family therapy based on Minuchin's model 84 . difficult to treat successfully 3. What are their central similarities? Anorexics: 85% of expected body weight or thinner. g. potential threat to health and life. engage in recurrent binge eating followed by purging or by fasts or stringent exercising. more likely to be preceeded by pica and battles with parents over eating Similarities = distorted body image and self-evaluation. 3. dogs) 3. A a. He is most likely to need Ans. Fac b.Chapter 4 DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS AND LEARNING DISABILITIES 4. lifelong impairment with serious limitations in daily living skills and need for specialized care. interventions limited to his school years. the ability to successfully accomplish basic daily living skills after intensive weekly therapy sessions. A a. 1 To find the first use of the term "developmental disability. 118 b. C the criteria for defining a "developmental disability. 4Judith has a developmental disability. B Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of such disabilities? App a. p. 4. If she is average for these milestones. 119 b. 118 c. d. 85 . c. 3 Richard's parents have been told that their son has a developmental disability. behavioral interventions to manage destructive or self-injurious behaviors. 118 b. 118 a. to provide clearer DSM guidelines to distinguish developmental disorders M from other childhood disorders to set the stage for research related to behavioral and biological treatments for those disabilities to identify which persons would be entitled to specialized treatment services to specify the conditions under which persons with such a disability could be legally committed for institutional treatment 4. eventually overcoming the disorder through intensive counseling and family App involvement. 6 Amy is a normal child. moderate supervision in his adult occupational activities. she is App a. The most likely prognosis for her is Ans. Day-to-day functioning and basic skills are significantly impaired. American Association of Mental Retardation guidelines. p. E d. B maintain balance when she sits. 3 months old. D a. p. p. ICD-6. 18 months old. p. 2 Suppose Dr. She is often cooing or babbling and uses her hands to Ans. " For what primary reason App are he and his committee engaged in this work? p. c. DSM-II. ability to live relatively independently with employment in a sheltered M workshop. Public Law 95-602. intensive interventions to allow him to function relatively normally. " one would need Ans. Ans. Symptoms cannot be modified by treatment. Long-term specialized care is needed. Romero served on the committee charged with the development of Ans. 5Miguel is a 5-year-old who has a learning disability. 1 year old. Impairment is evident prior to adulthood and extends through adulthood. d. 118 c. 6 months old. d. App b. She was probably about two years old when she attained this ability. About how old is Bly? App a. M d. C vocabulary of about 40 words like these. 2 years old M b. p. Ella wants to play Ans. 119 a. good coordination between hand and eye movements. a one-year-old infant with an average habituation time * d. and they shouldn't worry at all. App b. p. B childhood? Con a. Based on average developmental milestones. His parents are worried. Corey is somewhat delayed in this ability. She developed this ability after her development of receptive language. 4. 2 years 8Corey is two years. controlling large muscle movements in a coordinated fashion. She has a Ans. This means she is capable of Ans. 9 Kylee has well developed gross motor abilities. 119 c. D combination and very rarely uses functor words. 120 b. displeasing. 9 months p. how App young could Ella's sister be and still play along successfully? p. A a. 20 months * d. This sort of language milestone is not typically reached until children are two and a half years old. She developed this ability prior to her development of receptive language. Unless there are disturbances in motor and other cognitive domains. C hopscotch and jump-rope. a seventeen-month-old infant with a long habituation time 86 . 15 months M c. 12For which infant below would you MOST confidently predict a low IQ in later Ans. Corey shows sign of a delay in normal language ability and should be M thoroughly evaluated for a possible developmental disability. based on your knowledge of development? p. What App should you tell them. 3 years old 4 years old 5 years old 11Which of the following is applicable to Lita's expressive language development? Ans. App b. 119 b. She probably developed this ability faster than did same-age males. 10 Ella wants her little sister to play outside with her. telling where a body part is without seeing it. E d. three months old and has not yet begun to use three words in Ans. A a. so they shouldn't worry. 119 c. no developmental disability could possibly be present.7Bly says things like "banky" for 'blanket' and "dada" for 'daddy'. 119 a. a six-month-old infant with a short habituation time p. a seven-month-old infant with a long habituation time C c. but because children are widely different they should continue to monitor his skills and not yet worry. disruptive body motions. 119-20 b. D would this be accomplished? Fac a. A test? Con a. Paco has App a. App a. d. M c. She is predicted to be Ans. B than are infants with a long habituation time. 120 level b. obtaining information about the abilities of the child's family. a mental age of 9.13Jamie. correctly answered items on the Stanford-Binet test Ans. habituation speed C c. C She will obtain the most accurate results by App a. measuring the time the infant spends trying to learn a new sound in a particular day measuring the rate at which the infant's neurons fire in the occipital lobe during visual stimulation measuring the time lapsed from when a new object is repeatedly presented until the infant loses interest 15Dr. less intelligent p. * d. a below-average IQ. c. Carbonell is conducting a study to predict the kindergarten cognitive abilities Ans. administering the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. p. slower to develop adaptive behavior skills less likely to develop dyslexia 14 A psychologist wants to determine the habituation speed of an infant. a deviation IQ of 110. 120 b. How Ans. a six-month-old child. administering the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. has a short habituation time. performance on a standardized intelligence test family characteristics and abilities 16Dr. 17Which of the following skills is NOT included on a standardized intelligence Ans. 120 b. p. D of children who are 2 years old. expressive language receptive language 18Paco. observing the infant during normal and REM sleep to compare neural activity p. gross motor skills p. Ans. such as puzzle completion p. 120 b. On what characteristic should she focus? App a. an eight-year-old child. a mental age of 8. assessing the type of toys the child is most interested in. more intelligent M c. In other words. visual-motor skills M c. 8 7 . D that are answered by an average nine-year-old. Watson wants to determine the cognitive abilities of a 20-month-old child. performance on fine visual-motor skills. 120 b. 120 E Scores on the WISC-III indicate that Yoshi. 100. a lack of normative data on which to base interpretations. his impairment must begin Ans. C App p. C c. the natural and common tendency for children to exhibit occasional developmental delays. DSM. all of the above 88 . has an average IQ. AAMR. as long as mental functioning and adaptive behaviors are impaired. B App p. B the test created by the American Association of Mental Retardation. p. a 12-year-old child. both a and b. 24Cultural norms and values are important in the definition of Ans. high reliability. before he turns 18. c. 121 b. c. learning disability. A suggests caution in diagnosing this apparent impairment EXCEPT Con a. 25 Dave's IQ of 73 could be considered "mentally retarded" according to the Ans. language skills. E b. 22 Eve achieved a score of 73 on the Vineland. 121 a. 120 c. E d. 115. C a. high validity. p. intelligence. 20 It could be agreed by most psychologists that IQ tests have Ans. ICD-10. E d. DSM-IV.4. You could guess that his IQ is a. 121 c. 12. 23For Mitch to be classified as mentally retarded. The App therapist is assessing Jeffrey's p. adaptive behaviors. 120-1 c. Con b. 121 E * definition set by the a. at any age. p. all of the above 4. b. Fac b. neither a nor b. adaptive behavior. 21During an interview with his therapist. Jeffrey was given the Vineland Scales and Ans. 19 Ans. in infancy. developmental milestones. App b. differences in definitions established by the AAMR. the tendency for this test to overclassify impairment. Each of the following issues Ans. C d. d. b. and ICD. D a. intelligence. A a. 50. p. by the time he completes grade school. He is part of this disability. profound borderline. supervised setting. mental retardation and a substance dependence disorder. A His WAIS-R IQ is 69. lives at home and requires minor assistance with dayp. organic. severe. A retardation? App a. what classification system are you MOST likely App to use? p. mental retardation due to a genetic disorder and environmental deprivation. AAMR p. 1-3 c. . 01-. remedial. 05 b. 3-5 7-8 % of the world population with 28As a clinician responsible for assessing children exhibiting significant impairment Ans. whose IQ is 76. Reginald. 121-2 to-day activities and works part-time in a laundry. M b. whose IQ is 64. and is unconcerned about his situation. has never married. cultural-familial mild. nonorganic. lives on the streets.26According to whose definition would Beth be considered mentally retarded if her Ans. 122 c. neither a nor b 4. * c. C in academic and adaptive abilities. 121-2 a. pervasive 29Of the following persons. his IQ is not low enough. deficits in both IQ and adaptive functioning. D IQ is 69 and adaptive behavior tests reveal scores 84 or higher in all domains? App a. trainable b. he does not live in a structured. and supports herself and her child. p. M b. whose IQ is 68. his adaptive functioning is not sufficiently impaired. lives in her own apartment. cannot hold a job. is unable to hold a job and barely manages to take care of his daily needs for food and shelter. and lives in his own apartment. who would meet DSM-IV criteria for mental Ans. 121 b. 122 E Jake is mentally retarded. B a. A clinician using the DSM-IV might not diagnose Clark App as mentally retarded because p. moderate. 27 Ans. 30 Clark is married. whose IQ is 90. educable. DSM-IV c. Ans. Naum. 31 Nora has a dual diagnosis. a. the IQ test was not given prior to age 18. moderate. 122 a. 89 . both a and b d. Ida. B App p. App b. Dora. holds a groundskeeping job. limited. M d. a developmental disability and a separate physical disability. works full-time. dropped out of school in ninth grade. This means she has Ans. D diagnosed as App a. third M c.32Mild mental retardation is defined by the DSM-IV by IQ's in the range of about Ans. reading and simple math.50. and work with supervision. the cognitive impairments of children with Ans. A following descriptions is MOST likely to apply to her? App a. * d. 30 . significant cognitive delays evident in early childhood p. and an IQ of 58. fifth seventh 34Jim has some adaptive behavioral deficits. 122 c. D a. first p. Fac b. Beth will probably App a. 122 b. 37Which of the following does not belong with the other three? Ans. A a. 45 . 122 taking care of basic living skills. M c. 122 b. 4. B 85% of persons with this disability. lack of expressive language 38 Marguerite has been given a diagnosis of severe mental retardation. C mild mental retardation become evident by grade. Which of the Ans. live in a group home with the assistance of others on a daily basis. c. and require assistance in p. expressive language. 33Although not immediately obvious. She will have an IQ of 25 or less. C accomplish each of the following EXCEPT App a. mildly retarded. p. 50 . and require constant supervision to survive. 122 c. read on a third-grade level. 35 Beth has been diagnosed as having the level of mental retardation exhibited by Ans. be unable to have a family. IQ of 45 Md. M c. p. be unable to read. She will have only simple speech. Fac a. She will be unable to engage in any vocational activity. He would be Ans.60. M c. d. 90 . 36 Ryan is diagnosed with moderate mental retardation.70. She will be able to learn near-normal speech. minimally retarded. 20-40. marriage. performance of unskilled jobs with supervision. moderately retarded. intensive self-care assistance. and require daily. hold a semiskilled job. M b. have neurological damage. 122 b. be unlikely to marry and have children. trainably retarded. 122 b. be confined to an institution for much of her life. p. He could probably Ans. E d. need for supervised group home living Con b. p. is wheelchair bound. 10% of the mentally retarded population p. IQ of 30 Con b. A motor impairment is the type most commonly exhibited.39Which of the following does not belong with the other three? Ans. 123 b. d. 42If Greg has cerebral palsy. c. non-heritable chromosomal App addition known as p. common motor and visual-motor deficits 40Theo has severe neurological damage. He has mental retardation. B nothing else except the findings from research. autistic mental retardation. B a. quadriplegia. He has muscular impairment due to early cerebral injury. 123 b. p. Down syndrome. Williams syndrome. b. poorly articulated speech M d. a cultural-familial factor c. profound mental retardation. 91 . which of the following characteristics necessarily Ans. and requires Ans. Knowing Ans. B applies? App a. hypoxia. motoric dystonia. d. 41 Annette developed cerebral palsy as a result of cerebral injury in infancy. M c. 45Marta is 42 years old and is having her first child. 15 to 25 E c. simplistic. a peri. Both a and b apply. He is incapable of advanced speech. C assistance with even the simplest of needs. 123 a. PKU syndrome. Fac a. D child's risk of mental retardation due to an abnormal. 43One of 300 known biological causes is responsible for the mental retardation of Ans. namely App a. c. 25 to 50 60 to 80 44A client in your day treatment program has mild mental retardation. 123 b. p.or post-natal problem Any of the above are equally plausible causes. Theo has App a. severe mental retardation. 122 c. 123 a. C % of persons with this developmental disorder. moderate mental retardation. 123 b. p. p. you would predict that App caused the client's disability. fragile X syndrome. a genetic disorder M b. Her Ans. She is concerned about her Ans. hemiplegic spasticity. 5 to 10 p. PKU 50Wendy is diagnosed with fragile X syndrome. and be able to pass the defect on to her children. Which of Ans. 125-6 requests. 124 c. Ricardo. fragile X syndrome fragile X syndrome. 47 Having been diagnosed with Down syndrome. Matthew. PKU. Fragile X syndrome: 23 4. with mild retardation 4. Reya probably has . an ability to accurately reproduce complex visual stimuli from memory 92 . daily living skills much better than expected. * d. Which of the following Ans. with fragile X syndrome Vonetta. have upward slanted eyes. an elfin appearance. and a smaller-than-normal p.46Which of the following disorders and chromosomal location are mismatched? Ans. PKU: 12 Fac b. heart defects. and Rollo probably has . with small hands and fingers. E c. 125 b. a high level of sociability and relatively good mental health c. A hospitals and group homes were invited to attend. and be moderately retarded. Which Ans. and children from local Ans. B observation will probably surprise Dr. have a long face with a broad flat nose. with FAS 52Dr. 126 b. given the patient's IQ of 55 p. changing patterns in the speed of acquisition of academic and adaptive skills 49Reya successfully puts simple pictures in sequential order but has difficulty Ans. 48Brian's parents are learning to cope with their child's Down syndrome. be short and stocky. Andreas is treating a pediatric patient who has Williams syndrome. C a. oppositional and hyperactive behavior problems d. have "language in the relative absence of thought". a. Down syndrome: 21 M d. a likelihood of passing the defect in chromosome pair 23 to her offspring p. premature aging and a risk of dementia by age 40 d. 127 b. App b. Which of the following App children will be most interested in this activity? p. with Williams syndrome C b. Andreas? App a. Mary Ann will Ans. expressive language skills that exceed overall IQ p. Rollo App cannot do either task and is often unwilling to comply with the test-giver's p. D characteristics probably does NOT apply to her? App a. 51 A storytelling festival took place on a college campus. Williams syndrome Down syndrome. A the following characteristics are these parents least likely to observe? App a. 127 a. Williams syndrome: 15 p. FAE Williams syndrome. expressive language abilities that greatly exceed the patient's IQ c. B understanding what higher-order concept the pictures might represent. 125 cerebrum. less retardation than her twin brother with the same syndrome c. have quasi-psychotic symptoms. B a. with PKU Gina. an absence of physical stigmata d. 53Regarding organic causes of mental retardation. 127 c. C belong with the other three? Con a. p. exposure to rubella during the first trimester of her gestation M b. p. trisomy 21 M d. App b. Down syndrome M c. 56Monique. This means that the child Ans. A retardation. can lead a normal life and have a near-normal IQ with a special diet. C be the harmless substance. Tay-Sachs disease 4. She also exhibits microcephaly and cardiac dysfunction. d. exposure to alcohol as a result of her mother's binge drinking during pregnancy c. will be retarded and require specialized care for most of her/his life. has a deletion of a gene on chromosome 7. fragile X p. 127 b. alcohol 93 . cocaine Con b. 55 A newborn is found to have phenylketonuria. toxic amino acid byproducts found in the CNS of some retarded children. has moderate mental Ans. a child with hearing and visual impairments. substances which cross the placenta and damage a fetus. environmental toxins that can produce mental retardation in young children. tyrosine. 127 b. social development physical development all of the above areas 59Which of the following teratogens is most damaging for an infant's development? Ans. autoimmune disorder M c. 127 a. D a. p. C addicted mothers. the nurse would anticipate App significant difficulties in for these children. FAS PKU 54Willy's body is poisoning itself with a substance that in normal persons would Ans. What is the App most likely source of her disability? p. D a. 127 c. has a malfunctioning thymus gland that will lead to growth suppression. cognitive development M b. E d. 58 A nurse in an infant ICU ward cares for several infants born to cocaineAns. 127 c. exposure to maternal herpes during the birthing process exposure to environmental deprivation in the first two years of life 57Teratogens are Ans. which item below does NOT Ans. Fac b. What condition does Willy have? App a. PKU * d. substances produced as a result of head injury that lead to neural dysfunction. B a. marijuana p. FAS p. 4. 127 a. Based on available research. Roxanne. gestational alcohol effect. games. A retardation? App a. brain cell dysfunction and early-onset dementia c. moderate social drinking is safe. B description below is LEAST characteristic of his parents? App a. 62 Ibriham's mother drank two glasses of wine several times a week after the first Ans. likely to converse with Kibur infrequently and with little verbal elaboration relatively inattentive and unresponsive to child's efforts and interests 4. B trimester of her pregnancy. C in an unborn child? Fac a. C mother's binge drinking that occurred just prior to pregnancy. Garrett. amniocentesis analysis 94 . Which Ans. flattened jaw line. E b. E d. minimal teratogenic syndrome. p. a black male p. Michael. D a. counseling. 4. a reduction in IQ of about 7 points p. a check of the family pedigree p. a white male Beverly. C retardation? Fac a. 128 weight b. * c.60Rosa exhibits facial deformity and neurological dysfunction as a result of her Ans. 61How much alcohol is safe for a pregnant woman to ingest? Ans. genetic screening. a black female E c. and family planning seat belt and helmet use and pedestrian safety training improved birth delivery methods that prevent hypoxia and other complications 64Which of the following children is at greatest risk for nonorganic mental Ans. medical and educational programs to prevent premature birth and low birth p. and thin upper lip emotional and social impairments later in childhood 63Which of the following interventions will decrease the common causes of mental Ans. unlikely to provide educational toys. blood analysis of parents' chromosomes E c. Fac b. or books p. 128 b. This disability is App called p. developmental alcohol effect disorder. 129 b. fetal alcohol syndrome. Occasional binge drinking is safe if it occurs in the third trimester. a white female 65Kibur is living in a home marked by environmental deprivation. shortened eyelids. What outcome for Ibriham is LEAST likely? App a. Very infrequent. linkage analysis d. 128 b. 127 b. likely to be authoritarian in their discipline style c. It is not proven that any drinking is safe during gestation. One drink per day is safe after the first trimester. 66 Which of the following is not a method of detecting the possibility of retardation Ans. 127 a. 127 c. D Satinka is concerned about her developing baby's health. Children in the program consistently outperform their peers on developmental tasks in early grade school. Miranda's parents will be taught how to read effectively to her. which statement would you Ans. c. social modeling d. 69 Miranda is a child participating in Project Head Start. operant conditioning c. 130 U. Williams syndrome. d. 71 Which learning paradigm is most commonly employed for the treatment of Ans. respondent conditioning 95 . FAS. 4. sacrose intolerance syndrome. B services will be offered EXCEPT App a. c. the results are too unreliable. Support groups and psychoeducational programs on nutrition and behavior management will be provided to Miranda's parents. While it could be used to detect these disorders. S. 130 environment. If she were faced with App a possibility of a first trimester abortion. d. M b. c. Long-term follow up shows that most of these children are no more likely to graduate from high school than are comparison group children. 70In a report on the effectiveness of Project Head Start. The procedure cannot be safely performed until the fourth month. B moderate to profound mental retardation? Fac a. A dietary controls.67Because her cousin has PKU and her husband's niece has Down syndrome. Ans. 68Kenesha's risk of mental retardation can be lessened or even eliminated by early Ans. too late to be of help in this decision. Psychiatric assessment and treatment will be provided for both of Miranda's parents. D OMIT? Con a. PKU and Down syndrome are not heritable disabilities and thus the procedure would not be informative. 129 helpful? a. 130 b. d. classical conditioning p. Each of the following Ans. 130 b. Research findings have varied according to program quality and choice of * outcome measures. why would amniocentesis not be p. Miranda will attend a preschool which provides an intellectually stimulating p. phenylketonuria. This procedure detects only physical defects and does not provide information relevant to genetic disorders. p. Several longitudinal studies have been conducted at several sites across the p. M b. She has App a. target behaviors. C Fac p. His mother has Ans. His IQ is probably around 69 and is similar to that for a comparable child in the control group. operant conditioning 4. family income. If he initially reinforces quick glances by App a child and then reinforces longer glances. Naomi will first have to App divide the skill into its component steps known as p. family environment b. 73Seymour has identified eye contact as the first target step in a behavior Ans. 131 comparable child in the control group. E b. shaping. an autistic child. might be more clearly favorable if it targeted children on the basis of a. 131 C . 76 Project Head Start targets children on the basis of . what prediction would you make for Trevor's IQ? App a. shaping behaviors. M b. children's low IQ scores 77 Trevor is in the intervention group of the Abecedarian Project. C an IQ of 65. family environment. but its outcome Ans. 9 6 . maintenance p. 74Kamuko. normalization E d. shaping. His IQ is probably around 95 and is about 20 points higher than that for a comparable child in the control group. In order to use an applied behavior analysis. has learned to appropriately request a toy from her Ans. His IQ is probably around 82 and is slightly higher than that for a comparable child in the control group. behavior modification program Con b. A modification program for social skills. differential maintenance. C b. parental IQ scores environmental deprivation. applied behavior sequencing. Seymour is engaging in p. 75Which of the following concepts does not belong with the other three? Ans. His IQ is probably around 90 and is about 7 points higher than that for a p. B therapist. analysis units. generalization. D skills. targeting. 130 a. As of age 3.72Naomi is working with mentally retarded children to teach them basic social Ans. DRO correction. It is hoped that this behavior will also occur when Kamuko has a App home visit. 130 a. the children's low IQ scores. 130 c. family income c. a process known as p. b. C a. 130 a. direct reinforcement strategies. overcorrection. nonaversive punishment positive reinforcement overcorrection aversive punishment 97 . is more likely to have an IQ below 85. D of her staff caregivers' DRO strategy for appropriate play behaviors. Abigail at age 12 App a. What probably motivates Mahala's behavior? p. Ans. Ans. 133 What type of consequence do the staff behaviors represent? a. 82 A profoundly mentally retarded adolescent engages in self-injurious behavior. shows gains in reading and math skills. an autistic child. B Bayard becomes combative and self injurious. escape from task demands caregiver attention 83When he is taken out of the activity room and placed in his chair for lunch. p. has about an equal chance of having been retained in school. release of endogenous opiates c. Which of the following is the App LEAST likely reinforcer for this behavior? p. It will probably become overcorrected. escape from task demands M b. 132-3 a. It will probably continue through the process of maintenance. and encouraging him to eat. It will probably generalize to other social settings. endogenous opiate release social reinforcement 81 Marissa recently learned to decrease the frequency of temper tantrums as a result Ans. d. M b. A hitting herself severely on her head and face. 131 b. A Compared to a child in the intervention group. 132 a. frequently engages in moderate head banging when she Ans. What App prediction would you make about Marissa's play behavior in the future? p. The staff spend several minutes App physically restraining him. calming him down.78Abigail was a member of the control group in the Abecedarian project. availability of public funding M c. B Abecedarian Project? Fac a. nonverbal communication opportunity * c. C is by herself. 4. c. p. Ans. use of unreliable treatment interventions 80Mahala. It will probably require ongoing reinforcement. and her behavior is unchanged when her caregivers attempt a DRO App modification program. insufficient numbers of eligible children * d. somatomotor release of tension b. lack of documented long-term research success p. 131 b. has an IQ that is about 15 points lower. 79 What is the primary obstacle to implementing more programs such as the Ans. 132 a. 84Amid a great deal of debate. community. She lives in a Ans. What issue is she not likely to address? p. and Dimitri is experiencing significant changes in his living situation Ans. S. positive response maintenance and generalization behavioral normalization self-instructional training 86Isabella is 20 years old and moderately mentally retarded. IDEA legislation. DRO program M b. mood dysfunction. a move from a state institution to a specialized foster home guaranteed access to educational services provided by the local school system determination of his formal individualized education program 89Coretta has a daughter who has been placed in a self-contained special education Ans. normalization mainstreaming 87Interviews with mentally retarded adults living in community vs. C supervised group home in a residential neighborhood. D naltrexone to a severely mentally retarded patient. a lack of attention to individual educational needs for children in the program * c. institutionalism c. 134 a. 133 b. community institutional. Which of App the following does NOT belong? p. residentialism b. a disproportionate number of black children in the program M b. positive psychotic symptoms p. assaultive. a possible development of stereotypes and prejudice on the part of nondisabled students and community 98 . Coretta has approached the local school board with several concerns App about this practice. a. What kind of approach to App care does this situation reflect? p. Ikeda and her staff decide to prescribe the drug Ans. 133 arrangement. an overemphasis on placement by a single IQ measurement d. on which of Con the following operant strategies would you rely? p. community community. Dr. placement in special education according to IQ and adaptive behavior tests b. uncontrollable head-banging 85If you are ethically opposed to the use of aversive punishment for the control of Ans. A self-injurious behavior in persons with developmental disabilities. institutional both groups'. similar to manic-depressive disorder d. 133 a. D settings indicates that adults are more satisfied with their personal Fac choice options and that adults are generally positive about the living p. B classroom. both groups' 88It is 1978. 133-4 a. 132-3 a. A and educational opportunities as a result of the U. unprovoked attacks on other patients and staff c. institutional Ans. What are they treating? App a. 92 Emilio is three years old. 135-6 a. b. she will exhibit each of the following EXCEPT Ans. spends hours Ans. 80 . c. Suh is treating a 4-year-old child who exhibits stereotypic behavior. Kanner d. autism b. 96 a. d. D language deficits. B App p. autistic spectrum disorder b. 25 . c. 134 b. severely impoverished or absent language skills. Down Dr. A repetitively rolling marbles along the floor. What kind of educational process does this represent? mainstreaming normalization inclusion integration 4. mentally retarded students who live in institutions rather than community settings mentally retarded students with self-injurious or other behavior disorders 4. reciprocal social relationships. What App diagnostic label would he choose from the DSM-IV? p. 134 M A local school principal is implementing a program in which teachers move from one classroom to another and in which both disabled and nondisabled students are taught. mildly mentally retarded students with severe physical stigmata p. moderately. There are no "special" classrooms. uniformly low scores on standardized IQ tests. Ans. Kraepelin b. E. L. b. What disorder appears to be evident? p. 95 a. He has no expressive language skills. If Yoshi has typical autism. lack of adaptive. Asperger c. 135 E 4. and profoundly mentally retarded students c. 60-70. B Con p. 90 Ans.40. D contained special education classrooms? Con a. stereotypy disorder Asperger's disorder Kanner's disorder 4. Who first used the term "autism" and identified its core characteristics? Ans.95 . C Fac p. stereotypes. and seems uninterested in his parents App or siblings.55. 135 M 4.NOS 9 9 . H. severely. 135 E 4. 93 Ans. 35 . d. 94 The majority of individuals with typical autism will have an IQ in the range of a. atypical autism Asperger's disorder pervasive developmental disorder. 135 a. and a relatively average interest in other people. C App p. 91 For which type of disabled student do educators encourage the use of selfAns.4. L. B a. 137 a. p. 9. exhibits idiosyncratic and repetitive language use as well as Ans. App In other words. 136 a. typical autism M b. and stereotyped patterns of behavior * c. 000 disabled children. an African American female 99If Salim is being assessed for the possibility of an autistic disorder. 4. a. in which of Ans. receptivity. D developmentally retarded social play and a lack of spontaneous make-believe App play. 136 b. 50 c. what disorder App would you suspect? p. Thelma.4. restricted. qualitative impairment in social interaction M b. A Fac p. B of difficulty coordinating his gestures and eye contact to mesh with his parents'. 136 a. a Japanese male p. expressive interactionism. repetitive. C the following areas must he exhibit abnormal functioning prior to age 3? App a. 97 Ans. Erik has difficulty with p. 98Which of the following children is most likely to exhibit autism? Ans. social interaction p. joint attention. a Japanese female App b. approximately will have autism. 136 c. A much as the child would regard crayons as tools for drawing. Michi. 136 E For every 10. Jiro. 100 . These two symptoms fulfill the DSM criteria of autism. 65 9. a Chinese male M d. any 1 of the diagnostic areas any 2 of the diagnostic areas 100Alexa. Erik exhibits a great deal Ans. a 4-year-old. language and communication E c. Ans. Chang. and of these % will also be mentally retarded. facilitated communication. perseverative behavior disturbance qualitative impairment in communications 101 If a developmentally disabled child regards other children as "tools" in a game. 45 children. 4. PKU-related mental retardation atypical autistic disorder schizotypal developmental disorder 102When his parents try to show him interesting objects. 75 b. b. M c. Stamos are probably App a. fund of general knowledge. impairment in social interaction M c. block design. pip" and pronoun reversals 105In which of the three DSM diagnostic areas are mentally retarded children most Ans. Mrs. substantially larger than would be expected based on her mental age. not substantially different. made up primarily of nonsense words meaningful only to herself and those C who know her well. 138 b. 137 b. D autistic child? App a. 138 b. p. 10 1 . 107 Mrs. comparable to that expected for her mental age but limited in day-to-day usefulness. 108 Dr. Ida's repetitive use of idiosyncratic phrases such as "up. his therapist sees the pattern common for autistic children. M c. A biological contributions to autistic disorder because App a. ip. p. anxiety-prone and socially introverted. no specific genetic transmission for the disorder has yet been identified. and Mr. p. C has a vocabulary that is App a. c. D nondisordered child. p. and Mr. Jaime's complete preoccupation and fascination with door locks of all kinds p. d. comprehension and reasoning. 137 b. Adrian's self-injurious wall-hitting behavior d. Stamos have an autistic child. Alani's insistence that every object in her room be left in the exact same place M every day c. c. overly emotionally expressive and smothering. critical and emotionally aloof. 137-8 b. impairments in language impairments in nonverbal intellectual abilities 106 On Raphael's IQ test. B dissimilar to children with autism? Fac a.103If Mariana has typical autism with some expressive language skills. extremely limited in size and utility even when compared to her mental age expectations. Rutter has found it difficult to employ twin studies in the search for Ans. A which includes very low scores on each of the following subtests EXCEPT App a. 138 b. d. Compared to the parents of a Ans. Ans. she probably Ans. diagnostic practices have changed substantially in the last two editions of the M DSM. vocabulary. the parents of such children are not interested in participating in research. the disorder is rare among MZ and DZ twins. 104Which of the following descriptions does NOT reflect stereotypic behavior by an Ans. stereotypic behaviors p. disruptions in sensory-thalamic-cortical feedback mechanisms. Weinstein works in a neuropsychiatric facility which specializes in treating Ans. hyperfrontality and hemispheric lateralization. If a sample of Samantha's cerebrospinal fluid were Ans.4. Her specialty involves the use of PET and MRI scans to identify cortical App abnormalities in these children. Rett's disorder: Asperger's disorder: autism Asperger's disorder: moderate mental retardation: autism 102 . twin studies family studies 110Dr. brain imaging studies b. disruptions of attachment c. 138 a. which neurotransmitter might be expected to be abnormally elevated? App a. failure to understand or express emotions in interpersonal situations 113 If Leotie. She has probably found evidence of p. she will be unable to Ans. neural degeneration in the temporal lobe and underlying limbic system. 114Based on available theory and data. D analyzed. 138 M According to information presented in the text. biological None have been conclusively supported. acetylcholine serotonin 112 Of the psychological factors proposed to account for autism. C autism. 137-40 b. 109 Ans. dopamine E c. has no coherent theory of mind. an autistic child. which one has the Ans. 139 b. retell a story from the perspective of a person besides herself. cognitive E c. tell a lie. deficits in executive functioning p. enkephalin p. inability to engage in social imitation d. 115 In terms of prevalence. 111Samantha has autism. which paradigm is most clearly implicated in Ans. b. 138-9 b. which developmental disorders are correctly portrayed Ans. linkage analysis studies c. form an attachment in the Strange Situation task. B do each of the following EXCEPT App a. D understanding the etiology of autism? Fac a. correctly answer the "M&M" problem. below-average development in the frontal lobes and cerebellum. sociocultural p. C from LEAST to MOST common? Con a. B Fac p. autism: Rett's disorder: moderate mental retardation p. 138 b. 139 b. A most empirical support at this time? Con a. childhood disintegrative disorder: Asperger's disorder: Rett's disorder c. p. c. which research strategy has NOT yet documented a biological contribution to autism? a. If he were to meet a child with a form of atypical autism first App described as autistic psychopathy. b. lose her ability to walk. Nahele has only minor deficits in expressive and receptive language skills. She will probably become severely mentally retarded. b. She will probably return to her previously normal level of functioning once her diet is changed and closely controlled. 141 a. Rett's disorder 119 Which of the autistic spectrum disorders is known to be more common in Ans.116The language characteristics displayed by children with Williams syndrome are Ans. she exhibited deficits in App expressive language and disinterest in her family members. A females than in males? Fac a. relatively normal expressive language skills. She will probably be moderately mentally retarded but able to care for her basic daily needs if behavioral treatment begins by age 3. and show later decreases in her stereotypic behaviors. and other symptoms of typical autism. typical autism c. has childhood disintegrative disorder and Oliana. 141 b. Rett's disorder p. Candice suddenly became extremely clumsy with her hands. B classroom. B 12-year-old female. 117 A graduate student is preparing for a practicum experience in a special education Ans. 118 Which disorder does not belong with the other three? Ans. a tendency for the child to talk incessantly and informatively about her favorite hobby. typical autism E c. Asperger's disorder p. A most similar to those of which other developmental disorder? Con a. 140 b. a Ans. Asperger's disorder childhood disintegrative disorder 120At age 15 months. c. has typical autism. 121If Nahele. Oliana has substantially more severe impairments in executive functioning. increased social indifference. C a. what is the central difference between App them? p. an initial onset of symptoms at 28 months of age. She will probably develop stereotypic behaviors. Rett's disorder trisomy 21 syndrome 4. childhood disintegrative disorder Con b. Oliana has a higher overall IQ and somewhat better joint attention skills. d. 141 would you make for Candice? C a. 140 symptoms EXCEPT M a. Asperger's disorder p. Thereafter. D unable to hold or manipulate objects. Nahele's first three years of life were marked by normal developmental patterns. a 12-year-old male. 10 3 . William's disorder Md. Ans. he could expect to see each of the following p. reasonably good nonverbal skills and joint attention. 140 c. 4. What prediction p. Jacob shows no evidence of schizophrenia or any other formal thought disorder. early intervention programs should focus on what Ans. and his peers. whom you will see in their home * c. 141 a. p. by age 7 he will App a. his parents. 141-2 b. interfere with social skill development phonological awareness and joint attention skills 104 . as in the Abecedarian project E c. B autistic daughter. his parents. whom you will see at home and at school Ben. show a 20point gain in IQ. Lovaas' graduate student therapists. C and in what setting. whom you will see in Dr. no longer display clinical symptoms of a developmental disorder. 141 M If you wanted to replicate the treatment approach of the most extensive and well-documented program for autistic children. fostering gains in IQ. as part of the behavior modification program for Ben. and his teachers. d. Ben and his parents. 127According to Robert Hodapp. whom you will see at school 124 Ramon received an intensive treatment program designed by Ivar Lovaas. If Ans. D Ramon shows average gains from the program. 122 Ans. combine daily at-home social skills training with educational mainstreaming for preschoolers. Ans. Ben. exhibit normal peer interactions. combine a weekly behavior modification program with medication over a twoto three-year period. Lovaas' university lab M b. A autistic behavior with an antipsychotic medication? App a. Lovaas Crossley Asperger 126For what reason might a psychiatrist be hesitant to treat Jacob's highly aggressive Ans. 123You are one of Dr. 125Ruth's parents are understandably desperate to find a treatment program for their Ans. To whom would you refer them for a method that shows App realistic promise? p. helping mothers to be more effective parents p. Research has demonstrated the greater efficacy of naltrexone despite slightly increased side effects. an App autistic child? p. Ben. A goal in the treatment of mental retardation? Fac a. b. you would a. c. conduct daily behavioral training sessions for two years. p. d. A Con p. 141 a. M c. be substantially improved but still require medication for disruptive behavior. Long-term use of medication may cause permanent neurological side effects. 142 b. conduct daily training and support sessions with parents for one year to teach them to reinforce their child's attention to social stimuli and emotional expression.4. 141 b. involving parents and peers in multiple settings. Doman & Delacato b. The medication decreases aggression but worsens remaining autistic symptoms. Whom will you include. elimination of self-injurious behavior and other disruptive behaviors that d. M b. the Crossley-Biklen method resulted in only minor improvements in the expressive language skills associated with typical autism. none of the above 105 . d. C direct effect? Fac a. other equally effective methods are less costly. 145 b. standardized outcome Ans. 144-5 mental health care workers. and an appropriate statistical approach to evaluate a method for Fac treating a developmental disability. 144-5 about this clinician's general perspective? C a. The method requires the involvement of highly-trained.128On what group of children did the concept of a learning disability have its most Ans. E b. families and schools p. the Doman-Delacato method is scientifically worthless. significant discrepancy between IQ and achievement Con b. what factors) do you identify as actually Ans. the presence of an intrinsic CNS dysfunction p. A responsible for a learning disability? App a. What might you conclude p. 4. exclusionary criteria based on emotional disturbance or cultural disadvantage E d. 143-4 b. p. motor patterning treatment decreased stereotypic behaviors but did not * improve intellectual functioning in mentally retarded children. 129 When researchers employed appropriate control groups. Additional empirical research is needed before a conclusion can be reached about the effectiveness of the method. C measures. 144 a. c. D clinical scientists? Fac a. facilitated communication was effective only for atypical autistic children. high functioning children p. 146 c. It diverts attention from effective instructional methods and raises false hope for parents. emotional disturbance and psychiatric disorders inherited phonological encoding deficiencies 133 What component is common to the various definitions of learning disability? Ans. 4. D a. and thus expensive. B charges against the girl's uncle because facilitated communication revealed App evidence of the uncle's mistreatment of the child. c. She would probably recommend a treatment program such as Lovaas' in order to enhance verbal communication skills for such children. Its success brings into question the validity of the scientific method for evaluating treatment claims. 131 A clinician is encouraging the parents of an 8-year-old autistic girl to bring legal Ans.and middle-class black and Hispanic children 4. CNS dysfunction M c. lower. emotionally disturbed children from all SES groups c. they discovered that p. She endorses the behavioral approach to developmental disorders. 130 Why is the growing interest in facilitated communication seen as a problem by Ans. 132 If you take Coles' (1987) stance. She probably relies on standard IQ tests as a valid means of evaluating her clients' abilities. middle-class white children d. She does not value and/or is not trained in the scientific method. b. mildly retarded. d. Ans. 3 to 5 6 to 7 137Several more males are diagnosed as learning disabled than are females. Compared to the average student. yes. yes. for every female student in your class. they typically have lower overall IQ's. not for many school districts no. p. 146 b.134Evian was doing well in all of his school subjects except math. Hemispheric asymmetries in various brain structures are associated with higher levels of androgen hormones. no. " make abnormal eye tracking movements while watching cartoons or reading picture books. Why Ans. perceive the letters "b-u-s" as "s-u-b" or repeats the phrase "dog ran" as "ran p. D about how many will be receiving federally authorized services for a learning App disability? p. Ans. 146 a. yes. App a. M b. Of the 100 students in your classes this year. neither for school districts nor the DSM-IV 135You are a new school teacher. When females have achievement problems in school. B that Evian had an IQ of 115 and his achievement test scores. both a and b 139 Dr. putting males at increased risk for the most common learning disability. transposes the order of letters and words. for the DSM-IV. 146 be less attentive and more disruptive than girls. Testing indicated Ans. engages in abnormal eye movements. 138Testing has indicated that Linda has dyslexia. 11 5 2 136As a special education reading instructor. 146-7 dog. and thus would not meet the IQ discrepancy criterion as frequently. fell between 85 and 110. B dyslexia. including that for App arithmetic. A she probably App a. have difficulty sounding out the phonemes in the word "cat. no. Research indicates that he should select children who App a. for many school districts. for many school districts and for the DSM-IV C b. Referring teachers are more likely to refer males in part because they tend to p. C you will have male students in the class. 2 to 4 M c. Are learning disability criteria met? p. 146 b. A might this be? Fac a. 146 a. 18 b. 106 . has poor phonetic decoding. Reed wants to identify preschool children who may be at risk for later Ans. have unusual asymmetries in their planum frontalis. " b. 1 to 2 p. Ans. d. not for the DSM-IV * c. c. Parents are less likely to read to preschool sons and are somewhat more likely to encourage girls to excel in school. Redding and his daughter A student's report on proposed causes of learning disabilities could include each of the following research findings EXCEPT evidence of planum temporale symmetry or reversed asymmetry in the brain of poor readers. Based on available research.The Redding family is participating in Dr. larger in his right hemisphere. Given this situation. Redding and his son Mr. her parents sit down with her and encourage her to show them what she's doing. Anthony's planum temporale is smaller in his left hemisphere than his right. Hoien's dyslexia study. Several times when Kamaria does homework. group psychotherapy dietary modification and stress reduction medication and visual skills sound-based reading program 107 . you would recommend a(n) intervention. Which family members are most likely to share a similar pattern of reading deficits? Mrs. Redding and her daughter the Redding's children. Kamaria benefits from learning readiness. larger in his left hemisphere. you would expect his planum temporale to be of equal size in his left and right hemispheres. less well developed than his medial geniculate nuclei. phonological awareness. Stanley is an adult who is an above-average reader. joint attention. and they praise not only her successes but also her effort and interest in her work. which of the following is the LEAST helpful compensatory strategy for Anthony? parental reinforcement of Anthony's self-efficacy and academic motivation decreased reliance on group-based reading instruction intensive training in vocabulary and grammatical complexity systematic instruction in phonological awareness If you wanted to refer your dyslexic child client for the most effective treatment. Toni and Rachel. and his father has a learning disability. academic efficacy. greater concordance of reading disabilities between MZ rather than DZ twins. who are two years apart in age Mr. influence of insufficient school practice in oral reading and impaired learning readiness. evidence of genetic factors accounting for roughly 65% of the differences in reading achievement in the population. The goal was to foster greater independence and more "normalized" lifestyles. However. Some of the common characteristics seen in Down syndrome children are the following: eyes which tend to slant upwards. and sociability. nonexistent or poor language skills. " Children with this form of MR show the following: moderate MR. premature aging. most school districts have turned to mainstreaming (portions of the day spent in regular classrooms). shorter-than-average height. children who would have previously been placed in long-term institutional care began to be placed in community-based residential care or supervised living units and were educated in the public school system. in which one tip of the X chromosome has an excess of material. and this practice may promote antidisability biases. and what are some of its characteristic physical and psychological symptoms? What is the most common heritable form of that disability and some of its characteristics? The most common non-heritable form of MR is Down syndrome. and good mental health. fiat nose and large ears. 147What is the most common non-heritable form of biologically-caused mental retardation. small hands with short fingers. 4. with worse-than-expected expressive language skills but reasonably good rote learning and visual-motor skills. 146 According to the DSM-IV. repetitive patterns of behavior. or interests 108 .SHORT ANSWER / ESSAY 4. the reliance on IQ tests for assessment has resulted in a disproportionate number of black children being placed in these classes. although the actual implementation of this practice appears to fall short of its goals. conducted in the least restrictive setting possible. what criteria determine the diagnosis of mental retardation? How are the AAMR criteria different? DSM-IV criteria: a score below 70 on standardized IQ test along with impairment in at least two areas of adaptive functioning (possibly measured with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales). 149List the three DSM-IV symptom categories for typical autism. The AAMR criteria define MR by a cutoff score between 70 and 75 on an IQ test but also includes the two-area impairment criterion. stocky. activities. Severe deficits in reciprocal social relationships. 148 What change in the approach to the treatment and education of mentally retarded individuals occurred in the 1970s? What have been some of the consequences of mis change? In the 1970s. usually caused by an extra 21st chromosome when that chromosome fails to split during maturation of the egg. thin face with a broad. in comparison to other MR individuals. a long. with less severity in females. The most common heritable form is Fragile X syndrome. many of these specialized classrooms have been situated in buildings physically segregated from regular classrooms. Many schools chose self-contained special classrooms for disabled children. relatively stable emotions. IQs of about 50. making it look thin and "fragile. Too. including dementia by middle age. To offset these problems. and stereotyped or restricted. The school systems were mandated by the 1975 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) to provide special educational services to these children. Lovaas' treatment program for autism. Describe the kinds of interventions Troy receives and what outcomes could be reasonably predicted. 151 Yrina is at risk for dyslexia.What biological. possibly resulting in a lack of asymmetry or the presence of reversed symmetry in the planum temporale (the back and upper regions of temporal lobe) or an abnormal asymmetry in the structure of the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. (non. 20 points). a psychology graduate student. limited phonological awareness). Educational factors .4. Troy should exhibit a substantial increase in IQ scores by age 7 (on average. lack of a secure attachment between Yrina and her parents Treatment . educational. Troy will be involved in intensive training sessions every day for two years.an educational intervention employing either the whole language or sound-based approach to reading instruction 109 . or general cognitive abilities in planning and problem solving related to goal-directed behavior (possibly a reflection of frontal lobe deficits) 4. Drawing on research described in the text. pragmatic use of language absent or extremely limited.insufficient learning readiness instilled by parents. deficit in theory of mind. tantrums. failure to attend to salient social stimuli. will focus on Troy's language development and on cooperative play with peers. His therapist. 4. or the ability to infer the mental states of other people. Followup five years later should show that Troy will have maintained most of his achievements. genetic factors (probably polygenetic in nature).difficulty with phonetic decoding (or. and he has roughly a 50/50 chance of entering a regular first-grade class. lack of an individually tailored curriculum for Yrina Family factors . Operant conditioning of stereotypy. 149 Mary Ann is an autistic child. taking place at home and in other relevant environments and including Troy's parents and his peers. describe some of the cognitive deficits she might exhibit. is participating in Dr.exposure to ineffective group instruction with inadequate opportunity for practice and feedback. and aggression will also be employed. three years old. impaired executive functioning. 150 Troy. and familial factors biological) could be associated with this risk? What treatment would you recommend and why? Biological factors . Deal immediately with daily hassles in order to avoid entering the resistance phase of stress. 1 Ans. In order to adequately assess the client's stress. refusing to spend the date in an isolated location. indices of the client's physiological functioning evaluation of the client's coping strategies 4Based on Resnick et al. 154 E 2Stress is Ans. Maintain an optimistic attitude toward life's challenges. attempted kidnapping severe illness or death of loved ones assault involving a weapon or physical injury 6Elisa wants to avoid the possibility that she might be a victim of acquaintance Ans. Dr. the nature of the client's interpretation of the stressors b. 154 E * STRESS. the adequacy of her innate immune response c. 154 a. subjectively perceived and defined. 156 b. You would encourage her to take each of the following actions EXCEPT App a. 3 Ans. It is not possible to avoid stress altogether. avoiding the use of alcohol or other drugs during the date. b. C of adult women in your community have been a victim of a major App crime or a noncrime trauma. Ruiz should gather information in several areas. C Fac p. dressing conservatively. one half two thirds four fifths 5A group of adolescents at the local high school is being asked about the Ans. E c. Ruiz is conducting an assessment of a new client. SLEEP. primarily a psychological process. C rape. 110 . Develop more extensive social support. sexual assault M b. 154 a.Chapter 5 5. Dr. A App p. 's (1993) phone survey findings. * d. B experience of traumatic events in their childhood. relatively unaffected by cultural norms. a. Which of the following would be LEAST useful? a. paying some of the expenses on the date. b. you could predict that Ans. 154 M 5. B App p. one quarter b. c. c. p. d. Which of the following is App LEAST likely to be reported? p. caused by traumatic events and major life milestone changes. AND ADJUSTMENT DISORDERS What response would you give to a friend who wants to know how to avoid stress? a. p. Other things being equal. from family conflict. Marta's family visits twice a week without advance notice. she is just as likely as a control group student to report a sexual victimization. Either a or b is possible. If Ferris & Delville's work with young hamsters were found to be applicable to humans. what outcome would you predict for Jerod who has been repeatedly bullied and physically assaulted by older brothers? Jerod will be overly aggressive as an adult. she is less likely to report a sexual victimization than is a student in a control group. Each of these women is at high and equal risk of sexual victimization. The individual may experience abnormalities in brain chemistry that could exacerbate the stress responses. Jerod will be overly timid as an adult. 11 1 . Her/his perception and interpretation of stressors may be objectively incorrect. Which of the following stressors is MOST damaging to personal adjustment? the divorce of one's parents dropping out of college due to failing grades being a victim of violent crime The impact of each would depend on an individual's subjective perception. who was seriously injured in a car accident at age 12 d. Marta and Kelly are both inpatients being treated for clinical depression stemming. If she has no prior history of rape. Jerod will be chronically ill and susceptible to premature death. If she has a prior history of rape. which patient is under greater stress? Kelly Marta Both are equally stressed by family visits. who was a victim of sexual abuse as a child Cyndee. Which of the following women is MOST likely to be a victim of sexual assault as an adult? Margaret. she is less likely to report a sexual victimization than is a student in a control group. in part. how might this influence the person's stress process? The individual may unintentionally bring about some stressful events in her/his life. she is just as likely as a control group student to report a sexual victimization. who witnessed the murder of her father when she was 10 years old Cocheta. If she has a prior history of rape. There is no way to make a prediction in this case. An individual with either of these characteristics is more likely to be a victim of bad luck. If an individual has poor social skills or other long-term psychological handicaps.Annette participated in a 9-week acquaintance rape prevention program offered at her university. and Kelly's family visits twice a week on a regular schedule. Which of the following outcomes is MOST likely? Regardless of her personal history. 158 events? a. 158 b. d. 15 Ans. " "frequent misplacement of objects. SRE b. techniques for the avoidance of the alarm phase of stress enhancement of social support 16 Dr. M b. and uncontrollable 14How do reactions to stress differ between Marcy. D Betty. 158 a. 18 In the last 12 months. She would exhibit high App p. C financial difficulties. Shara has experienced several health. caused by a malicious person c. 13 Which combination of stressor characteristics is likely to result in the greatest Ans. 158 a. with Marcy showing less HYPAC activity. major hassles. unexpected. Their physiological reactions to stress are different. Marcy is more likely to view the stressor as a challenge.5. expected. and his client is a Ans. life change units * c. and Ans. 158 oversensitive to changes associated with the alarm phase. B perceived stress and problems in adjustment? Fac a. cognitive reappraisal of job and marital stressors c. SRE life change units. frequent. who finds such events more expected and controllable. uncontrollable. development of optimism and self-esteem b. an optimistic person. the Life Experiences Survey the Schedule of Recent Experience Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome Interview the Hassles Scale 5. HS life change units. 5. negative event. and Ans. the positive or negative impact of an event E b. S. " or "unexpected company. whereas Betty is usually p. 158-9 E A clinician works with group therapy clients who have lost their jobs due to layoffs and who are also experiencing increased marital conflict as a result of that job loss. caused by the person him/herself p. " App What is being assessed? p. from Guatemala two years ago. chronic procrastination d. 17 Mitch is completing a survey where he rates whether he has experienced "too Ans. minor. A Hispanic female who came to the U. whereas Betty may see the same event as a threat. controllable. B many meetings. Marcy often ignores the symptoms of stress. Marcy tends to feel more threatened by a stressful event compared to Betty. a pessimistic person? App a. controllable. c. LES 112 scores on the . unexpected. the cumulative effect of small stressors 5. caused by the person him/herself d. C App p. Williams wants to assess his client's level of stress. Which of the following is the LEAST likely focus of the group's work? a. Which App scale would probably be MOST sensitive to his client's experience of major p. family. having children. weight loss. weight loss immune system weakened. like getting married. physical energy depleted adrenal corticosteroids secreted. HYPAC activation sympathetic nervous system aroused.and emotion-focused coping strategies emotional changes associated with alarm and resistance cognitive reappraisal and social support interventions in adjustment disorders What is the primary function of physiological reactions to stress? to defend against environmental threat to create adaptation to create conscious awareness of stressors to enhance immune system functioning Which of the following physiological reactions correctly reflects an example of the three progressive stages of the GAS? body expands its energy supplies. which example below could be considered a significant stressor based upon accumulation? predictable stressors that arise from life's milestones. getting stuck in traffic jams. immunosuppression. or losing your lecture notes the night before an exam stressors that are linked to repetitive occupational demands Roberta is a research assistant for Hans Selye.In an examination of different types of stressors. organ damage Which of the following emotional reactions does NOT belong with the other three? fear excitement anger depression How does Selye describe the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome? the stage in which physical and psychological coping mechanisms are used to defend against the effects of stress the stage marked by emotions such as fear and excitement as well as heightened levels of attention and concentration the stage in which a person's energy is finally depleted and the ability to cope with stressors is impaired the stage dominated by sympathetic nervous system activity 11 3 .earthquakes. What is the most likely topic of her work? autonomic reactivity to sustained stressors behavioral. floods. or violent encounters relatively minor events such as car trouble. catecholamines secreted. immune system weakens. or starting college unpredictable traumas . B App p. Leah realizes she will need to take an extended leave from work. prodromal b. Which of the following physiological responses would NOT App occur? p. alarm coping 26Health psychologists who wish to study the coping strategies of individuals Ans. Suddenly. p. According to Selye. 28 Which alarm phase sequence of chemical releases is correctly ordered? Ans. epinephrine and norepinephrine 5. c. hypothalamus: ACTH p. 161 a. 25 Ans. App a. CRH: HPAC: ACTH p. adrenal-releasing corticosteroids. adrenal cortex: endorphins Fac b. b. Con a. a. 160 b. resistance regulatory 27Hector is experiencing "burnout" in his role as a probation officer in an Ans. She is entering the stage of stress. 160 c. HPAC: corticosteroids: CRH 29 Which of the following structures and substances are correctly paired? Ans. the release of adrenal corticosteroids * d. alarm p. pupils dilate b. B his descent. A overcrowded. followed by . the release of adrenal corticosteroids M c. D and getting closer. blood rushes to muscles heart rate increases digestion is stimulated 114 . D a. understaffed judicial system. ACTH: CRH: epinephrine Fac b. adrenocorticotrophic hormone. exhaustion E c. and spend several hours across many days in the hospital. CRH: ACTH: corticosteroids d. alarm reaction stage. 31 You are alone on a dark street. 160 Hector is in the E a. find adequate child care. ANS depletion stage. resistance c.5. corticotropin-releasing hormone. stage of exhaustion. He takes several doses of an App antacid each day and rarely gets a full night's sleep. you think someone is following you Ans. the release of endogenous opiates p. 160 c. stage of resistance. catecholinergic hormone. His hypothalamus is releasing . adrenal medulla: catecholamines 30Levi is learning to ski and has just lost control on a long slope and cannot stop Ans. 160 b. C a. 160 E Leah was informed two days ago that her mother suffered a severe stroke. pituitary: CRH M d. C experiencing ongoing stressors should seek persons in the stage of stress. release of adrenal corticosteroids to shut down the sympathetic system p. A App p. 162 When you get back in your car. By increasing her heart rate and her body's production of glucose she is reducing the production of corticosteroids that prolong stress reactions. the release of corticosteroids which interact with stomach acids to create distress parasympathetic system activity which rapidly activates digestive processes the increase in muscle tone throughout the body. What causes this reaction? The parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is conserving the body's energy for answering the immediate threat. 36 Ans. 161 b. You prematurely entered the resistance phase of coping. C your car. Which of the following Ans. although her susceptibility to illness would increase. and behavioral adjustments which all increase Alexa's immediate ability to cope with a stressor. conclusion of alarm phase 33Suppose Ruza's adrenal medulla is overactive and frequently secretes a Ans. What produces this effect? a. your legs are shaking so badly you can't drive. sympathetic system activity which rapidly deactivates digestive processes b. 35One day while you are driving to school. cognitive. her stomach winds up in knots. 161 b. Physical exercise helps release extra endorphins that help regulate Alexa's cardiovascular activity and facilitate her psychological coping. You quickly respond by hitting your brakes and swerving around the App child. B What might best account for this exercise benefit? App a. Physical exercise promotes perceptual. profuse sweating and lethargy p. M b. p. when her level of stress increases.32Wynona tripped and nearly fell down a long staircase. and the nausea you feel requires you to sit in the car for 15 minutes. Physical exercise may result in the release of stress hormones that intensify p. All reactions are by-products of the sympathetic nervous system activity and mobilization against threat. You discover mat except for a few minor scrapes everything is fine. anxiety and feelings of panic c. What consequence would you observe? App a. a child on a bike darts out in front of Ans. 162 M Connie notices that no matter what she's eaten recently. 34Alexa finds that her regular exercise routine helps her cope with stressors. which causes gastrointestinal constriction 115 . 161 the alarm phase and prepare her body to cope with stressors. diversion of blood to internal organs c. You would not expect an overt change in behavior. insomnia and feelings of depression d. decrease in vigilance and attention d. B substance into her bloodstream. A descriptions does NOT apply to her returning state of calm? App a. 5. Ans. The reactions were caused by the failure of the body to release epinephrine and norepinephrine that would have restored ANS balance. causing an extended release of catecholamines. Ramone is increasingly vulnerable to disease. Ramone's ability to continue healing at a normal rate is impaired.37In his recollection of falling from the parallel bars and breaking an arm during Ans. antigen. specific 11 6 . C a. 39After four months of working 14 hours a day to try to keep her business Ans. 163 b. 42If Bobbi is exposed to a cold vims which invades her body but she does not Ans. 160. App a. Which physiological outcome is LEAST M likely in this stage of Ramone's stress reaction? * a. p. D away from his job for one month. Ramone may be developing chronic hypertension. resistance c. 38Ramone was involved in a serious car accident on the way to work. 3 creating more tension and anxiety. skin E c. the appearance and texture of the parallel bars on which he was M performing. App b. he had to App take time off to keep medical and legal appointments for several more days. 162 b. 163 c. T cells and B cells antibiotics 41The human immunodeficiency vims is a type of Ans. lymphocyte. the thoughts that went through his mind as he fell. her immunity functioned effectively. protective clothing p. 163 b. 163 a. the gasps and cries that went up from the crowd who saw him fall. Bart is LEAST likely to recall App a. c. Rosa is 15 pounds underweight and now feels helpless to avoid App bankruptcy. C a gymnastic competition. He was Ans. innate p. B pathogens? Con a. What GAS stage does she appear to be in? p. microphage. alarm collapse 40What sort of innate immunity do physicians rely on for defense against Ans. his fall from the parallel bars as though it happened in slow motion. and upon returning to his job. acquired d. pathogenic E c. E d. exhaustion E b. p. interleukin. Ramone is sustaining organ damage. p. A afloat. D become ill. a sign of an impending autoimmune disease. 163 a. Why was her immune system slow to ward off what was App probably a minor pathogen? p. Autoimmune macrophages will rapidly identify and destroy the familiar pathogen. M c. but as of today she feels Ans. 163-4 c. Danoi was well again. memory p. B effective killer T cells have now stopped their activity is App a. increased B cell production. B cells macrophages. A were home sick for several days. antigens. * c. M c. The fact that his Ans. related to the adaptive cessation of interleukin activity. p. Helper B cells will release antibodies specific to the pathogen. increased killer T cell production. B cells had to release several types of antibodies to effectively combat the pathogen. App a. Memory T cells are poised to quickly destroy the familiar pathogen. Killer T cells will be more readily recruited by interleukins. destroying the pathogen before it can cause symptoms. the expected result of suppressor T cell activity. suppressor 117 . 5. but Mr. Interleukins failed to summon sufficient numbers of helper B cells. antibody E d. likely to inhibit the creation of memory T cells. 163 b. decreased antigen production. The match between antigen and sufficient numbers of specific killer T cells was slow. c. antigens 44Yolanda had been under the weather for several days. A by and will be destroyed by . M b.43Mato's body is fighting a foreign pathogen. helper Fac b. This pathogen has been identified Ans. 45First Mr. 48 There are several T lymphocytes in the body. d. interleukins M c. then their two children Ans. killer T cells p. D cancer. 163 b. macrophages. d. p. C a. M b. 46Ronald received a bone marrow transplant from his brother in an effort to treat Ans. helper T cells. 163 a. Ans. D back to normal. increased suppressor T cell production. 47David has successfully overcome a respiratory infection. 163 b. Macrophage activity was probably slow to identify this mild pathogen. but is NOT one of them. Danoi had the flu. d. Why should App he not worry about catching the flu again from his children? p. then his wife caught it. One of the anticipated benefits of this transplant could be App a. p. D responses and immune functioning. a high number of killer T cells. 118 . Of me various substances secreted in the App body during times of stress. She is engaged primarily in E a. suppressing. A three? Con a. enhancement of energy production in muscles and brain corticosteroid release 53Bertrand is trying to learn how to tolerate the stressors in his life. E c. defensive support. c. She's been dealing with this situation by App calling her classmates and asking them to make copies of their notes and to p. a high number of B cells. E b. 164 a. D further behind in her classwork. D immune system would be directly affected? App a. fight-or-flight response E c. immune defense activation p. 164 bring these to her dorm room. 163-4 a. 4 b. App he is p. which one is of specific interest to Dr. Antibodies could not be released into the blood. coping. 163-4 b. competent immune system should include each of the following Ans. Lincoln is a health psychologist studying the relationship between stress Ans. 51Dr. b. 54For several days. the catecholamines M b.49If Wyatt's body were found to be deficient in interleukins. In other words. 50Your healthy. d. managing. such as his Ans. serotonin suppressor T cells glucocorticoids 52Which of the following physiological reactions does not belong with the other Ans. * d. Antigens could not be identified. a high number of suppressor T cells. C EXCEPT App a. Francine has been ill with the flu and is getting further and Ans. Pathogens could not be devoured. E c. B and T cells could not be recruited to kill a pathogen. adapting. what process in his Ans. 160. 163-4 b. Lincoln? p. emotion-focused coping. C neighbor who mows his lawn at 7: 30 on Saturday mornings. p. a low number of antigens. problem-focused coping. cognitive reappraisal. I guess this is a sign that it's time to do that!" What coping strategy is she employing? inner-focused coping cognitive reappraisal defense mechanism problem-focused coping Kristos and his cousin. make a voodoo doll of the person and displace her frustration onto the doll by jabbing it with pins and putting curses on it. think about the new worker's lack of experience and the likelihood that this person's abilities will improve in the future. because he is using humor to indirectly express his feelings and avoid conflict social support strategy. seek out colleagues at work who will understand and sympathize with her experience. Ishi would request a meeting with the coworker and their supervisor to discuss the situation. "Well. Which coping approach is NOT applicable in this situation? social support problem-focused coping emotion-focused coping distraction A husband is worried about his wife's excessive weight and her poor health habits. get away from the pressures of their jobs by going fishing together for several hours twice a month. I've been wanting to go back to school for my master's degree.If Ishi were experiencing stress due to the actions of a new and incompetent coworker and she chose a problem-focused coping approach. because he is venting his frustration to some friends who understand his concerns emotion-focused coping. Which type of coping strategy would he be using if he made a comment in front of some friends about his wife's idea of physical exercise being "shop 'til you drop"? a defense mechanism. she said to herself. When Miriam lost her job. Victor. because he is trying to eliminate the stressor of her shopping by changing his emotional response problem-focused coping. because he is directly trying to solve the problem of his wife's lack of exercise Which of the following coping strategies does not belong with the other three? problem-focused social support defense mechanisms emotion-focused 119 . which have led to cardiovascular problems. either problem. social support d. who has been arrested on a false charge of cocaine possession d. defense mechanisms 120 . 62Which of the following persons might MOST effectively make use of a Ans. C likely to use than males are. a denial defense mechanism p. Fac b. one which fits a given stressor and its context. the number of friends and family members with whom she interacts p. problem-focused coping b. problem-focused coping. Vondra. learning as much as she can about her condition in order to anticipate its C course and effects c. 165 b. 165 c. her reliance on social support as a problem-focused rather than emotionfocused coping strategy d. who was just in an automobile accident and sustained minor injuries 63The MOST effective coping strategy is Ans. 165 b.60Gina has just finalized her divorce. 165 b. E d. Fac a. security was noticeably Ans. emotion-focused coping c. defense mechanisms. E c. A a. D network is most important in helping her cope with this experience? App a. cognitive reappraisal. increasing the number of people she spends time with in order to enhance her social competence d. 165 regularly M b. females are somewhat less Ans. who just lost his job as an advertising executive due to his lack of C productivity * c. Which characteristic of her social support Ans. emotion-focused coping. D defense mechanism coping approach? App a. changing her emotional reaction to her headaches by employing humor 65After the Oklahoma City federal building bombing. objective measures of the quantity and quality of the support given by * people around her c. who just learned that her mother has lung cancer p. What coping approach might be MOST helpful? App a. p. 164-5 employees trying to cope with their fears of another bombing? C a. Mike. Based on evidence presented in the text. her own perception about her friends and family's level of care for her and her value to them 61Based on information from Stone and Neale (1984). 64For several years Jillian has had chronic migraine headaches that are usually Ans. social support as a means of coping. B unresponsive to medication. Emilio. social support. p. Marissa.or emotion-focused coping. App which coping approach would you be LEAST likely to recommend to p. A heightened for many federal offices. 166 family encourage him to seek family counseling to reduce this denial M mechanism. 167 b. with associated medical condition psychological factors affecting medical condition adjustment disorder 70What psychological disorder occurs when an individual experiences an Ans. D for both physical and psychological disorders. However. social competence p. what kind of effect would this social support have? a direct effect a competence effect a buffering effect a minimizing effect 67What variable has been hypothesized to account for the stress/social support Ans. If his hypertension is more severe as a result of App these events. C valued family heirlooms. B unusually severe stressor and subsequently exhibits distinct symptoms of Fac disturbance that last for at least 1 month? p. He deals with this Ans. How would a client's recent Ans. when might social Fac support worsen rather than help a person's coping efforts? p. adjustment disorder stress-induced anxiety disorder 71A clinician is writing an assessment report. 166 b. psychosomatic disorder. somatoform disorder E b. They would be described in the "Background" section of the report only. p. 166 a. 167 a. d. lessening its value when it is not associated with increases in the recipient's social competence when helpers take full responsibility for directing the recipient's coping response 69Vicente's home was burglarized twice in the past year and he lost several Ans. D marital separation and arrest for attempted assault be noted in that report? App a. If his friends and p. intelligence E c. 167 a. A connection? Fac a. They would only be noted if they have exacerbated a previous mental M disorder.66Jahi has a young child with moderate mental retardation. 121 . how would this condition be described in the DSM-IV? p. posttraumatic stress disorder c. They would be specified on Axis I along with the client's clinical diagnosis. * c. gender Type A personality 68It seems clear that a lack of social support generally puts people at higher risk Ans. C stressor by volunteering for lengthy out-of-town business trips and shutting App himself in his study at home to work on the computer. somatoform disorder M b. They would be noted on Axis IV. when an individual is utilizing problem-focused or defense mechanism M coping approaches when the support occurs indirectly instead of directly. 122 . will probably develop a mental disorder. p. engage in emotion-focused coping and thereby reduce her risk of physical M illness. "What similarities are found across cultures regarding individuals' approach to emotion-focused coping?" "Why are natural disasters more psychologically harmful to their victims than technological disasters are?" "Why is the process of talking about feelings more productive than the process of writing those feelings on paper?" 76Ariel has insomnia. C for adults who were sexually abused as children. he sleeps about 6 hours a night. and other negative emotions d. and other negative emotions c. Recent evidence suggests that she Ans. had a preexisting depressive or anxiety disorder that is causing the sleep M disturbance. A a. use cognitive reappraisal to justify the stress she has just endured. p. In a therapy group Ans. c.72Kauli is a 73-year-old male. 167 c. A most productive for future researchers in the area of stress and coping? Con a. 73A therapist wants to enhance her clients' coping resources. actually experiences fewer major stressors than do persons without insomnia. If his sleep duration is average for his age group. clients who engaged in cognitive reappraisal in order to reestablish family social support networks 74If Jen experiences "stressor offset" following finals week of her last semester Ans. clients who relied almost exclusively on problem-focused coping b. 168 b. clients who expressed very strong feelings of rage. based on Pennebaker et al. App b. he sleeps longer than the average 45-year-old. "What aspects of interpersonal stressors are most important in adversely p. he sleeps about 10 hours a night. she will App a. she asked each of them to App talk about their experiences and their feelings. 's findings? M a. betrayal. clients who expressed mild feelings of anger. he sleeps about as long as a typical 9-month-old infant. 168 affecting individual adaptation?" M b. disappointment. 168 predict the most improved functioning. Ans. reduce the effect of academic stress by pursuing sources of social support. For whom might the therapist p. 169 c. App b. 75According to Pennebaker. which of the following research questions may be Ans. D of college. E d. * d. p. become ill after the stress of school has ended. B a. has a biological disturbance that is also common in many mental disorders. 77Dr. Eisenstein is conducting a polysomnographic assessment. This means that Ans. C she is App a. conducting a multifaceted, structured clinical interview regarding a client's p. 169 sleep characteristics. M b. studying the effects of varying levels of sleep deprivation on cognitive processes such as memory and attention. c. observing several physiological patterns during a client's sleep. d. graphing a sleep client's responses to various medications for insomnia. 78In order to monitor Angela's transition from stage 2 to stage 3 sleep, you Ans. D would use an App a. EMG. p. 169 b. EKG. E c. EOG. EEG. 79Doris, a research assistant in a sleep lab, forgot to turn on the monitor that Ans. A tracks eye movements. What stage of sleep will be difficult to discern? App a. REM p. 169 b. stage 4 E c. stage 2 stage 1 80If he has a typical night's sleep, Bruno will spend most of his time in Ans. B a. stage 1. App b. stage 2. p. 169 c. stages 3 and 4. E d. REM. 81Which characteristic below does NOT belong with the other three? Ans. C a. immune system replenishment Con b. delta waves p. 169 c. learning consolidation M d. NREM sleep 82Zachary's EEG shows a preponderance of delta wave activity. If interrupted in Ans. A this stage, App a. he would be very difficult to awaken, p. 169 b. he would probably report he had been dreaming. M c. he would probably be aware that he is experiencing an erection. he would be in the stage he spends the most time in each night. 83Lisa has just begun to dream. Her PSG activity will be MOST similar to that Ans. D of App a. deep sleep. p. 169 b. circadian sleep. E c. stage 2. d. stage 1. 123 84If Loni is in REM sleep, she will exhibit each of the following EXCEPT Ans. A a. increased muscle activity. App b. increased heart rate and respiration. p. 169 c. rapid eye movements. M d. brain wave activity similar to stage 1. 85Alex is seeking help from a counselor for impotence, being unable to Ans. B experience an erection. If the counselor wants to determine whether there is App an underlying physical problem, what sleep stage will the counselor monitor? p. 169 a. stage 1 C b. REM stage 3 This would not be an effective means of obtaining relevant information. 86This week, Dara has gotten very little sleep while studying for final exams in Ans. C college. Subsequently, when she gets a full night's sleep she will App a. spend more time in stage 1 & 2 sleep and less time in REM sleep. p. 169-70 b. spend more time in stage 3 & 4 sleep and less time in REM sleep. E c. enter REM sleep sooner than usual and spend more time in it. * d. enter deep sleep sooner than usual and spend about half the night in it. 87The inactivity of the locus coemleus during REM sleep suggests that this stage Ans. D is important for the regulation of Fac a. the circadian rhythm. p. 170 b. serotonin. E c. the endocrine system. norepinephrine. 88 A student's report on characteristics of sleep could include each of the Ans. B following EXCEPT Con a. sleepers go through four to six 90-minute sleep stage cycles each night. p. 169-70 b. deprivation of NREM sleep interferes with consolidation of learning. M c. in the last half of a night's sleep, stage 3 and 4 decrease and REM increases. both NREM and REM sleep stages decline substantially across the lifespan. 89In the same way that the alarm clock next to your bed lets you know when it's Ans. C time to get up, your acts as a circadian alarm clock. Con a. hippocampus p. 170 b. pineal gland M c. suprachiasmatic nucleus superior colliculus 90Although its validity as a treatment for sleep disturbance has been strongly Ans. A challenged, is an important hormone in the sleep/wake cycle. App a. melatonin p. 170 b. corticotrophin E c. serotonin d. suprachiasmatin 124 91Sleepy is one of the Seven Dwarfs, named for the mental state he exhibits Ans. C throughout the day. It is likely that his is functioning abnormally. App a. locus coemleus p. 170 b. amygdala M c. hypothalamus * d. medulla 92Which sleep disorder category will you NOT find in the DSM-IV? Ans. D a. primary sleep disorders Fac b. substance-induced sleep disorders p. 171 c. sleep disorders related to another mental disorder E d. secondary sleep disorders 93Roland has a substance-induced sleep disorder. If it is caused by the substance Ans. A most frequently associated with this sleep disorder, its etiology is App a. alcohol intoxication or withdrawal. p. 171 b. caffeine intoxication. E c. sedative withdrawal. cocaine intoxication or withdrawal. 94It is very likely that you have at some point experienced some of the Ans. B symptoms of a dyssomnia. This means you could have experienced a App disturbance in any of the following EXCEPT p. 171 a. the quality of your sleep. M b. unusual behaviors during sleep. c. the timing of your sleeping and waking. the amount you sleep. 95According to the DSM-IV, which category of disorders involve unusual Ans. C behaviors or abnormal physiological events during sleep? Fac a. sleep disorders due to a general medical condition p. 171 b. substance-induced sleep disorders E c. parasomnias dyssomnias 96Janet has just been informed by her physician that she suffers from the most Ans. C common form of dyssomnia. Which characteristic does NOT apply to Janet? App a. She suffers significant unhappiness or dysfunction because she has p. 171 difficulty staying asleep. M b. Her disorder probably has biological, behavioral, and cognitive causes. c. She probably has a substantial delay in sleep onset and sleeps fewer than five hours. d. She is bothered by sleepiness during the day but engages in worry and rumination before bedtime. 125 97Based on epidemiological data, which of the following persons is most likely Ans. D to have a dyssomnia? App a. Reggie, who consumes alcohol before bedtime and sleeps about 7 hours p. 171 b. Cassandra, who sleepwalks and has occasional nightmares M c. Marlon, whose three-year-old daughter wakes him about once a month when she has a night terror d. Delia, whose job requires her to change from day to evening to graveyard shifts every three months 5. 98 Most adults report getting about hours of sleep per night; self-identified Ans. C adults with primary insomnia get about hours. Fac a. 9; 6 p. 171 b. 8; 5 E c. 7; 7 7; 5 99One of your friends is complaining that she feels sleepy during the day Ans. A because she has trouble falling asleep and wakes up often during the night. App You could give her several suggestions that might help her get a better night's p. 171-2 sleep. Which of the following would be LEAST useful? E a. Read or watch TV in bed in order to relax. b. Avoid drinking caffeine or alcohol for a few hours before bedtime. c. Develop cognitive reappraisal coping strategies that reduce rumination. d. Try to develop a reasonably consistent bedtime and try to get up about the same time each morning. 100Dr. Dreme is studying sleep disorders in adults. If he wants to assure himself Ans. B of an adequate sample size, on which disorder should he focus? Con a. nightmare disorder p. 171 b. primary insomnia E c. narcolepsy primary hypersomnia 101Seven-month-old Tabitha is waking Samantha and Damn several times a night, Ans. A and their pediatrician indicates that Tabitha has ISD. This dyssomnia could be App caused by any of the following factors EXCEPT p. 172 a. the use of Tabitha's crib for activities other than sleep. M b. the presence of parental discord or conflict. cultural pressure for American children to go to bed before the parents do. Tabitha's overactive temperament. 102In the middle of an afternoon meeting, Shane was suddenly overcome by REM Ans. B sleep and cataplexy for several minutes. What probably accounts for this App event? p. 172 a. REM sleep rebound E b. narcolepsy c. Orcadian sleep disorder d. secondary hypersomnia 126 If high-speed aircraft, such as the Concorde, come to be routinely used for international travel, which disorder might passengers exhibit? delta sleep disorder ultradian sleep stage disorder circadian rhythm sleep disorder environment-induced sleep disorder Children are more likely than adults to suffer several sleep disorders, but this is NOT true for sleep terror disorder. nightmare disorder. sleepwalking disorder. primary insomnia. Barbara is a 4-year-old child experiencing a parasomnia that occurs in REM sleep. This means she has nightmare disorder. sleep terror disorder. sleep apnea. either a or b. As had happened several nights before, Bobby woke up at 2 a. m. screaming and was agitated and panicked when his parents rushed to see what the problem was. In the morning, Bobby's parents asked him about his bad dream, but he recalled nothing about it and seemed unaffected by his ordeal. What disorder is present? nightmare disorder sleep terror disorder nocturnal fear disorder childhood sleep disturbance Sammy was found sitting in front of a blank TV screen at 2 o'clock in the morning, apparently after sleepwalking from his bedroom. His parents were unable to wake him as they put him back in bed. During what stage of sleep did this behavior probably occur? stage 1 stage 2 stage 4 REM Which of the following sleep disorders and medical treatments are mismatched? hypersomnia: stimulant medication primary insomnia: sedative medication narcolepsy: antidepressant medication All of the above are correctly matched. 127 109Tess is relieved to have "cured" her insomnia by obtaining a prescription for Ans. A Halcion, which is helping her sleep through the night. Unfortunately, there are App several cautions to bear in mind about this approach. Which of the following p. 173 is NOT one of those concerns? M a. The drug may cause hypomanic symptoms during the day. b. She may experience a side effect of daytime drowsiness. c. The drug will probably cause both tolerance and dependence effects. She may have increased insomnia when she stops taking the drug. 110What would you recommend as an effective treatment for an individual with Ans. C primary insomnia? Fac a. prescription drugs such as Halcion or Dalmane p. 173 b. individual psychotherapy E c. sleep hygiene counseling d. cognitive reappraisal therapy, including assessment in a sleep laboratory to demonstrate that the person really does not differ in sleep onset or duration compared to most adults 5. 111 What factors must be present in order to diagnose as an adjustment disorder Ans. B according to the DSM-IV? Fac a. The stressor must be severe (such as the death of a loved one) and the p. 173 person must report adequate coping skills and moderate distress. M b. Behavioral or psychological symptoms must occur within 3 months after the stressor's appearance and last no longer than 6 months after the stressor or its consequences have ended. c. The symptoms should not exceed what would normally be expected from exposure to an extreme stressor and can last 3 to 12 months. d. The person's symptoms are severe, likely to last a long time, fit Axis I criteria, but have lasted for only 2 months. 112Dr. Southwick is a full-time counselor at a university counseling center and Ans. D sees many students with an adjustment disorder. In order to specify the type App of disorder each student exhibits, he will need to assess each of the following p. 173 EXCEPT E a. the nature of the stressor. b. behavioral difficulties. c. depressed mood. d. anxiety symptoms. 5. 113 A graduate student in clinical psychology is working with a client who feels Ans. A tense, nervous, and restless following several stressful experiences. In order to App decide whether this reflects an adjustment disorder or if it reflects PTSD, the p. 173-4 student should consider each of the following EXCEPT M a. Are the stressors interpersonal, environmental, or technological? b. Are the stressors unusually severe? c. Are specific behavioral and autonomic nervous system symptoms present? d. Are the symptoms mild and likely to be of short duration? 