9100 BTS Product Description Ed32rel

Alcatel-Lucent9100 Base Station Product Description _________________________________________________________________________________________ Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Date of Issue: December 2012 _________________________________________________________________________________________ 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 2 / 67 • Copyright © 2012 by Alcatel Lucent Technologies. All Rights Reserved. About Alcatel-Lucent Alcatel Lucent (Euronext Paris and NYSE: ALU) provides solutions that enable service providers, enterprises and governments worldwide, to deliver voice, data and video communication services to end-users. As a leader in fixed, mobile and converged broadband networking, IP technologies, applications, and services, Alcatel-Lucent offers the end-to-end solutions that enable compelling communications services for people at home, at work and on the move. For more information, visit Alcatel-Lucent on the Internet: http://www.alcatel- lucent.com Notice The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. At the time of publication, it reflects the latest information on Alcatel-Lucent’s offer, however, our policy of continuing development may result in improvement or change to the specifications described. Trademarks The following trademarks are used throughout this document: Alcatel Lucent, Alcatel, Lucent Technologies and their respective logos are trademarks and service marks of Alcatel-Lucent, Alcatel and Lucent Technologies. 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 3 / 67 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 7 1.1 Overview ...................................................................................... 7 1.2 Scope of this Document .................................................................... 7 2 9100 BASE STATION OVERVIEW ................................................ 8 2.1 Overview ...................................................................................... 8 2.2 Overall architecture ........................................................................ 9 3 9100 BASE STATION - MODULES DESCRIPTION ............................. 10 3.1 Antenna coupling Level .................................................................. 10 3.1.1 Antenna Network Combiner (ANC) module ......................................... 10 3.1.2 Antenna Network Duplexer (AND) module .......................................... 13 3.1.3 Antenna Network type Y (ANY) ....................................................... 14 3.2 Transceiver (TRX) level .................................................................. 14 3.2.1 MC-TRX module .......................................................................... 15 3.2.1.1 MC-TRX principle 15 3.2.1.2 Key benefits of MC technology 16 3.2.1.3 MC-TRX characteristics 17 3.2.2 TWIN-TRX module ....................................................................... 18 3.2.2.1 TWIN-TRX characteristics 18 3.3 BCF level - Station Unit Module (SUM) ................................................ 19 3.3.1.1 SUMX characteristics 20 4 9100 BASE STATION - CABINETS DESCRIPTION ............................ 21 4.1 General ...................................................................................... 21 4.1.1 Subrack of cabinets ..................................................................... 21 4.2 Indoor cabinets ............................................................................ 22 4.2.1 MBI5 (Multi-Standard Base-Station Indoor) .......................................... 22 4.2.2 MBI3 (Multi-Standard Base-Station Indoor) .......................................... 24 4.2.3 CBIE (Compact Base-Station Indoor Evolution) ..................................... 25 4.3 Outdoor cabinets .......................................................................... 25 4.3.1 MBO2E (Multi-Standard Base-Station Outdoor Evolution) ......................... 26 4.3.2 MBO1E (Multi-Standard Base-Station Outdoor Evolution) ......................... 28 4.3.3 CBO (Compact Base-Station Outdoor) ............................................... 29 4.3.4 CBOE (Compact Base-Station Outdoor Evolution) .................................. 31 5 9100 BTS PODUCT RANGE AND CONFIGURATIONS ........................ 32 5.1 BTS configurations overview ............................................................ 32 5.1.1 Monoband configurations with MC-TRX .............................................. 33 5.1.2 Monoband configurations with TWIN-TRX ........................................... 34 5.1.3 Multiband configurations with TWIN-TRX ........................................... 35 5.2 BTS configurations detail characteristics ............................................. 35 5.2.1 Standard configurations ................................................................ 35 5.2.2 Low-Loss configurations ................................................................ 36 5.2.3 Multiband configurations .............................................................. 36 5.2.4 Configuration built with several cabinets ........................................... 37 5.2.5 Extended cell configurations .......................................................... 37 5.3 Tower Mounted Amplifier (TMA) ....................................................... 38 5.4 TX output power at antenna connector .............................................. 40 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 4 / 67 6 MAIN FEATURES AND CHARACTERISTICS .................................... 41 6.1 Radio - Telecom - Transmission ........................................................ 41 6.1.1 Nominal RF performances ............................................................. 41 6.1.1.1 Frequency bands 41 6.1.1.2 Speech Codecs 41 6.1.1.3 Ciphering algorithms 41 6.1.1.4 TRX modules 41 6.1.1.5 RX sensitivity of TRX 41 6.1.1.6 Multiband capabilities 42 6.1.1.7 Synthesizer frequency hopping 42 6.1.1.8 Power control 42 6.1.1.9 Synchronization 42 6.1.1.10 Transmission 42 6.1.1.11 Microwave integration 43 6.1.2 TX Diversity (Coverage mode) ........................................................ 43 6.1.3 RX Diversity .............................................................................. 44 6.1.4 4 RX Diversity ............................................................................ 44 6.2 Operation and maintenance ............................................................ 45 6.2.1 General ................................................................................... 45 6.2.1.1 Station unit sharing 45 6.2.1.2 Recovering - initiating 45 6.2.1.3 Automatic shutdown 46 6.2.1.4 Unbalanced losses/powers detection and regulation 46 6.2.1.5 Auto-identification 46 6.2.1.6 Commissioning tests 46 6.2.1.7 Software migration 47 6.2.1.8 Firmware downloading 47 6.2.2 Battery backup .......................................................................... 47 6.2.3 External alarms .......................................................................... 47 6.2.4 Temperature control ................................................................... 47 6.2.4.1 Heating units 48 6.2.4.2 Heat exchangers (HEX) 48 6.2.4.3 Direct Air Cooling (DAC) 48 7 ENVIRONMENTAL AND EMC ASPECTS ........................................ 49 7.1 Environmental conditions ............................................................... 49 7.1.1 Environmental conditions for operation and storage.............................. 49 7.1.1.1 Climatic conditions (operation, storage) 49 7.1.1.2 Mechanical conditions (operation, storage) 50 7.1.2 Environmental conditions for transportation ....................................... 52 7.1.2.1 Climatic conditions (transport) 52 7.1.2.2 Mechanical conditions (transport) 52 7.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) ................................................. 53 7.3 Acoustic noise .............................................................................. 53 7.4 Safety ........................................................................................ 53 7.5 Product Environmental Attributes ..................................................... 54 7.5.1 Materials .................................................................................. 54 7.5.2 Disassembly .............................................................................. 54 7.5.3 Batteries .................................................................................. 54 7.5.4 Product packaging ...................................................................... 55 7.5.5 Take back information ................................................................. 55 7.5.6 Documentation .......................................................................... 55 8 POWER CONSUMPTION, BACKUP TIMES AND POWER DISSIPATION ..... 56 8.1 Introduction ................................................................................ 56 8.2 Power consumptions ...................................................................... 57 8.2.1 Conditions used for calculations are the following: ............................... 57 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 5 / 67 8.2.2 Activation of features: ................................................................. 58 8.2.2.1 Downlink Power Control (15 26 30 – B2) 58 8.2.2.2 Downlink Discontinuous Transmission (15 24 60 – B2) 58 8.2.2.3 Dynamic Power Save (15 02 92 - B11 Option) 58 8.2.2.4 Multi-band cell (15 52 50 - B6.2 Option) 59 8.2.2.5 Others 59 8.2.3 Average daily traffic load .............................................................. 59 8.2.4 Example of Power consumptions for Configuration with MC-TRX ............... 60 8.3 Backup times ............................................................................... 61 8.4 Power dissipation ......................................................................... 62 8.4.1 Power dissipation of modules other than TRX ...................................... 63 8.4.2 Power dissipation of TRX modules ................................................... 63 9 RELIABILITY AND AVAILABILITY ............................................... 64 10 APPENDICES ....................................................................... 65 10.1 Appendix A: Related Reading ........................................................... 65 10.1.1 Applicable Documents .................................................................. 65 10.1.2 Reference Documents .................................................................. 66 10.2 Appendix B: Acronyms ................................................................... 67 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 : Overall 9100 Base Station architecture ........................................................................... 9 Figure 2 : ANC module ........................................................................................................... 10 Figure 3 : ANC - No-combining mode & No TX Div mode ................................................................... 12 Figure 4 : ANC - Combining mode & No TX Div mode ....................................................................... 12 Figure 5 : AND module .......................................................................................................... 13 Figure 6 : AND principle ......................................................................................................... 13 Figure 7 : ANY module ........................................................................................................... 14 Figure 8 : ANY principle ......................................................................................................... 14 Figure 9 : MC-TRX Antenna Network connection ............................................................................ 15 Figure 10 : MC-TRX capabilities ................................................................................................ 16 Figure 11 : MC-TRX module ..................................................................................................... 17 Figure 12 : TWIN-RX module .................................................................................................... 18 Figure 13 : SUMX variants ....................................................................................................... 20 Figure 14 : 9100 BTS subrack ................................................................................................... 21 Figure 15 : MBI5 .................................................................................................................. 22 Figure 16 : MBI3 .................................................................................................................. 24 Figure 17 : MBO2E ................................................................................................................ 26 Figure 18 : MBO1E ................................................................................................................ 28 Figure 19 : CBO ................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 20 : CBOE / CBIE ......................................................................................................... 31 Figure 21 : Standard configurations with TWIN-TRX in No TX Div ........................................................ 36 Figure 22 : Low-loss configurations for TWIN-TRX in No TX Div ........................................................... 36 Figure 23 : Extended cell principle ............................................................................................ 38 Figure 24 : Principles of tower-mounted amplification .................................................................... 39 Figure 25: TWIN-TRX module in TX Div & 4 RX div .......................................................................... 45 Figure 26 : Western Europe Case - Average Cell Load over 24 hours .................................................... 56 Figure 27 : Influence of DL PC on TRX Power consumption ............................................................... 58 Figure 28 : Backup time with BU90 batteries ................................................................................ 62 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 6 / 67 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 : MC-TRX basic characteristics ....................................................................................... 17 Table 2 : TX output Power for MC-TRX at module level ................................................................... 17 Table 3 : TWIN-TRX basic characteristics .................................................................................... 19 Table 4 : TX output Power for TWIN-TRX at module level ................................................................. 19 Table 5 : SUMX basic characteristics .......................................................................................... 20 Table 6 : MBI5 basic characteristics ........................................................................................... 23 Table 7 : MBI3 basic characteristics ........................................................................................... 24 Table 8 : MBO2E basic characteristics ........................................................................................ 27 Table 9 : MBO1E basic characteristics ........................................................................................ 29 Table 10 : CBO basic characteristics .......................................................................................... 30 Table 11 : CBOE/CBIE basic characteristics .................................................................................. 31 Table 12 : Monoband configurations with MC-TRX .......................................................................... 33 Table 13 : Monoband configurations with TWIN-TRX ....................................................................... 34 Table 14 : Multiband configurations with TWIN-TRX ....................................................................... 35 Table 15 : TX modules and cables losses ..................................................................................... 40 Table 16 : TX diversity gain .................................................................................................... 43 Table 17 : 2RX diversity gain ................................................................................................... 44 Table 18 : 4RX diversity gain ................................................................................................... 45 Table 19 : Climate type and Heating Units .................................................................................. 48 Table 20 : Environmental conditions specifications ........................................................................ 49 Table 21 : Climatic conditions (operation, storage) ........................................................................ 50 Table 22 : Extended High Air Temperature (operation) ................................................................... 