A. P. J.Abdul Kalam This article is about the former President of India. For the Madras Presidency and now in the State of Tamil the Indian freedom fighter, see Abul Kalam Azad. Nadu. His father Jainulabudeen was a boat owner and In this Indian name, the name Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen is imam of a local mosque;[9] his mother Ashiamma was a a patronymic, not a family name, and the person should housewife.[10][11][12][13] His father owned a ferry that took be referred to by the given name, Abdul Kalam. Hindu pilgrims back and forth between Rameswaram and the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi.[14][15] Kalam Warning: Page using Template:Infobox officeholder was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in his with unknown parameter “ethnicity” (this message is family.[16][17][18] His ancestors had been wealthy traders shown only in preview). and landowners, with numerous properties and large tracts of land. Their business had involved trading gro- ceries between the mainland and the island and to and Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam better known from Sri Lanka, as well as ferrying pilgrims between as A.P.J. Abdul Kalam i /ˈæbdʊl kəˈlɑːm/; (15 Octo- the mainland and Pamban. As a result, the family ac- ber 1931 – 27 July 2015) was the 11th President of India quired the title of “Mara Kalam iyakkivar” (wooden from 2002 to 2007. A career scientist turned statesman, boat steerers), which over the years became shortened Kalam was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, to “Marakier.” With the opening of the Pamban Bridge and studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent to the mainland in 1914, however, the businesses failed the next four decades as a scientist and science admin- and the family fortune and properties were lost over time, istrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Develop- apart from the ancestral home.[19] By his early childhood, ment Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Kalam’s family had become poor; at an early age, he sold Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved in In- newspapers to supplement his family’s income.[20][20][21] dia’s civilian space programme and military missile de- In his school years, Kalam had average grades but was velopment efforts.[1] He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of described as a bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire to learn. He spent hours on his studies, es- ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology.[2][3][4] He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and polit- pecially mathematics.[21] After completing his education at the Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanatha- ical role in India’s Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974.[5] puram, Kalam went on to attend Saint Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli, then affiliated with the University of Kalam was elected as the 11th President of India in Madras, from where he graduated in physics in 1954.[22] 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata He moved to Madras in 1955 to study aerospace en- Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress. gineering in Madras Institute of Technology.[13] While Widely referred to as the “People’s President,”[6] he re- Kalam was working on a senior class project, the Dean turned to his civilian life of education, writing and public was dissatisfied with his lack of progress and threat- service after a single term. He was a recipient of sev- ened to revoke his scholarship unless the project was fin- eral prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, In- ished within the next three days. Kalam met the dead- dia’s highest civilian honour. line, impressing the Dean, who later said to him, “I was While delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Man- putting you under stress and asking you to meet a difficult agement Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from an ap- deadline”.[23] He narrowly missed achieving his dream of parent cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83.[7] Thou- becoming a fighter pilot, as he placed ninth in qualifiers, sands including national-level dignitaries attended the fu- and only eight positions were available in the IAF.[24] neral ceremony held in his hometown of Rameshwaram, where he was buried with full state honours.[8] 2 Career as a scientist 1 Early life and education This was my first stage, in which I learnt leadership from three great teachers—Dr Vikram Sarabhai , Prof Satish Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 Dhawan and Dr Brahm Prakash. This was the time of October 1931 to a Tamil Muslim family in the pilgrim- learning and acquisition of knowledge for me. age centre of Rameswaram on Pamban Island, then in “ 1 Kalam joined the Aeronautical Develop. Kalam served as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime earth orbit in July 1980. surpassing the 107. along with cardiologist Soma Raju. Prime Minister After the Samajwadi Party announced its support for Indira Gandhi allotted secret funds for these aerospace Kalam. although the projects have In 1969. an in- was also part of the INCOSPAR committee working un. expressed rected two projects. dur- ing the testing phase.