128 5. 114 A health insurance auditor is inspecting the reimbursement claims made by Ans. B clients for psychotherapy services they have received for adjustment disorders. App If the auditor has taken this abnormal psychology class, she will have which p. 173-4 question in mind during this process? C a. Why are substantially more females given this diagnosis than are males? * b. How many of these clients might actually have an Axis I disorder? Why have therapists provided treatment when this disorder is not associated with significant distress or functional impairment? Why are so few clients in outpatient settings given this diagnosis? 115Why might adjustment disorder diagnoses be unreliable? Ans. C a. This disorder, used primarily for males, contains negative stereotypes that Fac are often associated with mental illnesses. p. 174 b. Someone with this disorder has symptoms that range widely in form but M are typically mild and of limited duration. This diagnosis does not take into account any of the behavioral symptoms which may be present as a direct response to a stressor. The diagnosis is often made to avoid using a more serious diagnosis and when symptoms do not fit well into other DSM-IV categories. 116If Ned has an adjustment disorder with mixed anxiety and depressed mood, Ans. D what sort of stressor has he probably endured? App a. a one-time event of moderate severity p. 174 b. multiple hassles or repeated failures E c. a minor or moderate stressor of extensive duration Any of the above are equally possible. 117Many residents of the southeastern U. S. have been inundated by rain which Ans. A has caused repeated and severe floods. Crisis intervention teams should assess App several characteristics of individuals subjected to this disaster, but p. 174-6 is probably LEAST important in this initial assessment. M a. the number of other flood victims in close proximity to the individual b. the depth to which a person was physically submerged during the flood c. the degree of control the person felt s/he had during the crisis d. the length of time the person spent in flood waters 118Dr. Parrilla has been recruited by the American Red Cross and the American Ans. B Psychological Association as a member of the , a team that App responds to the immediate mental health needs of groups affected by disasters, p. 176 a. Emergency Mobilization Unit E b. Disaster Response Network c. Immediate Intervention Team d. Quick-Response Disaster Specialists 129 119The U. S. government recently disclosed that military personnel were exposed Ans. A to high doses of radiation during nuclear tests in the 1940s and 50s. Why App might the stress of this exposure be particularly damaging to its victims? p. 176-7 a. It is expected that the tests should have been carefully controlled by M government and military leaders. b. The physiological effects will far outweigh individuals' psychological ability to cope successfully. c. The nuclear tests occurred with advance notice, giving victims time to ruminate. d. Victims are not likely to blame the government for their exposure, despite evidence to the contrary. 120According to the hypothesis set forth in the chapter, which of the following Ans. B disasters would cause greatest psychological harm for its victims? App a. an earthquake that occurred without warning p. 176-7 b. a massive release of toxic gases from a chemical manufacturing plant M c. a passenger train derailment with numerous fatalities caused by a tornado * d. loss of property and lives in a lightning-sparked forest fire exacerbated by several months of drought 121Clients who report one of the three most upsetting life events on Holmes & Ans. C Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Questionnaire are experiencing Con a. some sort of disaster stressor, p. 177 b. an occupational or social stressor. E c. an interpersonal stressor. a medical or interpersonal stressor. 122Louise has been separated from her husband for 7 months, following 22 years Ans. D of marriage. She feels depressed, has missed work for several days, has App p. 177 E frequent headaches, and spends a great deal of time blaming herself for all the imperfections in me marriage. Which of the following is NOT relevant to her situation? a. The separation is probably not an isolated relationship stressor but a reflection of longer-term marital discord. b. Her emotion-focused coping interferes with her ability to employ problem- focused and cognitive reappraisal strategies. c. She is less able to make use of her social support network and may begin to alienate remaining support. d. All of the above apply to her situation. 123Jasud's soccer coach is helping him use effective problem-solving to deal with Ans. A his failure to win a sports scholarship to the college of his choice, a goal Jasud App had worked toward for three years. After encouraging Jasud to brainstorm p. 178 several possible solutions for this situation, the coach should next recommend M a. evaluating the short-and long-term consequences of each of those options. clarifying Jasud's primary goal and the obstacles to that goal. selecting a general strategy that might remove the obstacles to the goal. talking with a mental health professional, the type of person most able to enhance Jasud's coping resources. 130 124A group of introductory psychology students has been asked by their instructor Ans. B to spend 20 minutes a day writing about traumatic events in their lives. Based App on the information presented in the text, what outcome is anticipated for the p. 178 students? M a. an increase in effective problem-focused coping b. better immune system functioning and lower levels of psychological distress c. increased recognition of and commitment to social support networks d. an opportunity to reflect on the lower level of stress the students are presently experiencing, resulting in enhanced optimism SHORT ANSWER / ESSAY 5. 125 Given that stressors depend upon individual differences, situational characteristics, and cultural differences, list the characteristics of stressors that tend to create heightened perceptions of harm. Lack of social competence, cumulative stressors, long-term stressors, unexpected stressors, coping alone rather than with the support of others/lack of social support, a sense of helplessness or lack of control, intentional or careless behavior by others that creates stressors, pessimism/introversion, technological disaster, inflexible coping strategy. 5. 126 Jenna has just discovered that she failed her first biochemistry exam. She must pass this class and other science classes with a grade of at least a B to be considered for the school's pre-med program. Describe how the GAS might apply to Jenna's stress response. Jenna will first experience the alarm reaction. In this stage, her sympathetic nervous system will be activated, creating sensations of a racing heart, shortness of breath, and literal (as well as figurative) knots in her stomach. She will be faced with the decision to flee the whole situation or to choose a means by which to fight back. Her emotions will probably include panic, fear, and possibly anger or frustration. If her performance improves in the class, she will at least momentarily reestablish equilibrium. If the next exam, however, also reflects a poor grade, she may move into the stage of resistance. She no longer expends acute physiological energy but begins to engage in more deliberate coping efforts, which could take many forms (e. g., emotion-focused, social support). She may experience feelings of tension and anxiety, and may make use of defense mechanisms to deal with additional temporary stressors. If Jenna spends the next semester struggling to "make the grade" to get into the premed program and she finds she must spend endless hours studying to the exclusion of her friends and leisure activities, she may begin to show some signs of the exhaustion stage. If she enters this stage, she will experience weight loss, increased vulnerability to illness due to immunosuppression, and physical fatigue. Her studies will become ineffective due to impaired attention and concentration, impaired coping efforts, disorganized thinking, and insomnia. She will probably feel hopeless, helpless, and desperate. 131 5. 127 List the components of the HYPAC & SAM axes response during the alarm stage of the GAS. Hypothalamus secretes CRH - corticotropin-releasing hormone > CRH signals pituitary to secrete ACTH - adrenocorticotrophic hormone > ACTH directs release of adrenal cortex secretion of adrenal corticosteroids - "stress hormones" which prepare body to fight or flee Hypothalamus stimulates the sympathetic NS > sympathetic NS stimulates adrenal medulla's catecholamine production > activity in parasympathetic NS shuts down which prepares body to fight or flee [Optional - students may not think to include the following, though it is applicable: HYPAC & SAM also activate endogenous opioids/endorphins] 5. 128 Micki has mononucleosis. Describe the process by which her immune system will fight this illness, including attention to the various "soldiers" in this battle. Specific immunity will be involved: macrophages will identify pathogen by locating antigens on its surface and will then devour and produce a digested form of the pathogen; macrophages will then summon interleukin-1 which will summon various killer T cells to destroy the remaining pathogen and helper T cells; helper T cells secrete interleukin-2, which, in turn, will summon additional T and B cells; B cells release antibodies; a sufficient number of correctly matched killer T cells must be recruited to fully destroy the virus; suppressor T cells stop the activity of killer T cells before they begin to destroy healthy body elements; interleukins marshal memory T cells which will destroy the mononucleosis pathogen if it enters Micki's body again in the next few days after she is well 5. 129 Joe's home was destroyed by an earthquake in central Oregon. Give an example of how he might utilize each of the coping approaches described in the chapter. No modal response reliably predicted. Answer should include a concrete example of each of the following: problem-focused coping aimed at changing the stressor itself; defense mechanism of denial, projection, or humor; emotion-focused coping aimed at altering his emotional reaction but not the stressor; search for or use of social support — can include any of the above components also; cognitive reappraisal to alter perception and meaning of the stressor. 5. 130 Imagine you have just gone to bed for a typical night's sleep. Describe in detail the stages you will go through as well as the general pattern of your night's sleep. Stage 1 — 30-second to 10-minute duration, muscles begin to relax, body temperature begins to drop, easily awakened Stage 2 — 30- to 45-minute duration, marked by significant EEG shifts Stage 3 & 4 - 10 to 20% of night's sleep, deep sleep marked by delta waves, restorative/immune replenishing sleep, very difficult to be awakened 132 increased sympathetic NS activity. and may create more severe insomnia when it is discontinued. rapid eye movements. his parents insisted on counseling.and long-term consequences of each of those proposed alternatives. 50% of night in stage 2. She states that before going to bed she has a glass of wine to relax her. " the interpersonal stressor had obvious effects. When the police brought him home one evening because of curfew violation and disruptive public behavior. concrete alternative approaches/tactics for implementing the general strategy. possible consolidation of learning Will spend about 90 minutes in NREM stages. Evaluate the pro's and con's of those tactics. 5.[5. Would you recommend that she ask her doctor for a sedative or tranquilizer to help her sleep? Explain. nonsleep-related activity of reading a book distracts from perception of bed as a place only for sleep (and sex). A medication may cause daytime sleepiness. use of caffeine also distruptive. and going to bed at different times throughout the week. will sleep 7 hours on average. virtual body paralysis except for penile erections. 132 An adolescent male is brought into counseling by his parents because of trouble in school and at home. then select one general strategy for solving the problem. 7. Evaluate the short. Identify the possible contributing factors to this woman's dyssomnia. doesn't really care about anything. Take action to implement the chosen tactic. and while the teenager typically acts as though the event "was no big deal. return to step 2 or 5 and carry out the process again through step 7. 130 cont'd] REM — much like stage 1. if the problem remains. and the counselor notes that he appears to have low self-esteem. going through about 5 (4-6) stage cycles 5. Clearly define the problem by identifying major goals and relevant obstacles. However. Identify as many alternative solutions to the problem as possible. List several specific. She's tried such things like going to bed early and reading a book. Assess the effectiveness/usefulness of your actions. irregular bedtime disrupts sleep onset. has lost weight. increasing her intake of wine. ruminative cognitive process interferes with relaxation and unwinding. likely to be dreaming. It is discovered that 3 months have elapsed since the break-up. is likely to cause tolerance and dependence. so she drinks several cups of coffee throughout the day and evening. and then choose the one that looks most feasible. What diagnosis best fits the adolescent in this case? Adjustment disorder with mixed disturbance of emotions and conduct 133Describe the seven steps involved in effective problem-solving. she indicates that when she goes to bed she just cannot stop thinking about everything and now she thinks about how she is not sleeping. In the morning she is so tired that coffee seems to have no effect. 131 A woman seeks therapy because of insomnia. activity of norepinephrine suppressed in locus coeruleus. The boy reports that he hates school since he broke up with his girlfriend. Use of alcohol disrupts sleep. 133 . 184 mortality rates in later life b. state that psychological processes play a role in illness and prevention. about one third c. emphasize the contribution of social factors to the development of illness. C LEAST interest to you? App a. Which activity below would probably not Ans. and preventing illness. treating. p. evaluating programs to increase compliance with treatment for individuals undergoing chemotherapy developing psychological interventions that contribute to more effective treatment of hypertension designing safer treatments for cardiovascular disease and cancer 5Behavioral medicine is different from health psychology because behavioral Ans. 184 lower exposure to the HIV vims M b. E d. about ten percent * c. is interested in understanding. App b. Which activity below would be of Ans. C medicine Con a. you would NOT Ans. about five percent E b. C symptoms that have developed largely because of unhealthy behaviors such as Fac smoking and drinking? p. evaluating the association between breast cancer and socioeconomic class applying discoveries from biomedical research to develop a cure for AIDS understanding cognitions associated with high risk behaviors such as unprotected sex 4Dr. is an interdisciplinary field incorporating biomedical research. view physical illness as partially dependent on biological vulnerabilities.Chapter 6 PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AND HEALTH 6. focuses on the role of psychological and social factors in physical health. about thirty percent about sixty percent 3Imagine you are a health psychologist. follows a biopsychosocial model. 6If you were a proponent of the biopsychosocial model. B Fac p. place greatest emphasis on the biological causes and treatment of illness. D interest him in regard to his research endeavors? App a. 184 E What portion of patients who visit a physician do so because of physical symptoms caused by psychological distress? a. A a. about one fifth less than one tenth 2What portion of patients who visit a physician do so because of physical Ans. 185 c. 1 Ans. establishing relationships between negative affect in childhood and elevated p. developing and evaluating techniques for promoting behaviors linked with p. about one half b. 184-5 b. c. 184 a. 13 4 . Palmer is a health psychologist. p. was essentially the same as that popular during the Renaissance. 10 According to your text. the symptoms of heart disease can be brought on by negative affect. is similar to the view taken by modem behavioral medicine scientists. B illness below would you be least likely to fall prey to? App a. 12You were part of the group responsible for revising the category of Ans. C Fac p. when and where might you be Ans. D living? Con a. influenza 135 . 8If you emphasized the duality of mind and body. d. biological disease. ancient Greece c. Psychological factors are influential in virtually all diseases. 185 b. App b. not just a select * few. changes in the nature of disease in Western cultures. pneumonia p. p. b. Franz Alexander. p. 13If you were alive in the United States in the early twentieth century. heart disease is a natural. a Ans. late 19th century Vienna d.6. M c. 185 M The ancient Greeks held a view of the relationship between mind and body that a. d. c. 185 a. M b. 185 E a. D Con p. 11If you agreed with Sir William Osier. tuberculosis d. Sigmund Freud. the father of modern behavioral medicine is Ans. you would hypothesize that Ans. B student would include each of the following EXCEPT Con a. Aristotle. 7 Ans. It was changed to "somatoform disorders" to recognize the contribution of psychological factors to most diseases. Renaissance Europe 9 In a report of the historical influences on the rise of behavioral medicine. 185 c. A a. cancer c. c. conflicted with the views later expressed by Freud. and ills of the universe are reflected as illness of the heart. d. 12th century China p. the work of Sir William Osier in the early 1900s. Why did you decide to change the App category? p. 6. c. emphasized dualism. the symptoms of heart disease are brought on by carelessness. Its title overemphasized the role of psychological factors in some illnesses. * d. M d. which Ans. 185 b. the Renaissance dualism preserved in Freud's psychoanalytic theory. 186 b. "Psychophysiological disorders" was chosen instead because it more correctly identified physiological contributions to these disorders. the heart is the center of the universe. Sir William Osier. with few links to psychology. the rise of psychiatry in the late 1800s. B "psychosomatic disorders" for a new DSM. b. It explicitly and consistently specifies which disorders are medical and which are mental. 187 a. diseases of the heart and cancer p. "medical illnesses affecting psychological condition" on Axis I "endogenous major depression" on Axis II "diabetes-related depression" on Axis III 6. E b. even though he has nothing wrong. It directs clinicians to use multiple diagnoses to classify all the conditions that might apply to a given patient. somatoform disorder d. you would correctly diagnose App this client. involve minor medical conditions associated with severe psychological symptoms. 18 Jerry likes to go to the hospital and tell the doctors he has something wrong Ans. 17 In what way are somatoform disorders different from the "psychological factors Ans. in part. What App description best fits Richard? p. " 6. cancer and homicide cerebrovascular diseases and unintentional injuries 15 The DSM-IV tries to differentiate between mental and physical disorders in Ans. D his back in a fall from a ladder although his back is not injured. 186 b. somatoform disorder E b. malingering fraud 19 In order to collect workman's compensation.14As a health worker in recent years. 16 One of your clients has major depression that is caused primarily by long-term Ans. psychosomatic disorder E b. 6. B with him. A causes of death in the United States? App a. are the former diagnoses that are now listed under "mental disorders due to a general medical condition. He likes the attention he receives. what would you witness as the two leading Ans. factitious disorder c. diseases of the heart and homicide M c. It devotes one axis to general medical conditions that are related to a mental disorder. 187 disease. factitious disorder c. malingering 136 . 186-7 medical conditions. App What description best fits Jerry? p. c. Which item below is not one of them? Con a. Richard claims he has severely hurt Ans. It provides special rules for classifying mental disorders caused by drugs and p. A insulin-dependent diabetes. by including which of the following? p. 186 a. D three ways. appear to be caused exclusively by psychological factors with no physical p. d. A affecting medical condition" category? Somatoform disorders Fac a. M b. diabetes on Axis III b. apply to persons who are intentionally exaggerating their physical illnesses. Using the DSM-IV. 187 a. 20What was Franz Alexander's major contribution to health psychology? Ans. an aneurysm. and Matthew has M a. Which of the following is NOT a Ans. p. He helped identify and document the Type A behavior pattern and its connection to CHD. d. d. She has experienced App a. c. myocardial infarction 25Katrina was hospitalized after feeling as though her chest was being squeezed in Ans. 188 a. Bill's COPD and his drinking and depression could both be influenced by a common. angina pectoris. 22Jane is a very competitive individual. myocardial infarction also angina pectoris. What factor below is not likely to increase Jane's risk of illness? App a. 21Bill has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Biological and psychological factors independently influence the course of Bill's COPD. c. She likes gymnastic sports and is very Ans. 189 in serious heart damage. high blood pressure p. b. a stroke. leading to reform in later depictions of Con the psychophysiological disorders. the interactive relationship between Jane's aggressiveness and her p. underlying biological process. 188 b. a myocardial infarction. resulting p. an aneurysm E c. Matthew has a form of App CHD in which blood supply to his heart has been completely stopped. He proposed a link between emotional states and physical illness. Sometimes he becomes Ans. C aggressive. requiring her to gasp for every breath. B a vice. 189 b. . D likely consequence of his condition? App a. 189 b. 188 environment b. myocardial infarction vasocongestion 24Luca has a form of CHD that results from inadequate removal of carbon dioxide Ans. C a. a hypertensive induction. Bill's COPD itself can account for some changes in his psychological functioning. myocardial infarction. Which statement below does NOT App apply to this case? p. and he begins to drink excessively. c. angina pectoris c. an aneurysm * b. an aneurysm. D depressed. Psychological and social influences associated with unhealthy behaviors may E indirectly lead to or aggravate Bill's COPD. He wrote a critique of the first DSM. Luca has __. d. p. frequent physiological arousal under conditions of stress a tendency to view competitions as challenges rather than threats decreased social support 23Marvin was diagnosed with atherosclerosis. He proposed a link between classical conditioning and certain stomach E disorders. D from the blood in her heart and creates radiating pain. 13 7 . 26 Ans. p. 132/87 E c. 32A sample of 100 randomly selected black women over the age of 60 are Ans. 190 E 6. Bella.. d. a 42-year-old white male Hank has been diagnosed with high blood pressure. 121/82 113/74 29If Shandra's hypertension is typical. Rodney. his disease is caused by a. 60 d. It could lead to diabetes or other pancreatic problems if untreated. It is affected by levels of sodium in her body. 48 c. D App p. a 50-year-old white male b. a 64-year-old black female b. Her diastolic pressure is higher than her systolic pressure. If he is like most people Ans. D participating in a study of protective factors related to osteoporosis. A App p. 189 c. App b. half the risk two times the risk the same risk 28Mick. Leslie. Tom. Mitch. chronic levels of stress. a 37-year-old black male d. atherosclerosis. 190 a. B a. 25 E b. 189 a. 6. a 70-year-old white female c. How many App of these women would be expected to exhibit hypertension? p. 141/92 p. c. has average blood pressure. It has an identifiable organic cause. 30 Which of the following persons is most likely to have hypertension? Ans. A App p. 35 years old. no identifiable physical condition. Tony. B developing coronary heart disease compared to that for a male of European App descent? p. C belongs to him? App a. Which reading below probably Ans. b. 190 M * with this disorder. 189 b. 80 138 . 189 M Which of the following persons is MOST likely to have CHD? a. a 45-year-old Chinese American male c. What is his risk for Ans. excessive sodium intake. which characteristic applies? Ans. a 60-year-old black female * 27Sun Cho is a male of Mandarin Chinese heritage. one-fifth the risk E b. Ted. a 52-year-old black male d. 31 a. Sharon. E d. competitiveness chronicity of environmental stressors a family history of CHD and current levels of social support 139 . he will have a lower risk for developing arterial plaque. what would you predict about his heart function compared to other people? Due to the greater level of control he exercises in his environment. which group demonstrated the least arterial plaque? submissive monkeys in an unstable social group dominant monkeys in an unstable social group submissive monkeys in a stable social group dominant monkeys in a stable social group In a study involving manipulations of the social hierarchies of monkeys. stable hierarchies led to lower plaque levels for all the monkeys in that group. 's work. tends to be quite dominant in social settings. he will have a higher risk for developing arterial plaque. What has happened to Samantha? Blood vessels in her lungs have burst. If he has a genetic predisposition to CUD. Ogden? chronic essential hypertension time urgency. researchers discovered that life at the top was always related to lower levels of cardiovascular plaque buildup. In Manuck et al. he will have a higher risk for developing arterial plaque regardless of social setting. Mrs. a high level supervisor. aggressiveness. A clot or an aneurysm has occurred in her brain. unstable social hierarchies led to greater plaque buildup in dominant monkeys compared to monkeys in the other groups. Friedman and Rosenman. Andy. What are these physicians likely to look for in Mr. Andy feels pressured to let each new employee know "who's boss" to assert his control and authority.Samantha has been admitted to the hospital for a stroke. With frequent employee turnover in his division. Due to the greater level of responsibility he carries in his environment. A plaque-clogged artery has cut off blood flow in her heart. Due to the repeated disruptions in his work setting. unstable social hierarchies led to greater plaque buildup in submissive monkeys compared to monkeys in the other groups. disrupting blood flow. Ogden has dragged her husband to the office of Drs. Insufficient oxygen to her heart has caused severe pain in her chest. 's work with monkeys. causing unconsciousness. Based on Manuck et al. he will have a higher risk for developing arterial plaque. c. What personality type would some health psychologists say you p. 'workaholic' Type A persons?" c. Chronic physiological overarousal resulting in rapid hormonal changes could account for the personality-CHD connection. an unstructured clinical interview a structured clinical interview 40 What was the central finding from the Western Collaborative Group Study and Ans. 192 b. 42You are a graduate student working toward a Ph. Contrary to expectations. easily annoyed by Ans. d. diet. always seeking competitive activities. "What cognitive and social characteristics are associated with increased C cardiovascular reactivity to chronic stressors?" b. M b. Type B b. based on currently available information? p. there was a tendency in both studies for Type B individuals to have a slightly higher risk for CHD. 193 a. Millon Personality Inventory M c. 41 A student's report on the link between Type A personality and CHD could Ans. B Which of the following topics would be LEAST productive for your dissertation App research. Type A Irritable-Competitive Type 39 You have been asked to conduct an assessment of a client's Type A personality. 192 exhibit? E a. poor nutrition) contribute to the CHD risk associated with the Type A pattern?" d. anger. and other negative emotions may be more important in CHD than the "hurry sickness" behaviors. and are rarely satisfied by your App achievements. Varying measurements of Type A personality and cultural differences probably account for some contradictory research findings about that link. D. The majority of Type A individuals were to likely develop some form of CHD p. B the Framingham Heart Study? Con a. Hostility. cynicism.38You are often irritable. C events that delay the attainment of your goals. Ans. 6. About half of persons with Type A behaviors are likely to develop some p. Jenkins Activity Schedule p. D What assessment instrument should you choose? App a. "What psychological intervention is most effective for prevention of CHD in hurried. M b. Ans. and smoking were controlled for. impatient. Type A individuals were twice as likely as Type B individuals to develop some * form of CHD during each study. in health psychology. 192-3 form of CHD if they are in situations involving chronic interpersonal conflict. "How do unhealthy behavioral habits (e. The Western study found increased CHD in Type A individuals over an 8 1/2-year period while the 40-year Framingham study found little difference. g. 193 when family history. A include each of the following statements EXCEPT Con a. "What constellation of negative emotions are most strongly related to physiological overarousal and CHD risk?" 140 .. Type C c. smoking and lack of exercise M b. the chemotherapy drug whatever he ate the prior night classical conditioning 141 . Andy has Ans. Andy is p. stress and negative affect a reciprocal interaction between several factors 45 According to Dr. 196 b. Ans. Karen Matthews. behavioral medicine. Before George goes in for treatment he becomes nauseous. an unhealthy lifestyle c. 196 a. increased collaboration between psychologists and neurologists c. the development of new brain imaging systems p. smokes a pack of cigarettes a day. and is often cynical in her attitude. young adults identified on the basis of family history and behavioral risk p. M b. What is the App most likely cause of her health problems? p. creative novation therapy. according to current research? competitiveness and time urgency negative emotions such as hostility and cynicism substance use excessive ambition and drive 44Beth has high blood pressure. His only means of relaxation M are smoking and occasional excessive alcohol use. 193 preoccupied with success and accomplishment. D suffers from chronic headaches. and their families lower-SES families living in stressful urban environments 46 What changes in classical scientific thinking encouraged the development of Ans. D his illness. C successful health psychology interventions? Fac a. What is App the most likely cause of this nausea? p. He has been receiving chemotherapy for some time now for Ans. psychoneuroimmunology. In his work and personal life. who should be the targeted population for Ans. cyclophosphamide. is overweight. persons age 18 and older who exhibit high levels of negative emotions children in middle school and younger. App appearing edgy and nervous to others. 196 a. the realization that the brain and immune system are connected in important ways 47Pavlov's dogs were instrumental in demonstrating the principles of classical Ans. the biopsychosocial model. C conditioning. Ader and Cohen's rats were instrumental in showing the Con application of those principles to p. B little patience with others and typically feels a very strong time urgency. 194-6 a. changes in scientific funding from Congress d. his cancer b.43Andy is a cynic and is usually hostile and suspicious towards others. 48George has cancer. D psychoneuroimmunology to become possible? Fac a. 195 factors b. Which component(s) of Andy's behavior may be the MOST harmful to his cardiovascular health. A treat this disease effectively? App a. unconditioned stimulus 50When was the first case of AIDS diagnosed in the U. 1977 p. homosexual contact and intravenous drug sharing 142 . p. conditioned response b. what two modes of Ans. Why will it be very difficult to Ans. 197 b. What is the term for Mara's resulting M nausea? * a. 51 Myron contracted HIV-1 during a blood transfusion. 198 b. D have on Myron's body? App a. A smell by a nurse who wears shoes that make noisy squeaks when she walks. The side effects of treatment cause such severe anticipatory nausea that she will probably terminate treatment. she was putting an antibiotic on a cut when she heard someone p. 52 Vondra has just been diagnosed with AIDS. Like most people with HIV. It changes the way in which DNA controls cell growth. C year 2000. p. 1969 Fac b. App Today at home.49Mara has been treated with chemotherapy in a room with a strong antiseptic Ans. homosexual contact and heterosexual contact p. It causes autotoxic reactions in the endocrine system. 20 million E b. It alters the synthesis and action of several neurotransmitters in the brain. conditioned stimulus d. what number of people will be reported to have AIDS around the App world? p. E c. 196 squeaking across the wet kitchen floor. HIV can mutate into strains that are resistant to drug treatments. 1988 6. 53 If current predictions are correct. No drugs have been developed that have a physiological effect on HIV. 6. intravenous drug sharing and mother-child transmission * d. Vondra will probably have no symptoms and thus will not pursue treatment. 26 million 30 million 35 million 54As a health care worker in an African or Asian country. 1981 E d. M c. 197 c. when you are watching television news in the Ans. B HIV transmission would you be most concerned about? App a. S. What effect does this virus Ans. It destroys T cells in the immune system. 198 a. unconditioned response c. C a. 197 b. heterosexual contact and mother-child transmission M c. d. ? Ans. Erica. By the year 2000. homicide. young women. 198 a. 198 AIDS in HIV-positive individuals? M b. low-income blacks. Horst has conducted several psychological studies of HIV and AIDS. lack of effective birth control use c. 198 a. heterosexual contact b. a gay male in a long-term monogamous relationship App b. Jacobo. Asian American males. 198 M contributing to the AIDS epidemic. cancer. By what mechanism does cognitive restructuring prevent the development of p. homosexual contact poverty intravenous drug use 58Which of the following persons is at greatest risk for HIV infection? Ans. b. Karen is most likely to die as a Ans. Caryn. She Ans. 59 A psychologist is making a presentation about the central sexual problem Ans. Which of the following is App NOT among the factors that have been linked to that epidemic? p. 56As a female between the ages of 18 and 44. 57As a counselor at a local women's health clinic. Ans. 198 a. Do ruminative coping strategies predict decreased T cell counts in HIV positive females? 143 . AIDS. a 24-year-old IV heroin user M d. Martin. A Which of the following was probably NOT one of his research questions? App a. C a. A result of cancer. Have college students changed their "partying" activities (especially alcohol use) in response to the AIDS epidemic? c. D discovers that the number of AIDS cases is growing quickly in each of the App following groups EXCEPT p. a lesbian female from a middle class SES p. S. 198 c. sexual victimization M b. b. B infection is growing at an alarming rate for women. a 33-year-old heterosexual male 6. Hispanic adolescents. homosexual contact risky sexual practices 60Dr. cardiovascular disease. D App p. What would this problem be? a.55A sociologist is studying the growing incidence of AIDS in the U. it is predicted that the second most likely App cause of her death will be p. you are aware that HIV Ans. What cognitive factors increase the likelihood of adolescent males' use of condoms? d. 66Andrea's mother has just been diagnosed with breast cancer. pollutants in the environment. 67 What argument can be made for the relationship between cancer and Ans. 62 Cancer is directly caused by Ans. Fumiko. Fac b. 198 b. Type C personality has been shown to be highly correlated with cancer rates. CHD.. Andrea is correct to be concerned about App her own risk for several reasons.6. 198 E Camille has a disease in which disrupted cells are creating a metastasized growth in her body. a Hispanic female M c. second. leukemia. 198-9 b. 61 Ans. p. 2 p. a Chinese American male Corey. 198-9 forms of cancer. b. although is probably not one of them. emotionally blunted personality style. Several psychosocial factors. C a. 186. Neuropsychological factors are now known to be a primary cause of some p. C grandparents both died from cancer. the link between cancer and avoidable environmental hazards her own tendency toward Type C personality traits her smoking habit 6. a Japanese American female p. Clara. HIV. have been implicated in a higher risk for several forms of cancer. 199 b. such as unhealthy habits. You could suggest Ans. Fac a. B App p. A all of the following as effective measures EXCEPT App a. c. with 1 out of every Ans. In other words. D the other three? App a. D psychological factors? Con a. 4 third. avoiding radiation and other environmental hazards. p. psychological factors. 5 64Which of the following persons is somewhat more likely to develop cancer than Ans. b. The relationship between psychology and cancer exists only in regard to emotional reactions and adjustment after cancer develops. increasing his level of social support. second. cancer. the high prevalence of cancer b. she has a form of a. B Am ericans developing cancer at some point in her/his lifetime. 63 Cancer is the leading cause of death in the U. 144 . E c. E d. 3 E c. 198 c. 6. S. Wang. genetic tendencies passed on from one's parents. changing his overly conforming. a Black American male 65 Frederick is concerned about his risk for developing cancer. first. quitting smoking. and her maternal Ans. 199 a. cell mutations that lead to metastasized growth. dysfunction in biochemical processes such as immune functioning b. B c. income E d. B increase the risks of physical illness by Con a. Fac b.6. are a measurement of the average number of deaths due to poor health habits. 199 c. C SES families. C d. B a. Which of the following appears to be most important for App understanding the frequency of health problems in her patients? p. 199 b. 200 a. occupation p. a. 72Ms. c. How do patients cope with chronic negative emotion? b. D a. d. How often do patients engage in physical exercise? What negative life events have taken place in the last several months in the patients' lives? What signs of physiological reactivity are evident in patients? 145 . directly causing illnesses such as hypertension and CHD. 68 Ans. nutritional deficiencies and inadequate health care stressors and unhealthy behaviors lack of concern about health issues and greater physical risk-taking 73Dr. education Fac b. geographic location 71Standardized mortality ratios Ans. A b. poor nutrition. Sheng is a health psychologist who wants to investigate factors that Ans. middle SES patients. and treatment non-compliance. p. D contribute to the health problems of lower vs. D 69Which statement below does not belong? Personality and social factors can Ans. 199 c. are strongly negatively related to socioeconomic status. 200 a. Which of App the following questions is LEAST likely to lead to a productive answer? p. are highly dependent on a given study's definition of "SES class. have been found to be irrelevant for studies in health psychology. C Con p. 199 M * Empirical evidence is LEAST supportive of the link between the Type personality and physical illness. fostering maladaptive behaviors such as smoking. " M d. p. Fuentes is a registered nurse working in a community health clinic for low Ans. causing chronic changes in physiological reactivity. causing changes in immune system functioning and resilience. 70Which component below is not included in the measurement of your SES? Ans. Type B personality highlQ 76 Alicia is one of the "Termites" followed in a longitudinal study between 1921 Ans. cognitive restructuring. Fac a. d. and a support group. opportunities for social reinforcement and social connectedness. d. relaxation training. meditation. and who is widowed d. realistic recovery expectations. and her parents App divorced when she was 17. Goldberg provides in the group. who is high in conscientiousness and whose parents were divorced when he was 14 years old c. cognitive restructuring. Susan. who is high in conscientiousness and is happily married 6. whose parents were never divorced. Residents tend to be undereducated and thus would not adequately comprehend information Ms. Which of the following explanations is App probably NOT relevant? p. and coping skills training. p. who avoids smoking and drinking. * b. D for low-income housing residents. She has developed mild CHD and is unhappy in her marriage. She is at a substantially elevated risk of premature death. 77Which of the following "Termite" persons is expected to have the greatest Ans. meditation. c. Residents may not have sufficient time to attend the group meetings. Ricardo. behavioral modification. b. She never married but is at lesser risk of hypertension and strokes. A App p. c. Based on available data. what prediction would you p. and biofeedback. E c. 202 b. avoidance of smoking and drinking E c. She will respond MOST favorably to an intervention program that includes a. 202 C Nara has just undergone triple coronary bypass surgery. Tamara. 79Derrick has been diagnosed with CHD. She was described as impulsive at age 11. counseling focused on Derrick's sense of control over his life. Effective treatment will probably Ans. B and the early 1990s. Goldberg has found it extremely difficult to offer a smoking-cessation group Ans. emphasis on the worst-case prognosis for his disease as a motivational tool. Mark. D longevity? App a. and dietary management. 146 . who exhibits a moderate level of conscientiousness and whose p. b. nutritional counseling.74Ms. Their friends and neighbors may not encourage healthy habits such as smoking cessation. 202 b. C consist of a combination of each of the following techniques EXCEPT App a. 202-3 make about Alicia compared to other individuals in this study? M a. 202-3 parents were never divorced M b. individual therapy. conscientiousness p. 78 Ans. 200-1 a. " you find that Ans. A predicts a lower risk of premature death. Residents may be unaware of the health risks associated with smoking. 75If you investigate the life experiences of "Termites. She has significant health problems associated with alcohol use and smoking. 204 counseling. A frequent Type A behavior throughout their lives. What outcome is likely? a. behavioral rehearsal of self-control techniques to cope with risk-related situations 84Suppose Leon was in St. encouraging physicians to communicate to patients only the most optimistic prognoses for postoperative adjustment in order to foster optimism. 202 a. While Stephen is slightly less likely to have another heart attack than is Elston. slightly less likely to maintain sexual abstinence one year later. Arbuckle. M b. 147 . more likely to demonstrate improved immune system responsiveness. C reduction group. less likely to use intravenous drugs. providing financial bonuses to her physicians for limiting postoperative stays. M c. 202 experience excessive anxiety and distress. and both have exhibited Ans. the chief administrator of a regional hospital. App b. Recovery will occur more quickly if his physician Ans. 204 a. and Stephen also receives Type A-modification p. Elston is almost twice as likely as Stephen to have another heart attack. d. 204 b. Both are receiving App cardiological counseling. education and encouragement regarding condom use p. b. less likely to engage in unprotected intercourse. visits to hospitals to talk to people with AIDS caused by risky sexual M practices c. Lawrence et al. 82Stephen and Elston have both had a heart attack. but Stephen's Type A behaviors are unaffected due to their ingrained. assures him that he will have little or no pain and a rapid recovery. inflexible nature. wants to save Ans. 's (1995) 8-week HIV/AIDS risk Ans. (1989) to reduce gay men's high-risk behaviors associated with HIV/AIDS? Fac a. D money by reducing a primary source of surgical costs. Compared to a teenager in the other educational group. Leon App is p. learning how to resist partners' pressure to engage in risky behaviors d. Research in behavioral App medicine indicates that she should consider p. 81Dr. informs him about the course of the operation and is realistic about how he * will feel during recovery. tells him as little as possible about the postsurgical reactions so he will not p. Both men exhibit improved cardiovascular functioning and a reduction in Type A behavior patterns.80Jorge requires major surgery. C a. 83Which of the following interventions was not included in the attempts by Kelly Ans. providing individual supportive therapy to postoperative patients for several days to reduce risk of postoperative complications. Both men exhibit improved cardiovascular functioning. B et al. recommending that physicians provide realistic predictions for patients' experience of pain and other surgical aftereffects. prepares him for the worst by emphasizing unfavorable surgery outcomes and postoperative complications. both have more than a 40% recurrence risk. daily relaxation. Reya. antidepressant medication and social support. Kendra. a heterosexual male living in the inner city of Detroit C c. D an alarming rate. research described in the chapter suggests that she could increase p. the counseling-plus-Type-A modification program for heart attack patients c. 204-6 M * illness and disease. cognitive restructuring and assertiveness. B of HIV prevention programs in the community? App a. postnotification depression scores. 00 6. 40 p. Both a and b. the CBSM program for HIV positive gay men d. She is among a group whose AIDS risk is growing at Ans. +. 205 b. * b. If she is App HIV positive. which of the following programs included all three? a. safe sexual activities. 205-6 b. 90 Given the three components identified as crucial for a superior intervention in Ans. C She is meeting with a support group to prepare herself for the results. A between relaxation training and HIV-specific measures of immune competence? Con a. d. heterosexual white female living in Seattle Aaron. 204 b. a higher-SES. E c. 205 her immune response most importantly by M a. a Ans. +. D CBSM program creates reliable changes in participants' Fac a. all of the above 148 . D Con p. aerobic exercise. p. her lack of knowledge about HIV or its transmission. . 55 C c. -. Ans.85Which of the following persons is LEAST likely to alter her/his behavior as a result Ans. 88According to the University of Miami study of HIV positive individuals. 87Naomi has just taken a blood test to determine the presence of HIV in her body. 205 a. including her sexual choices. Each of the following might explain Hadiya's elevated risk App EXCEPT p. c. her fear that a partner will accuse her of infidelity if she asks him to use a M condom. Rick. the year-long intervention for women with metastatic breast cancer b. 08 d . c. her lack of income which leaves her unable to exert control over her life. HIV-specific measures of immune functioning. a middle-class lesbian female living in suburban Chicago p. the unsanitary living conditions around her. b. 89Which of the following correlations most closely approximates the relationship Ans. a gay male living in Philadelphia 86Hadiya lives in Africa. She will demonstrate greater antipathogen activity after 12 months of treatment. and freely express emotion. She will probably survive another three years after beginning the program. competitiveness. and unsafe sexual practices. thus increasing longevity and reducing recurrence of cancer. weekly group therapy is required for individual adherence to the full treatment regimen. multi-modal psychotherapy techniques can reduce or at least delay the incidence of cancer. 14 9 . self-hypnosis is important for reducing in women with metastatic breast cancer. reduce feelings of stress. decrease his risk-related behaviors such as overeating. Of the 50 patients in Eysenck and Grossarth-Maticek's creative novation therapy group. research replication is needed before any conclusions can be made about their efficacy in treating or delaying cancer. increase his assertiveness. She will report less emotional distress and a higher level of energy than will women who are not in the program.Melinda has metastatic breast cancer. learn self-hypnosis for control of pain and to support more adaptive problem-solving. the therapist will help him lower his blood pressure via reductions in hostility. drinking. which of the following outcomes is LEAST likely? She will report no increase in pain during the 12 months of treatment. about how many had died from cancer 13 years after the experiment began? 0 5 12 19 The results from research on creative novation therapy and other related psychological interventions indicate that Type C personality characteristics can be significantly changed. Whereas relaxation appears to be effective in improving immune system functioning in HIV positive persons. and anger. If she participates in a behavioral intervention program that includes training in selfhypnosis. pain depression antipathogen activity maladaptive coping efforts If Samuro is receiving therapy for his Type C personality. smoking. App a. C compliance with treatment involves painful procedures or side effects. c. sense of control c. 207 a. 6. Rudy uses to increase compliance. selective reward contract. contingency contract. environmental cues p. p. Cavaleri gives special coupons to Sally when she follows her prescribed diet and maintains her weight. 209 a. A take his antihypertensive medication. adherence monitoring. contingency contracting b. environmental cue contract. a contingency contract E c. This compliance p. C about the medications he must take to manage AIDS. B routine and dietary intake restrictions. 209 E * Dr. depressed mood b. a. b. contingency contract. 15 E b. 96 Ans. level of knowledge about a disease problem-solving strategies 97Duane does not completely follow the instructions given to him by his physician Ans. formal mutual arrangement. 101 For children whose medical illnesses require lengthy hospitalization and whose Ans. 207 b. 204-7 M A change in a patient's appears to be the most common ingredient in the various interventions discussed in this chapter. in return for which she would be able to App schedule her appointments at times most convenient for her. 38 50 62 98Rudy uses "post-it" reminders and sets the alarm on his watch to remind him to Ans. B Con p. Her pediatrician is using a(n) a. 100 Ans. environmental cues a token economy antiemetic drug therapy 15 0 . Sally can use the coupons to "buy" privileges and toys in the hospital canteen. a self-administered token economy external incentives 99Hannah's physician had her sign a written contract about her daily exercise Ans. which Con strategy would be most effective? p. D App p. token economy. token adherence agreement. 207 strategy is called a a. Duane is part of the App noncompliant group that comprises % of medical patients.6. Michi smokes cigarettes. c. C unhealthy eating. S. whose father died of a heart attack Harriet. 107For whom is the health belief model able to make the most accurate predictions? Ans. 102 Of the three techniques that comprise effective treatment interventions for Ans. d. Ans. Michael believes he is susceptible to HIV and is feeling pressured by friends and magazine ads describing the plight of AIDS patients. high-cholesterol diet will not result in CUD symptoms for p.6. A person is often pressured by family and friends to get regular checkups. 210 b. d. 350. Tyree's new job and the birth of his first child have put his daily gym visit low on his list of priorities. cognitive restructuring social support realistic expectations 103Experts have estimated that changes in tobacco. such as hypertension. an upper-SES woman with an above-average understanding of p. Jane's high-fat. and other controllable behaviors could prevent Fac deaths each year in the U. 105 The most influential theory about why people do or do not engage in healthy Ans. a middle-SES woman with a history of cancer in her family 151 . illegal drug use. 625. risk behavior model. c. B a. the necessary treatment will be E effective and short term. 425. A person understands the long-term effects of the unhealthy behaviors. medical novation theory. p. Adrian. 210 health issues c. 210 several years. alcohol. 000 104 Which description below does NOT represent an example of one of the challenges Ans. D behaviors is the Fac a. health belief model. p. a middle-SES man who completed a two-year technical college degree App b. risk/benefit cost model. 6. neither of whom developed lung cancer even though they lived past age 70 and smoked for many years. which produces few noticeable or distressing symptoms. 209-10 a. 106Under which condition below is a person MOST likely to alter an unhealthy Ans. such as smoking or excessive eating. B to health-promotion programs? Con a. A medical illnesses. A person anticipates that if they become ill. A person is diagnosed with a disease. 210 a. 000. M b. c. 000 1. p. d. Alameda. 000 1. which one is most effective for reducing the common side Fac effect of chemotherapy? p. stress-reduction training b. as did her parents. a man living in poverty and dealing with CHD. 000 b. A behavior habit according to the HBM? App a. Hans. 210 b. anger. 109 Ans. SHORT ANSWER 6. Subbiah wants to persuade his patient to adopt a weekly exercise regimen to address the patient's CHD. 110It has been three years since Miguela participated in the Stanford Heart Disease Ans. d. psychological factors. lack of a sense of control over environment (related to interpretation of stressors). competitiveness) & lack of conscientiousness. reductions in unhealthy eating habits. alcohol & other drug use. c.6.unstable. be strongly convinced in his own mind that the regimen will have a positive effect on the patient's functioning. Subbiah should a. what would App you expect to discover about her? p. give the patient written literature regarding the pro's and con's of this treatment recommendation and encourage an objective decision. Why does adoption of this model encourage the deletion of "psychosomatic disorders" as a separate DSM category? An illness does not have a sole cause but is affected by biological vulnerability. b. For at-risk residents of Watsonville. B Prevention Program. racism and discrimination. 152 . negative emotions (hostility. She is more likely to exercise on a regular basis and monitor her diet. 208 E * If Dr. b. Dr. gender-role related stresses. C App p. urban areas. 208 a. 111 Explain how the biopsychosocial model applies to health psychology's understanding of illness. mass media and intensive oneon-one counseling were effective in leading to a. She has returned to the level of risky behaviors she exhibited prior to the M program. b. encourage the patient to engage in the regimen even if it has little chance of affecting the patient's long-term prognosis. inadequate problem-solving skills. lack of education. If she received the dual-focus intervention. These could include the following: 1) psychological factors -. giving several examples of the latter two components of that model. outline the worst-case scenario to the patient to create anxiety that will motivate treatment compliance. reductions in cigarette smoking. increases in regular physical exercise. inadequate access to health care. The DSM deleted the psychosomatic disorders category because it is recognized that psychological factors have a role to play in virtually all diseases and that most diseases can be prevented or substantially ameliorated by psychological interventions. 108 Ans. 2) social conditions -. California. d. A Fac p. c. increases in medication compliance. lack of exercise. lack of social support. She is similar to the average person from either of the other two cities in regard to her level of knowledge and risk. 211 C 6. poor diet. stress-producing environments such as crowded. and social conditions. unsafe sexual behavior.risky behaviors such as cigarette smoking. She has maintained a reduction in her cigarette smoking for the last 3 years. failure to use a condom. Friedman & Rosenman: identified the Type A behavior pattern that has become the most extensively studied psychological risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Type B individuals. support for greater economic independence to reduce subjection to sexual coercion or commercialized sex 153 . this reactivity is most evident. generate competitiveness. 1910 lecture set forth ideas about heart disease that have been supported by modem researchers. 114 In regard to the AIDS epidemic. Sir William Osier. ? b) which three groups in the U. Franz Alexander. a) which two groups have the highest risk of AIDS in the U. or involve criticism. sharing of needles 115 Given the alarming increase in the incidence of HIV and AIDS in heterosexual women in many developing nations.6. including greater access to female condoms and vaginal microbicides. have AIDS cases growing at a particularly fast pace? c) what two modes of transmission are most common in African and Asian countries? d) what four high-risk behaviors increase exposure to the disease? gay males and intravenous drug users low-income Black Americans. and Friedman & Rosenman important in the history of health psychology? Aristotle: encouraged a monistic approach to understanding the relationship between mind (soul) and body. When these stressors are related to interpersonal conflict. what pattern emerges? When encountering a stressor. its transmission. insisted that psychological factors were important in understanding physical illness. 6. Type A's demonstrate physiological reactivity in terms of faster heart rate and higher diastolic and systolic blood pressure than Type B's do. Psychosomatic Medicine. Osier: considered the father of behavioral medicine. while his original ideas are not empirically supported. S. a mutually-reinforcing pattern of negative emotions and reactivity may account for some of the CHD risk exhibited by Type A persons. S. a chronic pattern of hostility can engender higher levels of cardiovascular reactivity. and heterosexual women heterosexual contact and mother-child transmission excessive use of alcohol/other drags prior to sexual activity. 6. 112 Why are Aristotle. suggested that specific unconscious conflicts caused certain illnesses. Given that these situations also tend to generate hostility and anger. Alexander: in his 1950 text. supporting what would become the biopsychosocial model for the modem field. 113 When data regarding negative emotion is combined with research on the physiology of Type A vs. sex with multiple partners and/or partners with unknown sexual histories. thus. the role of certain negative emotional states have been connected to various illnesses. Hispanic adolescents. and related risk behaviors. what intervention strategies have been proposed to reduce their risk? Education regarding HIV. reduction in sexual abuse victimization and support for women to take greater control over their sexual lives. i. what they think about the treatment for the disease. if substantially changed. 118 Dr. The delayed consequences for unhealthy behaviors are essentially meaningless to many individuals. how severe they think the disease would be for them. abuse of alcohol & other drugs. each year? use of tobacco. and risky sexual practices 6. whether they are motivated by external cues/pressures 154 . Give at least two examples of each of those components. stress-reduction: cognitive and/or muscle relaxation training. but she is surprised that so many of her patients also seem uninterested in maintaining healthy behaviors. they are psychologically irrelevant in the present moment. The response to the second question should demonstrate that the student has addressed the following issues: degree to which they believe they personally are susceptible to the disease. reductions in risky behaviors. development of a greater sense of control over the disease as well as control related to treatment compliance. 6. social support: offer 1 & 2 above in a group setting. then. failure to obtain or comply with necessary medical treatment. might prevent half of the deaths in the U. only slightly affect a given individual's morbidity risk. unhealthy eating habits.answer should address each of the three components below. hypnosis (including self-hypnosis). provide tangible aid if needed. or meditation. 119 In your life now or in the future. No specific modal response predictable -. the severity of a potential illness. the less the impact. Bate is a new family practice physician. what unhealthy behaviors might increase your risk of cardiovascular illness? How could you apply the health belief model to the probability that you might change these behaviors? No modal response available for the first question. cognitive restructuring: training in effective problem-solving.6. the longer the delays. Many people with unhealthy behaviors do not develop a related disease or illness. biofeedback. 116 Describe a hypothetical intervention for ovarian cancer that includes each of the components necessary for a successful program. e. S. She was told in medical school that patients would often be noncompliant with treatment. and thus while outcomes may eventually be extremely aversive. whether they are bothered by internal cues. encourage interactions with family and friends. and level of discomfort caused by internal and external cues are also factors in whether people change their risky behaviors [with these components comprising the health belief model]. provision of realistic information about prognosis and effects and side-effects of treatment. Offer her some ideas that might help her understand her patients' apparent lack of concern. role modeling via interaction with patients who have undergone prescribed treatment. with at least two applications of the associated techniques: 1. 117 What are the six behavioral risk factors that.. the nature of its cost and effectiveness. An individual's beliefs about their own susceptibility. infrequent use of seatbelts. her/his view toward treatment. Changes in lifestyle make long-term adherence difficult due to its inconvenience and to changes in day-to-day priorities. c. Her disorder. p. He will Ans. If they are representative of the larger population. physiologically. adaptive response to threat. obsessive-compulsive disorder 15 5 .Chapter 7 ANXIETY DISORDERS 1Fear is a primitive. panic disorder E c. social phobia * d. then. 216 b. In App other words. but not necessarily App a. 216 a. d. somatoform disorders. p. B express these emotions in several channels. mood disorders. 217 b. A pervasive. p. intense. A commonly committed error is that of assigning two Axis I diagnoses to one person. 216 b. cognitively. population. anxiety b. c. would fall under the category of App a. There is a frequent occurrence of comorbidity among these disorders. B epidemiological survey. 12 17 25 33 4Ennis is in a situation causing him to experience both fear and anxiety. D reflects what characteristic of anxiety disorders? App a. substance abuse and dependence disorders. 216 b. Jason has a(n) disorder. This Ans. generalized anxiety p. 5 Stella has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety as well as panic disorder. App approximately are experiencing an anxiety disorder or have done so in the p. behaviorally. Jason's level of fear. anxiety disorders. neurotic affective maladaptive fear 2Duretha has a kind of mental disorder that occurs with greatest frequency in the Ans. C anxiety disorders. however. uncontrollable. S. 216 past 12 months. interpersonally. Diagnostic criteria overlap so extensively that reliable diagnosis is difficult. B U. Which of the following would this be? App a. and interferes with his day-to-day activities. a. Many anxiety disorders begin as generalized anxiety and then develop more M specific symptomatology. 6 Dr. 3 A random sample of 100 community residents has been asked to participate in an Ans. p. d. Seshachari is treating a client who is diagnosed with one of the most common Ans. is Ans. 7 Ans. 217 a. neurotic either a or b 11 When Natalie is feeling anxious what part of her life will she be most concerned Ans. 217 b. depressed. the present E c. Edgar spends a great deal Ans.7. b. C about. The counselor also told him that roughly 1 out of every 11 adult App males experiences this disorder at some point in their lives. unconscious threat. How might you most accurately describe his emotional state? App a. guilty. c. and unhappy. A several hours. Fac b. d. A anxiety disorder. internal. C a. according to Barlow? App a. according to Freud. agoraphobia and generalized anxiety. anxious p. obsessive-compulsive disorder and panic disorder. the past p. 217 a. D App p. Keith is more likely than Lynette to experience a. M d. is a Ans. 156 . 217 c. 8 Kale is seeking treatment for symptoms that his counselor describes as a type of Ans. you would App describe Edgar as p. the two least commonly occurring anxiety disorders are Ans. future-oriented foreboding or apprehension. obsessive-compulsive disorder. Based on prevalence data. panic disorder and social phobia. If you were Freud. 217 E Lynette and Keith are fraternal twins. anxiety. repressed unconscious conflict. comorbid. 10A vague sense of impending doom or catastrophe has been bothering Aaron for Ans. interpersonal conflict or threat. b. c. a specific phobia. These differ depending on gender. fearful M c. 217 b. the future all three equally 12 Because he never lived up to his parents' expectations. p. generalized anxiety specific phobia obsessive-compulsive disorder 9Of the following. D of time feeling nervous. p. A signal of Con a. neurotic. 13If fear is a signal that there is an external threat. posttraumatic stress disorder. What disorder is this? p. 217 b. none of the above. social phobia b. having generalized anxiety. a white male App b. a son of the god of war. trauma 18One week after the crash of TWA flight 800. 218 E The text describes anxiety disorders as a fundamental disturbance in that is then shaped into particular patterns by . a divorce from his wife of 15 years. It is fitting. a Hispanic female p. Ana. Sara. agoraphobia p. Monica had to fly overseas on Ans. 218 b. cognitive processes biology. learning and culture b. neurotic somatoform anxiety depressive 15Evolutionary theory hypothesizes that a 5-month-old infant should possess the Ans. B rejection by his best friend. she felt her heart racing and her palms App were sweating. learning and culture 17War is unquestionably a source of threat. somatization. stress d. neurotic phobia E d. 217 repression. B a. anxiety. a. p. Don is harboring a great deal of repressed anxiety. 218 c. learning experience. 7. phobia p. Don will develop a(n) disorder as a result of this p. D business. a black male M d. conditioning. cognitive processing. social phobia Con b. material phobia specific phobia obsessive disorder alarm reaction 19Which of the following persons is most likely to be diagnosed with a phobia? Ans. 16 Ans. Trevor. a. 218 b. 218 c. that the term Ans. A comes from the name of a Greek deity. C a. then. behavioral responding. As she boarded her own flight. C capacity for Con a. c.14After several business failures. and she had vivid pictures in her mind of her plane going up in p. 20 Which of the following disorders does not belong with the other three? Ans. fear. Lou. App According to Freud. D Fac p. anxiety c. a white female 7. and Ans. d. Fac a. specific phobia 157 . 217-8 flames. What label would you give this reaction? a. biology c. M c. traumatophobia. App terrified by the sight of the needle. 218 b. 218. social phobias. a 5-year-old male. What type of fear is this? M a.21Roughly what proportion of the population has either a true specific phobia or Ans. onset prior to age 16. A phobias have each of the following characteristics EXCEPT Con a. specific phobias. App b. belonephobia. According to the text. Leanne becomes very agitated and Ans. one quarter c. D has a fear of exposure to blood. this App is probably MOST accurately described as a fear of p. p. Which of the following is most likely? App a. M c. one half d. musophobia * b. hematophobia. A intense. 25 Many individuals with hematophobia. an adaptive fear. p. agoraphobic symptoms. enclosed spaces. has a phobia that is among the most commonly Ans. 9 b. embarrassment. 26Yuan has an irrational fear which has prevented him from seeking employment in Ans. she has App a. 158 . She screams when the nurse tries to administer routine vaccinations. B occurring specific phobias. nyctophobia c. specific fears that fall short of diagnostic criteria? Fac a. one fifth 22 Every time her parents take her for a checkup. one third p. M b. If she Ans. impairment in health. 219 c. ephidiophobia C c. hematophobia p. brontophobia claustrophobia 24Ms. sangephobia. 219 a. B any office that is more than one story above ground. nyctophobia. and similar Ans. heights. 219 b. falling. p. a tendency to faint when exposed to the stimulus. C scared. C a. Lok is a registered nurse working on a unit with HIV-positive patients. E d. simple anxieties. disruptions in daily functioning. belonephobia tonitrophobia 23 Tani. 219 b. Her health is in jeopardy due to her p. 218 unwillingness to take the shots. 27 Tamar's irrational fears and avoidance of heights and of elevators are types of Ans. c. cognitive c. his last class required App for graduation requires a 20-minute presentation. He is seriously reconsidering p. agoraphobia situational specific phobia acute stress reaction social phobia 29Micki's friends don't understand why Micki never goes out to dinner with them. The biological preparedness associated with specific phobias is culture* specific. Dr. 32 Which of the following persons is most likely to exhibit TKS? Ans. Naum has always avoided classes in which any kind of oral Ans. d. If he has symptoms of a social phobia. However. Japan. Nowital is convinced that the App client is afraid of her own unrecognized desire to have an incestuous relationship p. D presentation or class participation was required. a Japanese male 33 Dr. 28 A college senior. What is Dr. D a. she would humiliate herself. Ans. B a. Botan. A won't go to a movie. 31 Minoru lives in Hiroshima. Frank. 220 b. Fac b. Umeko. 220 does she appear to have? a. generalized social phobia specific phobia posttraumatic social disorder agoraphobia 30Which of the following statements regarding phobias is CORRECT? Ans. a Black American female App b. 7. Nowital is working with a client with a social phobia including intense anxiety Ans. a Japanese female p. Nowital's perspective? E a. revealing his own flaws and insecurities. What disorder p. A when meeting members of the opposite sex. and doesn't like to meet new people. Social phobia is a type of culture-general disorder. leaving himself open to others' ridicule about his personal mannerisms. p. Agoraphobia is a type of culture-specific disorder.. The symptoms associated with social phobia are culture-general. 7. being embarrassed by negative comments after making a public presentation. What disorder does this reflect? a. psychoanalytic * b. Dora. he is Ans. behavioral d. Micki is sure App that if she did any of these things. C probably MOST concerned about App a. offending another person by his public behaviors. 220 c. a White American male d. p. E d. social learning 159 . 220 whether he wants to complete his degree. 220 with her father. 220 c. Inside. p. A of a rabbit was repeatedly paired with a loud. Wolpe Freud. Seligman 160 . a young infant. 221 a. direct conditioning inherited anxiety sensitivity 36 Little Albert. oral p. Freud. noisy dogs. Freud Kendler. A wonder about her relationship with her father. UR p. Deidre has failed Ans. modeling E c. What causal factor would John Watson Ans. would wonder how often App Ekaterina has seen such dogs on television and in the books her parents read to her. by presenting the CS without the US C b. C emphasize in understanding her fear? App a. Which of the following is NOT one of those pieces? Fac a. B the classical conditioning process represents Albert's rabbit phobia? Con a. D incomplete. While would Ans. learned to fear and avoid white rabbits after the sight Ans. CR C c. Con a. Bandura b. the influence of vicarious conditioning and modeling M c. B to successfully resolve the stage of psychosexual development. According to Freud.34Deidre has an incapacitating snake phobia. 39 Six year old Ekaterina has a phobia of large. which element of Ans. by presenting the NS without the CS by presenting the UR without the CR by removing the CS 37 In the example from the previous question about Little Albert. phallic C c. In Con classical conditioning terms. the failure to document the generalization of traumatic fear reactions 7. the difficulty in extinguishing phobias by simple non-threatening exposure p. differences in "prepared" and "unprepared" stimuli as fear elicitors * d. 220 b. Watson. startling noise made behind him. 221 b. how would deconditioning be achieved? p. 220 b. unresolved unconscious conflicts p. 221 b. 220-1 a. NS CS 38Several pieces of evidence have indicated that Watson's explanation for phobias is Ans. latency castration 35 Deidre has an incapacitating snake phobia. dopamine c. agoraphobia. B most phobias in humans? Fac a. M c. d. 222 b. which Ans. What process p. They are more likely to be concordant for Ans. A low in her brain. 221 accounts for Carlos' phobia as an adult? a. 222 c. C in the house or out in the yard. Norepinephrine activity increases in his brain. p.40As a young child. Carlos watched his mother scream any time a spider was found Ans. DZ twins who have a relatively high level of GABA in their limbic systems. DZ twins who have a relatively low level of GABA in their neocortexes. 43 Martin is a tightrope walker in the circus. Either a or c could apply. 222 a. p. who are DZ twins. 222 b. specific phobias. GABA activity increases in the brain. If he nearly falls off the wire. p. What neurotransmitter may be unusually Ans. All of the above. App a. 44Deidre has an incapacitating snake phobia. thalamus M b. environmental experiences c. App b. diazepine 45Johnny just observed a traumatic incident with a schoolmate that will result in Ans. E c. MZ twins who have a relatively high level of GABA in their limbic systems. 42 Which of the following twin pairs would probably be most concordant for a phobia? Ans. MZ twins who have a relatively low level of GABA in their limbic systems. What brain structure is MOST App clearly implicated in this early phobic response? p. B a. 222 b. He vividly remembers her hysterical reaction when App she found one in her shoe while getting dressed one morning. genetic makeup Current research does not provide an answer to this question. leading to excessive limbic system activity? App a. 222 b. C neurological response is most likely to help him calm down? App a. serotonin d. social phobias. hippocampus amygdala corpus callosum 46 Which of the following factors appears to be primarily responsible for triggering Ans. GABA p. C Johnny's avoidance of needles for the next 12 years. D than are Evan and Emily. The amygdala triggers activity in the adrenal gland. biological preparedness p. 161 . operant conditioning direct conditioning modeling stimulus generalization 41Martin and Melody are MZ twins. C finding is MOST likely in regard to an observer monkey? App a. construct an anxiety hierarchy. 222 b. direct conditioning E c. obsessive-compulsive disorder. a phobic disorder. graded exposure 7. provide unconditional positive regard and empathy. 223 M * a client with social phobia you would a. It is not possible to make a prediction because this research has not been replicated. posttraumatic stress disorder. 223-4 c. As a result. an observer monkey will develop a similar fear.47Which of the following stimuli would most likely be included in the Ans. Bandura has treated 100 clients who suffered from a specific Ans. 223 E If Dr. elevators p. B App p. anxiety sensitivity cognitive 49 A demonstrator monkey is displaying a fear reaction to a plastic toy car. d. in your treatment plan for Ans. D phobia. 7. 53 Joseph Wolpe is your clinical supervisor. p. cognitive restructuring p. Approximately how many clients responded well to treatment? App a. c. Friere wants to maximize her chances of therapeutic success with a client. c. 223 b. 83 91 52 Which of the following does not belong with the other three? Ans. Dr. explore the unconscious origins of the client's social fears. A App p. participant modeling Con b. subways E c. d. 162 . 51 In the past year. b. she should treat someone with a. B a. an observer monkey will not develop a similar fear. Fac a. 50 Ans. After many exposures. 66 E c. 222 b. 222 b. generalized anxiety disorder. D preparedness theory of phobias? Con a. Despite repeated exposure. A studies has provided clearest support for the theory of phobias. Which Ans. injections darkness 48The behavior of demonstrator and observer monkeys in Mineka and colleagues' Ans. b. an observer monkey will develop a similar fear. systematic desensitization E d. 45 p. preparedness p. c. After one exposure. combine in vivo exposure with modeling. What process has she gone through? a. His treatment success will not generalize to in vivo situations without p. presentations of a US of decreasing intensity Con b. graduated exposure c. flooding 16 3 . C a. What is the first step to take? App a. Train Luella in muscle relaxation. "A cartoon drawing of a snake" and "having a snake Ans. p. M b. modeling d. A phobia of cats. but as she sits in her seat during App actual takeoff as part of her third therapy session. cognitive restructuring 58What classical conditioning process underlies graduated exposure therapy? Ans. D need to quickly overcome her fear of flying. graded exposure scale. fear provocation hierarchy. His underlying sense of self-efficacy has been enhanced. M Celine begins to feel more calm. 224 horrible mistake. Construct a fear hierarchy. one presentation of an intense CS followed by gradual relaxation 59 Celine's sympathetic nervous system is sending her intense fear messages. 224 additional exposure procedures. c. d. covert desensitization c. Which of the following descriptions is INCORRECT? App a. after two hours. c. 224 b. 56 Jules has successfully completed the process of systematic desensitization for his Ans. repeated presentation of a moderately intense CS p. B technological evolution of virtual reality? Fac a. Once her sympathetic nervous system becomes fatigued. Expose Luella to nonfearful role models. anxiety hierarchy. her fear has subsided completely. she wonders if she's made a p. participant modeling d. M c. D wrapped around my shoulders" are the two extreme points on his App a. systematic distress scale. however. systematic desensitization p. 223 b. 55Sergei has a phobia of snakes. His treatment was relatively time consuming. sadistic psychotherapy with an unethical charlatan b. He was able to maintain feelings of relaxation and calmness while imagining * the most threatening item on his hierarchy.54Luella's therapist has recommended that they employ systematic desensitization to Ans. presentations of a CS of increasing intensity d. 224 c. C help Luella overcome her fear of flying. 223 b. She did Ans. p. Enhance the client's self-efficacy. 57Which psychological treatment technique is MOST likely to benefit from the Ans. B crawl on the table near him and then letting them crawl over his hand. collecting honey with a trained beekeeper. graduated exposure. M b. participant modeling. the other does not. 61 A therapist has decided to employ participant modeling to treat her client who has Ans. 225 a. generalized anxiety c. helps collect honey with a trained beekeeper. in vivo modeling. Later. an anxiety neurosis an agoraphobic reaction a neurotic fear 65Marco has an anxiety disorder that sometimes leaves him feeling out of touch with Ans. 62Antonia's therapist is helping her overcome her phobia of ants by letting the insects Ans. 224 b. had trouble breathing. 225 bees. etc. panic disorder agoraphobia obsessive-compulsive disorder 16 4 . the sound of bees. The client will be exposed to in vivo stimuli such as pictures of bees. B reality and somehow detached from his sense of self. She felt a choking sensation. immediate vs. agoraphobia p. etc. D disorders. generalized anxiety disorder b. etc. A dizzy and nauseous. 225 b. was Ans. 63 What the DSM-II referred to as anxiety neurosis is now divided into several Ans. A desensitization and graduated exposure? Con a. What has she experienced? p. gradual exposure c. These experiences come on App rather suddenly and for no apparent reason. a panic attack b. panic d. in vivo exposure p. What disorder is likely? p.7. C apiphobia (fear of bees). The client will learn relaxation techniques modeled by the therapist and then imagine pictures of bees. The client will imagine the therapist watching a bee on a flower. Antonia moves closer and ultimately lets the ants crawl on her shoe. d. b. while App p. imagined vs. Which of the following would be part of that treatment? App a. phobia 64 Nashota had a terrifying experience today. c. 60 Which of the following reflects an important difference between systematic Ans. One includes modeling. The client will observe as the therapist watches a bee on a flower. 225 E * Antonia observes from a safe distance. One is clearly more effective than the other. desensitized flooding. Which one does not belong? Fac a. This is known as a. 225 a. sounds of p. and thought she was going absolutely App crazy. etc. a male living in Italy p. 4 c. D disorder? App a. Panic disorder and agoraphobia are distinct. Gwenyth is at risk for a comorbid App diagnosis of p. social phobia obsessive-compulsive disorder depersonalization agoraphobia 68Which of the following statements is best supported by research? Ans. 227 b. C Con p. Fac a. 226 that frequently occur together. a Hispanic male M d. 226 C Dr. S. bipolar disorder. 2. Su Lin. schizoid personality disorder. c. an Asian male living in the U. Both panic disorder and agoraphobia are usually a result of substance abuse disorders. A a. A a. What disorder is most likely? a. Gordeeva's neighbors think it very odd that she never leaves her house. Fac b. germs. Gretchen. Tsukahara specializes in the treatment of the phobia most commonly seen by clinicians. fear of a panic attack fear of open spaces 67 Mrs. D agoraphobia) are as high as percent in the U.. S. ) c. 66 Ans. obsessive-compulsive disorder. 227 a. substance abuse. Agoraphobia virtually always occurs with a history of panic disorder. 70Estimates of the lifetime prevalence of panic disorder (with or without Ans. 226 and has never been the same since. 69Gwenyth has agoraphobia with a history of panic attacks. fear of public humiliation or embarrassment b. The Ans. a female living in Germany 72For whom is sleep paralysis most likely to be a symptom of panic disorder? Ans. Michelle. 5 p. The majority of severe panic disorder cases include agoraphobia. but rumor App has it that she had some kind of "attack" once when she was by herself at the mall p. 6. Kenesha. etc. Consuela. relatively independent disorders p. 227 c. d. Rodrigo. a white female 16 5 . a black female App b. What is the central underlying fear in this disorder? a. 9 71Which of the following persons is MOST likely to be diagnosed with panic Ans. a Hispanic female p. 8 d. a female living in Hong Kong M c. In addition to the Ans. Marcell. B psychosocial dysfunction posed by this disorder. 227 b. M b. fear of contamination (dirt. Whitney. D neighbors have heard that there is nothing physically wrong with her. later fears of abandonment and interpersonal losses may lead to an anxiety Fac disorder.. 9 d. will experience agoraphobia at Ans. B monkeys. 73 Roughly what percentage of persons in the U. aggressive behavior p. D needs. resulting in her chronic fears of App abandonment. One psychological theory predicts that she will develop p. B some point in their lives? Fac a. Danton has just stimulated the locus coeruleus of one of his rhesus Ans. 6 c. What result is most likely? App a. This represents the explanation of agoraphobia. 5 74 If parents do not adequately fulfill an infant or child's physical and emotional Ans. LC hypersensitivity b. 228 b. 229 a. temporal lobe hypothalamus 77 Dr. A of panic disorder. a decrease in sympathetic nervous system activity * d. C unresponsive to her needs and feelings. S. C to panic symptoms. interoceptive misperception perception of control GABA 166 is also . researchers recognize that the role of Fac critical in understanding this disorder. cognitive interoceptive object relations 75Deanna's parents were emotionally distant during her childhood and Ans. 228 when she experiences later interpersonal loss. Freudian b. a panic-like reaction M c. 228 a. 228 b. p. a social phobia posttraumatic stress disorder agoraphobia obsessive-compulsive disorder 76 Dr. 228 b. p. 5 p. amygdala M c. compulsive motor behavior 78Because actual intake of carbon dioxide and sodium lactate is often unrelated Ans. locus coeruleus p. Robinson is employing animal models in order to understand the physiology Ans. 12. 3. What area of the brain is she most likely to study? App a. a. primary secondary 83 Which of the following treatments is considered LEAST effective for panic disorder Ans. resolution of unconscious conflicts d. D threats such as major life stressors. graded interoceptive exposure p. 230 b. autonomic hypersensitivity. In other words. anxious apprehension.79An anxiety-disordered patient has been asked to hyperventilate as part of his Ans. 229 a. false alarms. What disorder is present? App a. the counselor App is trying to reduce Herb's p. the fear and physiological arousal associated with a specific phobia p. A a. Instead. 82 Mr. relaxation and graded interoceptive exposure 84 Majel's counselor is using interoceptive exposure to reduce some symptoms Ans. what sort of alarm is this? p. learned alarm. C and agoraphobia? Con a. correction of chronic misinterpretation of benign bodily experiences E d. he thinks he is beginning to experience App another panic attack. somatic obsession. posttraumatic stress disorder 80Carmelita's autonomic nervous system is predisposed to overreact to environmental Ans. He is unaware that he is breathing rapidly and Ans. A misinterpretation that causes his anxiety disorder. 231 c. false alarm. B therapy to help him identify anxious apprehension states. learned * c. 229 a. Nguyen is working at his desk. education about overreacting to and catastrophizing physical sensations Fac b. B is in danger of hyperventilating. medication c. D associated with Majel's anxiety disorder. cognitive restructuring p. panic disorder c. M b. primary alarm. agoraphobia p. Her experience of a panic attack under this App circumstance is referred to as a(n) p. false M b. 231 b. obsessive-compulsive disorder d. M b. What is the focus of this intervention? App a. According to Barlow. breathing retraining 167 . anxious apprehension. 229 b. 229 a. 81Herb's counselor is helping him break the self-perpetuating cycle of somatic Ans. intrusive thoughts that have been influenced by early family experiences that M cause obsessions irrational anxiety-generating cognitions benign physical sensations that trigger panic symptoms 85 Which of the following components is unique to panic control treatment? Ans. cognitive-behavioral therapy b. By the end of the day. you would expect Toby to conclude Con that is most effective. He is so worried about acting out this App behavior that he will not leave his house. Valium: facilitates binding of GABA Con b. B profanity and obscenities at strangers. anafranil alprazolam Prozac 87Which drug and its biochemical action are incorrectly paired? Ans. compulsion obsession anxious apprehension none of the above 90 Gerald is experiencing ego-dystonic images of standing up in public and shouting Ans. D have left the coffee pot on and that the appliance could finally overheat and start App a fire. irresistible impulse M b. 231 a. D a. 232 a. Tofranil: blocks norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake p. A panic disorder. 65 d. Prozac: blocks serotonin reuptake M d. B intended to neutralize or suppress their intrusive thoughts? Fac a. he's convinced himself that he actually did turn the p. Xanax: slows the decomposition of norepinephrine * 7. Based on your own reading. and may cause physical dependence. What best describes his situation? p. anxiolytic drug treatment antidepressant drug treatment a combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication 89Anselmo and his family are on vacation. 231 c. imipramine M b. obsession agoraphobia compulsion 91Approximately what percentage of persons with OCD engage in some sort of action Ans. 232 pot off. p. Which of the following terms describes his concern? a. 80 c. What drug might she be App taking? p. 232 a. poor Ans. C motor coordination. 100 p. 232 b. 88 Toby is reviewing research that has evaluated various treatment approaches for Ans.86Cora is taking a medication for an anxiety disorder that is causing drowsiness. He finds himself worrying that he may Ans. 50 168 . b. The group clients' compulsions are more responsive to medication treatment. The thoughts are restricted to the depression disorder. repetitive thoughts into C his mind that he is infected with AIDS Motega. A two pairs of surgical-quality gloves when she leaves her house. There is no evidence that she engages in compulsive behavior. who believes his father is putting frightening. Roshma. The OCD clients do not derive short-term pleasure from their compulsive M activities. obsessions 94Which of the following descriptions represents a compulsion? Ans. 95 Which of the following persons would NOT be described with an obsession? Ans. 234 a. b. who is very upset about recurrent and persistent thoughts of hurting her App child p. rituals phobia. ego syntonic obsessive compulsive impulsive 93Emily is extremely afraid of coming in contact with germs so she always wears Ans. In what central way do these clients differ from his App clients with OCD? p. For what App reason does this obsessiveness not meet diagnostic criteria for OCD? p. persistent doubts about turning off the clothes iron at home p. 233 a. B a. neutralizations c.92Sadie's mother is extremely worried about her daughter. impulse. Sadie spends several hours Ans. d. who has not entered a store for over six months because she is afraid she will be unable to control a distressing impulse to shoplift 96 Natasha is severely depressed. and washes her App hands repetitively when she gets back. Her fear is a(n) . compulsions * b. What term p. 232 best describes her action? a. 169 . c. 232 gloves and handwashing are . 232-3 b. Sandi. 232 c. D cannot get out of her mind and that cause her a great deal of distress. wearing p. obsession. She no longer recognizes that the thoughts are excessive and unreasonable. Sadie is also distressed by her actions but cannot seem to stop. persistent thoughts about harming someone Con b. who is afraid he will make a sexual advance toward his boss and cannot get the thought out of his head Veronica. She is preoccupied with guilty ruminations that she Ans. The group clients do not describe their compulsions as being out of their control. Aguilar is providing group therapy for persons with compulsive disorders such Ans. C a. M a. A as overeating and gambling. The OCD clients are more likely to describe their obsessions as ego-syntonic. compulsion. persistent counting of streetlights while driving M d. persistent fear of being sexually assaulted 7. C each day meticulously rearranging the food in her cabinet according to size and App shape. The thoughts are not ego-dystonic. 97Dr. C App p. 15 C 29 d. 235 b. Tourette's subtype 99A true story: A student approached an abnormal psychology instructor to tell the Ans. 235 b. either b or c 103 For which anxiety disorder are the MZ and DZ twin concordance rates Ans. Based on gender App prevalence data. OCD d. 35 c. cingulatomy. 234 shouted a string of obscenities and curses! In other words. What disorder is most likely? a. 3. Stanley. Either b or c. D instructor about an acquaintance who has Tourette's disorder. Susie. 235 b. A OCD. comorbid compulsive disorder. an individual with a "washer" compulsion d. coprolalia. D diagnosed with OCD. with an onset in the last few months. is MOST likely Ans. according to Rapoport's studies. OCD. and other impulsive social behavior. and as many as percent of OCD cases begin before age 18. Melanie has been Ans. compulsive shouting of obscene language. B to have had an onset of OCD in early childhood? Con a. how old would you expect Melanie to be? p. 3. C essentially equivalent? Fac a. The disorder became App known to the student one Sunday morning in church when the person stood up and p. 7 b. a young adult female p. Fac a. 98 Ans. 50 p. 50 101Which of the following persons. 82 d. 1. 235 a. specific phobias p. with coprolalia b autistic OCD Tourette's disorder. 7. 1. a young adult male c. 234 M Blaine is a 19-year-old male who has a history of motor tics and who currently exhibits repetitive vocalizations. 100 Epidemiological data indicates that percent of children and adolescents suffer Ans. the student was describing the acquaintance's echolalia. panic disorder c.7. with coprolalia OCD. 102As a result of a thorough assessment completed this week. agoraphobia 170 . The drug may increase the level of serotonin in the brain. the behavioral avoidance associated with specific phobias. 236 c. Based on the findings from brain Ans.. The drug may decrease presynaptic production of serotonin. why Ans. decreased. d. behavioral increased. drug or behavioral 17 1 . the compulsive symptoms of OCD. The drug may slow the decomposition of serotonin. 236 b. What should Ans. 's experiment involving dogs with acral lick. Atkinson is looking for areas of abnormal metabolism in his Ans. caudate nucleus 109Using an MRI. the autonomic conditioning of PTSD. p. Anafranil C c. the locus coeruleus and prefrontal cortex 110Emalia has undergone treatment for OCD. Fac b. 235 c. the hypothalamus and somatosensory cortex E c. the amygdala and saggitotemporal cortex p. you would expect to see orbitofrontal App activity as a result of Emalia's treatment. B imaging studies of this disorder. the caudate nucleus and cingulate gyrus d. 235 b. A Dr. 235 b. 107According to Rapoport et al. p. Dr. a greater likelihood of some kind of anxiety disorder. decreased. all of the above 105Which of the following medications would be most effective for the treatment of Ans. 104 A study of genetic factors in OCD is being conducted by Dr. Xanax p. c. the physiological overreactivity of panic disorder. d. but not OCD p. a greater concordance between MZ versus DZ twins of those probands c. The drug may increase the sensitivity of serotonin receptors. a greater likelihood of OCD compared to relatives of control subjects d. drag or behavioral increased. Duit. p. 108Which of the following brain regions does not belong with the other three? Ans. C a. A a. B OCD? App a. amygdala Con b. C patients with OCD. orbitofrontal cortex C d. cingulate gyrus p. Duit expect to find among the relatives of his OCD probands? App a. Tofranil Lithium 106Canine acral lick has offered a provocative animal model for understanding Ans. D might a drug that affects serotonin be effective in treating OCD symptoms? Fac a. 236 a. 236 b. What brain regions should he inspect most closely? App a. drug b. panic disorder M c. B via psychosurgery. according to Steketee & White? Con a. What disorder does he probably have? App a. 111 Ans. overt behavior may be at greatest risk for p. 237 b. 236 a. positive reinforcement negative reinforcement 112 Overreactive autonomic activity appears to be a common denominator in anxiety Ans. citizens were legally punished for "thought crimes. PTSD. social phobia OCD 116Mr. emotional aloofness and disinterest in Philippe's life M b. 1984. 