ShuiR 110 Chenzhou Ganzhou Tao J iang Fuqing Putian Longyan Licheng Qinglanshan Xiuyu Xi ao an g Chuxiong Daojiang Guilin 120 Haitan Dao 21 T6 T4-Y5 T2T3 ong Jiang Chinese claim South China Sea Claimed Straight Baselines CHINA 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Kunming Ji an np Na Xingyi N Chang’an Sha Lung Chi-lungshih an p Lecheng an Jia ng Quanzhou Shaoguan ang 22 T'ao-yüan T7 T8 Keelung Taipei T1 Zhongshu Yuxi Hechi Han Ji Jian g China Claims in the Paracel and Spratly Islands 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 21° 27.7' 00" N 19° 58.5' 00" N 19° 53.0' 00" N 18° 39.7' 00" N 18° 39.4' 00" N 18° 26.1' 00" N 18° 23.0' 00" N 18° 11.0' 00" N 18° 11.0' 00" N 18° 09.5' 00" N 112° 21.5' 00" E 111° 16.4' 00" E 111° 12.8' 00" E 110° 29.6' 00" E 110° 29.1' 00" E 110° 08.4' 00" E 110° 03.0' 00" E 109° 42.1' 00" E 109° 41.8' 00" E 109° 34.4' 00" E 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 18° 14.6' 00" N 18° 19.3' 00" N 18° 30.2' 00" N 18° 30.4' 00" N 18° 31.0' 00" N 18° 31.1' 00" N 18° 50.5' 00" N 19° 11.6' 00" N 19° 21.1' 00" N 109° 07.6' 00" E 108° 57.1' 00" E 108° 41.3' 00" E 108° 41.1' 00" E 108° 40.6' 00" E 108° 40.5' 00" E 108° 37.3' 00" E 108° 36.0' 00" E 108° 38.6' 00" E Liuzhou Liu Jiang Babu Yingcheng ng Zhangzhou Meizhou ia gJ Xiamen Quemoy Taichung 23 Hsin-chushih Suao Lo-tung T21 T20 T22 Yonagunijima SA KI SH IM A- SH O TO MIYAKO-RETTO I S * L n) A N D S Bei Maritime Lines Established maritime boundary Claim line Bruneian continental shelf claim Chinese (series of 9 dashes; the 10th dash shown on map is outside of the South China Sea) Kaiyuan Xicheng Kaihua Simao Ha Giang n So g B Bose Tropic of Cancer Declaration of the People’s Republic of China on the Baseline of the Territorial Sea, May 15, 1996 25° 25.8' 00" N 24° 58.6' 00" N 24° 09.7' 00" N 23° 31.9' 00" N 23° 12.9' 00" N 23° 12.3' 00" N 22° 56.1' 00" N 22° 18.9' 00" N 21° 48.5' 00" N 21° 34.1' 00" N 119° 56.3' 00" E 119° 28.7' 00" E 118° 14.2' 00" E 117° 41.3' 00" E 117° 14.9' 00" E 117° 13.9' 00" E 116° 29.7' 00" E 115° 07.5' 00" E 113° 58.0' 00" E 112° 47.9' 00" E Yo uJ iang i hu gs Hon H e Fuxing Sui'an Dongshan Taiwan Strait T9 YAEYAMA-RETTO BRUNEI While Bandar Seri Begawan has not articulated claims to reefs in the South China Sea (SCS), since 1985 the Sultanate has claimed a continental shelf that extends beyond these features to a hypothetical median with Vietnam. Malaysia contends Brunei’s maritime limit stops at the 100-fathom isobath from the coast based on 1958 UK Orders in Council. China’s and Taiwan’s claimed areas in the SCS include the seaward extension of Brunei’s maritime claim. China (including Taiwan), Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam do not accept Brunei’s claims. ia ng Pingnan Xun Qingyuan Wuzhou Xi Jian g n Do Mai-Liao Makung T'aichung-shih Hua-lien Heyuan Chaozhou Jieyang Puning Shanwei Lufeng PESCADORES Ta i wa n Chia-i T'ai-nan T'aiP'ing- tung tung Lü Tao T19 R Y Tropic of Cancer U K Y a U ap (J a n se sh i- o to T r e n c h Xinjing Luxu Guiping Guigang n Jia Yu an Qi J Jiang Shantou Guangzhou Foshan Zhongshan Chaozhou 24 Dongguan Huangpu Nansha T10T11 T12 Hsi-yü-p’ing Yü T13 N Cao Bang an gG Nanning Zuo g Zhaoqing Lingcheng