[29] R Venkatraman was instrumental in getting ogy in 1960. Kalam made an effort to develop the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle Kalam served as the 11th President of India. His term lasted from 25 [38] country’s first nuclear test Smiling Buddha as the rep. which prompted the government to initiate an asked for a message. He won the 2002 presidential election successful. In the 1970s. Everywhere tional leadership brought him great laurels and prestige in both in Internet and in other media. leaving the field clear.366 Kalam was invited by Raja Ramanna to witness the votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. worked on the sug- gestion by the then Defence Minister. resentative of TBRL. Kalam had first started work Minister and Secretary of the Defence Research and De- on an expandable rocket project independently at DRDO velopment Organisation from July 1992 to December in 1965.[32] However. the director of the site test. been criticised for mismanagement and cost and time search Organisation (ISRO) where he was the project di.[28] sage I can give to the people of the country at Kalam and Dr V S Arunachalam. mission. overruns. said that the thermonuclear bomb had been a "fizzle" and criticisied Kalam for issuing an incorrect report. Kalam was transferred to the Indian Space Re.[13] cal surface-to-surface missile.July 2002 to 25 July 2007. (NDA) which was in power at the time. the tacti- der Vikram Sarabhai.[43] Kalam said of the an- directorship. the cabinet approval for allocating ₹388 crores for the ment Establishment of the Defence Research and Devel.[41][42] the disapproval of the Union Cabinet.[37] In 1963 to 1964. Venkataraman A P J Abdul Kalam[25] on a proposal for simultaneous development of a quiver of missiles instead of taking planned missiles one after After graduating from the Madras Institute of Technol. I have been the 1980s.[29][30] rector of India’s first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in near. that they would nominate Kalam for the post of which sought to develop ballistic missiles from the tech.[11][27] Between the 1970s and 1990s.3 Presidency ity. I was thinking what mes- advanced missile programme under his directorship. with an electoral vote of 922. which was Kalam addresses engineering students at IIT Guwahati named the “Kalam-Raju Tablet”. Maryland. both of which proved to be K. Kalam also di. the National Democratic Alliance pated in its development. along with Rajagopala Chidambaram. R. Narayanan. even though he had not partici. R.[34] In 1998.[33] Both Kalam and Chidambaram dismissed the claims. succeeding (PSLV) and SLV-III projects.[29] Kalam played a major part in developing unconvinced by his choice of a job at DRDO. named the “Kalam- Raju Stent”. President. I am really overwhelmed. Narayanan chose not to seek a second term in projects through her discretionary powers under Kalam’s office. this juncture. Kalam de- veloped a low cost coronary stent.[28] His research and educa. K Santhanam. Project Devil and Project Valiant. On 10 June 2002. Kalam received the government’s 1999. termediate range ballistic missile and Prithvi. Goddard Space Flight Cen- ter in Greenbelt. Virginia. and Wallops Flight Facil. he visited NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton. The Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted dur- approval and expanded the programme to include more ing this period in which he played an intensive political engineers.2 3 PRESIDENCY ” tific adviser to the Defence Minister. named Integrated Guided Missile Development opment Organisation (DRDO) as a scientist.[35][36] In 2012.[11][31] Media coverage of Kalam during this period made him the country’s best known nu- clear scientist. the duo designed a rugged tablet computer for health care in rural areas. nouncement of his candidature: ing the Union Cabinet to conceal the true nature of these classified aerospace projects. but remained executive. another.884.[25] and technological role.[1] In 1969.[28] Kalam played an integral role convinc. the renowned space scientist.[39][40] and both the Samajwadi Party and the nology of the successful SLV programme.[44] . metallurgist and scien.[28] Despite Nationalist Congress Party backed his candidacy.[26] Kalam many missiles under the mission including Agni. Kalam served as the Chief Project Coordinator. He started Programme (IGMDP) and appointed Kalam as the chief his career by designing a small hovercraft. the same wish. with a death row. Hyderabad.[58] He also took the controversial decision to central theme of defeating corruption. Samajwadi Party and In- his presidency dian National Congress proposed him for the 2012 pres- idential election. and technology at Court of India in 2004.[75] Days afterwards. and the Indian In- stitute of Management Indore. accompanied by Vajpayee and his se.[80][81] impose President’s Rule in Bihar in 2005.