236 b. 236 a. Burmenko has an anxiety disorder for which he is considering treatment Ans. C with obsessive-compulsive disorder. panic disorder p. A disorders. social phobia. extremely high expectations for Philippe's behavior and strict rules for his * younger siblings c. generalized anxiety disorder d. one parent with OCD. 113Philippe is a young adult with OCD. " Ans. Someone with this diathesis who believes mat "an act committed in Con the heart" is equivalent to an actual. B counseling sessions. Only psychotic persons are considered eligible for psychosurgery. E b. 17 2 . GAD. GAD p. modeling classical conditioning 115 In George Orwell's novel. strong depressive tendencies and emotional overinvolvement in Philippe's life d. genetics p. punishment b. given the strong genetic link in this disorder 114What process best accounts for the influence of parental characteristics on persons Ans. When his therapist meets with his family for Ans. D Which anxiety disorder is characterized by such "crimes"? Con a. 236 C What sort of operant consequence is represented by an obsessive-compulsive individual's ritualistic behaviors? a. unresolved childhood conflicts M c. what will the therapist be MOST likely to observe in Philippe's App parents? p. 236 b. OCD. obsessive-compulsive disorder c.7. D Con p. extinction c. Side effects of nausea. GAD disorder is most likely? a. d. fatigue.121 Ans. GAD. His Ans. c.122 Salvador often experiences insomnia. What Ans. OCD symptoms usually return quickly once medication treatment is discontinued. What sort of App effective treatment might a clinician recommend? p. direct exposure and response prevention c. Medications such as Xanax and Valium are effective in reducing OCD symptoms. PTSD 7.120 Julie has an obsession about stabbing her roommate and engages in a checking Ans. 237 b. OCD. 237 M A student's report on drug therapy for OCD could include each of the following statements EXCEPT a. Drug therapy is useful for 50 to 75 percent of OCD patients.119 Nicolai has a strong compulsion to check every water tap he passes by. and inhibited sexual desire are common. 237 E Free-floating anxiety is described in the DSM-IV as a. B App p. OCD c. adjustment disorder with behavioral disturbance generalized phobia panic disorder without agoraphobia 17 3 . 237 a. social phobia panic disorder 7. A Fac p. During the hour session. imaginal exposure and response prevention either a or c 7. worries excessively about his job and his family. D ritual to manage the anxiety generated by this intrusive image. c. and is tense and irritable. b. GAD p. agoraphobia. B drug therapy? Con a. d. A Con p. C therapist and he are walking through a large restaurant kitchen.118 Which disorder does not belong with the other three in terms of biochemistry and Ans. What therapeutic processes are taking place? flooding and negative reinforcement response exposure and extinction exposure and response prevention graded exposure and behavioral deconditioning 7. 117 Ans.7. b. has several minor aches and pains in his body. Nicolai's anxiety becomes extremely high but men subsides. 7. 237 completely shut off. Prozac C b. 238 b. and the therapist App is helping him resist the temptation to touch the handle to make sure the tap is p. C App p.127 Glenda experiences a DSM-IV disorder that some clinicians view as a basic anxiety Ans. relaxation training. 238 b. agoraphobia b. Which description below does NOT apply? a. an attempt to avoid mistakes and mishaps. a 29-year-old Hispanic male b. D Con p. 7. b. relaxation training a combination of A and B Any of the above is equally effective. 238 E * 7. generalized anxiety disorder Which anxiety disorder would be most vulnerable to criticism by the sociocultural perspective for reflecting social and economic deprivation rather than individual psychopathology? a. 238 M 7. which App treatment method will be most effective for Glenda? p. A Con p. Kevin. OCD Which of the following persons is MOST likely to be diagnosed with GAD? a. 239 a. specific phobia c. an anxiolytic. According to Barlow's findings.7. panic disorder d. Worrying can serve as an attempt to maintain tight control over life. 239 a.123 Ans. Shambrae. she will receive p. Denise. a 21-year-old black male d. Marvin. If she is given the most common form of Ans. C App treatment for this disorder. a 35-year-old black female c. Excessive worrying may reduce physiological arousal when the person is faced with a feared stimulus. cognitive-behavioral control treatment. b.125 Ans. B Fac p. D state rather than a discrete disorder. a combination of relaxation training and cognitive restmcturing. 238-9 M The worrying of an individual with GAD may actually be reinforcing in several different ways. cognitive restmcturing b.126 Ans. GAD agoraphobia panic disorder 7. The cognitive preoccupation with possible threats may help a person avoid actual emotional distress.124 Ans. 7. 174 . The frequent worrying puts the individual "on alert" and poised to cope more quickly with stressors. a 19-year-old white female Which anxiety disorder is MOST likely to be comorbid with another anxiety disorder? a.128 Eva experiences a DSM-IV disorder that some clinicians view as a basic anxiety state rather than a discrete disorder. panic disorder d. 240-1 a. GAD symptoms will begin to subside about 6 hours after beginning the drag. 240 b. panic disorder." Pierce and Kirkpatrick (1992) provided support for the Ans.130 Paul and Patricia are fraternal twins. specific phobia. d. A females.131 Based on differences in behaviors that are expected and encouraged in males versus Ans. compulsions of Ans. GAD c. Patricia's lower levels of GABA and smaller limbic system structures. specific phobia GAD. p. hormonal p. Paul's greater exposure to androgens during puberty. D why Patricia is substantially more likely to experience an anxiety disorder than is App Paul. Lasting reductions in chronic worry will not be obtained.132 As expected on the basis of gender role socialization. checking p. Fac a. gender role socialization d. GAD OCD. 7. Patricia's less frequent opportunities to extinguish fears of outdoor creatures such * as snakes. panic disorder. washing c. 239 b.134 While is usually treated with longterm success. agoraphobia p. Paul's socialized reluctance to admit or express fear. B are much more likely among females than among males. and the like. social phobia 17 5 . p. Con a. A to apply to Ingeborg's reaction? App a. specific phobia. spiders. PTSD. M b. 240 b. counting d. Therapeutic effects may be no stronger than those obtained with a placebo. c. B of a clearly successful treatment approach. C hypothesis of gender differences in anxiety disorders. it would be anticipated that would show significant gender Fac differences but that would be more similar between genders. agoraphobia 7. 7. OCD.133 Utilizing a "lie detector. Fac a. social phobia b.129 Ingeborg is taking a benzodiazepine for GAD. limbic system reactivity 7.7. These could include each of the following EXCEPT p. 240 a. is still in need Ans. Side effects such as drowsiness and physical dependence will occur. crosscultural c. hoarding 7. Several reasons have been put forth to explain Ans. 240-1 b. Which description is LEAST likely Ans. increased physiological arousal Con b. feels detached from and avoids friends who know about App the attack. GAD In panic disorder. 12 percent. p. 5. GAD 7. persistent avoidance of trauma-related stimuli E d. 241 c. persistent avoidance and numbing of general responsiveness frequent reexperiencing and persistent avoidance increased physiological arousal and social isolation numbing of general responsiveness and interpersonal withdrawal 7. C Con p. has stopped App attending his children's school activities. C experiencing nightmares. OCD PTSD MDD 7. His p.135 Ans. 242 reactions represent which PTSD symptom category or categories? a.139 Dave is a police officer who nearly lost his life during the apprehension of a Ans.137 Resnick and colleagues reported a lifetime prevalence of PTSD for females of Ans. chronic PTSD c. individuals respond to a stressor as though it posed a mortal threat. watchful for threat.136 Rosalind was a victim of severe domestic violence two weeks ago.140 Vietnam veterans with PTSD often refuse to sit with their back to a door.4 percent. acute stress disorder d. She is Ans. 241 correct? M a.7. Persons with have actually been exposed to a life-threatening situation.3 percent. increased arousal persistent reexperiencing social isolation 176 . A robbery suspect. frequent reexperiencing of the traumatic event p. a. social isolation and emotional numbing 7. 242 c. 1. E d. B to monitor the activities of the people around them. 240 b. and feels detached from others. and exhibits an exaggerated startle response. 7. What App DSM-IV symptom category does this behavior represent? p. C a. What diagnosis is p.138 Which of the following is NOT one of the three broad symptom classes of PTSD? Ans. PTSD with delayed onset * b. He stays away from the scene of the shootout. preferring Ans. 242 a. persistent avoidance b. D a. Fac b. 19 percent. 243 M Charles has returned from his tour of duty in Vietnam.143 Ans. a non-injured victim of crime who believed her life was in danger c. His service in Vietnam will result in PTSD regardless of these posttrauma events. a crime victim who was injured during the crime and believed his life was in danger b. 10 percent. equally 7. His resulting anger will motivate more adaptive problem-focused coping strategies and decrease his risk. Minh and Ruth. He is met by protestors who call him a "baby killer. 30 percent. however. D occurred and the victim believed her/his life to be in danger is reported to be Fac a. c. C Con p. Chris1 family was relieved that he seemed to cope well with the experience in the weeks that followed. p. persistent avoidance d. social introversion to criticism and interpersonal suspiciousness d. conduct disorder Which PTSD diagnostic category contains symptoms that are best accounted for by Mowrer's two-factor model? a. A App p. B Con p. 45 percent." and his friends who are against the war refuse to associate with him. and his risk will increase. B App p. D Chris was a passenger in an automobile accident in which a close friend was killed. persistent symptoms of increased arousal b. How would these symptoms be diagnosed? App p. a victim of a natural disaster who did not believe his life was in danger but felt completely out of control of the event d. b. 244 M Which of the following persons is most likely to develop PTSD? a. and thus his general unresponsiveness will be decreased and his risk actually lessened. His social support will be decreased. Ruth. Minh. latent onset PTSD. One year later. 244 E * Marko is a Vietnam veteran with PTSD. His physiological arousal will be heightened.7.145 Ans. d. overconcern with bodily functions b. 7. d. How might these experiences affect his risk for PTSD? a. 244 b. sensitivity 7. chronic PTSD. 244 c. 18 percent. 141 Ans. delayed stress adjustment disorder PTSD. persistent reexperiencing c.146 Ans.142 Ans. 242 a. acute.144 The lifetime prevalence of PTSD for victims of crimes in which bodily injury Ans. Pedro. persistent conditioning 177 . c. with delayed onset 7. Chris developed symptoms of PTSD that lasted for two months. 7. Which of the following prewar characteristics is MOST likely to have increased his vulnerability to this disorder? a. 148 Paul has PTSD that developed as a result of his being violently assaulted while Ans. A the severity of PTSD symptoms? Fac a. direct exposure treatment. 246 b. which of the following factors is most likely to reduce Ans. 246 c.149 According to Dr. she App often found herself feeling extremely keyed up.152 Ron is seeking treatment for his PTSD. physiological arousal of being keyed up heat. D from Florida to North Dakota because when the weather was hot in Florida. flooding. E c. C d. as though she was preparing to p. B and avoidance programs comprise a(n) Fac a. E d. covert desensitization. cognitive processing therapy. cognitive-behavioral therapy. App b. 246 c. 245 b. fear network. object relations therapy. 244 see wounded soldiers. C a. the meaning assigned to an event. three-factor conditioning network. 7. D of that network is most likely to activate escape behavior? App a. 178 . move to North Dakota heat. A few years ago. The two-factor M model identifies the as the CS and the as the reinforcer. exposure to new but less severe stressors prolonged avoidance of trauma-related stimuli 7. trauma of working with wounded soldiers. move to North Dakota 7. 244 a. chronic depression c. heat physiological arousal of being keyed up. physiological responses similar to those experienced during the trauma M c. Kaloupek. what two factors are most App important in understanding how his symptoms have developed? p.7. classical conditioning and operant conditioning b. 7.147 Norma is a nurse who served in the Vietnam War. He should probably NOT choose Ans. participant modeling. persistent exposure to trauma-related stimuli p. operant conditioning and associative fear networks the uncontrollability and physical danger of the event social rejection and generalization of arousal 7. any of the above 7. d. associative memory node. Con b. According to behaviorists. p. A riding to work on the subway. cognitive trauma schema. working in the oppressive heat of Vietnam. and escape Ans.151 If Donna's memory of her sexual assault is stored as a fear network.150 Trauma-related stimuli and responses. interoceptive restructuring. A a. trauma-related environmental stimuli p. p. p. intrusive thoughts * d. which element Ans.153 Foa and colleagues' approach to the treatment of PTSD is most similar to Ans. 246 b. she moved Ans. Possession of a genetically inherited tendency to overreact physiologically and experience anxiety (possibly a deficiency of GAB A). 247 DSM criteria five and a half months later? a. Of the ten Ans. avoidance/numbing : SSRI's SHORT ANSWER I ESSAY 7.157 Describe the conditions under which humans are most likely to develop a phobia. including graduated exposure and flooding. 246-7 M a. 7. Each of the following factors was probably important in the attempt to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder EXCEPT a.158 What brain structure appears to trigger the intense fear involved in phobias? What neurotransmitter's activity might be disturbed. 7. may be insufficient or may not adequately bind to receptors. 243. a primary inhibitory transmitter. 3 d. how many would be predicted to meet p. the benzodiazepine drugs used to treat anxiety increase the activity of this transmitter. endorsing perceptions that the world is a dangerous but predictable place. flashbacks : anxiolytics b. b. and counselors immediately after 7. none of the above To reduce the possibility of PTSD subsequent to trauma. and modeling. 6 c. reinforcing individuals' belief in their ability to cope effectively. a university is offering Foa's 4-session prevention course to students who have been raped. d.7 App women who have participated in the course.156 Which of the following PTSD symptom categories and medications are mismatched? Ans. direct or vicarious exposure (modeling. leading to an increase in physiological arousal and anxiety. D Fac p. 179 .154 M When a town in Pennsylvania lost several of its young adults in a TWA plane crash in 1996. 1 7. vivid information exposure) to a fear-producing stimulus or situation. exposure. C the trauma. heightened arousal : antiadrenergics d.159 Which procedures are commonly and successfully used in the treatment of phobias? Systematic desensitization.155 Ans. B App p. and what evidence supports this notion? Amygdala. c.7. friends. GABA. including participant modeling. reexperiencing : antidepressants c. encouraging interaction with family. stimulus or situation has evolutionary importance that "prepares" development of the fear. 8 b. crisis intervention teams arrived to help residents cope with the trauma. 3) The interoceptive cues associated with the first false alarm become early warning signs for which Racine has become highly vigilant. She experienced some form of a major life stressor that she interpreted as posing an actual threat to her life.. Kelli believes there is no one she can turn to for help who will listen to her fears.Kelli has an insufficient social support network prior to the assault. However.162 Do the findings of Black and colleagues (1992) and Torgersen (1983) indicate that genetics are unimportant in OCD? Explain. Black and colleagues found that there was no difference in OCD prevalence in families of probands versus families of control subjects. PTSD: antidepressants (not necessarily SSRI) 7. her friends avoid her because they don't know how to help or her father blames her for letting herself become a victim). dizziness. Thus.164 Kelli was a victim of a sexual assault while jogging through a public park. there does appear to be some sort of more general vulnerability transmitted genetically. This prompted a "false alarm" of danger to which her sympathetic nervous system responded with panic symptoms (e. 7. fear of dying).161 In what way are the treatments for phobias and for panic disorder similar in focus? All of the behavioral treatments for phobias as well as the cognitivebehavioral treatments for panic have a similar goal: the enhancement of clients' sense of self-efficacy. situations. Torgersen failed to find a difference in concordance rates between MZ and DZ twins. shaking. Describe the posttrauma factors that may increase her risk of PTSD.7.160 Racine has developed a panic disorder. or the belief that they can approach and manage their reactions to feared objects.g. while mere appears to be no specific genetic diathesis for OCD. both studies documented an increased prevalence of various anxiety disorders in both proband families and MZ twins. 7. and these misperceptions will in turn hasten the development of full-blown panic symptoms in a sort of self-fulfilling prophecy. she has developed anxious apprehension. racing heart. 4) Racine will then begin to misinterpret minor. or that network changes after the assault (e.g.g. strangers approaching her. — Kelli believes that she is incompetent to cope with her experience and feelings. breathing difficulties.. Racine has an inherited predisposition toward autonomic overreactivity. 180 . OCD: SSRI's.Kelli generalizes trauma danger signs (e. In other words. Using Barlow's model. -. describe the etiology of her disorder. -. 7. or even their own bodily states.163 What class of drugs is most effective for GAD? for OCD? for the frequent reexperiencing of PTSD? GAD: benzodiazepines. benign somatic changes (such as an increase in breathing or increase in lactic acid). outdoor public areas) to all situations and believes that the world is a dangerous place.. C her arms that seemed to have no physical cause. A EXCEPT Fac a. memory c. D used by the Greeks? Con a. B a. somatoform disorder repressive neurosis d. conversion hysteria b. hysterical disorder Which of the following persons does not belong with the other three? Ans. posttraumatic stress reaction d. dissociative disorder p.Chapter 8 DISSOCIATIVE AND SOMATOFORM DISORDERS Dissociative disorders are marked by disruptions in each of the following areas Ans. attention p. p. A She has trouble walking because of this and is constantly injuring her feet. somatoform disorder Janice has been complaining that she cannot feel her feet from her ankles down. Which classification App below is appropriate? p. 252 b. identity A clinician is consulting the DSM-II for the correct classification of a client whose Ans. neurotic dissociation An ancient Egyptian healer was treating a patient who complained of paralysis in Ans. To what would the healer App attribute the symptoms? p. 252 a. conversion hysteria b. dissociative psychoses d. Breuer E d. consciousness d. B symptoms include derealization and identity alteration. Ans. Con b. 252 a. neurotic anxiety c. hysterical neuroses c. 252 c. 252 How would Freud have described Janice's disorder? M a. somatization wandering uterus psychosis Which of the following disorders is MOST similar to the meaning of "hysteria" as Ans. Anna 0. repressive disorders b. Briquet p. 252 b. Freud 181 . App Medical doctors have been able to find no physical cause for her symptoms. 253 a. 253 b. A performance following the divorce. joint pain. George was fired. 253 a. he is engaging in the process of a. somatization. C somatoform and dissociative disorders? Fac a. Which of the following commonalties should he expect to find in their App personal histories? p. C disorders. derealization. DSM-III DSM-III-R Danton's therapist believes Danton was exposed to chronic child abuse and has Ans. 253 symptoms. 182 . splintering division of consciousness dissociation George's wife divorced him suddenly. posttraumatic stress disorder b. splitting b. If he expresses his App emotional distress by developing headaches. DSM-I p.Dr. DSM-II E c. What psychological process is occurring? p. 253 a. Which of the following disorders is the App therapist LEAST likely to diagnose? p. After several weeks of poor job Ans. histrionic personality disorder conversion disorder dissociative identity disorder Tamara describes feeling completely detached from the events going on around Ans. multiple visits to medical doctors prior to DSM-IV diagnosis exposure to unusually stressful experiences disruptions in memory and consciousness In which version of the DSM would you first see a separation of neuroses into Ans. D her and often forgets important experiences such as the death of her mother or App her sister's marriage. B developed a subsequent mental disorder. dissociation. Asante specializes in the treatment of clients with dissociative or somatoform Ans. and other physical p. childhood abuse b. somatoforming. B the world about him. hypnotizability. these would be considered pathological states due to the complexity and infrequency of their experiences. M c. but they have no subjective meaning to him. illusory imaging. when they occur within recognized cultural groups d. D a. Sometimes he feels p. Jachim's experience is not pathological. Spencer's experience is pathological and may represent PTSD or a dissociative disorder. without an identity. amnesia. What do "speaking in tongues" and Ataque de Nervios have in common? Ans. derealization. when they occur infrequently in an individual p. 254 c. depersonalization. They are considered pathological states in the DSM-FV. p. They each involve characteristics of the mental processes described by Freud as "conversion neuroses. p. 254 c. 253 disconnected from his body. Which of the following statements correctly describes these two men? Regardless of their culture. B similar to the perceptual hallucinations seen in psychotic disorders. the possibility of a dissociative disorder is likely for both." When are dissociative states NOT considered pathological? Ans. b. Sometimes he enters a state of mind in which the world has no subjective meaning to him and he feels disconnected from his body. Lucinda. Whether Jachim or Spencer is diagnosed as pathological depends on the culture in which they live and the diagnostic practices of mental health professionals. when they do not produce personal distress Marguerite has a dissociative disorder. His family finds these episodes alarming as does his employer. She might exhibit any of the following Ans. as if he were no longer himself. he can hear and feel events in the external App world. derealization. a person with dissociative identity disorder. This is an App example of the key symptom of p. They both involve some form of spirit possession. Because Jachim and Spencer experience a loss of identity and derealization. identity confusion. 254 a. In this state. C a. Con b.When Jachim meditates. is exhibiting symptoms Ans. perceptual de-altering. 254-5 b. A key symptoms EXCEPT App a. when they do not involve significant identity alteration Fac b. Spencer is a M veteran of WWII who was severely wounded twice in combat. he enters a trance-like state in which he is unaware of Ans. 183 . They are forms of dissociation described as normal expressions in some M cultures. a strong relationship between both measures and incidence of child abuse. 255 Her entire personality changes when this occurs. p. a positive correlation between those measures in both centuries. a split identity c. dissociative fugue disorder c. 1 p. dissociative memory disorder d. multiple identities. 2 E c. repressed memory complex b. how many Ans. For Lorraine to be diagnosed with dissociative personality disorder. M a. D typical middle-class American. personality fragment. alter alter. D Fac p. Sara is the most outgoing and Ans. guest personality d. in the 1800s and 1900s. C c. If you measured interest in spiritualism and the number of cases of multiple Ans. host personality dominant personality. a poor minority child from the slums. A alters MUST be present? App a. you would find Con a. split identity Most of the time Marva appears to be a normal adult female. a negative correlation between those measures in both centuries. 4 d. A personalities in the U. 7 A woman has dissociative identity disorder. an alter 184 . What is the term currently used E to describe Toby? a. 255 b.17 Ans. primary personality * b. leading the life of a Ans. b. Kraepelin's syndrome. 256 and Madeline as a(n) . 255 E 8. dissociative trance disorder b. dissociative fugue. Sometimes she suddenly changes her behavior. you might have heard about the Ans. 255 b. 255 M first detailed report of a. B flamboyant identity but is unaware of the other identities.18 Which of the following does NOT represent a DSM-IV dissociative disorder? a. depersonalization disorder If you were living in Germany in the late 1700s. App acting like a child and claiming to be Toby. a positive correlation between those measures in the 1800s only. alter. c. Madeline is inhibited and App shy but is in charge most of the time. C Fac p. Briquet's syndrome. p. Sara would be described as a(n) __ p.S.8. 256 a. Joshua. the host personality d. Edmund would not have been considered disordered. A 1800s. The host personality usually does not represent the person's original personality. 15 d.Which identity of a person with dissociative identity disorder is most likely to Ans. 256-7 b. 185 . Ans. a suicidal adult female Which statement about dissociative identity disorder is TRUE? Ans. protective alter c. d. Edmund would show more alters of the other gender. a 42-year-old physically disabled male M c. If Erica is typical of clients diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder in 1990. p. Tori. Edmund's personalities would be more clearly differentiated from each other. Michelle. Juliet. 256 b. M c. her first male alter For Delsin. The number of alters present is proportional to the level of abuse suffered in Con childhood and adolescence. a suicidal alter c. 256 c. If Edmund were alive in the late Ans. 256 b. C App p. a 27-year-old male host personality. Ohen. Personality fragments are more likely to occur than are complete alters. b. a 5-year-old male p. an aggressive. the protective alter personality Which of the following identities of a female with dissociative identity disorder is Ans. alcoholic adult male * d. Edmund would have only two personalities. which of the following alters is Ans. D a. 8 alters. C MOST likely to seek help from a therapist? App a. Ahmik. B LEAST likely? App a. Meda. what difference would probably be observed between his disorder and the App same disorder diagnosed in the late 1900s? p. Clinicians today are in agreement that this is a bona fide psychological syndrome caused by early trauma. 32 she has a. the host personality d. the original personality P. the angry personality fragment p. Edmund has dissociative identity disorder. the powerful. C seek treatment? Fac a. Nodin. 2 b. 256 b. Which finding below is NOT part of that Con evidence? p. Isabelle. p. from Canada 186 . p. altering b. App schizophrenia. 12 E c. 258 b. switching displacing cohosting When Devorah changes from one identity to another as part of her dissociative Ans. App a. 256-8 a. from Japan c. which of the p. current stressful events c. and. 257 following DSM-IV labels is MOST likely? a. was approached by a man who looked a great Ans. there will be Ans. A with psychotic features. flashbacks of memories p. hypochondriasis. voluntary switching Certain evidence is commonly used to support the claim that dissociative identity Ans. Previously she has been diagnosed with major depression Ans. Eva.S. D identity disorder. B disorder is created by clinicians. somatization disorder multiple personality disorder conversion disorder dissociative identity disorder Which of the following females is LEAST likely to exhibit dissociative identity Ans. B disorder? App a. 9 4 Estrella is 28 years old. a host personality.When Marcia. the protector identity. from Switzerland d. the higher number of females diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder the high use of hypnosis to discover alternate personalities cases where malingering criminals and experimental subjects have been able to effectively simulate dissociative identity disorder Of the dissociative identity disorder clients a therapist treats. she engaged in the process of to enter the App identity of Rebecca. gradual recall of childhood traumas d. 257 b. If Estrella is now receiving another diagnosis. from the U. B deal like her abusive father. what is LEAST likely to prompt such changes? App a. the increase in alters exhibited over the past several decades in North America b. 15 p. Yoko. most commonly. Penelope. C female clients for each male client the therapist sees. 256 b. PTSD. 256 a. 259 c.69 characteristics are often exaggerated by some overzealous clinicians. C Con p. 258 a. This is an example of amnesia. 258 M * Critics of the existence of dissociative identity disorder could cite each of the following pieces of evidence to support their case EXCEPT a. There is overwhelming evidence that dissociative identity disorder does not exist. A validity of dissociative identity disorder? Con a. the implausibility of important ideas. C study of EEG activity. b. Which of them would demonstrate the largest EEG changes App across personalities? p. He can. a female who role-plays multiple identities either a or b If one of your friends asked you whether dissociative disorder really exists. the failure to document the presence of a single case in Japan. c. however. no c. as a severe manifestation of PTSD d. yes. Nanette. all of the above Nathaniel has a dissociative amnesia in which he can remember nothing of his first Ans. based on information presented in the text? Con a. Cases of dissociative identity disorder are fabricated on the basis of leading interviewing techniques and hypnosis by clinicians. what Ans. There is overwhelming evidence that dissociative identity disorder exists. remember the friends he had during that time. Henry. yes p. D a. localized dissociative amnesia Fac b. a. Suppose each of the persons described below were participants in Coons et al. Severe trauma probably can create splintering of consciousness. and autobiographical memory being dissociated from consciousness.8. selective marriage. 259 b. b. somatoform pain disorder d. D answer would you give. 258.35 Ans. a male with dissociative identity disorder b. emotions. generalized dissociative amnesia p. systematized continuous localized 187 . but these p. documentation of inappropriate use of hypnosis by overzealous therapists. A App p. a female with dissociative identity disorder Adrienne.'s Ans. the extensive overlap of symptoms with several disorders that might better account for clients' behaviors. 258-9 b. none of the above Which of the following statements BEST reflects your text's conclusion about the Ans. For which DSM-IV disorders should a thorough medical assessment be included? Ans. 259 a. he will be unable to simulate brain wave changes when the interviewer begins to question him about the crime itself. Carmen. the names of soldiers who were with him. exposure to severe sexual abuse. c. abnormal functioning in their hippocampus. short-term b. localized dissociative amnesia. This is a type of a. He will exhibit a kind of "la belle indifference" in regard to his memory loss. this App is a form of amnesia. An initial assessment raises the possibility of a dissociative Ans. Stephanie. d. in fact. c. B App p. Arbuckle is treating young adult males who exhibit sudden losses of Ans. C memory for personally important information. a 25year-old male If Dr. a 13-year-old male c. A App p. a malingerer. b. and the railroad cars outside the camp but he cannot recall anything about the camp inhabitants he saw. she might expect these men to App have a history of p. exposure to violent stressors such as combat. localized discontinuous systematized Alberto was a member of the first group of soldiers to reach the concentration camp Ans. Wechsler is in charge of assessing the psychiatric casualties of American GI's Ans. D dissociative amnesia? App a. He will be eager to participate in an interview under the influence of sodium amytal. 259 a. 259 b. repressed memory syndrome. Hugh was recently involved in a violent crime for which he has been charged with attempted murder. What percentage of his patients will exhibit dissociative amnesia or App p. Alvin. 259 b. When assessed via EEG. C during WWII. 188 . p. b. a 30-year-old female d. l t o 3 5 to 14 12 to 19 Which of the following persons is MOST likely to be diagnosed with a Ans. b. He will generalize his localized amnesia for the crime to a generalized amnesia that will preclude further diagnostic testing. Marcus. If he has dissociated his memories of the day following the accident. 259 M * of Auschwitz during WWII. 4 to 7 other dissociative episodes? a. Dr. B killed. opioid drug abuse that predisposes them to memory deficits. If Hugh is.8. selective dissociative amnesia. He can remember the weather on the day they arrived. dissociative fugue. 260-1 C amnesia because Hugh has no memory for the event. d. which of the following reactions is MOST likely from him? a.41 Chris was a passenger in an automobile accident in which his young sister was Ans. a 23-year-old female p. A conclusion would he probably offer? Con a. role-playing subjects also demonstrate these changes. bipolar disorder schizophrenia 189 . Andrea had no memory of her life as Becky before the bombing. she was Ans. malingering p. What was this woman suffering from? dissociative amnesia dissociative fugue depersonalization disorder dissociative identity disorder Which of the following risk factors might increase Victor's risk of dissociative Ans. d. You will describe an alternate personality but claim amnesia for this personality * after the session. C fugue following a traumatic life event? App a. Later. B differing EEG patterns as they switch alters. B traumatized by the horror she witnessed. 262 b. a family history of schizoid personality disorder p. 260-1 b. What conclusion can be drawn from Con this? p. dissociative identity disorder d. You have been asked to pretend that you are an accused murderer. You will probably resist the suggestive manipulation of the hypnotist and give little or no evidence of an alter personality. dissociative amnesia c. which diagnostic Ans. If Nicholas Spanos had been able to testify in Bianchi's trial. Which of the following outcomes is p. 261-2 and found to match a missing person description. c. M b. pseudotrance disorder Becky was in a cafe in Paris when a terrorist bomb went off outside.It has been demonstrated that persons with dissociative identity disorder exhibit Ans. somatization disorder c. The imaginative involvement and absorption common to persons with this disorder are probably neurologically-based. No clear conclusion is possible. None of the above. The investigator Ans. D running the study then asks you to role-play responses to a hypnosis session much App like the one Kenneth Bianchi underwent. You will describe a childhood marked by abuse and familial discord. a woman calling herself Andrea App was identified by family members as Becky after she was picked up by the police p. Strong support for the existence of distinct alters is established. 258-61 a. You will perform quite differently on several psychological tests depending on which personality is dominant. 260-1 LEAST likely? M a. Olga. 262 his identity as a. Martin. in isolation from the occurrence of derealization. Rosetta feels as though she were in a dream. fugue b. dissociative identity disorder. B the objects around her seem strangely unreal. B likely to describe her? App a. psychogenic flight disorder. and Ans. B a. both a and b Depersonalization occurs Ans. 262 C * of a mental disorder? a. Terrell. Once the fugue ends. as a rare and dysfunctional reaction to severe stressors. hovering above her own body. which prognosis is most accurate? Ans. he is at increased risk of developing a different dissociative disorder. a person with generalized dissociative amnesia c. dissociative fugue. 262 a. Which of the following disorders is/are more commonly diagnosed in females? Ans. schizotypal symptoms c. The fugue will end in a few weeks and he will remember most of the events that happened during that time. dissociative amnesia. Fac b. p. high hypnotizability p. a person in a fugue state If Keith is in a dissociative fugue. dissociative identity disorder Con b. Ans. 262 c. depersonalization trance disorder dissociative psychotic disorder Miguel is a chronic substance abuser who vehemently denies his substance use. D a. D App p. more commonly in males than in females. A a. p. M c. he is at significantly increased risk of another episode App within the next five years. While he is unlikely to experience another fugue in the future. depersonalization disorder p. 262 c. 262 b. as she switches from an alter to her host personality b. d. The fugue will end in a few days and he will recover fully. fantasy proneness a history of childhood abuse 190 . 263 b. Which of the following characteristics is LEAST Ans. a naive clinician might App mistakenly diagnose Miguel's sudden departures from home and confusion about p. Frances. as he experiences an episode of derealization d. C If he has occasional "blackouts" due to drug intoxication. Paula has a dissociative disorder. Which of the following is most App likely? p. dissociative fugue E d. as a symptom of several other physical and mental disorders.Which of the following persons is LEAST likely to display symptoms suggestive Ans. 263-4 Which disorder is Ariel MOST likely to develop? a. high in derealization. c. D fantasy proneness. 263-4 b. role-playing. Ariel finds it easy to ignore everything around her in order to lose herself in a Ans. self-hypnotizability. severe childhood trauma E c. a personality marked by fantasy proneness and absorption d. p. p.A game. App spell-casting. p. * b. low in somatization. There appears to be no relationship between creativity and dissociative symptoms. There appears to be a relationship between child abuse and dissociative p. high hypnotizability p. There is a high need for dependency among persons likely to develop dissociative disorders. What have Steve Lynn and his colleagues found in regard to a person's vulnerability Ans. and other magical endeavors. multiple identities role enactment 191 . C be reconceptualized to include each of the following EXCEPT Con a. popular in the late 1980s. What prediction might you make about her? App a. She is also quite suggestible. fantasy proneness. both a and c The process of "dissociation" believed to underlie the dissociative disorders could Ans. dissociative amnesia dissociative identity disorder somatization disorder schizophrenia According to Frank Putnam and colleagues. d. c. Priscilla has completed a questionnaire that shows she is extremely high on Ans. what is the primary causal factor in Ans. 263 b. B dissociative identity disorder? Fac a. There appears to be a relationship between fantasy proneness and dissociative symptoms. B novel. high in absorption. low in absorption. creativity. c. 265 b. and her aunt reports that Ariel was abused by App her parents in her first three years of life before being placed in a foster home. d. M b. She is likely to malinger a dissociative identity disorder. 263 symptoms. She is likely to exhibit symptoms of clinical depression. She is likely to exhibit symptoms of dissociation. 263 were probably M a. C that players create imaginative characters and engage in fantasy-based combat. Persons most involved in this game p. D to dissociative disorders? Fac a. known as "Dungeons and Dragons" required Ans. Based Ans. hippocampus cerebellum frontal lobes After several months of therapy for major depression. you could cite each of the following problems EXCEPT a. sense of failure. which of the following persons is able to Ans. d. who scores low on a measure of hypnotizability Isadora.65 Ans. It is possible to implant false memories of abuse during therapy. Carolyn. Childhood abuse occurs with less frequency than has previously been believed. Mildred confides to her Ans. b. assessment for the dissociative disorder should be postponed until those symptoms are resolved. Marion. A implantation. 192 . Documentation of childhood abuse is usually obtained through the adults' retrospective and potentially inaccurate recall. 268 a. you might predict that her might be smaller App than that of most adults. a client her. what will Mildred's therapist MOST likely conclude? a. hypothalamus b. and distress. 268 a. who scores low on a measure of absorption Terri. According to Elizabeth Loftus. It is entirely possible that Mildred was abused. a clinical therapist b. which of the following persons would be most susceptible to this App phenomenon? p. Mildred was probably not abused as a child but may enact multiple identities as a conscious means of manipulating others and gaining their attention and concern. 266-8 M In your report evaluating the dissociation-trauma model of dissociative identity disorder. If her current therapist takes Spanos' approach to understanding dissociative identity disorder. Hypnosis-based assessment should be conducted soon in order to evaluate the possibility of that disorder.8. long-term sexual abuse as a child Cassie is an adult female with a diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder. C Con p. Because the depressive symptoms can increase the likelihood that Mildred will be susceptible to memory implantation. C therapist that she was repeatedly abused as a child and that her previous therapist App p. D accurately discern a client's real memory from one that is a product of Fac imagination or suggestion? p. B on recent MRI studies. 267 a. who has a history of severe. but the presence of a dissociative disorder is in essence an acceptable way to express her deep frustrations.or himself either a or b neither a nor b According to Dr. who scores high on the Dissociative Experiences Scale b. 268 M * suspected a dissociative disorder. c. Many individuals who have experienced childhood abuse do not develop this disorder. p. particularly with persons who score high on measures of hypnotizability. Loftus' discussion of Hyman's work in the area of memory Ans. Ross' four-phase treatment approach is the one most commonly endorsed by M clinicians. dissociative identity disorder Fac b. identity fusion E c. p. hypnosis cognitive-behavioral Dr. Hooper is helping her dissociative client recognize and cope with the childhood traumas in her life. with clients Con experiencing chronic impairments. When a Ans. interpersonal psychotherapy personality fusion behavioral Which of the following disorders is LEAST likely to remit spontaneously? Ans. New drug treatments for dissociative identity disorder look promising. education about dissociation and trauma p. 8. A a. In which phase of Ross' structured therapy are they working? M a. What type of treatment is Dr. Peabody implementing? p. initial * b. The long-term prognosis for the disorder is not favorable. dissociative fugue 19 3 . Cognitive-behavioral techniques are consistently more effective as a treatment than are techniques that focus on the confrontation of past traumas through hypnosis. 270 c. 269 M Dr. B App p. D three? Con a. 269 b. As she does so. D personality other than the patient's primary personality appears. second c. c. dissociative amnesia E d. d. her therapist is helping her build an App integrated personality that subsumes the former alters Erika has exhibited during p.Which statement below is TRUE in regard to dissociative identity disorder? Ans. final Which of the following therapeutic techniques does not belong with the other Ans. A a. third d. 270 a. depersonalization p. C hands of her parents. 269 treatment.71 Ans. They are also developing more effective coping strategies that do not rely on dissociative processes. Peabody is treating a patient with dissociative identity disorder. Dr. initial second third final Erika is working through the grief caused by the severe abuse she suffered at the Ans. 269-70 b. Peabody App ignores him or her. cognitive-behavioral b. What phase of Ross' treatment are they in? a. Which of the Ans. D a. 271 b. C interventions for therapists as an approach to preventing dissociative identity Con disorder? p. 271 b. somatoform pain disorder 194 .Which of the following persons is LEAST likely to be treated for their Ans. The parents will increase the frequency of positive/approving interactions and maintain these gains for several months. A following is MOST likely to fall in that category? App a. The parents will reduce their own stress and frustration levels through the use of relaxation techniques. D parenting behaviors? Fac a. The parents will develop a larger social support network. with dissociative fugue b. Ross Ofshe none of the above Which of the following is NOT one of the risk factors associated with abusive Ans. B dissociative disorder. 271 c. * b. aggressive means of conflict resolution c. with dissociative identity disorder Anita. including better access to child care. 271 a. What factor is cited as the primary contributor to child abuse? Ans. The parents will substantially reduce their aversive behaviors and maintain M these gains for several months. hypochondriasis d. dissociative amnesia c. 270 a. with depersonalization disorder Kimberly. substantially below average intelligence in one or both parents A family has been referred by the court system to participate in Denicola and Ans. temperamentally difficult and disabled children E d. d. both a and b Moira's therapist believes that Moira has an "iatrogenic" disorder. 265-71 a. Putnam b. c. poor parenting Fac b. Which of the following outcomes is LEAST App likely? p. unrealistic expectations for children's behaviors and abilities p. dissociative identity disorder p. insufficient community resource support p. disagreement between parents regarding childrearing and discipline styles d. Benito. being treated instead for commonly occurring comorbid App conditions? p. with hypochondriasis disorder Which of the following persons is MOST likely to encourage educational Ans. Assaf. B Sandler's 12-session program. Unknown to them. Medical illnesses are more acceptable. socially. Persons with these disorders experience real pain and discomfort.Ruth experiences chronic cramping in her abdomen area. factitious disorder hypochondriasis dissimulation disorder Somatoform disorders are often difficult to diagnose correctly for each of the Ans. sometimes p. if also unlikely. leading to extensive and time-consuming medical testing. disguised emotional conflict. than are mental illnesses. somatization disorder b. leading to a reluctance to consider psychological factors. A medical patient. d. 262. organic causes of such symptoms. B muscle tension. In the past. App a. 5 d. 274 b. C following reasons EXCEPT Fac a. either a or b Which of the following psychological states is nearly always considered a Ans. C pathological condition? Con a. dissociation d. Physicians have Ans. Mariah has a somatoform disorder. somatization projection dissociation denial If Leif has a somatoform disorder. derealization c. p.73 b. 273 What does your text call the process that appears to account for her symptoms? a. App b. What diagnostic label is MOST appropriate? p. his symptoms are an expression of Ans. 3 195 . all of the above Corey is purposely exaggerating the frequency and intensity of his headaches. physical complaints that are not due to a medical illness. 9 p. D a. p. her treatment will cost about times as much. Compared to the cost of treating the typical Ans. and gastrointestinal distress for the purpose of getting attention from App his friends and family. E b. Physicians want to mle out all possible. A determined it is not related to her menstrual cycle and can find no other physical App cause for the cramping. clinicians have believed these disorders to be extremely rare and have tended to underdiagnose them. 273 stemming from an exaggeration of a past physical problem. somatization p. Ans. Ruth was sexually molested as a child. 273 c. 273 a. 7 c. dissociated memories of trauma. a dissociative disorder C b. According to the DSM-IV diagnosis for what was formerly called Briquet's Ans. If Dr. In the past. 274 been labeled M a. She has consulted dozens of physicians. 6 b. 17 d. * b. A she was 18. a mood disorder d. 274 a. 274 a. 21 Reynelda has a history of multiple. factitious disorder. What diagnosis is MOST likely? p. 275 a. differentiated somatoform disorder. Dr. d. none of whom have been App able to account for her pain and discomfort. one estimate Ans. D syndrome. underwent multiple medical tests. two gastrointestinal symptoms (other than pain) c.S.Dr. Briquet's syndrome. patients with undiagnosed somatoform disorders may use Fac cents of every dollar spent for health care in the U. Boddy's client is believed to have a somatization disorder. undifferentiated somatoform disorder b. 274 b. a somatoform disorder * c. 274 a. Boddy must Ans. one symptom suggesting a neurological condition (other than pain) d. a history of pain in at least four body areas p. became unable to fulfill important social. was 30 years old. occupational or other roles. B suggests that. what App undiagnosed condition(s) should he suspect? p. all of the above Lucinda has a mental disorder that has lasted ten months and is marked by six Ans. For the high-utilization patients he sees most frequently. c. 10 c. b. C be able to confirm that his client's pattern of chronic physical complaints began App before the client p. either b or c While psychiatric disorders are common in medical patients. Feelgood is a general practice physician in a large health maintenance Ans. was 18 years old. D organization. A specific complaints of pain and bodily dysfunction that are not caused by an App actual medical condition. chronic physical complaints that began when Ans. which of the following criteria MUST be met? Fac a. her disorder would have p. hypochondriasis body dysmorphic disorder somatization disorder 196 . hysteria. p. depression. 275 M * this regard? a. Kendall is convinced he is HIV positive. A similar explanation has been put Con p. male M c. female 8. 275 M forth by Samuels (1995) to understand a. 275 therapy to patients. Kendall is very resentful that they App won't confirm the seriousness of his developing illness. Aristotle.8. C a. body dysmorphic disorder. 275 b. p. D a. a U.95 What do "worms in the head" and dhat reveal about somatoform disorders? Ans. derealization disorder. d.94 Which of the following persons is LEAST likely to be diagnosed with a Ans. even though several doctors assure him that his blood tests are negative for the vims. Wanda.S. B somatization disorder. 275-6 likely? Ans.9 c. with delusions hypochondriasis 19 7 . the utilization of medical personnel as a surrogate social support network d. If they ask you to provide group p. you should address not only the somatoform disorder but also a. Theodore is attempting to understand the factors that might be causing his client's Ans. Conversion disorder tends to be associated with severe interpersonal stressors. Spanos has suggested that the dissociative identity disorder is a socially acceptable Ans. Con b. What disorder is MOST p. C organization. Several physicians have approached you to discuss their growing App awareness of somatization in their patients. dissociative amnesia. Somatoform disorders are more commonly diagnosed in developing nations. underlying personality disorders. A means of expressing distress and frustrations. b. Which of the following is probably LEAST important in App p. 275. Bryan. a U. somatization disorder.S. a Greek male p. B somatoform disorder? App a. a history of primary gain for the expression of symptoms of illness c. a Latin American male * d. agoraphobia. substance abuse problems. somatization disorder Briquet's syndrome somatoform disorder. Somatoform disorders have existed throughout history. a lack of an adequate vocabulary with which to express emotional distress You are a licensed clinical social worker employed by a health maintenance Ans. expression of social disenfranchisement and frustration b. Miguel. Symptoms of somatization are influenced by cultural norms. seizurelike If Ned has a tme neurological disorder causing paralysis in his legs. la belle indifference. D App p. an anatomically unusual pattern of physical impairment. who realizes her fears are exaggerated but cannot control them despite frequent medical reassurance b. D App p. who believes that the disease is caused by radiation emanating from stoplights and streetlights in her neighborhood d. who also has frequent panic symptoms. which of them could be diagnosed with a type of somatoform disorder? a. but extensive medical tests rule out any organic cause. b. It is likely that Sue will differ from persons with actual panic disorder in each of the following ways EXCEPT a. Carla. 6 8. d. all of the above A large medical facility wants to reduce health care costs by establishing supportive group therapy for clients believed to have hypochondriasis. B App p. 276 C 8. Which of the following types of symptoms is LEAST common in conversion 8. Sue is more likely to visit several physicians in order to confirm her illness. dissociative anxiety delusional 8. motor deficits d. he will Ans. b.103 Ans. A Fac p.104 Ans. Sue's somatic complaints will be more extensive and severe. sensory deficits c. you would expect that a group of about clients would be formed if the facility serves an average of 200 patients. Based on data from Barsky et al. Opal. Bemie. (1990). c. it has been debated whether his disorder should be moved to the disorders. 276 a. 277 E * probably exhibit a. c. mood Assuming each of the following persons is preoccupied with having a dreaded disease for which there is no medical basis.100 Ans. C App p. Wutz is treating a hypochondriasis client. 276 a. 275 M * 8.101 Ans. 277 E Dr. Sue is likely to exhibit more positive social and occupational functioning.8. a waxing and waning of symptoms depending on his activities. Sue is less likely to exhibit comorbid depression or obsessive-compulsive disorder. A Con p. who has had such symptoms for about 3 months and is missing work frequently for medical appointments c.102 Ans. cognitive deficits b. Sue. Given the substantial overlap between his symptoms and those of other DSM disorders.105 disorder? a. none of the above 198 . d. 11 16 20 Wan has a disorder in which he is certain he has some sort of grave lung disease. no conclusion is possible.8. somatization p. What condition should you suspect? Ans.109 How would Anna O. A years. conversion p. C App a. seizurelike symptoms b. dissociative identity disorder 8.107 A clinician suspects that her client with pseudoneurological symptoms may be Ans. somatization disorder p.112 For which of the following somatoform disorders might a related medical Ans. 8. 277 a. 277 b. 277 c. Which disorder would this be? App a. dissociative identity c. an anatomically unusual pattern of physical impairment a lack of sophisticated medical knowledge an indifferent. Without additional medical assessment. C condition actually be contributing to a client's distress? Con a. neurosis Con b.110 Zahur has a type of disorder that has declined in prevalence over the past 100 Ans. conversion disorder d.9 b. hypochondriasis b. 274.'s disorder be classified in the DSM-IV? Ans. dissociative identity disorder 8. C a. Which characteristic of App the possible somatoform disorder would MOST likely be absent in this case? p. somatization disorder Con b. B Her graduate training should include particular attention to which of the following App disorders? p. 278 b.106 Tara has complained for several days that she has no feeling in her arm between her elbow and her wrist. conversion disorder M d. hypochondriasis p. hysteria c. 277 c.108 Which of the following disorders is LEAST likely to exhibit a chronic course? Ans. somatization d. D feigning her symptoms in order to avoid going to work. dissociative amnesia 8. C a. 278 a. carpal tunnel syndrome p. nonchalant attitude 8. pain disorder c.111 Amee is a graduate student who intends to specialize in the treatment of children. both a and b d. conversion body dysmorphic somatization 8. conversion disorder E d. neither a nor b 19 9 . Ans. conversion c.113 Ans. d. 279 M 8. sociocultural conditions b. 279 promoted has been destroyed by this glaring imperfection. somatization d. pain disorder b. perceived control over pain producing stimuli. Priti is a plastic surgeon. Theo. B App p. Marsha. hypochondriasis p.114 Which of the following disorders occurs MOST frequently? a. A App p. feelings of depression and anxiety.8. which of the following disorders? App a. ethnicity. Ans. is high in private self-consciousness and negative affectivity. 279 b. He App is certain his coworkers joke about his defect and wonders if his potential to be p. C wondering what he can do to get rid of the huge mole on the side of his neck. and has been under chronic stress due to estrangement from his wife for two years. the history of somatoform disorders in his family c. What disorder does Henri appear to have? obsessive somatoform disorder somatization disorder body dysmorphic disorder somatophobic disorder 8. whether or not the sufferer is pursuing an injury-related lawsuit. body dysmorphic 8. 279 C Gustav is hypersensitive to changes in his body's functioning. b. diagnosed with somatization disorder d. 278-9 M * 8. c. D . the level of physiological arousal caused by his experiences d. She is MOST likely to encounter a patient with Ans. A Fac p. Which of the following persons is MOST likely to engage in alcohol and narcotic Ans. A Con p. 279 E abuse in relation to her/his somatoform disorder? a. diagnosed with hypochondriasis b. the severity of trauma in his earlier life 200 .116 Henri spends a great deal of time scrutinizing his appearance in a mirror. Art. diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder 8. Vera.118 Ans.115 characteristics EXCEPT a. body dysmorphic disorder d.117 Dr. somatization disorder The perception of pain appears to be related to each of the following Ans. What appears to be MOST important in determining whether Gustav interprets his subsequent symptoms as a sign of illness versus a mental disorder? a. hypochondriasis c. diagnosed with pain disorder c. a humanistic therapist Yusef. body dysmorphic disorder. whose biological father has a pain disorder d. somatization private self-consciousness. the conversion of emotional trauma into physical symptoms increased physiological reactivity somatic dissociation either a or b Which of the following therapists is MOST likely to emphasize the role of secondary gain in understanding and treating somatoform disorders? Bemice. a psychodynamic therapist Raoul. a cognitive therapist 20 1 . whose adoptive mother has a somatization disorder c. none of the above Which somatoform disorder may share a biological vulnerability similar to that seen in persons with right hemisphere abnormalities? hypochondriasis conversion pain somatomorphic Chronic self-absorption is to low threshold for physical discomfort as is to .Based on available data. Shirley. sensory self-consciousness What learning theory best accounts for the early family influence on persons who later develop somatoform disorders? modeling operant conditioning classical conditioning both a and b Glenda is 8 years old and has recurrent abdominal pain. which of the following persons is MOST likely to develop a somatoform disorder? Okunu. pain disorder hypochondriasis. Which factor most clearly distinguishes her from children without this disorder? negative affectivity a family marked by multiple illnesses somatosensory amplifiers high absorption Empirical research indicates that could account for the connection between early childhood trauma and later somatoform disorders. a behavioral therapist Annette. Myron. whose biological mother has a somatization disorder b. somatosensory amplifiers negative affectivity. A Con p. b. 283 a. dissociation. with pain disorder Artie..8. how many are typically associated with the disorder? An alter of the other gender.g. biofeed- Ans. d. C App p. 282 M 8. conversion. Natasha. 15 alters are commonly reported. with body dysmorphic disorder 8. a suicidal or self-injurious alter. somatization d. diagnosed with somatization disorder * c.131 List the types of alters commonly found in persons with dissociative identity disorder. Previn is considered a leading expert in the treatment in obsessive-compulsive Ans.126 Ans. body dysmorphic disorder. c. positive reinforcement. reinforcement b. provide a combination of systematic desensitization and coping skills training. 202 . and a powerful and dominant alter protective of the host personality. design a training program for physicians to deal with such patients.128 Primary gain is to secondary gain as is to .130 A multicomponent treatment program including antidepressant medication. an alter who acts out impulsive or forbidden behaviors (e. Which of the following clients is MOST likely to be referred to him for App successful treatment of her/his somatoform disorder? p.127 Ans. 283 medication intervention? a. pain disorder. 282 C 8. diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder d. any of the above For which of your somatoform clients would you MOST likely recommend Ans. stressor If you wanted to offer the most useful strategy for the treatment of persons with somatoform disorders. a child alter. Vivian. you would a. D disorder. Ophelia. B App p. Greg. Carter. with hypochondriasis Keisha. At the present time. concentrate on the reduction of comorbid depression or negative affectivity. p. a. negative reinforcement c.129 Dr. with conversion disorder b. David. diagnosed with conversion disorder b. diagnosed with hypochondriasis 8. dissociative identity disorder. SHORT ANSWER / ESSAY 8. somatization disorder. c. promiscuity or substance abuse). 283 b. diathesis. A back. and individual and family psychotherapy is MOST likely to be used for Fac a. disagree with each other about appropriate childrearing and discipline strategies. For example. are embroiled in marital conflict. Ofshe's involvement in Paul Ingram's case is a compelling example of this phenomenon. have a history of abuse themselves. Children who possess high hypnotizability would be particularly likely to engage in such a process. moreover. suggests that the disorder is in essence a socially acceptable means of expressing distress. moreover. choose aggressive means of conflict resolution. The disorder almost always begins. They possess little knowledge about normal child development. becomes associated with the child's developing personality: during the dissociative states in childhood. feelings. Hyman. 203 . repeatedly utilized.132 Describe how a person might develop dissociative identity disorder based on the dissociation-trauma model. This trauma is most commonly sexual abuse and may also be a combination of sexual and physical abuse. and others indicates that memories can be implanted and that such memories are not easily distinguished from memories of actual events. memories. and disagreement but does not actually involve mental dissociation.8. obscuring the boundaries of this proposed syndrome. 8. and behaviors characteristic of that state form the basis for the later identities in adulthood that are kept out of normal consciousness. When a child experiences such unrelenting trauma from which there is no physical escape.133 For what reasons are many clinicians skeptical of the validity and/or prevalence of the dissociative identity disorder diagnosis? It does not occur with similar prevalence across cultures. The apparent increased prevalence of the disorder may also be due to a kind of hysteria created by mass media coverage in the past several years. Spanos. This spontaneous dissociation. frustration. particularly in early to middle childhood. including unrealistic expectations for children's behaviors and skills. the work of Loftus. Also. Symptoms may be the result of the therapeutic practices of clinicians who misinterpret client reports and behaviors and/or subtly coach clients to assume multiple roles. Persons asked to role-play alters are able to convincingly do so. are poor. have limited access to social support and child care. according to Putnam and colleagues. are young (teenagers) when they have children.134 List five of the characteristics of parents who are abusive toward their children. and some therapists see such cases much more frequently than do other therapists. one of which may be imagining themselves as another person—someone stronger or smarter. 8. with exposure to severe childhood trauma. Data pertaining to physiological differences across alters are not always replicated. become easily annoyed when stressed. Bianchi's celebrated case was eventually found to be fraudulent. gave birth to children with congenital defects. she/he must rely on extreme psychological coping mechanisms. few clients begin therapy with this complaint. including sensationalized cases. There is a great deal of symptom overlap with other disorders. although childhood abuse is found in virtually all cultures. shy. 8. tired. whereas somatization disorder may be marked by more vague complaints. His tendency to be impulsive may contribute to an urge to seek out repeated medical assessment and treatment for his symptoms. further. Because he is also likely to feel worried and pessimistic (and possibly also guilty. attaching more negative interpretations than are warranted. 204 .135 What distinguishes hypochondriasis from somatization disorder? Hypochondriasis is marked by a focus on a few. negative affectivity. he may become more acutely aware of his bodily changes and minor discomforts. select symptoms that may reflect any sort of physical dysfunction.136 Maurice is high in private self-consciousness. in contrast to the multiple complaints of somatization disorder that must occur within 4 specific categories. and/or depressed). and impulsivity. includes an explicit fear of having a serious medical illness (or illnesses). How might these factors combine to foster a somatoform disorder? Private self-consciousness is the tendency to concentrate on internal sensations and private thoughts.8. Hypochondriasis. he may begin to attach feelings of concern about those physical sensations. If Maurice chronically engages in this. C depression. Juanita has an affective disorder. hypomanic disorder. feelings of hopelessness and guilt. M c. Prolonged creative efforts intensify artists' moods. difficulties concentrating. bipolar disorder.Chapter 9 MOOD DISORDERS AND SUICIDE 9. p. 288 c. 205 . sustaining an optimistic or positive outlook on life. 288 b. p. productive emotional functioning. Fac b. b.5 Another term for major depression is Ans. App b. maintaining balanced. 288 c. but the causal direction is unclear. dysthymia. c. p. d. C a. This means she has significant difficulty Ans. often leading to a Con depressive breakdown. unipolar depression. d. The intensity and depth of emotional experience in mood disorders fuels the artist's imagination. The most common mood disorder in Western cultures is Ans. What conclusion regarding mood disorders and creativity is most appropriate? Ans. Fac b. 9. 288 c. Individuals with this disorder could experience each of the App following symptoms EXCEPT p. Studies of creative writers and other artists have helped document the role of genetics in mood disorders. understanding other persons' feelings and behaviors in important relationships. p. B a. d. as in the case of van Gogh or Ernest Hemingway. double depression. Mood disorders and creativity are related. physical symptoms such as headaches and stomach aches. expressing her emotions effectively to other people. d. anhedonic depression. p. 288 a. as found in Andreasen's study of C creative writers. * d. dysthymic disorder.1 The chapter's opening case study described Margaret's experiences of unipolar Ans. leading to innovative insights. anhedonia. bipolar disorder. major depression. cyclothymic disorder. C termed App a. 288 b. B a. This is Ans. expansive euphoria. Tito has episodes of both depression and mania that occur over time. double affective disorder. D a. Substance abuse and depression are two distinct categories of disorders that overlap only when an individual uses drugs with depressant CNS effects. a 28-year-old geography graduate student d. Approximately how many adults in the U. and Fac memory impairments. 1 in 5 d. like alcohol. p. must last for at least 2 months and be associated with somatic. 1 in 3 A person's likelihood of experiencing a depressive disorder is related to what Ans. James. d. 206 . which Ans. C significant episode of depression sometime in their lives? Fac a. Stan. depressive disorders Ans. include persistent physical and behavioral disturbances that significantly impair relationship and work abilities. 289 b. c. Raymond. will lead to suicide. 1 in 18 p. substance abuse suicide In regard to the comorbidity between substance abuse and depression. a 50-year-old auto worker Cerise has been diagnosed with depression. while some people use drags to relieve depressive symptoms. Most individuals who abuse alcohol or other drugs do so to relieve the p. Studies of brain functioning reveal that the central neurotransmitters affected by alcohol and other drugs are also the neurotransmitters that control mood functioning. if untreated. C b. c. d. race and ethnicity p. are typically caused by genetic or biological factors and should be treated with M medication. gender d. Sarah. 289 b. who is MOST likely to experience depression? Ans. will experience at least one Ans. 289-90 underlying distress of a mood disorder. require longterm psychotherapy in order to reduce emotional disturbance that. perceptual. 1 in 10 E c. culture Of the following.S. 289 c. a 30-year-old successful bank president App b. Which of the following is least likely Ans. 289-90 b. C characteristic? App a. dissociative disorder p. Long-term substance abuse can lead to legal and financial difficulties that cause depression. C a. D a. anxiety disorder E c.To differentiate them from common sad moods. 289 b. A to be a comorbid diagnosis for Cerise? Fac a. a 17-year-old high school drop-out p. socioeconomic class c. D statement is accurate? Con a. a negative life event must have preceded the onset of symptoms. less. This would be specified as a App a. chronic E b. B symptom is to Con a. p. anxious depression d. b. App insomnia. D must be met EXCEPT App a. double depression. symptoms must have continued for at least two weeks. 290 c. chronic * c. mixed mood disorder p. c. She is probably experiencing p. major dysthymia. impaired immune functioning. dysthymia and double depression. A severely depressed female believed that she was being encouraged by the spirits Ans. A a. physical or cognitive symptoms must be present. 290 a. b. Chandra has been told by her therapist that she suffers from dysthymia. either depressed mood or anhedonia must be present. To diagnose an individual with major depression.9. each of the following criteria Ans. B currently experiencing more severe symptoms of depressed mood. episodic more. hypersomnia. dysthymia with melancholic features. 290 day. In Ans. p. Fac b. 207 . schizoaffective symptom. more. endogenous depression and major depression. p. 291 b. Fac a. 290 b. negative affect c. d. major depression and dysthymia. Complete this analogy: Somatic symptom is to persistent fatigue as cognitive Ans. episodic Kathy has had a chronic and mild form of depression for several years and is Ans. mood congruent psychotic symptom. less. 290 a. C of her dead parents to commit suicide. psychomotor retardation. Chandra's dysthymia is severe and App in its course. unipolar depression and bipolar depression. episodic depression. p.13 The concept of" " has been advanced to help explain the Ans. present nearly every p. incongruent delusional symptom. 291 b. daily fatigue. double depression disorder The two major categories of depressive disorders are Ans. mood incongruent psychotic symptom. B substantial overlap between symptoms of depression and anxiety. anhedonia. and suicidal ideation. A contrast to major depression. c. hopelessness. with melancholic features b.23 In as many as % of cases of major depression. psychiatrists d. treated. untreated. primary care physicians Fac b. mental health telephone hotlines If Neila's episode of major depression is similar to the majority of people with this Ans. mental health counselors p. chronic 9. d. D recurrent episodes. five c. nine p.Which of the following symptoms might be exhibited by a severely depressed Ans. a 45-year-old male. 292 a. with the average age of onset C decreasing in recent years.25 Which of the following is NOT one of the pattern specifiers for major depression? Ans. 291 b. p. A disorder. Fac a. 292 c. panic attacks M c. three 9. What App specifier most clearly applies? p. delusions p. One-quarter of these individuals also have dysthymic disorder and are much more likely to relapse in the future. 291-2 b. her depression will be and will last about months. 9. A significant motor agitation or slowness. A a. 75 Which of the following items should be removed from a student's report on the Ans. Most episodes subside without treatment. 25 p. 291 b. c. A person in contrast to an individual with less severe depression? Con a. exhibits symptoms of early morning wakening. B a. C course and recurrence of major depression? App a. Ans. schizophrenia hypomania Where do many depressed people first mm for help for their distress? Ans. 291 b. Fewer than half of the adults with this disorder will experience a recurrence of major depression during their lifetime. App a.26 Dimitri. 60 d. with seasonal pattern E d. with anxiety features p. with atypical features Fac b. with atypical features with echopraxic features with somatic features 208 . lasting about 8 to 10 months. individuals will experience Ans. untreated. and substantial weight loss. five treated. The first episode usually occurs in the mid-20's. 291 c. 48 E c. Automatic. adjustment disorder with depressed mood. catatonia If Cheryl experiences a depressive episode shortly after giving birth. Research evidence indicates that unipolar and bipolar mood disorders Ans. d. with catatonic features d. major depression. not otherwise specified. p. pathological grief reaction. 295 c. post-birth dysphoria. Irritable or depressed mood in children must last at least 2 years. 293 E these several months is referred to as a. 292-3 b. echopraxia b. parrot-like repetition of another's words is Fac called . with atypical features Which of the following criteria applies correctly to dysthymic disorder? Ans. App b. with bereavement symptoms. The occurrence of depressed symptoms during Ans. 20 9 . 292-3 c. this is called Ans. Ans. autistic d. E d. parataxia d. are both strongly linked to genetic factors. 293 c. affect women and men in approximately equal proportions. major depression. A Fac p. Onset is typically slower and duration much longer than major depression. labor-related mood disorder. B this is called . p. Hayes' wife died five months ago. with postpartum onset c. catatonic p. echolalia. b. endogenous c. B as a special subdivision according to several research studies? Con a. have an onset significantly linked to psychosocial stressors. B a. 292 b. with seasonal pattern p. Depressed mood in adults must last at least 1 year. p. Which diagnostic specifier for major depressive symptoms is least well supported Ans. postpartum onset. waxy flexibility. Con b. major depression.27 Echopraxia and echolalia are examples of symptoms related to which specific Ans. d. bereavement. p. D a. A depressive features? Fac a. c. echolalia catatonia. atypical When a depressed person automatically mimics another person's every movement. are two relatively distinct disorders.. Fac b. The individual's daily functioning is usually severely impaired. 292 a. D a. echopraxia. E d. about 5%. and bipolar Ans. D episodes are affected by psychosocial stressors. 295 c. and frequent flight of ideas. manic disorder. irritable. ." M b. and a family history of the disorder increases this risk. C a. equally common between genders p. earlier. more common in women Fac b. hypermania and hypomania. A App p. A mental health clinic is preparing a pamphlet for their clients to provide Ans. 295 a. more common in men 9. b. p. less E c.36 Major depression is more common in . The lifetime risk of bipolar disorder in the population is Ans. about 1%. Which sentence should be OMITTED? App a. d. Fac b. 295 c.39 Bipolar disorder has a(n) onset than does major depression. less 9. bipolar disorder.34 Ans. p. equally common between genders E d. "It is common for a person in a manic episode to feel on top of the world and invincible but his or her reasoning and judgment are usually poor. 9. too rare to estimate. women.40 Nikolai is experiencing a manic episode." 9. expansive. atypical depression with manic features. 295 E 9. little Ans. A information about bipolar disorder. Ans. 295 b. c.25%. d." "The depressive symptoms experienced as part of a bipolar disorder are clinically the same as those of a major depressive disorder. C a. bipolar disorder is . A need for sleep. E d. mania and depression. inflated self-esteem. cyclothymic disorder.35 Teresa has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. 295-6 b. This means that her mood alternates between a. impulsive.9. d. App what is the most appropriate DSM-IV label for David's symptoms? p. anxiety and depression. later. "Manic episodes are often triggered by life stress and will usually not occur p. With no history of major depression." "Women and men are equally at risk for this disorder. about . men. Fac a. women. impulsivity. earlier. later. elevated.37 David is exhibiting a very irritable mood. 210 . b. This means he would exhibit one of the Ans. c. men. more * d. cyclothymia and dysthymia. more p. 295 again in the future once the life stress is managed. B following mood states EXCEPT Fac a. 296 b. C information EXCEPT App a. 3. App a. A student's report on bipolar disorder could include all of the following pieces of Ans.9. bipolar I bipolar II bipolar I with psychotic features bipolar II with rapid cycling Bipolar I and II are distinguished on the basis of the Ans. 9 c. M d. his episodes of mania will last up to Ans. 30 d. is spending 20 hours a day at Ans. Bipolar II disorder signifies the presence of mild manic episodes that are unlikely to require hospitalization. A a. c. d. Bipolar II disorder. local shoe store. 5. Tasha was admitted to the hospital after she was arrested for writing thousands of Ans. 295 campaigns for every small business in the U. duration of interepisode recovery periods. 211 . B month(s) and occur with a median frequency of episodes in his lifetime. p. App Kalin is certain he will then move to New York and create similar winning ad p. the two disorders are clearly different and have virtually no symptom overlap. Both disorders are marked by episodes of major depression. Psychotic delusions of grandeur or other delusions can occur in both disorders. 296 b. p. which best explains why bipolar disorder may be mistaken for Ans. 295-7 b. A psychological evaluation App requested by her lawyer revealed clear manic symptoms. struggling advertising executive. B dollars in bad checks over the past two weeks. the majority of bipolar individuals exhibit interepisode recovery. 3. women and men are equally likely to exhibit rapid cycling of episodes. 1. c. severity of depressive episodes. What diagnostic category would best fit this description? a. presence or absence of psychotic features. p. a young. A schizophrenia? Con a. 296 c. 15 Of the following.41 Kalin. 6 p. Fac b. duration of manic episodes. What manic disturbance does this belief reflect? grandiosity flight of ideas pressured thinking psychosis If Enrique's bipolar disorder is typical.S. A work developing "the $64 million dollar campaign" for a small. 296 depression last year. Functioning can become so impaired as to require psychiatric hospitalization. more individuals are diagnosed as exhibiting Bipolar I vs. Such a mistake is unlikely. d. with a history of major p. 298 c. unipolar disorder was linked to genetic markers on the X chromosome. Katarina's moods have fluctuated between elevated and depressed. D regarding his identical twin. Martin. hypomanic-depressive disorder. a form of mania that alternates rapidly with depression Fac b. Fac b. a less severe form of mania Over the past few years.Which of the following accurately describes hypomania? Ans. mood disorder due to a general medical condition. B App p. medically-induced mood disorder. but she has maintained adequate functioning on a day-to-day basis. The best diagnosis for this depression would be App p. c. to identify and trace a genetic marker for a disorder across generations. Fac b. D a.52 Tim & Tom. p. C App p. c. The mid 1980's studies of an Amish community in Pennsylvania claimed that Ans. a more severe form of mania p. B a. dizygotic twins. also develop bipolar disorder. bipolar disorder was linked to genetic markers on the 11th chromosome. develop some kind of mood disorder. no consistent evidence could be found for genetic influences for mood E disorders. * d. 297 b. A a. d. to identify genetic overlap between unipolar and bipolar mood disorders M through family studies. 7 d. 298 b. to determine the effectiveness of drug treatments for disorders linked to biological causes. The most accurate prediction Ans. monozygotic twins. For what purpose do mood disorder researchers conduct a linkage analysis? Ans. b. a. d. to evaluate the proportion of genetic influence by comparing MZ vs DZ twins. depression not otherwise specified. 2 b. 298 E depressive disorder than are Sue & Sam. Ans. atypical mood disorder with somatic features. is that Martin will probably App a. bipolar II disorder with full interepisode recovery. develop a form of unipolar depression. 4 c. 9. 212 . c. 298 E a. 298 c. Benjamin is exhibiting a depressive disorder that is caused by severe dysfunction Ans. develop cyclothymia. 10 Rick has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. are times more likely to both have major Ans. d. bipolar disorders I and II were found substantially more frequently in MZ twins than in DZ twins. she is probably exhibiting a. 296-7 c. p. depression with manic features. atypical Like the other 3 to 4% of young adults like her. cyclothymic disorder. a type of mania occurring only in cyclothymia E d. p. D of his thyroid gland. adoption. Because MZ twins have both genetics and environment in common. Twin. B Fac p. C Con p. c. d. a family study of cyclothymic disorder Which of the following summary statements is best supported by current Ans. a linkage analysis of dysthymia in a close-knit population c. 213 . the failure to replicate the findings of the Amish study cast doubt on the validity of such research topics. to estimate the separate contribution of those factors in mood disorders. 299 b. adoptive relatives of individuals with major depression b. d. adoption studies are conducted to compare the frequency of disorders in Con biological vs adoptive relatives. The genetic vulnerability to mood disorders could involve faulty neurotransmitter functioning or endocrine system dysfunction. c. 297-9 disorder. A research? Con a. While genetics are influential for some disordered individuals. which of the following Ans. Ans. B statements is BEST supported by research? Con p. Genetic factors are more influential in bipolar disorder than in unipolar p. A a. Linkage analysis has demonstrated that bipolar disorder is most likely caused by a defect on the 11th chromosome. with current technologies. and family studies suggest that genetic influences are equally important in both unipolar and dysthymic depression. bipolar I disorder. bipolar and unipolar mood disorders. b. studies of families with common psycho-social characteristics are required in order to hold this factor constant to measure genetic influences. Genetic factors are more influential in unipolar disorder than in bipolar disorder. Genetic factors appears to be equally influential in the development of both unipolar and bipolar mood disorders. d. which of the following studies would best support your idea? a. environmental factors explain the causes of most mood disorders. In regard to genetic influences on mood disorders. 298-9 C * If you hypothesized that genetic influences are important in mood disorders.56 Ans. major depression with rapid cycling. 298 M high rates of a. 9. a twin study of bipolar disorder d. it has been concluded that both factors contribute equally to the high C prevalence of mood disorders in these twins. 298-9 C a. d. it is not scientifically possible. p. M b. c. While genetic factors may be influential in mood disorders. b. c.First-degree relatives of individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder tend to show Ans. bipolar disorders with psychotic features. comparison of biological vs. high. Patients given reserpine for high blood pressure developed symptoms of depression. serotonin c. 300 b. Carlito has been exhibiting inattentiveness and poor concentration. A Fac p. b. poor impulse control and under-inhibited actions d. good concentration and introverted 214 . 299 E Which neurotransmitter has NOT yet been implicated in mood disorders? a.59 Ans. serotonin 9. Drag treatments for schizophrenia were found to also affect major depressive disorder. c. higher According to the hypothesized influence of transmitters. App a. 299 M What occurred during the 1950s that led to the development of theories about biological processes in depression? a. C depressed symptoms are the result of levels of . 299-301 b. The effectiveness of shock therapy for severe depression was discovered. what behaviors would Ans. p.60 Ans. p. Low levels of the 5-F£LAA metabolite have been found in many depressed C individuals. Twin studies documented the presence of depleted catecholamine levels in the brains of depressed MZ twins. 299 b. Drag treatment for bipolar disorder lowers norepinephrine activity. d. If the original catecholamine theory explains Rhonda's mood disorder. decreased anxiety Ans. lower b. the catecholamines c. acetylcholine b. It is possible that the neurotransmitter App is than usual. norepinephrine. norepinephrine d. aggressiveness and extroversion c. Drugs that lower catecholamine levels increase symptoms of depression. Medications for depression that increase catecholamine levels trigger mania in some individuals. high. 300 a. B and little inhibition of his actions. lower serotonin.9. dopamine d. low aggression and good impulse control p. B you expect if a person's dopamine level was abnormally high? App a. low. serotonin Each of the following findings contributed to the original catecholamine theory Ans. D Fac p. norepinephrine p. higher d. Rhonda's Ans. B EXCEPT Fac a. low. serotonin. norepinephrine. C disruption has been implicated by the chemical action of lithium? Fac a. 300 b. p. 301 b. Cortisol 9. enlarged synaptic clefts 215 . In addition to specific neurotransmitter abnormalities. C b. B App p.68 Ans. d. c. lowered receptor sensitivity p. Indirect measures of serotonin indicate that it is often relatively low in depressed patients. D proteins' formation of first messenger chemicals. 300 b. whether serotonin is abnormally high or low M c. dopamine p. Fac a. D EXCEPT Con a. higher in most mood disordered individuals than in non-disordered individuals. If serotonin "gives [biological] permission" for a mood disorder. You would expect MHPG levels to be Ans. D a. norepinephrine d. magnetic resonance imagery Each of the following findings suggests that the neurotransmitter serotonin is a Ans. d. interactive effects between 2 or more transmitters. c. C disorder would be shaped primarily by .MHPG is a metabolite of norepinephrine. computerized axial tomography b. positron emission tomography x-ray topography d. Prozac (fluoxetine) inhibits re-uptake of serotonin. functional Dr. what other biological Ans. the number or receptivity of receptors. What imaging technique will be employed? a. faulty reuptake or degradation of transmitters. Neural activity in mood disorders could be affected by each of the following Ans. 300 c. p. 299-301 swings. c. disruptions in sodium ions d. low in depressed individuals and elevated in manic individuals. d. Indirect measures of serotonin indicate that it is sometimes relatively low in bipolar patients. B factor in mood disorders EXCEPT Con a. 300 b. contributing to a decrease in depressive symptoms. elevated in depressed individuals. "leaky" synaptic vesicles c. similar to levels of 5-HIAA in both unipolar and bipolar disordered Con individuals. It is typically high when norepinephrine is low. contributing to bipolar mood p. Wiatt ordered a brain scan that will measure his patient's level of glucose metabolism in his auditory cortex. the specific Ans. B Con p. adrenaline b. and become depressed C b. give up her high standards. hypothalamus b. evidence of growth suppression in depressed patients. and become depressed turn her anger inward. 301 E * a. D childhood. phallic c.74 Ans. reject her friends. which psychosexual development stage is most important in Ans. when close friends fail to meet Tanya's high expectations for App attention and approval. Which primary hormone is being produced in his situation? App p. elevate her ego-ideal. A App p.73 An argument for the role of the HPA axis in mood disorders should include all of Ans.Which portion of Anna's brain is primarily responsible for regulating her endocrine system? Ans. cingulate gyms d. ACTH 9. Cortisol d. These theories compete with biological explanations and thus are essentially incompatible with biological approaches. 302 a. thalamus Kevin is experiencing severe stress today. genital p. turn her anger outward. bipolar disorders. 301 E a. b. and become depressed 21 6 . 302 b. according to Freud? p. Most of these theories address individuals' reactions to loss of control and power. 302 M Each of the following is a correct depiction of psychological theories of mood disorders EXCEPT a. develop insecure attachments. medulla c. Later. Such theories tend to focus on unipolar vs. depressed patients' "failure" on biological challenge tests. anal d. C crises with supervisees. elevated levels of Cortisol and its metabolites in depressed patients. As a psychoanalyst. oral Tanya's mother was extremely permissive and doting throughout Tanya's Ans. rushing to meet deadlines and managing Ans. 301 b. the importance of catecholamines as transmitters affecting the hypothalamus. c. harbor a sense of inadequacy. and become depressed fail to engage in introjection. d. CRH c. D the following data EXCEPT Con a. and behavioral explanations. Tanya would react in what way. cognitive. p. D your explanation of depression? App a. including interpersonal. 9. These theories address several different domains. John Bowlby b. while duration of depression is most directly affected by a lack of social support from friends. C Bowlby. rather than a consequence. 303 E a. object relations E c. c. what conclusion is unfounded? Ans. decreased social support is primarily a cause. She will fail to develop effective coping strategies for dealing with stressors. introjection Which of the following psychological processes is de-emphasized in modem Ans. C Fac p. 303 recognizing the social support being offered by friends and family. 302 E What process do depression-prone people engage in following the loss of an important person? a. A depressed person's withdrawal and self-imposed isolation result in decreased availability of social support.9. Regarding the role of social support in depression. reaction formation b. Stephen Suomi d. She will develop maladaptive cognitive beliefs about herself and the world. Which of the following researchers has provided support for the attachment theory of depression based on studies with Rhesus monkeys? Ans. early attachment Sara has developed an insecure attachment with her caregiver. Con b. insecure attachment d. 302 b. A lack of social support can contribute to the onset of depression. Depression onset is most directly affected by a lack of social support from family. distorted cognitive processing prevents depressed persons from accurately p. the adverse change in others' mood and actions that follow such interactions may contribute substantially to depressed functioning. Peter Lewinsohn c. impaired self-esteem d. p. A psychoanalytic theories of depression? Fac a. Depressed persons tend to elicit rejection and hostility in their interactions. ego idealization c. 303 leading to reduced social support. b. anger turned inward p. which also improves the individual's mood temporarily. Martin Seligman An interesting finding from research such as Coyne's which looks at the Ans. D Fac p. 217 . She will fail to develop realistic standards for her own behavior. According to Ans. why might Sara be vulnerable to depression in the future? App a. of a depressive disorder. She will develop interpersonal characteristics that elicit criticism and rejection p. M b. persons who interact with a depressed individual tend to feel better after the interaction. 302 from significant others.77 Ans. D a. D interactions between depressed individuals and others in their life indicates that Con a. what p. learned helplessness theory c. What theory of depression grew out of this work? Fac a. He is likely to feel helpless and self-critical because he will overempathize with Gary's feelings. conditioned amotivational theory d. Marcel has been talking to his roommate. He is likely to feel good because he has been supportive of Gary. According to Coyne and others' research. 303 would you best predict about Marcel's mood after this interaction? a. 304 attention to herself. 