Yulin Bobai Xinyi Huizhou Haicheng Shanwei Guangdong Terminal Huicheng 27 25-26 Liu-ch’iu Yü Anping Yun-an Tsoying Ta-Lin-Pu 1979 Malaysian continental shelf limit Philippine (Kalayaan) Hypothethical equidistant line Malaysian-Vietnamese joint CLCS (Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf) southern submission 200-nautical-mile arc drawn from undisputed territory 12-nautical-mile line Spratly Islands12-nautical-mile line (Under UNCLOS, states are entitled to claim 12-nm territorial seas from any and all of their sovereign and/or claimed territory.) Sa Pa R ed ian g n Jia g Jiangmen Changsha Gaozhou Maoming Yangjiang Shiqi Shenzhen Shekou Yantian Huizhou T18 Kao-hsiung T14 ng ko Me MALAYSIA Pingxiang Zhuhai Macau Special Administrative Region 30 29 Malaysia has not formally claimed and specified a system of baselines in the Baselines Maritime Zones Act ratified in 2007 but baselines were apparently drawn to determine Malaysia’s territorial sea limits, which are shown on official maps. Qinzhou Phongsali Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 28 Liu-ch’iu Yü Lan Yü Mao-pi T’ou T15 O-luan Pi T16T17 Bla c PARACEL ISLANDS (claimed by CHINA and VIETNAM) Declaration on Chinese-claimed straight baselines, May 15, 1996 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 16° 40' 30" N 16° 40' 06" N 16° 39' 48" N 16° 04' 24" N 16° 01' 54" N 16° 01' 30" N 16° 01' 30" N 15° 46' 30" N 15° 46' 24" N 15° 46' 24" N 112° 44' 12" E 112° 44' 30" E 112° 44' 42" E 112° 35' 48" E 112° 32' 42" E 112° 31' 48" E 112° 24' 48" E 111° 12' 36" E 111° 12' 06" E 111° 11' 48" E 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 15° 46' 30" N 15° 46' 42" N 15° 46' 54" N 15° 47' 12" N 17° 04' 54" N 17° 05' 24" N 17° 05' 42" N 17° 06' 00" N 17° 06' 30" N 17° 07' 00" N 111° 11' 36" E 111° 11' 24" E 111° 11' 18" E 111° 11' 24" E 111° 26' 54" E 111° 26' 54" E 111° 27' 12" E 111° 27' 48" E 111° 29' 12" E 111° 31' 00" E 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 17° 07' 06" N 17° 06' 54" N 16° 59' 54" N 16° 59' 42" N 16° 59' 24" N 16° 58' 24" N 16° 57' 36" N 16° 56' 54" N 111° 31' 36" E 111° 32' 00" E 112° 14' 42" E 112° 15' 36" E 112° 16' 36" E 112° 18' 18" E 112° 19' 36" E 112° 20' 30" E CHINA TAIWAN T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 Law on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone of the Republic of China, January 21, 1998 25° 00.60' 00" N 25° 28.80' 00" N 25° 29.00' 00" N 25° 37.50' 00" N 25° 37.80' 00" N 25° 17.70' 00" N 25° 04.20' 00" N 25° 00.55' 00" N 23° 47.20' 00" N 122° 00.00' 00" E 122° 05.80' 00" E 122° 05.80' 00" E 122° 04.50' 00" E 122° 03.90' 00" E 121° 30.40' 00" E 121° 05.40' 00" E 121° 00.65' 00" E 119° 32.00' 00" E T10 T11 T12 T13 T14 T15 T16 T17 T18 23° 24.80' 00" N 23° 24.00' 00" N 23° 19.50' 00" N 23° 12.00' 00" N 22° 19.10' 00" N 21° 45.45' 00" N 21° 56.70' 00" N 21° 57.00' 00" N 22° 41.00' 00" N 119° 18.70' 00" E 119° 18.20' 00" E 119° 18.80' 00" E 119° 24.40' 00" E 120° 20.90' 00" E 120° 48.90' 00" E 121° 36.10' 00" E 121° 37.10' 00" E 121° 31.00' 00" E T19 T20 T21 T22 D1 D2 D3 D4 23° 29.20' 00" N 24° 28.70' 00" N 24° 35.90' 00" N 24° 49.90' 00" N 20° 46.16' 00" N 20° 44.16' 00" N 20° 41.92' 00" N 20° 35.78' 00" N 