A320 Performance Training Manual
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A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL PERFORMANCE PART OF TRANSITION COURSE WITH AIRBUS DOCUMENTATIONRtr: U0S2SP0 This document must be used for training purpose only. Under no circumstances should this document be used as a reference. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form, by any means, without the prior written permission of Airbus SAS. 1, rond-point Maurice Bellonte 31707 Blagnac Cedex France © AIRBUS S.A.S 2005. All rights reserved.. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL CONTENTS U0S2SP0 TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages 1. COURSE CONTENTS .................................................................................................................. 1 2. OPERATIONS DOCUMENTS .................................................................................................... 5 3. FCOM 2 EXTRACTS.................................................................................................................. 13 4. FCOM 3 EXTRACTS.................................................................................................................. 35 5. QRH EXTRACTS........................................................................................................................ 67 6. GUIDED EXAMPLES ................................................................................................................ 71 7. TAKE-OFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER ........................................................................ 103 8. LANDING PERFORMANCE REMINDER ........................................................................... 139 DATE: MAY 2005 Page i ZUAD101 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL CONTENTS THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK DATE: MAY 2005 Page ii ZUAD101 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL COURSE CONTENTS 1. COURSE CONTENTS CONTENTS: 1.1. Schedule of the Course..................................................................................................................................................2 1.2. Course Objectives..........................................................................................................................................................3 DATE: SEP 2006 Page 1 ZUAD112 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL COURSE CONTENTS 1.1. Schedule of the Course Documentation Overview FCOM VOL 2 - Flight Preparation FCOM VOL 3 QRH Section 4 Performance Training Manual: • Provides documentation for use during this course, • Summary of the course and examples used are available for future reference, • Extracts of FCOM are provided and these will be used for LOFT and EVAL. Computer Flight Plan Description of relevant information on CFP Gross error check of fuel calculation with FMGS Flight Preparation RTOW Calculation Flexible Temperature Fluid Contaminated RWY Flight Operations Fuel Calculation Cruise Optimization Approach and Landing Go-Around Single Engine Operations Loading Load and Trim Sheet Additional Take Off Performance Performance Review Quick Reference Calculations DATE: SEP 2006 Page 2 ZUAD112 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL COURSE CONTENTS 1.2. Course Objectives − The main objective of this course is to present the AIRBUS performance documentation: • Flight Crew Operating Manual, FCOM. − To do so, the following will be reviewed: • Basic regulations, • Aircraft performance. − By the end of this course, you will know: • What kind of information you can get in the AIRBUS documentation, • Where to find this information, • How to use the information. − More particularly, you will know: • How to determine the Max. TOW and the corresponding speeds, • How to determine the "Flexible Temperature" (or assumed temperature). DATE: SEP 2006 Page 3 ZUAD112 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL COURSE CONTENTS THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK DATE: SEP 2006 Page 4 ZUAD112 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL OPERATIONS DOCUMENTS 2. OPERATIONS DOCUMENTS CONTENTS: 2.1. Computerized Flight Planning Paris/Cairo/Louxor.......................................................................................................6 2.2. Take-Off Charts (RTOW) .............................................................................................................................................7 2.3. Paris Orly Airport Chart ..............................................................................................................................................13 2.4. Cairo Airport Chart .....................................................................................................................................................14 DATE: SEP 2006 Page 5 ZUAD122 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL OPERATIONS DOCUMENTS 2.1. Computerized Flight Planning Paris/Cairo/Louxor DATE: SEP 2006 Page 6 ZUAD122 Replace this page by page 7, in 17x11 inches format Replace this page by page 8, in 17x11 inches format Replace this page by page 9, in 17x11 inches format Replace this page by page10, in 17x11 inches format Replace this page by page 11, in 17x11 inches format Replace this page by page 12, in 17x11 inches format FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFOMANCE TRAINING MANUAL OPERATIONS DOCUMENTS 2.3. Paris Orly Airport Chart DATE: SEP 2006 Page 13 ZUAD122 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFOMANCE TRAINING MANUAL OPERATIONS DOCUMENTS 2.4. Cairo Airport Chart DATE: SEP 2006 Page 14 ZUAD122 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 2 EXTRACTS 3. FCOM 2 EXTRACTS CONTENTS: 3.1. Loading........................................................................................................................................................................16 3.2. Take Off ......................................................................................................................................................................17 3.3. Landing Performance ..................................................................................................................................................25 3.4. Special Operations.......................................................................................................................................................27 3.5. Flight Planning ............................................................................................................................................................32 DATE: SEP 2006 Page 15 ZUAD132 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 2 EXTRACTS 3.1. Loading DATE: SEP 2006 Page 16 ZUAD132 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 2 EXTRACTS 3.2. Take Off DATE: SEP 2006 Page 17 ZUAD132 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 2 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 18 ZUAD132 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 2 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 19 ZUAD132 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 2 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 20 ZUAD132 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 2 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 21 ZUAD132 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 2 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 22 ZUAD132 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 2 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 23 ZUAD132 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 2 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 24 ZUAD132 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 2 EXTRACTS 3.3. Landing Performance DATE: SEP 