304 b. C crisis. some dogs failed to try to escape shock Ans. Rhem's self-control theory b. Whose theory best accounts for Melinda's depression? Beck's cognitive theory Rehm's self-control theory Lewinsohn's reinforcement theory Pyszczynski & Greenberg's self-awareness theory When Marcia wanted to go back to college to finish her degree at age 40. He is likely to feel good because he has recognized his own more fortunate situation. she was Ans. Which theory could best account for Marcia's developing depression? learned helplessness self-control cognitive triad self-awareness 9. As a result. she tends to ignore suggestions from friends and family. Melinda lives in a very small town that has been experiencing a severe economic Ans. and I can't go back to school". She only completed a fifth grade education and thus has few job skills.86 Ans. Gary. she dropped out after her first year and felt like a complete failure. she did not seek the instructor's help because she was sure she'd be viewed as incompetent. Beck's cognitive theory c. C very depressed for two weeks over the break-up of his engagement and often App wants Marcel's help and advice. who has been Ans. insisting that p.For the last hour. B when in fact they could do so. He is likely to feel hostile and rejecting toward Gary because of Gary's dependency and negativity. A App p. 304 "things won't ever change for this town. B sure that instmctors would think she was too old and wouldn't give her a fair App chance. He ends up thinking quite poorly of himself and has trouble putting aside temporary setbacks in his long-term goals. 304 M * Ryan has always been very perfectionistic and rarely gives himself credit for things he does well. self-control theory p. When she felt confused about assignments. App Further. Finally. she decided to sit at the back of the class and avoid bringing p. Whose theory would best explain why Ryan might become depressed? a. negative schema theory 218 . Pyszczynski & Greenberg's self-awareness theory Lewinsohn's reinforcement theory After being exposed to inescapable shock. "I wouldn't have lost my job if I weren't so stupid. but my parents don't take the time to hear my side of the story. how App would Kristen respond to an upsetting argument with her parents about her low p. 304 grades? M a. 219 . it's no big deal and I don't really care anyway. A negative self-schema develops largely through primitive thinking and distortion of positive feedback. but I'll probably bring my grades up next semester if they'll just leave me alone for a while!" "I was really dumb because I didn't study much. often characterizes a depressive self-schema." "I was lazy for the whole semester. my classes are only going to get harder and I won't be able to keep up. The self-schema develops in childhood as a result of interactions with the Ans. What characteristic of depressed persons does this most clearly represent? negative attributional style pessimism learned helplessness negative cognitive triad Kristen's therapist believes that Kristen is depressed because she approaches Ans." "I just can't handle college.Toni got a promotion recently but thinks she was just lucky and that she doesn't Ans. C Con p." "Now that I've been let go'." "I can't stop thinking about that day my boss gave me my notice. c. D conflicts in her life with a negative attributional style. 306 E environment. Which of the following statements would NOT App represent one of the factors that could contribute to Rich's hopelessness? p. She made a small mistake on a memo App on the first day in her new position and concluded she really was stupid and p." M b. A really have the skills for the new position. "We got in the fight because we were all tired and edgy that night. "My family and friends are going to find out I'm completely useless to them and they won't want to be around me. One of two important themes. d. every time." Rich is experiencing several symptoms of depression after losing his job due to Ans. If this were the case. nobody will even think about hiring me for a decent job. Activation of a negative self-schema leads to automatic thoughts and cognitive distortions. 304 nothing would ever go right for her. relationships or autonomy. 305 a. I feel the shock all over again. C management's 'down-sizing'." Each of the following statements is correct in regard to the self-schema EXCEPT a. b. B from other students. What thinking error p. When she fails her first mid-term exam. she mentioned that App she had the highest grade in the class on the mid-term exam but insisted this was p. and goals. self-schema p. p. and the future. negative self-schema M activates negative self-schema activates. the self.Janice is very concerned about achieving success in law school without any help Ans. 306 is she exhibiting? M a. cognitive triad develops. cognitive biases operate negative self-schema activates. and future experiences. 305-6 c. A session. 306 only a "fluke" and that she's really "incompetent" in the course. self. work. according to Beck? p. 306 c. D a. others. magnification personalization arbitrary inference selective abstraction A depressed client being treated with cognitive therapy came to her weekly Ans. present. what is the likely App chain of events that could lead to depression. the world.94 The cognitive triad in Beck's theory of depression refers to negative views of Ans. cognitive triad develops. While discussing her progress in classes that week. and social relationships. D a. automatic thoughts occur. negative cognitive triad Con b. negative self-schema activates. past. Fac b. 305-6 a. D comments for improving her use of metaphors and similes. Which of the following thinking errors is she exhibiting? minimization personalization arbitrary inference overgeneralization 22 0 . thinking errors E d. cognitive biases operate Which of the following characteristics does not belong with the other three? Ans. personal life. When Martine got an English term paper back with an "A" on it along with some Ans. hopelessness * 9. she was sure that the App whole paper needed to be completely rewritten to be any good. cognitive biases operate. d. cognitive triad develops automatic thoughts occur. 9. Three weeks later. Even when she improves. It is distorted slightly." Sam insisted. b. and the future E b. Positive feedback tends to be distorted by depressed persons. D depression. It is slightly distorted in a positive direction. c.99 Ricki wants to become the best skier in her class." M b."I will never be good enough for my father to love. At mid-semester. p. 306 b. mature thinking? App a. D following statements EXCEPT Con a. B of her. Depressed persons exhibit primitive and erroneous thinking." d. self-control theory 9. How could he Ans. If he applies Pyszczynski and Greenberg's theory. It is slightly distorted in a negative direction. It tends to be very realistic. the world. what factors will App he ask Marta about? p. her views of herself. Cognitive biases cause depression. 306 so distant.101 What is most accurately predicted about a nondepressed ("normal") person's view Ans. her relationships and her tendency to be overly compliant and dependent * c. 307 critical and self-blaming." c. maybe I'll understand why he's p.100 Mitch is trying to help his friend. Beck's cognitive theory b. "I can be really difficult for my father to deal with and I'm often angry when we interact. Marta. her tendency to engage in frequent self-reflection and to blame herself for not reaching her goals 9. self-awareness theory c. "Sometimes my father seems to be distant and distracted and I don't know if he even notices me. 307 a. "I don't think my father will ever deserve my love and concern. and she decides to focus all of her time and energy toward improving App her standing. understand possible causes for her Ans. What theory most clearly predicts that Ricki will become depressed? a. she ignores that because it is M still not the best and she ends up feeling worthless.or himself? Fac a. Cognitive biases can be effectively treated through therapy. her excessively high standards for herself and her hopelessness about reaching them d. A revise that primitive thinking to reflect reversible. 308 persons. though it could be in a positive or negative direction. she is still third and she is increasingly selfp. B third highest. "If I try to see things from his point of view. 22 1 ." 9 98 Research conducted to evaluate Beck's theory of depression supports each of the Ans. unlike the distorted self-attitudes of depressed p. learned helplessness theory d. she is ranked Ans. Who is most likely to experience depression. who spends time with p. 308 b. Bemice. unemployed mother of three young children. Marion. whose mother died when Rachel was 3 Beth. 308 M Why might "distortion" be a misleading representation of the cognitive processes of individuals with depression? a. psychodynamic d. who lost her mother two years ago Rachel. slightly unrealistic optimism c. Margie b. bom in 1952 d. Depressed people tend to be more realistic in evaluating themselves than are nondepressed persons in some situations.106 Depression is increasingly common in younger cohorts. which paradigm best accounts for the decreasing age of Ans. b. low standards for goal-directed behavior d. Increased social stress is causing both mental and physical health problems in general but is not uniquely responsible for causing depression. Depressed people recognize the errors in their thinking but cannot alter the patterns without help. Dorian.103 Ans. bom in 1955 9. bom in 1945 c. based on prevalence data? a. employed with no children 22 2 . Increased incidence of depression is causing more frequent impairments in social and occupational functioning. A Con p. D frequent and severe stressors.104 Ans. Alice. a sense of personal invulnerability p. Candice. thus creating increased stress. Which of the following cognitive characteristics would you Ans. 309 her best friend.107 Based on Brown and Harris' (1978) work. C b. attachment 9. 9. B expect her to exhibit. George. None of the above are appropriate. Depressed people usually perceive other people in terms of personal biases 9. unemployed mother of four young children. B onset of depression in the last several decades? Con a. Increased social stress is causing higher rates of depression. who of the following is most Ans. realistic self-evaluation 9. D App p.102 Nan is not depressed. Depressed people usually develop their thinking patterns in childhood as a result of early biasing experiences. employed mother of two. who are exposed to more Ans. What conclusion about stressors and depression is Con appropriate? p.105 According to your text. biological p. bom in 1920 b. 308 b. sociocultural c. 308 C that do not merit the term "distortion". C vulnerable to depression? App a. based on comparisons with depressed persons? App a.9. 308-9 a. worries about being abandoned. ruminating 9. p. dependency-oriented 22 3 ." 9. Mark.9.109 Traumatic events do not cause depression for everyone. socialization mat emphasizes rumination about failure and incompetence 9. A that will be more likely to become depressed due to . socialization that emphasizes introspection and passivity p. 3i 10 personality. distracting c. what should App they recommend to him? p. 9. sociotropic achievement. this is known as the sociotropic. a great deal of criticism. symptoms of major depression. 309 b. deliberating d. Brown and Harris (1978) Ans." M b. A found that was an important factor that increased the likelihood of Fac depression among women experiencing such events. p. You're really good at it. "Let's go bowling. self-focused depressive style insecure early attachment cognitive biases 9. internalizing p. 309 a. this is known as the personality. Based on coping style research.110 Which coping style described in the text is most similar to Pyszczynski & Ans. self-critical.112 Tina and Mark have just finalized their divorce. Ann is very focused on others. "Let's talk about what happened and how you're feeling about it. Tina. App a. a lack of emotional coping resources Susan is often perfectionistic. disinterested detachment. and we'd like to spend some time with you. d. and is very uncomfortable when she cannot find anyone to spend time with. "You should probably spend some time alone and collect your thoughts. 310 b. Nolen-Hoeksema's work predicts Ans. Your prognosis would be MOST guarded if his family members exhibit App a. focusing on why the relationship ended. and feels very guilty when she tails to meet her academic goals. lack of social support b.113 Ans. dependent autonomy-oriented. You'll forget her soon enough. A depression. 309 b. c. Tina." d.111 Michael's friends want to help him cope with his feelings of depression following Ans. emotional overinvolvement with John. C the break-up of his engagement. B App p. 309 a. "Just try to get over it." c.108 John has been released from the hospital following treatment for major Ans. a lack of a supportive social network c. D Greenberg's self-focusing process? Con a. depressive autotropic. Mark. What kind of drug would she be taking? a. You would include all of the following statements EXCEPT Con a. A medication for their major depression? App a. She could be taking A or C 224 .117 Ans. C App p. who has a sociotropic personality and just moved away from home for the first time b. who has a sociotropic personality and just lost his job d. a tricyclic b. c.114 Ans. Research has effectively eliminated the cognitive perspective in terms of contributions to understanding depression onset. Most models of unipolar depression include both a diathesis and a stress p.and interpersonally-oriented stressors. what percentage would you predict will show improvement in their symptoms? a. 9. 310 M Drawing on socialization and personality style research. d. 306-311 component. achievement. 55 years old 9. an MAO inhibitor d. Maria. which person below is at greatest risk for depression? a. Both biological and psychological predispositions are relevant to the understanding of a depressive diathesis. 312 b. psychodynamic "flight from depression" p.9.116 Marvin has bipolar disorder. Timothy. D App p. who has a sociotropic personality and just broke up with his girlfriend 9. 311 b.119 Ans. 312 b. 21 years old c.118 To which of the following clients would you NOT recommend antidepressant Ans. Nancy. especially for later episodes d. 45 years old d. Individuals become depressed for many different reasons and no single cause of this disorder will be isolated. Sabrina. both of which must be present for depression to occur. 14 years old p. about 80% A group of depressed adults is being treated with antidepressant medication. A App p. life stress disruptive of social or biological rhythms c. Stephen. B depressive disorders. Norris. Tamara. who has an autonomy-oriented personality and just broke up with her boyfriend c. 312 E * Rosalind has been given a drag that alleviates her depressive symptoms by making neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and serotonin more available at the synapse. anSSRI c. B for explaining Marvin's disorder? App a. Which psychological theory has the most support Ans. C b. selfcontrol theory's "excessive self-reward" 9. this is achieved by preventing the transmitters' chemical breakdown. Edgar. Drawing on available research.115 You are writing a summary of the state of the field in regard to understanding Ans. about 95% about 75% about 65% 9. Impact on neurotransmitter levels and amelioration of symptoms occur simultaneously. amitriptyline p. A of both norepinephrine and serotonin.9. SSRI 9. bupropion 9. p. phenelzine c.121 Nardil is to Tofranil as to Ans. SSRI E d. 313 b. tricyclic Con b. Which drug might he be taking? App a. Fluoxetine Ron. 312 c. The specific mechanisms by which antidepressants affect symptoms are not fully understood. 9. a Vietnam veteran with severe depression. MAO inhibitor.122 Conchita's psychiatrist has recommended that she take Prozac to alleviate her Ans.125 Ans.120 Antonio's depression is being treated with a medication that prevents the reuptake Ans. 312-3 symptoms. C a. MAO inhibitors are least likely to be used due to side-effect concerns. A a. SSRI 9. E d.123 Martin's SSRI medication for depression will target the neurotransmitter Ans. b. tricyclic c. MAO inhibitor. App b. 9. Which category of antidepressants does this drug fit? App a. MAO inhibitor p. What type of antidepressant medication should not be prescribed for Ron? a. SSRI. C following statements EXCEPT Con a. serotonergic d. sertraline d. 312 b. serotonin. sertraline. MAO inhibitor p. reserpine. has developed cardiovascular problems.124 A student's report on antidepressant medications could include each of the Ans. imipramine sertraline buproprion 22 5 . D depressive symptoms. 312 c. dopamine. A App p. 312 b. tricyclic. The various categories of medications are about equally effective in treating p. an MAO inhibitor 9.127 If Gerardo takes an MAO inhibitor and does not adhere to dietary restrictions.129 Dr. anSSRI. a tricyclic an MAO inhibitor. about one year 9. sedative effects. 9. simultaneous treatment of depression and mania. 313 Marco should probably NOT receive . also suffering Ans. d. 313 b. In other Ans. Given the sideApp effects of certain medications. p. an SSRI trazedone. Marco. What mood disorder is Ans.131 Ans. she intends to prescribe the drug for App a. has a family history of bipolar disorder. c. 313 b. 313 M * Each of the following statements applies to the drug lithium EXCEPT a. 226 . epileptic seizures d. It is effective for approximately 80% of individuals with bipolar disorder. b. Because of concerns about toxicity and mood alterations. blood levels must be monitored regularly. c. trazedone a tricyclic. cyclothymia 9. about 6 weeks p. Ans.128 Your sister has begun taking an antidepressant medication. Paulette might be a candidate for but p. 313 b. d. longterm prevention of depression. C most likely? App a. major depression p. 4 to 6 months d. a. B words. bipolar disorder d. 313 b. mental retardation c. cardiac dysfunction 9. It is often intended to be used prophylactically. C would you expect her to be treated with the drug? App a. calming. high blood pressure p. Moodi is prescribing an antidepressant for its prophylactic property. major depression with psychotic features c. A Con p. A what side effect could result? App a.130 Lithium has been prescribed for Sammi's mood disorder. birth control. 3 to 4 months c. The chemical mechanism by which it works in the brain is not known.126 Paulette's depression is marked by psychomotor agitation.. About how long Ans. B unipolar depression. and media investigations provide compelling evidence of the behavioral dangers of Prozac. and thus his physician has prescribed carbamazepine buproprion ECT valproate Which antidepressant has stirred intense controversy. Prozac has demonstrated biochemical effects similar to those linked to violently aggressive behavior. an anesthetic or other muscle relaxer. Compared to the treatment she might have received in the 1950s. administration of oxygen. 227 . anecdotes. Martina is scheduled for ECT. Lithium has not been effective. endorse? Well-controlled studies indicate that suicidal behavior in persons taking Prozac is no more likely than in persons taking other antidepressants. she will benefit from each of the following improvements EXCEPT fewer treatment sessions without need for prophylactic follow-up. You would be concerned about the possibility of each of the following side effects EXCEPT kidney damage thyroid damage high blood pressure tremors If an individual responds poorly to lithium. Case studies. While side-effects associated with Prozac are less troublesome than those of other drugs. what anticonvulsant medication might be tried? thorazine valproate carbamazepine tegretin Tiko has bipolar disorder with prominent depressive features.You are a psychiatric nurse responsible for monitoring prescribed treatment with lithium. in part for its adherents' claims that it makes you feel "better than well"? Parnate Elavil Prozac Paxil If you listened carefully to the controversy around Prozac. unilateral vs bilateral administration. which conclusion would you. its effectiveness as a treatment for depression is not yet reliably demonstrated. as a critical thinker. While not conclusive. and how to develop and enjoy positive friendships.142 Ans.139 Thirty patients have been treated with ECT at the state hospital and have Ans. despite its name. Due to a lack of resources. oxygen deprivation in the brain d. What App approach is Olga's therapist endorsing? p. B App p. c. for its effect on phase delays in the endocrine system. and other specific current symptoms. focus on issues of self-esteem. 315 a. Compared to traditional psychodynamic therapy. c. be substantially shorter in length. work through unconscious conflicts to alter underlying personality structure.138 What side-effect of ECT is still relatively common today. behavioral b. none of them will undergo App continuing treatment once they are released as outpatients.141 You are a junior high school teacher who wants to refer a severely depressed Ans. b.143 Olga's therapist is helping her leam how to relax. consisting of several hours of bright light during the morning M and early afternoon. an SSRI. light therapy. Coping with Depression course self-monitoring skills interpersonal 9. you would be App most confident with which of the following interventions? p. d. Based on available research. broken bones c. short-term psychodynamic supportive-expressive cognitive 228 . how to communicate her ideas Ans. Froid is offering short-term dynamic psychotherapy to her depressed clients. low-level ECT. memory loss p. The effective treatment for her Ans.9. C responded well. during the winter months. fewer than 10 10 to 15 more than 15 25 to 30 9. 316 a. 315 prediction as to how many will experience a relapse of their depression? a. 315 b. What is the best p. 315 b.140 Greta has major depression. seasonal pattern. consisting of two hours of increasingly bright light in the morning before waking. 9. A and feelings assertively. light therapy. her approach will NOT a. though less severe than in previous years? Ans. death 9. 9. cognitive-behavioral restmcturing b. C depression would probably be App a. B student to a psychotherapy group. include her playing a more active role in the therapy session. A Fac a. d. 315 M Dr. sleep difficulties. p. D Con a. 317 orientation is the therapist most clearly employing? a. D decide which one(s) demonstrated the greatest efficacy. B actions lead you to make this conclusion?.145 Tawny was comparing some of the therapy modalities for depression and trying to Ans. Behavioral therapy is slightly more effective than cognitive therapy for long-term benefits. C App a. case study d. Jose's therapist is asking him about the various roles he plays in his life. 229 . B some have undergone change recently.148 What research strategy is represented in the NIMH's Treatment of Depression Ans. naturalistic observation 9.147 d. 317 b. affective-expressive cognitive behavioral interpersonal 9. d. What Ans. 316 different explanation?" -. and whedier he experiences difficulty App managing his roles as dad. behavioral c. Behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy are equally effective for short-term M benefits. which treatment approach would you recommend? Ans. which App should she endorse? p.146 Which psychotherapy approach is closest to the biological model in its view of the origin of depression? Ans. interpersonal therapy p. Of the following. correlational p. experimental c.. and part-time student.9. behavioral interpersonal cognitive psychodynamic 9. 317 b.149 Merlin is severely depressed. executive. Cognitive therapy is slightly more effective than medication for long-term benefits. b. volunteer. cognitive p. cognitive therapy c. antidepressant medication Any of the above will result in similar levels of improvement for Merlin. B Collaborative Research study? Con a. Can you think of other reasons why App she might be acting that way? Might you feel differently if you considered a p.What therapeutic approach is this counselor using? a. psychodynamic interpersonal 9. 317 a. Medication is less effective than cognitive therapy for short-term benefits. whether Ans. 9.144 "You say you're depressed because your wife doesn't love you anymore. c. What p.. Based on the NIMH treatment study. 317 b. psychotherapy will probably show somewhat greater long-term benefits over medication treatment. B more frequently than men do. 317. 23 0 . She will recover within a few months even without formal treatment. medication alone is the treatment of choice. If unipolar disorder is present. "The Individual and Social Costs of Sub-Clinical Chronic Depression" "Suicide and Depression: The Myth of Social Support" "Treatment of Depression: Medication Alleviates Need for Psychotherapy Approaches" 9. cognitive therapy will slightly outperform medication for long-term benefits. She will probably experience an episode of mania in the future.9. "Depression: The Homogeneous Disorder" b. a socialized sensitivity to interpersonal stress of self and others b.153 Ans. She will benefit equally from either medication or psychotherapy for short-term benefits. 50 if treated with cognitive or interpersonal therapy. Each of the following characteristics are statistically likely to apply to her EXCEPT p.151 You are a graduate student studying depression in the year 2002. A App p. Ans. 291.150 Constance Hammen suggests several reasons why women experience depression Ans.19 the data? a. and thus the title of your App thesis could be p. c. C health center. about what number of clients will exhibit improvement at the end of treatment? 9.and long-term benefits.319 M * a. b. B Constance Hammen's predictions have come to fruition. If bipolar disorder is present. 318 a. Based on research regarding the effectiveness of various therapies. 70 regardless of treatment approach b. 318 a. 319 M A clinical study is underway with 100 depressed outpatients. which characteristic Fac does NOT apply to women? p. combining antidepressant medication with either cognitive or interpersonal psychotherapy will probably be most effective for short. App what recommendation could the intake interviewer make that is best supported by 9.154 Marta is experiencing her first episode of major depression. 55 regardless of treatment approach d. d. Several of Ans. She will probably experience a recurrence of depression in the future. C Con p. a susceptibility to alterations in neurochemistry due to hormonal fluctuations a greater willingness to admit and express emotional distress a tendency to employ emotion-focused coping strategies 9. Drawing on information presented in the text. 60 if treated with cognitive or interpersonal therapy c.152 A mood disordered client is talking with an intake interviewer at a local mental Ans. If bipolar disorder is present. If unipolar disorder is present. 75 if treated with medication a. Drawing from her discussion. 85 if treated with medication. 155 One of the most serious problems associated with mood disorders is suicide. A App p. Samantha. when she got home she took a mild overdose of p.157 Ans. D divorce. Germany Which of the following persons is at the lowest risk for committing suicide? a. What Ans. Terri. religious or social beliefs fostering a reluctance to identify a death as a suicide. a 20-year-old Native American male c. D App The local medical examiner might find it difficult to obtain an accurate estimate of deaths due to suicide for each of the following reasons EXCEPT a. Suicide rates vary across cultures and across ethnic groups within the U. b. the U. an 18-year-old black male d. Psychological autopsies indicate that the people who commit suicide are clinically depressed. a 60-year-old white male c. B Fac p. b. a 24-year-old Hispanic female 231 . 319 c.S.161 Ans. Risk-rescue ratio described by researchers indicates that most suicidal people hope to be saved from their actions. a 16-year-old black male b. 319 b. and she is increasingly unhappy at her job.159 Ans. Hubert. Matthew. 319-20 E Which of the following statements from a student's report on suicide should be removed because of its inaccuracy? a. 8% p. implicit suicidal intentions masked by high-risk behaviors. Ireland c.9. her husband has been talking about Ans.S. a 40-year-old white female d. Rachel. b.158 Jamie was severely abused as a child. Females are more likely to attempt suicide than are males. 320 sleeping pills. Japan d. Muriel. Benny. Roy. d. 26% 9. while males are more likely to complete suicide. B App p. 320 M 9. suicide attempt quasi-suicide attempt sub-lethal behavior parasuicidal behavior 9. On Friday night. 320 M In which country would you expect to find the lowest suicide rate? a. What description would a psychologist give to these actions? a. 320 E 9.160 Ans. Recently. B percentage of depressed persons commit suicide? Fac a. she went out App with some acquaintances to a bar. B Con p. 9. difficulty differentiating "accidents" from intentional events. a tendency to classify single-vehicle car accidents as probably suicides. a 28-year-old black female b. p. 20% d. 15% c. 9.156 Ans. a 45-year-old white female Which of the following persons is at the highest risk for completing suicide? a. Fac b. p. the contagion effect. Which of the following persons is most likely to have committed suicide p. 9. A a. 321 c.167 Currently. a 28-year-old black male a 45-year-old white male a 19-year-old white male a 17-year-old black male 9. 320-1 M A descriptive report on suicide could contain each of the following statements EXCEPT a. b. committed suicide at age 17. 321 b. The overall suicide rate for the United States has increased steadily over the past 30 years. substance abuse p. a white male. C regarding the cause of suicide? Con a. externalizing behavior disorders. 9. 320 M * Which of the following persons is at the highest risk for completing suicide? a. a recent publicly humiliating experience M c. The most common means of attempting suicide involve self-poisoning or drug overdoses. Which of the following factors Ans. Raya. Benny. D Con p. and no common risk signs were App exhibited. D is LEAST LIKELY to have contributed to his action? App a. using a firearm. biological d. Suicide rates have increased substantially over the past three decades for young people.165 Each characteristic below distinguishes adolescent from adult suicide EXCEPT Ans.164 Ans. 322 b.166 John. a 38-year-old black female c. Matthew. behavioral 232 . suicide pacts. social isolation 9.163 An individual has committed suicide impulsively. which paradigm provides the least compelling empirical evidence Ans. sociocultural p. the suicide of a friend at school * d. a 60-year-old white male b. No note was left. A App p. a 22-year-old Hispanic female 9. C conviction for armed robbery. E d. following a Ans.9. completion rates are present for both adolescents and adults. 321 in this manner? a. cognitive c.162 Ans. Gender differences in attempts vs. an 18-year-old black male d. longstanding mental health problems. Muriel. He probably had a family history of schizophrenia. Chera. which accounts for this link. a Mexican-American female from a family with strong ties to the Anglo culture 233 . believing they would eventually die in the gas chambers. C App p. anomic 9. anomic suicide altruistic suicide 9. A at the LOWEST risk of suicide? App a. egoistic suicide c. not suicide per se. D through poor market choices. 322 a.173 Social change and mores are associated with suicide rates. no biological factors have been established as a cause of suicide. Her children rarely visited.170 Ans. A medical autopsy revealed extremely low levels of 5-HIAA in his CSF. fatalistic suicide p. many Jewish persons killed themselves during internment in Ans. 322 b. D protest social conditions in India.172 During WWII. Carl. egoistic. 9.168 Quentin.171 Karl was a stockbroker in New York who lost $3 million of his investors' funds Ans. 35 years old. 323 a. Marguerite. Her suicide would be characterized as a. 323 a. This biochemical abnormality is probably related to impulsive. D marriage. 9. altruistic anomic egoistic 9. A concentration camps. an African-American male living in a poor urban area c. p. alienated. 323 b. 322 b.9. fatalistic b.169 Mahatma Gandhi was willing to commit suicide through self-imposed starvation to Ans. fatalistic * c. Which of the following sociocultural views would describe his act? p. This is probably just a coincidence. a Hispanic female with a strong commitment to Catholicism p. a Native American male living in a tribe emphasizing individuality d. App Durkheim would view their action as a representation of suicide. altruistic M b. How would Durkheim describe this? App a. committed suicide following the loss of his job and his Ans. fatalistic. Richard. App What seems to be the BEST interpretation of the connection? p. watching television. An older woman lived alone in a small apartment in a dilapidated senior citizens' home. egoistic d. Which person below is Ans. He committed suicide after being fired from his App position. aggressive behavior. anomic. His low level of serotonin probably caused both his depression as well as his C suicidal behavior. and she spent virtually all of her time alone. negative automatic thoughts p. funding for extracurricular school groups to reduce adolescents' isolation and hopelessness. serious and substantial consequences for selling alcohol to minors.9. sociotropy c. interpersonal theory: poor coping skills for negative affect c. D Fac p. 326 C You have been asked to recommend a suicide prevention program.S. According to Lester's work and the views of many other App psychologists. divorced. cognitive theory: hopelessness derived from early experience 9.179 Ans. Married persons are at a lower risk than are single.176 Reynelda. which of the following are incorrectly Ans. by informing adolescents of means of suicide that they otherwise would not have known about b.. professional. strict gun control. Cultural variations in social connectedness have an influence on suicide rates. given their likelihood of repeat attempts c. A matched? Con a. b. A rates of teen suicide. 9.177 Ans. social-skills focused group counseling for persons who have attempted suicide. you would endorse each of the Ans. attributional triad d. and widowed p. low social support) b. 324 b. you should seriously consider passing laws related to p.174 Considering the role of social support in suicide. D of the following cognitive attributes is the best predictor of a suicide attempt? App a.178 You are a member of your state's legislature and are very concerned about the rising Ans. 9. A temporary loss of social support is weakly associated with suicidal behavior. depressed. attachment: negative self-schema p. has several distorted cognitions. 323 persons. Loss of social support is a significant factor in suicides committed by the most vulnerable group in the U. 325 E How might school-based suicide-prevention programs have actually contributed to the increase in suicide among adolescents? a. like many depressed individuals. public awareness campaign and programs for substance abuse d. supportive individual therapy for at-risk persons (e. by over-emphasizing risk factors and creating excessive pressure on "normal" teens d. by implicitly characterizing suicide as a normal response to severe stress 9. qualified staffing of crisis centers and hot lines. Which Ans.175 Regarding developmental factors in suicide. Which approach would you expect to be most effective? a. b. 324 b. by creating channels of communication in school by which adolescents can more * easily obtain firearms c. hopelessness 9. B following statements EXCEPT Con a.g. anger management and self-control techniques to address the aggressive and impulsive behaviors that underlie suicide 234 . psychoanalytic theory: unresolved internalized anger toward primary caregiver d. 325 a. C App p. bipolar disorder vs. c. Does this person appear to require hospitalization? d.182 You are developing a cognitive-behavioral intervention for your client who currently Ans. 326 b. How can I help them resolve their current emotional crisis? b. duration and treatment. and recurrence. 9. cyclothymia? Major depression: episodic disorder of severe unipolar depression Dysthymia: chronic disorder of less severe unipolar depression symptoms Bipolar: episodic disorder with both manic and depressive episodes (I vs.184 Describe the typical characteristics of a major depressive episode in regard to onset. Onset: typically mid-20's in age. D episode for all of the following reasons EXCEPT Con a. with longitudinal research revealing an average of five to six episodes in a 20-year period 235 . 326 E As a crisis line worker. the risk of suicide could actually be increased. more common in females.181 Antidepressant medications are relatively ineffective in treating an acute suicidal Ans. dysthymia vs. Who might I refer them to for help with a possible underlying psychological disorder? c. onset age decreasing in recent years Duration & treatment: eight to ten months. but p.or himself? 9. depressive episode similar to that of major depression Cyclothymia: chronic disorder of less severe bipolar symptoms 9. 327 is LEAST likely during this crisis. They have little effect on the neurotransmitter related to impulsive. d. II can be distinguished by duration of mania). p. What level of imminent danger does the person pose to her. a.183 What are the distinguishing features of major depression vs. An overdose of these medications could cause serious bodily injury or death.9. what would be your FIRST concern when talking with a suicidal individual? a. During initial treatment. D believes that suicide is the best solution to her current emotional distress.180 Ans. violent behavior. typically not treated Recurrence: as many as three-quarters experience recurrent episodes. minimizing distortions in problem-solving finding "shades of gray" in making judgments viewing hopelessness as a negative interpretation developing higher standards for self-worth SHORT ANSWER I ESSAY 9. There App are several characteristics of her thinking that you would want to address. Their mechanism of action is too slow for a therapeutic effect. D App p. he has been dependent on others for approval and his self-esteem is easily swayed. Further. these same drugs caused symptoms of mania in some depressed individuals. by others' reactions to his needs. is frequently low in persons with depression. diminished depressive symptoms. Thirdly. suggesting that excessive levels of catecholamines caused mania and low levels caused depression. respectively. Drawing from Freud's theory. that the drug reserpine created symptoms of depression in persons who took this hypertension medication. believing that his marriage should have endured under any circumstances. research suggests that bipolar disorder is more strongly affected by genetic factors than is major depression. some form of interactive theory will probably be needed to understand the role of these biochemicals in this disorder. may play a role.186 Describe three research findings that supported the original catecholamine theory of mood disorders. by psychosocial stressors. Too. From childhood. he has introjected his wife and feels angry that she has abandoned him. His depression may be exacerbated if he also maintains excessively high ego ideals. Bipolar disorder seems to be more frequent in higher socioeconomic classes. he turns the anger inward toward himself. Because of the diversity of neurotransmitter functioning in depressed persons. It is known that reserpine lowers catecholamine levels. Bipolar disorder also has a somewhat earlier onset than does major depression and appears to be less affected.185 Describe six central non-symptom-related differences between major depression and bipolar disorder. medications that were known to increase catecholamines. Why has that theory been revised? The first piece of evidence came from the finding.9. with prevalence rates of roughly 1 and 20 percent. The prevalence of bipolar disorder is substantially lower than that for major depression. 236 . recent studies of bipolar disorder suggest that other neural factors. although there is some overlap in the risk factors associated with these mood disorders. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI's) have proved to be more generally effective for depressed individuals. Vulnerable now to the loss of his marital relationship. explain the origin of Carlito's depression. 9. and it is this process that produces Carlito's symptoms of major depression. for better or for worse. particularly norepinephrine. whereas depression appears to be equally common across SES groups. early over-indulgence by) his parents. a metabolite of serotonin. Unable to effectively cope with this anger. Finally. Many studies have revealed that 5-FflAA. and the newest class of drugs. such as sodium ion instability. Bipolar disorder shows no appreciable gender difference in prevalence. 9. Carlito developed a vulnerability to depression as a result of early disappointment in (or. The theory was revised when it was discovered that not all depressed persons exhibited low catecholamine levels and that not all depressed persons improved when given drugs that increased norepinephrine. in the 1950s. in regard to onset and worsening. while major depression is twice as common in women than in men.187 Carlito is depressed following a final decree of divorce from his wife. his failure to achieve his goal will increase his cognitive symptoms of worthlessness and guilt. tendency to draw negative inferences about overall self-worth = Rehm's fourth element . As a result.block reuptake of NE and SE SSRI's . however. Later. less likely to leave a suicide note or to give away prized possessions. given the lesser taboo status conferred on the act. Abramson's second factor . Tricyclics . appears to affect endocrine system Mania: Lithium (carbonate) . then. Primary distinction . 9.9. 9.focus on most negative consequences of events = Rehm's second element .190 List the biological treatments available for maj or depression and bipolar (mania) and briefly indicate their effect: Major depression: MAO inhibitors .Abramson's model focuses primarily on cognitive attributional biases for external events without an emphasis on high standards for behavior. prevention programs conducted in the schools are also in part responsible for this. The increasing stresses in the environment. be vulnerable to major depression as an adult? It is possible that Sandy's mother was either unresponsive to Sandy's emotional distress as a young child or she may have been belittling and unsupportive when she did respond to her daughter's distress.not yet known Carbamazepine & valproate .189 Two of the three factors which contribute to the development of hopelessness. who had an insecure attachment to her mother. Ironically. and Rehm's theory includes explicit attention to self-imposed operant behavior consequences. are primarily responsible for the rising suicide rate.188 Why might Sandy.unspecified 9. as an adult. The contagion effect. this inhibition and ineffective coping will leave her vulnerable to depression in the face of significant life stress.block the enzyme monoamine oxidase which would otherwise break down neurotransmitters such as SE or NE. They are.concentration on immediate negative events. specific action unknown Light therapy .for seasonal depression.191 Describe three ways in which adolescent suicide is different from that committed by adults. according to Abramson and colleagues. Finally.selectively slow the reuptake of SE Unilateral ECT . some psychologists assert that the greater availability of guns is an important culprit. 237 .for severe depression. Provide support for this statement and indicate a primary distinction between these two models. What factors appear to have contributed to the rising suicide rate in this age group? Adolescents are more likely to commit suicide impulsively following an acute life stressor (particularly following a public humiliation or getting into trouble). as are suicide pacts.explanation of events in terms consistent with negative self-schema. Sandy learned to inhibit her help-seeking behaviors and was unable to successfully leam how to regulate her emotional experiences. including the impact of television depictions of suicide. is more commonly associated with adolescent suicide. with gunshots being the most common form of death in adolescent and young adult suicide. including cultural changes. are quite similar to two of the factors outlined in Rehm's self control model of depression. Abramson's third factor . rather than as a response to social isolation or hopelessness. alogia. The term schizophrenia was coined by Ans. d. dementia praecox. E d. B are normally integrated to respond to the demands of reality is called Fac a. D schizophrenia occurred Fac a. 332 b. p. E c. emotional disturbance. Lionel believed his dog was causing all his Ans. Pinel b. epilepsy. catatonic type. and disorganized psychosis as a. an individual with schizophrenia. d. hallucinations. p. Stephen. A a. b. immature. Bleuler As a clinician in the 1890s you would classify your patient's silly. d. schizophrenia. These are specific examples of p. hebephrenic type. psychosis. Emil Kraepelin. autistic type. C App p. p. 238 .6 Ans. Fac b. Alzheimer's disease. Kraepelin c. affective type. B problems and that enemies were everywhere and he had to fight or mn from App them. delusions. c. schizophrenia. in descriptions of patients from the early 19th century. multiple personalities. 10. * d. 333 b. B App p. dementia praecox.4 The first unequivocal. A psychosis marked by a fragmentation of the basic psychological functions that Ans.Chapter 10 SCHIZOPHRENIA In the case of Lionel Aldridge. in reports made by physicians during the Renaissance. 10. Eugen Bleuler. Kurt Schneider. schizophrenia. a. Schneider d. 333 c.5 Ans. 333 If you were a student of . c. hallucinations. JohnHaslam. you probably contributed to the influential work that identified the subtypes of dementia praecox.5 b. 332 a. 333 M * 10. schizophrenia. multiple personality disorder. b. p. in ancient Greek writings. A symptoms EXCEPT App a. formal historic description of what is currently called Ans. c. could have each of the following Ans. in depictions of sinful behavior during the middle ages. 332. 334 b. self-centered fantasy thinking. 333-4 a. Bleuler : Four A's p. Kraepelin. manic depression b. b. mind. early in this century. Rollo just returned Ans.10 "Schizophrenia" is best conceptualized as a split Ans. and Rollo is a new patient in a London hospital. You could Ans. Bleuler d. progressive. As a physician in the U. A expect to see any of the following primary symptoms in patients EXCEPT App a. according to . simplex subtype. What App prediction would you make for the diagnosis made by his new physician? p. personality. d. The conceptualization of schizophrenia as an early onset. Bleuler. c. Kraepelin 10. C incurable deterioration into mental weakness is most similar to that of Fac a.S. B has completely withdrawn from others into an internal world of imagination.S. Kraepelin Fac b. working with psychotic patients. Crow p. 334 b. Morel : demence precoce It is 1936. incongruent emotion and action. hebephrenic subtype. Gottesman. 10. You are a medical student in 1911. Schneider : first rank Con b. incoherent ideas. B schizophrenia were you most likely to favor? App a. 333 c. 333 b. 334 a. C a. Kraepelin p. and Ans. schizophrenia dementia praecox hebephrenia 239 . autistic subtype. mind. Schneider. where he was first diagnosed with schizophrenia. delusional subtype. auditory hallucinations. Kraepelin : primary symptoms d.13 Which of the following historical pairs is mismatched? Ans. A home from the U. Schneider * d. p.If you employed Bleuler's nosology to describe your schizophrenic patient who Ans. Bleuler M c. p. 333-4 c. D a. personality. c. Bleuler . whose definition of Ans. you App would diagnose this as the p. For six months Letitia has held a pervasive belief that her husband is having App an affair. b. M b. apathy. Bleuler d. Bill has symptoms of catatonia. p. He has heard two voices speaking to each other for a month. alogia. has been seeing dead friends. and disorganized speech. C a. all of the above Which diagnostic approach describes DSM criteria for schizophrenia? Ans. B The clinician making this statement is referring to the patient's App p. d. C a. She regularly uses PCP. 334 c. His positive symptoms could include Ans. c. Isaac has been unable to interact with others for six months due to a lack of emotional responsiveness. classical Con b."Mr.334 c." Ans.c. Martinique has been depressed for two years. and flat affect that Ans. and emotional ambivalence. increased ventricles. A have caused problems in his life. Bob has experiences in which he feels that he is unstoppable and is likely to behave in a reckless manner. Kraepelin p. Why could Bill not be diagnosed as "schizophrenic"? duration criterion not met hallucinations not present dysfunction criterion not fully met minimum "characteristic symptoms" criterion not met Hector has schizophrenia. polythetic d. d. 334-5 preceded by relatively normal functioning. avolition. At other times he is depressed and unable to do even simple tasks. B a. 334-5 follow him. E d. a. 334 c. 334 b. 65. ambivalence. excessive dopamine. and believes that everyone is out to get her. avocation. and catatonia. social withdrawal. catatonia. 240 . She has spent thousands of dollars hiring private detectives to p. inclusionary Which of the following people has schizophrenia according to the DSM-IV? Ans. grossly disturbed speech. D IV? Fac a. and frontal lobe atrophy. hallucinations. Allegretti exhibits one of the classic Schneiderian symptom of psychosis. delusions. Which clinician's conceptualization of schizophrenia is preserved in the DSMAns. including a demotion at work and hostile App conflict with his spouse. App b. delusion of grandeur. Schneider . p. These symptoms have been present for 4 months. homogeneous p. This is a App delusion of p. 336 a. If she focuses on Ans. Dr. His long-term prognosis is probably quite poor. reference. He demonstrates strange behavioral disorganization. 334 b. p. thought broadcasting. positive correlation. b. As the number of negative symptoms increases. c. Deluded is conducting a family study of schizophrenia. A there could hear all her thoughts. C impairment increases. d. c. thought deletion. thought reference. He probably has Type II versus Type I schizophrenia. d. spurious correlation. d. delusion of reference. This is a(n) Con a. c. psychoticism and disorganization. the likelihood of long-term Ans. M b. B App p.334 b. delusions and hallucinations. 334 c. Andy believes that part of his brain is turned inside out and that this causes him Ans. Terri was convinced that when a staff member dropped and broke a glass at Ans. negative correlation.10. Type I and Type II symptoms. 241 . 335-6 a. p. 33. b. d. 336 a. delusion of reference. thought insertion. somatic delusion.21 Ans. d. b. Tsu-Ming was unwilling to attend her group therapy session because everyone Ans. she will investigate the clusters of App a. control. will probably not be an effective treatment. Medication Reginald is exhibiting several negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to apply to him? a. She exhibits the delusion called App p. delusion of control. D the positive symptoms of the disorder. This is a App a. causal correlation. C family and therapist had been abducted and replaced by hostile aliens. A to think and speak in a language that no one else understands. 335 b. c. When a client was involuntarily committed to a hospital. delusion of grandeur. he believed that his Ans. persecution. B lunch it was a sign that she should avoid drinking her milk because it was App poisoned. p. This is a p. c. enmity. circumstantial delusion. d. tactile hallucination. delusion of control. pathological excesses and deficits. tactile.In Leon's opening words to the group assembled at the Ypsilanti State Hospital. one at a time. Statistically. hallucination. A experience App a. which of the following correctly depicts the Ans. What number probably experience hallucinations of some sort? App a. was clearly evident when Leon Ans. 337 b. Jill's schizophrenia includes hallucinations. App b. auditory hallucinations. control spoke of "electronic imposition"? a. somatic. Which of the following hallucinations would be most common for a person with schizophrenia? Ans.S. They will maintain their identity without any alteration. smelling decaying bodies and acrid smoke d. visual 242 . 7 E c. leading to a final rejection of the original identity. 336-7 a. B schizophrenia. gustatory. d. delusion. tactile hallucinations. visual. auditory d. 337 c. 337-8 b. 9 d. What is the most App likely outcome of their frequent contact and interaction? p. p. p. Jill is most likely to Ans. b. Each will repeatedly challenge the identity of the others. hearing a command to run in front of a moving car From LESS to MORE common. somatic and gustatory hallucinations. illusion. They will eventually alternate their turns in that role. 5 p. are brought Ans. D App p. which delusion. auditory. tactile. visual c. Ten newly admitted patients at a state hospital are diagnosed with Ans. 337 b. A hallucinations of people with schizophrenia? Con a. auditory p. C a. olfactory. 10 Briefly mistaking a shadow for a threatening intruder is a(n) Ans. A together for several months in one ward of a state hospital. 336 b. feeling ants crawling on one's legs and arms c. D App p. reference jealousy persecution Three psychotic men who believe they are the President of the U. E d. seeing figures of demons and ghosts in a crowd b. 337 E * a. collusion. tactile. visual hallucinations. besides being Jesus Christ. E c. One or two will probably adopt a similar but different delusional identity to reduce conflict. A a. 338 c. d. anhedonia c. neologisms and echopraxia clanging and word salad derailment and neologisms "Gene. p. Which symptom below provides Ans. loose associations. I Ans. 338 b. D leapt swiftingly from rock to rock. clang associations. B a. word salad and perseveration b. He said that he App knew this was considered "crazy" but couldn't believe his "brain was good p. Fac b. word salad. "The neotility of people confounds me. Fac b. 339-40 a. The future. * The dramatic characteristics of catatonia are an example of Ans. derailment alogia A neologism is a Ans. class of antipsychotic drugs used to reduce positive symptoms. Which of the following is NOT a specific diagnostic App criterion? p. A clinician is assessing the presence and severity of a client's negative Ans. his inability to stop the perception on his own." Which two symptoms of thought disorder are present? p. 338 a. C schizophrenic symptoms. disrupted affective processes. specific delusion of grandeur in which someone believes he is Napoleon. brain structure dysfunction which is implicated in schizophrenia. avolition b. This would be considered a hallucination for each reason below EXCEPT his report that the devils are visible no matter what he does. his recognition that his experience is strange. word created by a person exhibiting a formal thought disorder. C clinical evidence of this disruption in thinking? App a. 337 enough to make that up!" Only medication stopped his strange perception. the jean jeanie" is a phrase that clearly reflects Ans. d. cognitive derailment. C a. perseveration. redores with futility and App inner reduplication. 339 c.From an actual case: A schizophrenic inmate in a prison for the criminally Ans. 339 c. Vincenzo has a formal thought disorder. p. perceptual misinterpretation. App b. it said. p. E d. disordered behavior. a delusion of reference p. B insane said that he often saw spiritual devils off in the distance. flat affect social withdrawal alogia 243 . All the while running to the store. his belief that the devils were real. He finds it Ans. This condition is p. anhedonia Which of the following disorders does NOT belong to the "schizophrenic Ans. C spectrum"? Fac a. avolition * c. D very difficult to engage schizophrenic individuals in conversation because they App seem to have very little to say or speak extremely slowly. psychomotor retardation M b. p. 244 . It could be caused or exacerbated by the medications used to treat the positive features of the disorder. alogia. anhedonia. paranoid personality disorder p. d. delusions. B interested in any activities occurring on her ward. When schizophrenia is compared to the spectrum disorders. This is probably diagnosed as App a. schizophreniform disorder due to a physical condition. Which symptom of App schizophrenia does this reflect? p. c.Which of the following statements is FALSE in regard to the flat affect found in schizophrenia? Ans. which of the Ans. aphasia. 341 disorders. It is more commonly evident in the residual than the active phase of the Type I disorder. 340 a. c. schizophrenic spectrum disorder. There is less research available on characteristics and causes of spectrum p. D following descriptions is NOT applicable? Fac a. 340 M a. 341 b. psychotic disorder due to a general medical condition. Spectrum disorders represent more limited and less severe symptomatology. It is roughly as common as are auditory hallucinations. b. C temporal lobe epilepsy. 340 known as a. antimotivational syndrome d. substance-induced psychotic disorder delusional disorder Ms. Martina spends most of her time staring blankly out a window and is never Ans. 341 b. flat verbalization. A Con p. The lack of emotional expression appears to be related to a similar lack of internal emotional experience. schizoaffective disorder E c. and bizarre motor behavior caused by Ans. with both symptoms typical of the majority of individuals with the disorder. A substantially better prognosis is associated with spectrum disorders.43 Brannon is volunteering as a nurse's aide in a psychiatric hospital. Racita has hallucinations. Symptoms of each spectrum disorder have a duration of 6 months or less. delusional disorder with psychotic features. b. 10. d. Geoff. one third Statistically speaking. Munchausen's proxy. 341 Which disorder might apply to Alberto? a. E d. 343-4 b. A symptoms. Fac b. schizophrenogenic psychosis. a 25-year-old female p. delusional disorder schizophreniform disorder grandiosity disorder process schizophrenia If Vera is an inducer who influenced her son. one tenth p. Which diagnosis would be most appropriate for her? p. 341 a. 343 b. p. this would be called App a. Marta c. a 24year-old male Schizophrenia usually has an onset Ans. in the early twenties. 343 c. schizophreniform disorder b. 245 . Michael. Thad. C a. He believes he has been chosen to save App humanity from the evils of the impersonal high-tech society that imprisons it. Within three weeks. D behaviors following a traumatic. one fifth c. violent accident. 341 b. A creating social harmony and efficiency. in early childhood. B App p. these App symptoms ceased. has the best prognosis. a 15-year-old female c. c. Among them. and bizarre Ans. one quarter d. 341 M * major depression with psychotic features. Roughly what proportion of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia will continue Ans. a. Erika has a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder. Alberto is seeking to begin a new society based on his own principles for Ans. posttraumatic stress disorder with psychotic features schizophrenic spectrum disorder brief psychotic disorder Randall has a diagnosis of disorganized schizophrenia. a 30-year-old male d. which of the following persons is MOST likely to be Ans. D diagnosed with schizophrenia for the first time? App a. p. the contagion effect. after age 30. Randall b. folie a deux. Marta has a diagnosis of Ans. loose associations. C to suffer symptoms even when they take medication? Fac a. to act out psychotic Ans. Kendra.Gisela experienced visual hallucinations. at the beginning of puberty. All have equally poor prognoses. Erika d. Tracey. p. c. absence of speech p. 344 a. hospitalized 10. Kraepelinian b. D schizophrenic patients at the end of a 10-year period.334. A following is related to her disorder but not to childhood schizophrenia? App a. He will show substantial improvement in his symptoms. A Which of the following prognoses is LEAST supported by research? App a. extensive support still needed * d. d. 15 25 32 Which of the following outcomes is LEAST likely for hospitalized Ans. Ans. difficulty perceiving the environment adaptively Elijah's behavior has become increasingly peculiar in the past few months. and often responds with irritation when approached. symptoms improved. B is hoarding newspapers. He Ans. symptoms unimproved.Rebecca is an eight year-old who is diagnosed with autism. B countries. Bleulerian Schneiderian DSM-IV 24 6 . He will undergo the residual phase of the disorder. You are conducting epidemiological studies of psychotic disorders in three Ans. p. 344 b. based on available data? Fac a. C Based on the data reviewed by Watt and Saiz (1991). What phase of schizophrenia will occur next? active autistic prodromal A psychiatrist is conducting a study of long-term outcomes in schizophrenia. He will have recurring symptoms. disturbance in social behaviors d. relative independence achieved E c. 344 a. 10 ~ b. residual others. You are likely to find the highest prevalence rates if you employ a App definition. completely recovered p. He will be hospitalized more often as he ages. the researcher might App expect % of his sample to completely recover.45 a. disturbance in mood c. 344-5 b. Ans. p.59 A diagnosis of schizophrenia has been given to Terrell for the first time. symptoms improved. 344-5 b. is sometimes verbally unresponsive to questions from App p. p. Which of the Ans. c. broader vs. d.0 percent. 347 b. 0.2 percent. 0. B schizophrenia? App a.5 percent. individualistic social organization patterns 10. d. you would be MOST likely to find empirical Ans. b. from Spain p. which of the following findings Con would support your view? p. 345 b.7 b. greater mortality associated with pre. 345 b. from India c. Which factor was NOT included in the text's Controversy section regarding Ans. The milder forms of schizophrenia found in developing countries have a C prognosis similar to that of schizophrenia proper.and perinatal injury and illness p. 2. from the U. 345. causal factors associated with the disorder d. Juan.61 According to the generally accepted standard. Gregory. The use of a Kraepelinian-based definition results in the identification of fewer cases of the disorder in industrialized countries. overall morbidity risk for the disorder p. the likelihood of developing a physical illness secondary to a mental disorder the likelihood of developing a disorder if a family member develops a mental disorder As a sociocultural psychologist. D prognosis for schizophrenia across cultures. the likelihood of developing a mental disorder or physical illness during one's Fac lifetime p. A a. differences in mental health services and prevention programs * d. 1. the prevalence of schizophrenia in Ans. What is a person's "morbidity risk"? Ans. prognosis for the disorder Which of the following persons has the best chance of recovery from Ans.0 percent. Children of schizophrenic parents in developing countries are more likely to exhibit the disorder than are children of such parents in industrialized countries. the likelihood of death due to suicide by someone with a mental disorder E c. collectivist vs.66 If you proposed a biological explanation for the documented differences in Ans. Sesh. from Australia d. C the world is about Fac a. c.10. Random samples of adults in developing countries demonstrate fewer structural brain abnormalities than do such samples in industrialized countries. Ann. 247 . D evidence supporting cultural differences for which aspect of schizophrenia? App a. C cultural variations in the prognosis for schizophrenia? Fac a. p. gender-related differences in morbidity risk c. 347 a. narrower definitions of the disorder M c. 345 b.S. residual catatonic autistic 248 . undifferentiated type schizophrenia. 348 b. paranoid c. undifferentiated High suicide risk. disorganized type schizophrenia. paranoid * d. C episodes of relentless motor activity. 348 schizophrenia is this? E a. he shows little disorganized behavior or speech. A schizophrenia as it occurs cross-culturally? Con a. App displays inappropriate emotions. p. hebephrenic b. and difficulty relating to App others due to elective mutism. paranoid type schizophrenia. catatonic M c. ________ type. 348 a.70 Jody began to develop schizophrenic symptoms at age 15. A on gradually and have progressively worsened. disorganized p. App however.You would place LEAST confidence in which of the following descriptions of Ans. The DSM-IV preserves each of the original subtypes of dementia praecox. 345-7 b. and relatively Ans. Ans. its overrepresentation in lower socioeconomic status classes p. Jody often speaks incoherently. Janeway has a schizophrenic patient requiring constant supervision due to Ans. later life onset. females d. overexcitability. family aggregation of the disorder Kenji has a persistent feeling that everyone is conspiring against him and Ans. 348 hygiene. Jody's diagnosis is a. B frequently hears voices telling him he should hide himself from outsiders. His symptoms came Ans. undifferentiated 10. gender similarity in morbidity risk c. earlier onset and poorer prognosis for males vs. catatonic d. catatonic d. catatonic type schizophrenia. What type of p. Her patient has schizophrenia. C sudden symptom onset are characteristic of which type of schizophrenia? Fac a. simple p. generally better prognosis. hebephrenic Dr. residual b. 348 b. affective c. D Which is now referred to as "disorganized"? Fac a. and has difficulty maintaining his personal p. C family aggregation study. Kelli. 348 c. the family environment is the cause of schizophrenia. had poor premorbid adjustment. better Lodovic is an inpatient on a psychiatric ward. mutism p. I. worse II. Family studies of schizophrenia demonstrate that Ans. has a relatively poor prognosis. This means that Lodovic App a. p. had an onset of symptoms at a very young age.Which term does not belong with the other three? Ans. C a. if a first-degree relative has schizophrenia. d. Fac b. p. 350 b. there is a strong positive correlation between genetic relatedness and risk of schizophrenia. most of her family will not develop schizophrenia. comes from a very large family. contraband. a. concordance case. genetic inheritance is the cause of schizophrenia. While her first degree relatives are much more likely to be at risk compared to control families. a person with paranoid schizophrenia. Her family members are about six times more likely to be at risk for p. c. autism 10. d. Rita. linkage case. Which Ans. proband. exhibited symptoms that came on suddenly. D prediction below is most clearly supported by family studies research? App a. I. His psychiatrist describes his Ans. 349 b. This means that Rita is the App a. a patient suffering from Type Ans.74 Mira. 350-1 schizophrenia than are members of a control family. that twin has roughly an 85% chance of developing die disorder. catalepsy M d. worse II. p. most of the other family members will develop schizophrenia. B psychotic condition as a reactive schizophrenia. and her family are taking part in a Ans. echopraxia Con b. B App p. 349 b. One of her parents is more likely to have the disorder than one of her siblings. a schizophrenic proband. C b. has a a gradual onset of predominantly negative symptoms. c. If Kelli has an MZ twin. 350-1 c. 24 9 . better schizophrenia which has a rapid onset prognosis than a person who has and many positive symptoms. D a. does not. 352 b. If you hypothesize that schizophrenia is caused solely by genetic transmission. Both twins' children are at equal risk. Cherise. C has developed schizophrenia. 352 b. China d. B you would predict a percent concordance between DZ twins. U.79 You could legitimately criticize several early family studies of schizophrenia for Ans. Seth and Christopher. who are monozygotic twins with a schizophrenic mother If Dr. Schneider Rick and Ryan are monozygotic twins who have a schizophrenic parent. d. Argentina c. varying operational definitions of "schizophrenia. Ans. d. App a. have some type of debilitating psychological problem. C children are at greatest risk for schizophrenia? App a. DSM-IV b. which is about 17%. 352 b. 334. Beth and Kristen. eventually develop schizophrenia. Cammie and Ashton. who are dizygotic twins with a schizophrenic mother p. Whose Ans. Ryan will App a.S. be at a substantially elevated risk for a psychological disorder. Concorde wished to conduct adoption studies of psychotic disorders. p. D Con p. c. Which pair of individuals has the highest chance of concordant schizophrenia? Ans. whose maternal grandparents were both schizophrenic App b. which is about 42%. Ans. 250 . Kraepelin c. Denmark p. 50 c.10. Bill and Jodie. Tatiana's p. 25 p. 350-1 b. lack of blind interviewers." c. failure to specify sample selection criteria. 352 c. A each of the following flaws EXCEPT Con a. D a. Tatiana has schizophrenia. Bleuler a.52 d. A where might he most wish to work? App a. 352 b. Rick Ans. 75 d. 100 Whose definition of schizophrenia would produce the highest concordance rate? Ans. her MZ twin sister. d. Cherise's c. who are siblings with a schizophrenic mother E * d. inconsistent definitions of "genetic relatedness." p. Both twins' children are at equal risk. not become schizophrenic unless he has a traumatic experience or brain injury. contrary to the trend evident in other studies. c. One biological parent has the disorder. B App p. What kinds of social support and levels of traumatic stress are present in Lani's life? b. "Psychosis-prone" subjects were about 8 times as likely to develop p. Very few of the "psychosis-prone" students or their relatives developed a psychotic disorder. 353-4 schizophrenia compared to control subjects. p. D Scale and the Magical Ideation Scale. M b. a low socioeconomic class combined with a stressful job can lead to M schizophrenia. Charles' biological and adoptive mothers are both schizophrenogenic.86 Ans. his adoptive parents do not. One adoptive parent and step sibling have the disorder. The diathesis did not appear to be specific to schizophrenia. 352 M Charles was adopted by the Hestons when he was 9 months old. c. High scores on the perceptual aberration and magical thinking measures were most strongly related to risk of later psychosis. A of Wisconsin schizotypy study? Fac a. schizogenia c. C Which of the following questions would be LEAST useful in assessing Lani's App p. One adoptive parent has the disorder. neither biological parent does. catalepsy d. schizotypy Which of the following is a FALSE description of the results of the University Ans. a pair of monozygotic twins reared apart will develop schizophrenia concomitantly. Ans. Does Lani possess the recessive gene identified as the likely mode of transmission? Does Lani exhibit dysfunction in smooth-pursuit eye tracking? The diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia predicts that Ans. 353 b. a defective genetic inheritance will eventually lead to development of Fac schizophrenia. What characteristic is being assessed? App a. Under which of the following conditions is he most at risk for developing schizophrenia? a. his biological parents do not. D a. hebephrenia p. 251 . Lani's biological mother and her DZ twin sister have both had schizophrenia. if they develop it at all. 352-3 M * own risk for the disorder? a.10. d. b. 353 b. What degree of schizotypy is evident in Lani? c. A research participant is completing measures such as The Physical Anhedonia Ans. a biological predisposition for schizophrenia can develop into schizophrenia in the presence of precipitating environmental factors. 355-6 b. 355 b.10. 354 b. 354 a. p. Con b. complications during the birthing process c. smaller ventricles than those of normal persons. temporal lobe is to the thalamus. 252 . p. prenatal exposure to viral infection d. Using this neuroAns. bizarre behavioral excesses. Con b. Auditory hallucinations are to deficits in problem solving as the Ans. lowered performance on neuropsychological tests. A a. 356 c. it has been documented that the brains of some Ans. an abnormally low level of dopamine. B genetic marker for schizophrenia. developmental delay due to malnutrition As first suggested in the 1920s. 356 c. p. hypofrontality. avolition. enlarged ventricles. C hypofrontality. Type I schizophrenia. Diagnostic assessments have indicated that she has Ans. Each of the following findings would support App her hypothesis EXCEPT p. temporal lobe is to the frontal lobe. frontal lobe is to the thalamus. 355 b. Relatives of schizophrenic patients show abnormalities in the task more often than do relatives of control subjects. predominance of positive symptoms. which early physical trauma would Ans. diminished blood flow to the frontal lobe during problem solving. p. A a. delusions. larger ventricles than those of normal persons. b.91 Dr. abnormally increased frontal lobe volume and blood flow. * d. you are most likely to see App a. d. You are inspecting the CT scan of a schizophrenic patient. Rebecca has schizophrenia. Hypofrontality is most likely to be associated with Ans. M c. p. lateral ventricle is to the frontal lobe. c. Abnormalities in the task are found in persons with severe depression. Concordance between MZ twins is greater than that for DZ twins. Rozoni is studying smooth-pursuit eye tracking which may turn out to be a Ans. Based on available data from several studies. B schizophrenic persons have Fac a. abnormal temporal lobe activity. B imaging technique. C you most confidently identify as a risk factor for schizophrenia? Con a. decreased frontal lobe volume. Her subjects with schizophrenia in remission show abnormalities in the task. E c. excessive activity at dopaminergic synapses. M d. season-of-birth effect p. which is associated with each of the following EXCEPT App a. temporal lobe Wernicke's area frontal lobe limbic structures 10. expressing neologisms. 356-7 of Dr. Which of the following structures currently appears LEAST App promising as a focus for her research? p. Which of the following questions is NOT relevant to a critical p. Are the abnormalities found in persons with other mental disorders? d.100 Dr. failing to successfully solve a difficult puzzle. When Janet hears a person's voice. C hallucinations. c. hypothalamus d. experiencing an auditory hallucination. hippocampus c. A experience visual hallucinations by re-routing the patient's normal auditory App sensations to the occipital lobe. An investigator wishes to understand how the brain creates auditory Ans. B temporal lobe. Broca's area d. Brane's work? C a. 357 hallucination of a person's voice? a. What brain structure is the most likely target p. 356 b. or neuroscientists conduct these studies? c. Brane is an experimental neurosurgeon who has caused a normal adult to Ans. You would predict that he is App a. hippocampus M b. Do the abnormalities appear consistently among homogeneous subgroups of persons with the disorder? . word salad. How old were the subjects in the studies and how long had they received treatment for the disorder? b. B schizophrenia is caused by abnormalities in the brain. 375-8 analysis of this statement? M a. Did psychologists. 356 a. psychiatrists. temporal lobe c. and Janet is a nondisordered Ans.101 Lozona is a patient who suffers from schizophrenia. thalamus * b. p. or other disruption in speech. basal ganglia 10. proven by sophisticated Con neuroimaging. thalamus 10.102 Your roommate has told you that she/he learned in intro psychology that Ans. experiencing a visual hallucination.Lambros is exhibiting significantly abnormal activity of the neurons in his left Ans. D person. what area in her brain is probably App LESS active compared to the same area in Lozona's brain during her p. d. 25 3 . 358 E * 10.104 Ans. odd or uncoordinated motor behavior. persons scoring high on schizotypy who live in stressful environments. a neuroleptic. a person with Type I schizophrenia. M c.10. develops positive symptoms of schizophrenia when she takes high doses of an amphetamine. 10. Abnormal levels of corticosteroids have been found to be more closely associated with Type I symptoms. shows abnormally elevated levels of a dopamine metabolite in his cerebrospinal fluid. 358 E Each of the following examples supports the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia EXCEPT a.108 As William developed schizophrenia he became unable to fulfill his Ans. inconsistent. temporal lobe c. c.106 A biological psychologist is recruiting participants for her high risk study of Ans. 25 4 . reduces the visual hallucinations and delusions of reference in a schizophrenic patient. p. a nonpsychotic person. basal ganglia For which of the following reasons has the dopamine hypothesis been revised? a. b. D exhibited each of the following characteristics in childhood EXCEPT Fac a. This means she want to locate App a. C schizophrenia. c. p. b. a person with paranoid schizophrenia. frontal lobe b. 10. social causation. Dopamine antagonists. 358 C 10. 10. schizophrenic individuals who have been in remission for several months. most likely to show a deficit of dopamine? a. B Fac p. which block dopamine receptors. This is an example of p. Richard. persons scoring exceptionally high on the MMPI's schizophrenia scale. Only about one half of people with schizophrenia improve with neuroleptics. amygdala d. c. * d.105 Ans. neglectful treatment by parents. social residue. social drift. In which brain stmcture is Romiko. poor premorbid adjustment. 361 a. shows a reduction in severity of delusions when given L-dopa. William now lives on the streets. A App p.103 Ans. d. He eventually lost his job and his App family. d. have no effect on the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Mellaril. Rita. 359 b. difficulty interacting with peers. Changes in the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine have been reliably associated with schizophrenic symptoms.107 Adults with schizophrenia in Mednick and Schulsinger's study probably Ans. b. generalized cortical deficits. C Con p. a schizophrenic person. nondisordered children of a schizophrenic parent. 359 b. Toni. B responsibilities at work and at home. Which explanation accounts for App the subsequent overrepresentation of persons with schizophrenia in the p. c. overprotective. Ans. 362 C There are two groups of Raddites living in Atlantis. b. d. own schizophrenia b. are no longer taken seriously by most researchers and clinicians. C patient's mother as "schizophrenogenic". have been replaced with the expressed-emotion explanation as a cause of the disorder. According to the social drift explanation of schizophrenia. have had little impact on the general public's understanding of schizophrenia.109 When the local automobile manufacturing plant closed. the Raddites of Asian heritage.112 Ans.113 The double-bind and schizophrenogenic-mother explanations for schizophrenia a. European-heritage Raddites who are members of upper socioeconomic classes European-heritage Raddites who are members of lower socioeconomic classes Asian-heritage Raddites who are members of upper socioeconomic classes Asian-heritage Raddites who are members of lower socioeconomic classes 10.111 Several years ago. 362 M Dr. and cold personality high level of expressed emotion 10. the Raddites of European heritage. 362 a. have been supported by research and are sometimes used in family studies. and uncomfortable with intimacy. rigid. many people moved to Ans. One group. A App p. having a mother who is overprotective but also cold. is socially advantaged. receiving incompatible messages from parents. A other cities and were able to find new jobs. and the other. Tolman thinks that Sophie's schizophrenia may have developed due to 10. repetitive. social residue social flight social drift social causation 10. D App p. B App p. c.10. 25 5 . are disadvantaged. b. p. d.110 Ans. The psychiatrist believed that the App mother's caused Ian's disorder. which group would show the highest rate of the disorder? a. early life schizotypy and later social awkwardness and rejection. 362-3 E childhood experience of conditions described by the double-bind theory. conflicting messages about interpersonal expectations domineering. prenatal viral exposure compounded by later brain trauma. such as a. like asking for affection then rejecting attempts at intimacy. 361 economically depressed town? a. a psychiatrist treating Ian for schizophrenia described the Ans. high expressed emotion is related to the original onset of schizophrenia. A Fac p.119 When did the revolutionary change in the biological treatment of schizophrenia Ans. 364 a. a group counseling tool used to assist families of individuals with schizophrenia. 364-5 a. Fac b. which App predicts p. 363 a. d. 10. c. 363 M The term "expressed emotion" as applied to schizophrenia refers to a. M c. 10. psychosurgery long-term isolation electroconvulsive shock 10. 1890s p.116 All of the following are true about expressed emotion EXCEPT Ans. and hostility toward a schizophrenic member.117 Stephanie is a graduate student of Dr. 365 b. His family is rated high on expressed emotion (EE). high expressed emotion reliably predicts relapses of schizophrenia. A mental hospital.118 It is 1942. high expressed emotion may be brought about by the schizophrenic individual's own behavior. an increased likelihood of Peter's developing a comorbid mood disorder. criticism. b. C occur? Fac a. Which of the following treatments would NOT have been App used? p. Rosenfarb. a phenothiazine b. high expressed emotion has been found to predict relapses of mood p. a significantly increased risk of relapse for Peter. more genuinely supportive comments to the patient greater physical distancing and little eye contact more frequent double-bind messages 10. 363-4 disorders. D schizophrenia. a method used to help schizophrenic patients identify the feelings that are associated with relapse. a disturbance in emotional expression in which both positive and negative emotions are grossly exaggerated. Wayne is a patient being treated for a severe psychosis in a state Ans. a decreased likelihood that Peter will discontinue his medication. B videotapes of families who are high in EE. a high level of double-bind messages directed toward Peter. a family's overinvolvement. 1950s d.10. fewer unusual behaviors by the patient b. Stephanie will typically observe App compared to the interactions within low EE families. * d. 10.114 Ans. 1930s c. When she views the Ans. 1970s 256 .115 Peter was recently released from a psychiatric hospital after being treated for Ans. C a. b. p. He is experiencing side Ans. a blank stare. tardive dyskinesia. 366 b. Pablo is experiencing p. lip smacking. NMS M b. acute phenocytosis * c. fluphenazine I Mellaril p. feeling constantly restless and agitated. b. 366 a. feeling he must keep moving his p. 367 c. tardive dyskinesia. thiothixene / Navane 10. noncompliance b. what condition should the physician suspect? p. B neuroleptic? Fac a. 366 limbs. D effects including fine tremors in his hands. Parkinsonism. neuroleptic malignant syndrome d. A irregular heart beat. and slowness App of movement. Ans. acute dystonia. If this patient recently began App taking an antipsychotic medication. Ans. This is known as p. b.122 Pablo is taking a phenothiazine for schizophrenia. acute akathesia. and twitches of his face and body. chlorpromazine / Thorazine d. Unfortunately. extremely high fever. fine tremors of his hands. thioridazine / Haldol c. irregular heart rate and blood pressure.10. 10.124 An emergency room physician has a patient who is suffering from a high fever. a slow shuffling gait. and muscular rigidity. acute dystonia. ticks. uncontrollable jerks.121 Sung Hee is taking Prolixin for treatment of his schizophrenia. b.123 Henri is suffering from tardive dyskinesia as a result of taking chlorpromazine. B His expected symptoms include App a. TD d. 10. and extreme muscle rigidity. seizures 257 . TD Which of the following is the most common problem associated with neuroleptic medication? a. C he is experiencing a side effect in which he feels compelled to keep moving and App is constantly agitated. Ans. A Con p.125 Ans. 10. acute dystonia 10. akathesia. 366 a. Parkinsonism. muscle rigidity. 366 a.120 Which of the following is an incorrect pairing of a generic and brand name Ans. patients engage in role playing. d. It will effect the activity of serotonin rather than dopamine. 368 a. It could produce a life threatening loss of white blood cells. She is taking App a. B App p.127 Because of a potentially fatal side effect associated with her medication.130 If a psychology intern is working on a psychiatric ward whose treatment Ans.10. It will effectively treat her negative as well as positive symptoms. d. 367 b.126 Bella is taking an "atypical" antipsychotic medication. p. It differs from standard Ans. which treatment approach would you advocate for psychotic patients? a. increased involvement of her family. Claudia Ans. psychoanalytic-based milieu therapy b. Which of the following does NOT belong? p. In addition to the biological Ans. C medications in each of the following ways EXCEPT App a. especially for psychoeducation b. psychoanalytic cognitive-behavioral therapy d. C program is deemed most effective by Gordon Paul and colleagues. self-management psychosocial rehabilitation psychoeducation social skills training 258 . and social App reinforcement is provided for successful practice. Compazine. individualized treatment planning and short-term inpatient stay token economy milieu therapy 10. Harry Stack Sullivan. 10. family 10. It will produce fewer extrapyramidal side effects. B treatment she is likely to receive. Clozaril. p. there are several changes occurring in the App treatment of her schizophrenia. D model adaptive behaviors. biological b. D must have regular blood tests. 368 likely focus? a. Haldol. 10. What is the program's most p. 368 c.129 Anneke is a patient in a state hospital in 1968. 367 b. c. 368 a.128 Ans. increased reliance on individual cognitive therapy to prevent relapse participation in a behavioral milieu therapy program shorter-term hospital stay accompanied by community-based outpatient care 10. Navane. what is its App structure? p. c. If you were working on a psychiatric ward with Dr.131 Schizophrenic inpatients are provided a structured group setting in which staff Ans. self-management training E b. B community support and the support of friends. a list of the signs that tell her she is relapsing and what to do when they occur 259 . d. a vocational guidance counselor 10. milieu therapy 10. psychosocial rehabilitation p. 10. a specific plan for dealing with residual psychotic symptoms in the workplace c. a step-by-step plan for handling interpersonal conflict d. psychosocial rehabilitation * c. A Con a.'s studies indicate Con one should focus primarily on p. family-based token economy systems. Manuel participates in psychosocial rehabilitation. a case manager d. 370 a. a clinical psychologist c. 370 b. Chandra would include which of the following in her proactive crisis plan contain? a. her family's plan of action for decreasing expressed emotion during home visits b. Manuel and his family receive psychoeducation. 370 b. His family receives family treatment and Manuel receives social skills C training. increasing the patient's social skills. family therapy d.134 Which of the following treatment approaches essentially encompasses the other three? Ans.133 Under which of the following conditions is Manuel most likely to suffer a Ans. b. p.135 Lionel Aldridge successfully copes with his schizophrenia in large part due to Ans. C rehabilitation programs? Fac a.69 b. decreasing EE. D App p. This most closely reflects the App guiding philosophy of which psychological therapy? p. family therapy c.137 Ans. C relapse of schizophrenia? App a. c.132 In the design of an effective program for the prevention of relapse in Ans. 369 a. education about biological treatment and possible side effects. B schizophrenic individuals. 370 M As a schizophrenic outpatient.10. 10. Falloon et al. self-management training d. 364. His family is low in expressed emotion. and Hogarty et al. behavioral milieu program 10.136 What sort of mental health worker is central to the success of psychosocial Ans. a psychiatric nurse p. the work of German psychiatrist Schneider resulted in greater consensus regarding "first rank" symptoms of delusions and hallucinations. trace the history of the evolving concept of schizophrenia. The disorder is probably caused by a recessive gene that is carried in his parents' genotype but not expressed in either one's phenotype. Bleuler's more flexible conceptualizations regarding onset and course of the disorder are also preserved.139 Beginning with the first formal description. are preserved in DSM-IV. Kraepelin's four subtypes. 372 M How does Dr. Kraepelin's observations of thousands of mental patients led him to propose three specific subtypes of dementia praecox (the Latin version of Morel's term): hebephrenia. Prenatal and perinatal birth complications and viruses will probably be shown to be more important causes of the disorder. 260 . first documented patient symptoms and behaviors in the early 1800s.. (where Bleuler's was preferred) in the early 20th century. SHORT ANSWER I ESSAY 10. his parents were probably misdiagnosed with other disorders. which in mm led to the other common symptoms of the disorder (e. progressively deteriorating disease. including reference to historical figures. catatonia. By the 1950s. and Philippe Pinel. in London. John Haslam.. Morel. By the 1890s. 10. and paranoia. Bleuler noted that some patients had a later life onset of symptoms and that some did recover.140 Indicate which earlier definition(s) of schizophrenia is/are most clearly retained in the DSM-IV. The disorder is polygenetic and dependent on some form of activating stressor.S. d. he later added the simplex subtype. he therefore proposed that the focus be turned to the loosening of various mental processes. Kraepelin believed that each type represented an early onset. as is the criterion that the disorder result in a deterioration of day-to-day functioning. b. through the middle of the 20th century. delusions). with minor alteration.138 Ans. Irving Gottesman account for the fact that neither of Lionel Aldridge's parents had schizophrenia even though the disorder is usually believed to be genetically influenced? a.g. Moreover. He identified four primary symptoms he believed responsible for the dismption in mental functions (e. gathered the constellation of symptoms underthe label demence precoce. but differing diagnostic practices continued. which he labeled "schizophrenia" (split mind). in Paris. c. A Fac p.10. Due to changing standards for diagnosing the disorder. Fifty years later. loose associations). in Belgium.g. These two systems resulted in differing diagnostic practices in Europe (where Kraepelin's was preferred) and the U. Schneider's influence is preserved in the DSM-IV. where the single symptom of a bizarre delusion or certain form of hallucination is sufficient to meet Criterion A. clang associations. delusions of persecution. little vocal tone. In what way does linkage analysis differ in its focus from these approaches? Family aggregation studies: examine degree of genetic relatedness to a schizophrenic proband and the associated risk of developing schizophrenia compared to control families matched for age.. eye color) and traits consistently associated with the disorder.g. Findings indicate that children bom to a schizophrenic parent are substantially more likely to exhibit the disorder than are the other adopted children. listless demeanor Alogia: impoverished speech or extremely slow or delayed verbal responses Avolition: extended lack of activity. and then give two examples of the types of behaviors included for each symptom. and unalterable. loose associations/derailment. uncontrollable. and DZ twins. inappropriate sexual behavior. 10.. olfactory. stereotyped gestures. reference. facial grimaces. gustatory. inability to sustain attention or memory for activities (*note that students may not include these because they are not specific to the diagnosis) 10. Students may also mention a linkage analysis: an attempt to identify the specific gene responsible for a disorder by establishing connections between known genetic markers (e. Findings generally show about a 50% concordance rate for MZ twins vs. education. Disorders of behavior: peculiar motor behavior.143 Summarize the strategies and primary findings of each of the four types of studies that link schizophrenia to genetic factors.141 List and briefly define each of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. and expression of thoughts. High-risk studies: prospective studies of children of schizophrenic parents compared to (low-risk) children of nondisordered parents. e. findings indicate that the high-risk children are much more likely to develop a schizophrenic spectrum disorder and that early childhood cortical deficits are associated with increased risk of schizophrenia in adulthood.. control. Twin studies: examine concordance between MZ twins. Disordered thought processes: disruptions in the organization. e. Delusions: beliefs that are recognized by others in a culture as extreme and obviously false but are held with entrenched conviction by a psychotic individual. who share only 50%. e. e.g. tactile. and other relevant variables. empty or glazed look in eyes. Hallucinations: sensory perceptions occurring in the absence of external sensory stimulation treated as real. somatic. 17% for DZ. control.10. neologisms.g. who share 100% of their genetic code... process. word salad.g. auditory.142 List and briefly define each of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. perseveration. visual. catatonia. somatic delusions. grandeur. ♦Anhedonia: inability to enjoy almost anything or to experience pleasure ♦Social withdrawal: (self-explanatory) Flat affect: disturbance in the expression of emotion — emotionless facial expression. 261 . Adoption studies: examine rates of schizophrenia in adopted children who did or did not have a biological parent with schizophrenia.g. Findings indicate that the majority of the proband's family members do not exhibit schizophrenia but that there is a strong positive correlation between the two measures. 146 List the components that could be a part of a successful psychosocial rehabilitation program. In general. Psychoeducational programs as well as problem-solving and communication skills training are important components in the reduction of expressed emotion. transportation. community networks are also needed to reinforce medication compliance (with medication often discontinued due to unpleasant side effects) and to provide a structured. Structured training in problem solving. cooking). in large part to reduce feelings of guilt and blame. self-management. recreation). interpersonal work-related skills). Attention to these psychosocial factors has been particularly relevant for individuals who have spent several years in mental institutions prior to the discovery of the phenothiazines. medical services). 10.144 Describe why biological interventions are insufficient for the effective treatment of schizophrenia. (1985) and Hogarty et al. decreased EE). 