50 Table 23 : Mechanically substances (operation, storage) .................................................................. 50 Table 24 : Mechanically parameter (operation, storage) .................................................................. 51 Table 25 : Earthquake test conditions ........................................................................................ 51 Table 26 : Climatic conditions (transport) ................................................................................... 52 Table 27 : Mechanical substances (transport) ............................................................................... 52 Table 28 : Mechanical conditions (transport) ................................................................................ 53 Table 29 : Example configurations with and without DPS ................................................................. 60 Table 30 : Cabinet power consumption (including SUM) ................................................................... 60 Table 31 : Cabinet power consumption (including SUM) with MC-TRX900, with DL PC and DL DTX ................ 60 Table 32 : Cabinet power consumption (including SUM) with MC-TRX900, with DL PC and without DL DTX ..... 61 Table 33 : Power dissipation example ........................................................................................ 63 Table 34 : System unavailability and downtime ............................................................................. 64 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 7 / 67 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview This document provides an overview and describes the characteristics of the 9100 Base Station product range from Alcatel Lucent. Alcatel Lucent reserves the right to change the technical specifications without notice until General Availability of the product. For more information on features availability, please refer to the Product Bulletins, Feature Planning Guides, Baseline and Release Notes. 1.2 Scope of this Document The scope of this document is the Product Description for Alcatel Lucent 9100 Base Station (GSM) with Indoor Cabinets (MBI3, MBI5 and CBIE) and Outdoor Cabinets (MBO1E, MBO2E, CBO and CBOE) covering SUMX, MC-TRX, TWIN-TRX, Single-TRX, Antenna Network and Combiner. Present edition refers only to the products that are commercially available at the time of release of the document; products (cabinets, modules) of older generation are not mentioned except when applicable; for description of these equipment of older generation (e.g. of the radio modules, that are still compatible with most recent cabinets and can be used in conjunction with recent radio modules), reader is invited to refer to earlier editions of present document. 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 8 / 67 2 9100 BASE STATION OVERVIEW 2.1 Overview The 9100 Base Station range is designed to ensure an outstanding quality of service through very high radio performances and minimum service interruption, and to facilitate all kinds of evolutions: Site extension or sectorization, implementation of future features by software download only, evolution from coverage to capacity mode, IP based transmission. In addition, special attention was given to ease of deployment and maintenance. The use of highly integrated modules and state-of- the-art components results in very high compactness and reliability. The highlights of 9100 Base Stations are: • Outstanding quality of service due to - Very high radio performances, in particular - Guaranteed receive sensitivity, -112 dBm with MC-TRX, is far beyond the GSM requirement - Best-in-class coverage solutions (TWIN-TRX with TX diversity, 4Rx diversity, low-loss configurations, High Power TRX) offer various ways of maximizing coverage of existing or new sites - Radio (synthesized) frequency hopping, antenna hopping, synchronized network and antenna diversity may be used to improve spectrum efficiency - Very high capacity, with up to 9 MC-TRX modules in MBI5 & MBO2 Evolution cabinets, each MC-TRX being capable of 6 GSM carriers in 900 or 1800 band, or W- CDMA carriers (900 MHz) or LTE carriers (1800 carriers), please refer to [R1] for more information about Multi-Technology solutions - Minimum service interruption - Very high BTS availability due to both high module reliability and system architecture - Optimized software release migration thanks to the 9100 Base Station capability to be pre-loaded and to store simultaneously two software versions • High flexibility - Wide possibilities of extensions and sectorization can be performed within the same cabinet, e.g. the MBO2 Evolution and MBI5 cabinets can accommodate up to 9 sectors (3 sectors x 3 bands) with a total capacity of 9 RF modules (for 9 sectors the antenna extension kit is necessary) - Outdoor cabinet’s modularity provides flexibility for hosting extra optional equipment (transmission, batteries, etc.) - Same cabinet and system architecture for GSM 850, GSM 900, GSM 1800 and GSM 1900; 9100 Base Station product range includes mixed configurations (e.g. GSM 900, W-CDMA 900 and GSM 1800 within the same cabinet) - High modularity, with a highly reduced set of modules and a common interface - Large panel of configurations matching every customer needs, in particular possibility to use TWIN-TRX in capacity or coverage mode with remote switching between both modes that does not require site visits • Ease of deployment and site interventions - High compactness - Outdoor cabinet’s extension principle allows an easy site installation - Comprehensive set of self-tests 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 9 / 67 - Minimum maintenance space necessary due to front access only • Future proof - Ready for future features, e.g. GERAN Evolutions, thanks to a software-download based evolution strategy - Supports IP transport - Support of W-CDMA and LTE: the MBI5 and MBO2 Evolution cabinets allow mixed configurations with dual band GSM and dual band W-CDMA (for details see [R1], [R3] and [R4]) 2.2 Overall architecture The 9100 Base Station is based on a three-level modular architecture, consisting of: • Antenna coupling level, • Transceiver (TRX) level, • Base station Control Function (BCF) level, For which a reduced set of very highly integrated modules was developed. The information flow between the Air interface and the A-bis interface is presented below. Figure 1 : Overall 9100 Base Station architecture 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 10 / 67 3 9100 BASE STATION - MODULES DESCRIPTION 3.1 Antenna coupling Level The antenna coupling level is the stage between the antennas and the TRX level; it handles the combining functions as well as the interface with the antennas. With TWIN-TRX, a single Antenna Network module performs these functions for up to 2 or up to 4 TRX, depending on its type AND (Antenna Network Duplexer) or ANC (Antenna Network Combiner). For configurations of higher capacity, a Combiner stage can be added (or MC-TRX is used instead of TWIN-TRX). Thanks to the Antenna Network flexibility and to this modular building, the antenna coupling level can be adapted to a wide range of requirements (reduction of attenuation losses, minimization of the number of antennas…). With MC-TRX, no combining is required, making AND module best suited for configurations with MC- TRX modules. The general functions performed at this level are: • Duplex transmit and receive paths onto common antennas • Feeding the received signals from the antenna to the receiver front end, where the signals are amplified and distributed to the different receivers (Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) and power splitter functions) • Providing filtering for the transmit and the receive paths • Combining, if necessary, output signals of different transmitters and connecting them to the antenna(s) • Supervising antennas VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) • Powering and supervising TMA through the feeder Some of those functions are only available in a given type or a given version of the modules, as described in more details in following chapters. For those modules that include combiners (ANC), the hybrid Wide-band combining technique is used, since it avoids tuning problems and is more reliable compared to remotely tuneable cavities. Moreover it is compatible with the Synthesized Frequency Hopping (SFH). Each sector is equipped with at least one such ANC or AND stage, which features very high sensitivity reception, low attenuation, and minimum inter-modulation products. 3.1.1 Antenna Network Combiner (ANC) module Figure 2 : ANC module 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 11 / 67 The Antenna Network Combiner module connects up to four transmits signals to two antennas, and distributes the received signals from each antenna to up to four receivers (for the normal and the diversity reception). This module includes twice the same structure, each structure containing: • One duplexer allowing a single antenna to be used for the transmission and reception of both downlink and uplink channels- hence minimizing the number of antenna • A frequency selective VSWR meter to monitor antenna feeder and antenna • One LNA amplifying the receive RF signal, and giving good VSWR values, noise compression and good reliability • Two splitter levels distributing the received signal to four separate outputs so that each output receives the signal from its dedicated antenna and from the second one (diversity) • One Wide Band Combiner (WBC), concentrating two transmitter outputs into one, only for configurations with more than two TRX • Insertion of 12V DC current in the feeder in order to provide power to TMA when TMA are used; there is thus no need for separate Power Distribution Unit (PDU) nor Bias-Tee (Feeder Lightning protections, that come with the ANC in case of outdoor BTS, are themselves of a new type, compatible with this DC power feeding) (This function is only available with the new Evolution version of this module; it can be disabled, even if TMA are used, in case those TMA have their own PDU). Except when explicitly mentioned, present edition considers only the new Evolution version of this module, which is equivalent from a functional point of view to the previous one with the following improvements: • Reduced module size (1/4th of a subrack instead of 1/3rd) • Powering and supervision of TMA through the antenna feeders, • New "Snap N connectors" on the TRX side (faster and more secure connection, with compatibility with exiting cables as well as with new cables themselves equipped with "Snap N connectors" ANC of different generations can be mixed in the same cabinet and even in same sector and can also be used either with the MC-TRX module, TWIN-TRX module or with any previous TRX generation. The ANC can be manually configured (on site) in two modes depending on the number of TRX in the sector and on the mode in which the TWIN-TRX module is used: • The No-combining mode for configuration up to 2 TRX if TX Diversity is not used, or up to one TRX if TX Diversity is used (two TRX ports must then be connected to the two Antenna Connector ports of a same TWIN-TRX module); in these cases, the Wide Band Combiner is not needed, usage of Antenna network Module w/o combiner stage (AND) or in case of Antenna network Module within Combiner stage the bypassed mode as shown in the figure below: 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 12 / 67 Antenna A TXA - RXA - RXdivB Splitter WBC TRX 1 TX RXn RXd TRX 2 TX RXn RXd Splitter Splitter LNA Duplexer Filter Filter Splitter Splitter WBC Antenna B TXB- RXB - RXdivA Duplexer Filter Filter Splitter LNA By-pass function By-pass function Figure 3 : ANC - No-combining mode & No TX Div mode • The Combining mode for configuration from 3 up to 4 TRX if TX Diversity is not used, or up to 2 TRX if TX Diversity is used (two TRX ports must then be connected to the two Antenna Connector ports of a same TWIN-TRX module); in these cases, the Wide Band combiner is not bypassed, as shown in the figure below: Antenna A TXA - RXA - RXdivB Splitter WBC TRX 1 TX RXn RXd TRX 4 TX RXn RXd Splitter Splitter LNA Duplexer Filter Filter Splitter Splitter WBC Antenna B TXB- RXB - RXdivA Duplexer Filter Filter Splitter LNA TRX 2 TX RXn RXd TRX 3 TX RXn RXd Figure 4 : ANC - Combining mode & No TX Div mode 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 13 / 67 3.1.2 Antenna Network Duplexer (AND) module Figure 5 : AND module The Antenna Network Duplexer (AND) module connects up to two transmits signals to two antennas, and distributes the received signals from each antenna to up to two receivers. The internal architecture of the Antenna Network Duplexer corresponds to the architecture of the Antenna Network Combiner (ANC) without the Combining Stage. Like the ANC, it comprises twice the same structure, each structure containing: one duplexer, a frequency selective VSWR meter, one LNA and insertion of 12V DC current in the feeder in order to provide power to TMA when TMA are used. Compared to the ANC module, the AND has a reduced size of 1/6th of a subrack instead of 1/4th. Figure 6 : AND principle 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 14 / 67 3.1.3 Antenna Network type Y (ANY) Figure 7 : ANY module The Antenna Network type Y has two Wide Band Combiner (WBC) and is able to combining two times two transmit signals to one output. The function is equal to the WBC function of the ANC. The ANY is used as an additional combining stage in front of the ANC for configuration with more than 4 TRX. Therefore it is possible with one ANC and one ANY to handle 5-6 TRX and with one ANC and two ANY 7-8 TRX. Figure 8 : ANY principle Compared to the ANC module, the ANY has a reduced size of less than 1/6th of a subrack instead of 1/4th. 3.2 Transceiver (TRX) level The transceiver (TRX) level covers GSM 850, GSM 900, GSM 1800 and GSM 1900 functionalities, including full rate, half rate, enhanced full rate, adaptive multi rate, GPRS/EDGE, antenna diversity, radio frequency hopping (synthesized hopping),different ciphering algorithms and ready for VAMOS functionality. Present edition considers only the new TWIN-TRX and MC-TRX modules. 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 15 / 67 3.2.1 MC-TRX module 3.2.1.1 MC-TRX principle In a classical GSM BTS, each carrier is amplified separately. The common GSM BTS installation consists usually of two antennas per sector for Rx diversity. In cells with more than two TRX, carriers need to be combined before being transmitted via one of the two antennas. This combining results in big power losses (To combine two carriers to one single antenna needs one stage of combining which results in a loss of at least 3 dB, i.e. 50% of the power is lost). The MC-TRX (Multi Carrier TRX) aims to overcome the power loss in combiner stages. Within a Multi Carrier Power Amplifier, the carriers are combined before being converted to an analogue signal. The analogue signal (the total of several carriers) is then amplified through one single PA. One single TX path out of the amplifier module contains already several GSM carriers and does not need to be combined anymore. This amplified signal is then transmitted through one antenna. Antenna Network 2x 16W GSM TRX 1x 45W cable, combiner & insertion loss 4.5dB 2x 16W GSM 4.5dB TRX 1x 45W TRX 1x 45W TRX 1x 45W 4x 16W GSM 4 carrier 22W MC-TRX 1.3 dB cable & insertion loss Antenna Network Figure 9 : MC-TRX Antenna Network connection The figure above shows one BTS sector: Left side conventional approach, right side uses MC-TRX to reach the same result • The conventional approach via single carrier power amplifier needs 4x45W=180W of RF output power on the module side to provide 4 GSM carrier in one sector. Due to the loss in the necessary wideband combiner the antenna input is 2x2x16W=64W of RF power in this sector • To reach the same result a MC-TRX needs 4x22W=88W of RF output power on the module side. Because there is no combining needed the desired RF output power of 4x16W=64W is also reached. To be noted that 4x16W are achieved without activation of "Power Overbooking" (DPA) feature • The new Multi Carrier approach needs 180W-88W=92W less RF power to be transmitted to reach exactly the same result. Assuming a certain efficiency of the power amplifier the BTS is consuming far less electricity because it has to generate 92W less of RF power per sector 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 16 / 67 3.2.1.2 Key benefits of MC technology The Multi Carrier technology brings a great flexibility and provides new exciting possibilities: • Due to the de facto removal of wideband combining of GSM carriers in the path to the antenna the overall power efficiency of a GSM BTS is increased. Radio power is simply not lost in the combiner stages anymore. • Dynamic Power Voltage Adjustment (DPVA): With the Multi Carrier Modules Alcatel-Lucent introduces a new technique to further reduce the power consumption. Normally a power amplifier is designed for the highest output power requested. The amplifier gets here a certain supply voltage where it is by design most efficient. A standard amplifier design provides only one supply voltage. But in most of the cases the amplifier is used in partly or even low load conditions where the amplifier is visibly less efficient and consumes more power than necessary. Alcatel-Lucent provides therefore a new innovative technique to enhance the amplifier efficiency also in low traffic situations. The power supply for the amplifier is switchable and provides the best supply voltage for the PA depending on the load conditions in the specific timeslot. From one GSM timeslot to the next this voltage is adapted and keeps the amplifier always in the best efficiency range and therefore reduces the power consumption of the amplifier. • The Multi Carrier technology allows the “overbooking” (DPA - Dynamic Power Allocation) of the physical resource amplifier. Depending on the number of carriers configured on one module a statistical gain can be realized. This gain is due to the fact that not all mobiles are located on the edge of a cell. Radio power not used in a timeslot for a mobile close to the BTS can be used to extend the range of another mobile on the cell edge on the same timeslot but other carrier. So it is possible to either increase the corresponding cell size or to increase the number of carrier used on the MC-TRX. • It is possible to emit GSM alone, another radio technology alone or even two radio technologies simultaneously, e.g. GSM + WCDMA or GSM + LTE. This allows a smooth introduction and transition to the next radio technology of choice. • A module provides a certain amount of physical output power. This power may be distributed over a high number of carriers to provide capacity, focused on a less number of carriers with higher power per carrier to provide coverage. • The MC-TRX allows the usage of two different radio technologies in parallel. This means the physically available radio power can be shared e.g. between GSM and WCDMA or GSM and LTE. It allows the smooth transition from one radio technology to another. 