121° 30.53' 00" E 121° 51.10' 00" E 121° 53.70' 00" E 121° 57.30' 00" E 116° 45.45' 00" E 116° 42.13' 00" E 116° 41.30' 00" E 116° 44.80' 00" E ek on g Beijing refers to the Spratly Islands, Paracel Islands, Pratas Island, and Scarborough Reef as Nansha Qundao, Xisha Qundao, Dongsha Qundao, and Huangyan Dao, respectively, claiming these as well as all surfacing and undersea features within nine dashes drawn on Chinese SCS maps. China treats Scarborough Reef, also claimed by the Philippines, as part of partially drying Macclesfield Bank (Zhongsha Qundao). China adopted the nine dashes from Kuomintang maps drawn in 1947, resulting in Taiwan’s claims coinciding largely with China’s. China considers the area within the dashes to be part of Hainan Province and has referred to the maritime space therein as Chinese “territorial waters,” an undefined term that does not appear to conform to standard maritime regimes permitted under international law. Chinese archeologists assert the islands in the SCS were the ancient site of fishing and merchant activities and Chinese records note naval expeditions into the South China Sea during the Han Dynasty in A.D. 110 and the Ming Dynasty from 1403-1433. China contends the 1887 Sino-French Convention allocated all features to China east of 108°03’E. China occupies several of the Spratly Islands and completed seizure of all the Paracel Islands from Vietnam in 1974. Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam dispute China’s claims. Yen Bai Thai Nguyen So ng Ky Cun g Fangcheng Lianzhou Beihai Wuchuan Zhanjiang Leizhou Leizhou Bandao Son La Ch Haiphong Doan Xa Ha Long QUAN DAO CO TO Weizhou 10-3 Donghai Dao Naozhou Dao Panyu 4-2/5-1 Xijiang 30-2 D1 in es e Louang Namtha HANOI Hon Gai Cam Pha Dao Vình Thuc Shuidong 31 Munin cla im k Hailing Dao Shangchuan Dao Xijiang 23-1 Lufeng Terminal Huizhou Terminal Bashi Channel 99101 1 Weizhou Dao Y’Ami Island Itbayat Island 98 20 23 Straight baseline turning point Note: The United States Government does not accept the validity of most of these straight and archipelagic baseline segments. China includes Pratas Island and Paracel Islands in its straight baseline claims; rendering of these baseline points does not denote acceptance or substantiation of these claims. Dao Bach Long Vi nd ar y Straight baseline Xam Nua Louangphrabang QUAN DAO LONG CHAU Liuhua Terminal D2 D3 M D4 a Nam Dinh Xucheng Hainan Strait Macun Pratas Island Luzon Strait BATAN ISLANDS Batan Island Son Basco Sabtang Island 20 2 g Laos M Muang Phôn-Hông Muang Pakxan Ban Nape Thanh Hoa na m e es m iti ar m e u bo Haikou 32 33 Balintang Channel Saint Esprit Shoal Helen Shoal Babuyan Island Calayan Island Yangpu Wenchang 49 48 Vi et ine se - Hon Me Ch Qionghai Dongfang Hainan Basuo Danzhou Qinglan Wenchang 97 m Populated Places More than 1 mi lli on 100,000 to 1,000,000 25,000 to 100,000 Fewer than 25,000 National capital Vinh Nghe Tinh cla i Hon Mat VIETNAM A1 A2 A3 A4 Declaration of the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, November 12, 1982 09° 15.0' 00" N 08° 22.8' 00" N 08° 37.8' 00" N 08° 38.9' 00" N 103° 27.0' 00" E 104° 52.4' 00" E 106° 37.5' 00" E 106° 40.3' 00" E A5 A6 A7 A8 08° 39.7' 00" N 09° 58.0' 00" N 