2006 Page 25 ZUAD132 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 2 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 26 ZUAD132 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 2 EXTRACTS 3.4. Special Operations DATE: SEP 2006 Page 27 ZUAD132 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 2 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 28 ZUAD132 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 2 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 29 ZUAD132 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 2 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 30 ZUAD132 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 2 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 31 ZUAD132 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 2 EXTRACTS 3.5. Flight Planning DATE: SEP 2006 Page 32 ZUAD132 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 2 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 33 ZUAD132 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 2 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 34 ZUAD132 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 2 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 35 ZUAD132 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 2 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 36 ZUAD132 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS 4. FCOM 3 EXTRACTS CONTENTS: 4.1. Operating Limitations..................................................................................................................................................38 4.2. Supplementary Techniques .........................................................................................................................................48 4.3. In Flight Performance..................................................................................................................................................52 4.4. Single Engine Operation .............................................................................................................................................60 DATE: SEP 2006 Page 37 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS 4.1. Operating Limitations DATE: SEP 2006 Page 38 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 39 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 40 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 41 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 42 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 43 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 44 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 45 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 46 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 47 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS 4.2. Supplementary Techniques DATE: SEP 2006 Page 48 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 49 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 50 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 51 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS 4.3. In Flight Performance DATE: SEP 2006 Page 52 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 53 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 54 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 55 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 56 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 57 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 58 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 59 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS 4.4. Single Engine Operation DATE: SEP 2006 Page 60 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 61 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 62 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 63 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 64 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 65 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 66 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 67 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FCOM 3 EXTRACTS THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK DATE: SEP 2006 Page 68 ZUAD142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL QRH EXTRACTS 5. QRH EXTRACTS CONTENTS: 5.1. Abnormal Procedures ..................................................................................................................................................70 DATE: SEP 2006 Page 69 ZUAD152 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL QRH EXTRACTS 5.1. Abnormal Procedures DATE: SEP 2006 Page 70 ZUAD152 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL QRH EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 71 ZUAD152 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL QRH EXTRACTS DATE: SEP 2006 Page 72 ZUAD152 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES 6. GUIDED EXAMPLES CONTENTS: 6.1. Example 1: MTOW .....................................................................................................................................................75 6.2. Example 2: MTOW .....................................................................................................................................................76 6.3. Example 3: MTOW .....................................................................................................................................................78 6.4. Example 4: Determination of Flexible Temperature...................................................................................................81 6.5. Example 5: Determination of Flexible Temperature...................................................................................................82 6.6. Example 6: Determination of Flexible Temperature...................................................................................................84 6.7. Example 7: Determination of Flexible Temperature...................................................................................................86 6.8. Example 8: Determination of Flexible Temperature...................................................................................................88 6.9. Example 9: Contaminated Runway.............................................................................................................................90 6.10. Example 10: Go-Around Weight ..............................................................................................................................92 6.11. Example 11: Go-Around Temperature ......................................................................................................................93 6.12. Example 12: Flight Planning.....................................................................................................................................94 6.13. Example 13: Actual Landing Distance......................................................................................................................96 6.14. Example 14: Determination of Vapp.........................................................................................................................97 6.15. Example 15: Abnormal Procedure ............................................................................................................................98 6.16. Example 16: Single Engine Strategy.......................................................................................................................100 6.17. Example 17: Take-Off: Use of Quick References Tables.......................................................................................101 6.18. Example 18: Load and Trim Sheet..........................................................................................................................103 DATE: SEP 2006 Page 73 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES Use of RTLOW Charts DATE: SEP 2006 Page 74 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES 6.1. Example 1: MTOW PURPOSE What is the maximum permissible takeoff weight and associated speeds? LFPO ATIS Provides the following data: Takeoff runway Runway condition Wind calm Temperature QNH : 51°C : 1003 hPA : 08 : DRY AIRCRAFT STATUS: A320-214 MTOW Structure: 75.5 T Takeoff Configuration: Optimum Air conditioning : ON Total Anti-ice : OFF Step 1 - Refer to RTOW Enter the table Wind 0 / Temperature 51°C. Read 74 200 kg for Conf 1 + F, 74 100 kg for Conf 2, and 74 100 kg for Conf 3. Step 2 - Corrections – Influence of delta pressure ∆ QNH : -10 hPA. Read (-0.8 T) for Conf 1+F, Conf 2 and Conf 3. Read (∆V1 = 0, ∆ VR = 0, ∆ V2 = 0) for Conf 1+F, Conf 2 and Conf 3. Step 3 - Correct the weights Conf 1 + F 74 200 - 800 = 73 400 kg. Conf 2 74 100 - 800 = 73 300 kg. Conf 3 72 700 - 800 = 73 300 kg. Step 4 – Find the speeds Conf 1 + F 73 400 kg. V1 = 156 - 0 = 156 kt, VR = 156 - 0 = 156 kt, V2 = 157 - 0 = 157 kt. Answer MTOW = 73 400 kg in configuration 1 + F. Speeds: 156 - 156 - 157. DATE: SEP 2006 Page 75 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES 6.2. Example 2: MTOW PURPOSE What is the maximum permissible takeoff weight and associated speeds? LFPO ATIS Provides the following data: Takeoff runway Runway condition Wind calm Temperature QNH : 51°C : 1003 hPa : 08 : WET AIRCRAFT STATUS: A320-214 MTOW Structure: 75.5 T Takeoff Configuration: Optimum Air conditioning : ON Total Anti-ice : OFF Step 1 - Refer to RTOW Enter the table Wind 0 / Temperature 51°C. Read (74.2 156/56/57) for Conf 1+F; (74.1 152/52/56) for Conf 2; and (74.1 152/52/55) for Conf 3. Step 2 - Corrections – Influence of runway condition WET: (-0.6 T, ∆V1 = -6, ∆ VR = -2, ∆ V2 = -2) for Conf 1+F, (-0.4 T, ∆V1 = -3, ∆ VR = 0, ∆ V2 = 0) for Conf 2, (-0.2 T, ∆V1 = -3, ∆ VR = 0, ∆ V2 = 0) for Conf 3. Step 3 - Corrections – Influence of delta pressure ∆ QNH : -10 hPA. Read (-0.8 T) for Conf 1+F, Conf 2 and Conf 3. Read (∆V1 = 0, ∆ VR = 0, ∆ V2 = 0) for Conf 1+F, Conf 2 and Conf 3. Step 4 – Total corrections ∆ WET + ∆ QNH Conf 1+F ∆ W=-600-800=-1400 ∆V1= -6-0=-6 DATE: SEP 2006 Conf 2: ∆W=-400-800=-1200 ∆V1= -3-0=-3 Page 76 Conf 3: ∆W=-200-800=-1000 ∆V1= -3-0=-3 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES ∆VR=-2-0=-2 ∆V2=-2-0=-2 ∆VR=0 ∆V2=0 ∆VR=0 ∆V2=0 Answer MTOW = 73 100 kg in configuration 3 V1 = 149 kt, Vr = 152 kt, V2 = 155 kt NOTE: As two corrections are applied, speeds must be checked against minimum speeds (first on RTOW and secondly in FCOM 2.02.25). DATE: SEP 2006 Page 77 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES 6.3. Example 3: MTOW PURPOSE What is the maximum permissible takeoff weight and associated speeds? LFPO ATIS Provides the following data: Takeoff runway Runway condition Wind calm Temperature QNH : 3°C : 1003 hPA : 08 : WET AIRCRAFT STATUS: A320-214 MTOW Structure: 75.5 T Takeoff Configuration: Optimum Air conditioning : ON Total Anti-ice : ON Step 1 - Refer to RTOW Enter the table Wind 0 / Temperature 3°C. Read (81.9 161/61/63) for Conf 1+F; (81.9 159/59/64) for Conf 2; and (82.0 159/59/61) for Conf 3. Step 2 - Corrections for Total Anti-ice- Refer to 2.02.14 p 1 OAT<=ISA+5: subtract 950 kg Step 3 - Refer to RTOW, find new speeds with the corrected weight. Conf 1+F: 81.9-0.95=80.95 T Interpolated Speeds: 158/58/60 Conf 2: 81.9-0.95=80.95 T Interpolated Speeds: 155/55/60 Conf 3: 82-0.95=81.05 T Speeds: 156/56/59 Step 4 - Corrections – Influence of runway condition WET: (-0.6 T, ∆V1 = -6, ∆ VR = -2, ∆ V2 = -2) for Conf 1+F, (-0.4 T, ∆V1 = -3, ∆ VR = 0, ∆ V2 = 0) for Conf 2, (-0.2 T, ∆V1 = -3, ∆ VR = 0, ∆ V2 = 0) for Conf 3. Step 5 - Corrections – Influence of delta pressure ∆ QNH : -10 hPA. Read (-0.8 T) for Conf 1+F, Conf 2 and Conf 3. Read (∆V1 = 0, ∆ VR = 0, ∆ V2 = 0) for Conf 1+F, Conf 2 and Conf 3. DATE: SEP 2006 Page 78 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES Step 6 – Total corrections ∆ WET + ∆ QNH Conf 1+F ∆ W=-600-800=-1400 ∆V1= -6-0=-6 ∆VR=-2-0=-2 ∆V2=-2-0=-2 MTOW = 80 050 kg in configuration 3 NOTE: • This is a theoretical MTOW as the structural MTOW of this aircraft is 75 500 kg. This example is a typical case for a FLEX Takeoff, as explained in the next chapter. Conf 2: ∆W=-400-800=-1200 ∆V1= -3-0=-3 ∆VR=0 ∆V2=0 Conf 3: ∆W=-200-800=-1000 ∆V1= -3-0=-3 ∆VR=0 ∆V2=0 Exercise 1: LFPO ATIS provides the following data: • • • • • take off runway 08, runway condition WET, wind -10 kt, temperature 47° C, QNH 1023 hPA, Aircraft status: • • • • • Answer: MTOW = 74 400 kg V1 = 133 kt Vr = 141 kt V2 = 144 kt A 320-214 MTOW structure 75.5 t air conditioning ON, anti-icing OFF Take off configuration : optimum. Exercise 2: LFPO ATIS provides the following data: • • • • take off runway 08, Caution: runway length reduced to 1500 m due to work in progress. runway condition WET, wind calm, Page 79 ZUAD162 DATE: SEP 2006 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES • • temperature 47° C, QNH 1013 hPA, Aircraft status: • • • • • Answer: MTOW = 53 400 kg Conf 1+F. V1 = 115 kt Vr = 128 kt V2 = 131 kt A 320-214 MTOW structure 75.5 t air conditioning ON, anti-icing OFF Take off configuration : optimum. DATE: SEP 2006 Page 80 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES 6.4. Example 4: Determination of Flexible Temperature PURPOSE What is the maximum permissible flexible temperature and associated speeds? LFPO ATIS Provides the following data: Takeoff runway Runway condition Wind calm Temperature QNH : 3°C : 1003 hPA : 08 : DRY AIRCRAFT STATUS: A320-214 Actual TOW: 68.1 T Takeoff Configuration: Optimum Air conditioning : ON Total Anti-ice : OFF Step 1 - Refer to RTOW Enter the table Wind 0 and Weight 68.1 T Read (59°C 153/53/54) for Conf 1+F, (58°C 147/47/50 by interpolation) for Conf 2, and (58°C 146/46/48) for Conf 3. Step 2 - Corrections – Influence of delta pressure ∆ QNH : -10 hPA. Read (-2°C) for Conf 1+F, Conf 2 and Conf 3. Step 3 - Correct the Temperature Conf 1 + F Conf 2 Conf 3 59-2 = 57°C. 58-2 = 56°C. 58-2 = 56°C. Answer: Tflex: 57°C in Conf 1+F Speeds: 153 - 153 – 154. NOTE: • Check that corrected temperature: CT <= T flex max CT > OAT CT > T ref DATE: SEP 2006 Page 81 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES 6.5. Example 5: Determination of Flexible Temperature PURPOSE What is the maximum permissible flexible temperature and associated speeds? LFPO ATIS Provides the following data: Takeoff runway Runway condition Wind calm Temperature QNH : 3°C : 1003 hPA : 08 : WET AIRCRAFT STATUS: A320-214 Actual TOW: 68.1 T Takeoff Configuration: Optimum Air conditioning : ON Total Anti-ice : OFF Step 1 - Refer to RTOW Enter the table Wind 0 and Weight 68.1 T Read (59°C 153/53/54) for Conf 1+F, (58°C 147/47/50 by interpolation) for Conf 2, and (58°C 146/46/48) for Conf 3. Step 2 - Corrections – Influence of runway condition WET: -1°C for Conf 1+F, Conf 2 and Conf 3. Step 3 - Corrections – Influence of delta pressure ∆ QNH : -10 hPA. Read (-2°C) for Conf 1+F, Conf 2 and Conf 3. Step 4 – Total corrections: temperature ∆ WET + ∆ QNH Conf 1+F ∆°C =-1-2=-3°C Conf 2: ∆°C =-1-2=-3 Conf 3: ∆°C =-1-2=-3 Step 5 – Total corrections: speeds WET: ∆V1 = -6, ∆ VR = -2, ∆ V2 = -2 for Conf 1+F, ∆V1 = -3, ∆ VR = 0, ∆ V2 = 0 for Conf 2, ∆V1 = -3, ∆ VR = 0, ∆ V2 = 0 for Conf 3. NOTE: • When calculating a Flex takeoff, wet runway corrections are the only ones taken into consideration, as they have an effect on ASD and acceleration. Page 82 ZUAD162 DATE: SEP 2006 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES Answer: Tflex=56°C in Conf 1+F Speeds = 147 - 151 - 152 NOTE: • • As two corrections are applied, speeds must be checked against minimum speeds (first on RTOW and secondly in FCOM 2.02.25). Check that corrected temperature: CT <= T flex max CT > OAT CT > T ref DATE: SEP 2006 Page 83 