[68][69][70] After the reports. Kalam was criticised by civil groups over his In September 2003.[46] Kalam became the 11th president of Kalam declined to contest the 2012 presidential poll.[47] and moved said of his decision not to do so: into the Rashtrapati Bhavan after he was sworn in on 25 July. He taught of conspiracy in the December 2001 attack on the Indian information technology at the International Institute of Parliament and was sentenced to death by the Supreme Information Technology.[65] He did not have the sup- port of the left parties.[48] Kalam was the third President of India to have Many. and an adjunct at many other aca- from Afzal Guru. with the me. in an interactive session in PGI stand on the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant.[58] While the sentence was sched.[57] Article 72 of the Constitution of India empowers the President of In. and suspend or commute the death sentence of convicts on death row. who Thiruvananthapuram. He the Republic of India in an easy victory. I want to the President of India. the pending In May 2012.[57][58] Kalam acted on Indian Institute of Science. an honorary fellow of dia to grant pardons. leaving Mamata Kalam’s victory was a foregone conclusion. Kalam filed his nomination papers in the At the end of his term. Kalam became a visiting professor at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong.[76] On 18 June 2012.his willingness to consider a second term in office pro- nior Cabinet colleagues. dia claiming that the election was a one-sided affair and Mulayam Singh Yadav backed out.[60][61][62][63] protesters were hostile to his visit as they perceived to him . the count was Banerjee as the solitary supporter. pressed their support for Kalam.[57] Perhaps the most notable plea was ing at Anna University. professor of Aerospace Engineer- was later hanged. It only reflects their love and ian honour. keeping in view the population of the was accused of not speaking with the local people.[59] In 2011. Kalam expressed Indian Parliament. social network- ing sites witnessed a number of people supporting his candidature.[45] vided there was certainty about his victory in the 2007 presidential election.[73][74] A month ahead of the election.[49] He was also the first scientist thank them for the trust they have in me. to receive a renewed mandate. Shiv Sena and UPA constituents.[79] uled to be carried out on 20 October 2006. the earlier recipients of Bharat Ratna who later became This being their wish. After leaving office. he was affectionately known as the People’s President.[51][52][53] saying that signing the 4 Post-presidency Office of Profit Bill was the toughest decision he had taken during his tenure. I respect it.[66][67] Nearing the expiry of the term of the 12th President Pratibha Patil on 24 July 2012. The polling for the presidential election began on 15 July Mulayam Singh Yadav and Mamata Banerjee also ex- 2002 in Parliament and the state assemblies. he sup- Chandigarh. before becoming the President. Dr Sarvepalli affection for me and the aspiration of the peo- Radhakrishnan (1954) and Dr Zakir Hussain (1963) were ple.[64] However. I am really overwhelmed by this support.[54][55][56] Kalam was criticised for his inaction in deciding the fate of 20 out of the 21 mercy pe. 3 On 18 June. Kalam launched a programme for the youth action on his mercy plea resulted in him remaining on of India called the What Can I Give Movement. on 20 June 2007. a Kashmiri terrorist who was convicted demic and research institutions across India.[50] During his term as president.[82] The country. rejecting the plea of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee. he de- cided not to contest the Presidential election again stat- ing that he wanted to avoid involving Rashtrapati Bhavan from any political processes. India’s highest civil. held on 18 July. Banaras Hindu University and Anna University. Institute of Management Ahmedabad.[78] chancellor of the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology only one mercy plea in his five-year tenure as president. Bangalore.[77] and the first bachelor to occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan.[71][72] The BJP potentially backed his nom- ination. many citizens have also expressed been honoured with a Bharat Ratna. two days later. media reports in April claimed that Kalam was likely to be nominated for his second term. Kalam supported the need of Uniform Civil ported the establishment of the nuclear power plant and Code in India. saying that the party would lend their support Kalam along with Vladimir Putin and Manmohan Singh during if the Trinamool Congress. the Indian titions submitted to him during his tenure. wrapped in try. He took India to great heights. but was able to enter the auditorium after a brief rest. Kalam’s body was airlifted in an ident across the nation and on social media. “our country has lost a great human be- dignitaries paid homage. he collapsed. Kalam travelled to Shillong to deliver a lecture on “Creating a Livable Planet Earth” at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong. He body.