12° 39.0' 00" N 12° 53.8' 00" N 106° 42.1' 00" E 109° 05.0' 00" E 109° 28.0' 00" E 109° 27.2' 00" E A9 A10 A11 13° 54.0' 00" N 15° 23.1' 00" N 17° 10.0' 00" N 109° 21.0' 00" E 109° 09.0' 00" E 107° 20.6' 00" E MALAYSIA Claimed Archipelagic Straight Baselines INDONESIA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 01° 14' 27" N 01° 02' 52" N 02° 18' 00" N 02° 44' 29" N 03° 05' 32" N 03° 19' 52" N 03° 27' 04" N 04° 04' 01" N 04° 31' 09" N 04° 42' 25" N 04° 47' 38" N 04° 47' 45" N 04° 00' 48" N 03° 01' 51" N 02° 38' 43" N Regulation No. 38, June 28, 2002 104° 34' 32" E 104° 49' 50" E 105° 35' 47" E 105° 22' 46" E 105° 35' 00" E 105° 57' 04" E 106° 16' 08" E 107° 26' 09" E 107° 43' 17" E 107° 54' 20" E 108° 00' 39" E 108° 01' 19" E 108° 25' 04" E 108° 54' 52" E 109° 10' 04" E 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 02° 05' 10" N 04° 10' 00" N 04° 08' 03" N 04° 06' 12" N 03° 27' 57" N 02° 15' 12" N 01° 46' 53" N 00° 59' 55" N 01° 20' 16" N 01° 22' 40" N 01° 22' 41" N 01° 18' 48" N 01° 08' 17" N 01° 02' 52" N 01° 09' 29" N 109° 38' 43" E 118° 53' 50" E 118° 53' 01" E 118° 38' 02" E 117° 52' 41" E 118° 38' 41" E 119° 02' 26" E 120° 12' 50" E 120° 47' 31" E 120° 53' 04" E 120° 53' 07" E 121° 26' 36" E 122° 25' 47" E 123° 06' 45" E 124° 20' 38" E 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 01° 45' 47" N 02° 44' 15" N 04° 14' 06" N 04° 40' 16" N 04° 44' 14" N 04° 44' 25" N 04° 44' 46" N 05° 34' 02" N 05° 33' 57" N 04° 46' 18" N 04° 45' 39" N 04° 38' 38" N 04° 37' 36" N 03° 45' 13" N 124° 43' 51" E 125° 09' 28" E 125° 18' 59" E 125° 25' 41" E 125° 28' 42" E 125° 28' 56" E 125° 29' 24" E 126° 34' 54" E 126° 35' 29" E 127° 08' 32" E 127° 08' 44" E 127° 09' 49" E 127° 09' 53" E 126° 51' 06" E Approximate shipping lane Naval base Port facility A port is named after its attributable city unless otherwise labeled 23-28 Cag ayan Kuala Lumpur drew its continental shelf claim in the Spratly Islands in 1979 to include five islands which Malaysia occupies plus others occupied or controlled by the Philippines and Vietnam. It constructed Layang Layang Resort on Swallow (Layang) Reef. As part of their joint submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) in May 2009, Malaysia and Vietnam defined 200-nm EEZ limits extending from mainland baseline claims, with both states ignoring, but not renouncing, any overlapping jurisdictional effects of the Spratly Islands. Brunei, China (including Taiwan), the Philippines, and Vietnam do not accept Malaysia’s claims. VIENTIANE Udon Thani Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phanom 4346 42 41 Chin ese Gulf of Tonkin Mui Ron Dao 3435 Dalapuri Island Fuga Island BABUYAN ISLANDS Camiguin Island San Vicente 47 Babuyan Channel Camilo Osias/ Aparri Port Irene 3 Iligan Point 96 Claveria 95 Cape Bojeador Philippine Sea Yulin Sanya 40 38-39 37 36 Laoag 94 93 Vung Ang Dong Nai Hon Gio Currimao Thakhèk Dong Hoi Dao 112 Con Co A11 92 Vigan Tuguegarao City Shipping-Related Features Khon Kean Lam Nam Chi 113 Chinese-Vietnamese hypothethical equidistant line 15-22 Palanan Point 8 9 10 4-6 7 V i e t n a m c l a i m s t h e Pa r a c e l Savannakhet Woody Island Hue Chan May PA R ACE L ISL A N DS 1-3 Ernesto R.Ogbinar/ Poro Point