Presented By: Michell Pearl Malones Hanniah Morohomsalic denoting people. Abra de Ilog and Paluan. Cruz." "upriver" or "upland" The Iraya is one of the six of the indigenous cultural communities inhabiting the highlands of Mindoro and these six groups are collectively referred to as the Mangyans They live in the beaches of Puerto Galera. San Teodoro and Baco in Oriental Mindoro. a variation of "laya" which means "upstream. However. in the towns of Mamburao. The word "Iraya" is derived from the prefix "i" . 689 distributed around 141 settlements in the Municipalities of Abra de Ilog. Mamburao and Paluan. . Sta. and "raya". The estimated population of the Iraya-Mangyan is 10. most of them live in Occidental Mindoro. Lima bean. yams. an arduous but necessary task to ensure a good harvest .It is an important activity with numerous crops following one after the other. Swidden Agriculture. Most of them rely on planting rice. marrow. manioc. after the rice harvest. then comes the weeding. sugar cane. vegetables corn and rice. yam and sweet potato are grown. intercropping different species in different parts of the field The first to be planted are yam and taro. corn. taro. sugar cane. sweet potatoes. beans. then mountain rice with maize and pulses . manioc and sweet potato are planted . and also maize. Many varieties of taro. banana. and 9 species of shellfish are collected -It is very important during the dry season when the lower water levels allow for daily fishing. Domestic animals -The Iraya breed wild fowl. used as decoys. among which 5 of eel. animals then become the only food resource Fishing –The Iraya fish 31 known species. 5 of shrimp. and pigs -During periods of heavy rain the fields cannot be burnt . thus providing an important supplement to daily diet. • Seasonal fruit picking -They collect Canarium luzonicum nuts and the Artocarpus odoratissima fruit with its juicy pulp and floury seeds that can be roasted . . They were solid and very intricate in design. containers and bracelets as well. I bought a few containers and bracelets since they are sold quite high in price in Manila. bags. There were jars. the Iraya Mangyans are the most creative in the lot. handicrafts were up on sale. At the festival. plates. The Mangyans however are not fit for mass production of handicraft goods since they only make them when they are in the mood which the locals sid are in their inspired and dreamy state. . So each crafts they make are unique.Iraya Handicrafts among the Mangyan tribes. and the talawak or headband. and the panalingnaw or earrings • Their ancient clothing is exactly the same as that of the Hanunoos. Clothing • males wear bahag or loincloth fashioned from a tree bark. . and the sagpan or pamanpan to cover the breast • They wear necklaces called kudyasan. most of the Irayas wear a civilized outfit. made from tigbi seeds. • The females wear the tapis or skirtlike covering made from bark. the kaitong or belt. the lingob or belt. Today. . Mangyan House •. and other materials. . tree for its pillar. Dwellings are close to the swidden plots and move with the seasonal monsoon rains (heavy rains). A house made up of coconut leaves. bamboo. •traditionally live in hamlets made up of a few houses scattered over the swidden area •. Relationship within the family is observed to be very close and harmonious. Agricultural rites suggest the importance of farming and the belief in spiritual beings or forces that can influence a good harvest. • Children show their high respect for their parents and elders. in return. • The nuclear family is referred to us talnakan wherein their already exists a social order. He/she is likewise considered the intermediary between the parents and the younger siblings. . • The family is a very strong and important institution among the Iraya. Religious beliefs and practices Since the Irayas are swidden farmers. receiving much love and affection. The eldest takes the place of the parents during their absence and is one considered the second parent. Community • the family is considered as the basic unit of production and consumption. their spiritual beliefs are related to their means of livelihood. Authority . .Moral and legal problems are referred to the puonbalayan for decision. .Among the Iraya. leadership is provided by the puonbalayan. Any criminal act or offense done is corrected with the use of either the pangaw or tige. . in the local group referred to as sanguraan composed of closely related families. It is believed that the innocent parties will not get burned in this particular test because Apo Iraya will protect them from harm.Pangaw is the Iraya's version of the detention cell. Anyone of the susupects whose right hand gets burned is considered to be the guilty party. Tige on the other hand is a punishment wherein the suspects of a particular offense are called and are ordered to immerse their right hand in a pot of boiling water to pick up the white stone at the bottom of the pot. . the informal and indigenous learning system- provided by the traditional sources like their household enable them to acquire knowledge. attitude. skills. norms and belief that comprise the different aspect of Iraya culture as interpreted by the source the formal education -provided by public schools and church run schools. The Mangyan native dances mimics their daily life of harvest and thanking the spirits for their bounty. .Their native dances and songs performed by the Mangyan students was culturally enriching. A large number of Mangyans still embraces their Animism roots while a small portion are already converted to Christianity. skirts and loin clothes weaved from cottons made by pounding dry tree barks. Most of them are garbed similarly to how the ancient Mangyans are garbed – blouses. Mangagamot (healer) is also known as Marayaw. Performs tawas or Divination Yam (Dioscorea spp.Arthritis and rheumatism.).female problems and to relieve the pain of child birth Red tannia (Xanthosoma violaceum) Canarium luzonicum. . Iraya term for shaman. Others used it for burns and sores. before wrapping in a litlit leaf. While chewing. or lime powder. heat spreads throughout the body. keeping it momentarily warm in the upland chill. upland people mix it with apog.Betel Nut Areca catechu preparing betel nut for chewing. The apog gives the betel juice its red coloring when chewed .