262 . assistance with basic living needs (housing. hostility). some are strongly related to risk of relapse. or impairments in vocational skills. a constellation of negative interaction patterns reliably associated with relapse. development of plans to avoid or cope with crises (safe houses. Treatment for these psychosocial deficits requires the inclusion of behavioral milieu.'s (1986) investigations of family therapy for schizophrenia. attention to the bidirectional. Family therapy (psychoeducation. interactive effects of patient behavior and the family environment is needed.10. including social skills training for the schizophrenic member and family focus on rewards for appropriate behaviors. Psychoeducation for family members regarding the causes and symptoms of the disorder. rather than exclusive focus on one or the other. proactive crisis plan). self-management skills (shopping. overinvolvement. problem-solving. peer support groups (opportunities for modeling. Structured training in communication. particularly to decrease expressed emotion (criticalness. 10. even in cases of medication compliance. While psychosocial factors are not reliably implicated as causal factors in the disorder. and give one example of what each might involve. and vocational rehabilitation (occupational education and transitional employment.145 Drawing from Falloon et al. In order to maintain the gains provided by drug treatment outside the hospital. describe the factors that appear to be critical for the success of this method in the prevention of relapse. and social skills training interventions. supportive environment for the practice of those interpersonal and occupational skills with the goal of more independent living. Drug treatment does not address difficulties in interpersonal behavior. deficits in coping skills. social skills training (dealing with hostility. He must be at least 60 years of age. hypothalamus Which of the following statements is NOT ageist? Ans. A a. consciousness. language comprehension. b. He has impairment in memory. an older widower who Ans. diffuse p. The disorder is caused by a biological change in Thomas' brain. D LEAST likely to be involved in her disorder? App a. c. perception. p. "Older people exhibit short-term memory deficits due to distractibility. or intelligence. elder abuse ageism misogyny intergenerational hostility 263 . 379 b. Dagmar has an amnestic disorder. temporal lobe c. A apply to this situation? App p. The course and severity of his disorder may be affected by cultural factors. 378 E * a.Chapter 11 COGNITIVE DISORDERS Thomas is suffering from a cognitive disorder. "People in their 80's aren't capable of physically enjoying sex anymore. What sort of brain injury does this reflect? App a. B stays at home and keeps to himself most of the time." Con b. C cognitive processes may be disrupted EXCEPT App a. memory. 378 b. focal c. They often vandalize his App house and joke about his "dodderly" ways. amygdala d. c. B in his language abilities." p. 379 b. they need M peace and quiet. language. 379 c. hippocampus p. Which of the following brain structures is Ans. 379 name for the behavior these children are exhibiting? a. anterograde retrograde If Klaus has suffered a stroke in his temporal lobe. d. perception. sensations of touch and temperature. what is the p." "Everybody develops some form of dementia if they live long enough. An aneurysm (a broken blood vessel) in Morgan's brain has caused impairment Ans. each of the following Ans. According to your text. Which characteristic does NOT Ans. "Residents of nursing homes don't need intellectual stimulation." Some of the neighborhood children like to tease Joseph. decreases in muscular. They may make serious errors in the way they take their medications. unhappy and lonely. Which factor below is LEAST likely to be Ans. increased difficulty in problem solving and rational decision making Thomas is an elderly man who takes medication for a heart problem. commitment to his spiritual beliefs and practices p.65 p. C related to his successful aging? App a. which statement below is probably NOT true p. D population? Fac a. 381 sculpture. sensory. Ruth. satisfied with her life. They may receive prescriptions for their medications from more than one physician. p. Her creativity has probably increased. 380 b. and metabolic functions * d. decreases in memory.Which older age group represents the fastest growing segment of the U. and quality of life p. Anna Belle is in her late eighties and has been an artist all of her life. App Based on Lamy's (1985) work. what is MOST likely to Ans. Her creativity has probably decreased.S. They will be less vulnerable to overdosing due to their slower rate of brain activity. 380 b. she will describe Ans. 264 . Ans. is also taking medication for arthritis and hypertension. D year-old wife. 75-85 d. forgetful and easily confused. preoccupied with health concerns. the level of income in his previous career d. creativity. 55 . B herself as App a. 65 . c. What has happened to Anna Belle's creativity in the past 10 years? a. and daily analytical skills M c. C used to perform on Broadway and has written several stage plays and short App stories. d. She Ans. a moderate decrease in satisfaction. She retired from public life at age 75 and has taken up painting and p. Like most traits in older age. attending occasional college courses for fun and interaction with others Given the normal declines associated with aging. individual differences are so wide that no consistent prediction could be made for Anna Belle. Terrance is going strong at age 76. If she is like most other older adults. C happen to Picard by the time he reaches 70 years of age? App a. Her creativity is probably at a level similar to what it was in her professional career. 379 b. engaging in a daily physical routine of walking and aerobic exercise c. happiness.75 c. 85+ Moira is 74 years old. 380 about Thomas and his wife? a. 380 b. His 75Ans. They may take medication prescribed for friends or family. b. late life schizophrenia d. agnosia aphasia anomia 265 . In editions of the DSM Ans. amnestic disorder E c. derangement c.Gwenneth is 72 years old. Gwenneth. DSM-IV c. 382 a. 382 b. Gwenneth has normal memory function. Fac a. A body. ICD-10 d. intact muscles and bones. you will not find the category of in the . has substantially below average memory function. Both a and c are correct.g. e. A likely referring to which disorder? App a.. yet Ans. Due Tho is suffering from long-term memory loss but has no other serious Ans. A he has perfectly normal motor faculties. Muriel has been diagnosed with a form of dementia. Sato is suffering from an inability to carry out certain motor activities. amnestic disorder When Cora refers to her hospitalized grandfather as "senile. 382 b. Gwenneth has impaired long-term memory but average short-term memory. organic mental disorders c. What is App the name for this condition? p. as she expected. mental disorders due to a general medical condition. what outcome is most likely? p. mental disorders due to a general medical condition Because scientists no longer accept the artificial distinction between mind and Ans." she is most Ans. Gwenneth refuses to be tested because her complaints are primarily a means of seeking attention. delirium Mr. 381 b. organic mental disorders. 381 b. psychophysiological disorders d. If the caseworker App asks the psychologist to test Gwenneth's memory. D cognitive symptoms. cognitive disorders p. B prior to the current version. What type of disorder does he have? App a. DSM-IV p. delirium d. dementia p. organic mental disorders. A complains about it to a caseworker who regularly visits her. under what classification would her disorder fit? App a. She feels she is losing her memory and often Ans. apraxia b. dementia p. 381 a. Tiko can no longer recognize his closest friends even though his visual abilities are still intact. inconsistent performance on systematic memory assessment. presence of financial gain to the client as a result of the diagnosis.describing what he ate and what he was planning for the day as he p. C the previous morning. What is the name for this deficit? a. perseveration retrograde amnesia anterograde amnesia Mokando has amnesia but is unaware of it. aphasia b. akathesia aphasia apraxia Mr. 266 . Delira suspects that her client may be malingering and may not actually Ans. p. What is M Barika's disorder? * a. 383 ate.11. B he is. 383 He otherwise expresses no oddities of behavior or perception. 383 EXCEPT a. In fact. presence or absence of a supporting medical condition. A have a true amnestic disorder despite reports of severe memory impairment. agnosia In his advanced stage of Alzheimer's disease. She can Ans. App She might consider each of the following to help her make the distinction p. Mokando has been in the hospital for the past week and was in surgery the previous morning. while he knows who Ans. Her memory seems to be "frozen" at a certain point in time. What disorder might this be? retrograde amnesia anterograde amnesia delirium retrograde dementia Barika was in an automobile accident and suffered head trauma. What term that best describes his behavior? anterograde amnesia agnosia confabulation factitiousness Dr. Mokando says he was at home eating breakfast. performance on the Mini-Mental Status Exam. Sawyer has a long history of alcohol abuse. but she has no memory of anything that has happened since the p. App oblivious to the fact it is 1992 and he is a long-term patient in a state hospital. 383 accident. 382 b. D remember events that happened a few months ago and in the days before the App accident.19 Ans. Today. he believes the year to be 1969 and that he is living in an apartment. When asked what was happening Ans. He App elaborates. B App p. C and saw her husband sitting next to the bed. Altered consciousness is to pure memory loss as Ans. Which of the following would NOT apply to Jacques'condition? p. Why do some cases of delirium and amnestic disorders go undocumented? Ans.Tran! !ruk is from a tiny. delirium is to amnestic disorder.g. gives the same repetitive answer to Ans. what day she was bom. 384 might this reaction be called? a. since cultural factors may account for poor test performance. They ask her a series p. What p. and she panicked. A biologically based treatment for the symptoms is the preferred method of intervention. Tran! !ruk has Ans. Restoration of Jacques' normal sleep-wake cycle is a favorable prognostic indicator. The number of cases that go undocumented is actually quite small since concerned family members usually bring these individuals in for treatment. p. * b. p.. is very restless at night. or may M develop so slowly as to be unnoticed. delirium is to dementia. C a. He is likely to experience a complete recovery once the underlying cause is treated. she believed he was a demon who App had come to take her soul away. and some Western-trained App medics are assessing the possibility of brain damage. The disorder may be of short duration and may go untreated. M d. D questions. 383-4 b. becoming violent. 384 a. previously unknown tribe in Africa. It is uncertain. C been in a serious accident involving head trauma. Many people with these disorders suffer them as a result of illegal activity and are incarcerated instead of being treated by doctors. hyperstartle illusion agnosia Capgras syndrome Lewy delusion Jacques is uncertain of the day or time. and she answers very few correctly. Many hospitals have no procedures for dealing with these disorders. 383 c. e. There is an increased risk of death due to interference with treatment for C the underlying cause of his disorder. 267 . since Western medicine deals with cognitive disorders that occur primarily in individuals from Western societies. B are a. * Juanita has just undergone surgery following a heart attack. 383 of test questions. dementia is to amnestic disorder. and swings rapidly from despondence to App euphoria. When she awoke Ans. so they Fac labeled as something else and treated accordingly. What disorder does Tran! !ruk probably have? amnesia delirium It is uncertain. Con b. amnestic disorder is to delirium. delirium. 80 Mr. Dr. place. c. a Delirium Diagnostic Schedule Interview c. What is taking Ans. B of drug interactions.29 Ans. MMSE. Gordeeva is asking Treya to count out loud by 7s. a Mini-Mental Status Examination b. 385 E * place? a. repeat a simple phrase. What cognitive disorder is most likely in these circumstances? p. amnestic disorder. vascular dementia b. dementia. A App p. delirium amnestic disorder Pick's disease Which of the following descriptions does not belong with the other three? Ans. MMSE d. a registered nurse. orientation to person. worked on the geriatric unit of a regional hospital that specialized in open-heart surgeries. draw a clock test p. C a. and time In regard to the number of medical conditions that could cause a cognitive Ans. 268 . b. A App p. an informant interview. a brief visit to the patient's home to assess its condition. 385 a. p. If she suspects a delirium disorder. altered consciousness p. D new patients. Alzheimer's. Gromiko.11. As a result Ans. B a. a Cognitive Orientation Test an Organic Impairment Examination What simple "bedside" tool might a clinician use to track a patient's delirium? Ans. rapid onset Con b. 385 a. draw a person test Fac b. she should rely on each of App the following EXCEPT p. 387 b. 385 c. C disorder. write a sensible sentence. those conditions are most numerous for Con a. how many probably experienced postoperative delirium of some kind? 65 50 36 Tamara has been taking several medications for a chronic illness. her sodium level is abnormal and her kidney function is App impaired. 385 a. EEG recordings showing bursts of fast activity. Of the 100 patients he cared for in the last six months. typically irreversible d. Gallego is an intake worker who is responsible for initial assessment of Ans. 384-5 c. very young and old most susceptible Ms. and copy a fairly simple design. vague. often chronic loss of many cognitive functions. They differ only in severity of symptoms. while delirium is more often associated with conditions that persist and may worsen. memory impairment p. C increasingly agitated with nurses. the lowest and shortest-term doses of medication possible. Like many persons with this type Ans.Mrs. d.41 Rudy has been diagnosed with a dementia. synchronicity. b. 387-8 a. 388 between ages 55 and 75. invasive physical examinations. a pattern of "looping" in patient-staff interactions c. 388 a. who in turn are more likely to use physical App restraints for those examinations. a nutritional deficiency p. 387-8 b. pneumonia combined with medication-induced side effects Which of the following would you want to find in the room of a delirium Ans. He is Ans. low level lighting to promote calmness If you could "prescribe" clinically responsive behaviors on the part of primary Ans. Sergei is upset by unpredictable. social withdrawal and impaired judgment 269 . McDougal is a 68-year-old woman suffering from delirium. safe observation in an intensive care unit. sundowning. exposure to a toxin combined with a recent stressful life event d. A patient? App a. D the following represents a common cause of her disorder? App a. inclusion of the patient's family members and friends in treatment. while delirium is a relatively transient alteration in consciousness. B care physicians treating delirium. you would advise all of the following App EXCEPT p. This pattern is called p. treatment escalation. frequent use of physical restraints d. which of the following was NOT one of his early symptoms? App a. Con b. personality change M c. What is the difference between dementia and delirium? Ans. delirium typically occurs p. family members and friends p. 387 b. Dementia is typically caused by conditions that are reversible. an adverse reaction to an antidepressant C c. b. M c. Dementia involves the overall. 388 b. D a. imprecise speech * d. Dementia occurs only in adults older than 65. A of disorder. respect for the patient's possessions and privacy. 11. Which of Ans. looping. echolalia Sheree is suffering from dementia. The two disorders can be difficult to distinguish when dementia is in an early stage. Amelia. Persons with dementia often appear unaware of their symptoms whereas p. repetitive speech b. C depression and dementia? Fac a. Capgras syndrome d. c. confabulation About what percentage of the world population is affected by dementia at age Ans. Kwaan. delirium depression Which description below does NOT represent an aspect of the relationship Ans. vascular dementia C b. M b. Both are marked by steadily worsening performance on psychological tests p. Ott is exhibiting confusion. a European American male App b. Symptoms of depression are usually worse in the morning while symptoms of dementia usually increase as the day goes on. 389 a.11. 389 people with depression often communicate strong distress. Stimulant medications lead to reduced confusion and withdrawal in persons with depression. Dementia is more likely to begin suddenly and progress more rapidly than depression. 388 b. Dementia patients can develop depression in reaction to the early stages of their disorder. and increased apathy. Alzheimer's disease * c. 389 c. d. is usually more disturbed in the morning. and App responds well to stimulant medication. B a. an African American male p. She will repeat what has just been said by others. 388 c. A between depression and dementia? Fac a. If he is Ans. The alterations in the brain in early stages of dementia may directly cause depression. but increase those characteristics in persons with dementia. 5 Which statement below does NOT describe a way to differentiate between Ans. 16 c. a European American female E d.42 Ans. Which of the following persons is at greatest risk of developing dementia? Ans. but will say nothing of her own. poor judgment. c. C App p. 10 d. Renny. 389 as tasks become more challenging. what diagnosis might you suspect? p. 25 p. an Asian American female * 270 . M b. D 65 or older? Fac a. D distressed by these symptoms. Malcolm. d. What is this called? a. Fac b. D a. 389 a. His symptoms probably appeared rather suddenly and exhibited a patchy. d. 389 c. Which form is most likely in this case? p. d. C b. a 45-year-old male. p. with occasional periods of delirium. unpredictable pattern of impairment. an African American male. head injury and hereditary diseases. B and tactless interactions with others. D dementia. is at an increased risk for developing Ans. His personality will probably undergo significant alteration due to cortical brain atrophy. the form due to Parkinson's disease p. 390 a. early-onset Alzheimer's b. Philippe's dementia is marked by a sudden onset. His life expectancy is substantially shorter than that for someone suffering p. is INCORRECT? App a. vascular dementia Con b. What is the most likely diagnosis for Alejandro? p. has a disorder marked by extremely uninhibited Ans. but little alteration in his App personality. Alzheimer's disease Alejandro. Pick's disease 271 . Alzheimer's E d. Pick's dementia c. Pick's disease Huntington's disease Lewy body dementia Which description of Jacques. C some form of dementia.Mohammed. A a. drug abuse and cardiovascular disease. poverty b. 390 a. a victim of the second most common form of Ans. step-wise progression of Ans. vascular dementia M b. Which form of dementia is currently most preventable? Ans. and evidence of App frontal lobe atrophy. Had he engaged in active efforts toward prevention. alteration in personality. Jacques might have reduced his risk for this dementia. environmental toxins and Alzheimer's disease. 390 the most common form of dementia. c. Which factor is not hypothesized to contribute to this App risk? p. A impairment. 390 c. Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease. completion of fewer years of formal education greater genetic vulnerability to vascular illness inferior health care The two most common causes of dementia are Ans. dementia due to Parkinson's disease d. Which form of brain pathology and dementia are incorrectly matched? Ans. including App slow and effortful movement and a stiff gait. Down's syndrome Parkinson's disease Lewy body dementia If it were possible to "catch" a dementia as one might catch a virus. Creut2feldt-Jakob disease cardiovascular disease d. which Ans. B observed in her case? App a. Huntington's chorea b. Huntington's disease b. herpes simplex II d. D his hands. Ans. He first developed a tremor in Ans. 391 a. abnormal protein deposits : Lewy body dementia * What infectious disease has at one time been the most common cause of Ans. Pick's disease c. A motor disturbances. Pick's disease Tourette's syndrome Parkinson's disease Allison has Parkinson's disease. 392 b. C a. which later expanded into several other motor problems. D dementia? Fac a. neurofibrillary tangles : Alzheimer's disease Con b. neuritic plaques : Huntington's disease M d. 392 a. C disease would one have? Con a. What is Antonio's disorder? p. and her occasional periods of clear thought App processes. 392 c. Both impairments have been cause by a specific genetic App disruption on chromosome 4. Which development is LEAST likely to be Ans. ballooned neurons in the frontal lobe : Pick's disease p. 391 a. Lewy bodies p. Lewy body dementia Parkinson's disease vascular dementia Antonio has developed a neurological disorder. 392 b. Which form of dementia is most likely? p. 391 b. Alzheimer's p. syphilis 272 . disinhibition and flamboyance M c. pneumonia E c. increasing immobility. HIV/AIDS p. muscular rigidity and slow movements A neurologist is treating a dementia that has developed subsequent to severe Ans. What is the disorder? p.Henrietta's disorder is remarkable due to its early-occurring hallucinations. B paranoia. memory loss and depression * d. Pick's disease b. S.6 years. atrophied parietal and occipital lobes 27 3 . primary motor cortex in the frontal lobe. 393 What disease is most likely to account for this situation? M a. you have witnessed a health crisis of dramatic App proportions bankmpting many health care plans and families with ill members. this will be p. C As a health practitioner. What is the chance that Fred will get Alzheimer's disease compared to the chance Gary will get it? a. hippocampus. 8-12 years. 2 . quadruple It's the year 2010. if he lives an average length of time App after the onset of symptoms. neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques c. Carla's longer life expectancy p. p. D dizyogtic twin. Pick bodies p. cardiovascular disease b. 393 b. association cortex of the frontal lobe.61 Ans. delirium disorders Alzheimer's disease d. following his death from Ans. limbic cortex. Reagan's brain is being studied at autopsy. 5 .9 years. Jose. what is he most likely to find? App a. b. C predict his life expectancy at this point. 10 . Rogers is in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease. professional career to maintain mental alertness Carla's loss of estrogen following menopause Mr. Neural and synaptic loss will be App evident in each of the following areas EXCEPT p. population. Older adults comprise one-quarter of the U. b. triple Gary is 70 years old and Fred is 75. double d. When a neurologist inspects the brain of someone who died of Alzheimer's Ans. A complications due to Alzheimer's disease. 394 a.15 years. abnormally high numbers of acetylcholine receptors d. B App p. B disease. resulting in the loss of protective E factors believed to be linked to pregnancy Carla's lack of a stimulating. 393 c. Ans. the same b. 394 b.11. Mr. Parkinson's disease Some studies suggest that Carla is at greater risk for Alzheimer's than is her Ans. 394 a. While it is difficult to Ans. Carla's decision not to have children. What would these studies implicate as a cause? App a. ApoE Con b. Takamoto is a victim of the most common form of dementia in the U.67 How is a definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's accomplished? Ans. discovery of characteristic brain pathology at autopsy d. 395 a. monoamine oxidase B d. C a. In addition to chromosomes 19 and 21. 90% chance M b. apolipoprotein E p. 2 and 25 8 and 22 274 . one copy of the ApoE-3 gene c. 395 b. through PET and MRI scans Fac b. amyloid plaques d. 1 M b. amyloid precursor protein c. two copies of the ApoE-2 gene p. one copy of the ApoE-4 gene d. 395 c. through neuropsychological testing and repeated behavioral observation p. Ans. 1 and 14 c. 50% chance * c. chromosome 21 Gorgi has a type of early-onset Alzheimer's marked by large numbers of Ans. 394 c. 2. and 4 p. A a. Mr.S. beta-amyloid4 Which of the following items does not belong with the other three? Ans. If this gene is ApoE-4. 20% chance Actually this gene may protect her against the disease. 395 a. C amyloid plaques. p. B abnormal genetic coding of proteins. D What substance is believed to be responsible for killing the cells in his brain? App a. 24 A person with which of the following genetic patterns is at highest risk for Ans. with their Ans. Any of me above can be used with equal utility. D Alzheimer's? Fac a. are implicated in early-onset Alzheimer's? Fac a. Down syndrome p. A which transports cholesterol in the blood. 14 * c.11. 3. two copies of the ApoE-4 gene Robin has two copies of a gene on chromosome 19 that produces a protein Ans. 395 b. how likely is App it that she will develop Alzheimer's? p. which other chromosomes. 394 b. 21 d. One could suspect that a mutation of chromosome App caused these dead areas to form in the brain. Alzheimer's M c. A Fac p. adoption studies c. vascular dementia Which piece of evidence in regard to aging does not belong with the other Ans. family studies 275 . 397 E are all hypothesized to lessen . Ans. If she were given the appropriate tests. a 73-year-old female with a high school education and a history of poor health and malnutrition as a child Genetic defects. what would physicians likely find? a. C App p. evidence for hippocampal dendritic growth in nondemented elderly p. Huntington's disease d. 396 b. and early deprivation of mental stimulation Ans. C three? Con a. high-risk studies d. a 62-year-old male with a high school education and a history of high blood pressure d. 396-7 b. a. reserve brain capacity b.74 Ans. since this gene is the normal one that most people have b. brain pathology supportive of an Alzheimer's diagnosis in a cognitively normal individual decline in the percentage of neurofibrillary tangles after age 100 If you endorse the reserve capacity/threshold model of aging and dementia. increased blood flow and glucose metabolism in her temporal lobes when compared to a relative without the gene decreased blood flow and glucose metabolism in her parietal lobes when compared to a relative without the gene decreased brain volume and activity in her frontal lobes when compared to a relative without the gene In your argument that dementias are discontinuous with normal aging. which Ans. lack of education. She is middle aged and shows no signs of having Alzheimer's disease. 397 M a. nothing unusual. 396 b. resistance to infectious disease life expectancy What kinds of studies described in the chapter provide the clear evidence of Ans. twin studies p. D genetic transmission of Alzheimer's? Con a. a 77-year-old male with a college degree and a history of minor adult health problems b. D which of the following persons is probably at greatest risk of dementia? App p. B of the following disorders would offer the least consistent evidence? Con a. decline or stabilization of Alzheimer's disease after 100 years of age C c. alcohol-related dementia p.. which sets a presumed threshold between normal aging processes and dementia. 395-6 C Janet has the ApoE-4 gene. a 55-year-old female with a doctorate in economics and a past history of alcohol abuse for three years c. synaptic growth potential * c. and memory functioning. C his pupils dilate. dopamine b. a professional basketball player c. based on available data? p. p. Mr. norepinephrine b. d. It enhances blood flow and energy metabolism in the brain. B failure. 276 . If Ans. Winifred's dementia is most likely caused by the high level of aluminum in her brain. It may be used in a noninvasive test for early detection of the disorder. Winifred probably has elevated levels of aluminum in her brain. serotonin d. Winifred's dementia caused abnormal levels of aluminum to be deposited in her brain. and now she is developing dementia. D disease? Fac a. a professional golf player d. D App p. Which statement below is the App most defensible. this suggests that the neurotransmitter App deficient in his brain. acetylcholine What is the significance of the drug tropicamide in relation to Alzheimer's Ans.Evander is a retired boxer. A developing Alzheimer's disease? App a. 398 M * neurotransmitter has probably been affected? a. Jetson has had a very dilute solution of tropicamide placed in his eyes. 398 a. serotonin acetylcholine dopamine may be Suppose a person unknowingly consumes substances that severely disrupt her motor movements. 397 b. 397-8 b. p. amyloid c. Tiger. 398 b. Pele. B former line of work? App a. a professional football player (quarterback) Winifred has been on a dialysis machine for an extended time due to kidney Ans. What Ans. Ali's syndrome Dementia paracista Which of the following persons is hypothesized to be at greatest risk of Ans. It inhibits destruction of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. Dementia pugilistica E c. It reduces the behavioral dysfunction common in Alzheimer's disease. Pick's disease p. physiological arousal. Winifred's dementia is transient and will subside away after she is taken off C the machine. c. 398 a. What condition might he have as a result of his Ans. Dennis. a professional soccer player p. Joe. This behavior App is known as p. providing your relative several choices to bolster mental alertness p. Ans. cognitive gains will probably be lost. If you were caring for a relative with Alzheimer's. C and improves her mood and cognitive functioning. A has an elevated risk of developing Alzheimer's disease for each of the App following reasons EXCEPT p. b. 399 a. 399 a. nimodipine : inhibits monoamine oxidase B Konane has a tendency to become agitated and wander aimlessly at night. The drag is probably deprenyl. Which statement below is false. A NOT be an effective means for managing day-to-day interactions? App a. Nocturmts endocarsis. dementia-induced insomnia. prednisone : reduces inflammatory response c. It has been proposed that she Ans. nightwalking. insufficient development of receptors sensitive to dopamine b. B causing worry and substantial sleep disruption for his caregivers. based on information in p.11. vitamin E : inactivates oxygen free radicals p. 399 your text? a. propentofylline : increases blood flow & metabolism d. placing written reminders and lists in strategic places in the home c. which of the following would Ans. ACh is the neurotransmitter affected by the drag. a possibly poor level of health care probable lower levels of mental activity in her early life increased risk of illnesses and physical trauma related to the disorder Barry has Alzheimer's disease and is currently taking a FDA-approved drug Ans. vitamin E estrogen nimodipine Which of the following proposed treatments for Alzheimer's and their physical Ans. 401 a. 399. If the drag is stopped. finding a support group for yourself and taking time for your own needs 277 . D action in the brain are incorrectly paired? Fac a. Cocheta is taking a medication for dementia which promotes synapse formation Ans. What is she probably App taking? p. deprenyl b. The drug will be useful if Barry's disease is of mild or moderate severity but not if he is in the late stages of the disease. creating and maintaining a familiar daily routine and schedule d. sundowning.86 Kayla completed only the third grade in school.401 b. B which slows the breakdown of a certain neurotransmitter that is linked to App Alzheimer's disease. 401-2 b. creativity could increase. liver. and kidney functions Slower metabolism of drugs. along with psychoeducational intervention for the patient and significant others about the causes and course of the disorder Avoidance of physical restraints Well-lit. and attempts to actively engage patient in treatment decisions and procedures 278 . including a clock and calendar to aid in orientation Avoidance of the pattern of looping (demeaning or insensitive treatment provoking hostile responses which. Minimized use of medications. Ans. fine motor coordination. less accurate performance on tasks requiring motor speed. in mm. higher levels of cardiovascular disease b. low-tech room filled with familiar items from home. but offset by minimizing distractions. lower educational attainment lower idea density in essays written more than 50 years earlier more frequent illnesses and metabolic dysfunction SHORT ANSWER / ESSAY 11. A differences in mortality and independent living skills? Fac a." which variable was most clearly associated with Ans. provoke more humiliating treatment) by provision of privacy. exposure to toxins d. cardiac. muscular strength and speed. respect for possessions. What aspects of the normal process of aging will you probably be experiencing? Generally satisfied with life Decreases in the following: body flexibility. acuity of hearing. with increasing risk of dementia with increasing age (but not an inevitable outcome). which of the following characteristics would App apply to her compared to the nuns who died from other causes? p. leading to greater chance of toxic response and associated need for lower dosages. education p. (1989). risk of dementia possibly reduced due partly to enhanced brain reserve capacity as a result of college education Describe the ideal environment for the treatment of a patient with delirium. including antipsychotics and sedatives. or rapid information processing Short-term memory possibly slightly impaired.11.92 In the so-called "Nun Study.94 Suppose it were the year 2057 and you are now considered elderly. 402-3 a. increased likelihood of incorrect medication use that could increase chances of developing symptoms of a cognitive disorder Slight decline in IQ although this is difficult to predict with accuracy. taste. in the "Nun Study" by Snowdon et al. vision. C who died of Alzheimer's disease. respiratory. diet and health care c. and smell. use of tobacco and alcohol If Lucia were one of the nuns. discontinued use of medications as soon as feasible Inclusion of family and friends. 402 b. probably intact long-term memory Some normal development of neurofibrillary tangles or senile plaques. vestibular sense/balance. Among them are abnormal sodium levels. 11. Washington is a 78-year-old patient on a geropsychiatry ward. Washington's concern about his symptoms — if not particularly concerned. given that the diagnosis has important implications for Mr. Washington's treatment and prognosis? Onset of symptoms -. 11. unresponsive to visitors. changes in living circumstances. impaired vision or hearing. severe and/or chronic illnesses. suspect depression. and angry outbursts. What assessment indicators would you look for in order to distinguish depression from an early stage dementia. middle. the increasing disinhibition of Pick's disease. if distressed. impaired kidney function.97 Describe the typical development of dementia and the characteristics of its early. confusion. suspect depression. suspect dementia Response to stimulant medication — if symptoms improve. Memory impairment may even be absent at this stage.if early. and marked cognitive degeneration and memory loss to the point of agnosia toward close family members and common objects. Symptoms of depression may be present.Why is advanced age a risk factor for delirium? Several factors associated with aging contribute to the risk for dementia. with more obvious memory impairment. Middle stages of dementia are characterized by increasing language and cognitive degeneration. months) .e. is marked by immobility (apraxia). suspect depression Psychological test performance — if both recent and remote memory are impaired and/or performance is widely variable across items of equal difficulty. and increased use of prescription drugs. and increased disturbances in executive functioning are evident. Certain types of dementia are characterized by other disorder-specific changes as well: the tremors of Parkinson's disease. Later stages of dementia are characterized by severely impoverished language (i. He was admitted to the hospital after the death of his wife when he became disoriented. Individuals in this period have great difficulty learning new information.if they worsen. fever or hypothermia. suspect depression Presence of personal and family history of depression Level of Mr. and it can be difficult to determine whether a mood or cognitive disorder accounts for early symptoms. for instance. and an eventual state of catatonia and complete unresponsiveness. or the hallucinations and accompanying paranoia of Lewy body dementia. Speech may become vague. including the possibility of echolalia.. if symptoms remain consistent or improve slightly. if primarily recent memory is impaired and/or performance declines steadily with increasing item difficulty. aphasia). suspect dementia Course of symptoms over time (several weeks. Problems with comprehension and perception (including hallucinations) become prominent. if they worsen over the course of the day. apathy. if disorientation and other cognitive symptoms worsen. and later stages. and unable to care for his day-to-day needs.98 Mr. inability to engage in basic self-care skills. the gross motor disruption of Huntington's disease. suspect dementia.if sudden and rapidly progressing. This very advanced stage of Alzheimer's. brain disease. suspect depression Time of day during which symptoms are at their worst -. suspect dementia. suspect dementia 279 . suspect depression. and individuals may have trouble finding the right words to use. Early stages of dementia are often marked by changes in personality such as increasing social isolation and withdrawal. kidney.g. Huntington's. multiple sclerosis.. inheriting the gene for a certain type of ApoE protein. A misdiagnosed slowly-developing delirium whose underlying cause (poisoning) leads to permanent brain damage that would earlier have been treatable Progressive neural degeneration secondary to other diseases (Parkinson's. subdural hematoma. repetitive sport injuries in boxing or soccer) Brain damage from cardiovascular-related strokes or disease or myocardial infarction Genetic factors that lead to metabolic abnormalities. HIV.List at least five factors believed to lead to dementia. or liver disease) Brain damage from physical trauma to the head (e.. syphilis. lung.g. e. whose presence has been linked with lower levels of brain metabolism Infectious agents (e. Creutzfeldt-Jakob) Vitamin deficiencies I hypothyroidism Tumors Low levels of education and low linguistic ability early in life Multiple combinations of the above factors 280 ..g. personal distress must be present for a diagnosis to be made 281 . 409 b. I b. histrionic d. App On which DSM-IV axis would you expect to find her diagnosis? p. comorbid Axis I obsessive-compulsive disorder. and she is relatively untroubled by these patterns. Personality disorders include behaviors that deviate from the expectations of one's culture. anxious/fearful d. While he may not recognize the severity of his symptoms. His Axis II disorder will probably worsen over time and develop into foil blown. c. d. App What is the best prediction that can be made for Alex and his disorder? p. borderline p. 409 b. and behavior. He is likely to remain obsessive-compulsive for the next several years and will probably refuse to participate in long-term treatment. 409.3 What personality disorder do Jessica Lange in Frances and Glenn Close in Fatal Ans. C therapist has diagnosed him with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Personality disorders reflect enduring patterns of distorted thinking. inflexible patterns of thinking Ans. Fac emotions. withdrawn/neurotic Hannah's disorder is marked by long-standing. D DSM-IV? Fac a. dramatic/emotional/erratic c.Chapter 12 PERSONALITY DISORDERS Which statement about personality disorders is FALSE? Ans. he is probably more distressed by his actions than are the people around him. 409-10 a.21 b. avoidant Which of the following is NOT a group of personality disorders used in the Ans. antisocial c. Personality disorders embody Malreaux's observation that "character is fate. II IV none of the above. B a. odd/eccentric p. His symptoms are probably ego-dystonic. M c. 12. A Attraction have in common? Fac a. p. and he will respond successfully M to a combination of medication and interpersonal therapy. b. d. Personality disorders can always be traced to early childhood. 409 a." Alex is meticulous about his work as well as everything else he does. B about and relating to others. His Ans. A criteria for an Axis II disorder. A App p. Clarice Percy's son. What does this mean? Ans. App b. dependent d. Charlene has a personality disorder that is quite rare. There may be overlap between his personality disorder and another type of disorder. His personality disorder may be hard to treat because he perceives his dysfunctional traits as ego-syntonic. B disorder by Dr. 409-10 M * Rigaldo's cluster C personality disorder is very resistant to change. It is unlikely that Roberto will actively participate in long-term treatment. 410-1 a. hostile. Your text lists several factors believed to be related to this rigidity. d. schizotypal p. 410 a. He views the symptoms as a natural part of himself. Percy is often suspicious. Roberto may have a comorbid Axis I or other Axis II disorder that could make accurate diagnosis difficult. and distmsting of others.6 Ans.12. His disorder is comorbid with an Axis I disorder. 410 b. symptoms are only minimally altered through treatment. Which statement below does NOT apply? a. He may believe his problems are due to others and not to his own actions. Ellis All of the above are probably equally distressed. Which of the following Ans. Because these disorders have a strong genetic component. Rabin was mistaken to give this Axis II diagnosis to Roberto since this disorder must be diagnosed by early adulthood. borderline c. His disorder has arisen from a disruption in the development of the ego. Hank's personality disorder is ego-syntonic. 282 . D disorders does she have? App a. c. Rabin. 410 people in his life. This is the first time Roberto has received this diagnosis. App Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to apply to this case? p. He is unable to view himself and his actions from the perspective of other p. D a. Roberto's dysfunctional traits were probably present when he was in his early M 20s. Dr. Percy's wife. which of the following persons probably App exhibits the LEAST subjective distress as a result of this disorder? p. such as chronic depression. b. Percy b. c. schizoid Roberto is 37 years old and has been diagnosed with a schizoid personality Ans. If these traits meet Ans. 22. According to the App DSM-IV.11 If Arthur has one of the most commonly occurring personality disorders. If that comorbid disorder is more common for females App than males. D personality disorder. Katrina is receiving treatment for major depression and for a comorbid Ans. Dr. M c. a. 13 b. paranoid PD. you could conclude that she has personality disorder. p. C more likely than Denise to exhibit any of the following disorders EXCEPT App a. 410-1 b. d. the extensive time required to document Axis II symptom patterns. 10 Denise and Garrett are fraternal twins. you would expect that the onset of Mali's symptoms occurred no later p. 411 than age a. Each Ans. avoidant. p. the infrequency of Axis II disorders compared to other acute clinical syndromes. d. B Fac p. 6 d. narcissistic PD. 411 a. it could be any of the following EXCEPT Ans. 411 difficulties. antisocial. A App a. histrionic. c. 411 b. D of the following poses a potential problem for his work EXCEPT App a. schizotypal.14 Ans. dependent PD. Feng is an epidemiologist interested in studying personality disorders. b. p. antisocial PD. Mali exhibits symptoms that Ans. dysthymic dependent borderline 28 3 . 12. 411 c. 12. Although he has never formally been diagnosed. 19. Prevalence data suggest that Garrett is Ans. his participants' strong disinclination to acknowledge or report their p. the overlap in Axis I and II symptoms that makes reliable diagnosis difficult. avoidant b.12. 4 Roughly one in every Americans will meet criteria for an Axis II disorder at some point in their lives. C would meet criteria for a histrionic personality disorder. 30. 17 Ans. Ans. a 24-year-old Taiwanese male c. a 22-year-old European American male d. affectivity. however. 412 related to each other in any of the following ways EXCEPT M a. he seems to be a different person App altogether and is warm. b. A dysfunctional patterns in at least two areas. b. interpersonal functioning. Axis I none of the above Jake is very shy and withdrawn. a 15-year-old South African female b. Nanato. At home.12. c. Axis I obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Yuan Ho. He has trouble making friends and is lonely Ans. a 20year-old Pacific Island female Mame may merit a diagnosis of "personality disorder" if she exhibits enduring. C much of the time. These two disorders may be p. impulse control. occupational functioning. Lakisha. The dysthymia may have predisposed Jake to the development of the avoidant disorder. and a common biological vulnerability could cause both disorders. d. These areas could include any of App the following according to the DSM-IV EXCEPT p. and "laid back. Both are more common in men than in women. 412 consider? a." What diagnosis might you p. cooperative. Axis II schizoid disorder. C App p. Richie. 411 Which of the following persons is MOST likely to be diagnosed with a personality disorder? a. The distress associated with the avoidant disorder may be causing the dysthymia. 412 a. There may actually be only one syndrome present but overlapping criteria result in two diagnoses. 284 . David is known as a tyrant at work and is seen as highly perfectionistic and Ans. D obsessed with control. Eventually. obsessive-compulsive disorder. Jake went to see a therapist and was diagnosed App with dysthymia and avoidant personality disorder. empirically. d. b.g. dimensional is to categorical. Gretel says that while App she is very manipulative and lacks empathy. 413 c.. circumplex. a model that relates personality disorders to the interpretation of the five E DSM diagnostic axes a five-cluster approach to reorganizing the DSM-IV personality disorders The DSM-IV is to the Big Five model as Ans. which are easier to catalogue than are acute symptoms. categorical. categorical c. Hansel is using a M approach and Gretel uses a approach to describing their stepmother. Con b. but symptoms must be present for a long period of time in order to be obvious.21 Ans. * a. 412-3 M Lacey has an Axis II disorder. d. categorical is to dimensional. c. Hansel is debating with his sister. What is one of the factors that may have led to these misdiagnoses? a. C App p. Her diagnosis came only after many other Axis I diagnoses that her current therapist believes were in error. dimensional b. Hansel Ans. B diagnostic decision rules regarding Axis II syndromes determined (e. 413 possess the characteristics to such an extreme. The criteria for her disorder are distinct and easily separated from other disorders. Axis II disorders are rare and are often overlooked because of this as well as the absence of distressing clinical symptomatology. about their cruel stepmother. 413 a. long-standing symptoms. Gretel. 5 of 9 Con symptoms required for diagnosis)? p. other people are similar but don't p. A a. dimensional. although the actual methods are unclear b.12. A says she is clearly a psychopath in a "class all her own". a categorical approach to describing personality disorders p. on what basis were the Ans. 413 c. empirical is to theoretical. p. by rational consensus on the basis of clinical field trials on the basis of factor analysis of structured clinical interview data What is the Big Five model of personality? Ans. Reliable diagnosis relies on the presence of chronic. B a. comparative 285 . a dimensional approach to describing personality disorders Fac b. Overlapping criteria and arbitrary "cutoff rules for diagnosis can lead to unreliable diagnostic practices. comparative. Axis I is to Axis II. Drawing from information provided in the text. qualitative d. 414 M agreeableness stability conscientiousness openness Timothy Leary developed which of the following items? Ans. low. affectivity d. the interpersonal circumplex Fac b. hateful than loving 286 . the tie-dyed wheel of cosmic reality p. the big five model of personality d. high. D people and events around her. curious about the Ans. and uninterested in traditional expectations and custom. low. 413-4 the approach set forth in the DSM-IV c. 413-4 c. D App the interpersonal circumplex p. Which approach to describing personality disorders is Janet's therapist using? Ans. openness Con b. C submission and by interpersonal feelings that are slightly more negative than Fac positive? p. high. hateful than loving c. conscientiousness p. loving than hateful d.Which of the following dimensions does not belong with the other three? Ans. 415 a. dependent b. D on the dominance/submission dimension and to be more App a. 414 c. loving than hateful p. A a. neuroticism Janet's therapist has rated Janet as high on extroversion and low on neuroticism. You would expect him to score Ans. . You would expect high scores on which of the following factors? App p. the Wiggins-Costa approach d. schizotypal avoidant paranoid Eduard has been described as narcissistic. what disorder is characterized by extreme Ans. the Structured Clinical Interview for Personality Disorders According to Leary's model. the Big Five model Eleni is described by her friends as a very creative person. 415 b. C a. D a. A Odd/Eccentric cluster on Axis II? Con a. high neuroticism low extraversion Karen is often wondering who is talking about her at work. skeptical. 0. Her App coworkers sense her hostility and d o ^ invite her out for drinks after work. more frequently diagnosed in males Fac b. p. is Ans.D. histrionic * c. obsessive-compulsive d. 413.? Ans. would MOST likely attract a follower with which of the App following personality disorders? p. and sometimes App openly rude.5 prevalence p.Ricki feels the world is out to get her and she has trouble making friends Ans. schizotypal d. 416 Karen takes this as another sign that they are scheming behind her back. a charismatic leader who convinced his followers to commit Ans. Which App DSM grouping below includes Ricki's personality disorder? p. schizoid b. neuroticism/low agreeableness b. and is seen by others as cynical. low conscientiousness p. avoidant Which of the following is LEAST germane to a Big Five description of the Ans. C several murders. B because she distrusts everybody and is frequently manipulative and rade. These descriptions BEST fit which of the following personality p. borderline c. trying to get her Ans.5 to 2. What Axis II disorder is most likely? a. odd/eccentric dominant/aggressive erratic/hateful Ahmik tends to experience frequent negative emotions and distressed thinking. paranoid eccentric Which of the following descriptors does NOT apply to paranoid P. avoidant M b. antisocial * b.16 disorders? C a. paranoid c. C quite introverted. B fired because they are jealous of the high standards she sets for herself. 416 a. effects most likely to be observed in occupational settings M d. narcissistic Charles Manson. chronic feelings of inferiority 287 . 416 b. 416-7 c. 415 a. low agreeableness c. A App p. C solitude. social isolation. John's symptoms do not reflect a formal thought disorder. What personality disorder might be present? avoidant antisocial schizoid delusional Which of the following descriptors does not belong with the other three? Ans. while Eric's symptoms respond better to neuroleptics. schizoid. borderline. p. high neuroticism * 12. low agreeableness. b. avoidant p. he also was mostly indifferent when his "girlfriend" of p. 418 M to Eric who has schizophrenia? a. c. less than 1 percent prevalence Con b. 417 six weeks left him for another man.. A three? Con a. low 288 . schizotypal The stereotypical social "hermit" who lives alone and is disinterested in others is Ans. c. schizotypal. and Domingo has a schizoid Ans.42 In what way is John who has schizotypal personality disorder MOST dissimilar Ans. 418 b. d. Esteban has a schizotypal personality disorder. Bill finds that his job as a long-distance truck driver suits his strong desire for Ans. social anxiety. odd/eccentric cluster p.38 Diagnostically. which of the following disorders does not belong with the other Ans. paranoid d. B App p. extraversion. pervasive emotional indifference M d. 416-7 c. John's symptoms are more responsive to antidepressant medication. odd/erratic. B personality disorder. Each of the following characterizes both men EXCEPT App a. 417 MOST likely to be described as a. John's symptoms are not associated with social anxiety while Eric is more likely to exhibit such anxiety. b. schizoid c. D a. 416 b. d. He has never really cared about settling down somewhere and App developing friendships. John is eccentric but does not exhibit ideas of reference or oddities of speech. chanting a Ans. 418 transpiring in me buildings around him. circumstantial speech and strange mannerisms p. For what reason might Dr. C repetitive phrase. avoidant p. an idea of reference b. 418 a. 418 a. 418 she seems ill at ease in social situations. What disorder is most likely? histrionic schizophrenia borderline schizotypal Henry is often seen sitting motionless in front of downtown stores. C a. schizoid d. a loose association a delusion a superstition Which of the following disorders has the LEAST overlap with schizotypal PD in Ans. B regard to symptomatology? Fac a. Nishimoto have App difficulty making a reliable diagnostic decision? p. she exhibits no signs of real psychosis. although the people around him are actually oblivious to his presence. Nishimoto is assessing a new client. borderline Dr. App What would you call Suresh's belief? p. She is also very superstitious and engages in eccentric App rituals whenever she leaves her home. that he was App communing with the flow of energy generated by all the business deals p. difficulty distinguishing it from Axis I schizophrenia its very rare occurrence all of the above 289 . obsessive-compulsive c. what disorder is MOST likely? schizoid paranoid schizotypal borderline Suresh believes that people are closely watching his actions as he walks through Ans. 418 c. 418 b. self-consciousness and social apprehension Wilma relies on astrology charts and tarot card readings to make important Ans. Henry told the police. part of the schizophrenia spectrum Con b. overlap of symptoms with other Axis II disorders b. She minks that the client may have a Ans. A the mall. If he does not have a formal thought disorder.Which of the following descriptors does not belong with the other three? Ans. when they were called in. D decisions in her life. While her speech is somewhat odd and p. relatively rare Axis II disorder d. A schizotypal personality disorder. low scores on conscientiousness. If p. 290 . M b. more prevalent in males p. dependent Yojiro has a personality disorder. fearful p. I'm tired of telling her App p. her engaging conversations Ans. A on me with her wit and self-confidence. antisocial p. high scores on neuroticism. 418 b. Ans. Now. She appears to be self-assured and independent. narcissistic c. 418-9 M * how great her ideas are. and her charming and App extraverted personality. C (later perceived by the listener as empty of content). high scores on agreeableness. inflexible. D three? Con a. eccentric d. 418 b. d. which of the following disorders does not belong with the other Ans. dramatic/emotional c. actively dependent Con b. * c. 419 a. B a. histrionic d. B studied by researchers. App a. If his is one of the disorders most intensively Ans. high extraversion d. high scores on extroversion. A He could exhibit any of the following scores on the Big Five dimensions App EXCEPT p. 419 c. what diagnosis would be appropriate? narcissistic personality disorder reactive personality disorder histrionic personality disorder borderline personality disorder Said a supervisor of an employee: "Tanya really made a terrific first impression Ans. excessive demands for reassurance and praise Vladimir has a disorder that falls under the dramatic/emotional/erratic cluster." What disorder is being described? a. and dysfunctional pattern. borderline personality disorder schizotypal personality disorder dependent personality disorder Which of the following descriptions does not belong with the other three? Ans.Diagnostically. She really pouts when she isn't the center of attention in the office. histrionic personality disorder b. it would fall under the cluster. neurotic/erratic Barbara is often noticed for her flair for clothing. 418-9 these characteristics represent an enduring. though. Which of the following conclusions is MOST clearly supported by research? Ans. What disorder is p." c. C App p. which of the following would you be MOST likely to recognize nonverbally as you scan the room? a. Both a and b are applicable. A woman who shows the characteristics of antisocial personality disorder is more likely to receive the label "histrionic personality disorder. b. She is assessed by a female clinician who may be biased to make this p. For what reason might she be Ans. Clinicians are less likely to diagnose a woman with histrionic personality Con p. in women than it does in men. The woman was enraged that the App physician could be so callously critical and insensitive. What disorder may have been present? a. borderline One woman summarily fired her primary care physician for his observation that Ans. 419 this extended to frequent extramarital affairs. From a 1970s screen actor's biography: While Steve McQueen publicly Ans. Dependent personality disorder occurs much more often. narcissistic d. McQueen felt that App he was above the law and entitled to special privileges because of his star status. 419 M disorder when she meets the criteria for antisocial personality disorder. 419 b. p. d. almost five times as frequently. he was a cocaine addict for several years. p. Antisocial women are better actors and manipulators of social settings than are antisocial men. paranoid histrionic dependent Jenny has an antisocial personality disorder.56 Ans. She is assessed by a male clinician who may be biased to make this mistake. 419 possible? a. B a. The substantial symptom overlap between these two disorders leads to unreliable diagnoses. B she had "large pores" in her facial skin. He was so preoccupied with his M stardom that he threatened his wife with a gun for her one sexual indiscretion. 418-9 b. C denounced drugs. D misdiagnosed as histrionic? App a. borderline If you walked into a room that just happened to be populated with persons diagnosed with some kind of personality disorder. borderline narcissistic dependent schizotypal 29 1 . dependent c. histrionic b. 419 mistake.12. M c. C more details about her. antisocial Fac b. histrionic p. and his behavior is often App very impulsive. paranoid and histrionic p. which personality disorder listed below is she LEAST App likely to have? p. intense reactivity to criticism d. empty speech Con b. A swing rapidly from one emotional extreme to another. 418-9 c. 420 b. Jamie will Ans. schizoid M d. Sometimes Ans. fantasies of success.61 Which of the following descriptions does not belong with the other three? Ans. D she idolizes him and insists she cannot live without him. narcissistic * Jamie's personality disorder is characterized by its unpredictability. Without knowing any Ans. and power p. D a. schizotypal and borderline Nancy acts superior and condescending towards others. narcissistic b. A a. she is App harshly critical of him and wants to end the relationship permanently. 420 c. What disorder is MOST likely? histrionic dependent narcissistic borderline 292 . hyperbolic. other times. wealth. antisocial and schizotypal d. 420-1 complains of a vague sense of emptiness and sometimes drinks excessively to quell those feelings.12. B currently the most studied? Fac a. borderline b. schizoid histrionic schizotypal Which two personality disorders are considered the most dangerous and are Ans. 420 a. paranoid borderline antisocial Julie is having frequent crises in her relationship with her boyfriend. Which disorder does Jamie appear to exhibit? p. 420-1 a. possible increase in prevalence in the past decade Which of the cluster B disorders is LEAST common? Ans. She p. borderline and antisocial c. 25% c. 421 b. Adam. 419. 75% 293 . 421 b. a 26-year-old female M c. Ricardo. intense reactivity to perceived abandonment or rejection c. a. B borderline personality disorder? App a. a 35-year-old male * d. B personality disorders? Con a. a 40-year-old female What percentage of individuals with borderline personality disorder threaten to Ans. D commit suicide at least once in their lifetimes? Fac a. lack of guilt Con b. dependent personality disorder p. 8% p. 56% d. a 25-year-old male p. brief psychotic symptoms during periods of intense stress d. A a. 421 b. Maureen. 420-1 c. An individual with personality disorder may report a similar experience under conditions of extreme stress. idealization of relationship partners Lorraine is a psychiatric patient who was hospitalized following a suicide Ans.Which of the following descriptions does not belong with the other three? Ans. histrionic personality disorder c. borderline schizoid dependent Which of the following persons will exhibit the MOST severe symptoms of a Ans. self-mutilation p. fears of abandonment What characteristic is shared among the symptoms for histrionic and borderline Ans. lack of a stable sense of identity d. What disorder is MOST likely on Axis II? App a. D attempt. A Con p. impulsive personality disorder borderline personality disorder A dismption in one's sense of identity is a defining feature of Axis I dissociative Ans. self-mutilating behaviors p. Mara. antisocial disorders. 421 b.21 b. C success in occupational functioning in a person with the disorder? Con p. dependent personality disorder. sociopathy p. D the DSM calls "antisocial personality disorder"? Fac a. narcissistic d. obsessive-compulsive Jase is a postdoctoral student working with Robert Hare. paranoid b. schizotypal personality disorder. psychopathy d. What disorder Ans. C hospital. psychopathic personality p.73 You are a psychology intern working on an inpatient ward at a large psychiatric Ans. When you review the patients' hospital charts. 422 c. schizoid antisocial sociopath narcissistic Which personality disorder is MOST likely to be associated with above-average Ans. A was the most likely topic of Neil's doctoral dissertation research? Con a. 421 a. b. App largely due to his insincerity. borderline personality disorder d. and repetitive lying. borderline personality disorder. Cleckley's in the mid 1970s. the Hare APD Inventory theMMPI the Psychopathy Checklist 294 . D instrument is Jase most likely to be using with his personality disordered App research participants? p. above average in intelligence. and successful. 422 b. social maladroitness Neil was a graduate student of Dr. antisocial a. What assessment Ans. histrionic personality disorder. moral insanity E c.12. the most common Axis App II disorder you discover will be p. He is also Ans. What p. antisocial personality disorder c. the Big Five personality factors Gerhard is charming. B uninterested in others' feelings and has no genuine interpersonal relationships. Which of the following terms does NOT reflect an earlier description of what Ans. 422 DSM-IV Axis II disorder is most likely for Gerhard? a. 421 b. 422 a. manipulation of others. the polygraph b. What disorder was this? posttraumatic stress disorder attention deficit hyperactivity disorder conduct disorder anxious-avoidant disorder Which of the following persons is MOST likely to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder? Kent. whereas those with antisocial personality disorder violate the rights of others but are less dangerous overall. 14 b. 18 Jerome was diagnosed with a personality disorder when he turned 18. they are the same thing and can be used as interchangeable diagnostic terms. 18. 18. This feature is emotional-cognitive instability. overt criminal behavior. a 21-year-old Asian American female Carlos. None of the above is correct. a. impulsivity-manipulation. behavioral deviance. What is the difference between psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder as defined in the DSM-IV? None. a 23-year-old African American male 295 . Psychopathic individuals are typically homicidal. a 35-year-old European American male Althea. He was diagnosed with a similar disorder when he was a child. The definition of psychopathy includes behavioral deviance as well as insidious personality traits and interpersonal manipulation. For a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder to be made. 12 d. 15 c.Sasha has a central feature of psychopathy emphasized by Cleckley and Hare but less important to the DSM-IV diagnosis. antisocial PD is primarily defined by the former. and symptoms of the disorder must have been present by age . a 16-year-old Hispanic male Shaneal. 15. 21. the person must currently be at least years old. low agreeableness.D. schizoid antisocial dependent borderline Koa is described by others as possessing superficial charm and an exaggerated Ans.D. and often lacking App empathy as well as remorse for his own actions. high conscientiousness. and preoccupied with maintaining a Ans. 423 at greatest risk. 423 b. obsessive-compulsive p. high neuroticism. with no significant disturbance prior to that age. On which of the Ans. What DSM-IV diagnosis is MOST applicable for Koa. B following characteristics will these two individuals be MOST different? App a. none of the above Timo is socially inhibited. dependent c. He recently Ans. you would reliably predict the App following Big Five factor scores for Timo EXCEPT p. perfectionistic. 424 a. interest in social acceptance c. histrionic Erika has a schizoid P. A sense of control.23 b. which of the following disorders does not belong with the other Ans. 296 . avoidant d. Based on available data. now 25 years old? Type I psychopathy antisocial personality disorder borderline sociopath none of the above Diagnostically. low extraversion. B found that he fits in with the school "bad boys" and has begun associating with App these deviant peers.Adam is doing very poorly in high school and has few friends.. and Suzette has an avoidant P. impairment in social skills p. D three? Con a. 422-3 when Koa was 16. impulsive and unable to tolerate boredom. D sense of self worth. These characteristics began p. preference for solitary occupations d. b. according to Loeber? a. 417. For which of the following personality disorders is Adam p. avoidant d. He Ans. What type of personality disorder does he exhibit? p. D App p. rigid expectations of others. extreme submissiveness. as described by Leary p. narcissistic Drew seeks constant reassurance and advice on matters large and small. avoidant histrionic paranoid Tywanna has a dependent personality disorder." What personality disorder does she likely have? a. C disorder that occurs relatively infrequently. 424 a. Which of the following Ans. paranoid Nancy constantly feels inadequate and inept. 423-4 a. paranoid histrionic obsessive-compulsive antisocial 297 .27 b. She is very stingy with her money Ans. In social encounters she is very inhibited and afraid of making a mistake that she fears will bring rejection. Willina's employees call her a "beanp. C and is preoccupied with company rules and procedures that she expects her App employees to follow in exact detail. especially in social situations. dependent b. 424 b. as described by the Big Five model d. drawn from theoretical models. obsessive-compulsive p.12. What type of personality disorder does she have? schizoid dependent avoidant A therapist is working with a male client who has a Cluster C personality Ans. She avoids occupations and situations that require social interaction. would be LEAST applicable to her? App a. as described by Nigg & Goldsmith c.89 Ans. high agreeableness. B descriptions. 425 counter" or as "anal-retentive. Which disorder would this be? App a. A seems unable to make decisions on his own and clings to others who make his App decisions for him. 424. dependent M c. inherited anxiety vulnerability. as described by object relations theorists Willina is the head of a large software firm. Molly and Theodore. 425 conscientious in their efforts. extroversion and agreeableness b.12. neuroticism and conscientiousness openness and agreeableness extroversion and neuroticism Which of the following twin pairs will demonstrate HIGHEST concordance in Ans. either b or c 298 . this disorder lacks obsessive thoughts and compulsive rituals. 425 otherwise the symptoms are essentially identical. 426 b. A detail of every report he is asked to prepare. p. Dr. Although the Axis II disorder is a chronic lifestyle governed by rigid habits. M b. Domingo and Geraldo.94 Nathan is extremely committed to his work. paranoid that this would provoke increased criticism of her own imperfect actions. checking and re-checking every Ans. 425 a. Which Axis II disorder is MOST likely for Linden? obsessive-compulsive domineering schizotypal What is the primary difference between obsessive-compulsive personality Ans. which two would remain most stable in adulthood? p. identical twins reared apart d. D several decades. None of the above is correct. fraternal twins reared together p. What kind of productivity would you expect from Nathan if he has symptoms of a personality disorder? very poor to mediocre average somewhat above average well above average to exceptional Linden's home is cluttered with many worthless items that he refuses to throw Ans. lest they be less p. The Axis II disorder is less severe but more chronic than the Axis I disorder. D personality traits? App a. The Axis I disorder is less responsive to drug treatment and does not appear * to be affected by genetic factors. B away. C disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder? Fac a. Lewis Terman studied gifted children in a longitudinal study that lasted for Ans. identical twins reared together c. which Linden voices frequently. If he had measured the Big Five characteristics in these Con children. Sharmilla and Priti. He takes full responsibility for his App work and will not permit co-workers to offer input. Linden's wife says little to him about her displeasure because she knows App p. 426 a. They were separated at birth and raised by different families. shared environment factors and spend For which of the following personality disorders does current research demonstrate the WEAKEST genetic contribution? borderline schizotypal obsessive-compulsive antisocial Which personality disorder and psychosexual stage are mismatched? antisocial : latency obsessive-compulsive : anal stage dependent: oral stage histrionic : phallic stage Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three? rigid. On average. object relations evolutionary psychodynamic interpersonal learning 29 9 .Taka and Umeko are identical twins. genetics genetic. non-shared environment shared environment. shared environment non-shared environment. Taka and Umeko will share % of their personality traits. Neither twin has met nor even heard of the other twin. you should emphasize the least time studying factors. a. 33% 50% 64% 80% If you wished to account for the differences in personality characteristics among a group of college students. extreme interpersonal expectations fixation object relations theory early attachment The notion that individuals with personality disorders tend to create a selffulfilling pattern of interactions which reinforces their symptomatology is the central assumption of the explanation of these disorders. genetic. 109 a. believing that most of her coworkers are out to cause her trouble. advancing the self and/or caring for others Which of the following descriptions from Millon's theory would NOT be an Ans. which of the following descriptors does NOT characterize their relationship? complementary reinforcing correspondent 12. minimization of pain c. reciprocal hostility b.108 As a graduate student of Theodore Millon. 428 M 12. D App p. 428 E 12. passive accommodation minimization of pain 12. maximization of pleasure p. 428 a. evolutionary Which of the following concepts does not belong with the other three? Ans. interpersonal learning c.105 Ans. reciprocal Imelda depends on her spouse to help her make decisions about what to wear each day. 428 b.12. D App Imelda's p. B Con p. advancing the self passive accommodation 30 0 . and which friends to have. 428 b. maximization of pleasure p. A appropriate description of paranoid personality disorder? Con a. you would be emphasizing a(n) approach to understanding personality disorders. a. minimization of pain and maximization of pleasure d. advancing the self c. genetic d. what food to buy for the family. C appropriate description of histrionic personality disorder? Con a. according to Leary? p. Which of App the following is LEAST likely on the part of her coworkers. If husband is highly dominant. psychodynamic b.106 Ans.107 Ans. She keeps to herself most of the time. assimilation of stimuli and blocking of punishment c.110 Which of the following descriptions from Millon's theory would NOT be an Ans. A Liza is chronically suspicious and tense. 428 a. complementary hostility correspondent isolation reciprocal dominance 12. passive accommodation or active modification b. assimilation of stimuli / blocking of punishment advancing the self/caring for others 12. dissociative identity disorder d. Which fundamental polarity is deficient? p. A disorders is most likely to be a comorbid condition? App a. 429 b. What adult personality disorder is MOST likely to develop? dependent borderline antisocial histrionic 12. minimization of pain/maximization of pleasure M b. social phobia c.112 Margaret is being treated for borderline personality disorder. C greatest empirical support? Fac a.116 Abdul has been diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. difficulty regulating emotions. hyperactivity. 428 a.115 Which of the theorized causes of borderline personality disorder has received the Ans. passive accommodation I active modification c. physical clumsiness. b.114 Judy is two years old. App a. infant-caretaker conflicts over independence and dependence E c. and her Ans. D childhood. 430 a. attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in childhood none of the above 12. She has an insecure attachment with her parents. In his early Ans.113 If Palani has borderline personality disorder. Abdul probably exhibited each of the following characteristics App EXCEPT p. organic brain dysfunction c. early childhood neglect and insecure attachment 12. 429 b. which of the following Axis I Ans. 429 b.111 One of the symptoms of borderline personality disorder is an inability to Ans. Judy has trouble trusting adults and is extremely p. D indicates that is probably a contributor to her disorder. 30 1 . major depression p. Current research Ans. B develop and maintain an adaptive approach in coping with interpersonal Con demands. a genetic vulnerability p. neurological dysfunction p. generalized anxiety disorder 12.12. chronic CNS overarousal. 429 sensitive to signs of rejection and abandonment. early childhood physical or sexual abuse d. B increasing independence is sometimes fostered by her parents and sometimes App capriciously punished. B App p. low levels of high frequency beta waves. c. d.118 Evidence for genetic factors in antisocial personality disorder comes from a. Quay.12. activity that is similar to that seen in epilepsy. 431 E treatment? a. thrill-seeking. which of the Big Five dimensions is MOST amenable to Ans. 430 M * 12. both a and b. 430 M 12." he would exhibit each of the following Ans. His CNS underarousal is Ans. neuroticism c. p.122 studying personality disorder. theta wave activity. adoption studies. 430 E 12. d. high levels of low frequency theta waves. c. antisocial b. a psychopathic adult female. B implicated as the cause of each of the following EXCEPT App a.119 Jonah has the classic symptoms of psychopathy. her EEG reveals abnormal a. C characteristics EXCEPT App a. agreeableness 302 . CNS underarousal d. B Fac p. b. If Enrique has an "immature cortex. A Con p. activity in the left hemisphere. b. c. d. a defect in left hemisphere functioning. hypersensitivity to aversive stimuli. 12.123 a. linkage analysis studies. extroversion b. 430 b. exhibits EEG activity that is typical of that found in children. paranoid Which of the following characteristics does not belong with the other three? Ans. you would be 12.120 Ans. and Loeber.117 Ans. D Fac p. borderline c. 430-1 E If Betina.121 Ans. difficult temperament According to Costa. a. twin studies. schizoid d. A Con p. 430 b. p. c. abnormally rapid evoked potentials. If you were reviewing the work of Hare. extremely low anxiety level. conscientiousness d. oversensitivity to social rejection b. d. alpha wave activity. 12. immature cortex c. poor selfcontrol skills. Michael's absence of a "conscience" is due to App a. neuroticism 12. an angry tirade by his boss c. A contributors to antisocial personality disorder? Fac a. is most similar to an adult with a(n) personality disorder. M c. extraversion p. diathesis-stress model d. histrionic A child who cannot inhibit his desire to grab a toy from a store shelf.124 Which personality dimension is most likely to be altered by a student's Ans. pathological liar who uses other people for his own ends. his wife's threat to leave him if he doesn't change his ways p.128 Which of the choices below is NOT one of the empirically supported Ans. 432 b. conscientiousness d.127 Michael is a charming. 430. d.12. central and autonomic nervous system underarousal c. learning model 303 . reduced sensitivity to rewards p. early parental loss and later exposure to deviant peers. childrearing practices d. 12. sociocultural/family model c. biological model b. B characteristics is LEAST likely to be true of Richard's family? App a. a. C Con p. inconsistent parental discipline and parental criminality. p. electric shock d. marital discord and separation d.2 b. upper-middle class SES c.129 If Richard has antisocial personality disorder.126 Ans. a criminal record for Richard's father 12. 432 b. 433 E Which model appears to best explain the development of antisocial behavior? a. 432 b. which of the following Ans. 432 b. erratic discipline and poor supervision of Richard's activities p. C According to Eysenck.130 Ans. C experiences in school? Fac a. a stiff monetary fine 12. Ans. D aversive consequences? App a. 431 b. slower conditioning of anxiety 12. antisocial borderline narcissistic 12.125 If Rocco is antisocial. he would be MOST responsive to which of the following Ans. A App p. even though he knows his father will punish him. disinhibition of behavioral impulsitivity due to abnormally low CNS activity. openness c. a biologically-based deficit in classical conditioning of fear responses. which also p. reaction formation 304 . 435 b. splitting transference.133 Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three? a. Soo is treating a client with therapy techniques pioneered by Heinz Kohut. drug treatment systematic desensitization 12.131 Dr.136 Lillian is reacting to her therapist in many of the same ways she used to respond Ans.134 Ans. B App p. hoping to become a full-time * 12. narcissistic personality Adrienne has a personality disorder for which she is receiving systematic Ans. histrionic d. a process known as . What disorder is most likely? a.12. The client p.135 Which of the following treatments is not typically employed with individuals Ans. 435 characterized her earlier perceptions of her mother. expressive psychotherapy p. Lillian sometimes sees her App therapist as "all good" or "all bad. a. Soo's client probably have? App a. schizotypal Susan is a graduate student in clinical psychology. countertransference projection. avoidant c.132 Ans. unmet admiration and protection needs d. A to her mother. 435 M 12. antisocial d. borderline b. A Con p. transference. 435 E desensitization and training in social skills. D with borderline personality disorder? Fac a. splitting b. What disorder is MOST likely? histrionic personality disorder dependent personality disorder borderline personality disorder avoidant personality disorder 12. narcissistic 12. dialectical behavior therapy c. histrionic c. 435 calls the clinic three times a week demanding to be seen and has even shown up at Susan's home in a suicidal crisis. 435 b. Ans. self psychology c. C therapist. borderline p." a process called . dichotomizing splitting. D What disorder does Dr. She is beginning to wonder about the wisdom of her chosen career as App a result of me difficulty she is encountering with a current client. 436 Linehan describe Julie's family situation? a.137 Ans. improving academic achievement in school children c. B Con p. D Experimental Study? Fac a. impulse control training & parental training in effective childrearing social skills training & parental training in effective childrearing 12. 40 d. 436 b. C App p.141 When Julie told her parents that her uncle had sexually abused her. genetic screening and counseling programs for treating children's impulse control problems 12. diathesis-stress model d. DBT b. App This kind of response was relatively common in Julie's life. 28 b.12. reduction in parental substance abuse & increased involvement in school c. invalidating environments 12. 435-6 M Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three? a. 436 c. what causes the development of the unstable sense of self that is a central feature of borderline personality disorder? a.140 Ans. 438 E c. 436 b. splitting Accordmg to Linehan. C prevention of antisocial personality disorder? Fac a.142 Ans. If he is representative of most persons with this disorder. difficulty regulating intense emotions b.139 Which two prevention goals were addressed in the Montreal LongitudinalAns. 35 305 . increased involvement in school & impulse control training p. How would p.138 Which of the following approaches is currently LEAST important in the Ans. A Fac p. an example of psychological splitting an invalidating environment a dysfunctional family system a dialectic stress situation 12. her parents Ans. an emotionally unstable temperament dialectical environments 12. one could expect that Zahur's overt criminal behavior will begin to decrease at age a. B essentially ignored her distress and trivialized the importance of her experiences. Kemberg c. pre. 50 Zahur is an antisocial male.and postnatal health care p. SHORT ANSWER I ESSAY 12." which of the following statements is BEST supported? a. expressive psychotherapy or other object-relations therapy antipsychotic medication or electroconvulsive therapy He will not find any treatment that is effective. The apparent decrease in criminal activity is found only for older cohorts and is not found in the longitudinal studies. normal part of his day-to-day functioning. Why might you predict that Jasui will end treatment once the acute depressive disorder is successfully treated? Jasui probably will not see himself as troubled or suffering beyond the distress associated with depressive symptoms. D effective treatment for his antisocial clients.144 Ans. 439 a.'s cross-sectional work suggested that burnout occurred at age 40. Kenneth. Gina. could aggravate the interpersonal discomfort of the Axis II disorder. given its developmental origins). D Con p.12. Describe four ways in which this comorbidity can be understood. 438 M 12.145 Dr.'s longitudinal studies indicated that bumout occurs early. 12. b. Hare et al. with avoidant personality disorder d. 2) One of the disorders could have occurred earlier in time (possibly the personality disorder. 306 . Vince. A App p.143 Ans. Although Regier et al.147 Aimee has an Axis I diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder and an Axis II diagnosis of avoidant personality disorder. 439 E According to the cross-sectional and longitudinal research conducted on antisocial "burnout. What treatment approach will he App choose? p.146 Jasui is a client who is being treated for depression. Otis. with borderline personality disorder c. Moreover. with antisocial personality disorder b. 1) Both disorders coexist separately but the hyperarousal of the Axis I disorder. predisposing Aimee to developing the second disorder. for instance. around age 32. His therapist believes that Jasui also exhibits a schizotypal personality disorder. This bumout is found for criminal behavior but not for the psychopathic personality characteristics emphasized by Cleckley and hare. Studies of clinician's assessment practices indicate that this bumout is actually a function of diagnostic bias toward older clients. The traits associated with the personality disorder may be seen by Jasui as a natural. dialectic behavior therapy b. he will probably attribute most of the difficulties created by the personality disorder to the actions and attitudes of others and therefore be disinterested in further treatment. Braverman is reviewing the latest information available regarding the most Ans. For which client is the prognosis for effective treatment MOST guarded? a. with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder 12. low = borderline. but her real motivation in regard to this polarity is advancing herself and her own needs. avoidant. with one representing a milder version of an underlying continuum of disturbance. schizotypal. obsessive-compulsive Openness: high = not really applicable to any disorder. 307 . is diagnosed twice under different headings." Advancing the self/ caring for others: Sabrina would be superficially seen as caring for others. obsessive-compulsive Conscientiousness: high = obsessive-compulsive (although ambition is not matched with actual productivity). avoidant. this could be described as an "active dependency. she may go so far as to develop physical complaints (pseudo-painful symptoms) to keep others' attention. schizoid. She actively seeks out attention. antisocial. 12. possibly antisocial or borderline. dependent. praise.[12. however. borderline. low = paranoid. obsessive-compulsive 12. antisocial 12. Because of the underlying need for approval and acceptance. schizoid. although schizoid might come closest Extroversion: high = histrionic. antisocial. low = (not specified in text) possibly paranoid.148 List the Big Five factors and indicate one personality disorder that represents the two extremes of each dimension. schizotypal. low = schizoid. Passive accommodation / active modification: Sabrina will typically use active modification in her approach to dealing with the environment. schizotypal. in essence. She would minimize pain by avoiding attention to her underlying feelings of insecurity and dependence on others' approval.150 List Millon's three polarities and describe how you would characterize histrionic Sabrina according to each polarity. borderline. Neuroticism: high = paranoid. low = not really applicable. and approval and also will avoid being around others who have become tired of her flamboyance and who no longer are charmed by her. narcissistic. obsessive-compulsive. Perhaps these are two separate disorders that are different not so much in kind (categorically) but in degree (dimensionally). and particularly so on maximization of pleasure. there could be one underlying disorder that. On the other hand.149 For which three personality disorders does research most reliably document a genetic contribution? Schizotypal.147 cont'd] This could be an artifact of the symptom criteria for each disorder. histrionic. obsessive-compulsive (most descriptive) Agreeableness: high = dependent. Minimization of pain / maximization of pleasure: Sabrina is probably high on both of these. and adopted children whose biological parents were criminals are more likely to exhibit antisocial conduct. and poor supervision . abuse also role models violence as a solution to interpersonal conflict Early parental loss involved emotional conflict (e. integrated self-concept.154 To which personality disorder would you assign the worst treatment prognosis? For which disorders have specialized treatments been developed with some success? Worst -. also disrupts family functioning Chronic parental uninvolvement. possibly.153 Describe Linehan's diathesis-stress model of borderline personality disorder and some of the basic components of her system of therapy. narcissistic 308 . Diathesis = emotionally unstable temperament (biological contribution) Stress = invalidating environments in which almost all of the child's emotions are strongly controlled. punished.antisocial. Parental criminality . and impulsive as children. and an unusually low anxiety level. some success -. ignored. impulsive behaviors that supports an increased tolerance for negative behaviors.each fails to provide clear guidance regarding social mles.152 Describe the specific family variables that are consistently associated with antisocial behavior in offspring. Adults also exhibit an abnormally low level of CNS arousal as well as theta wave activity that is commonly seen in children (Hare's "immature cortex"). and clients are consistently helped to see that events can be viewed from multiple perspectives which decreases splitting and encourages a more stable. related to divorce) psychological damage due to trauma Low SES .g. difficulties in responding to aversive environmental contingencies for behavior (especially social/interpersonal cues). these factors may account for the lack of remorse or guilt following exploitative mistreatment of others. erratic discipline. This lack of sufficient cortical arousal may be the factor that leads to thrill seeking and aggressiveness. then confrontation of traumatic experiences begins. Concordance rates are higher for MZ than DZ twins.serves as a source of role modeling. also reinforces criminal behavior 12.151 What evidence suggests that genetic and biological factors are important in understanding antisocial personality disorder? What symptoms are accounted for by these factors? Twin and adoption studies confirm the role of genetic factors. 12. Low autonomic nervous system activity may also intensify this need for stimulating activities and interfere with the learning of behavioral inhibition. Her dialectical behavior therapy involves a reduction in high-risk. or trivialized These combine to make it very difficult for the individual to cope with any intense emotion and to impair the development of a stable sense of self. Taken together. 12.12. leading to repeated criminal acts and deceitfulness.. physical abuse. Adults with this disorder also tended to be hyperactive.lack of educational and health resources can cause feelings of alienation or hostility toward traditional social expectations Exposure to deviant peers .avoidant and borderline and. resulting in the disorder.another role modeling source. physically clumsy. What is the name for his condition? substance intoxication physiological dependence psychoactive delirium inebriation A counselor is questioning a new client about her psychoactive substance use. It affects the user's thinking. which condition must be met? Its use leads to intoxication and abuse. cocaine none of the above Martin has ingested a psychoactive substance. Kaplan probably saw a decline in the use of each of the following drugs EXCEPT marijuana. and behavior. and shows impaired motor coordination. has significantly changed his mood. 10 15 24 33 Sandy has a mental disorder. What disorder does she have? substance abuse bipolar disorder schizophrenia generalized anxiety disorder As a substance abuse counselor in the mid 1980s. On what basis would the counselor diagnose the presence of abuse? the presence of physiological versus psychological dependence the presence of personal impairment as a result of dmg use the presence of polysubstance use both b and c 309 . Mr.Chapter 13 SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS For drug X to be labeled as a "psychoactive" drug. It is an illegal substance or a misused prescription substance. emotions. altered thinking. He has impaired judgment. It causes impairment in work or family life or causes personal distress. Epidemiological data indicate that about percent of Americans aged 15 to 54 have used at least one illegal dmg in the past year. alcohol. Disorders such as hers are associated with the highest level of social and personal dismption. What App most likely accounts for the increased expense? p. and he insists he could "quit anytime I want to. craving tolerance resistance If Adriana. some drugs will force his buyers to spend larger and larger sums of App money for the same "kicks. The doctor says she no longer needs the pain pills. he thought his supplier was selling him bad pills because the effect wasn't the same unless he took two or three times as many pills as before. C relatives to pay for his habit that is getting more and more expensive. physiological dependence M b." What characteristic is the dealer counting on? p. punishment discrimination negative reinforcement 310 . 13. drinks alcohol in the morning in order to avoid the Ans. He has begun stealing money from Ans. He began taking uppers as a way to drive further on long days. an alcoholic. D considered a drug abuser? App a. C App p. M b. JoAnn had been off work for two months due to a back injury. 445 from the drug. Mike is a truck driver. The individual uses only marijuana and has not developed a polysubstance abuse partem. craving * c. 445 a. Since the individual smokes marijuana everyday." Joe worried he might be an alcoholic and decided to stop drinking. c. tolerance develops and signs of impairment are minimized. 445 a. Most people are not aware of his use of marijuana. The individual is not experiencing nor causing harmful consequences as a result of the illegal use. 445-6 C Which of the following persons would be described as having a psychological dependence on a substance? a. Ans. psychological dependence intoxication dose-response curve Keith has been mainlining for a month. what operant consequence occurs for her App behavior? p. A drug dealer knows that some drugs will be more profitable than others. A That is. After a couple of months.Why might a person who smokes marijuana on a daily basis NOT be Ans.8 Ans. but JoAnn is trying to obtain the prescription from different physicians and has missed several days of work because of these multiple appointments. substance intoxication b. The person does not suffer from withdrawal symptoms when abstaining p. positive reinforcement b. 445 a. Paul smokes a joint most days before going to work. After two days of not drinking he was so sick with a headache and nausea that he swore he had a horrible flu. D unpleasant symptoms of withdrawal. d. which of the following terms does not belong with the other Ans. a record of arrests for illegal possession p. d. 446 substance despite its exacerbation of his hypertension. Hakan spends a great deal of time trying to obtain the substance. dependence d. 311 . and he repeatedly uses the p. What DSM-IV p. substance-induced disorder and substance abuse substance dependence opioid intoxication and substance-induced disorder substance abuse and substance dependence Hector has a crystal meth substance abuse disorder. Hakan fails to fulfill major obligations at work. A intoxication. substance use disorder intoxication disorder alcohol-related disorder A 20-year-old male has been admitted to the hospital for acute opioid Ans.Diagnostically. His family indicates that he has been fired from his job and is App separated from his spouse as a result of his substance use. increased drug intake to avoid withdrawal symptoms physical assault toward a family member during intoxication Hakan uses a psychoactive substance. 