4 GSM carriers 2 GSM carriers 1 GSM carrier + 1 UMTS carrier 4 GSM carriers 2 GSM carriers 1 GSM carrier + 1 UMTS carrier Figure 10 : MC-TRX capabilities Figure above shows examples of MC-TRX capabilities The MC-TRX technology is available first in the 900 and 1800 MHz GSM band. The Instantaneous Bandwidth (IBW) of the MC-TRX is 20 MHz. 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 17 / 67 3.2.1.3 MC-TRX characteristics Figure 11 : MC-TRX module The basic characteristics of the MC-TRX are shown in the table below: MC-TRX 900 MC-TRX 1800 Working frequency bands (uplink / downlink) 880-915 MHz / 925-960 MHz 1710-1785 / 1805-1880 MHz Dimensions (HxWxD) 265 x 106 x 298 mm, pluggable in BTS subrack (1/4 width of a BTS subrack) Weight 7,3 kg Instantaneous bandwidth (IBW) 20 MHz Output power at module level 1x 90 W up to 6x 11 W (details see below) Single branch RX sensitivity -112 dBm (for whole BTS down to -117 dBm, see next chapters) Power supply DC -48V directly supported by cabinet power supply Table 1 : MC-TRX basic characteristics TX output Power for MC-TRX at module level, per GSM Carrier (logical TRX): GSM Carriers (logical TRX) GSMK Output Power GSMK Output Power with low overbooking (DPA) Note GSMK Output Power with high overbooking (DPA) Note 8 PSK Output Power 1 Carrier 90W 90W 90W 60W 2 Carriers 45W 45W 45W 30W 3 Carriers 30W 34W 48W 21W 4 Carriers 22W 28W 44W 15W 5 Carriers 16W 25W 36W 12W 6 Carriers 11W 22W 28W 8W Table 2 : TX output Power for MC-TRX at module level Note: Assumes the module carries the BCCH and overbooking (DPA) 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 18 / 67 3.2.2 TWIN-TRX module The TWIN-TRX module is an ultra-compact TRX module that can be used in configurations in all generations of BTS cabinets and can be mixed with TRX of previous generations. The twin TRX module contains the functionality of up to 2 TRX and has the same size as a single TRX module of the previous generation. The TWIN-TRX can work in two modes: • "No TX Diversity", or "Capacity" mode: in this mode, two TRX (2 x 8 radio TS) are used in the twin module. The two TRX can be connected to different Antenna Networks belonging to different sectors (TWIN-TRX sharing). • "TX Diversity" or "Coverage" mode: in this mode, one TRX (8 radio TS) is used in the twin module, with TX Diversity function: the two branches of the twin module send the same signal, with an optimized time delay between both signals. Thanks to on-air combining and diversity gain, this mode is equivalent to a very high TX power (up to 175 W in dense urban and GSM 900, assuming a diversity gain of 2.9 dB). For the uplink path, either 2-way (optionally with TMA) or 4-way Receive Diversity can be used in order to balance the link budget. The TWIN-TRX module is a product evolution that corresponds to two different strategies in the quest for profitability: • Reducing the cost of each BTS site: As the TWIN-TRX module brings two TRX for the size of one previous Single-TRX module, highly compact configurations are possible. These more compact configurations need less floor space (thus reducing rental cost) and consume less power. • Decreasing the number of BTS sites necessary: With its best-in-class radio performance and the very high output power (equivalent to 175 W in GSM 900) when using TX Div, less radio sites are necessary to obtain the same quality coverage. Using 4RxDiv or 2RxDiv and TMA may be required in order to balance the link budget. 3.2.2.1 TWIN-TRX characteristics Figure 12 : TWIN-RX module 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 19 / 67 The basic characteristics of the TWIN-TRX are shown in the table below: TWIN-TRX 900 TWIN-TRX 1800 TWIN-TRX 800 TWIN-TRX 1900 Working frequency bands (uplink / downlink) 880-915 MHz / 925-960 MHz 1710-1785 / 1805-1880 MHz 824-829 MHz / 869-894 MHz 1850-1910 MHz / 1930-1990 MHz Dimensions (HxWxD) 265 x 106 x 298 mm, pluggable in BTS subrack (1/4 width of a BTS subrack) Weight 7,3 kg Output power at module level 2x 45 W Single branch RX sensitivity -111 dBm (for whole BTS down to -117 dBm, see next chapters) Power supply DC -48V directly supported by cabinet power supply Table 3 : TWIN-TRX basic characteristics TX output Power for TWIN-TRX at module level for one functional TRX: GSM Carriers (logical=functional TRX) GSMK Output Power 8 PSK Output Power 1 Carrier 45W 30W Table 4 : TX output Power for TWIN-TRX at module level The TX output powers above are in capacity mode, i.e. each of the functional TRX achieves these output powers. In coverage mode, i.e. with TX Diversity, a significant extra gain has to be considered (see "TX Diversity" chapter) thanks to on-air combining and diversity. 3.3 BCF level - Station Unit Module (SUM) The BCF (Base Station Control Function) level is ensured by the Station Unit Module (SUM), which is the central unit of the BTS. One Station Unit Module manages several sectors and TRX ("Station Unit Sharing"). The main base station control functions performed are as follows: • Transmission Termination: Handling the A-bis transmission links, up to four E1 A-bis interfaces or electrical or optical Gigabit Ethernet link (the number and sort of usable links depending on used BSS software release and used SUM hardware, see below) • Generating the clocks for all other BTS modules; the clocks can be either synchronized to an external clock reference - e.g. A-bis link, GPS receiver, another BTS - or generated in a pure free-run mode by an internal frequency generator; (the use of GPS is depending on used BSS software and used SUMX hardware, see below) • Ensuring central BTS Operation & Maintenance (O&M) application - Handling Operation and Maintenance Link (OML) and transmission equipment super- vision (Qmux) protocols - Alarm collection - Controlling the AC/DC function when integrated inside the BTS - Controlling the battery (capacity, voltage, temperature, charging current) when integrated inside the BTS 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 20 / 67 3.3.1.1 SUMX characteristics Figure 13 : SUMX variants There are existing different variants of SUMX. These functional variants have different options allowing additional features. The use of the features depends which BSS software release is used. • The GNC (GSM New Class) option provides additional interfaces for the SUMX - Two additional E1 interfaces (then up to 4 E1 A-bis connections are possible) - Optical interfaces (for optical Gigabit Ethernet A-bis connection) - Additional Gigabit Ethernet interface • The GPS option provides an GPS antenna interface for the SUMX - To synchronize the BTS via the GPS satellite signals. - This option allows with the corresponding SW feature the highly accurate synchronization of the BTS and enables BSS features like synchronized network which could visibly increase the capacity of a GSM network in interference limited scenarios. The basic characteristics of the SUMX variants are shown in the table below: SUMX standard SUMX with GNC option SUMX with GPS option SUMX with GNC & GPS option Dimensions (HxWxD) 265 x 52 x 298 mm, pluggable in BTS subrack (<1/6 width of a BTS subrack) Weight 1 kg Power supply DC -48V directly supported by cabinet power supply GPS antenna interface (for GPS synchronized clock) no no yes yes A-bis GigE optical no yes no yes A-bis GegE electrical yes A-bis E1 up to 2 up to 4 up to 2 up to 4 Table 5 : SUMX basic characteristics The same SUMX is used inside the SUMX 19 Inch, see [R2] for details. 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 21 / 67 4 9100 BASE STATION - CABINETS DESCRIPTION 4.1 General A common interface for all BTS modules to be plugged in a subrack has been defined. No dedicated locations within the subrack for each module are pre-assigned. The module location within the BTS is defined taking into account easy front cabling and optimization of thermal dissipation. Easy assembly, dismounting and extensions on site is guaranteed. All active modules have their own integrated power supply. Each basic module supports hot insertion and extraction. No service interruption is thus necessary during most maintenance interventions. A connection area is provided on the top of the indoor cabinet so as to link all external connections to the BTS (A-bis, power supply, external alarms, etc.). The BTS cabinets have been designed in such a way, that an easy disassembling for recycling is possible. All modules are fixed in the sub-racks with Cam-Locks, which can be fastened and unfastened very quickly without need for specific tools. To fulfil strong vibration requirements some heavy weight modules in outdoor BTS are additionally fastened with screws. Snap-In technology is used as much as possible as e.g. for the fan cassettes, over voltages protection for data lines and signal inputs for external alarms. 4.1.1 Subrack of cabinets There is one type of subrack for the different cabinets existing. • Inside the subrack the BTS modules (Antenna Network, Transceiver and Station Unit) are plugged in, the number and type of modules available to plug in is configuration dependent • The bottom of the subrack can be equipped with plug-in fan stages to ensure module cooling; the fan speed is controlled by the BTS (SUM) according to the internal BTS temperature • The subrack has an integral backplane, which provides the electrical and signalling interface for the modules Figure 14 : 9100 BTS subrack There exist two variants of the subrack (see figure above) • standard one for use in all cabinets, but not in CBIE and CBOE 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 22 / 67 • specific one (with half width of standard variant) for use in CBIE and CBOE 4.2 Indoor cabinets Two types of Multi-Standard Base Station Indoor cabinets (also called racks) are available. • the MBI3 cabinet, with three subracks • the MBI5 cabinet, with a capacity of five subracks These cabinets are designed for installation back to back or to the wall; installation in rows is supported. The cabinets have no side doors; the interior can be accessed from the front (all cabling is also accessible from the front side). MBI3 and MBI5 are two independent cabinets. MBI3 cabinet cannot then be extended to MBI5 cabinet. Additional the Compact Base-Station Indoor Evolution (CBIE) is available. The CBIE is the indoor version of the CBOE (Compact Base Station Outdoor Evolution) and is defined for Rural and Street coverage with zero footprints. 4.2.1 MBI5 (Multi-Standard Base-Station Indoor) Figure 15 : MBI5 The MBI5 is available in 3 versions • in 5 subracks version (MBI5) • in 3 subracks version (MBI53) • as shared BTS, hosting 2 BTS inside (MBI5S) 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 23 / 67 The MBI5 cabinet can host GSM or W-CDMA modules or both together, thereby allowing a very cost- effective introduction of W-CDMA, i.e. without impact on site engineering. As shared BTS (MBI5S), the MBI5 cabinet can host 2 GSM BTS inside one cabinet. Such a shared solution with standard modules allows a very cost-effective introduction of two GSM BTS in one MBI5 cabinet. All common cabinet parts are then managed by the 1st BTS via OMC reporting (e.g. external alarms). The basic characteristics of the MBI5 variants are shown in the table below: MBI5 MBI53 MBI5S Depth 45 cm High 194 cm Width 60 cm Wight 130 kg Power supply DC: -48V (40.5 to 57 V nominal service voltage) (-60V possible) Number of subracks 5 3 5 Antenna connectors 12 (18 with extension kit) (6 or 9 sectors) External alarms 16 Mounting floor Protection Level IP 20 Table 6 : MBI5 basic characteristics New optimised version equipped with 3 subracks, but extendable to 5 subracks through a kit containing the corresponding subracks and fans. This provides a cost optimized solution for initial deployment of networks, when most configurations are still with at most 3x4 carriers; at the same time, it lets open the possibility at any time, through the appropriate kit, to add the two subracks and have access to the full range of configurations up to 3x8 carriers: investment in the needed subracks is only made when and where it is needed. These cabinets are designed for installation back to back or to the wall; installation in rows is supported. The cabinets have no side doors; the interior can be accessed from the front (all cabling is also accessible from the front side). The MBI3 and MBI5 9100 Base Station cabinets have to be fixed (floor fixation or wall fixation). Levelling feet can be used to compensate uneven surface. 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 24 / 67 4.2.2 MBI3 (Multi-Standard Base-Station Indoor) Figure 16 : MBI3 The MBI3 cabinet can host GSM or W-CDMA modules or both together, thereby allowing a very cost- effective introduction of W-CDMA, i.e. without impact on site engineering. The basic characteristics of the MBI3 are shown in the table below: MBI3 Depth 45 cm High 130 cm Width 60 cm Weight 86 kg Power supply DC: -48V (40.5 to 57 V nominal service voltage) (-60V possible) Number of subracks 3 Antenna connectors 12 (6 sectors) External alarms 16 Mounting floor Protection Level IP 20 Table 7 : MBI3 basic characteristics These cabinets are designed for installation back to back or to the wall; installation in rows is supported. The cabinets have no side doors; the interior can be accessed from the front (all cabling is also accessible from the front side). The MBI3 and MBI5 9100 Base Station cabinets have to be fixed (floor fixation or wall fixation). Levelling feet can be used to compensate uneven surface. 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 25 / 67 4.2.3 CBIE (Compact Base-Station Indoor Evolution) The CBIE (Compact Base Station Indoor Evolution) is the indoor version of the CBOE (Compact Base Station Outdoor Evolution) The CBIE is identical to the CBOE, except of the air filter. In CBIE an air filter for indoor requirements is used. This allows a cost optimized solution for the indoor use of the Compact Base Station Evolution. For details and characteristic of Compact Base Station Evolution see chapter for CBOE. 4.3 Outdoor cabinets Three families of outdoor cabinets are available: • Multi-Standard Base Station Outdoor cabinets (MBO cabinets), that include the MBO1 Evolution and MBO2 Evolution cabinets; they allow a wide variety of configurations, with a lot of flexibility to extend from one configuration to another or even from the MBO1 Evolution cabinet to the MBO2 Evolution cabinet; as their name imply, they are designed taking into account the multi-standard context: the same cabinets can be used for GSM or for W-CDMA applications; and most of those cabinets even allow multi-standard configurations, i.e. configurations in which radio modules from both GSM and W-CDMA standards are simultaneously present (in fact, only the MBO1 Evolution, due to its compact size/ low height does not allow such multi-standard configurations). MBO2 Evolution can host 2 BTS by left and right part of cabinet, thereby allowing a very cost-effective introduction of 2GSM BTS called MBO2S • Compact Base Station Outdoor cabinet (CBO) that targets specific applications for which the number of TRX per cabinet is low (3 transceiver modules), both at installation time and for a foreseeable future; taking such assumptions in consideration allows to define a very compact and cost effective cabinet adapted for those situations that are typical of rural application with very low density of traffic • Compact Base Station Outdoor Evolution (CBOE), an ultra compact lightweight cabinet which is optimized for smallest footprint and flexible mounting on ground, wall or pole. The CBOE is suitable for single-sector applications like remote rural sites or low layer cells in buildings and in dense urban areas. The CBOE supports up to tow sectors for street or railway coverage. Thanks to the usage of Direct Air Cooling System the CBOE supports an extended temperature range and allows for low TCO. In addition to the outdoor version, an indoor version called Compact Base Station Indoor Evolution (CBIE) is available with same characteristics as the CBOE, except that the filter is adapted to indoor conditions. The AC version of these cabinets is designed to operate directly from external Alternating Current (AC) main supplies. This solution avoids the use of external power supply equipment, which is a gain in term of cost and floor space. The DC version of these cabinets is designed to operate from external Direct Current (DC) power supply voltages. This is adapted when external DC source of current is preferred, such as power supply equipment with rectifiers and batteries or solar panels. 