[85] Despite being placed in the intensive care unit. and other leaders condoled the former by the President. After a brief ceremony.[87] Prime Minister Narendra Modi Delhi Arvind Kejriwal. Congress President Sonia Gandhi and tion of self reliance in defence technologies.”[99] ISRO chairman A. upon arrival. only five minutes into his lecture. Home Minis- landed at Palam Air Base that afternoon and was received ter Rajnath Singh. K Rosaiah and assurances provided by him regarding the safety features V.[97] President Pranab of 28 July in an air force C-130J Hercules. Over 350.mohan Singh. to his aide Srijan Pal Singh. The flight Mukherjee.[96] The Indian Air Force helicopter from Shillong to Guwahati. Government of India declared a seven-day state mourn- from where it was flown to New Delhi on the morning ing period as a mark of respect. Madhavan Nair de- at the airport by the three service chiefs and national and scribed Kalam as “a global leader” for whom “the down- state dignitaries.[90] His body was then placed on a gun carriage showed the way. last words. Kiran Kumar to Madurai in an air force C-130J aircraft.m IST. in- cluding the Prime Minister. Kerala and Andhra Pradesh. and Uttar Pradesh Chief very closely with Dr. Pon Radhakrishnan and the a passion to convey what is in his mind to the young gen- . IST. Kalam was confirmed dead of Prime Minister Narendra Modi lays a wreath at Kalam’s body. from where it was taken in an army truck to his hometown of Rameswaram.[85][86] He was rushed to the nearby Bethany Hospital in a critical condition. the former President was laid to rest at Rameswaram's Pei Karumbu Ground with full state honours.[91] greatly benefited from his advice as president of our coun- On the morning of 29 July. was taken to Palam Air Base and flown tions to come. who laid wreaths on Kalam’s tific community. Kalam as prime minister and I Minister Akhilesh Yadav.”[98] Former Prime Minister Dr Man- draped with the Indian flag and taken to his Delhi resi.1 Reactions Kalam at Bijnor a week before his death On 27 July 2015. his body was displayed in an open area in front of the local bus station to allow the public to pay their final respects until 8 p. While climb- ing a flight of stairs.[92][93] On 30 July 2015. Upon arriving at 5 Death Rameswaram. there. I worked Vice-President Rahul Gandhi.[94][95] 5. including cabinet ministers Manohar trodden and poor people were his priority.m. and the three service chiefs of said "[Dr.[84] At around 6:35 p. while former chairman G. His life and work will be remembered for genera- the Indian flag. he lacked a pulse or any other signs of life. Kalam’s] death is a great loss to the scien- the Indian Armed Forces. Venkaiah Naidu. Shanmuganathan.[83] body was flown by air force helicopter to the town of Mandapam. Kalam’s body. arriving at called his former colleague “a great personality and a gen- Madurai Airport that afternoon. the governor of Tamil Nadu and the chief ministers of Karnataka. that evening. the Prime Minister. including former prime minister ing who made phenomenal contributions to the promo- Manmohan Singh. were reportedly: “Funny guy! Are you doing well?"[89] India reacted to Kalam’s death with an outpouring of grief. Kalam’s of the plant. Vice-President Hamid Ansari. said. numerous tributes were paid to the former Pres- Following his death.000 people attended the last rites. who had served as prime minister under dence at 10 Rajaji Marg. he experienced some discomfort.4 5 DEATH to be a pro-nuclear scientist and were unimpressed by the governors of Tamil Nadu and Meghalaya. His body was received tleman”. S. Chief Minister of President’s demise. He always had Parrikar. the public and numerous Kalam. a sudden cardiac arrest at 7:45 p.[85][87][88] His on arrival at Palam Air Base.m. and technical progress of India and in ensuring its national source of inspiration to the young generation of South Asia” and termed his death an “irreparable loss to In.” The President of Pak. Maithripala Sirisena. Kalam is portrayed est condolences to the people of India on the passing as a positive influence on a poor but bright Rajasthani boy of former Indian President Dr. Kalam’s humility and dedication to public service death.[100][101] a statesman.[109] ilies throughout his life.[119][120] in mourning the passing of this respected leader. and neighbours went to his eldest brother. Mustafa Kamal (d.[108] The Dalai Lama expressed his sadness 1999) and Kasim Mohammed (d. Ban wrote in his message. visited the Permanent Mission of India to the UN and lences. signed a condolence book. the Premier of Ontario. named Chhotu.security. the country’s flags to fly at half-staff to mourn Kalam’s Dr. becoming known as 'the people’s President'.[118] His few personal possessions included his books. 1916.[121] .” Russian President Vladimir saying Kalam “was a leader greatly admired by all people.In the 2011 Hindi film I Am Kalam. and lit 1000 butter lamps in homage. Ashraf Ghani. who survived him. also expressed his condo. the eldest of to all of humankind.Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and emir istan.m and sleeping by 2 lions of young people to achieve their very best. who has done a lot for cementing [112] mu- self in the welfare of the people”. condolences . with Yameen naming and eternity”. And a. [103][104][105] The President of Sri Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon Lanka. aged 99). dolences on his death. 1997). him as a close friend of the Maldives who would con- tinue to be an inspiration to Indians and generations of South Asians. “Dr. who renames himself Kalam in honour of his idol. Putin expressed sincere condolences and conveyed his sympathy and support “to the near and dear ones of the especially the youth of India who have referred to him as the people’s President”.. Nepalese Prime Minister Sushil ister Najib Razak. he inspired mil. The Bhutanese government ordered two nations.[116] He was ex- and offered condolences and prayers. adding that his death left a vacuum which none and highlighted his achievements as a scientist and as could fill. The only to India but to the entire world.” [106] Maldivian UN joins the people of India in sending our deepest con- President Abdulla Yameen and Vice-President Ahmed dolences for this great statesman. Former president Maumoon Abdul Gay. termed his demise as a great loss Kalam was the youngest of five siblings. followed by the Myanmar Armed Forces. and entire people of India”. Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Koirala recalled Kalam’s scientific contributions to In.the habit of rising at 6:30 or 7 a. He remarked on Kalam’s outstanding “per- ister Sheikh Hasina described Kalam as “a rare combi- nation of a great statesman.lifestyle. government.of Dubai Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum— [113][114] istan Nawaz Sharif also expressed their grief and con. Mamnoon Hussain. some articles of clothing. 6 Personal life oom. Asim Zohra (d. scientific. economic. As a committed educator. called Kalam “an inspirational international leaders—including former Indonesian presi- figure to millions of people. Malaysian Prime Min- to learn from his life”. and I saw him as an outstanding states.deceased leader. I laptop.[102] Bangladesh Prime Min.m.Kalam was noted for his integrity and his simple ical role in the development of the Indian space pro. “Suitably named 'the People’s President'. to the government. Senior General Min Aung three elder brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Leb- Hlaing. Kalam was a man of firm conviction and in. calling Kalam’s tremely close to his elder siblings and their extended fam- death “an irreparable loss”. May [115] he rest in peace Adheeb condoled Kalam’s death.” noting that “we have a lot dent Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. 1995). notably his role in strengthening US–India South Asian leaders expressed condolences and lauded relations and increasing space co-operation between the the late statesman. also paid tribute to Kalam. and a sonal contribution to the social. around the world is a testament of the respect and inspira- man of the world. himself remaining [116][117] had visited on numerous occasions. a CD player and a abroad. at his death. he left no will. as a respected scientist. expressed “deepest a lifelong bachelor.. and would regularly send small Kathleen Wynne. 5 eration”. who had made an official visit to India during Kalam’s presidency. which Kalam sums of money to his older relations. His death is an irreparable loss not tion he has garnered during and after his presidency. President of the United Arab Emirates Sheikh dia: “Nepal has lost a good friend and I have lost an Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan. and Vice-President and honoured and ideal personality.tween our nations. friends.” adding that Dr Kalam would be remembered as a “consistent exponent of closer friendly relations be- dia and beyond”.” Other President of Afghanistan. acclaimed scientist. he gained support both at home and his veena. he engaged him. the tually beneficial Russian–Indian cooperation. Bangladesh Nationalist Party chief Khaleda Zia said “as a nuclear scientist.”[110] United States President Barack Obama extended “deep. he played a crit. as a devoted leader. and Prime Minister of Pak.[117] He never owned a television.Loong.[107] The Commander-in-Chief of whom was a sister. and his possessions join our Indo–Canadian families. ers around the world. “The outpouring of grief domitable spirit. expressed condolences on behalf of the Myanmar bai Maraikayar (b. APJ Abdul Kalam”. In a special gesture. and was in gramme. Bhutanese served as an inspiration [111] to millions of Indians and admir- Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay expressed deep sadness. He is the ultimate stage of tool.of the deceased.[123][124] Kalam’s desire to meet spiritual leaders to help create a more prosperous.[125][126][129][130] In addition to his faith in the Koran and Islamic practice.”[125][139] Following Kalam’s death a month af- ter his final book was released. and an enduring aspect of his monitory of Kalam’s death.[140] legacy.