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES 6.6. Example 6: Determination of Flexible Temperature PURPOSE What is the maximum permissible flexible temperature and associated speeds? LFPO ATIS Provides the following data: Takeoff runway Runway condition Wind calm Temperature QNH : 3°C : 1003 hPA : 08 : WET AIRCRAFT STATUS: A320-214 Actual TOW: 68.1 T Takeoff Configuration: Optimum Air conditioning : ON Total Anti-ice : ON Step 1 - Refer to RTOW Enter the table Wind 0 and Weight 68.1 T Read (59°C 153/53/54) for Conf 1+F, (58°C 147/47/50 by interpolation) for Conf 2, and (58°C 146/46/48) for Conf 3. Step 2 - Corrections for Total Anti-ice- Refer to 2.02.14 p 1 Total Anti-ice correction on Flex temp is 2°C. Step 3 - Corrections – Influence of runway condition WET: -1°C for Conf 1+F, Conf 2 and Conf 3. Step 4 - Corrections – Influence of delta pressure ∆ QNH : -10 hPA. Read (-2°C) for Conf 1+F, Conf 2 and Conf 3. Step 5 – Total corrections: temperature ∆ Anti-ice + ∆ WET + ∆ QNH Conf 1+F ∆°C =-2-1-2=-5°C Conf 2: ∆°C =-2-1-2=-5 Conf 3: ∆°C =-2-1-2=-5 DATE: SEP 2006 Page 84 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES Step 6 – Total corrections: speeds WET: ∆V1 = -6, ∆ VR = -2, ∆ V2 = -2 for Conf 1+F, ∆V1 = -3, ∆ VR = 0, ∆ V2 = 0 for Conf 2, ∆V1 = -3, ∆ VR = 0, ∆ V2 = 0 for Conf 3. NOTE: • When calculating a Flex takeoff, wet runway corrections are the only ones taken into consideration, as they have an effect on ASD and acceleration. Answer Tflex: 54°C in Conf 1+F Speeds: 147 - 151 - 152. NOTE: • • As two corrections are applied, speeds must be checked against minimum speeds (first on RTOW and secondly in FCOM 2.02.25). Check that corrected temperature: CT <= T flex max CT > OAT CT > T ref DATE: SEP 2006 Page 85 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES 6.7. Example 7: Determination of Flexible Temperature PURPOSE What is the maximum permissible flexible temperature and associated speeds? LFPO ATIS Provides the following data: Takeoff runway Runway condition Wind calm Temperature QNH : 3°C : 1003 hPA : 08 : WET AIRCRAFT STATUS: A320-214 Actual TOW: 52.4 T CONF 1 + F Air conditioning : ON Total Anti-ice : OFF Step 1 - Refer to RTOW Enter the table Wind 0 and Weight 52.4 T Read (67°C for 62.4 T 143/43/43) Step 2 - Corrections for V1/VR/V2=1KT/1000KG 62.4-52.4 = 10 T ∆V1= ∆ VR= ∆ V2=-10 V=133 kt VR=133 kt V2=133 kt Step 3 - Corrections – Influence of runway condition WET: (-1°C, ∆V1 = -6, ∆ VR = -2, ∆ V2 = -2) for Conf 1+F, Step 4 - Corrections – Influence of delta pressure ∆ QNH : -10 hPA. Read (-2°C) for Conf 1+F Step 5 – Total corrections: temperature and speeds ∆ WET + ∆ QNH Conf 1+F ∆°C =-1-2=-3°C ∆V1 = -6, ∆ VR = -2, ∆ V2 = -2 for WET Runway Answer Tflex: 64°C in Conf 1+F Speeds: 127 - 131 - 131. DATE: SEP 2006 Page 86 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES NOTE: • • As two corrections are applied, speeds must be checked against minimum speeds (first on RTOW and secondly in FCOM 2.02.25). Check that corrected temperature: CT <= T flex max CT > OAT CT > T ref DATE: SEP 2006 Page 87 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES 6.8. Example 8: Determination of Flexible Temperature PURPOSE What is the maximum permissible flexible temperature and associated speeds? LFPO ATIS Provides the following data: Takeoff runway Runway condition Wind calm Temperature QNH : 3°C : 1003 hPA : 08 : DRY AIRCRAFT STATUS: A320-214 Actual TOW: 57.4 T CONF 3 Air conditioning : ON Total Anti-ice : OFF CAUTION: runway length reduced to 1500 m due to work in progress Step 1 - Refer to RTOW Enter the table Wind 0 and Weight 57.4 T with CONF 3 Read (59°C 117/17/21). Step 2 - Corrections – Influence of delta pressure ∆ QNH : -10 hPA. As TFlex is above TVMC, use corrections in gray box. Read -2°C. Step 3 – Total corrections ∆ QNH ∆°C =-2=-2°C. Answer Tflex: 57°C in Conf 3 Speeds: 117 - 117 - 121. NOTE: • Check that corrected temperature: CT <= T flex max CT > OAT CT > T ref DATE: SEP 2006 Page 88 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES Exercise: LFPO ATIS provides the following data: • • • • • take off runway 08, runway condition DRY, wind +10 kt, temperature 35° C, QNH 1023 hPA, Aircraft status: • • • • • Answer: CONF 3 T Flex = 51 C V1 = 153 kt Vr = 153 kt V2 = 156 kt A 320-214 MTOW structure 75.5 t air conditioning ON, anti-icing OFF Take off configuration : Optimum DATE: SEP 2006 Page 89 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES 6.9. Example 9: Contaminated Runway PURPOSE Find the MTOW and speeds. LFPO ATIS Provides the following data: Take-off runway Runway condition Wind Temperature QNH : LFPO 08 : Covered by 7mm of Slush : calm : 3°C : 1003 hPA BLEEDS STATUS Air conditioning : ON Total Anti-ice : ON Step 1 – Maximum Takeoff Weight on Dry Runway- Refer to RTOW Enter the table Wind 0 kt / Temperature 3°C Read 81 900 kg for Conf 1 + F, 81 900 kg for Conf 2 and 82 000 kg for Conf 3 Step 2 - Corrections for Total Anti icing and QNH - Refer to 2.02.24 p 1 and RTOW Corrections = ∆ BLEED + ∆ QNH ∆ W = - 950 kg - 800 kg = - 1750 kg Step 3 - Correct the weights Conf 1 + F: 81 900 - 1 750 = 80 150 kg Conf 2 Conf 3 : 81 900 - 1 750 = 80 150 kg : 82 000 – 1 750 = 80 250 kg Step 4 - Corrections for Contaminant - Refer to 2.04.10 p 8 Enter the table : Runway length = 3 000 m for Conf 1 + F, Runway length = 3 000 m for Conf 2 , Runway length = 2 500 m for Conf 3 Read decrements: - 17.3 t for Conf 1 + F, - 16.9 for Conf 2, - 17.0 for Conf 3 DATE: SEP 2006 Page 90 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES Step 5 - Correct the weights Conf 1 + F: 80 150 - 17 300 = 62 850 kg Conf 2 Conf 3 : 80 150 – 16 900 = 63 250 kg : 80 250 – 17 000 = 63 250 kg Step 6 - Check that MTOW remains equal to corrected weight Conf 1 + F = 62 850 kg Conf 2 Conf 3 = 63 250 kg = 63 250 kg Step 7 - Speeds determination 2.04.10 p 8 Retain Conf 3 as takeoff configuration (lower takeoff speeds) MTOW = 63 250 kg Enter the table Conf 3 with actual weight = 63 250 kg Read speeds: 125 kt - 138 kt - 142 kt NOTE: On contaminated runways, use only TOGA, whatever your take off weight. Exercise: LFPO ATIS provides the following data: • • • Answer: CONF 1, 61900 kg V1 = 122 kt Vr = 140 kt V2 = 143 kt take off runway 08, runway condition 5 mm water, MTOW DRY: Conf 1+F - 72000 kg, Conf 2 – 71100 kg, Conf 3 – 71200 kg DATE: SEP 2006 Page 91 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES 6.10. Example 10: Go-Around Weight Determine maximum go-around weight. Refer to: 3.05.05 p 3 and 3.05.35 p2/3 Airport elevation: Temperature: QNH : 1300 ft 46°C 990 hPA Step 1 Determine Airport pressure altitude - table 3.05.05 p 3 corresponding to FLAPS configuration Table 3.05.05 p 3 : QNH correction = 700 ft Airport elevation = 1 300 ft Airport pressure altitude = 700 + 1 300 = 2 000 ft Step 2 Enter column for airport pressure altitude, here 2 000 ft Step 3 Enter line for OAT, here 46°C Step 4 At intersection read the maximum Go Around weight: 69 400 kg on CONF 2 68 200 kg on CONF 3 in this case., check that it is above your actual Go-Around weight. Step 5 If applicable, apply corrections for Air conditioning, anti-ice, at bottom of the page. DATE: SEP 2006 Page 92 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES 6.11. Example 11: Go-Around Temperature Determine maximum go-around weight. Refer to: 3.05.05 p 3 and 3.05.35 p2/3 Airport elevation: Estimated landing weight: QNH : 300 ft 64 500 kg Conf 3 1023 hPA Determination of maximum Go-Around temperature in CONF 3 - Refer to 3.05.35 P2/3 Step 1 Determination of the Pressure Altitude: Altitude correction: Airport elevation: Pressure Altitude: -300 ft +300 ft = 0 ft Step 2 Enter column for airport pressure altitude, here 0 ft Step 3 Try to find estimated landing weight value. In this case, last line reads 66 700 kg Step 4 Read corresponding maximum Go-Around temperature in LH column. Check it is above the OAT. Here 55°C is