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 26 / 67 4.3.1 MBO2E (Multi-Standard Base-Station Outdoor Evolution) Figure 17 : MBO2E The Multi-Standard Outdoor Base Station cabinet MBO2 Evolution offer operators important flexibility with: • An easy adaptation on-site from the MBO2 Evolution to MBO2 Evolution Shared BTS - The MBO2 Evolution shared BTS is obtained by adapting on-site MBO2E to 2 BTS, which respectively corresponding to left part cabinet and right part cabinet. All common cabinet parts are managed by the left part BTS via OMC reporting (e.g. External alarms etc.). • Dedicated space to answer operator needs in power, transmission or other equipment - up to 2 battery shelves to insert each a 90 Ah battery for backup - AC/DC power supply (for AC variant of MBO2E) - 19'' mounting frames (up to 2x 6U and 2x 3U, depending on used battery or power supply) • One flexible service light provided inside MBO2E • One 220V service socket (to connect e.g. a Personal Computer) is provided inside MBO2E (AC version) • Several features are optional orderable due to individual operation needs - Heating Units - HEX or DAC cooling system - Water detector - Smoke detector - Battery Units - Plinth (depending on site preparation needs) - 19'' mounting frames • An easy site installation (or dismantling) due to the cabinets modularity; the most heavy module weights only 90 kg • A height limited to less than 150cm (without the mounting plinth which is optional): the constraints of site implementation are thus minimized 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 27 / 67 • One filtered external DC input/output is available to connect either an external battery or an external DC equipment - Up to 1000W external DC load are supported if the 6th subrack connector is used to feed this optional user equipment, in this case only five subracks are available for GSM application. • 7 connectors to power options up to 500 W (e.g. IDU, NTL) inside the cabinet are available The basic characteristics of the MBO2E are shown in the table below: MBO2E Depth 74 cm (80 cm on roof level) High 146 cm (161 cm with plinth option) Width 156 cm Weight 292 kg Power supply DC: -48V (40.5 to 57 V nominal service voltage) AC: 230V single or three phase (187 to 264 normal service voltage, 47 to 63 Hz) Number of subracks 6 Antenna connectors 16 (18 with extension kit) (8 or 9 sectors) External alarms 11 free available (3 from outside cabinet, 8 from inside cabinet) 5 pre equipped (HEX or DAC fan, Door Switch, Key Switch, Smoke Detector, Water Detector) Mounting ground (optional with plinth) Cooling HEX or DAC Options/User space 19 Inch, 3 U up to 18 U high (depending of power type and number of batteries) Battery up to 2 branches Protection Level IP 55 Table 8 : MBO2E basic characteristics 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 28 / 67 4.3.2 MBO1E (Multi-Standard Base-Station Outdoor Evolution) Figure 18 : MBO1E The Multi-Standard Outdoor Base Station cabinet MBO2 Evolution offer operators important flexibility with: • An easy extension on-site from the MBO1E to the MBO2E BTS - Create a MBO2E by adding at the right side of MBO1E the extension rack (MBOEE) • Dedicated space to answer operator needs in power, transmission or other equipment - up to 2 battery shelves to insert each a 90 Ah battery for backup - AC/DC power supply (for AC variant of MBO1E) - 19'' mounting frames (up to 2x 6U and 1x 3U, depending on used battery or power supply) • One flexible service light provided inside MBO1E • One 220V service socket (to connect e.g. a Personal Computer) is provided inside MBO1E (AC version) • Several features are optional orderable due to individual operation needs - Heating Units - HEX or DAC cooling system - Water detector - Smoke detector - Battery Units - Plinth (depending on site preparation needs) - 19'' mounting frames • An easy site installation (or dismantling) due to the cabinets modularity; the most heavy module weights only 90 kg • A height limited to less than 150cm (without the mounting plinth which is optional): the constraints of site implementation are thus minimized • One filtered external DC input/output is available to connect either an external battery or an external DC equipment - Up to 1000W external DC load are supported 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 29 / 67 • 7 connectors to power options up to 500 W (e.g. IDU, NTL) inside the cabinet are available The basic characteristics of the MBO1E are shown in the table below: MBO1E Depth 74 cm (80 cm on roof level) High 146 cm (161 cm with plinth option) Width 94 cm Weight 188 kg Power supply DC: -48V (40.5 to 57 V nominal service voltage) AC: 230V single or three phase (187 to 264 normal service voltage, 47 to 63 Hz) Number of subracks 3 Antenna connectors 8 (4 Sectors) External alarms 11 free available (3 from outside cabinet, 8 from inside cabinet) 5 pre equipped (HEX or DAC fan, Door Switch, Key Switch, Smoke Detector, Water Detector) Mounting ground (optional with plinth) Cooling HEX or DAC Options/User space 19 Inch, up to 15 U high (depending of power type and number of batteries) Battery up to 2 branches Protection Level IP 55 Table 9 : MBO1E basic characteristics 4.3.3 CBO (Compact Base-Station Outdoor) Figure 19 : CBO 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 30 / 67 The design of the Compact Base Station Outdoor Cabinet (CBO) is an optimization and allowing very cost effective solutions for rural and road applications with: • a low to medium traffic (not only at the initial network roll-out, but as far as it can be anticipated, in a longer term) • the need to have service available on large areas, despite low traffic density The Compact Base Station Outdoor Cabinet (CBO) offer operators important flexibility with: • An area dedicated to 19" additional transmission equipment, with 3U of height is available • One filtered external 48 V DC input/output is available for external options with a power of up to 500 W The CBO cabinet is available as DC powered cabinet version. The full capacity for modules requires DAC air cooling. The basic characteristics of the MBI3 are shown in the table below: CBO Depth 70 cm High 90 cm Width 72 cm Weight 94 kg Power supply DC: -48V (40.5 to 57 V nominal service voltage) Number of subracks 2 Antenna connectors 6 (3 Sectors) External alarms 14 free available (3 from outside cabinet, 11 from inside cabinet) 2 pre equipped (HEX or DAC fan, Door Switch) Mounting ground Cooling HEX or DAC Options/User space 19 Inch, 3 U high Battery no Protection Level IP55 Table 10 : CBO basic characteristics 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 31 / 67 4.3.4 CBOE (Compact Base-Station Outdoor Evolution) Figure 20 : CBOE / CBIE The CBOE (Compact Base Station Outdoor Evolution) is defined for Rural and Street coverage with zero footprints. CBOE is used for outdoor installation. Ground, wall, pole or mast mounting is possible. For indoor use a variant with a different air inlet filter is available, the CBIE (see also chapter of CBIE). The basic characteristics of the MBI3 are shown in the table below: CBOE CBIE Depth 50 cm High 90 cm Width 37 cm Weight 40 kg Power supply DC: -48V (40.5 to 57 V nominal service voltage) AC: 230V single phase (187 to 264 normal service voltage, 47 to 63 Hz) Number of subracks 2 specific subracks (with half width of standard subrack) Antenna connectors 4 (2 Sectors) External alarms 13 free available (3 from outside cabinet, 10 from inside cabinet) 3 pre equipped (DAC fan, Door Switch, Rectifier) Mounting ground, wall, pole or mast floor, wall Cooling DAC Options/User space 19 Inch, 3 U high Battery no Protection Level IP55 IP43 Table 11 : CBOE/CBIE basic characteristics 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 32 / 67 5 9100 BTS PODUCT RANGE AND CONFIGURATIONS The flexibility of the 9100 Base Station architecture allows building a wide variety of configurations answering various needs. The purpose of this chapter is to describe them in more details. The different possible BTS configurations are sorted in families inside which common principles are shared. • Monoband BTS configurations: o A single GSM frequency band is used (as opposed to multiband configurations) o TWIN-TRX module are in No TX Div or in TX Div mode - Standard: o An interface with the antenna system realized through one single ANC module in each sector (and then through two feeders and two antennas or one dual-polarized antenna); depending on the configuration, no ANY level or one ANY level (i.e. two modules) has to be used - Low-Loss: o For these configurations, the interface with the antenna system is through at least two ANC/AND modules in each sector ("air combining") o This allows to decrease the losses compared to a “standard” configuration with the same number of TRX o Such configurations exist only above 2 TRX per sector - Extended Cell: o Two sectors organized in an inner and an outer cell o Inner cell and outer cell are always Standard configurations • Multiband BTS configurations: o Combination of two frequency bands (GSM 850 or GSM 900 in one band with GSM 1800 or GSM 1900 in the other one) o Within each band, Multiband configurations are of Standard type (as opposed to Low-Loss) with TWIN-TRX module in No TX Div or in TX Div mode - Without Multiband Cell: o some sectors are with TRX of one frequency band, other sectors are with TRX of the other frequency band - With Multiband Cell: o sectors are including TRX with both frequency bands • Multi-Technology BTS configurations: o Combination of GSM and LTE or WCDMA in one cabinet o For more information, please refer to [R1] 5.1 BTS configurations overview In the following chapters some of the possible configurations are described. Additional to configurations with MC-TRX or TWIN-TRX in a BTS, there are configurations with MC-TRX and TWIN- TRX mixed in one BTS or also within one sector possible. (For more details about these configurations refer to the GSM Generic Customer Documentation). 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 33 / 67 To keep in mind is the difference between the TRX module (MC-TRX or TWIN-TRX) and the GSM carriers (logical TRX): • one MC-TRX module have one TX connection and allows to configure 1 to 6 GSM Carriers (logical TRX) • one TWIN-TRX module have two TX connections and have 2 GSM Carriers (logical TRX), one per TX connection 5.1.1 Monoband configurations with MC-TRX The following Table give a summary for Monoband configurations with TWIN-TRX: • One MC-TRX module can be configured from 1 to 6 GSM Carriers (logical-TRX) • In each sector up to 2 MC-TRX modules are possible Max logical TRX per sector (max MC-TRX module per sector) MBI3 MBI5 (Note 1) MBO1E HEX MBO1E DAC MBO2E HEX MBO2E DAC CBO HEX CBO DAC CBOE / CBIE Standard 1 sector 12 (2 MC) 12 (2 MC) 12 (2 MC) 12 (2 MC) 12 (2 MC) 12 (2 MC) 12 (2 MC) 12 (2 MC) 12 (2 MC) 2 sector s 12 (2 MC) 12 (2 MC) 12 (2 MC) 12 (2 MC) 12 (2 MC) 12 (2 MC) 6 (1 MC) 6/12 (1/2 MC) (Note 2) 6 (1 MC) 3 sector s 12 (2 MC) 12 (2 MC) 12 (2 MC) 12 (2 MC) 12 (2 MC) 12 (2 MC) 6 (1 MC) 4 sector s 6/12 (1/2 MC) (Note 2) 9 (2 MC) 6 (1 MC) 6/12 (1/2 MC) (Note 2) 6/10 (1/2 MC) (Note 2) 9 (2 MC) Max MC-TRX module per BTS BTS 6 MC 9 MC 4 MC 6 MC 7 MC 9 MC 2 MC 3 MC 2 MC Table 12 : Monoband configurations with MC-TRX (Note 1) MBI53 (the MBI5 equipped with 3 subracks) has the same initial capacity as the MBI3, to achieve the maximum capacity as the MBI5, the upgrade MBI53 to MBI5 is necessary (possible with upgrade kit) (Note 2) MBI3: 2 sectors up to 12 TRX (2 MC-TRX) and 2 sectors up to 6 TRX (1 MC-TRX) MBO1E with DAC: 2 sectors up to 12 TRX (2 MC-TRX) and 2 sectors up to 6 TRX (1 MC-TRX) MBO2E with HEX: 3 sectors up to 10 TRX (2 MC-TRX) and 1 sector up to 6 TRX (1 MC-TRX) CBO with DAC: 1 sector up to 12 TRX (2 MC-TRX) and 1 sector up to 6 TRX (1 MC-TRX) 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 34 / 67 5.1.2 Monoband configurations with TWIN-TRX The following Table give a summary for Monoband configurations with TWIN-TRX: Max logical TRX per sector (max TWIN-TRX module per sector) MBI3 MBI5 (Note 1) MBO1E MBO2E CBO HEX CBO DAC CBOE / CBIE Standard, no TX div (capacity mode) 1 sector 8 (4 TWIN) 8 (4 TWIN) 8 (4 TWIN) 8 (4 TWIN) 6 (3 TWIN) 6 (3 TWIN) 4 (2 TWIN) 2 sector 6 (3 TWIN) 8 (4 TWIN) 6 (3 TWIN) 8 (4 TWIN) 3 (1 1 / 2 TWIN) 3 (1 1 / 2 TWIN) 2 (1 TWIN) 3 sector 4 (2 TWIN) 8 (4 TWIN) 4 (2 TWIN) 8 (4 TWIN) 2 (1 TWIN) 2 (1 TWIN) 4 sector 2 (1 TWIN) 6 (3 TWIN) 2 (1 TWIN) 6 (3 TWIN) Low-Loss, no TX div (capacity mode) 1 sector 12 (6 TWIN) 16 (8 TWIN) 12 (6 TWIN) 16 (8 TWIN) 4 (2 TWIN) 6 (3 TWIN) 4 (2 TWIN) 2 sector 6 (3 TWIN) 12 (6 TWIN) 6 (3 TWIN) 12 (6 TWIN) 3 sector 8 (4 TWIN) 8 (4 TWIN) Standard, TX div (coverage mode) 1 sector 4 (4 TWIN) 4 (4 TWIN) 4 (4 TWIN) 4 (4 TWIN) 2 (2 TWIN) 2 (2 TWIN) 2 (2 TWIN) 2 sector 2 (2 TWIN) 4 (4 TWIN) 2 (2 TWIN) 4 (4 TWIN) 1 (1 TWIN) 1 (1 TWIN) 1 (1 TWIN) 3 sector 2 (2 TWIN) 2 (2 TWIN) 2 (2 TWIN) 2 (2 TWIN) 1 (1 TWIN)) Low-Loss, TX div (coverage mode) 1 sector 2 (2 TWIN) 2 (2 TWIN) 2 (2 TWIN) 2 (2 TWIN) 2 (2 TWIN) 2 (2 TWIN) 2 (2 TWIN) 2 sector 2 (2 TWIN) 2 (2 TWIN) 2 (2 TWIN) 2 (2 TWIN) 3 sector 2 (2 TWIN) 2 (2 TWIN) Table 13 : Monoband configurations with TWIN-TRX (Note 1) MBI53 (the MBI5 equipped with 3 subracks) has the same initial capacity as the MBI3, to achieve the maximum capacity as the MBI5, the upgrade MBI53 to MBI5 is necessary (possible with upgrade kit) 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 35 / 67 5.1.3 Multiband configurations with TWIN-TRX The following Table give a summary for Multiband configurations with TWIN-TRX: Max logical TRX per sector - band1 / band 2 (max MC-TRX module per sector - band 1 / band 2) MBI3 MBI5 (Note 1) MBO1E MBO2E CBO HEX CBO DAC CBOE / CBIE Standard, no TX div (capacity mode) 1 sector 6/6 (3/3 TWIN) 12/12 (6/6 TWIN) 6/6 (3/3 TWIN) 12/12 (6/6 TWIN) 4/2 (2/1 TWIN) 4/2 (2/1 TWIN) 2/2 (1/1 TWIN) 2 sector 6/6 (3/3 TWIN) 2/2 (1/1 TWIN) 6/6 (3/3 TWIN) 3 sector 4/4 (2/2 TWIN) 4/4 (2/2 TWIN) Table 14 : Multiband configurations with TWIN-TRX (Note 1) MBI53 (the MBI5 equipped with 3 subracks) has the same initial capacity as the MBI3, to achieve the maximum capacity as the MBI5, the upgrade MBI53 to MBI5 is necessary (possible with upgrade kit) 5.2 BTS configurations detail characteristics Following chapters detail the characteristics specific to each of these families, especially regarding the arrangement of Antenna Network (ANC, AND), Wide Band Combiners (ANY) and TRX (MC-TRX and TWIN-TRX). 