[125] sion. One such incident occurred the day fol- A. daily namāz and fasting guru. is the syncretism he embodied in appreciating var- ious elements of the many spiritual and cultural tradi- tions of India.[138] Summarising the effect that Pramukh fond of saying: “For great men. he was mukh Swamiji. and sprinkled holy water upon.P.”[128] the spiritual ascent in my life . Kalam strongly advocated an ac- . hinagar complex in September 2002. playing the veena (a South Indian string instrument). Kalam recalled be- tudinous issues lay in “dialogue and cooperation” among ing moved by Pramukh Swami’s equanimity and compas- the country’s religious. [and] I would like to en- deavour to work for bringing about unity of minds among the divergent traditions of our country”. had strictly instilled these Islamic customs described being immediately drawn to Pramukh Swami’s in his children. and political leaders.[137] Kalam stated that he the young Kalam the value of interfaith respect and di. citing this incident as one of his motivations for writ- Moreover. demonstrating posure convinced Kalam that the answers to India’s multi. an embodiment of the eclecticism of India’s heritage of diversity”. Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry. and unified India was what initially led him to meet Pramukh Swami.[126] BJP leader L. K. Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji. As Kalam recalled: “Every evening. Kalam stated that "[Pramukh Swami] making friends...[9][125][126] and Pramukh Swami over a fourteen-year period took His father. Pramukh Swamiji has put me in a God-synchronous orbit.was inspired by Pramukh Swami throughout their numer- alogue.2 Syncretism eternity. religion is a way of Swami had on him. “Kalam was a complete Indian. Pramukh Swami and a church priest used to sit with hot tea and discuss prayed for. lowing the terrorist attack on BAPS' Akshardham. as I am placed in my final position in 7.1 Islam of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya.[135] Kalam also enjoyed writing Tamil poetry. my father ous interactions. he made his own spiritual 7.[130] Religion and spirituality were very important to Kalam throughout his life. who Kalam would come to consider his ultimate spiritual teacher and A proud and practising Muslim..3 Pramukh Swami as Guru journey the subject of his final book. one who embodied the best of all the cultural and spiritual A P J Abdul Kalam delivering a speech traditions that signify India’s unity in immense diversity. he learnt Sanskrit..6 8 WRITINGS 7 Religious and spiritual views book he published. including the terrorists. social. spiritual.[136] and listen- ing to Carnatic devotional music every day. in one of his early speeches to Parliament after becoming President. read the Bhagavad Gita[133][134] and he was a vegetarian. the sites of all the issues concerning the island. during which Kalam Rameswaram.[123][125] The first of eight meetings between Kalam during Ramadan were integral to Kalam’s life. an imam. Gand- the head priest of the Ramanathaswamy Hindu temple. since Kalam believed that “respect for other ing Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pra- faiths” was one of the key cornerstones of Islam. the imam of a mosque in his hometown of place on 30 June 2001 in New Delhi. small people make religion a fighting has indeed transformed me. No manoeuvres are required any more.[129] Describing Kalam as a unifier of diverse traditions. he reiterated his desire for a more united India. Congress leader Shashi Tharoor stated. stating that "[d]uring the last one year I met a number of spiritual leaders of all religions . Jainulabdeen.”[123][127] Such early ex.the view that all human life is sacred. Kalam was well-versed 8 Writings [131][132] in Hindu traditions. This was most strikingly evident in the second-to-last In his book India 2020.[126] In 2002. Advani concurred that Kalam was “the best exemplar of the Idea of India.[9] His father had also impressed upon simplicity and spiritual purity. presciently titled Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swami. co-author Arun Tiwari One component of Kalam’s widespread popularity among pointed to this passage as potentially prophetic and pre- diverse groups in India. the Hindu guru 7.[122] In fact. Abdul Kalam Award. a certificate and These five areas are closely inter-related and ₹500. (2) education Following his death. Abdul Kalam.J. Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji. for his contribution work on India’s nuclear weapons programme as a way to to the scientific research and modernisation of defence assert India’s place as a future superpower. The Tamil Nadu state government announced that his cation technology.000 students Kalam. He regarded his civilian honour. The state government also an- to more people. He also • An agricultural college at Kishanganj. how India might realise this five-pronged vision of development.” and (5) self-reliance in critical technologies. was re- supported open source technology over proprietary soft. dents of the state with achievements in promoting scien- tific growth. named the “Dr. will lead to nually on Independence Day.J.1 Educational and scientific institutions It was reported that there was considerable demand in South Korea for translated versions of books authored by Several educational and scientific institutions and other him. constituting an 8-gram gold medal. the humanities or the welfare of students.