also T MAX. Step 5 No Go around climb gradient limitation. DATE: SEP 2006 Page 93 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES 6.12. Example 12: Flight Planning Trip Trip route Distance Wind component Cruise : Paris - Cairo : 1800 NM : + 30 kts : FL 350 : M.78 Alternate Alternate route Distance Wind component Holding EZFW : Cairo - Luxor : 296 NM ( ISA ), FL 390 : + 30 kts : FL 15 ( ISA ) Green Dot Speed : 60700 kg Step 1 - Determination of fuel for holding - Refer to 3.05.25 p 2 Enter the table with FL 15 and GW = 60 700 kg Read the fuel flow: 1140 kg ( 1140 kg/ is the fuel flow for one engine during one hour ) Step 2 - Determination of fuel for alternate- Refer to 2.05.60 p 4 / 2.05.50 p 3 Determination of the air distance: use of table 2.05.60 p 4 (enter with 300 NM and 30 kt of tailwind ) Read NAM = 280 NM) Enter table 2.05.50 p 3 with 280 NM and FL 390, read fuel = 1 915 kg Correct for reference weight deviation: (61 - 55) x 18 = 108 kg Alternate fuel = (1 915 + 108) = 2023 kg Step 3 - Determination of fuel to destination - Refer to 2.05.60 p 2 Refer to 2.05.40 p 10 Determination of the air distance: use of table 2.05.60 p 2 (enter with 1 800 NM and 30 kt of tailwind Read NAM = 1 692 NM) Enter table 2.05.40 p 10 with 1 692 NM and FL 350, read fuel = 9 210 kg Correct for reference weight deviation: (64 - 55) x 104 = 936 kg Trip fuel = (9 210 + 936) = 10 146 kg Step 4 - Reserves and taxi fuel Reserves = 5% of the trip fuel. Reserves = 5% of 10 146 kg = 505 kg DATE: SEP 2006 Page 94 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES Taxi = 140 kg (cf FCOM) Step 5 - Total fuel Total fuel: + + + + = Holding Alternate Trip fuel Reserves Taxi Total fuel + + + + + = 1140 2 023 10 146 505 140 13 954 kg ----------------------- ------------------------ DATE: SEP 2006 Page 95 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES 6.13. Example 13: Actual Landing Distance PURPOSE Find the Actual Landing Distance. Landing GW Elevation Wind calm : 62 000 kg : 1000 ft Step 1 - Refer to 2.03.10 p 3 Enter the table: Weight 62 t / Dry Rwy Read Actual Landing Distance = 840 m Step 2 - Correction for airport elevation - Refer to 2.03.10 p 3 Correction = 3% Step 3 - Correct the Landing Distance Landing Distance = 840 * 1.03 = 865 m Answer Actual Landing Distance = 865 m DATE: SEP 2006 Page 96 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES 6.14. Example 14: Determination of Vapp PURPOSE Find the Vapp. Landing GW Elevation Wind calm : 62 000 kg : 1 000 ft Step 1 - Refer to QRH 2.31 Enter the table Weight 60-64 / Conf full Read VLS = 132 kt (with interpolation) Step 2 - Correction Wind calm, Add 5 kt Step 3 - Determine the Vapp Vapp = 132 + 5 = 137 kt Answer Vapp = 137 kt DATE: SEP 2006 Page 97 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES 6.15. Example 15: Abnormal Procedure PURPOSE Find the Actual Landing Distance and Vapp. Landing GW Elevation Wind calm Green + Yellow Hyd out : 62 000 kg : 1 000 ft Step 1 - Refer to QRH 2.32 Enter the table HYD Green + Yellow Read corrections: Flaps pos 3, Increment to VREF = 25 kt, Landing distance is multiplied by 2.6 Step 2 – Corrections Vapp = 132 + 25 = 157 kt Landing Distance = 865 * 2.6 = 2 249 m Answer Vapp = 157 kt Actual Landing Distance = 2 249 m DATE: SEP 2006 Page 98 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES Exercise 1: Questions: 1- Determine Vapp, ALD, landing configuration. 2 - Is it possible to land the aircraft? KEWR conditions: • • • • • Runway 011 Airport elevation 16 ft LDA 2072 m Runway condition DRY, Wind + 30 kt, Aircraft status: • • • A 320-214 Landing weight 64 t Landing configuration 1 ≤ FLAPS < 2, SLATS ≥ 1 Answer: 1 - Vapp = 154 kt ALD = 1050 m Conf 3 2 - JAA : ALD ≤ LDA 1050 m ≤ 2072 m: Yes FAA : ALD x 1.15 ≤ LDA 1050 x 1.15 = 1208 m ≤ 2072 m: Yes DATE: SEP 2006 Page 99 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES 6.16. Example 16: Single Engine Strategy PURPOSE Find the strategy to adopt. SAT GW FL MORA : - 36° C ( ISA = + 15) : 64 000 kg : 330 : 24 000 ft Step 1 - LRC Ceiling - Refer to 3.06.20 p 1 Enter the table Weight 64 000 / ISA + 15 Read LRC ceiling = 23 700 ft Step 2 - Drift Down Ceiling - Refer to 3.06.40 p 5 Enter the table Weight 64 000 / FL 330 Read Drift Down ceiling = 25 100 ft Initial speed = 226 kt Answer The drift down strategy has to be adopted. Drift down ceiling Initial speed = 25 100 ft = 226 kt DATE: SEP 2006 Page 100 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES 6.17. Example 17: Take-Off: Use of Quick References Tables PURPOSE Find the MTOW, and speeds. LFPO Data: Airport elevation : 276 ft Runway length Runway slope QNH OAT Conf : 3 320 m : 0.07% : 989 hPA : 20°C :1+F Take off conditions Air conditioning ON, Total Anti-ice OFF Obstacle: From BR 3 764 m 62 ft Step 1 - Detemination of pressure Altitude - Refer to 3.05.05 p 3 Enter the table with QNH = 989 Read correction of + 700 ft Add this correction to the airport elevation: 700 + 276 = 976 ft Step 2 - Determination of corrected Runway - Refer to 2.02.40 p 2 Enter the table with Runway length = 3 500 m and read correction for the slope: 600 m per percent Corrected Runway length = 3 320 - 600 * 0.1 = 3 260 m Step 3 - Find MTOW- Refer to 2.02.40 p 5 Enter table with 3250 / 20°C Read MTOW = 81 200 kg Step 4 - Corrections for air conditioning - Refer to 2.02.24 p 1 Air conditioning: - 2 200 kg MTOW = 81 200 - 2 200 = 79 000 kg DATE: SEP 2006 Page 101 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES Step 5 - Corrections for Obstacle - Refer to 2.02.50 p 2 Obstacle height = 62 + ( 0.07 * 50 ) = 66 ft (correction due to the slope) Obstacle distance from end of runway = 3 764 - 3 320 = 444 m Weight decrement = 9.0 t Gradient = 3.6% MTOW = 79 000 - 9 000 = 70 000 kg Speeds V1 = 147 kt, Vr = 151 kt, V2 = 152 kt Answer MTOW = 70 000 kg Speeds V1 = 147 kt, Vr = 151 kt, V2 = 152 kt DATE: SEP 2006 Page 102 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES 6.18. Example 18: Load and Trim Sheet Dry operating weight CG Pantry adjustment Cargo 1 Cargo 3 Cargo 4 Cargo 5 Cabin OA Cabin OB Cabin OC Total fuel : 43 100 kg : 24% : + 100 kg Zone E : 1 000 kg : 1 000 kg : 2 000 kg : 457 kg : 10 : 60 : 40 : 13 500 kg DATE: SEP 2006 Page 103 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL GUIDED EXAMPLES THIS PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK DATE: SEP 2006 Page 104 ZUAD162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7. TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER CONTENTS: 7.1. Limiting Speeds: VMCG ..............................................................................................................................................106 7.1.1. Limiting Speeds: VMCA ....................................................................................................................................108 7.1.2. Limiting Speeds: VMU ......................................................................................................................................110 7.2. Operating Speeds: V1, VR, V2....................................................................................................................................111 7.2.1. Operating Speeds: V1 .......................................................................................................................................111 7.2.2. Operating Speeds: VR ......................................................................................................................................113 7.2.3. Operating Speeds: V2 .......................................................................................................................................113 7.2.4. Limiting/Operating Speeds: Relative Positions...............................................................................................113 7.2.5. TakeOff Lengths ..............................................................................................................................................114 7.3. TakeOff Distances .....................................................................................................................................................117 7.3.1. TakeOff Distances (TOD) ...............................................................................................................................117 7.3.2. TakeOff Run Distances (TOR) ........................................................................................................................118 7.3.3. Accelerate Stop Distance (ASD) .....................................................................................................................119 7.3.4. Association of TakeOff Distances and Lengths ..............................................................................................120 7.4. Line Up Allowances..................................................................................................................................................120 7.5. TakeOff Trajectory....................................................................................................................................................123 7.6. Runway Condition.....................................................................................................................................................124 7.6.1. LPC List Box ...................................................................................................................................................124 7.6.2. Runways Wet and Contaminated.....................................................................................................................124 7.7. Factors of Influence ...................................................................................................................................................125 7.7.1. Wind and Moisture: .........................................................................................................................................125 7.8. TakeOff Optimization ...............................................................................................................................................130 7.8.1. Runway Length:...............................................................................................................................................130 7.8.2. Other Limitations:............................................................................................................................................130 7.8.3. Obstacles:.........................................................................................................................................................131 7.8.4. Result ...............................................................................................................................................................132 7.9. Engine Performance ..................................................................................................................................................133 7.9.1. Principle...........................................................................................................................................................133 7.9.2. Flexible TakeOff..............................................................................................................................................136 7.9.3. Derated Takeoff`..............................................................................................................................................137 DATE: SEP 2006 Page 105 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.1. Limiting Speeds 7.1.1. Limiting Speeds: VMCG Minimum Control speed on Ground from which a sudden failure of the critical engine can be controlled by use of primary flight controls only, the other engine remaining at TakeOff power. Engine Failure: torque due to remaining engine DATE: SEP 2006 Page 106 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER The pilot’s action: recover control of the aircraft enable safe Take Off continuation Determination of VMCG: lateral deviation under 30 ft DATE: SEP 2006 Page 107 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.1.2. Limiting Speeds: VMCA Minimum Control speed in the Air at which aircraft can be controlled either: 5ºmax • with a 50 maximum bank angle, or: • with zero yaw. DATE: SEP 2006 Page 108 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Summary: Limiting speed: VMCA Definition: Minimum Control speed in the Air at which aircraft can be controlled either: • with a 50 maximum bank angle, or • with zero yaw. ... in case of failure of one engine, the other engine remaining at TakeOff power. 5º max DATE: SEP 2006 Page 109 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.1.3. Limiting Speeds: VMU Minimum Unstick speed is the lowest calibrated airspeed at and above which the aircraft can safely lift off the ground and continue the TakeOff without encountering critical conditions. What are these critical conditions ? • the necessary angle of attack is too great: the rear of the A/C can hit the ground. • Insufficient lateral control, may cause engine or wing to hit the ground. Limiting speeds : V MU DATE: SEP 2006 Page 110 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.2. Operating Speeds: V1, VR, V2 7.2.1. Operating Speeds: V1 Definition: TakeOff decision speed chosen by the applicant. V1 is the speed limit at which the pilot can interrupt TakeOff in case of failure. If I am aware of a failure before V1 I can ... safely abort TakeOff V V 1 Speed DATE: SEP 2006 Page 111 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER If I am aware of a failure after V1 I MUST follow on TakeOff 1. From that point, 35 ft I am sure to reach the TO limited height. V1 V Speed If I am aware of a failure after V1 I MUST follow on TakeOff 2. I am too fast to brake safely before the end of the stopway. Summary: Operating speed: V1 Definition: TakeOff decision speed chosen by the applicant. V1 is the speed limit at which the pilot can interrupt TakeOff in case of failure. DATE: SEP 2006 Page 112 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.2.2. Operating Speeds: VR Definition: VR is the Rotation speed at which the aircraft is rotated for lift off. 7.2.3. Operating Speeds: V2 Definition: V2: TakeOff climb speed. To be reached before the 35 ft TakeOff height above T.O.D. Maintained during 1st and 2nd segment, until the minimum acceleration height is reached (at least 400 ft). 7.2.4. Limiting/Operating Speeds: Relative Positions 1.1 VMCA 1.05 VMCA 1.2 VS (or 1.13 VS1G) V2 VMCG ≤ V1 VR 35 ft (JAR geometric limitations) 1.08 VMU (AEO) 1.04 VMU (OEI) VLOF DATE: SEP 2006 Page 113 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.2.5. TakeOff Lengths 7.2.5.1. Runway: “ Rigid or flexible rectangular area made of concrete or asphalt used for TakeOff and landing ” 7.2.5.2. Stopway Rectangular area beyond the TakeOff runway: Centered on the same (center)line, at least as wide as the runway, designated by the airport authorities for use in decelerating the aircraft in case of aborted TakeOff. 