Cape Bolinao San Fernando M g on ek Baguio PHILIPPINES Pa S a Oil concession block 112 Nam Concession block number Oil and gas field Oilfield Nakhon Ratchasima Mae Nam Mun Ubon Ratchathani Pakxe ong lé K Dung Quat 8-14 Chinese claim Manila claimed Scarborough Reef as well as a large portion of the Spratly Islands as terra nullius during explorations in the SCS commencing in May 1956. It named the Spratly claim the Kalayaan (Freedom) Island Group and occupies several of the islands. It defines the Spratlys and Scarborough Reef as a special “regime of islands” distinct from the rest of the Philippine archipelago. China (including Taiwan), Malaysia, and Vietnam object to the Philippines’ claims. 8791 8586 84 83 Chaiyaphum Lingayen Gulf Lu z o n Dagupan Tarigit Point 11 Da Nang Salavan Energy-Related Features k Thailand Surin Hon La Cu Lao Cham 4 Ch se ine cla im 7 5-6 Macclesfield Bank Santa Cruz Tarlac Masinloc Phi l i ppi n e s Cabanatuan San Fernando Bay lan ly Is p rat and S A10 Cu Lao Re Angeles Leovigildo Gantioqui/ San Miguel Mae PHILIPPINES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Republic Act P522 to define the archipelagic baselines of the Philippines, July 28, 2008 21° 06' 57.73" N 19° 57' 38.19" N 18° 18' 35.30" N 17° 07' 16.30" N 17° 06' 14.79" N 17° 05' 51.31" N 17° 02' 36.91" N 16° 53' 18.03" N 16° 49' 56.11" N 16° 47' 38.86" N 16° 18' 44.33" N 14° 29' 54.43" N 14° 06' 29.91" N 14° 06' 10.40" N 12° 41' 06.37" N 12° 36' 18.41" N 12° 32' 33.62" N 12° 31' 57.45" N 12° 28' 36.42" N 12° 27' 37.51" N 12° 21' 41.64" N 12° 17' 27.17" N 12° 13' 21.95" N 12° 11' 48.16" N 12° 11' 20.67" N 12° 06' 07.00" N 10° 45' 16.70" N 09° 49' 59.58" N 08° 53' 16.62" N 08° 13' 11.53" N 07° 42' 45.02" N 07° 29' 49.47" N 07° 29' 16.93" N 07° 28' 30.97" N 121° 57' 27.71" E 122° 09' 46.32" E 122° 20' 19.07" E 122° 31' 28.34" E 122° 31' 43.84" E 122° 31' 42.66" E 122° 31' 03.28" E 122° 27' 56.61" E 122° 26' 50.78" E 122° 26' 04.40" E 122° 14' 16.69" E 122° 57' 51.15" E 124° 16' 59.21" E 124° 17' 26.28" E 125° 03' 53.71" E 125° 08' 50.19" E 125° 12' 59.70" E 125° 13' 32.37" E 125° 17' 12.32" E 125° 18' 05.23" E 125° 23' 07.41" E 125° 27' 00.12" E 125° 30' 19.47" E 125° 31' 30.88" E 125° 31' 48.29" E 125° 34' 11.94" E 125° 58' 08.78" E 126° 10' 06.39" E 126° 20' 48.81" E 126° 28' 53.25" E 126° 34' 29.03" E 126° 35' 59.24" E 126° 35' 59.50" E 126° 35' 57.30" E 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 07° 27' 29.42" N 07° 17' 19.80" N 07° 16' 14.43" N 06° 17' 14.73" N 06° 16' 08.35" N 05° 23' 34.20" N 05° 23' 21.80" N 05° 21' 55.66" N 05° 21' 58.48" N 05° 22' 02.91" N 05° 23' 20.18" N 06° 09' 08.44" N 06° 26' 47.22" N 06° 02' 33.77" N 06° 01' 08.15" N 06° 00' 17.88" N 05° 12' 08.70" N 04° 47' 39.24" N 04° 24' 53.84" N 04° 25' 03.83" N 04° 36' 09.01" N 04° 42' 52.07" N 04° 45' 55.25" N 04° 47' 05.36" N 04° 55' 10.45" N 05° 02' 23.73" N 05° 46' 35.15" N 06° 05' 58.41" N 06° 04' 14.08" N 06° 11' 04.65" N 06° 13' 39.90" N 06° 17' 43.99" N 06° 52' 14.53" N 07° 30' 26.05" N 126° 35' 51.71" E 126° 36' 18.16" E 126° 35' 57.20" E 126° 12' 14.40" E 126° 11' 35.06" E 125° 28' 42.11" E 125° 28' 19.59" E 125° 25' 11.21" E 125° 21' 52.03" E 125° 20' 59.73" E 125° 19' 44.29" E 124° 15' 