445 diagnosis(es) is/are warranted? a. c. 445-6 b. B public drunkenness and an obvious downward spiral in his grades. substance-induced disorder p. Ans. Any of the above could signify dependence. C This means she has been App a. Which description below would indicate Ans. abusing psychoactive substance but is currently in a treatment program. substance use disorder c. free of signs of dependence for at least 1 month but for less than 1 year. diagnosed as a substance abuser but has a persistent desire to control her substance use. Martina has received a substance-related diagnosis of early full remission. What adverse consequence Ans. 446 drug-free for at least 3 months. D that Hakan has developed substance dependence? App a. What App DSM-IV diagnosis is appropriate? p. substance-induced disorder b. M b. Hakan needs markedly increased amounts of the substance to achieve its desired effects. C would NOT be present as part of bis disorder? App a. abuse A college student is feeing expulsion from school after his third arrest for Ans. 445 a. repeatedly using the drug while on his job as a forklift operator c. M b. A three? Con a. 445 b. giving up * important social and recreational activities. substance dependent for over a year but received treatment and has been p. and he is unsuccessful in his efforts to cut down on use. withdrawal c.5 gallons App b. 447 c. such as methamphetamine d. what characteristic(s) must be present? App a. 4. Washington d. A use or attitudes in the early 1990s compared to the 1970s and '80s? Con a. a male from Philadelphia. D a. Heavy drinking. 1 p. Rick. B that occur each year. 447 b. approximately what will his yearly intake be? Ans. Bess. has declined. E c. 446 b. an alcoholic male? App a. 28 d.9 gallons Based on epidemiological data. defined as more than 14 drinks/week. some kind of stimulant. 447 b. Nebraska Roughly what percentage of the American population is abstinent? Ans. Social acceptance of heavy alcohol use is diminishing. A a. 447 b. Bryan.Mira abuses PCP. d. One third of Americans are moderate to heavy drinkers. 3. a male from Seattle. B to drink alcohol? App a. In order for Mira's disorder to be diagnosed with a form of Ans.2 gallons p. C expectancy would you predict for Leo. 447 c. 57 If Leonard is an average drinker. 62 d. either a orb d. 65 c. 15 Fac b. marijuana p. a female from Atlanta. 2. such as cocaine If the average life expectancy for a male is about 72 years. Young adults report a small but steady decline in alcohol consumption. some kind of opioid.1 gallons d. 33 Which of the following statements does NOT apply to Americans' alcohol Ans. What substance does he use? App a. Francis. tolerance p. 4. Pennsylvania c. which of the following persons is MOST likely Ans. p. 70 p. neither a nor b Earl abuses a substance that contributes to half of the fatal traffic accidents Ans. what life Ans. 312 . a male from Omaha. Georgia p. alcohol c. D substance dependence. 447 b. lessened Danette realizes that individuals with alcohol use disorders often suffer nutritional deficiencies. Alphonse's tolerance will result in metabolism of ethanol. slower. What would account for these different levels? Both had four draft beers. who had one drink of 100-proof vodka Bertrand. who had two draft beers Suzanne. Her liver's ability to metabolize ethanol has been reduced and thus the efficiency with which substances enter the bloodstream is compromised. interfering with absorption of nutrients into her bloodstream. which of the following persons would have the highest BAC level after one hour? Michelle. who had one draft beer Chester. but one of the individuals has built up a physiological tolerance for alcohol.Natalie has just had a dnnk. when their BAC levels are tested.10. but one didn't feel like eating and had the higher . Which organ will carry out ethanol oxidation? the brain the liver the small intestine the kidney Alphonse has an alcohol dependence disorder. she makes a commitment to take high quality vitamins and to eat well at least once a day. allowing better absorption of vitamins. Two people enter a pub at exactly the same time and both leave two hours later. she probably lacks the beta-2 isoenzyme that slows the metabolism of ethanol. All other factors being equal. but one has the beta-2 isoenzyme and thus showed a higher BAC level. one is .05 level was a woman. his level of intoxication will be if he is eating food while drinking. Both had three glasses of wine. Though she won't stop her heavy drinking. increased slower.05 and the other is a . Both had two shots of 100-proof tequila. who had one drink of 100-proof gin 313 . including vitamin metabolism. increased faster. and the other was a man. but the person with the .10 level. lessened faster. Both are stopped by police in different parts of town shortly after leaving. Ethanol and acetaldehyde build up in body cells and dismpt their functions. however. Each person admits having had a couple of cocktails. Being female. therefore showing a higher BAC level. Both had two mixed drinks. Why might her strategy fail? Alcohol dehydrogenase will build up in her stomach. B substance is affecting the brain? Fac a. A App p. 448 b.5 Which of the following persons is at a slightly increased risk of cardiovascular disease? Ans. acetylcholine b. glutamate. His wife. 447 b. This Ans. eight 4-oz glasses of wine Clarence is at significant risk for cirrhosis of the liver as a result of his Ans. B Barry. B likely? App a. who drinks approximately three ounces of alcohol per day Geraldine is a chronic. nucleus accumbens c. Terrance. cerebellum p. glutamate Rolando has ingested a depressant. C consumption of ounces of ethanol per day. two six-packs of beer c. four shots (ounces) of whiskey p. 6 b.25? App a. 448 b.5 6. dopamine. substance will reduce activity of while increasing activity of a. C App p. 3. Melba. D of anxiety. 2 6. 448 a. elevation of HDL cholesterol c. frontal lobes d. 448 b. 448 c. who drinks approximately one ounce of alcohol per day c. which region of his brain was probably most strongly affected? App a. acetylcholine. cirrhosis p. 3. GABA. who drinks approximately two ounces of alcohol per day d.Using the text's definition of a drink. how many drinks would it take for Ans. If he experiences sedation and a reduction Ans. menstrual irregularities Mildred is ingesting the most commonly abused psychoactive substance. a stimulant 314 . p. a hallucinogen * d. 448 a. Yvette. heavy drinker. a depressant E c. immunosuppression d. If glutamate activity is decreased and GABA activity is increased. an opioid p. Ricardo. 4. is also at App significant risk but at a level of ounce per day. 1. who never drinks alcohol b. Norris. medial septal nucleus . an average-sized male. dopamine GABA d. six mixed drinks d. what sort of Ans. Which physical outcome is LEAST Ans. to reach a BAC of 0.2 to 0. . of a drug. What neurotransmitter was probably influential in that brain region? a. lateral geniculate nucleus c.10 d. and is having difficulty inhibiting his aggressive impulses. thalamus d. GABA or glutamate In reference to the effects of ethanol.A highway patrol officer is asking a driver to walk a straight line along the side of the road.20. nucleus accumbens cingulate gyrus cerebellum hypothalamus While the medial septal nucleus may account for the negatively reinforcing effects of alcohol. a. 12 d. GABA decreased. is drowsy. GABA c. What is his probable BAC level? a. dopamine b. If her BAC is .22 b. the may be the neurological basis for the positively reinforcing effects of that drug. dopamine increased. it is likely that the drug the neurotransmitter(s) increased. acetylcholine d. 19 c. The officer may not know it. . He has an unsteady gait. cerebellum b.05 Earlene is very intoxicated. a. her chance of being involved in a traffic accident is times higher than usual. but she is assessing whether the driver's may be under the influence of alcohol. nucleus accumbens Olds and Milner found that rats would rather stimulate a region of their hypothalamus than eat or engage in any other rewarding activity. dopamine or serotonin decreased. exogenous opiates If laboratory rats reduce their consumption of alcohol following the injection . 25 b. . which of the following substances does not belong with the other three? endorphins dopamine serotonin glutamate Don has been drinking. . 6 315 .15 c. he and his wife have cocktails and dinner in town about twice a week. B App p. prealcoholic > critical > chronic 316 . 450 c. D a. prodromal phase.44 Ans. * b." How might Jellinek describe Paul? a. prodromal > prealcoholic > chronic Fac b. crisis phase. crucial phase. Black < European < Hispanic p. Additionally. alcohol If Aiyana is a chronic substance abuser who exhibits an increasing impairment in problem-solving skills and visual-motor skills and has difficulties communicating with her family. and his friends are increasingly App reluctant to go out with him because of his behavior. Asian < Hispanic < Black c.after all. a nineteen year-old Asian male App b. 451 M involves cocktails and dinner. C time this has happened in the last six months. Paul is in the prealcoholic phase. chronic phase. Paul doesn't think he has a drinking problem . Black < Hispanic < European European < Asian < Hispanic Paul is 24 years old and has been out of college for two years. Paul is a Ans. which groups of Ans. Which of the following represents a correct progression of Jellinek's stages? Ans. A Americans are correctly ordered? Fac a. prealcoholic > prodromal > crucial p. an eighteen year-old white female p. Paul is in the pseudoalcoholic phase. Paul is in the socialized chronic phase.13. 449-50 b. heroin methamphetamine cannabis Which of the following persons is MOST likely to drink alcohol? Ans. Paul is in the crucial phase. Jellinek would describe p. B a. 450 b. what substance has she probably abused? a. Arthur drank so much last night that he became unconscious. 451 Arthur's drinking as a reflection of the M a. an eighteen year-old black male d. This is the third Ans. which usually App p. 451 c. B junior executive and entertains clients about three nights a week. a thirty year-old white female In order from LEAST to MOST likely to abuse alcohol.his drinking is social and sometimes "just takes the edge off. prodromal > chronic > crucial E d. If Lynn is an alcoholic. Lynn's disorder began at age 35. Prodromal Type Crisis Type Type I Type II When an alcoholic individual is diagnosed with some form of cognitive-Ans. She is prone to Ans. dementia). and believes that there are small animals App swarming around him. biting at his arms and legs. D abuse who has been a patient in a state psychiatric facility for two years. p.g. which characteristic Ans. alcohol-induced persisting amnestic disorder. secondary psychiatric disorder model b. Lynn has Type II alcoholism. Ronald is a 60-year-old male with a history of chronic and severe substance Ans. How would Cloninger describe her p. Lynn has severe alcohol abuse problems. What disorder is likely? Type I alcohol-induced dementia Alzheimer's disease opioid-induced NMDA syndrome Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome Lynn and Pat are MZ twins. Lynn and Pat are males rather than females. which comorbidity explanation is usually Fac relevant? p. and he seemed oblivious to the discrepancies.Jamie is a female who began drinking when she was 32. 453 b. C deficiency. 452 alcohol withdrawal dementia. What is probably p. d. This disorder is a type of App alcohol-induced delirium. 452 by 12 years. alcohol-related primary degenerative dementia. his answer was off by 15 years. 31 7 . 451 alcoholism? a. A sensory impairment (e. profuse sweating. common factor model secondary alcoholism model bidirectional model Akule is in Jellinek's chronic stage of substance abuse. When asked again later.. B muscle tremors. p. D feelings of anxiety but does not act out impulsively when she drinks. d. although App she is now a substance abuser. c. 452 happening? a. App When asked the date. a hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder an alcohol withdrawal delirium an opioid intoxication disorder a stimulant intoxication delirium Walter has the rare alcohol-related disease caused in part by a thiamine Ans. He is experiencing Ans. c. C below is LEAST associated with Pat's likelihood of developing the disorder? App a. Ronald without hesitation gave an answer that was off p. 451-2 a. 454-5 increases in pleasant emotional states. frequency of D2 receptors c. the number and intensity of stressors that people experience on a day-to day basis d. Animal studies have failed to demonstrate the hypothesized relationship of low serotonin levels to alcohol craving. what mechanism Ans. the physiological effects of changes in glutamate and GABA that lead to decreases in unpleasant emotional states. P300 wave amplitude b. suggesting it be called the "pleasure M enhancing hypothesis" b. b. one could expect to find each of the following characteristics Con in Todd EXCEPT p. abnormally low MAO activity.57 Ans. 454 a. "It doesn't get any Ans. 453-4 a. Based on available studies of such 13. B Fac p. reinforcement contingencies. consumer hysteria." If an individual believes that drinking this beverage will lead App to increased contentment and reduced stress. b. accelerated heart rate change upon alcohol ingestion.58 Ans. A Fac p. 454 E Which of the following is NOT one of the promising biological markers of vulnerability to alcoholism? a. None of the above is correct. beta wave activity d. It is extremely impractical to extract it from an individual's central nervous system. the physiological effects of changes in dopamine and serotonin that lead to p. D appears to be crucial in this psychological process? Con a. belief adherence. this individual is exhibiting p. alcohol expectancies.56 Ans.13. abnormally low P300 amplitude. In studies evaluating the tension reduction hypothesis. Family studies linking it to alcoholism have not been consistently replicated. One alcoholic beverage producer decided to use the slogan. b. the nature of an individual's beliefs about alcohol's ability to reduce unpleasant emotional states or increase pleasant emotional states 318 . MAO enzyme activity Why has serotonin NOT been emphasized as a highly promising biological marker for alcoholism? a. as suggested by the theory c. C better than this. Todd is the son of an alcoholic father. A fathers and sons. abnormally high beta wave activity. 453 E * 13. believes he is NOT drinking alcohol and whose beverage DOES contain alcohol According to research conducted with the AEQ. who believes that drinking will increase her experience of social pleasure Rose. who has high alcohol expectancies. Which of the following men will drink the MOST? Stephen. Their experimental study indicated that expectations could lead to increased drinking even when participants' beverages actually had no alcohol. who believes that drinking will reduce tension. who has moderate alcohol expectancies. who has low alcohol expectancies. who believes that drinking will lead to increased power Emmett. Their study confirmed Freud's contention that alcoholism is a reflection of frustrated oral needs and regression to the oral stage. Their study was instrumental in showing that problem drinking was more closely related to parental role modeling than inherited biological vulnerabilities. believes he is NOT drinking alcohol and whose beverage does NOT contain alcohol Marco.How has the research of Alan Marlatt and colleagues been significant in challenging the disease model of alcohol dependence? Their longitudinal study showed that junior high school students' positive expectancies could predict later drinking behaviors. who believes that drinking will lead to increased power Ryan. for which of the following persons would you make the most confident prediction that she or he engages in problem drinking? Martinique. anxiety. who has high alcohol expectancies. believes he IS drinking alcohol and whose beverage does NOT contain alcohol Rudy. believes he IS drinking alcohol and whose beverage DOES contain alcohol Zahur. and anger Which of the following persons is MOST likely to engage in problem drinking? an Irish teen who believes alcohol will enhance sexual experiences an American teen who believes alcohol will increase aggression and dominance an American teen who believes alcohol will increase social competence an Irish teen who believes that alcohol will reduce unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and depression What variable has been shown to reliably predict junior high school students' subsequent drinking behaviors? externalizing alcohol expectancies dependent personality both a and b 319 . C with offspring's likelihood of alcohol abuse during adolescence? Fac a. Which of the following is the best explanation for why she developed alcohol dependence by age 22? Given the strong genetic contributions to this disorder. B that of his parents. She probably developed an externalizing personality as a result of the early trauma and foster care experiences. A aggressiveness toward peers. leads to alcohol use disorders. along with peer pressure in adolescence. she lived in 3 separate foster homes. What is the p. 456 name for his behavior pattern? a. 458 c. The naturally occurring stress of multiple foster homes. which. biological Fac b. There were no signs of p. Con b. learning perspective is to disease model. 32 0 . none of the above Jeanne's biological father was an alcoholic and her mother was not. Legal sanction is to complete abstinence as Ans. 457 a. A combination of biological vulnerability. psychological p. moderate consumption very heavy consumption any of the above What factor is MOST important as a cause of alcohol use disorders? Ans. and strained relationships with foster parents probably caused her disorder. biological factors are probably the cause of her disorder. M d. Over the App next 14 years. 457 b. What drinking pattern would you predict for the family App members? p. frequent dangerous behaviors (such as trying to App break into school after hours).Dimitri is a 12-year-old male who is often getting into trouble for Ans. moral perspective is to disease model. p. C a. externalizing antisocial personality undersocialization hyperactive temperament Which of the following family-related variables is LEAST strongly associated Ans. D a. social E d. level of satisfaction with parent-child relationship There is a close match between Thongsay's level of alcohol consumption and Ans. presence of family "rituals" M c. parental discipline style p. abstinence b. 458 c. learning perspective is to moral perspective. parental abstinence from alcohol * d. was sufficient to cause her disorder. B parents both died in a car accident when she was only 4 years old. and impulsive acting-out at home. 458 alcohol abuse in any of her homes. psychological expectancies. along with a genetic predisposition. disease model is to learning perspective. Her Ans. habit The disease model of alcoholism is endorsed by most persons in each of the following groups EXCEPT a. 458 E * 13. d. b. 458-9 c. B displays a disinhibition temperament. participate in relapse prevention. she is Ans. A Fac p. experiencing the effects of her first ingestion of a hallucinogenic drug.72 Ans. sin d. 460 c. App b.. her alcohol App problem will be viewed as a p. disease b. academic psychologists. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. attend AA meetings. d. p. 321 . If this program is Ans. which approach to understanding alcohol abuse and alcoholism appears to be most reasonable? a. b. Alcoholics Anonymous. What model is the student following? p. participating in the first stage of aversion therapy for alcohol dependence. none of the above Jacques is a participant in a study by Tarter and Vanyukov." In other words. M d. he will Ans. If Aaron receives the most common form of help for his alcoholism. the Minnesota model b. accepting the fact that she is an alcoholic.S. A based on the most common treatment model used in the U. D Fac p. p. 458 a. App b. Marlatt prevention model Cloninger model Tarter and Vanyukov model Awenita has entered a program for alcohol dependence. abnormally low serotonin levels abnormally low MAO activity abnormally slow beta wave activity A graduate student is conducting research to determine whether certain Ans. what biological marker might you also Con expect to find? p. moral weakness. B a. abnormally small P300 amplitude b. c.73 Ans. enter a hospital-based detox program followed by individual counseling. disease. 458 a. Marilyn is "first stepping. If Jacques Ans.13. deficit in coping and social skills. C a. physicians. receive outpatient marital and/or family therapy. beginning to experience withdrawal from an opioid drug. learned habit. D temperaments in combination with certain environments are likely to dispose App an adolescent to problem drinking. 460 a. Based on scientific data. 460 c. How might you describe Betty's behavior? classically conditioned codependent symbiotic agonistic Which of the following persons is MOST likely to drink less and report greater Ans. A empirically-based answer would you give? Con a. Each time Coretta touches a bottle of alcohol. 461 c. 460 c.Which of the following best describes AA's treatment approach? Ans. p. spiritual If someone were to ask you about the effectiveness of the AA approach. It is effective. AA is to behavioral therapy. whose spouse attends his behavioral therapy sessions. Once a member becomes a sponsor for newcomers. interpersonal d. Sylvester. 322 . Con b. when Coretta App feels apprehensive upon seeing a bottle in the cabinet at home. d. who undergoes individual behavioral therapy. M b. In classical conditioning terms. who receives marital therapy with his spouse. conditioned stimulus. 460-1 yet known. D a. Sylvester and Norris will report similar positive outcomes. Insufficient research has been conducted. c. the sponsor's abstinence rate is nearly 100%. C marital satisfaction as a result of treatment for alcohol abuse? App a. Classical conditioning is to operant conditioning as Ans. aversion therapy is to community reinforcement. what Ans. 461 b. Ralph can always count on p. sociocultural p. A but aversive shock to her arm. her therapist administers a mild Ans. E d. B a. although members demonstrate higher relapse rates than do alcoholics who are treated under the Minnesota model. B She tries to hide his problem from family and friends by making excuses for App him or attempting to act like it doesn't bother her. Norris. medication is to aversion therapy. p. community reinforcement is to AA. 461 Betty to explain why he has to miss work because of a bad case of the "flu" when his hangover keeps him in bed. More than half of its members drop out during the first year because the method is not helpful to them. conditioned response. so its overall effectiveness is not p. unconditioned stimulus. Betty spends a great deal of her life dealing with Ralph's alcohol problem. Eric. behavioral Fac b. unconditioned response. Ans. 461 become a(n) a. the bottle has p. D a. 463 c. 462 b. Part of her treatment includes Ans. diagnosed with alcohol dependence p. 463 a. 462 M disulfiram. Which of the Con following statements is CORRECT in regard to that prediction? p. The prediction can function as a type of a positive alcohol expectancy and can itself increase the likelihood of the continued drinking. Marion has a substance abuse disorder. C to receive for these symptoms? App a. Mariatt and colleagues conclude that this prediction holds true for about 80 percent of those members. discouragement of drinking For which of the following persons might controlled drinking be an effective Ans. What medication would this be. RAND corporation research and the Sobells' studies largely support this C prediction. Which of the following concepts does NOT belong with the other three? Ans. Valium d. self-fulfilling prophecy E d. relapse aversion process Con b. What sort of medication is she most likely Ans. Don. She is undergoing a kind of aversion therapy in which she will experience very unpleasant effects if she uses alcohol. diagnosed with alcohol abuse c. This is a kind of antagonist drug that blocks production of endogenous App opiates to decrease her opioid cravings. C relapses. 462 b. diagnosed with alcohol dependence None of the above. reduction in craving p. A medication which interferes with the production of endogenous opiates. and what is its therapeutic effect? App naltrexone. She is undergoing detox and is receiving treatment for the withdrawal M symptoms of alcohol abuse. Relapse prevention studies indicate that this prediction is confirmed primarily for older. controlled drinking has not received empirical support for its efficacy AA's approach to treating alcoholism includes the prediction that if a member Ans. self-defeating cognitions p. reduction of withdrawal symptoms carbamazepine.Shelly is experiencing severe DTs. discouragement of drinking * benzodiazepine. abstinence violation effect 323 . p. naltrexone c. B treatment approach? App a. Antabuse p. 462 b. A a. dextroamphetamine What kind of treatment is Kenesha going through if she is taking disulfiram? Ans. She is undergoing detox and is receiving treatment for the withdrawal symptoms of barbiturate abuse. renewed abuse or dependence will take place. alcohol dependent individuals but not for younger. Raoul. Melinda. alcohol abusing individuals. an educational emphasis on the short-term negative consequences of drinking. C targeting substance abuse. persuasive communication by experts in the field of substance abuse. A of the following EXCEPT App a. They are components of Marlatt and Gordon's ASTP. They are components of brief intervention programs for opioid abusers. skill training in interpersonal communication and assertiveness M b. was confident that he App would have one glass of wine "just to fit in" but would drink nothing more. when alcohol use has already begun a lack of sufficient programs that incorporate needed multicomponent approaches the cultural support for alcohol use 324 . 464 a. provision of information about long-term negative consequences of substance abuse and dependence 13. They are components of prevention programs aimed at adolescents. Thu is an adolescent who is participating in a school-based prevention program Ans. 464 b.Henri agreed to attend a cocktail party in honor of a friend who was receiving Ans. 464 E a. What prevention approach is likely to be MOST App effective in changing Thu's behavior and attitudes? p. 463 According to Marlatt and Gordon. He would experience each Ans. a recovering alcoholic. c. resistance training. what initial factor would precipitate a relapse for Henri? an abstinence violation effect a negative alcohol expectancy violation community reinforcement an apparently irrelevant decision Allen is a participant in an ASTP on his campus. D an important award. What factor is identified as crucial in Fac accounting for these outcomes? p. p. 464-5 a. D adolescents who complete them. enhancement of self-esteem and values clarification * c. They are components of AA's treatment approach. p.95 Data reveal that prevention programs have only a modest impact on Ans. b. and normative education have Ans. Henri. What do affective education. B in common? Fac p. nonconfrontational discussions with other group members about how his drinking affects his behavior. promotion of peer norms and public commitment to abstinence d. an overreliance on simplistic "just say no" school-based programs M b. a failure to offer programs to students prior to ninth grade. encouragement to engage in controlled drinking by avoiding the abstinence M violation effect. C based therapy approach be LEAST useful for treating problem drinking? Fac a. someone in the preparation stage p. C several years. 469 c. B changes and has not sought professional treatment. Wilhelm is at what stage of readiness-for-change? maintenance contemplation preparation According to the readiness-for-change model. B a. Dexedrine E d. for whom might an aversionAns. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder c. which stage of change is App she in. 468 c. according to Prochaska et al.If Adrienne is aware of her drinking problem but is not yet willing to make Ans. morphine 13.101 Which of the following descriptions does NOT apply to drugs such as Xanax? Ans. App p. affect the CNS through general suppression of brain cell activity E d. contemplation precontemplation prereadiness Wilhelm has begun to make small changes in his problem drinking behavior. action He hopes to cut ties with his "drinking buddies" and form new friendships that do not involve drinking. 469 a. anxiety disorders p. crystal meth Fac b. A a. preparation b. someone in the maintenance stage Which of the following drugs is a type of depressant? Ans. Seconal p. he attempted to commit suicide by drinking alcohol App and taking another psychoactive substance. can cause dependence and withdrawal even when prescribed therapeutically 13. someone in the prodromal stage c.? p. 466 a. an hallucinogen. less likely than barbiturates to be the lethal agent in completed suicides Con b. a narcotic. The other drug was most likely p. safer. D such as slightly reducing his alcohol intake and taking better care of his health. withdrawal symptoms of alcohol dependence painful muscle spasms 325 . less toxic than barbiturates p.100 Jim has been suffering from major depression and alcohol dependence for Ans. B prescribed? Fac a. Ans. someone in the contemplation stage d. 13. 466-7 b.102 For which of the following conditions would a benzodiazepine NOT be Ans. b. Recently. an amphetamine. 466 a. 469 b. a barbiturate. opioid. stimulant. c. D App p. stimulant. have short-term impairment in fine motor skills. If she experiences the abstinence syndrome. elevated body temperature and coronary activity.105 Ans. what is she probably abusing? p. caffeine Edmund has just ingested a dmg that is causing feelings of exhilaration and vigor. 470 M * Which drag does not belong with the other three? a. a. opioid. 13. as well as nausea and vomiting. anticholinergics. dopamine d. He has probably taken some kind of that is increasing his brain's availability of .104 Ans.108 Leta's friends are worried about her weight loss over the past few months and Ans. hypnotics. 470 M Lewis was arrested for illegal drug possession with intent to sell. D are alarmed that she has begun to accuse her husband of trying to poison her. 470 E 13. d. b. short-term memory. namely stimulants.13. experience mild symptoms of anxiety and physical discomfort that will last a few days due to an incomplete detoxification process. After a week confined in jail. You are a new intern on a psychiatric unit for geriatric patients. anxiolytics. have symptoms of body aches and mood disruption that may last for a few months and leave her vulnerable to relapse. and attentional capacities as her body adjusts to its detoxified state. begin to engage in apparently irrelevant decisions that foster self-defeating cognitions. MDMA d. C App p. morphine 13. App If Leta is a substance user. dopamine b. When conducting a cognitive assessment of your patients. methadone c. as well as talkativeness. cocaine d. 471 a. serotonin 13. What dmg was he probably addicted to? dextroamphetamine crack cocaine Valium Margo has undergone several weeks of hospitalization for detox following depressant abuse. A App p. B Con p. you would want to be especially alert to potential impairment caused by a commonly prescribed class of drugs.107 Ans. 470 a. 13. nicotine b.106 Ans. crack cocaine b. which can lead to the abstinence violation effect. cannabis c. Margo will a. he began to experience withdrawal symptoms such as sweating. 470 a.103 Ans. methamphetamine / 32 6 . C App p. endorphins c. 471 E What do South American Incas and Sigmund Freud have in common? a. opioid. What substance is in that legal beverage that will later be an illegal recreational drug? a. Marianna.109 Which of the following persons is MOST likely to be at risk for HIV infection Ans." This drug is a type of App a. D Fac a.114 Ans. C App p. stimulant.115 Marry is smoking a drug that occurs in the form of brownish crystals or Ans. p. a recreational user of mescaline 13. barbiturate : depressant Ans. B "rocks. 471 E c. caffeine b. mescaline : hallucinogen d. LSD p. cocaine b. cocaine 13.13. a belief in the dangers of the leaf of the nicotiniana tabacum b. nicotine : stimulant c. 472 b. heroin 13. d. the use of morphine as a powerful analgesic b. A as a result of the means by which she or he ingests a psychoactive substance? Con a.113 Which psychoactive substance. D Con p.111 Which of the following substances and categories are INCORRECTLY paired? a. amphetamine c. the use of peyote as a treatment for some forms of emotional disturbance d. c. 471 b. 327 . hallucinogen. PCP c. Vance. cocaine : opioid 13. a recreational user of amphetamines p.112 Ans. a focus of the Harrison Act. heroin d. A App p. cocaine d. MDMA 13. What drug was this? a. a daily cannabis smoker d. an interest in the use of the leaf of the erythroxylon coca 13. methamphetamine d. became a popular drug of choice for middle. a regular cocaine free-baser c. 472 M * Comedian Richard Pryor suffered severe bums to much of his upper body as a result of an accident mat occurred while he was ingesting a particular drug. B Fac p. 471 b. Marcus. LSD c.110 Ans. Anica.and upper-income groups during the late 1970s? Ans. 471 E Harold is drinking a carbonated soft drink in the year 1895. depressant. 472-3 b. D App p. she has had so much App drip coffee that she has muscle tremors. p.119 Lance drinks two 6 oz. cocaine "crashes" are less likely. 472 b. can cause respiratory failure and death. nicotine c.118 Barbara. Lance will probably experience REM sleep disruption and decreased total sleep time. Today. 472 b. dexedrine d. C EXCEPT Fac a.120 Ans. 473 b. "ice" Bianca is quite worried about her husband's drug habit. deadly poison 13.117 Which drug is sometimes used to treat migraine headaches. cocaine produces a more euphoric experience. c. d. cocaine produces faster effects. a law student. How many 6 oz. cannabis 13. D Landolt and colleagues say about the possible risks associated with this use? App a. B fresh little sleep and is having trouble staying awake.116 Cocaine is different from the amphetamines in each of the following ways Ans.121 Ans. d. asthma. p. and the Ans. c. What substance is being ingested? a. p. Lance will be at slightly greater risk of developing a mild anxiety disorder M than are people who do not use caffeine. Bianca's husband is smoking a substance which. She has had very Ans. intoxication d. is agitated and very talkative. cocaine's effects last for a shorter length of time. cups of fresh drip coffee every morning. crack cocaine mescaline nicotine 328 . cups of coffee would be needed to produce these effects? 5 7 10 12 13.13. indigenous South American plant b. 472 and can no longer study effectively due to disorganized thinking. 473 C Which of the following terms does NOT belong with the other three? a. in a few direct drops on the tongue. Lance will probably experience an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. has been studying for the bar exam. What would Ans. 13. Lance will develop a dependence on the caffeine that will be associated with mild withdrawal symptoms if he stops drinking coffee. caffeine p. French ambassador to Portugal c. C Con p. A congestion caused by head colds? Fac a. 13. As a result. she exhibits an irritable and depressed mood. Daniel's dependence developed quickly due to the substance's effects on which neurotransmitter(s)? serotonin. dopamine and acetylcholine. What substance is the most likely culprit? barbiturate cannabis alcohol nicotine Which of the following has NOT been utilized for treatment of cocaine abuse? Antabuse community reinforcement Cocaine Anonymous node-link mapping Which of the following treatment interventions for cocaine abuse is conceptually most similar to relapse prevention for alcoholism? bromocriptine therapy node-link mapping community reinforcement Cocaine Anonymous In the 1970s.S. 8 329 Americans smoked cigarettes. today. has a slower-than-normal heart rate. endorphins and enkephalins. . about one of every this number is about one of every a. 8 b. . 4 d. 4. and is gaining weight. 2. Nicole has stopped ingesting a drug for which she has developed a dependence.Which of the following dmgs is LEAST likely to produce intoxication? nicotine caffeine cannabis methadone Stimulation of dopamine activity in the nucleus accumbens is one of the central effects of each of the following substances EXCEPT nicotine. 3. heroine alcohol none of the above Daniel has a substance dependence disorder that is related to what many experts consider to be the number one public health problem in the U. 2. endorphins and serotonin. 6 c. Which of the following does not belong with the other three? a. 9 to 10 c.130 Ans.132 Ans. barbiturate is to depressant. If she works with 15 clients in a group. opioids cannabis cocaine 330 . alcohol is to nicotine.131 Ans. 475 b. 5 or 6 d. including nicotine replacement therapy. anticraving is to anti-withdrawal. 476 b. b. C Con p. What recommendation would you realistically make to him? a. Find a program in which you will have frequent contact with a counselor who helps you quit smoking gradually.13. 476 E 13. D Con p. 462. d. d. 475 a. Find a program in which they encourage abmpt "cold turkey" cessation and they do not rely on nicotine gum or patches. b.75 M 13.133 Ans.134 Ans. narcotic b. A App p. about 8 13. You could recommend any of the above. In a similar fashion. B App p. given that this substance dependence disorder is rarely effectively treated. endorphins is to serotonin. If he is typical of such would-be quitters. A Fac p. He recently tried to quit and is very disappointed that he was unable to do so. a. roughly what number of those clients will she expect to see in treatment again within one year if the program shows average results? 10 7 4 Naltrexone is to mecamylamine as a. 12 13. how many times will he try to quit before achieving lasting success? a. poppy plant c. cannabis A recognition of posttraumatic stress disorder came about in part because of the experiences of Vietnam War veterans. 475 M Marko has smoked for several years.129 Ans. 13. stimulants A psychology intern is one of a team of counselors offering an intensive behavioral treatment program for smoking cessation. endorphins d. c. c. Find a program in which you quit "cold turkey" while also receiving a prescription for mecamylamine. Civil War veterans helped make the addictive potential of widely known. D App p. 3 or 4 Jin-Uk wants to find a treatment for his smoking addiction. She seems disconnected to the events going on around her. C App a. D bar and bought a dose of heroin and decided to inject it before going home. LSD heroin methamphetamine Jerome is a heroin addict who mainlines in his home.76 c. 476 a. p. MDMA c. 477 b. cocaine Estrella is in a drug-induced state of euphoria. exogenous opioids. heroin is to cocaine. What sort of drug has she ingested? a.135 Ans. Each of the following substances would reduce his pain EXCEPT Ans.137 Tchong is addicted to a drug that was developed by German physicians in the Ans. D late 19th century as a powerful analgesic. 13. This same drug is associated with extremely high App rates of HIV in some inner cities. crack cocaine methamphetamine PCP 13. What substance is this? App a. 476 b. cocaine d. a narcotic antagonist. he went to a 13. 476 Opium and heroin are types of a. 13. heroin 13. endogenous endorphins. What drug is Theodore using? p.141 Ans. endorphins.139 Mainlining is to free-basing as Ans. d.136 Guillermo is in severe pain due to injuries sustained in an automobile accident. exogenous opiates.138 Theodore is a 25 year-old. LSD p. c. 13. Con b. cannabinoids. 472. App This time. A use a certain illegal drug. B Fac p. operant conditioning b. B a. he died of an overdose. p. heroin b. amphetamine is to heroin. endogenous opioids. morphine is to heroin.140 Ans. E * d. 476 b. E d. classical conditioning environmental-dependent opioid tolerance both b and c 33 1 . and her speech is slurred. cocaine is to MDMA.13. C App p. c. an opiate agonist. One night. What accounts for this outcome? p. b. relatively affluent male who thinks it is "trendy" to Ans. 477 a. MDMA p. Eddie will reduce his risk of contracting HIV. narcotics. what is most likely to cause this p. b. acetylcholine b. 477-8 b. A App Carmen seems unhappy.13. Eddie will require less methadone if he is involved in supportiveexpressive short-term psychoanalysis. D Fac p. and oversensitive to pain. C withdrawal symptoms of alcohol dependence. 13. NMDA c. d. hyperalert. GABA c. 332 . p. hallucinogens. anxious. 13. D a. 13. 477 syndrome? a. withdrawal from an opioid withdrawal from a stimulant intoxication from a narcotic withdrawal from a depressant 13. Methadone maintenance therapy leads to reductions in HIV risk and significantly reduced illicit opioid use.143 Ans. 477-8 symptoms. sedatives and hypnotics. 479 E What neurotransmitter is most directly involved in the CNS effects of THC? a. dopamine d. 477 a. Eddie will increase his use of cocaine. Eddie will be dependent on this treatment for 10 years or more. serotonin d. Which of the Ans. they would agree that naltrexone Con is a central component in detoxification related to p.146 Eddie is a participant in a methadone maintenance program.142 As you read the text and prepared for the exam. which neurotransmitter Ans. d. If Carmen has a substance dependence disorder. The addition of a psychological therapy component to methadone maintenance does not appear to affect treatment outcomes. 477 b. c. Fac b. E c.144 While some clinicians question the need for medication in the treatment of Ans. THC's neurochemical action has not been determined. It is a synthetic opioid prescribed as a substitute for heroin.147 Ans. A following outcomes is LEAST likely for him? App a. cocaine and crack. endorphins 13. Her friend is also wondering if Carmen has had the flu for the past few days. It is less addictive than heroin and causes less problematic withdrawal p.145 Which of the following statements is FALSE in regard to methadone? Ans. B probably mediated your learning and memory processes among neurons? App a. The concentration of THC in marijuana grown and distributed in the 1990s is almost 5 times higher than it was in plants cultivated earlier.13. 479 M Which of the following issues BEST describes why it is difficult to compare studies conducted in the 1970s with studies conducted in the 1990s regarding the observed effects of frequent marijuana use? a. B the door to the all-night diner to satisfy his munchies urge.152 Ans. 479 E movie she and her date are viewing -. c. b. d. short-term memory. Jack. ability to sustain attention. who has advanced-stage multiple sclerosis Raphael. D Fac p. Marleen. and enhances her enjoyment of the App p. Ans. 13. A seems to make the night pass more slowly.148 Ans. What drug is she probably THC MDMA LSD PCP THC intoxication is related to impairments in each of the following EXCEPT a. What psychoactive App substance has he probably ingested? p. b. and is heading out Ans. none of the above 333 . fine motor coordination. The demographic characteristics of persons using this drug changed dramatically over the two decades. who has severe glaucoma 13. marijuana psilocybin crystal meth or "ice" 13. D Con p. C possible treatment? App a. 479 chemotherapy b. who has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa Stacey.150 Dorian has bloodshot eyes. Researchers in the 1970s were unlikely to obtain measurements that would have demonstrated the drug's impairment of psychological characteristics. Increased concern about legal penalties may cause research participants to be less candid in their self-reports in the 1990s. cocaine b.149 For which of the following persons would marijuana NOT be considered as a Ans. c. who is experiencing anticipatory nausea as a result of his p. d.the dialogue seems witty and the figures on the screen seem almost real enough to touch. a faster-tlian-normal heartbeat. 479 using? 13.151 Salome is on a date and has taken a drug that is enhancing her present mood. 479 a. tactile 13. He could defensibly make each of the following Con statements EXCEPT p.158 Cassie is under the influence of a drag which is making her feel as though she Ans. benzodiazepines.155 John was explaining to his girlfriend why she shouldn't worry about his Ans. 13. and some people are strongly in favor of making it legal again. A App p. 13. Marijuana is not associated with any significant form of dependence. B concern? App a. "Psychological research has not yet documented any significant. C occasional use of marijuana. 13. which form(s) of dependence are of greatest Ans." M b. both physiological and psychological d. B a." "It used to be legal in the U. Both regular drug use and the amotivational syndrome are related to a common underlying genetic predisposition toward abnormally low CNS activity levels. cannabis. 479-80 a. psychological c. 479 b. auditory Fac b. and the depression also accounts for the amotivational syndrome. glutamate.13. synesthesia b. Evidence from automobile and motorcycle accidents suggests that a similar group might also be concerned about persons who drive under the influence of a. 480 M Current empirical evidence on the long-term psychological effects of cannabis provides reliable evidence for which of the following statements? a.154 If Brandon abuses marijuana. D Fac p. physiological p." "A joint contains fewer toxic carcinogens than do the cigarettes that you smoke. olfactory E d. There is a group known as Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD).157 Which type of hallucination is most common in relation to psychedelic drags? Ans. "I won't get hooked [physically dependent] on this drug.156 Ans.. 480 c." 13.153 Ans. None of the above has been reliably substantiated. 479 b. MDMA. visual dyskinesia psychedelic perception flashback 334 . Regular use of the drag causes an amotivational syndrome. b. App What is the term for her "seeing" her instructor's voice? p. lasting harmful effects of this drag. A can "see" the voice of her instructor as she listens to the instructor's lecture. Preexisting mild depression leads to the use of marijuana as selfmedication.S. visual p. 480 a. C a. d. Ecstasy c.162 Ans. D under the influence of a psychedelic. was originally developed to serve as a medical anesthetic. munchies : cannabis M d. Ans. extreme euphoria : methamphetamine 13.13. what neurotransmitter is most likely Fac being altered? p. LSD. C ingesting a psychoactive substance.159 If an individual is experiencing psychotic-like symptoms as a result of Ans. LSD Fac b. physical health risks. A App p. mescaline. 482 c. c. barbiturates 13. B App p. 335 . Tragedy struck when Eleanor suddenly collapsed and died on the dance floor. D a. d. PCP E d. a possible hallucinogen persisting perception disorder. panic attacks during intoxication. cannabis p. dopamine b. 481 M c. A physician called to the scene diagnosed the cause of death as hyperthermia.164 Like heroin. rush : heroin Con b.161 Bryce uses LSD. 480 a. p. 13. NMDA Tracey is under the influence of a dmg which is making her feel as though her body has been stretched eight feet. psilocybin b. A possible consequences EXCEPT App a. such as withdrawal symptoms.163 Ans. You would be concerned about each of the following Ans. cocaine 13. What dmg did she take? a. trip : LSD p. 482 b. p. What dmg has she ingested? a.160 Which of the following terms are INCORRECTLY paired? Ans. LSD b. Ecstasy phencyclidine 13. endorphins serotonin norepinephrine 13. he would MOST likely be taking App a. heroin dexedrine Eleanor accepted an unknown dmg at a party. extremely variable moods.165 If Clark Kent weren't really Superman but only thought he was because he was Ans. Tracey also "sees" her boyfriend's voice as he talks to her on the phone. 481 b. 481 c. 481 M c. PCP. However. menstrual irregularities in females. c. anemia. Women also tend to believe that alcohol will increase their sense of power. mescaline. What are the four models that could account for this comorbidity. do so after some type of crisis. b. 13.167 List six of the many health risks associated with chronic alcohol abuse. perhaps the drinking was a way to self-medicate. testosterone suppression in males. stroke. with there sometimes being too little and other times too much GABA production. d. cirrhosis of the liver. SHORT ANSWER / ESSAY 13. 482 E A middle-class European American college student is LEAST likely to use a. the symptoms of each exacerbate the other's. Common factor model: perhaps one underlying factor causes both disorders. and are less likely to go on drinking binges. Bidirectional model: regardless of which disorder occurred first. perhaps a significant dysregulation of GABA is the culprit. WernickeKorsakoff syndrome and several other alcohol-related cognitive disorders. cancers of the mouth. LSD. pancreatitis. breast. arrhythmia. larynx. Ecstasy. perhaps a chronic.166 Ans. 336 . Secondary psychiatric disorder model: the alcohol problem caused the anxiety disorder. spontaneous abortion or damage to a developing fetus.168 In what way do women with alcohol problems differ from men with such problems? Women typically start drinking later in life. heavy level of drinking has caused physiological agitation experienced as anxiety. immunosuppression (including a shorter interval between HIV infection and development of AIDS). A Fac p. 13. Vitamin deficiencies. PCP. weakening of heart muscles.169 Monty has an alcohol-induced anxiety disorder. and what explanation would each offer for his disorder? Secondary alcoholism model: the anxiety disorder caused the alcohol problem.13. and liver. pharynx. their less efficient metabolism of alcohol results in greater vulnerability to health impairment given equal intake levels of alcohol. esophagus. hypertension. whereas men tend to believe alcohol to be more important for enhancing sexual and social pleasure. resulting in a reciprocal influence on problem drinking. Some studies have found that sons of alcoholic fathers show smaller P300 amplitude than do sons of nonalcoholic fathers. low alcohol consumption by parents. along with regular alcohol use 13. called the P300 (wave). 13. their subsequent expectancies grew even stronger.171 Rafael's father is a chronic alcoholic. lack of parents' antisocial/sensation-seeking behaviors. What biological markers might you expect to discover in Rafael that suggest he is at heightened risk for the disorder? EEG findings: higher-than-normal beta wave activity. lack of the biological markers associated with problem drinking (e. abnormal EEG activity.e..g.173 Describe the "ideal" family characteristics that would predict offsprings' low vulnerability to problem drinking. that is hypothesized to indicate the individual's process of attention. abnormally low serotonin Heart rate change findings: larger increase in heart rate following ingestion. lower P300 wave amplitude levels Biochemical findings: less monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity. less change in overall EEG activity following alcohol ingestion.172 Groups of 7th and 8th graders are being asked to complete the AEQ. as students drank more. One sort of change occurs 300 milliseconds after the stimulus presentation. low alcohol expectancies on the part of the parents. emphasis on family rituals. very brief change in EEG voltage (the recording of the brain's electrical activity) in response to a specific sensory stimulus. Moreover. This has been taken to suggest that the former offspring are at greater risk for the disorder due to impaired awareness of the effects of alcohol. However. biochemical abnormalities). 13.13. studies attempting to replicate these findings have sometimes failed to find the predicted results. and these lower P300 amplitudes are not specific to alcohol disorders.. 337 . Firm but nurturant discipline by parents (but not excessive punishment) including adequate monitoring of child's whereabouts. What predictions could you make about these students' subsequent drinking behavior? The students who initially believed that drinking alcohol would reduce tension and increase positive emotions (i. adolescents' satisfaction with parent-child relationship or a sense of feeling close to their parents. had positive alcohol expectancies) were more likely to begin drinking and to drink more heavily than did students without these expectancies.170 What is the P300 change in an evoked potential? Why has it been identified as a possible biological marker for alcoholism? What limitations are there for this hypothesis? An evoked potential is a small. 13." By the 1960s.5 million Americans report weekly use. leading to increased likelihood of relapse. Marijuana. This Alcohol Skills Training Program would de-emphasize abstinence.13. poor health. and nonconfrontational discussions between Erin and other group members. whereas economic adversity and neighborhood disorganization are more closely tied to relapse for Black Americans. this took the form of a belief in "reefer madness.g. cirrhosis). hangover). in the 1950s. it was essentially an accepted middle-class recreational drug.g. and would she be eligible for this program? Erin would receive 6 sessions of cognitive-behavioral interventions. difficulty in choosing therapeutic focus (which drug or drugs to focus on in treatment).174 Erin is a 20-year-old college student who averages about three drinks per day but is experiencing only minor adverse social consequences at this time.S. It was legally available at the turn of this century and was used primarily by jazz and blues musicians as well as artists. aimed at relapse prevention. At least 5. Yes. 338 . What ethnic differences have been reported? Frequent prevalence of polydrug use (possibly more than half of persons with this disorder). Social concern became evident in the 1930s and it was soon outlawed.? How many Americans report using it weekly? Briefly describe its history of availability and use from the turn of this century through the 1960s. it instead would emphasize controlled drinking. and authoritative/expert communications. For European Americans. which is also associated with the following: comorbid mental disorders. she would be eligible. a lack of strong social support is related to relapse. given that she does not appear to have developed a dependence on alcohol. long-term negative consequences (e. in a group format. What would ASTP offer Erin..176 What is the most commonly used illicit drug in the U. 13. avoidance of immediate negative consequences (e.. Premature termination of therapy.175 List the factors that complicate treatment for individuals who have a stimulant abuse disorder. leading some states to relax criminal penalties and raise the proposal that it be again legalized. is extremely aggressive in sports and business. At this age. d. c. 33 9 . a 19-year-old male. homosexuality b. 488 a. A female who exhibits behaviors typical of a traditional male gender role M probably also exhibits cross-gender identification and orientation. sexual dysfunction Thomas is preoccupied with a desire to be a member of the other sex. paraphilia SEXUAL AND GENDER IDENTITY DISORDERS Which of the following is NOT a general category describing sexual or gender identity problems? a. transgendered Johnny is three years old. p. Definition of normal sexual behavior is based on traditional gender role expectations. b. d. cultural gender orientation.1 Ans. male c. transsexualism d. sexual orientation. C type of gender identity has Thomas developed? App a. orgasmic disorders. sexual desire disorders. p. 489 b. 488 b. 489 b. female p. p. gender preference. B his App a. 488 c. sexual sadism/masochism disorders. c. and gender identity are Con independent aspects of a person's sexuality. Which of the following statements about human sexuality is correct? Ans. D sexual dysfunctions EXCEPT Fac a. and he Ans. male sex role. male gender identity. male sex role polarization. normal male orientation. The DSM-IV includes each of the following categories under the heading of Ans. Gender identity and gender role largely determine an individual's later sexual orientation. cross-gender d. Johnny has probably already developed Ans.Chapter 14 14. Brent. At home he generally does all of the car App maintenance and yard care. An individual's gender role. A Fac p. A a. sexual pain disorders. sexual orientation. In Western cultures Brent would be displaying a p. D generally desires to win at all cost. gender identity. What Ans. 488 b. B work? App a. 60 E c.5 homosexual? M a.'s (1994) findings. A LEAST likely to report more than one sexual partner in the past year? App a. 2 or 3 * b. 491 b. and you are working for Alfred Kinsey. A randomly sampled group of 100 males. a black female with a high school diploma d. 491 b. (1994)? a. B dysfunctions and believes that masturbation is a healthy behavior for all women. compiling results of thousands of surveys on sexual behavior c. App If her 10 new female clients are typical. 489 E in your text? a. According to the latest large-scale sex App survey. which of the following persons is Ans. D Survey. App a. 491 that they have masturbated in the last year. a white female with a high school diploma c.Which of the following definitions of normal sexual behavior was NOT offered Ans. Helenos is a couples therapist who specializes in the treatment of sexual Ans. 491. According to the National Health and Social Life Ans. acts that guarantee the reproduction of the species It is 1942. 90 According to Michael et al. a Hispanic female with a four-year college degree 340 . behavior which is commonly practiced b. approximately how many of these males would consider themselves p. 78 d. there is a % chance that Janis has engaged in sexual intercourse. 489 b. 12 to 14 Dr. behavior defined through legislation d. developing treatments for sexual desire disorders A researcher interested in attitudes toward homosexuality is working with a Ans. 6 or 7 c. asking adult men and women about their sexual fantasies p. 9 or 10 d. 52 p. Cassandra. Michi. behavior defined by prevailing moral or religious codes c. 2 4 6 9 Janis is a 22-year-old female. Adelita. studying the relationship between gender identity and sexual dysfunction d. C Fac p. according to Michael et al. an Asian American female with a two-year college degree p. about how many will probably report p. Roberta. What is the focus of your Ans. what biological factor determines its sex? Ans.. Wolffian duct. 28 Dr. D be fantasizing about App a. 493 c. 17 d.18 Which of the following persons produce both androgens and estrogens? Ans. having sex with a famous model. 492 b. the mother's level of circulating androgens and estrogens E d. Her ovaries will increase their production of Ans. having sex with multiple partners. having conventional intercourse with a prior partner. the mother's egg p. all of the above Emalia is undergoing puberty. Wolffian ductM is the basis for internal female sex organs. B Which of his clients' organs is most important in the course of therapy? App a. App a. C percent of Americans had more than one sexual partner in the previous year. 493 d. d. Moses is a therapist specializing in the treatment of sexual dysfunctions. In a normal fetus. progesterone 341 . the father's sperm Con b. 8 p. Ayita. the brain c. genital tubercle. 1994) found that Ans. p. the viscera Randy is engaged in a sexual fantasy. Lisa. estradiol d.17 Whereas the is common to both XX and XY fetuses. 491 b. c. the genitals p. testosterone p. the Ans. 492 b.A national survey cited in your text (Michael et al. Ans. a. breasts. 493 c. all of the above 14. Mullerian duct Mullerian duct. glucocorticoids c. D a. labioscrotal swelling b. and nipples. Fac a. B Con p. A which will result in maturation of the clitoris. Wolffian duct 14. 12 c. an XX female App b. A a. 494 b. Chad. the heart d. an XXY female d. an XY male p. having sex in a public place while being observed by strangers. Research indicates that he will probably Ans. genital tubercle. Fetus A has two X chromosomes. A would be TRUE? App a. Ans. She has developed a clear masculine gender identity. p. Which of the statements below about her Ans. C statement about Samantha. Fems A would clearly have female genitalia. what possible answers would be provided? Con a. 4 categories: gay. 2 categories: homosexual. She has an XX chromosome complement with an excessively high level of circulating androgens. 494 b. p. She is probably very masculine and tomboyish. 494 a. B behavior which is normally seen in males. male genitalia. none of the above If a respondent were asked on a Kinsey-like survey to describe her or his sexual Ans. 494 c. If fetus A and B are both at 8 weeks Con of development. exposed them to high levels of androgens during fetal development prevented the production of androgens during fetal development gave them injections of extremely high levels of estrogens At birth Samantha had a disorder called congenital adrenal hyperplasia. c. 494 b. Which Ans. C Each fetus has begun to develop genitalia. C a. now 6 years old. d. Cara has androgen insensitivity. but there would be obvious differences between the two. bisexual p.Dr. Both A and B would share some genital characteristics. She will probably be homosexual or bisexual as an adult. Jekyll has experimentally produced female mice that exhibit "mounting. c. heterosexual d." a Ans. DSM-I : homosexuality * 342 . 494 b. B orientation. Their genitalia would appear the same. and Fetus B. lesbian. She exhibited internal but not external abnormalities in sexual anatomy. DSM-II :deviant sexual orientation M d. Fetus B has an X and a Y chromosome. 494 a. any of the above Which of the following DSM editions and diagnostic label are mismatched? Ans. She has masculine sex characteristics. She will be unable to conceive a child. What did Dr. DSM-III : ego-dystonic homosexuality p. DSM-III-R : (no label) Con b. removed their internal sex organs E b. c. She is normal aside from tomboyish tendencies. straight. M b. Jekyll probably do to App these mice? p. what would you expect to see in regard to their genitalia? p. is TRUE? App a. a 10 point scale from "exclusively heterosexual" to "exclusively homosexual" c. 64% 34 3 . B homosexuality was not to be classified as a mental disorder? Fac a. no differences in the psychological functioning of heterosexual and homosexual males. he reviews it carefully for significant changes in diagnostic App practices. a mental disorder. 494 a. 17% c. Ans. Rashid has been a therapist for more than 30 years. 494 homosexuality as a mental disorder? a. Which edition was he reviewing if he found no reference to p. The patient has been diagnosed with androgen insensitivity. a paraphilia. 1967 p. female. 495 expect Dr. C psychological tests to assess differences in the overall psychological adjustment App of heterosexuals and homosexuals. some differences between homosexuals and heterosexuals. b. 494 b. male. 1987 Dr. one would p. a higher prevalence of mental disorders among heterosexuals. a homosexual male. According to past research. Lancet's findings to indicate a. male but with behaviors characteristic of a female. 48% d. particularly in regard to personality disorders. 1973 c. 495 b. 8% p. sexual orientation disturbance. 1980 d. 494 a. A is published. At the request of a family member. female but with male secondary sex characteristics. Each time a new DSM Ans. Kyle would be diagnosed App as suffering from p. D acceptable form of sexual behavior? Fac a. D complement. a higher prevalence of mental disorders among homosexuals. Dr.As a physician you are working with a patient who has an XY chromosome Arts. According to the DSM-II. Lancet is conducting a study using a random sample and structured Ans. ego-dystonic homosexuality. Kyle. What percentage of non-Western cultures include homosexual activity as an Ans. b. A has gone to see a therapist. In what year did the American Psychiatric Association declare that Ans. The App patient's gender identity would probably be that of p. DSM-III-R DSM-III DSM-II none of the above The year is 1971. 495 c. 495 b. PFLAG Love in Action Exodus International 344 . The Burtons are trying to understand their gay son who came out a few months Ans. 2 % of them will report predominantly homosexual 10 25 Which of the following biological findings has been consistently replicated in Ans. c. D studies of homosexuality? Con a. fetal underandrogenization Con b. atypically small hippocampal interstitial nuclei d. atypically large suprachiasmatic nucleus p. Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three? Ans. 5 al.14. hypothalamic structural differences d. The therapy itself perpetuates the idea that homosexuality is a disorder. 496-7 c. d. DZ twin concordance differences p.32 Ans. a. There are several well-designed studies indicating that sexual orientation is not amenable to change. can be changed through intensive behavioral therapies. is caused primarily by biological factors. 3 If students at your local high school are similar to those included in Remafedi et Ans. B ago. 497 orientation. NARTH b. including Western and non-Western. MZ vs. 5 d. Daniels is an opponent of reorientation therapy for homosexuals. Reorientation therapy increases a client's shame and anxiety about homosexual feelings instead of decreasing psychological distress. No homosexual individuals are seriously interested in changing their p. 495-6 b. Fac b. 10 In % of societies. A each of the following arguments in defense of her position EXCEPT App a. M b. is not amenable to change through psychological intervention. 497 a. B App p. a specific gene on the long arm of the X chromosome c. birth order Dr. She cites Ans. homosexuality is absent. A Fac p. none of the above. 496 c. none of the above Available research indicates that homosexuality Ans. Which of the following organizations would probably be most helpful to App them as they try to accept his orientation? p. d. p. a. D a. 0 b. about attractions. C a.'s (1993) study. hermaphrodite. C a.43 Kit has both male and female sexual organs. 20 years old. D support of his approach to the treatment of homosexuality EXCEPT App a. who exhibits a traditional masculine gender role and has a cross-gender identification c. a history of sexual abuse in childhood * d. who exhibits a traditional masculine gender role and has a feminine gender identity d. neuroanatomical factors M c. with five Ans. Benito may have been beaten up by his older brothers so frequently that he overutilized the ego defense mechanism of "identifying with the enemy. His mother may have developed antibodies to testosterone. which of the Ans. 499 c. the need for therapists to honor the requests of their clients. the high rate of suicide by gay and lesbian adolescents. underdeveloped gender identity 14. Margaret and Sarah are 15-year-old females. who exhibits a traditional feminine gender role and has a p. the presence of profoundly distressing homosexuality in some individuals. Which of the following theoretical perspectives was presented in App the text as an explanation for Benito's orientation? p. In other words. B following factors is MOST likely to have had some influence on her orientation? App a. App b. the high rate of dysfunction in this group compared to that for heterosexuals. Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to be diagnosed with gender Ans. 498 a. Chantal is lesbian. 498 a. p. Antonio. d. Margaret neither No research has been conducted to evaluate this factor. He could cite each of the following facts in Ans. 499 cross-gender identification E b. leading to M Benito's underandrogenization. altering his anterior hypothalamus and anterior commissure. 9 years old. Olga. including professing a gay lifestyle. 8 years old. Benito suffered brain trauma in early childhood. heterosexual mother. Rubio is a member of NARTH. transsexual. dimorphidite. growing up with homosexual parents p. Sarah b. c. Sharon. Benito is a homosexual. d. He is the sixth oldest sibling in his family. C mothers. 22 years old. p. and Sarah was raised by a single. 497 b. Kit is a Ans. Martin. Studies have App shown that is statistically more likely to be become lesbian. who exhibits a traditional feminine gender role and is gay 34 5 ." A lack of familial attention led Benito to develop extreme strategies for achieving attention. A identity disorder? App a. Based on currently available research. bisexual. A older brothers. p. 498 b. Margaret was raised by lesbian Ans.Dr. d. 500 b. .5 d. is seeking to undergo treatment for Ans. . ostracism by his male peers in kindergarten.0 Dr. . Pat has expressed his desire to become a female and feels considerable discomfort with his male sex organs. Ans. hermaphrodite disorder gender identity disorder Martinique. She is part of % of European women seeking such App treatment. p. Pat MOST likely suffers from which of the following? a. The child significantly decreases his/her cross-gender behaviors. 500 a. Lana. c. cross-gender identification disorder * c. B adjustment? App a. 500 b. lower than average interest in rough-and-tumble play and typical boys' toys d.45 Ans.14. France. 499 a. Dannette. two thirds one half one quarter Aaron is a 5-year-old male diagnosed with gender identity disorder. D expect to observe each of the following characteristics in him EXCEPT App a. Farley is assessing a 14-year-old male named Pat. A transsexualism. Hardy is conducting research on a nationwide sample of transsexual adults. four fifths b. p. transgenderism b. * c. The child seeks sex reassignment surgery as an adult. The child develops transsexualism. 499 E Dr. an increase in feminine behaviors in adolescence if Aaron is homosexual. p. Which of the following outcomes is MOST likely for a child with gender Ans. Lorenzo. D App p. 501 b.01 c. either a or c 346 . You could Ans. living in Aries. physically pretty features as a baby. p. a female-to-male transsexual c.0001 M b. Which of the following persons will probably have the best postoperative Ans. The child develops a social phobia or other anxiety disorder by early M adolescence. 1. a homosexual male-to-female transsexual d. C Available evidence suggests that of her participants will have a history of App gender identity disorder in childhood. a heterosexual male-to-female transsexual p. A identity disorder as he/she gets older? Fac a. 14. C According to Green's research. B disruption of the phase of sexual response. she may stay in her current phase for up to App a. p. a 17-year-old male transsexual.51 Mrs. excitement p. Cody should not be forced to live within restricted social definitions of gender. D experience. As a clinician you are working with Cody. resolution d. If App you are like most clinicians. what would you expect to observe about their App parenting practices? p. and Ans. orgasmic c. Appleton's overpermissive style Before Heinz can undergo sex reassignment surgery. Appleton are the parents of a child with gender identity disorder. what treatment would you recommend? p. 30 minutes. 502 a. This disorder reflects a Ans. refractory 34 7 . psychosurgery to remove a portion of Cody's hypothalamus M b. A not experience the orgasmic phase. Appleton's submissiveness and Mrs. and Mr. App a. both parents' emotional aloofness and disinterest in their child both parents' indifference to their child's cross-gender characteristics Mr. climax Bernice is a woman who is experiencing resolution following sex. Darrell is being treated for premature ejaculation. 503 b. Which of the following is he experiencing? App a. orgasmic p. c. d. medical treatment involving the use of testosterone supplements and antidepressants behavioral therapy combined with parental training none. a heterosexual orientation. Dominic is undergoing a sexual response stage that his wife does not Ans. p. D to complete each of the following EXCEPT App a. resolution d. 503 b. Appleton's authoritarian style and Mrs. chronic gender dysphoria. d. successful living as a member of the other gender for at least one year. 90 minutes. 501 a. Ans. extensive psychological testing. Mr. If she did Ans. Cody and his parents have decided to alter his gender identity. 6 hours. it is likely that he will have Ans. C his parents. excitement c. 502 b. Appleton's dominance and control b. 2 hours. c. 503 b. B a. correlational d. 30 75 50 20 348 . Kaplan E c. c. desire * d. sexual dysfunction p. C sexual dysfunction.57 Ans. 504 a. 504 b. Kinsey The year is 1957. 504 enduring sexual dysfunction may affect as many as % of all intimate relationships. 504 b. experimental Con b. Freud d. 504 c. neurological and vascular abnormalities. 503 E Lucy is experiencing an increased heart rate.58 As a clinician in the late 19th century. Dr. Sunfish is a marriage counselor working with a couple suffering from a Ans. mood E c. anxiety d. To reassure them. unresolved conflicts from early childhood. survey-based Which of the following clinicians would encourage an adult female to focus on Ans. negative social conditioning or current relationship distress. observational p. physiological 14. A App p. B sex researchers at Washington University in St. resolution c. and erection of the nipples. D dysfunction as a sign of Con a. and you are a research assistant working with two prominent Ans. Sunfish responds by explaining that p. A prevalence? Con a. possession by evil spirits. Michael and Kaplan b. She is in which phase of the sexual response cycle? a. How would you characterize Masters and Johnson's research procedure? Ans. personality Dr. 504 b. What are the names of App your research directors? p. vasocongestion of the clitoris.14. Louis. d. p. excitement b. you most likely regarded a client's sexual Ans. Johnson p. Masters and Johnson Heiman and Smith Kinsey and Kinsey Which of the following categories of disorders has the highest lifetime Ans. The couple has expressed concern that they are unique in App their situation. C the pleasure to be had from a vaginal orgasm? Con a. hypoactive sexual desire disorder. FSAD. She is so Ans.Carlotta is talking with her therapist about her HSDD. what Mildred learned in her family. C NOT one of them. A satisfaction and pleasure from their sexual relations? App a. acquired type p. 505 attempted to hold her hand or put his arm around her. Mildred's religious beliefs. her sexual history. but is Ans.67 Michael et al. an 18-year-old single high school senior c. impairments in vascular functioning. Marsha most likely suffers from intimacy avoidance disorder. E b. situational type Marsha. B HSDD. her level of estrogen. Marty. 7 c. 5 d. sexual aversion disorder. Fac a. the therapist will probably be MOST concerned about App a. D explaining that many factors could influence her disorder. 505 b. is fearful of sexual encounters. Aaron. 505 b. 9 p. cultural beliefs about sex. Mia. whether Mildred is in good physical health. 504-5 a. p. 349 . B disgusted with the thought of any kind of sexual behavior that she refuses to App date. a 22-year-old. Alice. a 26-year-old who has been married for two years p. c. 4 14. When Mildred's therapist is assessing the factors that may be contributing to her Ans. A married persons say that they receive great physical pleasure from sex. The few times she has dated she has become panicky if her partner p. Mildred's cultural identity. 505 b. EXCEPT p. 505 b. generalized type c. including each of the App following. aversive type d. Fac a. d. a recently divorced 35-year-old 14. d. * c. Which of the following persons is MOST likely to report the highest degree of Ans.'s (1994) recent survey revealed that roughly of every 10 Ans. Her therapist is Ans. single college junior d.68 The DSM-IV includes several specifiers for sexual dysfunctions. a 23-year-old college student. frontal lobe hypothalamus pituitary gland A counseling graduate student is seeing a sexually dysfunctional female client. and thus treatment will focus on treating the client's emotional claustrophobia by helping her develop a greater sense of personal independence. The student is being supervised by Dr. The partner is also distressed with her lack of sexual interest. the counselor probably diagnoses her with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. She has been Ans. reticular activating system b. teaching the client and her partner the techniques of sensate focus. and is distressed about these changes. 350 . sexual aversion disorder. 506 DSM-IV diagnosis is appropriate? M a.Miranda has become disinterested in sex. Helen Kaplan. Mike is taking testosterone supplements as part of his hormone replacement Ans. which is aimed at alleviating his flattened sexual desire. engages in much less frequent Ans. and several physical exams have failed to uncover any medical problems which may contribute to her disinterest. After concluding that the woman does not have another mental disorder. ignoring her husband's advances and App finding herself bored by sexual fantasies that had been very exciting. generalized type HSDD. impaired arousal disorder * b." What dysfunction is most likely? a. hypoactive sexual desire disorder female orgasmic disorder none of the above A marriage and family counselor is working with a couple who are experiencing sexual problems. D uninterested in sex for several weeks. acute onset HSDD. B fantasizing than she has in the past. The App testosterone supplements are affecting receptors in which part of Mike's brain? p. 506 E of sexual interest to the point of suggesting divorce. 505-6 "great. acquired type sexual arousal disorder. reducing the classically conditioned anxiety the client experiences during sex by helping her learn relaxation strategies. 506 a. sexual inducement disorder. Which p. C therapy. She App tells her therapist that her sexual relationship with her husband used to be p. The husband has expressed dissatisfaction with his wife's lack Ans. delayed onset Kesi is in a depressed episode of her bipolar disorder. hypoactive sexual activity. satisfying sexual scripts. sexual aversion disorder. employing cognitive-behavioral techniques to work out more adaptive. A App p. " and she often feels guilty for fantasizing about sex. roughly 50% lifetime prevalence * Adam is a healthy 32-year-old male. FSAD. Sather is helping Tori overcome her HSDD. For which dysfunction is Marvella MOST likely to be at risk? p. Tori's unexpressed anger toward her partner. 507 describe Katrina's condition as a. endocrine c. HSDD b. FSAD Married for a few years. Katrina is experiencing significant difficulties achieving her normal level of Ans. none of the above. all of the above . sexual aversion c. male erectile disorder p. A a. The DSM-IV would p. b. Her physician assures her mat this is a App temporary side effect of her new heart medication. sexual dysfunction not otherwise specified. 507 E * a. neurological d. lifelong type Con b.Ms. 508 c. Tori's usual script negotiation with her partner. a history of major depression. vascular p. orgasmic disorder d. HSDD. excitement phase-related disorder E d. Ms. 508 b. hypoactive sexual desire disorder orgasmic disorder sexual arousal disorder dyspareunia Which of the following descriptions does not belong with the other three? Ans. a history of sexual abuse. 508 a. B explored several possible contributing factors to her disorder. Which female sexual dysfunction is LEAST likely to motivate a woman to seek treatment? Ans. D Fac p. D Adam's ability to achieve a normal erection? App a. Sather and Tori have Ans. Marvella still finds herself wondering if her sexual Ans. D lubrication during sexual excitement. and these probably App included each of the following EXCEPT p. She App sometimes resents her husband's obvious physical and emotional pleasure during sex. Which bodily system is responsible for Ans. 507 a. C desires are "normal. 35 1 . These substances will impair his erectile functioning only if he develops performance anxiety. B male erectile disorder. M b. A App p. arteriosclerosis p. Who will have the weakest erection? Rick Luis Trevor either b or c 352 . and Trevor are participating in a study of sexual performance Ans. Which of the following psychological factors is MOST likely to be contributing to his disorder? a. all suffering from Ans. 508 b. Which Ans. How will these substances affect his erectile functioning? App a. Rick was told he would not be shocked again. 509 M * erection long enough for himself and his partner to have intercourse. Unless he has underlying cardiovascular disease. and Trevor was told he would be shocked //he did not have an adequate erection. but smoking will slightly decrease that ability. According to the text. Both substances will make it more likely that he will have difficulty achieving and maintaining an erection. Luis was p. Conrad has been unable to maintain an Ans. approximately how many of these App men have erectile disorder caused primarily by psychological problems? p. All received a painful shock at the start of the experiment and then App watched an erotic film.Leif has an erectile disorder that is related to a medical condition. diabetes mellitus c. A anxiety. Rosenheim currently has a case load of 10 male patients. 508 substantially affect his ability to achieve and maintain an erection. B condition is the most likely cause of his disorder? App a. these substances will not p. 509 a. The drinking will heighten his sexual desire and increase his ability to achieve an erection. 6 7-8 9 Occasionally across the past few weeks. cognitive distractions b. Dr. performance anxiety unexpressed hostility toward his partner a history of sexual abuse in childhood Rick. spinal cord damage d. 509 told he might be shocked. Luis. C of cigarettes. a side effect of his antihypertensive medication Emmett has had several drinks of straight vodka and has smoked about a pack Ans. 1-2 b. though she feels erotic pleasure during App sexual activity. C following complaints is MOST likely to be expressed by your female clients? App a. B how many reported that they always experience difficulty achieving orgasm? Fac a. As a therapist specializing in the treatment of sexual dysfunction. the longer you're married." "The best thing to do is be patient. "Avoid all use of alcohol and drags prior to having sex.'s study of predominantly middle-class Caucasian women. Luv recommended "Kegel" strengthening exercises for his female orgasmic Ans. 510 b." none of the above 353 ." E b. 9% c. "You should spend several minutes each day strengthening your p. vaginal disorder client. 510 b. 510 a. 7.5% d.Alexa is a happily married 26-year-old woman. about Ans. 3% If female orgasmic disorder were restricted only to those women who have Ans. the less likely you will be to have this problem. anorgasmia. b. which of the Ans. A App p. telling her that these will strengthen the muscle that enhances orgasm. D following suggestions from the counselor would be MOST helpful for Mandi? App a. She may suffer from p. Which of the Ans. an androgen deficiency. 1% M b. C history of not experiencing orgasm. a. p. 510 b. 15% p. FSAD p. These Kegel exercises will target the muscle. Heiman's research suggests that % of women would Con be diagnosable. Alexa has had a life-long Ans. 510 a. 6% d. performance anxiety disorder. 4% * c. HSDD c. D never had an orgasm. pubococcygeus labia majora yohimbine A counselor is talking with Mandi about her orgasmic disorder. orgasmic disorder dyspareunia In Rosen et al. female orgasmic disorder. 10% Dr. 510 pubococcygeus muscle to enhance your orgasmic potential. orgasmic disorder c. B has FSAD A has male orgasmic disorder. C be most important in understanding the origin of her disorder. male orgasmic disorder p. B has male orgasmic disorder A has female orgasmic disorder. Client A Ans. Two separate clients are seeking help for a type of sexual dysfunction. retrograde ejaculation E c. male erectile disorder HSDD Dale suffers from diabetes. Con a. c. 50 p. A has HSDD. 510 b. What disorders are most likely? a. vaginismus 14.11 found in the general population. 64 d. sexual aversion. Research evidence suggests Ans. 25 c. HSDD p. d. Dale suffers from App a. excessive alcohol use Which of the following male sexual dysfunctions is MOST likely to be caused Ans. sociocultural attitudes about female sexuality d. p. Current research suggests that may Ans. 510-11 b. male ejaculatory disorder. During sexual activity Dale reaches orgasm but fails Ans. B has HSDD A has premature ejaculation. psychological distraction and anxiety c. A has a disorder that is seen more frequently in clinics than is found in the general Con population. a history of sexual abuse or current relationship distress p. 511 b. sexual arousal disorder d. 511 b. D to ejaculate externally. B by medical problems? Con a. retrograde ejaculation. 506. D problems with premature ejaculation. 33 354 . B that she is relatively unlikely to experience which sexual dysfunction? App a. premature ejaculation.93 Pilar has an orgasmic disorder. Fac a.Carolyn was a victim of sexual abuse as a child. Client B has a disorder that is seen less frequently in clinics than is p. 511 b. B has female orgasmic disorder Research indicates that up to1% of men of all ages have had some Ans. 14. Despite regular sexual Ans. M a.102 It is 1952. 512 M Which of the following women is MOST likely to experience vaginismus? a. D theoretical basis emphasized by Masters and Johnson. living in Ireland d. behavioral couples therapy c.103 Suppose you were a sex therapist who approached the treatment of clients on the Ans.101 Ans. individual cognitive or client-centered therapy medication 14. Monique. What treatment is she Ans. Patty. C App p. living in Canada 14. male orgasmic disorder. His parents Ans.98 Crosby. 512 a. A probably receiving? App a. vaginismus. comes from a strictly religious family. individual psychodynamic therapy p. they have not been able to experience penile penetration. living in France c. provision of education about sexual functioning b. As a result Crosby App tends to masturbate to orgasm quickly to avoid being caught in the act. male orgasmic disorder * b. 511 may be a likely candidate for . attention to performance anxiety and partner communication resolution of conflicts associated with early family-based learning both a and b 355 . sexual aversion.S. Their App therapist believes that Becky may suffer from p. 512 b. somatoform pain disorder. b. B he sometimes experiences during orgasm and ejaculation. Earline. Crosby p. b. hypoactive sexual desire. 512 a. Rosalind. dyspareunia.100 Becky and Brent have been married for six months. What therapeutic focus App would you have? p. 512 a. and Marlene is being treated for frigidity. penilismus. C have warned him of the evils associated with masturbation. 14. sexual aversion c. premature ejaculation d. D activity. living in the U. His therapist would App describe this condition as p. b.14. a 15-year-old male. male erectile disorder Liam is seeking sex therapy to help him overcome the very uncomfortable pain Ans. dyspareunia. B App p.14. cognitive restructuring of irrational beliefs and fears exploration of family history and current attitudes training in conflict resolution with her sexual partner 14. Others believe certain plant extracts are the key App to increased sexuality. sensate focus b. sexual role expectations. with erectile disorder c. education about sexuality and effective communication 14. and touch.106 For which of the following clients would you have the most guarded prognosis Ans. with FSAD p. 14. 513 these traditional aphrodisiacs are generally a. 513 a. encouragement and training in fantasizing b. innuendo cues. A App p. massage.104 A couple seeing a marriage counselor is told to avoid intercourse and genital Ans. supported by psychophysiological research. and instead to focus on kissing. 513 a.105 Ans. completely unfounded. Which of the following App will NOT be included in Vera's therapy? p. Science has shown that the desire-enhancing effects of p. interaction with two cotherapists c.107 Vera is participating in treatment for HSDD. sensate focus techniques d. D 4 phase approach outlined by LoPiccolo and Friedman. with female orgasmic disorder 14. 512 a. 356 . sensual focus. placebo effects. Tricia.109 Some Japanese individuals believe that birds' nests found in the caves of Ans. Ernesto.108 Candide believes that his partner should tell him directly that she is interested in having sex. 512-3 M * The O'Flahertys are participating in a form of sex therapy that represents a streamlined version of Masters and Johnson's original approach. "ludicrous suggestion from the counselor" technique arousal inhibitory technique opponent-process 14. 513 b. and her therapist is employing the Ans. harmful to one's sexual relationships. B Thailand act as an aphrodisiac. The couple is App being instructed in which of the following therapeutic techniques? p. Which of the following will the couple NOT experience? a. sexual scripts. C for treatment? App a. Lara. A stimulation. a once-a-week therapy session b. with HSDD Martina. This couple is experiencing a mismatch in their Ans. His partner believes that if she cooks a special meal and dresses provocatively that Candide should know that he can approach her for sex. 14.111 Ans. direct training in masturbation p. d. d. such as serotonin. and information to dispel myths about App sexual functioning. Regardless of specific drags. topical nitroglycerin ointment p. mandrake root. suffering from an erectile disorder. Henry dislikes the fact that he cannot conceal the agent while having sex. It is prohibitively expensive.110 Ans. SSRI's d. c. 14. d. Recent research has identified several neurotransmitters. b. injectable vasoactive agents 14. oyster. A interpersonal treatment for erectile disorder? Fac a. D Con p.113 Which of the following is NOT one of the core components of cognitiveAns. 514 M For what reason might Henry. stop using his short-acting vasoactive agent? a. B focus. 514 a. It is painful and inconvenient. C treatment of male erectile disorder? Fac a. b. Gonadal hormone therapy appears to be most effective for persons with average or below-average testosterone/estrogen levels. 514 b. With a typical improvement rate of 50%. relapse prevention d. 514 b. anxiety reduction techniques. premature ejaculation.14. b. sexual aversion. male orgasmic disorder. sexual script work c. Some antidepressant drugs and yohimbine appear to be able to enhance sexual desire. 513 M Which of the following statements about biological treatment for sexual desire disorders is CORRECT? a. 14. short-acting. c. D App p. wine. yohimbine c. bee pollen. medication effects appear to be restricted only to alleviation of underlying depressive symptoms. conflict resolution 14. C Fac p. c. that are affected by most traditional aphrodisiacs. 513 E The aphrodisiac that gave rise to the term "honeymoon" was a kind of a. Henry is unfortunate to be in the half of men for whom the agent is unsuccessful. Anthony most likely suffers from p.114 Which of the following has NOT been used with some success in the medical Ans. male erectile disorder. b. 357 .115 Ans.112 Anthony is receiving treatment for a sexual dysfunction that involves sensate Ans. 24 b. c. premature ejaculation female orgasmic disorder male HSDD FSAD 14.118 Medical treatment for sexual disorders has been shown to be effective for each Ans. and inform her sexual partner about effective sexual techniques. 516 M 14. female orgasmic disorder. b. 515 a. C Con p. orgasmic reorientation. would identify a. 516 c. Francine may have a(n) a. B sessions and that the client can make a great deal of progress related to her/his App sexual dysfunction by reading several books that the therapist recommends. harmful to self or others b. HSDD Megan is receiving treatment for a sexual dysfunction in which she is encouraged to masturbate. you Ans.119 Asked to recommend the most effective treatment for premature ejaculation.14. A of the following EXCEPT Fac a. paraphilias. p. 514-5. 515 What disorder does mis client MOST likely have? a. HSDD. Which of the following descriptors applies to all paraphilias? a.116 Ans. cognitive-behavioral therapy and the stop-and-start technique. premature ejaculation. d. C App p. p. SSRI medication. 515 E 14.120 Ans.117 A therapist has told her new client that they will only need to meet for a few Ans. 14. atypical or socially inappropriate sexual stimuli d. d. engage in sexual fantasy. involvement of an unwilling victim c. B App p. pedophilia. sexual dysfunction. b. E c. paraphilia. 35 8 .121 Ans. the squeeze technique. d. the stop-and-start technique. Megan is most likely receiving treatment for which of the following? FSAD female orgasmic disorder sexual aversion 14. both a and c Francine can only achieve sexual arousal and orgasm if her partner wears a black leather jacket during sexual activity. D Fac p. 517 would be described as a a. 517 b. D obtain from this behavior? App a. 516 a. sexual arousal c. What psychological reinforcement does he Ans. female. voyeurism. fetishist. homosexual / transvestic fetishism 14. male.122 Client "S" has been diagnosed as having a paraphilia. relaxation either b or c 14. Recently arrested and convicted. sexual fixation. C shoes and insists that she wear them when they engage in sexual activity.126 A lawyer is talking with his recently arrested client about the client's sex-related Ans. exhibitionism. heterosexual / transsexualism d. What is the client's most likely paraphilia? App a. b. 35 9 . an adolescent. psychotic. fetishism d. fetishism. transvestic fetishism c. 516 a.127 Will is known as the "trench-coat bandit" in his home town. Paulo App could be described as exhibiting which of the following? p. B sexual arousal. voyeur. c. 14. heterosexual / transvestic fetishism * c. Will p.125 Arthur engages in cross-dressing. exhibitionism p. frotteurer. exhibitionist. He acquired this Ans. d. 14. A charge. Karl is probably and is exhibiting . p. Client S is most likely to Ans.14. He shows a particular preference for this activity during stressful App times at the office. homosexual / transgenderism M b. disinhibition of homosexual impulses p. 516 b. p. frotteurism 14.124 Karl often dresses in women's clothing in the privacy of his home to achieve Ans. C nickname by wearing only a trench coat and exposing his genitals to several App elderly women in his neighborhood. D be App a.123 Paulo cannot achieve an erection unless his sexual partner wears high-heeled Ans. 516 b. 14. d. 517 a. sexual sadism b. 360 .130 Slater prefers his sexual partners to be bound with chains so that he may inflict Ans. He may have been a victim of sexual aggression in childhood. frotteurism. Walt's behavior is called active voyeurism. b.132 Ans. c. D pain on them against their will. he can press his body into an attractive woman's body and enjoy a sexual thrill. B App p. d. He will continue to expose himself in similar settings and to similar kinds of people. c.133 Ans. C Fac p. 518 M Joe is a convicted rapist. b. He is primarily motivated by sexual impulses in the commission of his crime. He will probably not seek treatment voluntarily. 517 a. none of the above. pedophile. a fetishist. b. 14. 517 a. frotteurism 14. fetishism.128 Ans. Which of the following characteristics is LEAST likely to apply to him? a. d. He is likely to know his victim and to blame her for the rape. D sex. 14.14. Slater finds a great deal of sexual satisfaction App from these activities. deviant gratification. B App p. sexual masochist. frotteurer. 518 E Which of the following is not a type of paraphilia? a. he could be App described as p.129 Ans. He may have experienced depression or substance abuse that contributed to his crime. 