7.2.5.3. Clearway 500 ft min 1.25% max Rectangular area beyond the runway, located on the same centerline, and under control of the airport authorities, featuring: • Minimum width: 500 ft • Slope < 1.25% DATE: SEP 2006 Page 114 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER • No prominence except threshold lights ( if < 26 in above surface) not ok ok (26 in max) 500 ft min 1.25% max 7.2.5.4. TakeOff Distance Available TODA It is the Runway + Clearway lengths. DATE: SEP 2006 Page 115 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.2.5.5. TakeOff Run Available TORA It is the Runway length only. 7.2.5.6. Acceleration Stop Distance Available ASDA It is the Runway + Stopway lengths. DATE: SEP 2006 Page 116 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.3. TakeOff Distances 7.3.1. TakeOff Distances (TOD) • TakeOff Distance (TOD) • TakeOff Run (TOR) • Acceleration Stop Distance (ASD) 7.3.1.1. One Engine Inoperative All Engines Operating One Engine Inoperative V2 TODOEI = From BR to 35 ft VEF V1 VR VLOF 35 ft TODOEI 7.3.1.2. All Engines Operating All Engines Operating V2 + 15% V1 VR VLOF 35 ft TODAEO DATE: SEP 2006 Page 117 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.3.2. TakeOff Run Distances (TOR) 7.3.2.1. One Engine Inoperative All Engines Operating One Engine Inoperative V2 TOROEI = From BR to middle point between Vlof and 35 ft VEF V1 VR VLOF 35 ft TOROEI // // 7.3.2.2. All Engines Operating All Engines Operating + 15% V2 V1 VR VLOF 35 ft // TORAEO // DATE: SEP 2006 Page 118 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.3.3. Accelerate Stop Distance (ASD) 7.3.3.1. One Engine Inoperative at VEF One Engine Inoperative All engines operating 2s Idle VEF V1 V=0 accelerate stop distance with one engine inoperative 7.3.3.2. All Engines Operating All engines operating Idle 2s V1 V=0 accelerate stop distance with all engines operating Braking means: • • • Wheel brakes, Spoilers, Reversers: . not on dry runways, . certified on wet runways, . mandatory on contaminated runways. Page 119 ZUAD172 DATE: SEP 2006 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.3.4. Association of TakeOff Distances and Lengths V2 V=0 V1 VR VLO RWY SWY 35 ft CWY TOR ASD TOD 7.4. Line Up Allowances It is necessary to take into account the runway length decrease due to the line up. The calculation of TODA, ASDA and TORA do not take into account the aircraft line up on the runway considered for Take Off. This line up distance depends on aircraft design and the access possibility on the runway. Two cases are studied, and in both cases, two distances are considered: 35 ft B A ASD available TOD available Runway length A Adjustment to TakeOff distance B Adjustment to accelerate stop distance DATE: SEP 2006 Page 120 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 90° runway entry aircraft model A320 minimum line up distance correction TODA (m) 12 ASDA (m) 26 T akeOff Distance (TOD) adjust ment Accelerate Stop Distance ( AS D) adjust ment DATE: SEP 2006 Page 121 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 180° turnaround aircraft model A320 minimum line up distance correction TODA (m) 18 ASDA (m) 32 TakeOff Distance (TOD) adjustment Accelerate Stop Distance (ASD) adjustment DATE: SEP 2006 Page 122 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.5. TakeOff Trajectory Green dot: 10 min after TO ONE ENGINE OUT TO dist. MAXIMUM ACCELERATION HEIGHT End Gradient > 1.2% MINIMUM ACCELERATION HEIGHT Gradient > 2.4% Green dot: 35 ft Gradient > 0% best lift-to-drag ratio V1 Segments: 1 2 3 final DATE: SEP 2006 Page 123 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.6. Runway Condition 7.6.1. LPC List Box 7.6.2. Runways Wet and Contaminated Runway : Water Slush Wet snow Dry snow Comp Snow Wet < 3 mm < 2 mm < 4 mm < 15 mm Contaminated 3 - 13 mm (½’) 2 - 13 mm (½’) 4 - 25 mm (1’) 15 - 25 mm (2’) all DATE: SEP 2006 Page 124 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.7. Factors of Influence Sustained parameters: Chosen parameters: • Flap setting, • Decision speed V1, • V2 / Vs ratio. • Temperature, • Pressure Altitude, • Air bleed, • Wind, • Moisture, • Runway condition. 7.7.1. Wind and Moisture: Effect on TO distances (TOD, TOR, ASD): 7.7.1.1. Headwind air speed wind Headwind Headwind shortens TO distances Only 50 % must be taken into account, according to regulation. ground speed DATE: SEP 2006 Page 125 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.7.1.2. Tailwind Tailwind air speed wind Tailwind increases TO distances Regulation prescribes that 150 % should be taken into account. ground speed 7.7.1.3. Regulation Changes on Wet and Contaminated Runways • Performance depends on the depth of the contaminant. Wet and contaminated runways. • All Engines Operating TOD, TOR, and ASD, are the same, whatever the runway condition. • One Engine Inoperative: TOD, TOR are different. TOD: screen height = 15 ft TOR: It ends at VLOF 35 ft 15 ft TOROEI DATE: SEP 2006 // // Page 126 TOROEI ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.7.1.4. Runway Slope It mustn't exceed ± 2% Positive slope increases TO distances ± 2% Negative slope decreases TO distances 7.7.1.5. Flap Setting Flaps increase lift... • TO distances are reduced. Flaps increase drag... • TO gradient decreases. CL CD C’L C’D TakeOff configurations on Airbus family: Conf 1+F TO gradient decreases Conf 2 Conf 3 TO distances are reduced DATE: SEP 2006 Page 127 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.7.1.6. Decision Speed V1 The most penalizing conditions are taken into account: the failure ( VEF ) occurs 1 second before V1. Long TOD VEF V1 VR VLOF 35 ft Short ASD Low V1 implies short acceleration with All Engines Operating. Short TOD VEF V1 VR VLOF 35 ft Long ASD High V1 means long acceleration with All Engines Operating. DATE: SEP 2006 Page 128 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.7.1.7. V2 / Vs Ratio Being limited by VS, V2 is set through the V2/VS ratio. V2 is the speed required when reaching 35 ft height. V2 is determined by VR, as no TO parameters can be changed after lift off: high V2 ⇒ high VR High V2 / VS V2/VS influence: High ratio Low ratio long TOD short TOD high 2nd segment slope low 2nd segment slope Long TOD VEF V1 VR VLOF 35 ft High second segment gradient DATE: SEP 2006 Page 129 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.8. TakeOff Optimization 7.8.1. Runway Length: • ASD − ASD 1 E/O − ASD all engines • TOD − TOD 1 E/O − TOD all engines • TOR − TOR 1 E/O − TOR all engines ≤ TORA, and ≤ TORA ≤ TODA, and ≤ TODA ≤ ASDA, and ≤ ASDA 7.8.2. Other Limitations: • speeds, • 1st segment gradient (> 0%), • 2nd segment gradient (> 2.4%), • brake energy, • obstacle, • tire speed, • final TakeOff (> 1.2%). DATE: SEP 2006 Page 130 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.8.3. Obstacles: To avoid an obstacle, you have different possibilities: 2.4% Gross trajectory 0.8% 35 ft Net trajectory TOD Flaps TO Weight V1 V2 increases decreases decreases increases ASD increases decreases increases no change Climb grad increases increases no change increases DATE: SEP 2006 Page 131 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.8.4. Result Optimization Limitations for given: • runway, • wind, • temperature, • pressure, • flaps setting, • V2/Vs ratio. At a given V2/Vs ratio, we have an optimum weight. Just explore all the range of V2/Vs to have the MTOW. V2/Vs = 1.27 2nd Optimum weight TOD Obstacle ASD DATE: SEP 2006 Page 132 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.9. Engine Performance 7.9.1. Principle weight You need less Thrust When your Actual TakeOff Weight is lower than the Maximum TakeOff Weight, you can perform a TakeOff with less than the max TakeOff thrust. This thrust reduction improves engine life and reduces maintenance costs. DATE: SEP 2006 Page 133 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Which part of the aircraft is concerned ? engine aerodynamics 7.9.1.1. Reminder about engines and thrust Trust levers Thrust variation with OAT Thrust EGT limit Tref OAT DATE: SEP 2006 Page 134 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Trust levers Five positions on Airbus aircraft: • TOGA: TakeOff - Go Around Maximum thrust available. Its use can’t exceed 10 min. • MCT: Maximum Continuous Thrust FLX: Flex TO Thrust... Maximum thrust for long use. • CL: Climb Thrust. • Idle: No power. • Max reverse. Power Thrust variation with OAT Weight Thrust N1 EGT limit Tref OAT DATE: SEP 2006 Page 135 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.9.2. Flexible TakeOff 