5.2.1 Standard configurations The interface with the antenna system is through one single Antenna Network module (ANC or AND) in each sector (and then through 2 feeders and two antennas or one dual-polarized antenna). The building of configurations regarding the number and type of used modules depends on the number of used TRX modules (MC-TRX or TWIN-TRX) per sector and is done in the following way: • One AN (ANC or AND) is used for one sector • A MC-TRX could only be connected to the AND or ANC in Non-Combining mode, therefore maximum is 2 MC-TRX in one sector • Using TWIN-TRX (one TWIN-TRX has 2 RF-connections for 2 logical TRX) - up to 2 RF-connections are possible to the AND or ANC in Non-Combining mode - up to 4 RF-connections are possible to ANC in Combining mode - up to 6 RF-connections are possible to ANC in Combining mode and one ANY - up to 8 RF-connections are possible to ANC in Combining mode and two ANY 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 36 / 67 1 up to2TRX/ sect or No-combining ANC or AND Antenna Antenna TRX 1 TRX 2 3 up to 4TRX/ sector Ant enna Antenna TRX 1 TRX 4 Combining ANC 5 up to 6TRX/ sector 5 up t o 8RX/ sect or TRX 1 TRX 2 Combining ANC Ant enna Antenna TRX 3 TRX 6 Combiner (ANY) TRX 1 TRX 4 Combining ANC Antenna Antenna TRX 5 TRX 8 Combiner (ANY) Combiner (ANY) Figure 21 : Standard configurations with TWIN-TRX in No TX Div The number of sectors and TRX depends on the cabinet type (see table above for details). The different sectors of a given BTS can include different numbers of TRX. Sectored sites requiring more TRX than indicated in the table above can be achieved by using of two, three or four BTS at this site. 9100 Base Stations can be combined with BTS of other generations at the same site. Standard configurations with TWIN-TRX use TWIN-TRX in either No TX Div or TX Div mode. 5.2.2 Low-Loss configurations The principle of low-loss configurations is to decrease the losses in one sector compared to standard configurations with the same number of TWIN-TRX, by decreasing the number of combining levels, therefore increasing the number of antennas in the sector ("air-combining"). The low-loss configurations use the Antenna Network Combining module (ANC) in the following way: • Two AND or ANC per sector (therefore four antennas or two with cross-polarized antenna per sector) - Two AND or ANC Non-Combining mode per sector for up to 4 RF connections (2 TWIN-TRX) - Two ANC in Combining mode per sector for 5 up to 8 RF connections (up to 4 TWIN- TRX) No-combining ANC or AND TRX 1 TRX 2 3 up to 4 TRXs / sector Antennas TRX 3 TRX 4 5 up to 8 TRXs /sector TRX 1 TRX 8 No-combining ANC or AND Combining ANC Antennas Combining ANC Figure 22 : Low-loss configurations for TWIN-TRX in No TX Div 5.2.3 Multiband configurations All 9100 Base Stations have been designed so as to allow multi-band operation, following the 'One- cabinet concept': The same cabinets, the same subracks are used for configurations with combination of two frequency bands (GSM 850 or GSM 900 in one band with GSM 1800 or GSM 1900 in the other one). 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 37 / 67 Multiband configurations include GSM 850 or GSM 900 / GSM 1800 or GSM 1900 modules, in the same cabinet with a single Station Unit Module (SUM), which handles the control functions of the BTS (operation and maintenance, transmission, clock generation ...). Alcatel-Lucent proposes two types of Multiband configurations depending on the way BCCH is handled: one BCCH in each band (Without Multiband Cell) or a common BCCH (With Multiband Cell). From the hardware point of view, there is no difference between a configuration Without Multiband Cell and its equivalent With Multiband Cell; only the BTS/BSC configuration data is different. All configurations installed in a Monoband infrastructure can be upgraded for Multiband operation, in either Multiband BTS without Multiband cell or Multiband BTS with Multiband cell mode, by inserting transceivers and antenna-coupling modules operating in the second band and by downloading the relevant software version and data base. As already mentioned, • the 1-sector configurations (single BCCH) are similar from a hardware point of view to the 2-sector configurations of the Multiband BTS (dual BCCH) • the 2-sector configurations (single BCCH) are similar from a hardware point of view to the 4-sector configurations of the Multiband BTS (dual BCCH) • the 3-sector configurations (single BCCH) are similar from a hardware point of view to the 6-sector configurations of the Multiband BTS (dual BCCH) 5.2.4 Configuration built with several cabinets If the needed site configurations (indoor or outdoor, Monoband or Multiband) cannot be achieved with a single cabinet, it can be done using several collocated cabinets. In that case, all the TRX of one sector must belong to the same cabinet. It is possible to optimize the number of cabinets needed for a site configuration (indoor or outdoor, Monoband or Multiband) built with more than one cabinet, thanks to the 'Cell Split over two BTS' feature. In that case, the TRX of one sector can be split over two 9100 BTS cabinets. Various configurations are possible, the only constraint being that following conditions are fulfilled: • Maximal number of logical TRX per cell is 16. • Maximal number of cabinets between which a given cell is shared is 2. • Cabinets between which a cell is shared are clock synchronised in a master/slave configuration • Note: when used in Monoband configurations, cell split feature may allow to reduce the number of cabinets with regards to the solution with one cabinet per sector; but at the expense of a more complex antenna system (two ANC, hence 4 feeders per sector instead of 2 feeders, as for Low-Loss configurations); this has to be considered before selecting such a solution 5.2.5 Extended cell configurations To provide a continuous coverage minimizing the number of sites is the goal of all operators. Particularly difficult is to reach this goal in sparsely populated areas, because of the 35 kilometres limitation in cell size stipulated by GSM recommendations. 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 38 / 67 The Extended cell technology, which allows reaching a coverage range of up to 70 km, is a solution in low traffic density areas as rural areas, highways, off shore, desert areas, and isles in coastal vicinity. An extended cell is composed of one BTS including two sectors. The first sector handles inner-cell traffic up to 35 km; the second sector handles outer-cell traffic, from 33 km to a maximum of 70 km. Depending on the needed traffic, each sector can include from 1 up to 8 TRX. Figure 23 : Extended cell principle 5.3 Tower Mounted Amplifier (TMA) A significant part of the benefits brought by the outstanding sensitivity of the 9100 Base Station can be lost if the losses incurred by signals along the feeder cable between the receiving antenna and the antenna network are too high. As a matter of fact the noise factor of the system is degraded by an amount depending on the feeder loss. The basic idea of tower-mounted amplification is to implement a low-noise amplifier as close as possible to the antenna (figure below), so as to compensate for all losses incurred by received signals. The TMA solution can be used in GSM 900 or 1800, indoor or outdoor configurations. 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 39 / 67 TRX TRX TRX TRX Feeders TMAs Antenna network combining: ANce DUX DUX Antennas DUX DUX Figure 24 : Principles of tower-mounted amplification Tower-mounted amplification appears as an efficient sensitivity enhancement technique; however, both uplink and downlink power budgets must be considered for the calculation of the coverage range: The smallest available path loss determines the range. In that respect, tower-mounted amplification can be beneficial in those cases where system performance is limited by a weaker uplink budget. On the other hand, in the case of a balanced uplink/downlink situation, the introduction of tower- mounted amplification can be an efficient mean to reduce the output power level of all mobile stations. The uplink power control mechanism provided at each base station will force all mobiles to reduce their emission level. Two benefits can be obtained in that case: • A lower output power favourably impacts the standby time of every mobile station, • A lower output power can contribute to minimize the 'electromagnetic pollution' within the service area. However, the introduction of a TMA in a balanced uplink/downlink situation will generate some downlink insertion losses, thereby slightly reducing the coverage. In summary, the decision to exploit tower-mounted amplification may be influenced by system design considerations but also result from the application of the operator’s internal policy. The counterpart of getting a better sensitivity by means of a tower-mounted amplifier is the risk to degrade the blocking and intermodulation characteristics of the base station if the value of the amplification gain greatly exceeds the value of the feeder losses. The attention of operators is drawn to the fact that, in such a case, the site equipment might not fully comply with ETSI requirements settled in the GSM recommendation 05.05. All 9100 Base Stations are compatible with tower-mounted amplifiers, provided the following requirements are fulfilled: • The TMA shall allow for one single feeder to be used for transmit and receive signals, • The TMA shall be equipped with duplexers, allowing for the splitting of uplink and downlink signals with at least 30dB isolation. The transmit signal shall be bypassed to the antenna and the receive signal shall be amplified by a low-noise amplifier. • Multi-band configurations are possible only if the signals used in each antenna are mono band (in fact, TMA module which is used per antenna is mono band). 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 40 / 67 TMA power supply and supervision is provided by the Antenna Network (ANC and AND). So, external power supply elements (PDU & bias-tee) for TMA would be needed only for TMA not compliant with ANCE power supply (12 V DC +/- 5%). Note that an interesting alternative to TMA may be the use of 4 ways Receive Diversity, which requires extra antennas but spares the introduction of these extra active equipments. Also TMA require supervision, which is not the case for 4 way receive diversity. Alcatel-Lucent has in its catalogue various solutions depending on exact frequency bands and types of module (single, duplex, dual duplex). 5.4 TX output power at antenna connector The TX output power at antenna connector depends on the TRX output power and on the losses of modules and cables between the TRX and the antenna connector, according the following formula: TX output power at antenna connector = TRX output power – total TX loss The TRX output power is given in the chapters for TWIN-TRX and MC-TRX. The total TX loss is the loss of cables from TRX to antenna networks and the antenna network insertion losses. This depends on the configuration used The following table gives the typical TX losses of the different modules and cables. This table is independent from TWIN-TRX module mode (TX div or not) and from TX modulation (GMSK or 8PSK): Module or cable Loss (in dB) AND 0.8 ANC in Non-Combining mode 0.8 ANC in Combining mode 4.2 ANY 3.3 cable TRX to ANY 0.2 cable TRX to ANC/AND 0.2 cable ANY to ANC/AND 0.2 cable ANC/AND to Top Of Cabinet (TOC) 0.3 Table 15 : TX modules and cables losses 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 41 / 67 6 MAIN FEATURES AND CHARACTERISTICS 6.1 Radio - Telecom - Transmission 6.1.1 Nominal RF performances 6.1.1.1 Frequency bands The hardware supports the GSM 850, Extended GSM 900, the GSM 1800 and the GSM 1900 bands: Uplink Downlink GSM 850 824 MHz to 849 MHz 869 MHz to 894 MHz P-GSM 900 890 MHz to 915 MHz 935 MHz to 960 MHz E-GSM 900 880 MHz to 915 MHz 925 MHz to 960 MHz GSM 1800 1710 MHz to 1785 MHz 1805 MHz to 1880 MHz GSM 1900 1850 MHz to 1910 MHz 1930 MHz to 1990 MHz 6.1.1.2 Speech Codecs Full rate (FR), half rate (HR), enhanced full rate (EFR), Narrow Band Adaptive multi rate (AMR-NB) and Full Rate Wide Band Adaptive multi rate (AMR-WB) are supported. The half-rate, enhanced full- rate and adaptive multi-rate functioning requires that the BSS software release and the other network elements also support these codecs. Please refer to the respective Functional Feature Description (FFD) for more details. 6.1.1.3 Ciphering algorithms The BTS range supports A5/1, A5/2 (which is not allowed anymore) and A5/3 ciphering algorithms; A5/0 = ‘no ciphering’ is always supported. On top of above mentioned ciphering algorithms, BTS supports also randomization of Layer 2 fill bits. 6.1.1.4 TRX modules The MC-TRX and TWIN-TRX module are EDGE and VAMOS capable; they can be mixed with TRX of previous generations, and used with Antenna Networks (MC-TRX starting from ANC generation) and BTS cabinets of any generation; when used with cabinets of older generations, the maximum number of TRX is at least the same as that initially possible (i.e. when using single TRX modules), and in many cases even higher. See also chapter 'Transceiver (TRX) level'. For older generation of SUMX (Single-TRX) please refer to previous versions of this document. 6.1.1.5 RX sensitivity of TRX The 9100 BTS has an excellent RX sensitivity of down to -117 dBm. This value results from the combined effects of: • An outstanding single-branch RX sensitivity of –112 dBm (MC-TRX) or -111 dBm for all other TRX generations for FR speech channels, without TMA; this value is guaranteed in all 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 42 / 67 propagation environments and all frequency bands, independently from the number of combiner levels; it is 7dB better than 3GPP specification requirements • 2 RX Diversity, that is available in all configurations, and for which sophisticated algorithms are implanted (see below for more details on 2 RX Diversity and 4 RX Diversity). In GPRS/EDGE, the 9100 BTS achieves also superior performances, typically between 6 and 9dB better than 3GPP requirements. It is important also to consider the reference interference levels since GPRS/EDGE throughputs are very dependent on interference. 6.1.1.6 Multiband capabilities Thanks to the high flexibility of the 9100 Base Station, GSM 850 and GSM 1800 TRX or GSM 850 and GSM 1900 TRX or GSM 900 and GSM 1800 TRX or GSM 900 and GSM 1900 TRX can be located in the same cabinet with a single Station Unit Module (SUM). 6.1.1.7 Synthesizer frequency hopping Synthesizer frequency hopping (or so-called radio frequency hopping) is supported by the whole BTS range, its use being optional. Two frequency hopping modes are available: • - Standard RF hopping mode: A cell with N TRX can have N-1 TRX hopping (the TRX carrying the BCCH is not hopping), on M frequencies (M usually > N) • - Pseudo baseband RF hopping mode: A cell with N TRX can have all its N TRX hopping on N frequencies 6.1.1.8 Power control The power control is according to GSM: Dynamic 30 dB - step size 2 dB. 6.1.1.9 Synchronization The clocks can be • Generated in a pure free-run mode by an internal frequency generator (up to 1 year operation) • Synchronized to an external clock reference: - A-bis link (PCM-synchronized), - Another BTS (slave mode), previous BTS generation may be used; - GPS receiver; - NTP protocol: for IPoEth BTS, BTS is synchronized through NTP: a stratum 1 NTP server (i.e. typically synchronised by GPS) delivers NTP messages to the BTS - GSM BS is also hardware ready to further support synchronization through 1588 PTP protocol. 6.1.1.10 Transmission Up to four physical A-bis interfaces, allowing a flexible connection of base stations to the BSC in star, chain or loop configuration, are realized according to ITU-T recommendations G.703/G.704. In case high throughputs (> 2 Mbit/s) are necessary on the A-bis interface, more than one A-bis interface can be configured as inputs for the BTS. Also a Gigabit Ethernet transmission option is realized on the SUM hardware. It addresses highest traffic demands and allows IP over Ethernet on the A-bis link in the corresponding software release supporting those functions. In addition, Alcatel-Lucent supports signal attenuation on A-bis of up to 36 dB, which allows that base stations can be connected with increased transmission distances without any repeater. In case of BTS power shutdown, the A-bis link is not interrupted for the following BTS (by-pass mechanism). 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 43 / 67 For A-bis termination impedance value, two standards exist: 75 or 120 ohm. Depending on the country and /or the operator, the A-bis termination impedance can be one of these two values. The 9100 Base Station accepts the two values. It is configured on site, during commissioning, to the value used by the operator. 