517 M * 14. Slater is a likely candidate for the diagnosis of p. voyeurism c. a sexual sadist. rape d. sexual sadist. E b. a sexual masochist. He will attempt to physically or sexually assault a future victim. If Sergei's sexual pleasure is enhanced by these activities. what prediction would you NOT make about his future behavior? a.131 Sergei wants his sexual partner to tie him to the bed or blindfold him during Ans. C App p. He is more likely to be arrested than is someone with a different paraphilia. c. Walt enjoys the hustle and bustle of crowded downtown subway stations and the packed elevators he rides each day to his office. If Irving is an exhibitionist. In these situations. with FSAD b. exhibitionism and voyeurism c. Carlos. rapist b. "The only way I could keep Tina in line is to threaten her with a show of force. and I'm helping her leam how to relate effectively to adults. Michael.138 Ans. 519 b. A App p.139 Which of the following paraphilias are most likely to be comorbid? a. "I couldn't resist temptation. either a or b Harry has been a scout master for years. "Her mother should have known better than to leave Tina alone with me. with gender identity disorder c.14. C Con p. Ching is conducting interviews under the auspices of the Federal Certificate of Confidentiality program. 518 a. psychopath d. On average. B App p. 518 M * 14. a. frotteurism and sexual masochism d. even when he doesn't have time to have an orgasm. Harry confessed to his courtappointed therapist that he has always been sexually attracted to young boys and that temptation had finally got the upper hand. In an interview with his therapist. C App p. a 7-year-old child? a. 520 E 14. Mame. 350 Perry shows a high degree of sexual arousal when exposed to audio or video stimuli depicting rape scenarios." Ms.136 Ans.134 Ans. with a paraphilia d." d. It's not my fault I have a mental illness. fetishism and transvestic fetishism Which of the following persons is probably LEAST distressed by her/his Ans.137 Ans. Which of the following descriptions is probably MOST likely to describe Perry? a. 521 E disorder? a. B Fac p. pedophilia and sexual sadism b. Perry has admitted that he believes women enjoy being raped and that he enjoys being very aggressive with his partners. Recently he was arrested for sexually molesting one of the young boys in his troop.135 Ans. 519 M 14. 500 125 33 14. with sexual aversion 36 1 . her sex offender interviewees will report about paraphilic acts." b. and things just developed from there. sexual sadist c. "Tina really enjoys my attention. pedophilia 14. A App p." c. Veronica. What disorder is present? juvenile fetishism sexual predatory disorder frotteurism Which of the following explanations is a pedophile MOST likely to give for his actions against Tina. even though I knew what I was doing was morally wrong. D imagine his fetish-inducing object. have a reduced risk of developing a paraphilia since the genes for this disorder generally skips a generation. d. be at no greater risk than children with non-paraphiliac parents for developing a paraphilia. Matisse provides multimodal treatment for his clients who have been courtordered for treatment of a sex offense.14. object relations.144 Ans. Dr. the clinician Con will focus on p.140 According to Dr. 523 his face. Dr. of maggots crawling over him.142 Ans. classical conditioning and social modeling . C App p. 522 a. D likely to be effectively treated? Fac a. visiting his father only about once a month. masturbatory reconditioning c. 523 b. C the following aversive stimuli EXCEPT Fac a. 523 M * Dr. relapse prevention 14. Judith Becker. and other disgusting stimuli. Which of the following will NOT be a central component of this therapy? a.141 Ans. Hubble is using what therapeutic technique to treat Calvin? systematic desensitization shame aversion therapy multimodal aversion treatment covert sensitization 362 . shame. frotteurism p. Hubble asks Calvin to Ans. genetic and biological abnormalities. According to available genetic research. c. and Stan grew up with his mother. If 14. Stanton's parents divorced when he was young. use of aversive electric shock b. visual imagery. Hubble is treating Calvin for his fetishism. be at a much increased risk for the development of a pedophilia. p. 521 M Stanton's father had a paraphilia. and just as Calvin becomes aroused by these App images.143 Covert sensitization for a paraphilia has been developed on the basis of each of Ans. only be at risk for a paraphilia if his mother also had some form of heritable mental illness. A clinician is presenting a theory of the origin of frotteurism and voyeurism. discussion of sexual myths and victim suffering d. Hubble begins suggesting images of Calvin developing lesions on p.145 Dr. which of the following paraphilias is most Ans. b. Stanton will probably a. olfactory. incestuous pedophilia 14. B this theory draws on the most widely accepted model in this area. A App p. such as bipolar disorder. fetishism c. Dr. sexual stressors encountered during childhood. non-incestuous pedophilia d. 14. incarceration. 521 b. 14. he will p. 524 a. 14. the American Psychiatric Association officially changed its stance. B repeat his offense if he App a. Adults . research suggests that he is more likely to Ans. In 1973. premature ejaculation. be committed to a mental hospital for a time period not to exceed his original sentence. has been married.impotence. SHORT ANSWER/ESSAY 14. be released into a probation program in his home town." However. When Knoton's prison term ends. Excitement . What forms of sexual dysfunction were described prior to the identification of the 4-stage cycle? Desire .hypoactive sexual desire. premature ejaculation.150 List the 4-stage sexual response cycle and indicate the sexual dysfunctions associated with each.146 Knoton has been convicted under his state's sexual predator law. in the 1987 DSM-III-R. The judge and Ans. p. 14.female & male orgasmic disorder. c. b. A prosecuting attorney believe him to be an extremely likely candidate for App recidivism. sexual aversion. now called "ego-dystonic homosexuality. male erectile disorder. Resolution . as is also the case with the current fourth edition. victimized boys more often than girls. d. d. 525 b.(none). c." DSM-III had a similar category.transsexuals. Orgasmic . all reference to homosexuality was omitted.female sexual arousal disorder. 363 . victimized his own daughter. and frigidity.149 What two conditions must be present for a diagnosis of gender identity disorder to be made? What term is often given to adults with this disorder? Persistent cross-gender identification and a profound discomfort or even disgust with biological sex and genitalia. The first two editions of the DSM considered homosexuality to be a mental disorder.14. and the mental disorder was revised to be used only with individuals who were distressed by their orientation and wanted change. has a relatively small number of previous sex offenses.147 If Omar is a convicted sex offender. Previous dysfunctions . be committed to a mental hospital until the legal authorities judge him as no C longer a threat. 14. This label was "sexual orientation disturbance.148 Trace the changing diagnostic practices in the DSM in regard to homosexuality. be released on the condition he seeks outpatient therapy. 364 . what areas of your client's present and past experience would you want to assess before choosing a treatment plan? Neurological/vascular medical conditions. her attitudes and beliefs about sex including cultural. 14. most rapists are motivated by aggression and hostility rather than a desire for sexual excitement and gratification. transvestic fetishism. her sexual history mcluding possible sexual abuse as a child or as an adult.153 List the paraphilias. frotteurism. and her feelings about and attitudes toward her current romantic relationship. exhibitionism. sexual masochism.151 If you were a counselor treating a female client for a sexual dysfunction. and (most importantly) family influences. 14. religious. her possible history of depression. voyeurism.152 For what reason is rape not classified as a paraphilia? While some sexual sadists commit acts of rape.14. and pedophilia. Fetishism. sexual sadism. He was burned at the stake for heresy during the Spanish Inquisition before his research could be completed. What prevented Gottlieb Burckhardt from perfecting the psychosurgical Ans. D Con severe mood disorders p. b. he continued developing it for years and set a precedent for the work of Moniz. Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three? prefrontal leucotomy Ans. The applications of his procedure were limited. His colleagues stopped him after one patient died and another developed epilepsy.Chapter 15 BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF MENTAL DISORDERS Danette is depressed and has psychotic symptoms. Based on your text's description of prehistoric treatments for mental App disorders. 530 became the most commonly prescribed treatment for mental disorders. 530 a. psychosurgery Katunga has been behaving violently. If it is the year 1947. A treatment would she have been LEAST likely to receive? App a. and it was halted due to a lack p. d. non-medicinal treatments such as convulsive therapy p. electroconvulsive therapy d. trephining treatment with an herbal remedy acupuncture-like treatment Which statement below is TRUE? Ans. B possessed. E c. D a. 531 Nobel Prize for medicine M Freeman 365 . metrazol therapy c. pharmacotherapy p. what are the elders likely to prescribe for Katunga? p. execution by burning at the stake b. 531 of subjects. 530 b. Biologically based treatments for mental disorders have been used for centuries. what Ans. Galen introduced an early form of the transorbital lobotomy procedure. and his village elders have decided he is Ans. Nothing. In the early 1960s. Con b. It has been proven that past cultures had no effective treatments for mental disorders. C procedure he developed? Fac a. c. 5 "failure" cases (i. Moniz 15. a patient with severe alcoholism. 0. Small holes have been drilled in his skull just over the Ans. died). 531 a. none of the above. psychosurgical procedure developed by Gottlieb Burckhardt. 1. Freeman E d. 531 c. 5 Dr. % of their first group of 20 patients were Ans. A a. pick-like instrument used to destroy brain tissue.e. 531 b. an obese patient. In the years that followed. For what reason might he have become interested in Freeman and App Watts' transorbital lobotomy procedure? p. 531. D considered the use of lobotomies for each of the following patients EXCEPT App a. 531 a. 366 .9 According to Moniz and Lima. a prefrontal leucotomy a frontal lesioning a subcaudate tractotomy Which of the following names does not belong with the other three? Ans. a transorbital lobotomy b. psychosurgical procedure developed by Almeida Lima. B frontal lobes. E d. 1 1. What is the App name for this procedure? p. book that describes precisely where known brain structures are located.. Sakel Con b. the ability to quickly conduct this procedure in his office the superiority of this procedure over SST surgery the influence of drug manufacturers and insurance companies Psychiatrists at a state mental hospital in the 1940s and '50s may have Ans. Fac b. A a. B late 1940s. B Fac p. Burckhardt p. cerebral hemorrhage from lobotomies.A leucotome is a Ans. a mentally retarded patient. p. 3 % of patients died of 0. a. Luke was a psychiatrist who treated several severely psychotic patients in the Ans. 531 b. Max is undergoing surgery. p. and the doctor is injecting alcohol through the holes. the accuracy and effectiveness of the procedure b.3 c. a male with intractable. 532 the name for this procedure? a. severe bipolar disorder p. c. C true about Martha? App a. Which of the following surgical procedures and brain areas are mismatched? Ans. Rosetta. D probably NOT present in Linden now? App a. 532-3 c. The procedure lesioned a small portion of tissue in her limbic system. Alexandria suffers from bouts of depression which usually last for a few months and then subside. Which characteristic below is Ans. Which person is the MOST likely candidate for psychosurgery? Nancy Eddie Chinato Alexandria 367 . D a. There is a roughly one in ten chance that Martha will develop postsurgical M seizures. She shows extreme flatness of emotion and is usually Ans. poor judgment c.12 Linden has undergone a transorbital lobotomy. p. Chinato has obsessivep. 531-2 c. transorbital lobotomy : frontal lobes d. The surgeon has bilaterally inserted electrodes into Ans. lack of motivation p. In a few minutes. Martha probably suffers from schizophrenia. radio frequency waves will App heat the tips of the electrodes and destroy some of the circuit's fibers. A portions of Jake's Papez circuit. SST : temporal lobes p. 532-3 compulsive disorder. such as excessive handwashing to a degree that causes his hands to bleed. cingulatomy : Papez circuit Con b. 532 b. He exhibits self-mutilating patterns.15. epileptic seizures d. d. Which statement below is probably NOT Ans. standard lobotomy : frontal lobes For which of the following patients would you NOT recommend psychosurgery? Ans. 531 b. Nanette. There is a roughly one in eight chance that Martha will commit suicide. Eddie is also a schizophrenic and has paranoid delusions and often App hears voices telling him he is an emissary of the devil. C catatonic. a female with severe depression that is unresponsive to medication App b. B a. Kim. Benton. a female with obsessive-compulsive disorder d. What is p. though they often recur. a male with schizophrenia Nancy is a schizophrenic. blindness Jake is undergoing surgery. a cingulatomy a stereotaxic subcaudate tractotomy a prefrontal leucotomy a lobotomy Martha has undergone a cingulatomy. S. p. 533 E If you were to write a comprehensive report on the history of convulsive therapies. What theory did von Meduna propose to explain the results of convulsive Ans. A Con p. B a. but there is no real improvement. d. about ninety years three decades If you were afflicted with schizophrenia and were under the care of Dr. what span of time would your report need to cover? a. p. several centuries b. what treatment would you probably App p. The flood of neurotransmitters released during a seizure alters the stores of M neurotransmitters within the patient's neurons. d. 368 . B Ladislas von Meduna. epilepsy and schizophrenia were neurologically incompatible disorders and thus seizures could treat schizophrenic patients. 534 b. electric current applied bilaterally to the head could safely and effectively treat p.Which statement below is FALSE in regard to psychosurgery today? Ans.4 M * have been prescribed? a. Seizures and psychosis appear to be neurologically incompatible and thus induced seizures must correct psychotic brain activity. D therapy? Fac a. The absence of data comparisons of psychosurgery to placebo group outcomes makes the results of psychosurgery hard to determine.19 Ans. about one hundred-fifty years c. insulin-induced coma therapy c. 534 schizophrenia. physicians had gathered together in the 1940s to honor Ans. The patient suppresses any reports of psychotic behavior in order to avoid the aversive punishment of convulsive therapy. bilateral electroconvulsive therapy metrazol therapy If European and U.6 b. resulting in reduced psychotic behavior. Manfred Ans. Differing diagnostic practices and varying criteria for success make it difficult to compare the results of studies on psychosurgery. 15. M ECT is now the standard non-drug intervention for this chronic disorder. Seizures rebalance inconsistencies within the libidinal patterns of the patient. c. transorbital lobotomies could be efficiently conducted on patients with varying kinds of chronic mental disorders. the ceremony would have celebrated his proposal that App a. c. c. Because more precise modem methods are still ineffective for schizophrenia. Psychosurgery is used primarily as a last resort in severe cases. prefrontal leucotomy b. drugs initially intended to treat tuberculosis could successfully reduce the core symptoms of mood disorders. 533. d. 533. M b. A Sakel during the earlier part of this century. and dramatic Con improvements for patients are unlikely. * d. 15. 4 to 6 more sessions. A Jeremiah will NOT be given App a. physical contortions as the convulsion occurs in her brain p. increased levels of electricity as treatments are repeated. insulin d. D a. reserpine It is 1948. B following adverse side effects is Ruben MOST likely to experience? App a. the shocking of hogs prior to slaughter d. A depressed female. Compared to procedures used in the past. 5 to 6 times a week for the next 2 weeks If Ruben has completed a series of modem ECT treatments. 2 more sessions. 535 b. 534 b. insulin-induced coma therapy p. elevated blood pressure. How often will she Ans. electricity p. recording of brain wave activity via EEG d. 534 electrical wire c. supplementary oxygen. 535 b. 11 to 12 more sessions. muscle relaxants. If she were Ans. 10 more sessions. electroconvulsive therapy c. over next 4 months. which of the Ans. 535 b. an electrical impulse through his dominant hemisphere. C a. metrazol therapy d. 534-5 b. behavioral changes in a mountain shepherd who was stuck by lightning Jeremiah is a modern ECT patient. Ans. headaches and five-month long episodic memory impairment c. metabolic changes. M c. 2 to 3 times a week for the next 3 to 4 weeks d. a cingulatomy What observation(s) led to the development of electroconvulsive therapy? Ans. B treated by Cerletti and Bini. broken bones. p. and a woman named Betina is suffering from schizophrenia. what type of therapy would Betina undergo? App a. procedural memory loss p. C probably undergo ECT after this first session? App a. Which of the following will you NOT observe? App a. metrazol Con b. use of a lower level of current than is used for male patients c. an accident in Cerletti's laboratory in which a psychotic patient grabbed a live p.Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three? Ans.27 You are a psychology intern observing an ECT session for a psychotically Ans. twice a week for the next 3 to 4 weeks c. joint aches. hyperphagia and loss of semantic memory d. as symptoms recur p. 534 c. a treatment session that takes about 4 minutes to complete Nancy will have her very first ECT session tomorrow. cognitive impairment 369 . Japanese studies of combat hysteria during WWII Fac b. McCoy has a new patient who has been diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia. the meaning of the shorthand her boss uses when he sends assignments to her c. E c. M c. c. If he prescribes follow-up medication treatment. B Jorge received only antidepressant medication. d. bipolar disorder. Samuel was given ECT followed by an antidpressant for his severe depression. This patient may be a candidate for psychosurgery. A majority of ECT cases. b. how many of his patients App will probably experience a relapse? p. It stimulates increased production and release of antidepressin. 535 b. The App patient's symptoms have been relatively stable over time. characterized by delusions and several oddities of behavior and speech. Fac b It stimulates an increased production and release of catecholamines and p. the procedures for entering data into her computer p. Ellis has treated 50 severely depressed patients in the last six months with Ans. Psychopharmacology will be of little help to this patient. p. 25 b. Which of the following Ans. the conversations she had with her family about the treatment in the days before it occurred If Tyler has a disorder that is among the three disorders that comprise the Ans. 18 10 4 Dr. You would anticipate that Samuel's App symptoms would improve quickly than Jorge's and that Samuel's treatment p. less optimal than Dr. d. 370 .Sheree is a data entry operator for a large business firm. This patient should be given modem metrazol therapy. By what mechanism does ECT affect disordered mood? Ans. more. less optimal than more. a. 536 beta-endorphins. equal or superior to less. obsessive-compulsive disorder. C ECT. D E a. A a No definitive answer is available. * d It disrupts the cognitive rumination and other dysfunctional cognitive processes that maintain depressed mood. severe depression. 535 b. Which statement below p. This patient is an unlikely candidate for ECT. 535 a. Ans. he could have any of the following EXCEPT App a. 536 is a CORRECT prognosis for this patient? Ans. 535 outcome would be Jorge's. schizophrenia. equal to less. her home address and phone number and those of her family d. D memories is she MOST likely to forget following ECT treatment for depression? App a. 55. % of outpatients are receiving medication. one quarter b. the delegate from India b. McVaugh has decided that his patient. p. McVaugh's treatment plan b. C introduced? Fac a. the frequency of comorbid substance abuse in psychiatric patients If practices at the local community mental health center are comparable to those Ans. 536 a.S. Parrilla is a psychiatrist. the delegate from Britain the delegate from Italy Dr. 537 a. B of her patients will be receiving the most common form of biological treatment App for their disorders. 536 a. 97 b. 45. one half Dr. Tamara. one quarter 55. D following research topics would be of interest to him? App a. In the App mid 1970s.At an international conference where mental health experts meet to discuss Ans. McVaugh Tamara either b or c During what decade was today's most common form of biological treatment Ans. the presence of placebo effects in psychosurgery outcomes d. an NIMH reviewer of Dr. Which of the following persons will determine whether Tamara actually App undergoes this treatment? p. that proportion would have been roughly . If she is like most of her colleagues. which delegate would be most App reluctant to exhibit enthusiasm for modem ECT? p.. C ECT. one third 33. A found across the U. the delegate from the U. Gundy conducts research in the area of psychopharmacology. is an excellent candidate for Ans. 1970s If Dr. 90 76 55 371 . 537 b. 1930s p. Dr. 537 b. successful application of ECT to cases of catatonic schizophrenia M c. 1940s c. improvements in the application of stereotaxic subcaudate tractotomies p. about % Ans. p.S. 537 a. B advances in treatment of psychopathology. which of the Ans. 1950s d. clomipramine d. A substance could come from any of the following categories EXCEPT App a. B receptors that are normally stimulated by endorphins. neuro-reagent. p. D Fac p. App b. butyrophenones. Dmg X. p. D a. agonist. Nardil Zoloft Wellbutin Mariah is taking an MAO inhibitor. inhibitor. Tofranil b. Mariah's medication is acting as an agonist for serotonin and norepinephrine. heterocyclics. 537.45 A new type of dmg. 5-HT inhibitor d. What type of dmg is Dmg X? App a. 539 b. 540. imipramine b.42 Ans. naltrexone is a type of App a. M c. amoxapine c. reuptake inhibitor. Nikita is taking an antidepressant that is severely reducing her REM sleep and Ans. Which of the App following drugs is she probably taking? p. Mariah will have no REM sleep while she is taking this dmg. Mariah is suffering from depression. 372 . agonist. If the drug naltrexone causes an increase in perceptions of pain by occupying Ans.7 b. 540 c. E c. c. deactivator. d. the largest portion goes to purchase which drug? a. 539 b.15. p. selective serotonin reuptake blocker c. D by attaching to serotonin receptors. B sometimes causes a precipitous rise in her blood pressure. A In other words. heroine is a(n) App a. antagonist. p. * d.40 E * Of the $3 billion spent on antidepressant medications. 540-1 a. Ans. an agonist p. 539 b. blocks the effects of the neurotransmitter serotonin Ans. SSRI's. What statement about her case is FALSE? Ans. M d. antagonist. 15. Mariah should not eat aged cheese or drink beer while taking this dmg. fluoxetine Heroine affects brain functioning by mimicking the action of endogenous opiates. an antagonist Gwynneth is taking a psychoactive substance for her depression disorder. monoamine oxidase inhibitors. This Ans. 30 fewer than 5. * d. alprazolam d. 541 b. Which of the following might have been prescribed for her? a. These drugs slow the breakdown of serotonin rather than norepinephrine. how many of Ans.7 M * Anita recently went through a very vicious divorce. 40 them will probably experience uncomfortable side effects? a. Philippe. 540. 541 b. These drugs affect primarily serotonin but not norepinephrine.15. 542 b. p. three weeks d. Missy. 542 a. For which of the Ans. E c.49 Ans. He is taking the type of antidepressant that is most widely prescribed. B App p. five weeks 373 . 22 b. Ans. The known cause of his depression will be relieved. a 67-year-old female either a or c Vincenzo began taking an SSRI yesterday for treatment of his major depression. Moody has prescribed Prozac. C statement below applies to Javier's case? App a. diazepam b. 541 c. a 14-year-old female b. Which Ans. D App p. d. 7 days p. insomnia. c. 15. p. He will need to avoid foods that contain tyramine. chlorpromazine c. C following persons might a dose of 20 mg/day conceivably cause psychotic-like Con symptoms of overdose? p. which is part of this drug's popularity A therapeutic daily dose of Paxil (paroxetine) is 20 to 50 mg. How are drugs such as fluoxetine different from first generation antidepressants Ans. and constipation. He may experience a dry mouth.52 Of the 100 patients for whom Dr. and she is now taking an antidepressant. These drugs block the release of both norepinephrine and serotonin. a 42-year-old male Alicia. sertraline Javier is taking a TCA medication to help him with his depression. A such as phenelzine or imipramine? Fac a. These drugs block the reuptake of dopamine but not norepinephrine. D About how long will it be before the maximum level of effectiveness is reached? App a.3. 15 days c. A for her bipolar disorder. 542 b. 542 c. both a and b 374 .15. App Koa's manic episodes occur about every months. Which antidepressant is likely to be an effective treatment for her? a. and Mapela is receiving lithium Ans. and Mapela's will occur p. 542 b. an SSRI d. C a. She believes she is the antichrist and that she can kill people by simply wishing them dead. A a. anSSRI Bernice has a major depression with severe psychotic symptoms. lithium diazepam trazedone Koa suffers from an untreated bipolar disorder. naturally occurring salt Con b. Tiko. with schizophrenia p. Nadia's psychiatrist has App p. lithium p. Which of the Ans. a neuroleptic c. a. an MAO-I a heterocyclic none of the above Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three? Ans. 542 M * now prescribed a medication that is believed to work by altering secondary messengers. Ronnie. D following medications is she MOST likely to receive? App a. She has shown no improvement Ans. What is this medication? a. Marsha. severe major depression Miyoko has been admitted to the hospital in an acute manic state. much less often 8. secondary messenger alteration Nadia has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. 542 c. with recurrent. much less often 14. slightly less often 9.55 Ans. 14. neuroleptic d. with bipolar disorder d. D App p. John Cade p. Conchita. B with traditional antidepressants such as MAOs or SSRIs. buproprion b. with a specific phobia App b. If they are similar to most persons with this disorder. 542 . about as frequently but with much milder symptoms Which of the following persons is LEAST likely to take a prophylactic drug? Ans. M d. carbamazepine Valproic acid is to buspirone as Ans. 543 c. 543 c. B a. dybenzoxapines b. 542 b. Which of the following dmgs is he taking? App a. c. d. If Pai is receiving the kind of treatment for bipolar disorder that is quickly Ans. agonist is to antagonist. A a. and is Ans. valproic acid. lithium Pierre suffers from posttraumatic stress disorder. He probably has a toxic level of App a. To help him cope with his symptoms. C prescribed than any other type of dmg. p. norepinephrine Fac b. GABA 375 . buspirone in his body. 544 c. coupled with anxiety attacks and Ans. D agoraphobia. dopamine p. 543 b. MAO-I p. butyrophenones phenothiazines benzodiazepines Which neurotransmitter's postsynaptic binding is facilitated by benzodiazepines? Ans. lithium d. 543 b. C becoming the standard of care for this disorder. a physician will most likely App prescribe an antianxiety drug that belongs to which family of medications? p. p. Haldol d. Pai will receive App a.Errol is slurred in his speech. lithium. lithium c. * Carleton is taking a medication which belongs to a category more frequently Ans. Prozac p. a combination of lithium and psychotherapy. Xanax d. 543 a. mania is to depression. glutamate E d. is having difficulty maintaining his balance. Which of the following medications does not belong with the other three? Ans. B feeling very nauseous. Con b. Prolixin c. valproic acid p. D a. amoxapine Con b. psychotherapy. bipolar disorder is to anxiety disorder. dopamine is to GABA. No. p. If the drug was coupled with the psychotherapy. anSSRI M c. Yes. Dumont is treating 10 patients who have panic disorder. Prozac b. Yes. If he Ans. App which of the following medications should he prescribe? p. Xanax Tofranil any of the above 376 . busiprone is more addictive. d. busiprone acts on different neurotransmitters than benzodiazepines do. d. anMAO-I 15. she should be fully treated. 544. disoriented. Should he be more willing to prescribe App buspirone? p. A Which of the following substances is the MOST likely culprit? App a. B agoraphobia.69 Arielle has been taking alprazolam for 8 weeks to help relieve symptoms of Ans. a benzodiazepine p. buspirone fluoxetine lithium alprazolam A physician is reviewing me literature on the treatment of panic attacks. 544-5 a. 545 a. * c. 5 8 10 Francoise's therapist is encouraging him to continue taking his prescribed Ans.6 a. but at a much lower intensity than before. No. A medication even though Francoise believes that all it has done for the past three App weeks is make him dizzy and give him mild headaches.Lieux is taking a psychoactive substance that is causing significant drowsiness. D prescribed Xanax to each of them. how many patients will probably experience App withdrawal symptoms after several months of treatment? p. buspirone * d. Her anxiety and panic attacks will recur with increased intensity. and suffer detoxification effects. What medication is p. She will become confused. 544 b. If she has Ans. but busiprone requires extensive blood testing if it is taken. Dr. 544 b. 2 b. 546 Francoise probably taking? a. what will probably happen? App a. c. Ans. C prescriptions for benzodiazepines. Kirsten's physician is reluctant to give anxiety-disordered clients long-term Ans. Her anxiety and panic attacks will recur. C b. D wanted to successfully treat at least half of his patients within an 8-week period. because busiprone is an antidepressant. When she stops taking the drug. tricyclics : treatment of schizophrenia 377 . carbamazepine Which of the following descriptions is MOST likely to be true for Kamala. Her compulsions will fully remit within 10 weeks. B a. which of the following is MOST likely? a. social withdrawal p. benzodiazepines c. monoamine oxidase inhibitors p. 40 30 19 Which of the following medications and their initial uses are mismatched? Ans. tangential speech Neuroleptic drugs have drastically changed the nature of institutionalization for Ans. A antipsychotic medication? App a. 546 of treatment. 546 b. 547 a. about % of schizophrenic patients Fac respond well enough to live completely independently. 546 c. What general class of Ans. neuroleptics Maude is hearing voices and having paranoid delusions. C a. Her obsessions will noticeably decrease within two to three weeks of the start p. incoherent. delusions of grandeur d. phenobarbitals d. She will experience fewer benefits from this dmg than she would from BuSpar. aTCA b. p. D drugs is her physician likely to prescribe to her? App a. 547 c. She will discontinue the dmg due to bothersome side effects. metrazol therapy : treatment of schizophrenia Con b. auditory hallucinations c. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors d. phenothiazines Which of Josef s schizophrenic symptoms will be LEAST affected by the use of an Ans. antipsychotics p. a Ans. major tranquilizers Con b. With these drugs. phenothiazines : treatment of epilepsy p.15. 54 b. b. Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three? Ans. a benzodiazepine d. A App p. 546 M * If a biological treatment were chosen for Solveig who suffers from OCD. C psychotic individuals. 546 b.74 Ans. psychosurgery c. MAO-I : treatment of tuberculosis M d. B person who is taking Anafranil for the treatment of OCD? App a. D moving his arms and legs.. dry mouth. thereby reducing psychotic p. in the U. neuroleptic malignant syndrome p. spasmodic contortions Ans. acute akathesia 378 . B levels drop out of balance with their levels of acetylcholine. E b. in the early 1960s Nigel is taking a typical neuroleptic. in France. When their dopamine Ans. 547 c. in Italy. what will result? App a. 548 b. was chlorpromazine first used to treat mental patients? Ans. The drug is functioning as a dopamine agonist. acute akathesia b. What side effect does this represent? App a. 548 b. The drug is affecting dopamine functioning in the limbic system and frontal * lobes but does not significantly affect other structures. If Fiona is taking a drug which is acting as a dopamine antagonist in her basal Ans.S.In what country. TO Denise has an extrapyramidal syndrome marked by rapid. in the early 1950s p. Which of the following is occurring in his Ans.S. The drug is functioning as a dopamine antagonist by targeting D2 receptors. TO c.. and constipation c. high fever and muscular rigidity A group of patients is being treated with neuroleptics. C in her head. neck. acute dystonia Parkinsonism Assaf is displaying uncontrollable restlessness and feels a constant need to keep Ans. and back. which of the following symptoms will occur? App a. C a. in the early 1950s d. Sometimes she looks as though she is having an App p. d. acute dystonia d. in the mid 1950s Fac b. D brain? App a. 548 b. Parkinsonism c. in the U. What side effect does this represent? a. extrapyramidal restiveness c. extrapyramidal symptoms p. blurred vision. acute dystonia p. acute akathesia d. 548 M * epileptic seizure. The drug is reestablishing a balance between dopamine and acetylcholine. and when. c. A ganglia. symptoms of anxiety and panic d. 547 symptoms. a 47-year-old schizophrenic female who has taken neuroleptics for 25 years Raoul. exhibits uncontrollable twitches in her face and lateral movements of her jaw. and irregular heart rate and blood pressure. what should the physician suspect? acute dystonia Parkinsonism tardive dyskinesia neuroleptic malignant syndrome 379 .Sadie. If Terry began taking a neuroleptic a few days ago. tardive dyskinesia acute dystonia. a long-term psychiatric patient. tardive dyskinesia toxic phenothiazine poisoning. a 55-year-old psychotically depressed female who has taken neuroleptics for 12 years The neuroleptic side effect most likely to cause death in persons who develop it is . What disorder is present? tardive dyskinesia Parkinsonism neuroleptic malignant disorder acute dystonia Trisha has been taking chlorpromazine for most of her adult life. and has spasmodic jerks and tics in her trunk and arms. makes smacking sounds with her lips. neuroleptic malignant syndrome neuroleptic malignant syndrome. She is now starting to develop some dangerous side effects from this medication. The long-term side effect that is unresponsive to antiParkinsonism medication is . a 63-year-old schizophrenic male who has taken neuroleptics for 20 years Gertie. Which condition below is the LEAST likely to be among these? Parkinsonism neuroleptic malignant syndrome TD none of the above Which of the following persons is MOST likely to develop TD? Heinz. acute akathesia. a 36-year-old bipolar male who has taken mood stabilizers for 20 years Melanie. muscle rigidity. acute akathesia Terry has just been mshed to a hospital emergency room with an extremely high fever. pemoline 380 . Antipsychotics such as this one are not very effective in treating negative E symptoms. in which some negative symptoms are caused by an underlying mood disturbance. For what reason might this be App problematic? p. c.. which Ans. methylphenidate E d. Haldol Which of the following statements should be OMITTED from a description of the Ans. b. methamphetamine p. Clozaril c. an SSRI d. D marked predominantly by negative symptoms. risperidone p. dextroamphetamine Con b. B a. 549 b.92 Ans. A a. Sertraline Janet is taking a medication for schizophrenia. c. What medication she is taking? Serzone Prolixin Clozaril For psychotic patients who exhibit predominantly negative symptomatology. 549 c. 551 c. B medication would you recommend? App a. but she is seriously considering changing it because of the high cost of treatment. Which of the following is NOT an atypical neuroleptic medication? Ans. Vittorio's family would like him to take clozapine for his psychotic disorder Ans. This drug is effective only for schizoaffective disorder. C Con p. With the weekly blood cell count she must have. Stelazine p. thiothixene Fac b. olanzapine d. It is not associated with the extrapyramidal side effects common to other antipsychotic medications. 549 M * recent antipsychotic medication that has its primary effect on D 4 receptors? a. b. the costs of her treatment run her several thousand dollars per year. d. It has antagonistic effects on several neurotransmitters besides dopamine. It is effective for the treatment of both positive and negative psychotic symptoms. 549 a. D App p. The drag may be prohibitively expensive for Vittorio and his family. clozapine Which of the following medications does not belong with the other three? Ans. 549 a. Extrapyramidal side effects from the medication may motivate Vittorio to refuse to keep taking the drug. It is free of virtually all annoying side effects. normal levels of arousal throughout the day. This Ans. Forrest will most likely experience p. headaches. A 7:30 A. a group of white males and white females a group of white and Hispanic males a group of white and Asian males 15. and his ADHD M symptoms will return stronger than ever. 15. increases.M. B medication? Con a. decreases. According to the text. vigorous exercise to stimulate muscle development reductions in dosage levels periodic drug holidays 15. improved social relationships p. dopamine in his brain. App what would your child's clinician recommend to avoid this possibility? p. 551 c. side effects of decreased appetite and physical discomfort improved attention to relevant environmental stimuli 15. a vegetarian diet b. pharmacokinetic c. App According to the text. A pharmacokinetics today. The medication the availability of a. B App p. abdominal pains. psychopathological p. increases. D is taking to treat the disorder may stunt his/her growth.Nine-year-old Toshio is taking the commonly prescribed stimulant medication for Ans. long-term academic gains c. a group of white males b.103 Dr. * b. 552 a. his hyperactivity. a decrease of arousal as the day progresses due to the fact that the stimulant will wear off. 552 b. 551 a. GABA b. and a loss of appetite four to five hours after his last dosage. psychodynamic pharmacodynamic 381 research. a ten-year-old male. decreases. . 551 a. Sekka is studying the antagonist effects of clozapine on D 4 receptors. what sort of sample is most commonly represented in Con those studies? p. D work is a specific example of App a. Forrest. 551 b.100 Which of the following outcomes is LEAST likely for children taking stimulant Ans.101 As a parent of an ADHD child.102 When physicians read information from studies of pharmacodynamics and Ans. you are concerned that the medication your child Ans. Forrest was in a hurry and forgot to take his midday dosage to school. a rebound effect in the early afternoon after his last dosage. d. norepinephrine and dopamine serotonin d. took his ADHD medication at breakfast around Ans. c. the placebo effect antidepressant medication interpersonal therapy SHORT ANSWER I ESSAY 15.. A App p. What were two important consequences for the Portuguese neurosurgeon who introduced one of these techniques? The first procedure in this century was the prefrontal leucotomy/lobotomy. d. won the Nobel Prize for Medicine (in 1949) but was also shot and paralyzed by a disgruntled patient. None of the above is correct. which of the following persons will achieve the highest Ans. Moniz. 552 b. which factors was probably MOST important in her treatment? p.105 Given equivalent doses. 15. a Japanese male c. b. B blood concentration level of a phenothiazine? App a. C black male? App a.S. placebo effect. Hiroski. Later. psychoactive effect. 15. Robert. the neurosurgeon who introduced the lobotomy. b. an African American male 15.108 Describe the "blind" lobotomy techniques used in the past. undercutting the frontal lobes.104 Which of the following pharmacokinetic outcomes is likely to apply to Medgar. the quality of the relationship with her therapist b.107 Vivian has undergone successful therapy for depression. this involved the use of a leucotome that was inserted through the skull. the standard/frontal lobotomy involved holes drilled into each side of the skull into which a cutting instrument was inserted and the frontal lobe was severed from the rest of the brain. a Ans. a Hispanic male p. 552 Asian male for similar doses. Medgar's metabolism of benzodiazepines will be faster than that of a white male. c. Small holes were drilled in the skull just over frontal lobes. A findings from the NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research App Program. a Caucasian male d. this would be called a(n) a.106 Ans. This was replaced by the simpler office procedure in which a small ice pick-like instrument was inserted into the socket above the eye. Trevor. pseudochemical effect. ethnic differences have not been established in this area. and a wire loop was rotated to destroy the tissue. In the U. 382 . 553 a. Medgar will show a higher blood concentration of neuroleptics than will an p. and alcohol was then injected into the tissue to destroy it. If his symptoms improve significantly. Medgar will experience a faster therapeutic response to tricyclic drags than will a white male. According to the Ans. Vito. experimenter expectancy effect. 553 E * Michael was given a sugar pill that he believed was actually an antidepressant medication.15. This provides precedent and historical support for an attitude that has fostered the acceptance of drugs in modem society as a common and appropriate intervention in mental disorders.110 For what reasons has ECT grown in popularity in the past few years? The promise of antidepressant medications has not been completely fulfilled. and. The drugs have several adverse side effects. the drug acts quickly to relieve symptoms. Agonist action — directly mimics the action of neurotransmitters by occupying specific receptors Antagonist action — blocks the action of neurotransmitters by inertly occupying receptors Prolonging of neurotransmitter action — blocking reuptake or slowing enzyme action that breaks down the neurotransmitters 15.111 What influence has ancient herbal medicine had on the field of psychology? Herbal remedies were the predecessors of psychotropic drugs. 15. and they are not effective for all patients. bilateral ECT. major depression with melancholia. 15. metrazol therapy. less severe depression that has been unresponsive to all other treatment interventions. For what disorders) is this therapy used today? Insulin coma. with fewer adverse side effects. and are highly effective for severely depressed patients (particularly when combined with medication follow-up).113 Why are benzodiazepines widely prescribed? What are the potentially dangerous consequences of their use? They are widely prescribed because anxiety disorders are the most commonly occurring disorders. The drags are dangerous because diey can cause dependence and severe withdrawal symptoms that can even cause greater discomfort than the original symptoms. catatonic stupor and acute schizophrenic agitation. 15.112 Describe the various mechanisms by which psychoactive drugs can affect brain activity.109 List in chronological order the development of convulsive therapies. psychotic depression. they are relatively inexpensive. beginning with Sakel's procedure. Patients with acute manic episodes also benefit from this treatment. initial side effects are negligible. unilateral ECT Used for severe mood disorders (manic episodes of bipolar disorder.15. 383 . severely suicidal depression). Also. possibly. they can also combine with alcohol to produce potentially dangerous motor impairment. ECT procedures have become much safer. used in essentially all cultures with the belief that they could relieve mental distress. and benzodiazepine (Xanax). defend your answer. SSRI. Would you advocate the use of some kind of biological treatment? Using evidence from your text.114 Regarding dmg treatment for anxiety disorders: What four types of medication are effective for the treatment of panic attacks? Besides the benzodiazepines.15. BuSpar effectively treats generalized anxiety disorder. TCA. Anafranil/clomipramine (a TCA) as well as the SSRI's are useful for OCD. 15. what dmg is effective for the treatment of generalized anxiety? for the treatment of OCD? Panic treatment: MAO-I.115 Suppose a relative of yours were to be diagnosed with a severe episode of major depression.] 384 . [No modal response predictable. Dominique will be App probably to terminate it. Dr. neither Michael. a 15-year-old female d. more educated. Alicia Alicia. Karen. a 27-year-old female c. Fuhr. Curtis. sooner likely to seek therapy and Vicki says that she always encourages her clients to fully express their emotions Ans. A from a higher SES class. a 62-year-old male p. a 33year-old male Lorena feels tired and irritable and is considering making an appointment to see a therapist. Vicki's strategy will most likely need to be App p. Dr. D a. 558-9 E a. Ms. C psychotherapy? App a. 558 b. b. B is more likely to seek therapy. App _______ would exhibit greater improvement. a clinical social worker d. sooner less. professions. B App p. c. 558 c. Alicia. sooner b. Michael b. 559 E adjusted for clients of different a. . more. a psychologist p. p. Alicia and Michael are both experiencing an episode of major depression. 559 a. later equally. an older adult. Alicia Dominique is a woman living in near-poverty conditions. A and become independent thinkers. levels of self-esteem. all of the above Statistically. Keifer. less. which of the following persons is LEAST likely to receive Ans. but if both were to receive therapy. Ans. Marta. socioeconomic classes. p. a younger adult. cultural backgrounds.Chapter 16 PSYCHOTHERAPY Which of the following persons can be called a psychotherapist? Ans. c. Madsen. Alicia. Compared to someone Ans. Cosby. a minority. b. 558-9 a. d. Lorena's therapy will probably be more successful if she is Ans. a psychiatrist App b. d. depression. 559 b. Stephen. C her first interview. Fac b. C b. In Ans. 13 In a student's summary of the characteristics of effective psychotherapists. D health center but needs more information about groups that are currently unlikely Con to seek help. Dr. Suzette. 386 . people of upper socioeconomic status. p. Evidence conclusively demonstrates that untrained helpers are as effective as professional therapists. E b. C of the following statements would be TRUE? Con a. 559 a. Ruiz is a psychotherapist. experienced therapists tend to keep clients in therapy somewhat longer than do novice therapists. Research on therapy outcomes shows that Ans. he will see Ans. marital difficulties. 7 E c. Therapy outcomes tend to be somewhat more positive when the therapist is a p. * d. women. a European American male Carter. seasoned therapists do better than novice therapists. Drawing on prevalence rates to predict what problem your next psychotherapy Ans.Marguerite has just begun a training rotation on an inpatient psychiatric unit. p. the quality of die client-therapist relationship is more important than the E therapist's type of training. B about clients each day. Who of the following is this likely to be? p. App a. 11 d. a Hispanic male A service organization wishes to encourage people to use the community mental Ans. a psychotic condition. A client is MOST likely to have. If he is typical of most therapists. Hispanic Americans. Novice therapists appear to produce outcomes that are comparable to those of more experienced therapists. a European American female b. an African American male Carlos. 559 a. According to your text. 4 p. she talked with an individual who is a member of a group App overrepresented in such settings. which Ans. 559-60 psychologist rather than a social worker. you should guess Con a. middle-aged adults. they should be advised to target p. the therapist's type of training is as important as the quality of the client-therapist relationship. novice therapists do better than seasoned therapists. Seasoned. 559 b. 560 c. substance abuse. C a. d. E c. " is a means of gaining a client's confidence in the treatment method. Which of the following is most likely to be a quote from an App interpersonal therapist? "The therapeutic relationship p. This is known as a(n) p.16." may help clients to overcome past anxieties. several Ans. cognitive-behavioral therapy : a means of fostering compliance with treatment techniques b. working alliance agreement. A factors must be present. clients' exploration of the causes of their problems d. and other conditions that App will facilitate their work. a strong commitment to therapy on the part of Amelia as well as her therapist the therapist's genuine concern for Amelia's well-being a clearly established therapeutic contract In her first session with new clients. 387 . a positive relationship with clients Which of the following theoretical approaches and rationales for the working Ans. B alliance with clients. informed consent contract." For Amelia and her therapist to establish a strong working relationship. therapeutic contract. Dr. 560 a. professional graduate-level training p. 560 C a. the nature of confidentiality. b. D therapy. allows clients to work through and understand how early conflicts still affect M them." is a secure place to practice new ways of communicating with others. 560 a. Fac a. 560 a. 560 b. the therapist's expertise in an eclectic method of therapy b. Freudian psychoanalysis : a vehicle for exploring connections between early experience and current problems interpersonal therapy : a safe context for practicing new patterns of communication Rogerian client-centered therapy : a new opportunity for soothing past fears and insecurities Several therapists were interviewed about the importance of a positive working Ans. Which of the following is LEAST crucial to that App relationship? p. B expectations of therapy. at least average intelligence in clients c. professional therapy agreement. D alliance are mismatched? Con p.13 Psychotherapists agree that is a necessary ingredient for successful Ans. Hardy talks with her clients about their Ans. uses more than one theoretical approach to therapy. If she employs the most popular principles Ans. Todd is a new patient of a psychoanalytic therapist. combines medications with behavioral therapy methods. psychoanalytic cognitive client-centered phenomenological 388 . work through those insights free associate. c. he must first and then be willing to App . Mark App did not tell Dan. In her work with clients. an adult client. free associate achieve insight. was right to involve Dan's family if it was beneficial in Dan's treatment. eclectic Jonelle tells her clients in their first session of therapy that she is an integrationist. What is this perspective? App a." What perspective is the therapist employing? a. Breinholdt adheres to a perspective that is endorsed Ans. p. "It is important that we understand Ans. d. believes disorders are caused by poor early parent-child interactions. 561 b. * d. A the underlying ambivalence you may have toward your parents. not just intellectual understanding. attempting to gain App insight about how these early experiences are being replayed in your current p. that he would be contacting his family. Dr. C family to discuss his worries about some disturbing memories Dan described. she will use App a. Ans. C proceed successfully in therapy. analyze his resistance. 561 a. emphasizes emotional understanding. C reported in a national survey of therapists. Dr. should have invited family members to the next session instead of calling them by phone. cognitive methods. psychodynamic methods. 560 a. Gleason is an eclectic therapist. phoned Dan's Ans. achieve conscious insight p. 561 b. his therapist.After Dan's especially emotional therapy session. psychodynamic p. In order for Todd to Ans. cognitive-behavioral c. Mark. Mark p. b. interpersonal d. analyze his countertransference A therapist said to a client with social phobia. work through unconscious conflicts. should have verified the memories before involving the family in treatment. D by the largest number of psychotherapists. phenomenological/experiential methods. 561-2 relationships. behavioral techniques. M c. was wrong to involve Dan's family without permission. D which means that she App a. b. p. 561 b. App a. emotionally c. D what happened in the dream.Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three? Ans. neurotic c. either a or b d. both a and b Barry's therapist notices that while he is describing his day. Vittorio is a. free association. response prevention. free association p. encouraging his client to free associate. he switches from Ans. manifest neurotic latent intellectual Boris is telling his therapist about his dream from last night. 562 b. resistant p. 562 "feed" and then later. The App therapist believes this may be significant. In other words. App a. she will Ans. As Boris recounts Ans. the word "dog. analyzing his client's resistance. Barry's therapist is interpreting Barry's covert sensitization. analysis of resistance When Miranda achieves insight into the sources of her depression." Rita's therapist wants to find the content of Rita's dream. 561-2 c. intellectually p. D ^ understand those unconscious dynamics. Vittorio is traveling. metaphorically. Rita woke up feeling anxious and realized that she had dreamed for the third time Ans. latent d. d. interpreting his client's dreams. 562 b. manifest 389 . resistance. C this week that she had forgotten to feed her friend's dog. 562 where Barry describes a failure and then mentions his brother. on the royal road to his client's unconscious Ans. A App p. and it had almost died. analysis of lifestyle Con b. he is describing its content. b. 562 M * mind. dream interpretation d. working through his client's transference. B talking about falling behind on school work to talking about his brother. c. A a. App Rita's therapist asks her to say whatever she thinks of after hearing the word p. especially after several more instances p. Edena's psychoanalytic therapist will conclude that the client is experiencing unconditional positive regard. free associating. D impressing their friends with Edena's accomplishments. Wharton is a psychoanalyst Ans. Frost will carefully avoid App . or recurring marital App arguments. so he acts in a cold and noncommittal manner App toward them. Edena feels that her parents never really cared about her but cared only about Ans. If a transference neurosis occurs. analysis of resistance. Frost is a Freudian psychoanalyst. mirror transference. B wouldn't believe the kind of week I've had at work! Maybe we could cut our App session a little short." How would a psychoanalytic p. ego analysis . Sam will act coldly toward his female therapist for an extended time period. Sam's main psychological problem involves his anger toward women. A that women are cold and rejecting. b. Mayron looks for the underlying conflicts or defenses which might p. if that's okay with you. p. 563 disliking her and of using her to better his career. and Dr. empathic understanding. 390 . C involves choice of career. 563 a. she accuses her therapist of p. forgetting to make a phone call. 562 therapist describe this interaction? a. Where Dr. ego analysis countertransference. C trained in Alexander's methods. a process known as a. corrective emotional experiences lifestyle analysis. idealizing transference b. During a therapy session. Wharton will actively pursue p. Dr. Sam will be unable to engage in a corrective emotional experience. behavioral transference. exhibiting transference. Sam feels Ans. Edena does not trust that App people like her for herself. You Ans. analysis of resistance. interpreting everyday behavior. Sam will temporarily develop a profound love for his therapist. "I'm just too tired to talk about anything today. having a corrective emotional experience. 562-3 a. whether it Ans. Said a client to his therapist.Mayron believes all her clients' behaviors are equally important. as a sign of countertransference as a sign of resistance as a sign of latent content as a sign of a maladaptive style of life Dr. his female therapist will be cold and rejecting toward him. 562 explain these behaviors. Rogers would strongly recommend that a therapist disclose Con tmthfully and tactfully her/his own conscious reactions to a client. he is most like a(n) p. ego analytical d. she helps clients to change their p. Erikson. Martinique is engaging in corrective emotional experiences with her therapist.39 "Traditional psychoanalysts worry too much about sex and aggression and unknown Ans. Adlerian * b. A urges. detached stance. 564 mistaken thinking. Jeneca's therapy is MOST similar to therapy. Martinique sits face-to-face with her therapist instead of reclining on a couch. 563 b. Sato believes App clients need an emotional resolution to conflicts from the past. C Which of the following descriptions does NOT apply to this therapeutic process? App a. cognitive 391 . 563 from a therapist who agrees with a. B together they can relive and work through old problems. a. 563 b. B countertransference. an emphasis on object relations theory as a basis for therapy d. unconditional positive regard. therapeutic challenging. 66 a.37 Dr. The therapist maintains a relatively neutral. Because Dr. Adler. * d. p. 563. Perls. She is interested in the way Ans. A her clients deal with their feelings of inferiority and imperfections. understanding relationships with his clients so that Ans. self-analysis. 16." Such a quote MOST likely comes p. D a. an emphasis on helping clients attain insight about unconscious libidinal Fac conflicts p. experiential individual psychology psychoanalytically oriented traditional psychoanalytic What do Hartman. M a.While Freud would recommend that therapists avoid the expression of unconscious Ans. an emphasis on the importance of adaptive ego functioning for clients' success in therapy 16. reliance on dream interpretation rather than analysis of resistance for the M uncovering of unconscious content c. interpersonal therapists. Ans. genuineness. the ego analysts. It revolves around client-therapist conversations about present problems. Ellis'RET therapy c. 563 psychotherapist. Sato tries to create close. Jeneca describes herself as a psychodynamic therapist. known as p. M c. p. It occurs in the context of a relatively brief psychoanalytic-type therapy. I think we should worry about how people work toward goals and how App defense mechanisms play a role in their coping. and Anna Freud have in common? Ans. Rather than App uncover repressed sexual or aggressive urges. Adlerian individual psychotherapy is MOST similar to which modem approach to Ans. explore the client's early experiences. what sort of transference should the therapist attempt to encourage? p. Con b. d. 564 a. p. Ans. phenomenological d. safety. cognitive Dr. attach any meaning to transference. Joshua was often ignored by his parents. 564 a. A Winnicott. 564 a. use free association to discover the defenses used by the ego. Alexander is to Sullivan. p. use dream interpretation as a means of discovering conscious conflicts. Freud is to Adler. analyze countertransference. 564 personality and relationships. C in her work with clients Lozona will NOT App a. C relationships. and Kohut. In App therapy. Adler is to Rogers. she will App a.Unconscious conflict is to maladaptive style of life as Ans. encourage free association. Unlike other psychodynamic therapists. Perls is to Kohut. Gestalt c. object relations interpersonal Gestalt In his earliest years of life. Joshua never feels sufficiently loved by his significant other. behavioral b. D therapy? Fac p. p. In his adult Ans. B a. B relationships and meet their needs for respect. Hosea is App probably a(n) therapist. Lozona is an Adlerian psychotherapist. Adlerian b. b. twinship idealizing nurturance 392 . c. see the bonding between infants and caregivers as most important for later p. mirror b. 562-4 c. Klein. and closeness. Hosea views transference as a healthy way to reenact clients' early parent-child Ans. d. 546 b. In contrast to a traditional psychoanalyst. utilize a form of dream interpretation. Shapiro often employs a therapeutic method promoted by theorists such as Ans. what sort of transference is MOST likely to foster this perception on the part of the client? twinship mirror congruence idealizing Which of the following therapists is MOST likely to view themselves as a sort of surrogate parent for their clients who were emotionally deprived during infancy? Tywanna. self-defeating style of interactions learned in childhood effective treatment for depression 393 . I'd like to work with you to develop some new. a Gestalt therapist Beverly. a Freudian psychoanalyst Deidre. Yelling at her and leaving the house in a rage are perpemating those conflicts. so that the client comes to understand that this usual strategy for gaining control over an interaction will not work. Which of the following would NOT be a focus of her treatment? the development of better interpersonal skills exploration of her insecure attachment pattern in childhood conflicts between her roles as a parent. What sort of therapy does this represent? Beck's cognitive therapy Ellis'RET interpersonal object relations Ingeborg is receiving a form of interpersonal therapy for her depression that was developed specifically for that disorder.Phenomenological therapists assert that therapists must regard their clients as equals. and a wife protracted grief over the loss of her mother two years ago "Nate." What perspective does this therapist MOST likely employ? behavioral phenomenological/experiential client-centered interpersonal Which of the following descriptors does not belong with the other three? conditions of worth Harry Stack Sullivan exaggerated. an interpersonal therapist Marcus. the temper tantrums and acting out you used to get attention from your parents when you were a child are not going to help you resolve your current conflicts with your wife. flexible means of getting the support you really want from her. an object relations therapist LeeAnn believes clients need to understand how they perpetuate conflicts through their communication with and attitudes toward others. LeeAnn tries not to react as most people would to a client's arrogance and disdain. Conceptually speaking. During therapy. a full-time professional. 565 therapist. resolution of past childhood experiences. interpersonal experiential cognitive psychodynamic 16. B. interpersonal therapies. c. 565 b.58 Psychodynamic therapies typically focus on . innate Ans. phenomenological therapies. 563. conscious ego coping processes.The notion of empathy. at which point they will be able to adaptively solve their own problems. Skinner d. F. and Wertheimer. 565 a. D a. while Ans. a. Carl Rogers Nadine believes it is her responsibility to help her clients reach their full. innate potentiation congruence genuineness By creating a relationship in which he is honest and caring. they will grow to their potential. Ted is MOST likely a(n) p.5 b. d. cognitive therapies. if defined as the ability to view the world from the Ans. Heinz Kohut Con b. 565 c. Con a. Harry Stack Sullivan p. 565 a. p. objective interpretations of reality E c. unrealized potential 394 . B unique perspective of one's client. B get to know themselves better. Vlado employs a therapy system whose fundamental concepts are derived from Ans. interpersonal phenomenological cognitive Who of the following is MOST likely to believe that a client is naturally good? Ans. could be said to be MOST crucial to Con a. therapy relationship facilitation of individuals' maladaptive vicarious learning experiences. rigid. He believes that once clients' perceptions are App more accurate. maladaptive interpersonal behaviors p. A potential. immediate experiences in the d. self psychology b. How Con would you characterize Vlado's perspective? p. Ted hopes clients will Ans. C experiential therapies focus on . C the writings of persons such as Kierkegaard. Sartre. App What is the name for the goal Nadine holds for her clients? p. subjective interpretations of reality. self-actualization b. psychodynamic therapies. "You must be very upset and worried about your son's behavior. "Lie down and tell me everything that you think of when I say the word 'drugs'. empathy Con b. you should work to create a relationship with the client by App a. now. Ans. accepting clients as they are." c. D to imagine someone sitting there whom she most needs to confront at this time. 566 M * Seth agrees join the sports team in order to win his father's approval. Nadia's client cried as he told him that he just found out about his son's drug use. 566 vent the strong. mirror transference. showing that you understand their feelings. C Because Nadia is a client-centered therapist." b. congruence d. remaining neutral to encourage clients to react to you as they would to important Ans. "Now. What perspective is represented in this technique? cognitive-behavioral self psychology interpersonal P/E Seth is 16 years old. 566 E saying. b.16. A father expects Seth to maintain the family tradition of joining the basketball team. Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three? Ans. App As Veronica talks to the imagined person. working with the client to create an agreement about the behaviors the client should change. C people from their lives. App p. c. d. d. challenging clients' irrational thoughts while being supportive of their efforts to p. "What do you believe might be contributing to your son's behavior?" 39 5 . E b. she would MOST likely respond by App p. His father's expectation is a (n) a. B a. transference neurosis. unfinished business p. self-actualization To be a client-centered therapist. c. He wants to join the drama club at his high school. and being honest about your feelings.59 Veronica's therapist is asking her to focus on the empty chair across from her and Ans. 566-7 c. calm down. It's not the end of the world to have a child do a dangerous thing. the therapist encourages her to fully p. condition of worth. a." d. 566 change. but his Ans. angry feelings she harbors about the individual. incongruence. 566 therapist has effectively communicated his a. Dr. She Ans. Diamond works with a client who appears to be denying feelings of anger Ans. The p. empathy. congruence c.16. Nancy. asked. It would prevent Lani's exploration of the rigid. Warren refuses to assign Ans. Dr. A DSM-IV diagnoses because they pigeonhole and label his clients. * b. Dr. what is Nancy MOST likely to do? suggest that they reschedule the appointment for another time when Gladys feels like talking ask her to focus on an empty chair and talk about the feelings that the image brings up wait patiently. conditions of worth. for as long as it takes. It would interfere with Lani's discovery of her own innate abilities to resolve her problems. her goals. B feels very comfortable with her therapist because he really seems to understand App her feelings and her views about her life. Gladys walked silently into her appointment with her therapist. For what reason would her App client-centered therapist be unlikely to give such advice? p. 568 the client must reexperience earlier feelings of anger and rage in order to work through them and recognize his responsibility for changing his current situation. for Gladys to respond encourage her to participate in a relaxation procedure. self-actualization d. and her deepest fears. A toward his father and who feels helpless to stand his ground when his father App criticizes his career choice or his discipline of his children. D arguments she has had with her boyfriend recently. The client would fail to understand the responsibility she has for her own behavior. C moved her chair away from Nancy. such as deep breathing Lani is asking her new therapist for advice to help her resolve the heated Ans. The therapist might recommend an intervention that is inappropriate for Lani. unconditional positive regard p. Diamond believes p.64 In order to adequately convey his . self-defeating interaction M pattern she is perpetuating in her relationship. sitting down with her legs crossed and arms App folded. a client-centered therapist. What form of therapy does this MOST likely represent? Gestalt object relations self psychology client-centered 396 . App a. permissiveness. and Ans. 566 b." If Gladys does not respond. "Feel like letting me in on p. conditions of worth Gertrude is engaged in the best-known form of phenomenological therapy. 566-7 what's going on? I'm here for you. 566 a. given that the two have not established a solid working alliance yet. Nancy. congruence. 72 Tom is a Gestalt therapist. 568 about your decision?" Judd says. 568 b. Judd is probably a therapist. self psychology : Kohut Con b. client-centered : Rogers p. 568 b. D a. A Gestalt therapist is less likely to display genuineness. 569 c. behavior therapy C d. A likely to emphasize in treatment sessions? App a. a. d. c. she tells Judd that she feels completely Ans. As Nara clasps and unclasps her hands. B a. client-centered cognitive Gestalt psychodynamic Which of the following therapies and their primary theorist are mismatched? Ans. client-centered therapy Con b. systematic desensitization : Wolpe M d.In what way is Gestalt therapy different from client-centered therapy? Ans. psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy 397 . Which of the following systems of therapy was developed later than the others? Ans. cognitions healthy transference with the therapist Eartha just spent 20 minutes expressing her feelings about a conflict with her Ans. and client-centered is a Con phenomenological approach. "Become your hands! What are they telling you p. 568 c. which of them is more likely to exhibit lower blood pressure following that experience? Marlene Eartha neither person There is no empirical basis on which to make a prediction. Gestalt: Maslow * 16. p. 569 research experimenter. Judd suggests that she clasp App her hands more tightly together. A Gestalt therapist is less likely to focus on client's emotional experiences. A Gestalt therapist is more active and confrontive than is a client-centered M therapist. C a. Which aspect of his client's experience is he MOST Ans. B mother to an empty chair in which she imagined her mother sitting. psychoanalysis p. Marlene App spent 20 minutes expressing her feelings about a conflict with her mother to a p. C relaxed about her decision to move away from home. behaviors c. feelings p. Gestalt therapy is a cognitive-behavioral approach. Compared to their initial levels. behavioral c. Hazel. 569 b. 569 exhibits extremely dominant behaviors. App b. E d. you Ans. early life relationships. a(n) therapist is more likely to focus on the here-and-now. His therapist. C a. Con a. who has generalized anxiety * d. Boris. Amee. For which of the following clients would you recommend treatment via Ans. cannot leam a new behavior if you are still exhibiting the old one. who has a social phobia 398 . d. Heinz. b. Wolpe. then.Which of the therapy models has been most clearly based on empirical research? Ans. Fac b. cognitions. 569 b. emotions. who has panic attacks M c. will not be able to leam positive thinking if you do not recognize and inhibit automatic negative thoughts. Gestalt d. 569 c. A systematic desensitization? App a. and Eysenck. RET. B childhood. behaviors. p. behaviors. will not be able to be anxious about an upcoming exam if you are relaxed. D Con p. cognitive. all of the above While a(n) _ _ _ _ _ therapist is likely to focus on issues related to clients' early Ans. Adlerian b. would be most likely to focus App on Wilhelm's p. emotions. c. D a. Gestalt According to the principle of reciprocal inhibition. cognitions. who has a phobia of elevators p. behavioral Wilhelm is involved in a type of therapy originally described by persons such as Ans. object relations. 569 a. will tend to exhibit submissive behaviors when interacting with a person who p. 569 E * a. psychodynamic d. object relations c. Gestalt. A Lazarus. Current behavioral therapies include techniques that address clients' Ans. Adlerian p. coping d. D salon. which of the Ans. Ernesto's assignment from his therapist is to return to the Ans. Dr. and ask that someone correct the problem. A a. coping In order to strengthen his client's ability to benefit from an intervention for a Ans. emotive 399 . App Ernesto is MOST likely involved in p. aversion therapy. C social phobia. in vivo desensitization. rational emotive therapy Which sort of modeling is MOST similar to imaginal desensitization? Ans. This is BEST known as modeling. The procedure. contingency modeling. 570 a. M a. b. participant p. 569 c. a token economy p. 569 allowed to give in to her fear. covert Con b. Jones displays some signs of anxiety as he eats in public with App his client observing him. C a. relaxation techniques d. in vivo exposure p. 571 c. If a student clinician is being supervised by Albert Bandura. modeling c. 571 fearless modeling of such behavior. participant * b. contingency c. extinction After a poor haircut. systematic desensitization d. her therapist seats her in a chair. assertiveness training. contingency management exposure treatment participant modeling systematic desensitization Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three? Ans. contingency d. B following treatment techniques is the student MOST likely to be learning? App a. worked because Tameka is not p. places Ans. Jones believes this will be more effective than p. a. flooding Con b. which is a type of .Because Tameka is very frightened of cats. 570 b. Dr. B a cat in her lap and keeps her in that position until Tameka is calmly petting the App cat. explain why he is dissatisfied. b. Jean-Claude tries to decrease his clients' aggressiveness by rewarding them for Ans. D have agreed. set the exchange rates by which tokens can be earned for the specified target behaviors. 571 rewarded. hyperactivity and antisocial behaviors. 571-2 most violent sections of action movies. D a. mental retardation. nor turn in their homework on time.Rulon is helping a client address some marital problems. Fac b. 571 c. 571 into anger by commenting on her weight. C cooperative behavior with gold stars redeemable for their favorite treats and App activities. Once he has targeted the eating behaviors App p. p. establish an exchange system of items the adolescents would find rewarding. Arnold gives his aggressive clients mild shocks while they watch the p. Which of the following is MOST important for Jeff to do before implementing his plan? identify behaviors for which tokens will be taken away get parental permission to punish the children for misbehavior demonstrate how the plan works by engaging in participant modeling construct an exchange system that includes desirable rewards Manny has decided to implement a token economy for adolescent inpatients who Ans. behavior therapy. D supplies. response prevention Token economies were first successfully used in the treatment of Ans. a token economy. contingency management. Jeff wants to create a token App economy. establish the specific contingency rules that determine which behaviors will receive tokens. develop a contingency contract that each participant will sign before participating. share the class Ans. flooding c. severe depression. 571 M * he wants to reinforce. that the client will decrease aversive interactions by giving App his spouse one genuine compliment each day and will refrain from provoking her p. so he sets up specific rules about tasks or behaviors that will be p. B are in treatment for eating disorders. he should then a. aversion therapy classical conditioning. Jean-Claude uses and Arnold M uses ' a. schizophrenia. 400 . in writing. Rulon and his client Ans. covert modeling b. E d. M What form of treatment does this represent? aversion therapy participant contracting in vivo exposure contingency management Most of Jeffs students have not been able to work quietly. which he knows is an irritant to her. Serge is learning to control his App hypertension through the procedure known as p. Their improvements do not appear to be durable over time. biofeedback response prevention object relations Edouard is treating an alcoholic who has been charged with manslaughter as a Ans. biofeedback p. Veronica has given her client a pack of cigarettes that will give him a mild electric Ans. documented success of these methods. a green light flashes on the panel on Ans. with p. If Edouard wants his client to pair the image of a App mangled female body. what sort of behavioral therapy can ethically be used? in vivo aversive conditioning aversive contingency contracting imaginal desensitization covert sensitization Each of the following has contributed to the resurgent interest in behavioral Ans. b.Which of the following techniques could clients practice LEAST easily on their Ans. biofeedback. C Con p. What do token economy. 572 b. A treatment methods EXCEPT Fac a. c. The effects they produce are usually matched by the effects obtained through relaxation training. 401 . Ans. 572-3 M * b. Their basic principles derive from theories in cognitive psychology. the failure of medications to alter disordered mood. d. 572 b. aversion shock each time he tries to take one out to smoke. somatization therapy. sensory monitoring. their greater efficiency compared to other methods of treatment. nonprofessionals' ability to implement many of those methods. D result of his drunk driving. empty chair technique d. a. d. self-control contingency management Each time Serge lowers his resting pulse rate. and aversion treatments have in common? a. 573 the image of a drink in the client's hand. Veronica is using therapy to treat her client. the repeated. 573 b. B front of him and a pleasant tone is played. contingency management. biofeedback. Beck's cognitive therapy c. killed when the client struck her while driving drunk. p. They typically have only small clinical effects on targeted symptoms. c. B App p. A own at home? App a. 572 a. 16. D would characterize this depressed client's thought process as App a. irrational. the behaviors which preceded the poor grade. b. p. 573 M "People hate me. b. negativistic. independent b.102 If you agree with Ellis' RET. Sapna's App challenges to her clients' belief system indicate that she is MOST likely using p. the grade.98 Ans." says Edwin. catastrophizing. when your depressed clients describe their feelings. 573 b. D daughter.103 Ans. factorial To determine if his hug therapy relieves depression. ask them to try to challenge their own catastrophizing through homework. Ellis' rational emotive therapy. a. Beck's cognitive therapy. your emotional reaction is App caused by p. "They tolerate me while I am around and then laugh at me when I leave. a. B upset about receiving a poor grade on an assignment. No one will ever want me again. you will Ans. client-centered interpersonal psychodynamic rational emotive 16. 16. d. 574 a. C App p. if you are overly Ans. 575 c. their beliefs. help them to vent their feelings.16." Beck Ans. ask them to relive the most upsetting of the events. Hartman's ego analysis. Sapna asks her how she knows what she "should" be doing. b. Edwin's homework before his next therapy session is to speak to his acquaintances and think. your beliefs about what the grade means. and current and past events related to their depression. and Edwin is not able to give a confident answer. The therapy is the variable. A App p. c. 574 therapy." rather than thinking that people dislike him. your unconscious conflicts.100 Each time Sapna's client uses the explanation that she is "supposed" to be a dutiful Ans. C App MOST likely p. Emil randomly assigns clients to a hug therapy or no-therapy control group. 574 a. "they like me" or "I'd like to get to know them and they want to know me. Alexander's psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy." Edwin's therapist asks him how he knows this. pessimistic.101 According to Albert Ellis' rational emotive therapy principles. confounding dependent 402 . * 16. help them to see that it is their beliefs about the events that are most problematic. "I'll never find another person to love. c. perhaps with the empty chair technique. Edwin's therapist is MOST likely conducting a. ABAB design. it will decrease statistical validity. d. Fac b. 575 b.16. 16. c. A including attention to the role of the therapist's gender. meta-analysis. a. 575 either a male or female therapist. Ans. The number of questions asked by students during a discussion period was recorded. B App p. Warren believes that RET therapy is more effective for anxious patients than for depressed patients. Ans. she or he would today MOST likely use a Fac a. b. A than no treatment at all. outcome of the anxiety test prior to therapy. outcome of the anxiety test after therapy. both a and b 16.104 Ans. B App Mary measures her clients' anxiety with a written test and then randomly assigns them to receive one of three treatments.108 If a researcher wants to determine whether therapy is significantly more effective Ans. he is using either RET or Beck's cognitive therapy and is assigning p. type of treatment.105 Dr. no-treatment and a placebo control group. factorial independent randomized confounded 16. The instructor did not praise at all during the next session and saw questioning drop to the baseline level. 576 M * An instructor wanted students to participate more actively and decided to implement a classroom study. he provided RET therapy to a group of anxious and a separate group of depressed patients. placebo treatments may contain components of actual therapies. This is a(n) a. people in a placebo group rarely improve. p. 576 b. D App p. Measurement of irrational beliefs at the end of the study appeared to support his hypothesis. 403 . E d. temporary no-treatment group. The lack of a factorial design prevents any cause-and-effect conclusion. p. The dependent variable is the a. To create the various App conditions. p. then the instructor praised students for each question and recorded the number of questions. Afterward. multiple baseline design. she gives them the anxiety test again to see which treatment was most effective. Client variables may account for the results. B a. 576 c. placebo control group. This is an example of a(n) design. random assignment. 16. To test his hypothesis. 575 Which of the following might pose an alternate explanation of his results? He has a confounded research design that precludes any firm conclusion. placebo groups design. placebo treatments are only used for rare disorders.109 Ans.107 A researcher planning to use a placebo control group should be aware that Ans. The number of questions rose again the next time praise was instituted. either a or b 16.106 Dr. Whiteley is planning a study of therapy outcomes for depressed clients. c. C use of N=l research decreases validity. while the . the second week for promptness. 577 few clients will be involved. statistical validity. 577-8 b. multiple contingency management 16. randomized E c. statistical p. Con a.110 The administrators of a group home want to encourage residents to take their Ans. external validity. internal d. and the third. internal validity. D dissociative identity disorder. ABAB design b. a. external. statistical p. In other words. statistical. What cognitive treatment strategy is most effective for children diagnosed with conversion disorder? How can I evaluate my own therapeutic effectiveness? Given that my grant money has been cut 70%. B of validity EXCEPT Fac a. The administrators have utilized a(n) treatment design. C tableware to the sink after meals. multiple baseline design d. reliable E c.114 Dr. Mastrianni has submitted a research proposal for a study of the effectiveness Ans. 576 tableware. 576 treatment of generalized anxiety? C b. participant modeling c. internal 404 validity. how might I conduct valid therapy outcome research? 16. internal. leave for work on time. 577 b. N=l 16. A appropriate? App a. 576 b.111 Dr. B of Gestalt therapy for adolescent conduct disorder. for taking care of their C dirty clothes. statistical d. Klemknecht is presenting a report on his successful treatment of a client with Ans. the study may have low a.113 A therapy outcome study can be evaluated on each of the following dimensions Ans. external d.112 For which of the following research questions would N=l research be LEAST Ans. internal. design validity.16. What sort of research design does this represent? App a. and place dirty clothes App in their hampers. Is medication intervention superior to cognitive-behavioral therapy for the p. external 16. The first week the residents receive tokens for taking care of their p. experimental p. but not the others. external c. 16. During each week the selected behavior increased. A professional reviewer App believes that the study will be unable to detect the effect of therapy because too p.115 Random assignment to experimental groups increases Ans. meta-analysis. an experiment comparing treatments for anxious versus substance-abusing college students b. measure of clinical significance. analogue research. collaborative analogue study. twice as likely c. you would MOST likely App a. Aaron Beck 16.116 Ans. Carl Rogers p. 579 b.119 If you wanted to find someone to help you with an emotional problem and you read Ans. b. wait to see if you felt better without treatment. Hans Eysenck d. and Miller (1980). seek psychoanalysis. She will attempt to recreate what App would happen in an actual clinical setting. c. b. Martica is planning p. B to be better off compared to your friend who did not receive therapy. none of the above 405 . they should use a a. 16. beta-analysis. seek eclectic therapy. Joseph Wolpe c. multiple baseline design. six graduate students studying the effects of therapy met to discuss their findings. 579 M * After reading 10 research articles each. meta-analysis. a survey asking a representative sample to rate the effectiveness of treatments they received d. 16.118 Which of the following persons ushered in the modem era of psychotherapy Ans. They each came to a different conclusion. App a. and how they interpreted the outcome. 16. Glass. a study comparing treatments for anxious volunteers from the community versus anxious patients in a psychiatric facility c. A selected sample of individuals seeking therapy.121 According to Smith. d.120 Ans. Martica plans to have therapists treat a randomly Ans. how they evaluated the quality of the studies. if you receive therapy you are Ans. 578 C Which of the following studies would probably have the highest external validity? a. To help them summarize all of their conclusions. a clinician's multiple baseline evaluation of one client's response to therapy 16. D App p. no more likely d. four times more likely p. C App p. C outcome research? Fac a. 578 b. ask your physician for advice. behavior research. 578 a. A Hans J. depending upon which studies they chose.16. p. 578 b. Eysenck's conclusions about the effects of therapy.117 In her university laboratory. d. c. 581-2 b. possible. C participation in therapy? Fac a. 579 b. B Con p.D. about half as likely as it is for them to exhibit improvement c. rather than a four-year college degree.123 Ans. roughly what percentage of clients treated for less than 6 months experienced a "major improvement" as a result of therapy? a. clients' report of "major improvements" were related to the length of treatment. b. when they According to client self-reports in the Consumer Reports study. A App p.122 How likely is it that therapy clients will exhibit deterioration following their Ans. 579 Isabella is a psychotherapy client. the Consumer Reports evaluation found that a. but not very likely d. 40 16. she is in cognitive therapy rather than Rogerian therapy. none of the above According to information reviewed in the text. extremely unlikely 16.16. 90 30 20 In contrast to the Smith et al. systematic desensitization for specific phobias d.125 Ans. Beck's therapy for depression c. 16. her therapist is a psychologist rather than a marriage counselor. C Fac p. b. behavioral marital therapy p. clients reported greater improvement with either cognitive or Rogerian therapy than with psychodynamic therapy. her therapist has a Ph. before they begin graduate level training b. 579-80 C 16. after they have been working in the field for several years are involved in intensive training in specific therapy techniques d. D "well-established"? Fac a. clients who worked with professional therapists reported greater improvement than did clients of nonprofessionals. c. at which point are clinicians probably LEAST effective? a.127 Which of the following treatments is NOT among those described as Ans. dialectical behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder 406 . she receives medication in addition to the psychotherapy. about as likely as it is for them to exhibit improvement p. d. when they rely on psychodynamic treatment techniques 16.124 Ans. C Fac p. You would predict a more successful outcome for her if a. 580 b.126 Ans. 581 c. and other meta-analytic reviews of psychotherapy outcomes. think that random events are connected to you.130 Is it possible for a study to have statistical validity without also having clinical Ans.134 Ans. d. and/or control their behavior. therapists should try to be open and self-related. Sheila needs to develop a good working relationship with her App clients and also p. but a study can have clinical significance without having statistical validity.129 To find out if a treatment for anxiety has clinical significance. No. be assertive as well as high in private self-consciousness. help them understand their behavior. 407 . 583-4 a. A in therapy? Con a. utilize an eclectic treatment approach and a motivating interpersonal style.132 The common factors explanation of successful therapy suggests that Ans. No. 16. Yes.128 If Selma were to ask her clients at what point they began to feel better. foster clients' increased sense of self-relatedness and openness. C c. behavioral techniques are used in addition to other modalities. 584 b. transference is established. 16. about 8 sessions. she would most likely find that they see a change after Ans. d. understand your own emotions and thought processes.131 According to the specific processes explanation of the factors that influence Ans. clients and therapists must have similar personalities. B App a. E d. c. C success in therapy. B significance? Con a. agreeableness d. 577. * d. b. understand your relationships with others. d. ■'-. A a. c. a researcher might Ans. utilize specific therapy techniques to reduce emotional distress. 583 b. interview clients to see if the majority believe the treatment helped them. p. p. 16.133 Which of the Big Five personality factors is most clearly related to clients' success Ans. 584 E If you have the characteristic of self-relatedness. d. 16. about 2 sessions. conscientiousness 16. interview clinicians to see if the majority believes the treatment relieves M anxiety. M b. openness p. p. 581 b. the connection between client and therapist is the most important factor. measure whether clients' anxiety level is lower than before treatment. 584 c. p.83 b. you will most likely a. * c. me characteristics of the client and therapist are unimportant. Fac b. It depends on the level of internal validity in the study. accept their emotions. 16.16. compare clients' anxiety test scores to the test scores of people who are not App anxious. D a. c. extraversion c. B App p. that signal an attempt to keep unconscious material out of consciousness. Analysis of the transference: Given that the client will begin to interact with the therapist in ways that reflect earlier experiences with important figures. etc. patterns of forgetfulness. where the research results have been mixed. unconsciously-motivated) content. somatization. maintenance of professional demeanor.138 List and briefly describe the five basic techniques employed in psychoanalytic therapy. SES . 408 . are just better at relating to people.135 Ans. d.. and "accidents.African Americans more likely than European Americans. Clients often lie about feeling better in order to please researchers. avoidance of reactions that could diminish self-esteem. early establishment of a therapeutic contract. 16. Interpretation of everyday behavior: The therapist attempts to pay attention to all facets of a client's behavior. for persons of color. gender . SHORT ANSWER / ESSAY 16. however apparently innocuous they may appear.persons from lower SES groups less likely to seek therapy. nonprofessional therapists may appear to do as well as professionals for several reasons. clear communication skills. Dream interpretation: The therapist helps the client take the manifest (literal. with the therapist out of sight. however. the therapist helps the client recognize and work through these interactions to resolve the underlying issues. Professionals may oversee nonprofessionals. Sometimes "experienced" therapists may have only one year of experience more than "inexperienced" therapists. acting out. Strong personal commitment to and enthusiasm for the therapy. and no romantic or sexual interactions.137 Describe the characteristics of a therapist that foster the working alliance. 585 M According to David Orlinsky. Which of the following was NOT among the problems he identified in such studies? a. c. This is a tentative conclusion. regardless of training. to detect slips-of-the-tongue.children and adolescents less likely to receive therapy. Do these factors appear to be related to the success of therapy? Age . Some therapists. b. who in turn are more likely to receive therapy than Hispanic Americans and Asian Americans. and the therapist listens for patterns that may reflect unconscious conflicts. obvious) content of dreams and look beyond it to the dream's latent (more trathful. SES & ethnicity poor persons of color least likely to participate in therapy. These do not appear to be related to successful therapy outcomes. genuine concern for and interest in the client's well-being (probably the central factor)." Analysis of resistance: The therapist looks for patterns of defense mechanisms such as intellectualization.136 Describe the demographic characteristics related to a person's likelihood of receiving psychotherapy. Free association: The client is required to say everything that comes to mind without any censorship. A Fac p.16.women more likely to seek therapy. ethnicity . strong empathy. which may improve outcomes. 