7.9.2.1. Flex Temperature Weight Thrust Available Thrust Thrust reduction must not exceed 25%, to quickly recover full available TOGA thrust if necessary. Flat rated Thrust EGT Limit Max TOW Actual TOW Needed Thrust 25% reduction max T Flex max OAT Flex TakeOff: what for ? TakeOff without using full thrust reduces: • the probability of a failure (safety aspect), • the engine deterioration rate and associated maintenance costs (economic aspect). Flex TakeOff: The pilot types the Flex. Temp. in the MCDU: Setting thrust levers on FLX will provide the necessary thrust for TakeOff. Tref Flex Temp OAT DATE: SEP 2006 Page 136 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 7.9.3. Derated Takeoff` Short runway: TOGA is used & V1 min is high V2 V1=VMCG VR 35ft ACC STOP This is due to excess of thrust The present take off weight is VMCG limited, because of a short ASD and a high V1 min. We can observe a large excess of thrust after lift off. This excess of performance (thrust) is penalizing on ground and not necessary after lift off. V1=VMCG VR 35ft ACC STOP If, for the same TO weight, the maximum TO thrust is reduced or derated by a given percentage of X%, the associated VMCG is decreased. Consequently: – – – V1 may be reduced, ACC/STOP distance is decreased accordingly, climb out performance may still be met. Thus derated take off may allow to increase TO weight DATE: SEP 2006 Page 137 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER The Derated TO thrust is therefore to be considered as the maximum TO thrust rating available for a given take off. It determines the new VMCG and the new VMCA applicable during that take off. The use of Derated take off thrust: • increases payloads when operating on: - short runways, - contaminated runways. • also saves engine life. Each derate level is certified and is associated to a new set of performance data Certified -4% Certified -8% Certified -12% Certified -16% Certified -20% Certified -24% engine engine engine engine engine engine DATE: SEP 2006 Page 138 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Principle Advantages of derated take off : TOGA Thrust • • • significant reduction of engine stress (like Flex TO), decreasing TOGA will also decrease VMCG, and the available value of V1, which enables short TO, allowed on contaminated Runways. Max. thrust available OAT (°C) -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 ! Flexible thrust • Thrust level is less than TOGA 6 level of derate available: 4%,8%,12%,16%,20%,24%. The original TOGA will never be available during TO. Derated thrust • Thrust level is less than TOGA • A new set of performance data is provided in the Flight Manual for each derate level. • TOGA selection is not possible during Take-Off. • Thrust setting parameters are considered as an operating limit for Take-Off. • Derated Take-Off is allowed on contaminated runways. • Performance for a flex Take-Off is computed by adjusting the max Take-Off thrust performance. • At any moment it is possible to recover TOGA. • Thrust setting parameters for flex Take-Off are not considered as Take-Off operating limits. • Flex Take-Off cannot be performed on contaminated runways. DATE: SEP 2006 Page 139 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK DATE: SEP 2006 Page 140 ZUAD172 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL LANDING PERFORMANCE REMINDER 8. LANDING PERFORMANCE REMINDER CONTENTS: 8.1. Definitions ................................................................................................................................................................. 142 8.1.1. Landing Distance Available ............................................................................................................................ 142 8.1.2. Actual landing distance ................................................................................................................................... 142 8.1.3. Required Landing Distance ............................................................................................................................. 144 8.2. Dispach Requirements .............................................................................................................................................. 146 8.2.1. Required Landing Distance ............................................................................................................................. 146 8.3. In Flight Requirements.............................................................................................................................................. 147 8.3.1. Actual Landing Distance ................................................................................................................................. 147 DATE: SEP 2006 Page 141 ZUAD182 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL LANDING PERFORMANCE REMINDER 8.1. Definitions 8.1.1. Landing Distance Available LDA = Landing Distance Available LDA ≤ TORA (shifted threshold) LDA 8.1.2. Actual landing distance Braking means : - Brakes - Spoilers - Antiskid GS = 0 kt ALD The Actual Landing Distance (ALD) is the distance required to land and bring the aircraft to a complete stop from a height of 50 ft above the runway DATE: SEP 2006 Page 142 ZUAD182 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL LANDING PERFORMANCE REMINDER VAPP = 1.23 Vs1g 50 ft GS = 0 kt ALD Maximum braking is assumed from the touchdown Actual Landing Distances are demonstrated during flight tests Actual Landing Distance: factors of influence Landing distance calculation is made for : - ISA temperature - slope = 0% - standard QNH - landing weight (LW) - wind - airport elevation DATE: SEP 2006 Page 143 ZUAD182 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL LANDING PERFORMANCE REMINDER 8.1.3. Required Landing Distance 50 ft GS = 0 kt ALD Dry Runway (No reversers): RLDDRY = ALDDRY 0.6 = 1.667 x ALDDRY 50 ft GS = 0 kt ALD Wet Runway (No reversers): RLDWET = 1.15 x RLDDRY RLDWET = 1.15 x 1.667 x ALDDRY RLDWET = 1.917 x ALDDRY DATE: SEP 2006 Page 144 ZUAD182 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL LANDING PERFORMANCE REMINDER 50 ft GS = 0 kt ALD Contaminated Runway (With or without reversers): RLDCONTA = MAX (1.15 x ALDCONTA ; RLDWET ) JAR-OPS only DATE: SEP 2006 Page 145 ZUAD182 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL LANDING PERFORMANCE REMINDER 8.2. Dispach Requirements 8.2.1. Required Landing Distance In all cases, and for both regulations ( JAR and FAR ), the requirement is: RLD ≤ LDA On Dry Runways: RLD dry = ALD / 0.6 ≤ LDA On Wet Runways: RLD wet = 1.15 RLD dry ≤ LDA On Contaminated Runways (JAR-OPS operators only): ALD contaminated x 1.15 RLD contaminated = the greatest of RLD ≤ LDA For contaminated runways, the manufacturer must provide landing performance data and detailed instructions about the use of antiskid, reverse, airbrake or spoilers. DATE: SEP 2006 Page 146 ZUAD182 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL LANDING PERFORMANCE REMINDER 8.3. In Flight Requirements 8.3.1. Actual Landing Distance JAR ALD x coefficient (system failure) ≤ LDA The safety margin remains at the Captain’s discretion. FAR ALD x coefficient (system failure) x 1.15 ≤ LDA The 1.15 factor is not requested in case of emergency (to be evaluated by the flight crew). « NEW RULE » ( Safety Alert For operators from 31st Aug 2006 ) ALD must account for: - Pressure altitude - Wind - Surface condition (dry, wet or contaminated) - Approach speed - Landing weight & configuration - Planned use of airplane ground deceleration devices (brakes, spoilers, antiskid, reversers) DATE: SEP 2006 Page 147 ZUAD182 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL LANDING PERFORMANCE REMINDER THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK DATE: SEP 2006 Page 148 ZUAD182
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