6.1.1.11 Microwave integration Microwave links are one of the possibilities to provide 2Mbit/s links required for connection to the BSC or to other BTS. Microwave equipment is typically made of two parts: • A "radio part" that includes the antenna and the associated transmitter/receiver; this part is typically installed outdoor, where the antenna must be, and is thus also called the "Outdoor Unit" (ODU). • A "baseband part" that takes in charge base band processing plus other common functions; this second part is designed to be installed indoor, and is thus also called the "Indoor Unit" (IDU) 9100 outdoor BTS provide space (details see chapters describing the cabinets) for integration of several IDU, more than enough for the typical needs of a BTS site. When several IDU are integrated in the BTS a Digital Distribution Frame (DDF) shall be used to branch 2Mbit signals between SUM and individual MW links (e.g. chain configuration). The exact number of IDU that can be used depends on the mechanical and electrical characteristics of these IDU, and possibly on the use of other additional equipment (e.g. NTL for PCM line termination) that would use the same resources inside the Mounting Frame for 19" equipment, power supply connectors, power dissipation limit, power consumption limit, etc. As far as microwaves are concerned, the required DDF is 3U high (at least the standard one proposed for 120 Ohm transmissions); IDU are typically 1U high each; this allows assessing the maximum number of IDU that can be used. 6.1.2 TX Diversity (Coverage mode) TX Diversity feature is possible with TWIN-TRX module in coverage mode only. In this case, the TWIN-TRX module handles one TRX. The two branches of the TWIN-TRX module send the same TRX signal to two different antennas, thereby leading to an on-air combining gain of 3dB. In order to ensure de-correlated propagation, both signals are sent with a short time delay in-between, optimized to take maximum advantage of the MS equalizer. This leads to an additional diversity gain of up to 3dB. TX Diversity works with all types of Mobile stations since it is fully transparent to the receiver; this feature takes advantage of the MS equalizer which can already handle multiple paths with different times of arrival. Consequently, the equivalent TX output power is very high, up to 6dB above the nominal TX output power, which improves the coverage and reduces the number of sites needed to cover a given area, provided the link budget remains balanced or downlink-limited The table below provides the typical gains achieved thanks to TX Diversity and the equivalent TX output power that can be considered for link budget calculations. Note that such gains are environment-dependent since they are highly related to the level of de-correlation between paths. Environment Total TX diversity gain Equivalent TX output power (GMSK) Dense Urban (TU3) 5.9 dB 52.4dBm (175W) Sub Urban (TU50) 4.6 dB 51.1dBm (129W) Rural (RA100) 4 dB 50.5dBm (113W) Table 16 : TX diversity gain 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 44 / 67 In 8-PSK, the TX diversity gain is highly dependent on the coding scheme, the environment and the level of Carrier to Interference+Noise Ratio. No significant gains are expected 6.1.3 RX Diversity The TRX module supports enhanced diversity combining in all frequency bands, which is based on several algorithms: • A beam-forming algorithm to improve the received signal by steering a beam in the direction of the mobile. This is one way of doing smart antennas, • An algorithm to reduce interference: this mitigates the influence of interferers by steering a null beam in the direction of the main interferer (the phase difference between the two antennas for the strongest interfering signal is estimated and then this interfering signal is strongly attenuated by summing the signals with an inversed phase). Maximum efficiency of enhanced diversity combining is achieved when the useful/desired signal and the interfering signals emanate from different directions. In interference-limited environments, beam-forming algorithms will provide a much greater diversity gain compared to traditional maximum ratio combining. The above mentioned algorithms are working together in a way to combat spatial interferer signals while keeping optimal sensitivity performance for undisturbed but week reception. The table below provides the typical gains achieved thanks to 2RX enhanced Diversity and the equivalent Rx sensitivity that can be considered for link budget calculations. Note that such gains are environment-dependent since they are highly related to the level of de-correlation between paths. The gains include all contributions: • Diversity gain coming from the fact that the signals received on both antennas are de- correlated (this requires using Xpol antennas or largely spaced antennas) • Array-Gain or Beam forming gain: coming from the fact, that co-phased signals are added (stronger combined signal power) for this direction • Null Steering / Interference Reduction (with a spatial interferer) coming from a algorithm which reduces the interference (the figures below assume a standard interference margin is considered for the link budget) Environment Total 2RX diversity gain Equivalent RX sensitivity (without TMA) Dense Urban (TU3) 6 dB -117dBm Sub Urban (TU50) 5 dB -116dBm Rural (RA100) 3.5 dB -114.5dBm Table 17 : 2RX diversity gain 2 RX diversity allows improving the uplink thereby enlarging coverage (less sites needed) for balanced or uplink-limited link budgets. This feature is provided as a standard feature for all configurations (i.e. using two vertical-polarized antennas per sector or one cross-polarized antenna). A TMA may be needed in order to better balance the link budget, especially if High Power or TX diversity is used. 2 RX diversity also provides significant benefits for GPRS/EDGE since it allows achieving higher throughputs for given radio conditions. 6.1.4 4 RX Diversity 4 RX diversity is supported by the TWIN-TRX module in coverage mode only. It uses exactly the same algorithms as for 2Rx diversity, i.e. beam-forming techniques are implemented. The table below 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 45 / 67 provides the typical gains achieved thanks to 4RX enhanced Diversity and the equivalent Rx sensitivity that can be considered for link budget calculations. Environment Total 4RX diversity gain Equivalent RX sensitivity (without TMA) Dense Urban (TU3) 10 dB -121dBm Sub Urban (TU50) 8.6 dB -119.6dBm Rural (RA100) 6.4 dB -117.4dBm Table 18 : 4RX diversity gain 4 RX diversity also provides significant benefits for GPRS/EDGE since it allows achieving higher throughputs for given radio conditions. The diagram below shows that 4RX Diversity requires two Antenna Network modules per sector, thereby needing either 4 vertical-polarized or 2 cross-polarized antennas. Antenna Network Antenna Network TX1 RX1 TX2 RX3 RX2 0 RX4 TWIN TRX Figure 25: TWIN-TRX module in TX Div & 4 RX div 6.2 Operation and maintenance 6.2.1 General 6.2.1.1 Station unit sharing A single Station Unit Module (SUM) supports any BTS configuration, whatever the number of TRX and sectors. 6.2.1.2 Recovering - initiating In case of interruptions on A-bis or of power supply, the BTS recovers automatically when the failure has disappeared. The service interruption is minimized at initiation or restart: The 9100 Base Station performs a fast restart after a breakdown (BTS software files are stored in a non-volatile memory). Only the minimum necessary files are required from the BSC. 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 46 / 67 6.2.1.3 Automatic shutdown For AC powered base stations, automatic progressive shutdown is performed in case of mains power failure so as to save the battery capacity, thus increasing the backup time. In such a situation, a timer is set and when it expires, TRX are switched off with the exception of the BCCH TRX. If the BCCH TRX is configured without SDCCH and/or TCH, the TRX which carries the missing SDCCH and/or TCH is also kept powered so that calls are still possible in the cell. When the mains comes back during battery usage, for a given time (BTS timer), the TRX previously switched off for automatic shutdown, are autonomously switched on and initialized, in order to be used by the system. The value of the timers can be modified via the BTS terminal equipment. The automatic shutdown feature can be activated or de-activated by the operator from BTS terminal. 6.2.1.4 Unbalanced losses/powers detection and regulation The BTS is able to detect unbalanced losses/powers within a sector and automatically compensate it. This enables the use of TRX of different power within the same sector, or the use of different combining path for TRX belonging to the same sector. The balancing feature can be disabled by operator, if the goal is to have unbalanced TRX (e.g. concentric cell functionality by using TRX of different output power). Auto-detection (release dependent) Through internal periodic hardware polling, the BTS is able to detect any new plugged-in hardware components (TRX, coupling elements…) and informs the BSC (Auto HW detection). This facility allows to simplify and speed up the BTS extension (typically add TRX), with no need for the operator to describe explicitly neither the BTS configuration, nor its hardware capabilities. 6.2.1.5 Auto-identification The following parameters are stored and are accessible from the BTS terminal equipment and in a second step from the OMC-R: • Type and location for each managed module (i.e. replaceable units), • The sector to which each Antenna Network module belongs to, • The mapping TRX / Antenna Network, and the connectivity status, • The hardware capabilities, • All the installed BTS hardware and software modules. 6.2.1.6 Commissioning tests In order to reduce the commissioning time, a set of dedicated auto tests has been developed. These tests are used to check that the BTS will operate correctly according to the expected configuration. Two kinds of test can be run: • Checking that the BTS has not suffered a fatal damage during transport and installation, • Checking the complete BTS configuration (hardware, software, and parameter configuration). 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 47 / 67 6.2.1.7 Software migration Thanks to the 9100 Base Station capability to be pre-loaded and to store simultaneously two software-versions (with the possibility of activating one or the other on request from the BSC), the software migration is performed with very minimum service interruption. 6.2.1.8 Firmware downloading All firmware are downloadable, except boot firmware 6.2.2 Battery backup For outdoor AC cabinets, following choices are offered depending on the backup time required (with no impact on the maximum number of TRX available in the cabinet): • Up to two 90 Ah batteries can be integrated in the MBO1 Evolution or MBO2 Evolution cabinets (the space occupied by one battery can be alternatively used by a 6U Mounting Frame for 19" equipment; using two batteries thus excludes such Mounting Frames; in MBO2 cabinet, another 3U space remains available in the right part of the cabinet in any case) • Up to three 90 Ah batteries in an external dedicated outdoor cabinet (in which case no internal battery can be used) For more details on battery backup (e.g. battery backup times), please refer to chapter 'Power Consumption, Backup Times and Power Dissipation”. 6.2.3 External alarms For all BTS, 16 inputs can be used for external alarms. MBO1E, MBO2E, CBO, CBIE and CBOE have the following details: • MBO1E and MBO2E: 11 of the inputs are available for external equipment: - 3 inputs are available from outside the cabinet, with over voltage protection, - 8 inputs are available for optional modules inside the cabinet - 5 inputs are pre-cabled and dedicated for equipment inside the cabinet: HEX or DAC fan, Door Switch, Key Switch, Smoke Detector, Water Detector (the last two being optional) • CBO: 14 of the inputs are available for external equipment: - 3 inputs are available from outside the cabinet, with galvanic protection, - 11 inputs are available for optional modules inside the cabinet - 2 inputs are pre-cabled and dedicated for equipment inside the cabinet: HEX or DAC fan, Door Switch • CBOE or CBIE: 13 of the inputs are available for external equipment: - 3 inputs are available from outside the cabinet, with galvanic protection, - 10 inputs are available for optional modules inside the cabinet - 3 inputs are pre-cabled and dedicated for equipment inside the cabinet: DAC fan, Door Switch, Rectifier 6.2.4 Temperature control In order to ensure appropriate cooling within the cabinets, indoor and outdoor 9100 BTS are equipped with cooling fans. The on/off and speed of the cooling fans are controlled autonomously by the BTS, thanks to some sensors. If a cooling fan fails, the BTS autonomously increases the speed of the other cooling fans, if necessary. 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 48 / 67 Moreover, in order to prevent the internal BTS temperature of outdoor cabinets from rising outside limits despite heat dissipation of modules, exchange of heat between inside and outside the BTS is ensured by one of the two possible systems: Heat Exchangers (HEX) or Direct Air Cooling (DAC). Note: The outdoor 9100 BTS can also be equipped with heating unit (option). But the function of the heating unit is the opposite of the one of the heat exchangers (HEX) or direct air cooling (DAC). In fact, the heating units are used in order to increase the BTS internal temperature when required (which in fact occurs, if ever, during very limited periods of times: see below). 6.2.4.1 Heating units For outdoor configurations, heating units may have to be added according to the climate where the BTS is installed. They are used in order to maintain the internal BTS temperature above 0°C. Note that in general, in the climate where heating units are needed, the case where the internal BTS can be below 0°C is during BTS startup. When the BTS is operational, the internal temperature increases due to heat dissipation of internal modules (e.g. TRX). The following table gives the climate types definition and the number of heating units needed for each climate type : Heating Units CBOE CBO MBO1E MBO2E Temperate and Cold climate 1 1 1 2 Tropical climate 1 0 0 0 Table 19 : Climate type and Heating Units Tropical climate: Temperature range according to IEC 60721-2-1 (T> +5°C) Temperate climate: Temperature range according to ETS 300-019-1-4 class 4.1 (T> -33°C) Cold climate: Temperature range according to ETS 300-019-1-4 class 4.1E (T> -45°C) 6.2.4.2 Heat exchangers (HEX) Heat Exchangers are one of the two possibilities offered to evacuate outside the outdoor BTS the heat generated by the modules due to power dissipation, and thus to prevent internal temperature to increase to unacceptable levels; heat exchangers ensure proper heat exchanges between the inside and the outside of the cabinet, while isolating the airflow within the cabinet from the outside environment; since there is absolute isolation between external and internal air, they offer a very good protection again dust and humidity; on the other hand, heat exchangers cannot decrease the gap between internal and external temperature to less than 10°C. Heat exchangers include their own fans, not to be confused with the cooling fans mentioned above. 6.2.4.3 Direct Air Cooling (DAC) Direct Air Cooling (DAC) equipment ensures heat exchanges between the inside and the outside. DAC system does this by direct air exchange through an efficient filter system, thus reducing the gap between internal and external temperature to virtually zero. Accordingly, the gain of maximum supported ambient temperature by BTS is increased by +10 °C with regards to the heat exchanger system, which makes DAC the preferred solution when ambient temperatures above 45/50°C are requested (see chapter 'Environmental and EMC Aspects' for more information on maximum temperatures). Also, this decrease of internal temperature can only have positive influence on modules MTBF. 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 49 / 67 7 ENVIRONMENTAL AND EMC ASPECTS 7.1 Environmental conditions The environmental conditions define the limits (temperature, humidity, etc.) for BTS cabinets in operation, storage, and transportation conditions as specified in the following classes: Base Station Indoor Outdoor Operation ETS 300 019-1-3 class 3.1E (see note 1) ETS 300 019-1-4 class 4.1E (see note 4) Transportation ETS 300 019-1-2 class 2.2 (see note 2) ETS 300 019-1-2 class 2.2 (see note 2) Storage ETS 300 019-1-1 class 1.2 (see note 3) ETS 300 019-1-1 class 1.2 (see note 3) Table 20 : Environmental conditions specifications Note 1: The ETS 300 019-1-3 class 3.1E (temperature controlled locations) is a combination of classes 3K3 (but with low air temperature of -5 °C, high air temperature of +45 °C, and high relative humidity of 90 %), 3Z2, 3Z4, 3B1, 3C2, 3S2 and 3M1 according to IEC721-3-3 Note 2: The ETS 300 019-1-2 class 2.2 (careful transportation) is a combination of classes 2K3, 2B2, 2C2, 2S2 and 2M1 according to IEC721-3-2 Note 3: The ETS 300 019-1-1 class 1.2 (weather protected, not temperature controlled) is a combination of classes 1K4, 1Z2, 1Z3, 1Z5, 1B2, 1C2, 1S3 and 1M2 according to IEC721-3-1 Note 4: The ETS 300 019-1-4 class 4.1E (non-weather protected locations, extended) is a combination of classes 4Z5, 4Z7, 4B1, 4C2, 4S2 and 4M3 according to IEC721-3-4 In the following tables, the conditions for the different environmental classes are listed. 