16. This then decreases external validity.g. it is often difficult to locate a sufficient number of clients with a particular kind of problem. empathetic understanding of the client's feelings and views. the notion that "placebo" connotes a short lived and/or trivial outcome is misleading.142 According to the wealth of research discussed in the chapter. Finally. resulting in low statistical validity for many studies. the nonspecific factors that probably still take place in such groups can create changes compared to no-treatment control groups.140 Describe the issues surrounding the use of placebo control groups in psychotherapy research.141 Describe the general tradeoffs between internal.139 According to Rogers. or behaving 409 . 16. random assignment of clients and training of therapists) tends to decrease the "real-world" quality of the study. Finally. what ingredients are crucial for successful therapy? The therapist's unconditional positive regard for the client. strong experimental control must be exercised. Too.. maximizing the likelihood that the independent variable and nothing else caused the results.16. 16. and congruence.. the extent to which the study's results generalize to situations other than those in the study. what factors) appeals) to be crucial for the success of therapy? a therapist's ability to establish a working relationship in which clients consider and. and statistical validity in the conduct of therapy outcome research. It is essentially impossible to create a wholly inert placebo group omitting all interactions considered important in all theoretical approaches. To increase internal validity. feeling. new ways of tliinking. given that participants in these groups will be denied potentially more effective treatment interventions. Ethical concerns must also be addressed in the use of a no-treatment and/or placebo control group. genuineness. external. 16. some researchers ethically object to such use. in some way attempt.e. This control (e. i. Which of the following would be most helpful? a. D App p. views individual therapy as useful and effective 410 . social. however. therapeutic contracting. 590 opportunities that therapists be required to treat some people for free. interprets facial expressions as indicators of emotional states * d. successful. defines himself in ways that emphasize independence and autonomy p. She suggests a resolution Ans. individual psychotherapy c. b. proposes that the town may need to concern itself more with employment and inexpensive housing to decrease individuals' stress that can cause those disorders. People may not have the funds to pay for therapy. A town council member claims that homelessness is becoming a problem because people do not seek help for their mental disorders. Therapists are not widely available in rural and poorer areas. explains others' behaviors on the basis of social roles M c. primary prevention d. Louis MOST likely recommends the alternative because it is App generally more p. People may hesitate to discuss their problems. 591 a. C psychotherapy. Which of the following would be LEAST likely to describe a client if he were a Ans. 590 E Lydia's husband was diagnosed with schizophrenia after several months of bizarre behavior. couples therapy b." says Mitzy. 591 b. 590 a. D therapist. E b. A psychologist. reliable. structured. The psychologist is recommending primary prevention.Chapter 17 ALTERNATIVES TO INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOTHERAPY 17. It tends to overemphasize clients' competencies. B member of a Western culture? App a. psychosocial rehabilitation Louis has suggested that his client begin an alternative to individual Ans.1 Ans. psychosocial rehabilitation. "I don't understand why people who are having problems don't just talk to a good Ans. This view of psychotherapy may be problematic for each App of the following reasons EXCEPT p. the paradoxical directive. A App p. a. 593 reconsider his position.11 Vinny disagrees with the group therapist when the therapist suggests that he Ans. The word that is LEAST descriptive of the psychological wellness orientation is Ans. B App increase p. recapitulation. based on a diathesis-stress model. 591-2 a. 591 M Alton. Alton hopes to each student's sense of independence and self-initiative. cohesiveness. b. giving incentives to cognitive-behavioral clinicians who locate their practices in your community. * d. B appears to have some unresolved feelings of betrayal toward his father. ignores scientific research that fails to document the effectiveness of such group-based interventions for children. is essentially a form of psychosocial rehabilitation. 411 . c. Alton's plan a. halfway houses. easily accessible. D psychological problems is inexpensive. B orientation. 17. a school superintendent. A community action group wants to ensure that help for people with Ans. consensuality. proactive. is based on the developmental group model of treatment. d. E b. based on a cognitive-behavioral approach. A a. secondary prevention programs such as Head Start.17. treat clients within the humanistic/phenomenological framework. encouraging more students to study psychology at the graduate level. and culturally App acceptable. ignores differing cultural views of psychological processes. group interventions such as family therapy and self-help groups. p. diagnose psychological disorders early and properly treat them. Fac b. you would expect that they would App a. able to provide treatment to people returning from World War II. create programs that encourage psychological health. prevention. E d. You should recommend that they focus on p. Vinny begins to p. is implementing a classroom-based program to enhance elementary school children's academic performance. This group process is known as a. attempt to step in and make people well once problems are identified. etc. social.6 Ans. A Con p. App when the other group members share a similar observation. 592 b. However. more cost-effective for insurance companies who covered mental health problems. 592 c. c. p. resulting in greater self-esteem and better grades. 592 d. If a group of psychologists tell you that they have a psychological wellness Ans. pathology. M c. Group therapy became popular several decades ago because it was Ans. universality. D Fac p. * Miranda has kept her eating disorder secret for over two years. which group process probably underlies all others? Ans. altruism d. empathy. Mateo may be able to advise others and see that he has good ideas. Each provides an opportunity for members to provide role models to one another. Group members often model appropriate behavior. cohesiveness. A surprised and relieved to discover during group therapy that she is not alone and App that several other people understand her distress and fears. and instilling Ans. She was Ans. b. anxiety disorders are more successfully treated. His Ans. A process similar to each of these is found in individual psychoanalysis. 594 E a. Early family conflicts may be symbolically recreated and explored. universality. the therapist probably will not challenge Mateo. Group members often free associate. Fac b. 593 c. According to many therapists. cohesiveness What do the group processes of altruism. c. and recapitulation. empathy c. Which of the following processes is NOT considered essential to the success of Ans. c. 593 b.12 Mateo has an anxiety disorder and is trying to decide on a type of therapy. In what way is group therapy similar to psychoanalysis? Ans. the therapist's interpretations will be more accurate. consensuality. Another reason group therapy p. instilling hope universality interpersonal learning cohesiveness 412 . d. universality. p. D a. C therapist recommends group therapy because she believes Mateo may open up to App people who have the same problem as he does. Sharing experiences shows clients that they are not alone. 593 b. 593 the group process known as a. Each encourages group members to support and praise each other as well as C to challenge and criticize each other.17. C hope have in common? Con a. This is a function of p. 593 may be more helpful for Mateo than individual therapy is that in group therapy a. B group therapy? Fac a. d. p. M d. interpersonal learning. interpersonal learning p. They are less strongly related to group outcomes than are consensuality. she became extremely depressed. d. b. a couple. E d. You might advise your friend that App a. p. heterogeneous. B group is App a. 594-5 group will be run. C found a group for people experiencing depression but is unsure what to expect. C a. meet with therapists separately but each is addressing marital problems. are in conjoint therapy.An example of a group fulfilling prophecy is Ans. group members are honest in their reactions. group therapy is generally less effective than individual therapy. Chris reacts to another group member much in the same way he reacts to a M member of his family of origin. and the leader will be responsible for offering therapeutic interpretations and suggestions. be heterogeneous. App b. Ito lost her teaching job. Ito that her group will MOST likely p. group members do not have any preconceived expectations about what will p. the group directs most of their interactions toward the therapist father than toward each other. homogeneous. and he is. 594 a. E c. M b. Your friend is considering entering group therapy for her substance abuse Ans. are getting divorced and want it to be amicable. Marcia has just joined a cognitive-behavioral therapy group. Brett won't go to a group if he doesn't believe it will be fulfilling. Ms. Darrin thinks the group therapy will not be helpful and it is not. * c. 594 b. If Kristen and Jose. group therapy is more successful when clients know beforehand how the p. Del's group expects him to be more assertive. d. go to see a therapist together. this means that they Ans. have 6 to 12 members. a cognitively-based group is more effective than a client-centered group. Marvin's Ans. App b. d. the sessions will be about two hours long. After Ms. App You could tell Ms. b. variegated. Marcia's group will Ans. use the psychological wellness approach. 595 happen or what they should do. Ito Ans. A problem. each have a mental disorder requiring treatment. 413 . p. the group minimizes members' tendencies to recapitulate their early family experiences. p. Marvin joins a group in which everyone is trying to quit smoking. 594 c. B be more successful if App a. have sessions lasting about 30 minutes. hypnotic. D a. 595 c. A to emphasize therapy. In her work with couples. who is considering a divorce from her husband p. have a behavioral exchange contract. B assumptions about the other's actions. he will later listen attentively when she tells him about App her day later. the relationship itself Maureen and Sam have an agreement that if Maureen leaves Sam alone to read the Ans. strategic. all of the above Which of the following is MOST likely to be considered the primary client in Ans. emotionally focused b. structural 414 . Moira. emotionally focused. 595 b. emotionally focused p. A App p. 596 aggravate her but may be too upset to speak. 596 a. Erika. 596 b. the spouse who has a DSM-IV diagnosis p. Elise and Ernesto's therapist is training them to change their automatic Ans. structural family A therapist is suggesting to a couple that the husband's aggressive behavior may be an unconscious defense against fears of abandonment that are rooted in early Ans. insight-oriented d. have a therapeutic contract. the wife E c. who is an alcoholic c. The two of them p.For which of the following clients and her/his partner would a clinician be likely Ans. 596 b. * a. both disturbed spouses * d. cognitive-behavioral c. App a. insight-oriented d. Iola is a Gestalt psychotherapist. The therapist has suggested to Elise that App when Ernesto grows quiet and won't respond to her that he may not be trying to p. cognitive-behavioral c. cognitive-behavioral. D marital therapy? Fac a. C paper when he gets home. D to recommend the use of couples therapy? App a. 595 b. b. you would expect her Ans. who is diagnosed with major depression d. family conflicts. Jerry and his spouse's therapy is most likely a. insight-oriented. Orrin. are in insight-oriented couples therapy. This example suggests that Elise M and Ernesto are in therapy. are in emotionally focused couples therapy. behavioral therapy. 597 likelihood of significant immediate benefits. communication training insight into unresolved unconscious conflicts a focus on emotional expression and intimacy Ms. he reminds himself that Snyder et al. Firouzbasch is a behavioral therapist who specializes in the treatment of Ans. While it is sometimes very exhausting to Ans.'s App comprehensive outcome review suggests that of every 10 couples will p. they should choose a. 2 d. cathartic emotional expression p. c. p. strategic therapy. one would predict App that of every 10 couples she has treated will relapse or will be divorced. which of the following processes appears to Ans. 2 Anton and Isabelle are considering conjoint therapy. 5 to 6 * b. d. D App p. 598 b. D work with troubled couples. M a. individual psychotherapy. C couples. a self-help enrichment group. 5 c. Oto 1 According to available empirical data. A the greatest chance of long-term success. Their main concern is that they will spend App time and money on therapy and end up divorcing after a few years anyway. insight-oriented therapy. behavioral therapy. 597 a. 596 a. Which of the following issues will App probably be endorsed by the greatest number of participants? p. 597 divorce in the four years following treatment. b. understanding and resolving persistent emotional conflicts c. exploration of the subjectivity and ecology of partners' actions 415 . If they want to maximize the Ans. 3 to 4 c. 597 Their therapist should recommend a. insight-oriented therapy. B perspectives that they have found most useful. 4 d. p. Lance is an insight-oriented therapist.A group of marriage therapists is discussing the techniques and theoretical Ans. negotiated solutions to specific problems d. 7 M b. If her clients are typical of those studied thus far. B be MOST important for the long-term success of conjoint therapies? Fac a. behavioral exchange contracts b. any of the above A couple tells their therapist that they want the type of therapy that will give them Ans. 598 a. 598 E Their therapist tells them that. 598 b. circular causality. Amy. d. ecology Con b. 416 . is the only family member who merits a DSM-IV mental disorder diagnosis. D collection of individual members but a coherent system of integrated App participants. c. contrary to popular opinion. This situation might have caused stress for Joe. might have been temperamentally difficult as an infant and young child. systems p. subjectivity dynamism ecology A family therapist explaining systems theory to clients tells them that each person Ans. recapitulation d. b. 598 a. subjectivity. The child who is told to work App more on homework may see that suggestion as a criticism of his intelligence while p. Sixteen-year-old Gerald is a family therapist's identified client. which caused Lillian to discipline her frequently. D Gerald App a." What principle is this theorist addressing? p.Allison's anxiety disorder improved enough for her to return home from the Ans. App her therapist probably suggested p. behaviorism. Ans. is the family member that the therapist will target for intensive treatment. B hospital. The therapist is explaining the principle known as a. parents are not automatically blamed for a child's problems. This means that Ans. is hyperactive and sometimes oppositional. p. Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three? Ans. is the primary cause of his family's dysfunction. group therapy. b. circular causality Lillian and Joe's 13-year-old child. B has their own view of what happens in a situation. subjectivity. case management. The therapist is giving an example of ecology. circular causality. 598 c. a paradoxical directive. 598 the mother may believe that she is only showing concern and love. who in turn was not as patient with Amy as he otherwise could have been. A systems theorist was overheard explaining that a family "is not simply a Ans. is the means by which the family enters systems treatment. C a. therapeutic contracting. Amy. for example. consensuality b. After this happened twice. family therapy. but once there Allison's symptoms returned. A App p. economy. and Ans. teach the Grady parents to be consistent in their discipline. p. p. a. C App p. tells a client to increase a problematic behavior. 598 b. C communication and dominance patterns in her family. Therefore. App and its circular causality. behavioral b. the therapist is App MOST likely to recommend p. tells a client the opposite of what the therapist believes to be true. psychodynamic structural paradoxic An example of the paradoxical directive is when a therapist Ans. 417 . E d. A therapist who endorses p. who has been diagnosed with dependent personality disorder. c. a. that is disordered. 598 therapy is MOST likely to have made this statement. b. 599 c. B blamed for causing his family's problems when it is actually the family process. 599 M * her parents are having difficulty dealing with her defiant behavior. individual therapy with a cognitive-behavioral therapist. As a result. The therapist is probably a family therapist. What would a strategic family therapist identify as the family's central Ans. She is also failing 10th grade and has alienated both of her younger siblings. group therapy for Andrea. behavioral family therapy. Stephanie has been diagnosed with conduct disorder. Ans. emphasize the exploration of subjectivity in family interactions. ask the children to act out more than usual.17. 598 years. Stephanie's mother has been App diagnosed with major depression and has been hospitalized twice in the past three p. is being Ans. D this therapist will MOST likely App a. asks a client to act out the role of another family member. 598 a.42 The Grady's family therapist operates from a behavioral perspective. Celine throws a temper tantrum whenever she is asked to do household chores. A problem? a disturbed family process Stephanie's conduct disorder the mother's severe depression both b and c Esteban. structural family therapy. behaves in a manner that is contradictory to clients' expectations. encourage the expression of unresolved emotions. B a. d. Fac b. family ecology structural family behavioral family heterogeneous systems A therapist hypothesizes that Andrea's eating disorder is a reflection of disturbed Ans. The therapist tells Celine to throw more tantrums and follow even fewer of her parents' directions. "If I thought a therapist would help me without charge. a self-help group. 600-1 through the same thing. p. 599-60 C Ms. psychodynamic * d. d. She expects that the focus of treatment will shift from the identified client to the family system. 600 b. A App p. about four times more about two times more no more slightly less Your friend's family is going into therapy together. psychodynamic techniques are used. She expects that the intervention will reduce the circular causality present in the family. According to Szapocznik's study. Ramirez has issued a paradoxical directive to one of her clients. the therapist is of their ethnic group. d." she tells you. She thinks that the client will recognize the control he has over some of his symptoms. client-centered individual psychotherapy. Which of the following outcomes is NOT expected by this family therapist? a. strategic family techniques are used. p. humanistic M c. psychosocial rehabilitation.17. Twyla has little money and feels completely alone since the break up of her Ans. b. I might think App about it. A App p. Which type of therapy Ans. B to therapy for Hector's dmg abuse. D approach would you recommend? App a. group therapy. Rodrigo and his family have received an invitation App participate in an experimental. 600 b. c.48 Ans. a self-help group. homogeneous group therapy. 600 Rodrigo's family is likely to enter treatment than is Hector's family. "but really I mink I need to talk to someone who has gone p. a. Enrique's family will be more likely to go into Ans. encouraging the client to exaggerate his depressed symptoms for one week. 41 8 . D marriage. c. behavioral Viola has joined an organization in which people dealing with cancer share ideas Ans. self-help and bibliotherapy p. strategic program for Rodrigo's dmg abuse. Hector and his family have received a standard invitation to participate in family Ans." You should suggest that Twyla try a. a selfhelp program is used. 600 and support each other without help from a therapist. Viola is participating in a. B treatment if Fac a. She believes she will be in a "win-win" situation regardless of outcome. community therapy. a structural support group. deinstitutionalization. Wunnand will be less likely to remain in long-term inpatient App care for each of the following reasons EXCEPT p. single-purpose group. social disturbance group. none of the above Wunnand is a schizophrenic patient. Pete joined a self-help group for individuals who are overweight due to Ans. B compulsive eating. This is a type of App a.54 Ans. 601 M * Brent. impersonal warehouses. primary prevention. C prior to the 1960s. p. reduced homelessness. conjoint therapy. empowerment. decreased the number of inpatients. Virgil is a gay male who is participating in a self-help group to deal with the Ans. His group will exhibit the basic processes of cohesiveness and altruism. The community mental health center movement has Ans. M b. 602 plea for a. C App p. 602 c. 601 b. hospitals' unwillingness to provide long-term care. b. reduced unemployment. interpersonal learning and consensuality p. whose sister is schizophrenic. c. lifestyle organization. Fac b. A a." You recognize this as a p. lifestyle organization. We need to treat people where they App live. c. As you are reading a book. * c.17. E d. 602 a. According to outcome research. the wide availability of outpatient community treatment. B hospitals are big. App This is a type of p. rather than shut them away from the community. psychosocial rehabilitation. what basic group process(es) is(are) responsible Ans. significant-other organization. you come across the following quote: "Mental Ans. habit disturbance group. He will give and receive information about schizophrenia. 601 b. altruism and instilling hope d. specific-purpose organization. d. 601 a. the growing interest in psychosocial rehabilitation. 419 . p. D for the success of self-help groups? Con a. b. the availability of effective antipsychotic medication. cohesiveness c. increased the number of inpatients. Which of the following is LEAST likely to occur? a. A economic and social discrimination he faces as a result of his sexual orientation. His group will be focused on relatively heterogeneous problems. He will pay no fee for participating in the group. Compared to patients receiving treatment Ans. d. is joining a self-help group for the first time. S. medical doctors.17. they should include p. C schizophrenia compare to those for cancer? Fac a. Ans. c. 602 b. 603 a. 603 b. Costs for schizophrenia exceed those for cancer. 10 p. D greater risk than a non-disordered peer to experience App a. community-oriented health professionals. the community health centers will be cheaper and more effective poor. 4 Gary is 42 years old and has been schizophrenic for twenty years. What do the National Alliance for the Mentally 111. Based on results in the U. 602 b. To make official mental App health plans for their state. Costs for schizophrenia are about the same as those for cancer. about of them will probably be unemployed. 7 c. For every 10 Ans. Costs for schizophrenia are about half those for cancer. family therapists. premature death. people's lives will be improved although costs will not be lessened good. people's lives will not be improved poor.61 You are visiting a country with an extensive public mental hospital system and have Ans. 420 . 602 b. community-oriented clinicians. C been asked what would happen if they created community mental health centers and App closed the hospitals. A and self-help groups have in common? Fac a. d. b. a commitment to strategic family communication therapy c. B to empower local people with severe mental disorders. criminal victimization. App a. p. 5 d. physical illness. a commitment to psychosocial rehabilitation p. how do the overall costs of Ans. you would predict that it is a p. p.. an interest in supporting greater deinstitutionalization d. an interest in supporting primary intervention in the community The National Alliance for the Mentally 111 and a local self-help group would like Ans. all of the above According to evidence presented in the text. c. the hospitals provided better individual therapies Rhonda is a case manager at a community mental health center. 602 idea because . B schizophrenic clients she sees. behaviorally-oriented health professionals. Costs for schizophrenia are roughly double those for cancer. He is at Ans. d. a. good. 603 a. therapeutic contracting. p. and coordinates efforts of other mental health professionals and her family. Matt tells you that his dad is participating in psychosocial rehabilitation to help Ans. Billy Ray should p. receive regular home visits from a medical doctor. severe depression. 421 . 604 a. Matt's App not sure that it will really do any good. * b. D rehabilitation program. C positively and getting to work early. and communicate with others. behavioral contingencies. psychosocial rehabilitation. If she is a participant in a psychosocial Ans. for whom will education about her disorder be provided? App a. and will have to report on her efforts to her App support group. diversion tactics. d. the local community Keisha lives in d. regularly use the skills he has learned if the training continues for at least 6 months. not generalize any of his training to the home environment. has been receiving medication. B transportation. A returning. so he asks you what you know about the p. live on his own. agreed to work at thinking Ans. and Ans. For his App psychosocial rehabilitation to be complete. C him return home after his hospitalization for posttraumatic stress disorder. c. communication training. d. family therapy. Katja and her group are using p.Zelda. 603-4 JoAnne is MOST likely receiving M a. You can tell Matt that his dad will probably M a. 604 program's effectiveness. be as likely to relapse but his hospitalizations will be briefer. struggling with chronic substance abuse. Keisha has chronic. Keisha p. 603 b. 604 a. Her case manager has helped her to get an apartment. as Matt fears. JoAnne has learned how to recognize when her obsessive-compulsive disorder is Ans. Katja. * b. c. a job. community diversion therapy. empowerment. be involved in a selective prevention community program. all of the above Billy Ray knows the symptoms of his schizophrenia and is able to use public Ans. secondary prevention. Zelda has been completely dependent on the institution for her daily care and has never felt in control of her life. receive regular home visits from a psychologist. psychosocial rehabilitation. individual psychotherapy. who is 26. C group therapy in a mental hospital since she was 16 and is now due to be App released. financial App aid. strategic community reintegration. b. be given a case manager to help him get the services he needs. secondary prevention interventions. What Zelda needs most is p. b. Keisha's family c. benefit from the program and will need to stay in it for 2 years. less likely to have a relapse requiring hospitalization.Monty is in an ACT psychosocial rehab program. 6 months 1 year 2 years permanently In a student's report on the factors that led to the rise of community psychology Ans. Jacobsen describes himself as an analyst of social systems. what approach M is he endorsing? * a. structural b. 605 young adults trying to establish independence from their family. the Community Mental Health Centers Act c. she will probably be told that she should App remain as an active participant in the program for at least to avoid p. Ifhewereto Ans. 605 b. b. distrust of traditional psychotherapy p. C about her disorder and her treatment. communal 422 . 605 b." App What type of psychologist would he be? p. civil rights movement d. family systems psychology c. 605 a. B understand the interacting factors that can cause or prevent mental disorders. a. Monty will probably be described by App each of the following outcomes EXCEPT p. helping to Ans. community interpersonal tertiary Dr. D drop-in center program. and Emil is participating in a Ans. Compared to Emil. cultural App glamorization of extreme thinness. A 1965? Fac a. interactive d. A analyze eating disorders as an interaction of an individual need for control. more likely to maintain stable community housing. 604 rehospitalization and psychological deterioration. 604 a. none of the above When Ahulani begins her psychosocial rehab program and is given information Ans. deinstitutionalization A psychologist describes himself as "an agent of social change. community psychology p. ecological b. D in the 1960s. structural c. which of the following should be omitted? Con a. psychological wellness programs d. and an increasingly competitive job market for p. the introduction of effective antipsychotic drugs Which social approach to the prevention of psychopathology was established in Ans. much more likely to be active in his treatment program. 606 c. 605-6 make a living wage and that lead them to frustration and aggression. We should encourage movie producers to avoid the excessive use of violence in movies and to portray domestic violence in an unfavorable light. c. training. 605-6 c. 606 officers. ecological perspective p. p. C her depression is App a. psychosocial rehabilitation Dr. primary is to tertiary. a. universal prevention. indicated prevention. Ans. Con b. quaternary prevention. quaternary prevention. B large-scale change in the hiring. Haslam's work is a type of research. The city App is hoping to reduce the incidence of race-related complaints lodged against its p.If you were a community psychologist and you were trying to understand Ans. 423 . Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three? Ans. We should provide education to senior high school students to help them learn effective coping skills in the place of violent acting out. secondary prevention. action research d. D App p. tertiary is to secondary. c. We should more carefully identify persons with tendencies toward aggressive acting-out and offer group treatment for them and their spouses. secondary is to primary. Indicated prevention is to selective prevention as Ans. selective prevention. A a. C violence in families. M d. b. We should change the economic systems that make it difficult for people to p. Ichabod's program is an example of a. Haslam is helping a local municipality evaluate the effectiveness of its recent. you might make each of the following statements EXCEPT Con a. p. Ichabod can see that students in his 3rd grade class who live in the housing project Ans. primary prevention. He proposes a school program to help them with homework and allow them to socialize with positive role models. d. secondary prevention Con b. M b. c. d. D a. 606 b. tertiary is to primary. Dr. 606 M * are having more school difficulties and are more likely to drop out later than other students. d. community action primary prevention systems A program that tries to lessen the number of problems Ellen experiences due to Ans. and review of police officers. tertiary prevention. p. E d. Gary is a preschooler participating in Head Start. B a. increasing Gary's academic success. c. effective social policies for the elimination of poverty * d. 606 b. Fac b. and promoting empowerment is primarily interested Fac in prevention. M b. primary secondary responsive A psychologist who focuses her work on the fostering of secure attachments. television ad campaigns to discourage young adults' illegal substance use M c. teaching effective problem solving. 606 a. He is less likely to exhibit delinquent behaviors by age 15 than is a boy from a control group. community support groups for parents who have a history of abuse in their own childhoods 17. He is more likely to be in an age-appropriate classroom at age 12 than is a boy from a control group. A Study. 17. changing environments. He is more likely to graduate from high school than is a boy from the control p. Ans. D prevention approach to the encouragement of secure attachments for infants? Con a. decreasing Gary's hyperactive behaviors. D prevention program will be successful in App a. c. 607 groups. promoting empowerment. both a and b 42 4 . p. 608 b. decreasing Gary's antisocial behaviors. tertiary b. He will report that his parents' discipline strategies did not really change after the study. 606-10 a. school-based parenting classes for all high school students p. p.88 The Teen Outreach Program is an example of prevention gained primarily by Ans. this would reflect a kind of prevention program. 607 c.If a community psychologist were to emphasize the prevention of heart disease Ans. C enhancing stress-coping skills. d. secondary primary selective Which of the following interventions is LEAST representative of a primary Ans. p. which of the following characteristics would probably NOT apply to him? App a. enhancing stress-coping skills. social E b.89 If Ryan were a participant in the treatment group of the Montreal Longitudinal Ans. Research indicates that this Ans. B through mass-media campaigns and school-based programs beginning in junior App high school. 15 years old. a white female who has been sexually abused d. D problem identified in Widom's study of adolescent and adult violence. create community-based support groups for parents and children to reduce the likelihood of family violence. C week performing community service. indicated prevention b. 609 a. its use of controls for group differences in SES. its sample size. Nate. Fabio is interested in developing a prevention program to address the central Ans. its longterm prospective design. responsive Brett. Dr. and has had to work to repay the costs of App repairing the house he vandalized. B behavior is noteworthy for each of the following reasons EXCEPT Con a. enhancing students' stress-coping skills c. a. Terrell. A App p. 606. encourage increased opportunities for. 425 .8 c. 609 M * is MOST likely to a. Shara.91 Diversion programs are an example of prevention. which of the following abused children is MOST likely to be involved in delinquency in adolescence? Ans. 608 a. b. promoting students' sense of community According to Widom's prospective study. spends 8 hours each Ans. universal Con b. teaching students effective interpersonal skills d. a white male who has been severely neglected b. c. its experimental methodology. encourage the implementation of television and magazine ad campaigns that promote empowerment of disenfranchised youth. B a. changing school environments b.17. a white male who has been physically abused Widom's study of the relationship between childhood abuse and adult criminal Ans. selective p. p. indicated d. empowerment diversion judicial reassignment Pauline is a community psychologist who believes that putting learning disabled Ans. d. Brandon. p. 608 C * children in "special" classrooms leads to a self-fulfilling prophecy in which these students come to see themselves as different and inferior. Dr. 609 b. c. Ans. B App p. Brett is in a(n) _ _ _ _ ^ _ program. a black male who has been physically abused c. jail diversion programs for first-time offenders. Fabio App p. Pauline would probably advocate as a means of preventing this outcome. d. is attending a class on anger management. and use of. design educational programs for elementary school children that enhance their ability to cope with academic and social stressors. by social Con rejection and social skills deficits. Yes. 611. by emphasizing secondary prevention through services targeted toward violent families or families in which a parent has a severe mental illness 17. B that have widespread effects on development? Fac a. empowerment p. safety d. As you design a prevention program. 613 b.102 D<e. p. 33 E c. if constitutional handicaps are not addressed in a program. 612 b. A phobia and avoidant personality disorder that are caused. C % of the U. Yes. 17. factorial synergy." the continuity principle. App a. they can simply foil to demonstrate positive outcomes. if the risk factors in the study create their own ecologies. Melvin Wilson. how might psychologists better serve the so-Ans.101 Suppose you were a community psychologist interested in the prevention of social Ans. by tailoring individual psychotherapy to the psychological needs of specific E minority groups c. in part. autonomy c. A community psychologists believe that her sense of will be promoted. D programs can actually have negative consequences? Fac a. 612 b. emotional difficulties constitutional handicaps According to Dr. by actively helping them develop the ability to obtain tangible resources d. 20 p.S. the "domino theory. if only a single factor is addressed in a program. C called urban underclass? Fac a.Margo is an active participant in her neighborhood watch program. the shifting of risk factors across developmental stages. 50 * d. resilience Which of the following general domains is NOT included among the risk factors Ans. Fac a. c. educational context E c. As a result. 611 b.3 would want to consider each of the following factors EXCEPT a. ecological context p. Yes. population by the year 2050. 17. you p. No.mogjraphic estimates suggest that people of color will comprise almost Ans. Ans.100 How would Dr. 60 426 . by making more frequent referrals to social workers p. 610 b. Melvin Wilson respond to the question of whether prevention Ans. 17. Which of the following cautions is LEAST likely to be applicable to this effort? a. program planners App intend to capitalize on existing strengths and traditions. and how can these be minimized? b. principle of empowerment. b. 614 M Wangari is developing a multifaceted primary prevention program to reduce the prevalence of eating disorders in teenage females. Her well-funded research may be difficult to replicate in other community settings. What factors are associated with relapse for individuals with substance abuse disorders. B reestablish their communities and their lives. 427 . d. universal prevention principle. continuity principle. c. 613 b. tertiary c. responsive d. they will p. primary p. What academic and interpersonal problems cause the development of substance abuse problems in adolescents? How is parental substance abuse related to adolescents' likelihood of substance abuse and school drop-out? How can community-based halfway houses and other residential treatment programs utilize the continuity principle for the treatment of substance abuse? 17.105 Which type of prevention strategy is MOST likely to be developed as a result of Ans. 613 follow the a.104 Ans. Waters is part of a multidisciplinary effort to help devastated flood victims Ans.103 Dr.106 Ans. which of the following questions is he MOST likely to be addressing first? a. B App p. The choice for primary intervention is probably less appropriate than a choice for a selective prevention program. secondary 17. 613 C If Thuc is conducting research in a Prevention Intervention Research Center. principle of augmentation. A App p. In other words. D a PIRC research study? Con a. The females who participate could represent a group that is already at lower risk than the general population. The education involved could inadvertantly foster a self-fulfilling prophecy. 17. In order to do so. it is much more difficult to do so when several group members give similar feedback. Group cohesiveness: often seen as a necessary precondition to the other processes. and clients with already established skills can serve as role models for others. what type of therapy and therapeutic focus are most likely to result in long-term success for couples in marital therapy? Insight-oriented therapy. and to express negative as well as positive interpersonal feelings and challenges as well as support.108 According to outcome research. Consensuality: while an individual client might discount a therapist's perceptions and feedback. cohesiveness is the result of group members' willingness to be committed to the group. Interpersonal learning: in the safe group atmosphere." and are less guarded and secretive. understanding and resolution of persistent emotional conflicts. increasing their own feelings of efficacy and self-esteem. to maintaining and/or exacerbating other members' behaviors. 17. to participate actively. clients become less concerned about being "crazy. these therapists view Has family process as the client." or family member who is labeled as the disordered individual. not simply negotiation of solutions to specific contemporary problems.107 Describe five of the factors that therapists identify as essential elements in group therapy. Sharing new information: groups benefit not only from the expertise of the leader but also from the experiences and knowledge of other group members. raising the client's own expectations for positive outcomes.109 How do structural family systems therapists define a "client"? While there may be an "identified client. Universality: finding out that they are not alone in their experiences or feelings. Recapitulation of the primary family: clients interact in ways that symbolically recreate aspects of interactions with their family of origin. clients can learn and practice new social skills. allowing an opportunity to explore lingering effects of early experience. in circular causal fashion. Instilling hope: clients can observe the changes and successes of other group members. 428 . The family is not seen as a collection of components but as an integrated system. Altruism: group members can help each other. each member contributes. Regardless of which member's behavior prompted the family's entry into therapy.SHORT ANSWER I ESSAY 17. 17. family members. Efforts at change should be directed to social systems. 17.17. Primary prevention is the central goal. Most important (these are arguable. because members can observe the successful coping/understanding that other members exhibit. coherence of student rationale should be taken into consideration): sharing of information.111 What are the four common components of psychosocial rehabilitation? Patients' understanding of their own disorder (psychoeducation) Identification and learning of day-to-day living skills and of the potential impact of their disorder on others with whom they interact Case management A coalition among clinicians. interpersonal learning. and able to participate actively in the group process. recapitulation of the primary family. home). although listed in conceptual priority. at both local and broader levels. because members should feel safe. universality. and physical aspects of the environment. committed. A person's behavior is the result of interacting economic. school. Rather than treating already-existing disorders (equivalent to tertiary prevention).g. because members discover their experiences are not bizarre nor are they alone in struggling with their issues. instilling hope. because the group exists so that members can help others. This reflects an ecological perspective (similar to family systems theories). social. because much of the group's purpose is to help educate its members about the specific problem that brings them together.112 What four primary principles guide the thinking and research of community psychologists? 1. 429 . and patients 17. Interventions should take place in the actual settings in which individuals conduct their lives (e. altruism. in which environments and/or individuals are changed in order to counteract risk factors or to reinforce protective factors so that development of disorders is avoided altogether. work. and why? Probably not important: consensuality. the emphasis for these psychologists is on proactive prevention.110 Of the eight basic processes hypothesized to be important for the success of therapy groups. cohesiveness. not individuals. which ones are probably NOT important in the functioning of self-help groups? Which two would you consider MOST important in self-help groups.. with supporting arguments: Encourage secure attachments and reduce family violence.113 Suppose you wanted to design a primary prevention program aimed at reducing the prevalence of adolescent substance abuse. Change environments (e.17.. No modal response predictable.g. peer groups. availability of housing). Drawing on three of the five general strategies used in such programs. Enhance empowerment. Answer should include 3 of the following 5 issues. describe how you might accomplish your goal. school system. Teach more effective coping skills for dealing with stressors. 430 . Teach children effective problem solving related to cognitive/academic and interpersonal functioning. who is not menially disordered but has committed multiple gruesome murders." A psychologist is addressing the central issues associated with ethical. you could point out that Americans spend about 1 of every days in hospitals for mental health reasons.Chapter 18 LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN MENTAL DISORDERS A friend believes that mental disorders are uncommon and that less money should Ans. d. D a. who has agoraphobia that is causing severe dysfunction in her family M and could be successfully treated with a few months of therapy. 618 affect everyone in society because in the U. D of mental disorders. 4 b.000 20. p. a. M a.000 allocated for health care should be assigned App to mental health care. 618-9 the safety and comfort of the general population? b.000 they should plan to spend on mental p. B deciding how much of me $100. "I can't see why I should be concerned with mental illness when no Ans. C one I know has that sort of problem. but more importantly mental disorders p. 618 health care. To counter your friend's idea. 618 E be spent on psychological research. Dolly.000 Rolf says. Of $100. a." about $100 billion is spent for mental health care every year." * b. most criminals have mental illnesses." use of the insanity defense accounts for 10% of all legal costs every year. economy on a small scale. c. This professional would be LEAST likely to ask Con a. who has schizotypal personality disorder and spends most of his days App wandering downtown streets shouting warnings of the apocalypse. Heinz." You could reply. Merrill. What should mental health professionals do when asked to give expert opinions in legal forums? What should be the role of laws and law makers in regulating mental health care? How should psychologists and psychiatrists decide what to charge for their services? Which of the following persons can be involuntarily committed to a hospital? Ans. "Perhaps a friend or App relative is affected without your knowing it. about $15 billion is spent for mental health care every year.S. They are Ans. Which is more important. legal aspects Ans. the independence of people with mental illnesses or p. 619-20 b.000 10. 5. S. A App p. 7 10 14 A high school class is recreating the U. none of the above 431 .000 50. Dr. public schools are responsible for maintaining safety by prohibiting students' possession of potentially dangerous objects. 620 to think that the law would make clients uneasy about talking to their therapists. Megargee is testifying before a state committee on mental health laws. We should allow people with mental illness to mm down treatment. therapeutic jurisprudence parens patriae teleological right to treatment Mira's family and her former therapist believe she is so depressed that she is a Ans. informed consent. C the rights of an individual should always be upheld because everyone has a App constitutional right to maximum freedom. 620 a. people who have a mental disorder should be allowed to make most of their M own decisions. Mira's family plans to get a legal order for her to receive App inpatient treatment if she will not resume therapy willingly. 432 ." M Melody's comments show that she has a perspective. Edna says that Ans. civil commitment. "A law may be the fairest way to balance the rights of society with Ans. the Durham rule. B danger to herself. therapeutic jurisprudence. c. C suggest that App a. therapeutic jurisprudence. b. That legal order is p. Melody says.Two friends are debating the rights of individuals versus society. 619 citizens from dangerous individuals. legal internment. 620 b. A person who agrees with the parens patriae tradition would be most likely to Ans. p. Ans. Laws allowing civil commitment should be repealed. p. certification. 620 Megargee's view is most similar to that of a. but how will a client feel when he or she realizes the App potential limits on confidentiality associated with the Tarasoff decision? I'd hate p. B Megargee suggests that the committee's job is not only to weigh rights but also to App determine if a potential law will be helpful or harmful to individual clients. A the rights of the individual. treatment for mental disorders should focus on family therapy approaches. effective parenting requires training. Deinstitutionalization should be achieved at all costs. We should legally require confidentiality. an assertive outreach orientation. Dr. On which other central issue of rights C * expressed by Edna would Troy disagree? a. Dr. Troy says that states should protect p. d. 620 c. who was diagnosed with multiple personality disorder. d. C likely to be in favor of App a. Walter. At what point will Samuel be released? a. could not be treated with a less restrictive alternative. he is MOST Ans. Therefore. the Ans. Dion's lawyer legally claimed that the order should be p. legal proceedings have been started to return her to the hospital.11 Ans. Dion was not improving. appropriate treatment was available at the proposed facility Javier believes that deinstitutionalization is a good idea. 620 M It is 1953. Dion was involuntarily sent to a state mental hospital because the state showed Ans. Because her hallucinations have led her to harm others. when the judge who confined him no longer considers Samuel a danger to himself or others c. A a. least restrictive alternative Jamila. c. 620 b. A App p. has taken her medication infrequently since her release from the hospital. attacked a police Ans. competence to stand trial Con b.18. C that he had a mental disorder. an assertive outreach orientation would be used at the facility civil commitment. D App p. has the funds to pay for her treatment. is a danger to herself. when his physician decides that treatment is no longer needed b. strong bias against psychiatry p. was a danger to himself. psychodynamic treatment was available at the proposed facility legal confinement. 620 overturned because a. 620 E officer. 433 . Dion was not a danger to others. In order to succeed in . the state also needed to prove that . civil commitment. a. Later. less restrictive treatment was available. p. when a less restrictive treatment setting is available d. integrated case management would be used at the facility civil commitment. 1960s social reforms d. and Jamila refuses to go to treatment regularly. after Samuel complies with prescribed treatment and feels ready to return home Which of the following descriptors does not belong with the other three? Ans. and Samuel has been committed to a state psychiatric hospital. inpatient treatment. legal confinement. diagnosed with schizophrenia. B App p. To force her to go to the hospital. outpatient treatment. is criminally insane. 620 M * state must also prove that Jamila a. and the hospital could App treat him. The state showed that Walter needed to be restricted to a nearby facility for the safety of the public. the hospital was overcrowded. managed care systems. 620 a.Avila is a patient in a state mental hospital. p. and general hospitals are treating many of those patients. decreased. a large number of criminal defendants using the insanity defense 434 . p. B Fac p. and the number of patients admitted to all types Fac of hospitals for mental health care . p. decreased increased. 620-1 a. more Dr. less shorter.22 Ans. What year is it? App a. 7% increase During a class debate. 30% increase * c. 620 b. more b. A state mental hospitals . specialized treatment units. 1955 c. but they are staying for longer periods of time. fewer people may be coming in. 620 a. remained the same Sanura was first hospitalized in 1967 for bipolar disorder. By the late 1980s. 1970 d. Her ward is overcrowded because the Ans. his report in 1988 would reflect a in those admissions. it has resulted in which of the following unintended consequences? a. less shorter. a substantial increase in the number of civil commitment procedures d. In particular. 13% decrease d. a significant decrease in all forms of inpatient treatment b. the average daily number of patients in Ans. increased b. Szulc is responsible for keeping track of all types of hospitalizations for Ans. 30% decrease M b. 1948 p. equal. private psychiatric facilities. Bob says that deinstitutionalization has been a success Ans. App You may best counter his argument by correctly stating that p. Compared to Dr. inpatients currently in state hospitals are more seriously mentally ill than were 18. longer. a large number of "criminalized" patients c. decreased increased. 1979 Between the late 1960s and the late 1980s. 620 a. B number of patients is higher than it is has ever been. Ans. B mental health care. all of the above Deinstitutionalization has failed to fulfill its early promise for the mentally ill. M b. Szulc's report to his state health App commission in 1969. C because the number of inpatients in state hospitals has so dramatically decreased. decreased. D Sanura is likely to be hospitalized for a(n) period of time and to be App frequently admitted for hospital treatment. 620-3 earlier patients. E b. two thirds b. about one third may not be able to work unless their severe mental disorders are M under control. creation of safe havens outpatient commitment for dangerous individuals assertive outreach Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three? Ans. A citizens. assertive outreach and integrated case management. D care for homeless persons recommended by the NIMH task force. B a. safe havens Con b. one third d. Franklin is a mental health professional who has implemented the system of Ans. You could reply by saying that p. one fifth A city task force is meeting to discuss means by which to help their homeless Ans. What is her App first activity? p. 43 5 . D few decades? Fac p. they have App proposed p. VA hospitals d. B clients and help them make arrangements for benefits and services. 622 a.In which of the following settings has deinstitutionalization taken place in the past Ans. both a and c What percentage of homeless individuals are estimated to suffer from severe mental illness? Ans. 621 a. integrated rehabilitation b. d. Ms. 621 E a. private psychiatric hospitals c. C Fac p. Ramona is essentially right. Vondria is essentially right. 621 E a. the ALI and McNaughton rules. c. health maintenance organization p. Ramona suggests the homeless just need jobs. homelessness If state legislators have decreed that mental health workers seek out homeless Ans. but Vondria says they are App all crazy so no one would want to hire them. a managed care system. one half c. public psychiatric hospitals b. 621 a. integrated case management E d. therapeutic jurisprudence. about two thirds may not be able to work because they are alcohol or drug abusers. 622 c. 18. b. refer him or her to a mental health agency.29 Ans. D the following reasons EXCEPT App a. A find a person with a severe mental illness or substance abuse disorder? Con a. equally likely to be arrested as someone who is apparently not mentally ill. in a VA hospital * d. mentally ill person for each of Ans. force him or her into a psychiatric hospital. b. She has been diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. committed to a hospital with a court order. Officer Zayas is unlikely to hospitalize a disruptive. Scott is a police officer who is trying to decide how to deal with a homeless Ans. b. c. arrested and put in jail. where are you MOST likely today to Ans. b. arrest the person. 623 a. 623 sufficiently dangerous. D person who is schizophrenic and also creating a public disturbance. Scott has the App right to p. 620. committed to a hospital without a court order. the hospital often refuses to accept such persons because they are not p. C Con p. According to Teplin's research. returned to his family. discourage the use of civil commitment for mentally ill homeless persons in favor of half-way houses. in community-based outpatient services 436 . Because John appears mentally disturbed he will App MOST likely be p. emphasize housing options over the use of safe havens. 622 C A person who emphasizes a. 623 a. but she hasn't received treatment in years. d. Based on information provided in the text. less likely to be arrested than someone who apparently has no mental illness. he cannot commit the person without judicial or family consent. all of the above Hettie has been living under a railroad trestle and is known in the community for her abnormal behavior.3 b. a state or county psychiatric facility M c. 623 likely to be forced into psychiatric treatment. B App p. Hettie is a.parens patriae approach to reducing the problem of homelessness would probably a. see institutionalization as less preferable to continued homelessness. the hospital does not provide the kind of treatment needed for the person's disorder. * c. John was walking on an interstate highway and was very nearly hit by cars several Ans. M b. C times before the police arrived. Ans. more likely to be arrested than someone who apparently has no mental illness. the arrest process involves less paperwork and red tape than does hospitalization. not object to the bundling of services in the integrated system of care. in local jails p. danger to others E c. Which of the Ans. 624 b. Jasper is appearing before a judge who will decide whether or not he requires Ans. 624 b. on what grounds might the therapist p. guilty but mentally ill Judge Storey is weighing the pros and cons of ordering outpatient commitment for Ans. p. forensic b. 624 or his decision. noblesse oblige parens patriae patient privilege Saivatore has been involuntarily committed without a court order. Nakagawa's therapist believes that he is in need of inpatient treatment for a Ans. 624 a. If their state laws have been changed recently to make App involuntary commitment somewhat easier. Should the patient be forced to take his psychotropic medication? Does the community provide treatment that will be effective for this patient? Is the "dangerousness" criterion more important than the "disability" criterion? 437 . 624 succeed in hospitalizing her client? a. it is not possible for Saivatore to be detained without a formal court order. C courtordered civil commitment? Fac a. Will the therapist be liable if this patient acts out aggressively? b. The client refuses to take his prescribed medication. B a mentally ill. Which of the following is unlikely to occur? App a. M b. This is an illegal situation. The client is unable to care for his basic daily needs such as grooming and eating. Which issue is probably MOST difficult for App the judge to resolve? p." a type of logic. He can be held for only a few days before a hearing must be held. A involuntary hospitalization. C illness and grave disability. c. Jasper will have already been formally assessed by a mental health professional. The judge will rely primarily on the criterion of dangerousness in making her p.Mr. none of the above Which of the following criteria is MOST frequently used as a basis of Ans. He is mentally ill and in imminent danger of causing himself harm. B severe mental disorder. Tavianni has hospitalized his schizophrenic client under the criteria of mental Ans. A law enforcement official made the decision for Saivatore to be hospitalized. c. p. Jasper will have a lawyer representing him who is able to call and * cross-examine witnesses. gravely disabled d. d. This approach is sometimes called the "thank-you App theory. D following descriptions is INCORRECT? App a. The client is an excessive burden to his family. none of the above Dr. danger to self p. 624 a. deteriorating patient. S. c. p. A substantial number of patients have chosen to invoke this right. if it is an emergency situation in which Tamisha is an imminent danger to herself or others if the psychiatrist included the medication in his treatment plan presented to the court at the time she was committed if she refuses to cooperate with the rules and regulations of the treatment unit none of the above Anselmo is refusing to take his prescribed lithium while he is a patient on a Ans. * d. p. d. D means that she has a right to App a. He will probably eventually be court-ordered to comply with treatment. He is part of a noncompliant group that comprises about 20% of patients. d. Dr.45 Ishi. M c. C a. receive effective treatment rather than simply be confined. The process of ensuring mis right is expensive and time-consuming. Romeo and Washington v. right to refuse treatment p. Which of his concerns has been shown to be MOST valid? App a. p. C treatment. c. D a. p.S. be treated under conditions of informed consent. Tamisha is refusing to take the medication prescribed for her by her psychiatrist Ans. d. 625 M conditions can she be forced to take the medication? a. accept or refuse treatment as she sees fit. be involved in any treatment decisions made for her disorder. 625 b. 438 . informed consent for treatment Fac b. They helped establish criteria for the determination of competence to stand trial. Harper have in common? Ans. They helped set minimum standards of care for all states in the U. TSouvas was wary of the 1980s1 push for patients' right to refuse psychiatric Ans. recognize? Ans. The psychiatrist can insist on Anselmo's compliance as long as he is involuntarily committed. The need for psychiatrists in inpatient settings has declined. Which of the following is a CORRECT statement? App a. This Ans. Hospital wards have become chaotic and dangerous because of such patients. All states recognize this patient right. c. 18. 625 b.Which of the following rights does every state in the U. an involuntarily committed patient. B psychiatric ward. A while she is a patient in a state mental hospital. They helped identify the legal limits recognized in regard to patients' right to refuse treatment. Under which of the following App p. They helped establish the requirement that therapists break confidentiality to Fac protect potential victims of violent clients. 627 b. 625 c. 625 b. is insisting on her right to treatment. minimal standards of care d. both b and c What do Youngberg v. 8 b. Delaney was hospitalized following his assault on a police officer while Mr. rights of mentally retarded criminal defendants. His prison sentence would have been shorter than was his involuntary commitment. standards of treatment. O'Connor v. City of Cleburne. His right to has been violated. Donaldson : rights of nondangerous patients Con b. adequate medical care Which landmark case marks the Supreme Court's willingness to hear arguments Ans. p. Delaney was in a delusional state.S. Regents of the University of California c. Rouse v. 627 b. 627 b. v. the right to receive visitors d. Oklahoma : rights of mentally ill criminal defendants * Which of the four conditions of civil commitment is MOST specifically addressed Ans. informed consent 439 . treatment Mr. Which of the following standards of her treatment Ans. a least restrictive setting due process competent commitment The experiences of Nicholas Romeo at Pennhurst State Hospital set the precedent Ans. treatment availability d. B for Fac a.47 Ans. 627 c. c. D about the constitutional rights of a civilly committed mental patient? Fac a. 620. Tarasojfv. least restrictive treatment p. Romeo : standards of treatment C d. Cameron : right to refuse treatment p. A App p. 627 b. Inc. . Texas d. C is NOT recognized by each state in the U. Marisa is a committed patient. rights of nondangerous patients. a safe environment p. Cleburne Living Center.. freedom from unnecessary restraint c. A in the Supreme Court case won by Kenneth Donaldson? Con a. 627 a. Youngberg v. Ake v. d. which involved nothing more than confinement. Romeo p. B a. the right to treatment. Youngberg v. Donaldson Which of the following cases and legal rights are mismatched? Ans. O'Connor v.? App a. presence of mental illness c. Sarah. 628 suggest that Felicia a. Werner. 629 be executed M b. D in her neighborhood. Lois violated p. Soon she received a notice stating that she did not App have the education and training required to use that title. p. ethics laws. will. he was not delusional when originally sentenced will not. C has become delusional and no longer understands why he is being held nor what App is going to happen. will. Harry Ans. Felicia tells you she is worried that her home price will drop. who is suffering from borderline personality disorder and is a danger to himself d. 628 a. Lois began advertising her Ans. 630 a. The state most likely execute Harry. file a petition signed by the neighbors with the state. c. Ten years later. A services as a psychologist. both a and c After getting a bachelor's degree in psychology. you should p. Thomas is a young man living in poverty who has been accused of murder. who because of his mental disorder does not understand why he is to p. App and she wishes the city would do something. 440 . A carried out? App a. 629 a. certification laws. His Ans. the McNaughton rule. who was mentally ill at the time of her offense and has been successfully treated c. privilege laws. he has a right to treatment For which of the following prison inmates would a sentence of execution not be Ans. He will be committed for treatment for one year before his case is heard in court. he cannot be executed if he is considered incompetent at the time of execution. M b. he doesn't understand what the death penalty is for will not. D family insists that he is severely mentally ill. he was not delusional when he committed the crime b. ask the city to require group homes to locate only in certain zones. If found guilty. d.Felicia heard that a group home for people with mental retardation would be placed Ans. He will be provided a state-funded psychiatrist to serve as an expert witness. both a and b Harry was convicted of murder and sentenced to death. Benny. ask the city to impose a special permit process for establishing such homes. According to the text. Which of the following rights is App extended to Thomas? p. b. because . do nothing to prevent this event. should not have told them. c. privilege Con b. a therapist and client. Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three? Ans. Haile told her therapist that her boyfriend knew she Ans. 630 c. client-therapist contract p. nontraditional professionals are being economically disadvantaged. 630 a. confidentiality E c. C except in certain prescribed cases. confidentiality 44 1 . should have told them only if Haile lives with them. In each state of the U. The court MOST likely will App a. p. force Sonya to reveal the contents of their conversations. these laws should include confidentiality issues. practice regulation laws ethics and confidentiality laws malpractice and training laws Dr. privilege d. Haile was App shocked later in the week when her parents knew about it. b. recognize the conversations as privileged. 630 b. b. recognize the conversations as confidential. like some other practitioners. B had a sexually transmitted disease from a previous relationship. A therapy practice. licensure and certification laws E b. p. Fac b. the therapist M a. 630 c. because it is a breach of confidentiality. censure During couple counseling. a parent and child. force Pastor Upton to reveal the contents of their conversations. ethical obligation p.. A a. both a and c Dr.S. It is alleged that Sonya Ans. What is the term for this protection? App a. a minister and parishioner. Sonya is on trial for the murder of her husband. 630 b. d. App he questions whether p. A a. d. C from charlatans and unskilled professionals. D confessed her guilt to Pastor Upton. Horvat agrees that certification and licensure laws may protect individuals Ans. However. privilege exists between Ans. 630 therapist was right to call them. Before Dr. but they said the p. what types of laws App does he have to know and comply with? p. Horowitz has just completed graduate school and is ready to start a private Ans. According to your text. such laws should specify the parameters of "effective" therapy. federal protection only M d. 630 a. states that do not have such laws are putting their citizens in danger.Dr. d. should have told them only if they are paying for the therapy. Galtberg is legally protected from disclosing information about his clients Ans. should not have told them. c. because of the Tarasoff ruling. Horowitz can start his practice. 18.65 In 1996, a Supreme Court decision was made that was very important to the area Ans. D of legislation and mental health. This case ensured the protection of confidential Fac communications between a therapist and a client in federal cases. What was the p. 630 name of the case? a. Tarasojfv. Regents of the University of California O'Conner. v. Donaldson Carter v. Altress Jaffe v. Redmond Dr. Redcloud is a psychotherapist treating a client who is involved in a court case. Ans. C Under which of the following conditions will their confidentiality be legally App protected? p. 630 a. if the legal charge involved in the case is a misdemeanor rather than a felony b. in any case heard in a U.S. state court in any case heard in federal court when the case does not involve abuse of a minor or other violent offense In her first session with each client, Dr. Fuhr describes the nature of Ans. B confidentiality and her commitment to maintaining this aspect of the therapy App relationship. However, there are some limitations to confidentiality, and these p. 631 include each of the following EXCEPT M . a. the client is imminently suicidal and will not agree to hospitalization that Dr. Fuhr deems necessary. the client reports that she/he is currently buying and using illegal substances. the client is abusing a child or a disabled adult. the client includes her/his mental condition as part of a court case, and Dr. Fuhr is called as a witness. Dr. Natchez has a new adult client diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Ans. C Under which condition below might Dr. Natchez be required to breach App p. 631 M * client-therapist confidentiality? a. if his client claims that his abusive parent has broken the law in the past b. if his client claims that he knows that a friend or acquaintance has committed murder c. if his client indicates that he is abusing other people d. if his client threatens to terminate treatment prematurely Dr. Serano is treating an admitted pedophile. When treatment ends, Dr. Serano Ans. A plans to testify in court about the client's mental state. Why is this permissible on App legal and ethical grounds? p. 631 a. Dr. Serano is conducting a court-ordered psychological evaluation. b. Pedophiles are a menace to society and have forfeited their legal rights. It was first permitted in past cases such as the Ake v. Oklahoma that set this precedent. It is not permissible; it is a serious breach of confidentiality. 442 According to your text, in cases such as Tarasoff \. Regents of the University of Ans. B California what issues are the court systems weighing against each other? Fac a. the importance of a client's safety against the right of society to see justice p. 631 done M b. the importance of a client's right to confidentiality against society's interest in protecting itself from danger c. the importance of a victim's right for safety against the client's right to fair treatment d. the importance of a victim's right to see justice done against the client's right to confidentiality Which of the following descriptions does not belong with the other three? Ans. D a. "The protective privilege ends where the public peril begins." Con p. 631 M * b. Confidentiality must be broken when a client intends to harm another person, c. The Tarasoff decision set the precedent for the breaking of confidentiality when a client is potentially dangerous to another person. d. Therapists are ethically required to directly warn intended victims of their client's intentions. Dr. Berler's client has indicated that she intends to shoot the woman with whom Ans. A her husband is having an affair. What must Dr. Berler do at this point? App a. take whatever action is necessary to protect the intended victim p. 631 b. call the intended victim and warn her of the client's intentions c. seek voluntary or involuntary commitment for her client d. inform the police of the client's intentions Why was John Hinckley, Jr.'s psychiatrist not held liable for damages when his Ans. B client attempted to assassinate President Reagan? Fac a. He had been able to get his client to undergo voluntary hospitaliaation, but p. 632 Hinckley later carried out his plan. M b. The laws of his state did not require that he take steps to protect the client's victim. He took the step of informing the President's Secret Service, but the attempt was not be prevented. He had excellent legal representation and successfully defended himself against the Tarasoff requirement. Dr. Payne is facing a problem with a certain client of his. This client has been Ans. B convicted in the past of spouse abuse, and has recently expressed a high level App anger directed toward his wife and children. What is Dr. Payne's dilemma? p. 632 a. deciding whether he should refer his client for appropriate medication b. predicting whether this client will be dangerous in the future deciding how to protect himself from a future malpractice suit should his client file one in anger deciding how to circumvent legislation requiring him to report his client to the police so that he can deliver more effective treatment 443 18.75 Ans. C App p. 632 M * Ramone is trying to predict the dangerousness of one of his clients. Which of the following factors will enhance his accuracy? a. Ramone is a licensed, doctoral level psychologist rather than a bachelor's level social worker. b. Ramone attempts to predict the client's dangerousness in the next 2 weeks rather than in the next year. c. Ramone receives information about his client's history of violence. d. all of the above Dr. Aram, a trained psychotherapist, is dealing with a client who may be Ans. A potentially dangerous. Based on empirical findings, what are his chances of App predicting this client's future level of dangerousness compared to a layperson's p. 632 chances? E a. about the same b. much better c. only slightly better d. worse Dr. Lutece believes his schizophrenic client with paranoid delusions may become Ans. D violent toward his family at some point. Each of the following factors App complicates Dr. Lutece's ability to accurately predict this behavior EXCEPT p. 632-3 a. the relative rareness of dangerous behavior in the general population. b. Dr. Lutece's desire to avoid a false negative outcome. limited knowledge about the client's day-to-day environments. research evidence that suggests Dr. Lutece's predictions are not better than those based on chance. Dr. Jacobs' San Diego mental health practice has not been affected much by the Ans. A Tarasojfv. Regents of the University of California case. According to your text, App why may this be so? p. 633 a. Dr. Jacobs was breaking confidentiality to warn victims or the police before M Tarasoffv. Regents of the University of California happened. Dr. Jacobs' practice deals with common mental health problems, and because Tarasoff dealt with marginal cases, his practice is not included in its requirements. Potentially dangerous clients have become much less likely to seek treatment knowing that their confidentiality may be jeopardized. Dr. Jacobs works only with adolescent clients and is therefore exempt from breaking confidentiality when clients threaten others. In order for a family to successfully sue Ms. Richards for failing to prevent the Ans. B suicide of their mother, each of the following elements must be present EXCEPT App a. Ms. Richards must be shown to have violated a standard of care in treating p. 634 their mother. M b. Ms. Richards' was not a member of the APA and thus was not bound by its * ethical principles. Ms. Richards' negligence must be shown to be the cause of the mother's suicide. Ms. Richards and the mother had to have been in a special professional relationship. 444 Dr. Vasquez is facing a malpractice suit. Which of the cases below is LEAST Ans. D likely to be the one he is facing? App a. failing to prevent a client from committing suicide p. 634 b. failing to inform individuals of potential harm posed toward them by a client E c. engaging in sexual intimacy with a client as part of her treatment for sexual dysfunction failing to correctly diagnose a comorbid substance abuse disorder in a severely depressed or anxious client Which of the following events did NOT occur during the 1960s? Ans. B a. an increase in the number of malpractice claims against psychologists Fac b. the Tarasoff decision p. 620,31,34 c. reforms in state civil commitment laws d. increasing numbers of public mental hospital patients being discharged Which of the following does NOT necessarily belong with the other three? Ans. A a. client suicide Con b. violation of standard of care p. 634 c. sexual contact with client d. malpractice What percentage of mental health professionals report having engaged in sexually Ans. C intimate behavior with a client? Fac a. less than one percent p. 634 b. over twenty percent c. two to ten percent d. eight to fifteen percent Which of the following therapists is MOST likely to commit the offense of having Ans. A sexual contact with a client? App a. Mitch, who has done so previously p. 634 b. Laura, who has done so previously c. Ricardo, who has not done so previously d. Melba, who has not done so previously Dr. Calderon saw a client for a few sessions while she was dealing with grief over Ans. C the loss of her mother. Sometime later, Dr. Calderon and the former client ran App into each other at an art museum, and they began dating shortly thereafter. p. 635 According to current APA guidelines, at least must have passed between M the termination of therapy and their romantic relationship. * a. 6 months b. 1 year c. 2 years d. It is not ethically permissible to have an intimate relationship with former clients. 445 18.86 Ans. B App p. 635 E Nancy has engaged in sex with her psychotherapist. Which statement below is the most likely to be FALSE? a. The therapist is putting his own needs before Nancy's, b. The increased level of intimacy has increased the effectiveness of the therapy. c. The therapist will find it difficult to be objective while making judgments about Nancy. Nancy's therapist is being exploitive. Which of the following cases is NOT likely to be a target of a malpractice suit Ans. D regarding repressed memory therapy? App a. A therapist helps a client remember abuse that occurred when the client was 9 p. 635 months old. M b. A client recalls her childhood sexual abuse after two years of intensive hypnotherapy. c. A therapist uses sodium amytal to help a client recall her history of sexual and physical abuse that occurred at age 8. d. none of the above If you were a therapist, what factor below would have the greatest regulatory Ans. A impact on your practice? App a. third party payers p. 636 b. ethical standards E c. regulatory legislation, such as Tarasoff and other state cases * d. malpractice suits 18.89 What factor is MOST likely to determine the standards of care that therapists are Ans. B expected to follow today? Con a. court decisions p. 636 b. third-party payers c. malpractice suits d. ethical standards Carolyn is a member of a managed care system. Her insurance company pays a Ans. C set fee each month for each of its members for mental health care. In other App words, Carolyn's insurance company is participating in a system. p. 636 a. fixed-cost b. flat fee capitation utilization Who conducts a managed care system's utilization review of therapy? Ans. D a. a client's therapist Fac b. a therapist's clinical supervisor p. 637 c. an independent mental health professional hired by the company E d. a case manager who is typically not a mental health professional 446 18.92 Your health care service utilizes a capitation plan. What type of treatments will Ans. B this plan MOST favor? App a. thorough assessments that inform careful therapy planning p. 637 b. medications and short-term therapy c. insight-oriented psychotherapy d. 20-session cognitive-behavioral therapy You are a therapist, and you have committed an ethical violation. What type of Ans. A violation is it LEAST likely to be? App a. practicing in an area in which you are not competent p. 637 b. a breach of confidentiality c. sexual intimacy with a client d. a dispute over financial matters Dr. Smith has been found guilty of the ethical violation of having a sexual Ans. B relationship with a client. Which of the following consequences is NOT App associated with this violation? p. 637-8 a. public reprimand b. an arrest forfeiture of his state licensure expulsion from the APA Although the practice is controversial, it is estimated that psychologists and Ans. B psychiatrists provide expert witness testimony in % of all federal civil trials. Fac a. 5 p. 638 b. 8 c. 15 d. 22 Dr. Jackson is testifying in a trial in which an individual is being evaluated for Ans. D involuntary hospitalization. Dr. Jackson is a psychologist. App a. civil p. 638 b. community c. litigation d. forensic Which of the following psychologists is MOST likely to charge rates of $300 to Ans. C $400 per hour of service? Fac a. a psychodynamic therapist providing individual therapy p. 640 b. a clinical psychologist conducting a complete psychological evaluation c. a forensic psychologist providing expert testimony d. a forensic psychologist providing inpatient treatment to a defendant deemed criminally incompetent 447 18.98 Shara's attorney is wondering if Shara adequately understands the nature of the Ans. C judicial proceedings she is about to undergo. The attorney is concerned that App Shara is not really able to participate in her own defense. In other words, the p. 640 attorney questions her a. criminal culpability. legal state of mind. competence to stand trial. sufficiency for judicial review. If a defendant's mental state is an issue in a court case, it is necessary to first Ans. B determine before raising the question of Fac a. intelligence; competence p. 640 b. competence; insanity c. the adequacy of the McNaughton mle; the Durham rule d. wrongfulness; mental defect 18.100 Ans. D App p. 640 E * 18.101 Ans. D Fac p. 640 E . Mr. Lawrence is evaluating whether his mentally disordered client is competent to stand trial. Mr. Lawrence could consider each of the following issues EXCEPT a. Can my client consult meaningfully with me as I prepare this case? b. Does my client understand what will happen during the trial? c. Will my client be able to participate meaningfully in his own defense? d. Does the client understand the wrongfulness of the crime? Which court representative is responsible for raising the question of criminal competence? a. the defense attorney b. the judge c. the prosecution d. any of the above 18.102 Ans. B App p. 640 E Mr. Padgett has been found incompetent to stand trial. What will happen next? a. Mr. Padgett's court case will be dismissed, and he will be committed for indefinite treatment. b. Mr. Padgett will be involuntarily committed to a forensic hospital unit until such time as he can stand trial. Mr. Padgett will be assigned a special advocate who will work with the defendent and his lawyer throughout the trial. Mr. Padgett will be evaluated according to the ALI mle, and the prosecution will determine whether the case actually proceeds to trial. 18.103 Ans. A App p. 640 a. 7 Dr. Elsley is a forensic psychologist specializing in the treatment of defendants found incompetent for trial. If her results are similar to those found in the research literature, she can expect that at least of every 10 patients will ultimately be found competent. 5 4 2 448 18.104 Who is ultimately responsible for deciding a defendant's sanity or insanity? Ans. A a. the court Con b. a clinical psychologist p. 640 c. a forensic psychologist E d. any of the above 18.105 Which of the following persons does not belong with the other three? Ans. B a. Archie Brawner Con b. Prosenjit Poddar p. 640 c. Daniel McNaughton E d. Monte Durham 18.106 James is accused of attempted murder. If his sanity is being judged against the Ans. C first legal rule established in the mid 1800s, the court will focus on James' App a. inability to participate effectively in his own defense. p. 640-1 b. cognitive and volitional appreciation of the criminality of his action. c. failure to understand the wrongfulness of his crime as he committed it. d. diagnosable psychopathology leading to an inability to inhibit criminal actions. 18.107 Ans. D App p. 641 M * 18.108 Ans. B Con p. 641 b. Durham "Due to bipolar disorder symptoms of psychotic severity, my client was unable to distinguish right from wrong when she stole large sums of money and purchased several firearms and explosives, believing she needed to protect herself from her enemies." Which rule(s) for assessing insanity is(are) reflected in this statement? a. ALI b. McNaughton c. Durham d. both b and c A psychiatrist is testifying in relation to a criminal defendant's insanity plea. This expert witness asserts that the defendant has a severe mental illness that caused the criminal action. This evidence is MOST critical to the rule. a. mens rea McNaughton ALI 18.109 Nena is a second-year law student. As she learns about the insanity defense, she Ans. C will find that the rule is virtually never used today. App a. McNaughton p. 641 b. GBMI c. Durham d. ALI 18.110 Which of the following represents a CORRECT chronological ordering of the Ans. D primary standards used to define insanity? Con a. Durham : McNaughton : ALI p. 641 b. McNaughton : ALI : Brawner c. the product test : ALI : Durham d. McNaughton : Durham : ALI 44 9 18.111 Carter was a defendant whose attorney entered a plea of insanity in Carter's 1980 Ans. A manslaughter case. If Carter's case was heard in a federal court, the rule App was used. p. 641 a. ALI b. McNaughton Durham IDRA 18.112 "While my client had a dim awareness that her assault on her sister was wrong, Ans. B she was unable to control her actions due to her psychotic mental condition." App This defense attomey is addressing the test of insanity. p. 641 a. Durham b. ALI mens rea McNaughton 18.113 Although a study in Wyoming found the public believed that the insanity defense Ans. C was used in about of all criminal cases, its actual prevalence is . Fac a. one third; 1.0 percent p. 641 b. one quarter; .01 percent c. one half; .005 percent d. one half; 3.5 percent 18.114 Ms. Strickland is an attorney considering the use of the insanity defense for her Ans. D client. How would you advise her? App a. She will probably be most likely to win such a case if the defendant p. 641 committed a violent crime after discontinuing psychotropic medications. M b. She should only recommend this if her client has the funds to pay for a very * expensive defense process. c. She should pursue this only in a federal court where experts can forcefully persuade the jury by giving a clear opinion about the defendant's insanity. d. She is extremely unlikely to win such a case and should carefully consider other options. 18.115 Erik has just been judged NGRI. Which of the following is LEAST likely? Ans. A a. Erik is much more likely to be rearrested or rehospitalized after his release App than is the average criminal. p. 642 b. Erik will be hospitalized for a longer period of time than will an NGRI C defendant who committed a less serious offense. c. His presiding judge will use more stringent criteria in deciding his release than the release of a civilly committed patient. d. Erik was held to the standard of the McNaughton rule rather than the ALI rule. 18.116 Which of the following characteristics is MOST clearly related to potential for Ans. B violence? Fac a. serious mental illness p. 642 b. active psychotic symptoms c. lowSES d. borderline intellectual functioning 450 Mason. 642 b. 643 b. Jr. Which of the following issues is LEAST likely to complicate your deliberations? a. B the insanity defense. 18. all of the above 18. in its IDRA revision. c. Experts offer opinions of a defendant's past state of mind and present dangerousness that may be no better than those of a layperson.18. c.117 Which of the following persons is able to use and can afford to pay for an insanity Ans. A Miyoko has been found GBMI in her criminal trial. The burden of proof moved from the prosecution to the defense. she will receive treatment before being placed in the general prison population. D defense? App a. the Durham rule guided the jury's deliberations. Which of the following is NOT among them? Fac a. The use of the GBMI verdict was expanded for use in cases where the M insanity plea was not raised. Benito. a lower-class Italian American male d. d. Letisha. You are skeptical of the conflicting expert testimony presented by psychiatrists and psychologists.119 Ans. b. Experts were prohibited from giving any conclusions about a defendant's sanity. You realize that the defendant may not receive adequate treatment due to hospital overcrowding. several changes occurred in the use of Ans. 643 M In a student's report on the presence of mental health experts in trials involving questions of the defendant's sanity. You must follow the ALI rule. C Con p. The media coverage of such trials may contribute to the field's credibility. 18. * c. This means mat a. 643 M 18. c. The ALI rule was changed to be essentially equivalent to the earlier McNaughton rule. p. App b.121 d. 643 M Suppose you were serving on a jury that has been asked to consider the GBMI verdict. despite the IDRA. her trial could have taken place in any state in the U. given the frequent disagreement amongst those experts. D Con p. Such experts typically cannot contribute valid assessment and diagnostic evidence for the use of juries or judges. p. which limits this verdict to schizophrenic defendants only. trial. These experts. her lawyer employed the insanity defense.120 Ans. b. d.S. In the wake of the John Hinckley. a middle-class black female p. an upper-middle-class white male c. You will have to distinguish between mental illness that leads to insanity and mental illness that does not. d.118 Ans. which statement should be omitted? a. 451 . may exert too much influence on the judicial process. IDRA c. who hears diagnostic testimony and both a penultimate and ultimate opinion d. Duretha. none of the above 18. appropriate treatment for the disorder is available at the proposed site of commitment. A Con p.126 In order to balance the tradition of parens patriae with greater attention to individual patient rights.123 Which of the following types of instruction is MOST likely to influence jurors' Ans. the McNaughton rule c. no instructions at all d. Marta. 644-5 M Which of the following jurors is LEAST likely to be influenced by an expert's opinion on a defendant's insanity? a. who hears only diagnostic testimony b. mens rea Jerome is being tried for a crime that he committed without forethought or intention. 452 . the person is an imminent danger to self or others as a result of mat mental illness.18. ALI p. none of the above 18. Regardless of the state in which his case is heard. and hospitalization must represent the least restrictive alternative available for that treatment. Ayita. B App p. IDRA rules ALI rule McNaughton rale SHORT ANSWER / ESSAY 18. 645 b. IDRA reforms d. what principle(s) must be considered by jurors? a. mens rea b. D verdicts in an insanity case? Fac a. who hears diagnostic testimony and a penultimate opinion c.124 Ans.122 Ans. today's laws require what conditions to be met before a person is hospitalized against her or his will? The person is mentally ill.125 Ans. the ALI rule 18. D App p. 645 E Which of the following legal principles is fundamental to the other three? a. 645 b. as a result of a mental disorder. specialized substance abuse units. Legislation. the client is abusing others. ethical standards 453 . as has treatment in general hospitals. third party reimbursement plans and utilization reviews. 18. the so-called shift from inpatient to outpatient treatment. Confidentiality is not a legal requirement but an ethical obligation in which a therapist pledges not to disclose a client's reports during therapy. physician/patient).127 Why is deinstitutionalization. Confidentiality can be broken if the following conditions occur: the client needs involuntary hospitalization. Tarasoff). a misleading phenomenon? The measurement of "average inpatients" is usually taken from average daily census counts but does not reflect the fact that hospital stays are shorter but also more frequent today.129 What is the difference between privilege and confidentiality? To what situations do these apply? Privilege is a legal protection given to the communication between certain parries (minister/parishioner. The total number of admissions to all types of hospitals for mental health care has actually increased more than 30% from the late 1960s to the late '80s. has occurred primarily in state and county mental hospitals while treatment in private hospitals has increased in the past 10 years. precedents set by court cases (e. and the relationship is exploitative because of me therapist's greater power and control. the therapist is necessarily putting his/her own needs before those of the client. lawyer/client.131 List the factors that help regulate the practice of psychotherapy.18. Clients themselves report the experience to be harmful. the client is undergoing court-ordered evaluation. residential units. the client raises her/his mental condition as part of a legal proceeding. malpractice lawsuits. the therapist is taking advantage of the fact that the client may be in a state of crisis that impairs their ability to make sound judgments. and privilege. including certification and licensure laws. based on the assumption that these relationships could not survive without guaranteed nondisclosure. and other inpatient programs. or the client intends to harm a specific person.g.130 What is the most common basis for malpractice claims against psychotherapists? For what reasons is this therapist behavior unethical and problematic? Sexual contact/intimacy.128 What two criteria are most commonly used to make decisions about civil commitment? Mental illness and grave disability 18.. moreover. husband/wife. 18. The census decline. the therapist is unlikely to maintain objectivity in her/his treatment decisions and interventions. 18. used in about half of the states. lack of appreciation for the wrongfulness of an act in terms of cognitive. and volitional components. not absolute.S. no longer used. emotional. Durham: emphasizes the presence of mental defect/mental disorder. McNaughton mle: emphasizes the understanding of right from wrong. 45 4 . today. is used in about 20 states in the U.S. and indicate how it is used in the U.S.? Describe the central feature(s) of each mle.132 What are the four approaches for defining insanity that have been used in state and federal courts in the U. prohibits experts from giving ultimate opinions. omits volitional component of the ALI. ALI (aka Brawner): emphasizes defendant's substantial.18. used in all federal courts since 1984. Insanity Defense Reform Act (IDRA): moves burden of proof to defense.