[144][145] The Government of India hon.[146] In 1997. I intend to share with them experiences.P. he was the recipient of the Von Braun Award from the National Space I have identified five areas where India has Society “to recognize excellence in the management and a core competence for integrated action: (1) leadership of a space-related project”. Pramukh Swami’s The Prime Minister. the Bharat Ratna. (3) information and communi. • India and the US have launched the Fulbright-Kalam oured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1981 and the Climate Fellowship In September 2014. Henceforth. including a research programme for developing biomedical implants.1 Educational and scientific institutions 7 tion plan to develop India into a “knowledge superpower” Government. economic and national security. for the fellowship which will enable .[142] locations were renamed or named in honour of Kalam Kalam took an active interest in other developments in following his death. on his 84th birth an- corruption—became the spiritual vision for the next 15 niversary celebrations.[153] their latent fire in the heart. a new research institute for which the road map is already available. Narendra Modi released the answer—to add a sixth area developing faith in God and commemorative postal stamps on the former President spirituality to overcome the current climate of crime and of India. to resi- food." the state government fur- and infrastructure for all parts of the country. particularly by the Uttar Pradesh state government.[148] agriculture and food processing. reliable birthday.P.J. [21] • A new academic complex at Mahatma Gandhi Uni- versity in Kerala. 15 October. at DRDO Bhawan. • A.[152] high school students.400).[143] nounced it would name a proposed science city after Kalam set a target of interacting with 100. predicting that the use of free software on a large hanganj” by the Bihar state government on the day scale would bring the benefits of information technology of Kalam’s funeral. helping them to ignite their imagina.[150] Swaminarayan Sampradaya. Mr. CBSE has given the when he asked Pramukh Swami.[137] 9. Abdul Kalam Memorial Travancore Insti- tion and preparing them to work for a developed India tute of Digestive Diseases. in New Delhi years Kalam’s life. A. Abdul Kalam Technical University” comfortable in the company of young people. ther instituted the "Dr.” His dream in Kollam city. Kis- ware. Kalam Agricultural College. on 15 October 2015. (4) infrastructure. The award will be awarded an- if advanced in a coordinated way. Kalam received India’s highest and a developed nation by the year 2020.000 (US$7. Kerala attached to the Travancore is to let every student to light up the sky with victory using Medical College Hospital. would be observed across the state and quality electric power.[21] He explained. beginning in 2015.[151] during the two years after his resignation from the post • Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU) was re- of scientific adviser in 1999. and healthcare.9. Puducherry. the guru of the BAPS topics on his name in the CBSE expression series.[155] Kalam received 7 honorary doctorates from 40 universities. which he describes in his final book. Bihar. published just a month before his death. Kalam received numerous tributes.[154] 9 Awards and honours • A new science centre and planetarium in Lawspet.J. Dr A.[149] Kalam describes a “transformative moment” in his life On occasion of his birth day (2015).[141] technology in India.P. “I feel named “A. surface transport as “Youth Renaissance Day. The first Padma Vibhushan in 1990 for his work with ISRO call for applicants was announced on Friday 12 and DRDO and his role as a scientific advisor to the March 2016.[147] In 2013. the field of science and technology.P. . Rajan.[191] Kalam’s writings Biographies • Developments in Fluid Mechanics and Space Tech- nology by A P J Abdul Kalam and Roddam • Eternal Quest: Life and Times of Dr Kalam by S Narasimha. Harper Collins. 760-5. Universities Press.[185] 12 References • Turning Points: A journey through challenges by A P J Abdul Kalam. 14 May 2015. HarperCollins Publishers. a national missile test site in Odisha. Arun Tiwari. Rajpal and 11 See also Sons Publishing[184] • List of Presidents of India • Envisioning an Empowered Nation by A P J Abdul Kalam with A Sivathanu Pillai. The fellowship will be oper.8 12 REFERENCES up to 6 Indian PhD students and post-doctoral re. 2002. Pentagon Publishers.[180] Minveli Media Works Private Limited. 1988[178] Chandra. by A P J Abdul Kalam. Viking. Ramchandani (2000). • My Journey: (titled . Harper- Collins Publishers.[195] • The Luminous Sparks by A P J Abdul Kalam.. Anmol P J Abdul Kalam. A P H Pub Corp. August 2013 by the Rupa Publication. ISBN 978-0-85229- Singh. p.3 Other awards and honours wari. 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