7.1.1 Environmental conditions for operation and storage 7.1.1.1 Climatic conditions (operation, storage) Climatic conditions for indoor operation, outdoor operation and storage: Environmental parameter Unit indoor operation ETS 300 019- 1-3 Class 3.1E outdoor operation ETS 300 019- 1-4 Class 4.1E storage ETS 300 019- 1-1 Class 1.2 Low air temperature °C -5 -45 (Note 4) -25 High air temperature °C +45 (Note 1) +45 (Note 2) +55 Low relative humidity % 5 8 10 High relative humidity % 90 100 100 Low absolute humidity g/m³ 1 0.03 0.5 High absolute humidity g/m³ 25 30 29 Rain intensity mm/mi n - 15 no Rate of change of temperature °C/min 0.5 0.5 0,5 Low air pressure kPa 70 70 70 High air pressure kPa 106 106 106 Solar radiation W/m 2 700 1120 1120 Heat radiation W/m 2 600 Negligible (Note 3) 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 50 / 67 Movement of the surrounding air m/s 5 50 30 Conditions of condensation none no yes yes Conditions of precipitation (rain, snow, hail ...) none no yes yes Low rain temperature °C - 5 no Conditions of water from sources other than rain none no Splashing water Dripping water Conditions of icing and frosting none no yes yes Table 21 : Climatic conditions (operation, storage) Note 1: Apart from this maximum temperature, the Base Station supports direct exposure to solar radiation, with power up to 700 W/m2. Note 2: Beyond this value specified by the standards, and with or without direct exposure to this value specified by the standards the maximum temperature for cabinets is extended to: MBOxE HEX MBOxE DAC CBO HEX CBO DAC CBOE/ CBIE TWIN- TRX long term maximum power 45°C 50°C 45°C 50°C 50°C long term operational power 55°C 60°C 50°C 55°C 55°C MC- TRX long term maximum power 45°C 45°C 45°C ** 45°C 45°C long term operational power * 50°C 50°C 45°C ** 50°C 50°C Table 22 : Extended High Air Temperature (operation) • For cabinets without batteries (batteries itself are limited to 55°C) and options • Values for specific configurations are available on request • Maximum power: 100% all channels • Operational power: according to ETSI Busy Hour Load Model * MC in multi-carrier operation ** CBO HEX with max. 2 MC-TRX Note 3: Conditions of heat radiation (e.g. in the vicinity of a room-heating system) Note 4: Minimal cold start up temperature for CBO-E and MBOxE equipped with DAC is -33 °C. 7.1.1.2 Mechanical conditions (operation, storage) Mechanically active substances for indoor operation, outdoor operation and storage: Environmental parameter Unit indoor operation ETS 300 019-1-3 Class 3.1E outdoor operation ETS 300 019-1-4 Class 4.1E storage ETS 300 019-1-1 Class 1.2 Sand mg/m³ 30 300 300 Dust (suspension) mg/m³ 0.2 5 5 Dust (sedimentation) mg/(m ²h) 1.5 20 20 Table 23 : Mechanically substances (operation, storage) 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 51 / 67 Mechanical conditions for indoor operation, outdoor operation and storage: Environmental parameter Unit indoor operation ETS 300 019-1-3 Class 3.1E outdoor operation ETS 300 019-1-4 Class 4.1E storage ETS 300 019-1-1 Class 1.2 Stationary vibration, sinusoidal - Peak displacement amplitude mm 0.3 1.5 1.5 - Peak acceleration amplitude m/s 2 1 5 5 - Frequency range Hz 2 to 9 9 to 200 2 to 9 9 to 200 2 to 9 9 to 200 Non-stationary vibration including shock - Shock-response spectrum type L, peak acceleration m/s² 40 70 40 Static load KPa - - 5 Table 24 : Mechanically parameter (operation, storage) Earthquake conditions for outdoor equipment: • Earthquake test conditions are in accordance with ETS 300 019-2-4 Amendment A1. • As the Outdoor Base Station can be mounted on top of buildings using a structure of high rigidity, following test conditions apply: Parameter Description Severity Earthquake intensity Strong/very strong Richter > 7 ag = 5 m/s² ZPA = 15 m/s² Frequency range - 1 – 35 Hz Excitation - Single axis, 30 s Table 25 : Earthquake test conditions The Outdoor Base Station survives test without major damage to equipment. Interruption of operation is allowed. Re-start of operation after test is possible. Minor damages, if any, can be repaired in the field. 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 52 / 67 7.1.2 Environmental conditions for transportation 7.1.2.1 Climatic conditions (transport) Environmental parameter Unit transportation ETS 300 019-1-2 class 2.2 Low air temperature °C -25 High temperature, air in unventilated enclosures °C +70 High temperature, air in ventilated enclosures or outdoor air °C +40 Change of temperature air/air °C -25/+30 Change of temperature air/water °C +40/+5 Relative humidity, not combined with rapid temperature changes % °C 95 +45 Relative humidity, combined with rapid temperature changes air/air at high relative humidity % °C 95 -25/+30 Absolute humidity, combined with rapid temperature changes air/air at high water content g/m 3 °C 60 +70/+15 Low air pressure kPa 70 Change of air pressure kPa/min no Movement of the surrounding medium air m/s 20 Precipitation, rain mm/min 6 Solar radiation W/m 2 1120 Heat radiation W/m 2 600 Water from sources other than rain m/s 1 Wetness none Conditions of wet surfaces Table 26 : Climatic conditions (transport) 7.1.2.2 Mechanical conditions (transport) Mechanically active substances for transportation: Environmental parameter Unit transportation ETS 300 019-1-2 class 2.2 Sand in air g/m³ 0.1 Dust (sedimentation) mg/(m²h) 3 Table 27 : Mechanical substances (transport) 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 53 / 67 Mechanical conditions for transportation: Environmental parameter Unit transportation ETS 300 019-1-2 class 2.2 Stationary vibration, sinusoidal - Peak displacement amplitude mm 3.5 - Peak acceleration amplitude m/s 2 10 15 - Frequency range Hz 2 to 9 9 to 200 200 to 500 Stationary vibration random - Acceleration spectral density - Frequency range m 2 /s 3 Hz 1 10 to 200 0.3 200 to 2000 Non-stationary vibration - Shock response spectrum I: Peak acceleration - Shock response spectrum II: Peak acceleration m/s² m/s² 100 no Free fall - Mass < 20 kg - Mass 20 to 100 kg - Mass > 100 kg m m m 0.25 0.25 0.1 Toppling - Mass < 20 kg - Mass 20 to 100 kg - Mass > 100 kg none Toppling around any of the edges no no Rolling pitching - Angle - Period degree s no no Steady state acceleration m/s 2 20 Static load kPa 5 Table 28 : Mechanical conditions (transport) 7.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) All 9100 Base Stations fulfil the requirements of the European Directive 89/336/EEC according to ETSI ETS 301 489 -1 and 8. 7.3 Acoustic noise The 9100 base station complies with acoustic noise requirements for Business area (Indoor) and Rural area (Outdoor). 7.4 Safety The 9100 Base Station complies with following safety standards: • IEC 60215 (EN 60 215): Safety requirements for radio transmitting equipment • IEC 60950-1 (EN 60950-1): Safety of information technology equipment • IEC 60950-22 (EN 60950-22): Safety of information technology equipment. Equipment installed outdoors. 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 54 / 67 7.5 Product Environmental Attributes Alcatel-Lucent is committed to develop and improve operations and technologies taking into consideration the efficient use of energy and materials, giving preference to renewable resources, minimizing waste and adverse environmental aspects. Alcatel-Lucent develops and manufactures products and services that are safe for their intended use, efficient in their use of energy, protective to the environment and that can be recycled or disposed of safely, including their packaging. 7.5.1 Materials The above described product does not contain: • Asbestos, • Cadmium (in plastic materials, packaging and inks), • Mercury, • Ozone depleting substances, according to those categories that are already banned in the Montreal protocol • Chloroparaffins with chain length 10-13 C atoms, chlorination greater than 50% contained in the mechanical plastic parts heavier than 25g, • Lead contained in mechanical plastic parts heavier than 25g, • PCB or PCT, • Polybrominated biphenyls and their ethers (CAS 32534-81-9, 32536-52-0, 1163-19-5, 13654- 09-6) contained in mechanical plastic parts heavier than 25g, in concentrations exceeding the natural background. 7.5.2 Disassembly The system is designed for easy disassembly, by using screws and rivets for mechanical assembly of racks and modules 7.5.3 Batteries Alcatel-Lucent uses as backup batteries state-of-the-art valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries with an extended service life-time. These VRLA AGM (absorptive glass mat) battery types are classified as non-hazardous. This is because in the VRLA AGM cells, the dilute sulphuric acid is absorbed in a special, highly porous micro-fibre glass separator. This, together with a high density pillar seals and hermetic container-to-lid bonding, ensures that acid is unable to leak out. The batteries are designed and manufactured according to recognized international standards as • IEC 60896-2 • 91/157/EEC (hazardous substances) • BS 6290 Part 4 • ICAO/IATA Special Provision a 67 • US DoT regulation 49 CFR section 173.159 The weight of the batteries backup units amounts to • BU 90Ah 130 kg (4 cells with a weight of 32,5 kg each) 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 55 / 67 Batteries, battery cases, battery acid, lead and lead compounds must not be burned; they must be disposed of in accordance with the appropriate national/international legislation, and Local Waste Disposal Authority Rules and regulations. 7.5.4 Product packaging The packaging of the 9100 Base Stations complies with the Directive 94/62/CE concerning packaging and packaging waste. Depending on the means of transportation the BTS are packed in a cardboard or wooden box, which can easily be recycled after use. Environmental harmful materials are not used for packaging. The packaging materials are marked according to ISO 11 469. If required by the customer and agreed by both parties, Alcatel-Lucent can take care of the proper disposal of all packaging materials. 7.5.5 Take back information On request of the customer, Alcatel-Lucent can take care of the take back of the depreciated equipment and of the ecological safe and appropriate disposal. For that purpose, Alcatel-Lucent co- operates with qualified recycling companies. 7.5.6 Documentation In order to reduce the paper consumption for Customer Documentation, Alcatel-Lucent delivers the Generic Customer Documentation as a CD-ROM. This allows the operator to put the documentation on a server accessible by all relevant people without any additional paper copies. Additionally more specific documentation as e.g. information about products and solutions, services and support, training events etc. will be provided by means of an Extranet accessible by all customers. This will allow distribution of up-to-date information very quickly and without wasting natural resources. 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 56 / 67 8 POWER CONSUMPTION, BACKUP TIMES AND POWER DISSIPATION 8.1 Introduction Following operators’ field feedbacks on observed BTS Power consumption, Alcatel-Lucent proposes to introduce a new definition: the “TCO Power consumption”. This definition aims at reflecting average daily BTS Power consumption observed in live networks. “TCO Power consumption” allows estimating the average energy bill, associated CO2 emission and OPEX savings associated to BTS Power consumption reduction. General: The reasonable calculation of the site needs heavily depends on the assumed load at this site. This could vary drastically from one location to the other. According to operators’ and field feedbacks, Alcatel-Lucent proposes 25% average daily traffic load on TCH TRX for “TCO Power consumption” calculation. It corresponds to a calculation between: • 10 hours at 60% traffic load on TCH TRX, • And 14 hours at 0% traffic load on TCH TRX. As an illustration, following figure presents measured average cell load over 24 hours in a Western Europe network. Average Cell Load over 24 hours 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 00h 02h 04h 06h 08h 10h 12h 14h 16h 18h 20h 22h Time L o a d Figure 26 : Western Europe Case - Average Cell Load over 24 hours Power consumption is a general term but the purpose of asking for power consumption has to be considered. Depending on this purpose the calculation of power consumption is different: • "DC power consumption for backup" is the power consumption to consider to determine which batteries should be used to provide a given backup time, or what backup time can be expected with given batteries; this is applicable for example to AC powered BTS when they are running on their backup batteries; this power consumption - Considers only the DC power consumption of the modules (thus, for the AC powered BTS, it does not include the power consumption of the AC to DC conversion, that takes place only when they are not in backup situation), 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 57 / 67 - Considers an average power consumption: the purpose of such a power consumption figure is get a reasonable estimate of the power consumption on a long period of time (typically for 24 hours), please refer to the figures above. - No consideration of power consumption of modules such as Heating Units (they are supposed to be used for a very short time at BTS start-up only; normally, they are not in operation during a backup period) or Battery Charging for the AC powered BTS including batteries (by definition, battery charging does not take place during a backup period since the mains are not available) • Power consumption in normal circumstances: this figure allows estimating the average energy bill; for DC BTS, it is the same as the one described above; for AC BTS, it takes into account the additional power corresponding to AC to DC conversion: - Applicable to DC and AC powered BTS (i.e. outdoor BTS and AC Indoor BTS) - Considers the DC power consumption of the modules (as above) plus, for the AC BTS, the power consumption of the AC to DC conversion (this additional power consumption being taken as 10% of the DC power consumption itself) - Power consumption of Heating Units or Battery Charging is ignored • Maximum power consumption: this figure allows determining the characteristics of the power distribution circuit (breaker ratings and wire cross sections): - Applicable to DC and AC BTS (i.e. outdoor BTS and AC Indoor BTS) - Considers the DC power consumption of the modules (as above) plus, for the AC BTS, the power consumption of the AC to DC conversion - In each sector, all TRX are taken for their full power, - In addition, one has to consider: o The power consumption associated to battery charging when, after a backup period, the batteries have to be charged to their full capacity o The power consumption of heaters (operated when temperature inside of cabinet drops below 10°C) This should be used only to estimate the peak power consumption; the two additional power consumptions above take place during exceptional periods, and should not take place simultaneously: • Battery charging is a permanent process; however, its associated power consumption is only significant when the battery have been discharged, i.e. after a backup period during which mains were not available • Heating Units, or heaters, are only used in very cold situations, at BTS start-up, to bring the BTS at a minimum temperature; they are not used during normal use of a BTS 8.2 Power consumptions 8.2.1 Conditions used for calculations are the following: Average daily temperature: 25°C. Activation of features: • Downlink Power Control (DL PC), • Downlink Discontinuous Transmission (DL DTX), • Dynamic Power Save (DPS, B11 Option) on case by case basis, • Multi-band cell for Multi-band configurations. 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 58 / 67 Average daily traffic load: 25% on TCH TRX corresponding to average between: • 10 hours at 60% traffic load on TCH TRX, • 14 hours at 0% traffic load on TCH TRX. 8.2.2 Activation of features: For “TCO Power consumption calculation”, Alcatel-Lucent integrates activation of some features that influence BTS Power Consumption as highlighted hereafter. 8.2.2.1 Downlink Power Control (15 26 30 – B2) The gain brought by “Downlink Power Control” varies depending on the environment. It has to be noted that the power consumption of a non BCCH TRX is reduced by around 20W when the Output power is reduced from its maximum value by only one step of Power Control (2dB). This is the assumption applied for “TCO Power Consumption” calculation. Figure 27 : Influence of DL PC on TRX Power consumption 8.2.2.2 Downlink Discontinuous Transmission (15 24 60 – B2) During voice inactivity periods, with “Downlink DTX”, nothing has to be transmitted over the air. For “TCO Power Consumption” calculation, Alcatel-Lucent assumes 50% inactivity and integrates associated gain on non BCCH TRX power consumption. 8.2.2.3 Dynamic Power Save (15 02 92 - B11 Option) The traffic distribution within a radio cell has a very dynamic behaviour: there is a general decrease of traffic during night hours, but also during day hours, there are significant variations of traffic demand. 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 59 / 67 “Dynamic Power Save” feature takes into account all traffic situations, and optimizes power consumption at any time. The principle of the feature is to switch-off the PA bias (*) of a given TRX when there is nothing to transmit over the air. There is no need that the complete TRX is in the idle mode state, as the feature is activated as soon as Time Slot is not transmitting. The Alcatel-Lucent solution allows an immediate reaction, independent from the BTS configuration, and provides a gain during 24 hours of the day. (*) PA bias: direct current to put the transistor into an operating point. Thanks to this feature, the power consumption per TRX is reduced by around 25W when there is no traffic to be transmitted. It is worth to be noted that the feature does not bring any negative impact on the quality of the network: thanks to the very fast reaction of the system, even in case of sudden variation of the traffic, no call will be blocked. Impact of “Dynamic Power Save” is integrated in “TCO Power Consumption” calculation in case operator decides to go for this option. 8.2.2.4 Multi-band cell (15 52 50 - B6.2 Option) For Multi-band configurations, Multi-band cell option is considered in “TCO Power consumption” calculation. As it limits number of BCCH TRX, BTS Power Consumption is reduced. 8.2.2.5 Others Alcatel-Lucent also recommends usage of following telecom settings and features for further BTS Power Consumption optimization: • Allocate traffic preferably on BCCH TRX, • Usage of Half Rate to optimize Erlang/Watt ratio. 8.2.3 Average daily traffic load According to operators’ and field feedbacks, Alcatel-Lucent proposes 25% average daily traffic load on TCH TRX for “TCO Power consumption” calculation. Depending on the features and selected conditions and assumptions of traffic the calculation of power consumption can be done. Alcatel-Lucent Tendering is able to provide the calculation for the given configurations. Hereafter an example is shown to provide an order of magnitude about the Alcatel-Lucent BTS power consumption for typical configurations. It shows also the influence of the SW feature Dynamic Power Save: • Average daily traffic load: 25% on TCH TRX corresponding to average between: - 10 hours at 60% traffic load on TCH TRX, - 14 hours at 0% traffic load on TCH TRX. Leading to following figures: 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 60 / 67 Without DPS With DPS MBI3-S222-TWIN900-DC 642 W 586 W MBI3-S444-TWIN900-DC 957 W 788 W MBO1E-DAC-S222-TWIN900-DC 667 W 611 W MBO1E-DAC-S444-TWIN900-DC 982 W 813 W TCO Power Consumption Configuration Table 29 : Example configurations with and without DPS 25°C Max T CBO-E/CBI-E cabinet (DAC) 40W 70W CBO HEX cabinet 50W 90W CBO DAC cabinet 40W 90W MBO1 Evolution HEX cabinet 100W 170W MBO1 Evolution DAC cabinet 75W 170W MBO2 Evolution HEX cabinet 170W 310W MBO2 Evolution DAC cabinet 120W 310W MBI3 / MBI53 cabinet 50W 50W MBI5 cabinet 70W 70W AN 10W 10W Table 30 : Cabinet power consumption (including SUM) 8.2.4 Example of Power consumptions for Configuration with MC-TRX BTS configuration with MC-TRX900 (Note 1) 20% load 50% load 80% load 100% load MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x1@maxToC-DC 1127 1127 1127 1127 MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x1@30ToC-DC 779 779 779 779 MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x2@maxToC-DC 815 842 917 1178 MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x2@30ToC-DC 779 803 848 872 MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x3@maxToC-DC 686 728 767 794 MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x3@16ToC-DC 632 662 695 713 MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x4@maxToC-DC 641 683 743 773 MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x5@maxToC-DC 599 635 701 737 MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x6@maxToC-DC 554 590 623 662 Table 31 : Cabinet power consumption (including SUM) with MC-TRX900, with DL PC and DL DTX 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 61 / 67 BTS configuration with MC-TRX900 (Note 1) 20% load 50% load 80% load 100% load MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x1@maxToC-DC 1127 1127 1127 1127 MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x1@30ToC-DC 779 779 779 779 MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x2@maxToC-DC 815 842 968 1019 MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x2@30ToC-DC 779 820 1025 1107 MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x3@maxToC-DC 686 755 920 1046 MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x3@16ToC-DC 632 683 773 821 MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x4@maxToC-DC 641 743 902 1016 MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x5@maxToC-DC 605 713 905 959 MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x6@maxToC-DC 563 641 821 878 Table 32 : Cabinet power consumption (including SUM) with MC-TRX900, with DL PC and without DL DTX Note 1 maxToC corresponds to the value indicated in §3.1.1, choose either values with or without Power Overbooking (DPA) activated. 8.3 Backup times AC BTS may include batteries that are providing a backup time in case of mains failure. BU90 batteries, available Outdoor BTS, are designed to provide a backup time of several hours - depending on configuration. The purpose of present chapter is precisely to show how backup times can be estimated from the BTS power consumption and the number of batteries. The backup time available for a given BTS configuration, can be read on the following curves: • The x axis is the DC power consumption for backup, to be estimated as commented above (adding the power consumption of options that would be powered through the BTS) • The y axis shows the backup time (in minutes on left axis, in hours on right axis); this number has to be read on the curve corresponding to the number of batteries. 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 62 / 67 0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 500 1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500 3 000 3 500 4 000 DC Power Consumption for backup (W) B a c k u p t i m e ( m i n u t e s ) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 B a c k u p t i m e ( h o u r s ) with 1 BU90 battery with 2 BU90 batteries with 3 BU90 batteries Figure 28 : Backup time with BU90 batteries BU90 batteries typically support around 400 change/discharge cycles at 20°operating temperature. To assess the impact of "Auto Shutdown" feature with a given timer, one should: • Check the backup times with and without this feature enabled, i.e.: - With the feature enabled and the timer set to zero (all the TRX, except the BCCH, are switched off as soon as mains disappear), - with the feature disabled (all the TRX are kept operating normally, even when a mains failure is detected) • Decide a reasonable value for the timer and make an interpolation As an example, backup times for the MBO1 evolution and DPS enabled, taken from the example in Table 4 3x4 TWIN900 using 1 BU90 taken as example above would be: • With "Auto Shutdown" not enabled: 300 min (as read on the curve above for 813W) • with "Auto Shutdown" fully enabled (timer set to zero): 460 min (for VALUE FOR BCCH only 573W) • with "Auto Shutdown" enabled, and timer set to 300/2 = 150 min: 380 min (Interpolated as (300+460)/2) The last case in table above corresponds to a situation where, after mains failure, the BTS operation is not affected for the first 150 min (= 300min/2) of backup; after that time, and if mains are not back again, the TRX others than BCCH are shut off in each sector to save power; the BTS will still be running, with reduced traffic capacity, for 230 min (380–150). 8.4 Power dissipation Power dissipation has to be considered e.g. for the dimensioning of cooling systems. 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 63 / 67 Out of the power consumed by a BTS, part is transmitted as RF power at antenna connector, part may be stored in batteries for future use (AC BTS) and the remaining part is dissipated as heat. To compute the total dissipated power, one has then to sum up the contribution generated by each module; for this, one must distinguish the TRX from the other modules. 8.4.1 Power dissipation of modules other than TRX In such modules, all the power consumed in the module is dissipated, and is dissipated in the module itself; hence the formula: Power dissipation of the module = Power consumption of the module 8.4.2 Power dissipation of TRX modules Compared to other modules, the TRX are dissipating locally (within them) only part of the power they consume; the other part is the TRX output RF power, transmitted toward the antenna connector. But then, part of this TRX output RF power is dissipated by the modules and cables between the TRX output and the antenna connector, due to their losses. Thus the dissipated power generated within the BTS due to a given TRX is the share of the power consumption that is not available as RF power at antenna connector; it is given by the following formula: TRX power dissipation = TRX power consumption - TX output power at BTS antenna connector Of course, the figure depends both of the power consumption of the TRX and of the arrangement of combining modules between the TRX and the antenna connector. It has to be noted that there is no power dissipation associated neither to Heating Units nor to Battery Charging: • Power Dissipation is used to determine if a cooling system should be installed, and of what kind; accordingly, it is mostly relevant for indoor BTS, and what is meaningful is the power dissipation in a situation where the BTS environment may reach a high temperature. • If Power Dissipation has nevertheless to be assessed for outdoor BTS: • Power dissipated by Heating Units can be ignored, since they are precisely used in circumstances where the temperature is low and where the problem is not dissipated power. • In the battery charging process, most of the energy is used to charge the batteries, and is thus not dissipated in the environment; if there is residual dissipated power, it is at a low level, not worth considering in the computations. Since the load or traffic is fluctuating over time and the heat dissipation capabilities needs to be considered for all traffic conditions one shall take a certain margin and e.g. not take into account the DPS feature (consumption would vary highly depending on the traffic). Example: Power dissipation of MBI3 444 TWIN-TRX 900 (without DPS): Power dissipation: Unit Qty Total[W] MBI3 DC 444 TWIN TRX 900 765 MBI3 consumption 444 957 1 957 900RF radiation ToC with ANC combining per carrier 16 12 192 Table 33 : Power dissipation example 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 64 / 67 9 RELIABILITY AND AVAILABILITY Ideally, an equipment should be available for its main function (carrying traffic as far as BTS is concerned) 100% of the time. From a practical point of view, some failures may lead to an interruption of this main function; the anticipated degree of availability of equipment can then be estimated by figures such as: • Equipment unavailability, expressed as the share of time during which the equipment is not functional, • Mean down time for a reference period, i.e. the average time during which the equipment will not be available out of a reference period. The process to carry out such evaluations is the following: • A value has to be taken as hypothesis for the Mean Time To Repair (MTTR), i.e. the time during which the equipment will remain unavailable, following a failure, until it is repaired; this includes the time for appropriately skilled personnel to go to the site of the equipment; the commonly used value is MTTR = 4 hours. • The modules that have to remain functional in order for the full equipment to remain functional, have to be identified; for a BTS, these modules are: - Antenna Network (ANC, AND) - Station Unit Module (SUMX) It must be noted that since a given user is typically under coverage of a given sector, only one Antenna Network (ANC, AND) is considered, even in a sectorized BTS, for availability assessment. • The other modules are ignored, since they have virtually no failures (e.g. the BTS cabinets) or their failure has no immediate impact on the function of the BTS; e.g.: - Fans are redundant, - In most circumstances, TRX are "redundant": loosing a TRX has no significant impact on the function of the BTS, since other TRX are still available • The Failure Rates (FIT) of these modules must be estimated • The total Failure Rate of the equipment is then computed as the sum of the FIT of its modules; the other following quantities may then be computed as follows: Total FIT = FIT of SUM + FIT of ANC Total MTBF = 1/Total FIT System unavailability = MTTR / (MTBF + MTTR) MTTR / MTBF, because MTTR << MTBF System availability = 1 – system unavailability Mean Accumulated Down Time (MADT) = system unavailability x 365 X 24 (if expressed in h/year) The following table gives the unavailability and downtime for the BTS, according to the principles above; the values are those of the GSM 900 BTS, but are very similar for other frequency bands: FIT of SUM 3 032 x 10E-9 FIT of ANC 3 000 x 10E-9 Total FIT 6 032 x 10E-9 Total MTBF (h) 165 768 System unavailability 2.413 x 10E-5 System Mean Accumulated Down Time (MADT) (h/year) 0.2 Table 34 : System unavailability and downtime 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 65 / 67 10 APPENDICES 10.1 Appendix A: Related Reading 10.1.1 Applicable Documents [A1] 3GPP TS25.104, v 7: Base Station radio transmission and reception (FDD) [A2] 3GPP TS25.141, v 7: Base Station conformance testing (FDD) [A3] 3GPP TS25.113: Base Station and repeater Electro-Magnetic Compatibility [A4] EN 301 489-1 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 1: Common technical requirements [A5] EN 301 489-23 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 23: Specific conditions for IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread (UTRA) Base Station (BS) radio, repeater and ancillary equipment [A6] EN 301 908-1 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Base Stations(BS) and User Equipment (UE) for IMT2000 Third-Generation cellular networks; Part 1: Harmonized EN for IMT-2000, introduction and common requirements, covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive [A7] EN 301 908-3 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Base Stations(BS) and User Equipment (UE) for IMT-2000 Third-Generation cellular networks; Part 3: Harmonized EN for IMT-2000, CDMA Direct Spread (UTRA FDD) (BS) covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive [A8] ETS 300 019-1-1 Classification of Environmental Conditions Storage, Class 1.2 [A9] ETS 300 019-1-2 Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 2-1: Classification of environmental conditions; Transportation Class 2.3 [A10] ETS 300 019-2-1 Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment Part 2-1: Specification of environmental tests: Storage; Class 1.2 [A11] GR-63-CORE Telcordia NEBS Requirements: Physical Protection. R4.4.4 & R5.4.1 - Zone 4 [A12] IEC 60950-1 Safety of information technology equipment [A13] EN 60950-1 Safety of information technology equipment [A14] CPRI Specification V2.1: Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI): Interface Specification [A15] ETS 300132-2 Power supply interface at the input to telecommunications equipment, operated by direct current (dc) 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 66 / 67 [A16] European Directive 2002/95/EC Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003 on the Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS) [A17] European Directive 2002/96/EC Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003 on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment [A18] European Directive 1999/5/EC Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999: R&TTE [A19] EN 50385 Product standard to demonstrate the compliances of radio base stations and fixed terminal stations for wireless telecommunication systems with the basic restrictions or the reference levels related to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields (110 MHz – 40 GHz) 10.1.2 Reference Documents [R1] UMT/BTS/INF/032328: 9100 Base Station Multi-Standard aspects for GSM and UMTS Product Description [R2] GSM/BTS/INF/038304: Alcatel Lucent SUMX nineteen inch Product Description [R3] MC-TRX / MC-RRH in Converged RAN [R4] UMT/BTS/INF/025255: Alcatel-Lucent 9100 Base Station Multi-Standard with d2U and TRDU60W 2100MHz 9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012 Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released Alcatel-Lucent – Proprietary See Notice on Page 2 67 / 67 10.2 Appendix B: Acronyms 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project AC Alternating Current (Power source) AN Antenna Network ANC Antenna Network with Combiner AND Antenna Network Duplexer ANY Antenna Network type Y BTS Base Transceiver Station CBIE Compact BTS Indoor Evolution CBO Compact BTS Outdoor CBOE Compact BTS Outdoor Evolution DC Direct Current (Power source) DL Downlink DPA Dynamic Power Allocation DPVA Dynamic Power Voltage Adjustment EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution EMC Electro-Magnetic Compatibility FDD Frequency Division Duplex GPRS General Packet Radio Service HW Hardware GSM Global System for Mobile Communications IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IP Ingress Protection or Internet Protocol LTE Long Term Evolution MBI Multi-Standard BTS Indoor MBO Multi-Standard BTS Outdoor MBOE Multi-Standard BTS Outdoor Evolution MC-TRX Multi Carrier Transceiver MTBF Mean Time Between Failures O&M Operation and Maintenance PA Power Amplifier RF Radio Frequency RoHS Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances RX Receiver/Receive SUM Station Unit Module SUMX Station Unit Module type X SW Software TMA Tower Mounted Amplifier TOC Top of cabinet TRX Transceiver TWIN- TRX TWIN Transceiver TX Transmitter/Transmit UL Uplink UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System VAMOS Voice services over Adaptive Multi- user channels on One Slot VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access