42.81" E 122° 13' 34.50" E 121° 56' 36.20" E 121° 54' 41.45" E 121° 53' 11.17" E 120° 41' 38.14" E 119° 51' 58.08" E 119° 14' 50.71" E 119° 14' 15.15" E 119° 03' 22.75" E 119° 01' 44.04" E 119° 03' 15.19" E 119° 05' 12.94" E 119° 22' 01.30" E 119° 44' 18.14" E 119° 39' 51.77" E 118° 26' 57.30" E 118° 18' 33.33" E 118° 06' 54.15" E 118° 03' 52.09" E 118° 00' 05.44" E 118° 23' 40.49" E 117° 18' 33.75" E 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 07° 48' 30.69" N 07° 51' 27.17" N 07° 52' 19.86" N 07° 54' 36.35" N 08° 02' 00.26" N 08° 11' 18.36" N 08° 37' 56.37" N 08° 44' 17.40" N 08° 53' 32.20" N 09° 02' 57.47" N 09° 59' 22.54" N 11° 13' 19.82" N 12° 19' 35.22" N 13° 53' 21.45" N 15° 48' 43.61" N 15° 57' 51.67" N 16° 09' 57.90" N 16° 10' 12.42" N 16° 16' 34.46" N 16° 17' 12.70" N 16° 18' 29.49" N 16° 19' 28.20" N 16° 20' 04.38" N 17° 34' 24.94" N 17° 41' 17.56" N 17° 55' 04.13" N 18° 29' 32.42" N 18° 30' 52.88" N 19° 10' 14.78" N 20° 43' 15.74" N 21° 07' 17.47" N 21° 07' 18.41" N 21° 07' 12.04" N 116° 59' 39.18" E 116° 54' 17.19" E 116° 53' 28.73" E 116° 53' 16.64" E 116° 54' 10.04" E 116° 59' 51.87" E 117° 15' 51.23" E 117° 20' 39.37" E 117° 28' 15.78" E 117° 37' 38.88" E 118° 36' 53.61" E 119° 15' 17.74" E 119° 50' 56.00" E 120° 01' 05.86" E 119° 46' 56.09" E 119° 44' 55.32" E 119° 45' 15.76" E 119° 45' 11.95" E 119° 46' 19.50" E 119° 46' 28.52" E 119° 46' 44.94" E 119° 47' 07.69" E 119° 47' 20.48" E 120° 20' 33.36" E 120° 21' 02.02" E 120° 24' 40.56" E 120° 33' 42.41" E 120° 34' 55.35" E 121° 12' 52.64" E 121° 46' 57.80" E 121° 56' 43.85" E 121° 56' 48.79" E 121° 57' 03.65" E TAIWAN Taipei, like Beijing, asserts “historic” sovereignty over all features drawn within the dashes originally shown on a map published by the Kuomintang government in 1947—including the Spratly Islands, Paracel Islands, Pratas Island, and Scarborough Reef. Taiwan occupies several of the Spratly Islands and administers Pratas Island. Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam object to Taiwan’s coincident claims with China. Gasfield Offshore terminal Floating (Production) Storage and Offloading unit (FPSO and FSO) Sriracha Habour T Vi e t n a m Pleiku Hon Trau Scarborough Reef ôn Olongapo Subic Bay Limay nlé Tô San Sisophon Stœng Trêng Quy Nhon Cu Lao Coni A9 Fiber-Optic Submarine Cables VIETNAM Hanoi claims all of the Spratly and Paracel Islands. However, the extent of Vietnam’s territorial and maritime claims in the SCS has not been delimited in text or on maps. Vietnam considers the Spratly Islands an offshore district of Khanh Hoa Province and occupies several of them. China seized all of the Paracels in 1974. Like the Chinese, Vietnamese archeologists provide their own evidence to support a long historic presence on various SCS features. Hanoi claims that since France controlled both island groups beginning in the 1930s, Vietnam succeeded to those rights after independence. Brunei, China (including Taiwan), Malaysia, and the Philippines dispute Vietnam’s claims. Tônl é Cu Lao Poulo Gambir S Batdâmbâng Rayong Chanthaburi APCN C2C China-US EAC FLAG Guam-Philippines SeaMeWe TIS (Thailand-Indonesia-Singapore) Jasmine Venture Terminal Cu Lao Ma Nha Tonle Sap Pouthisat Cambodia Krâchéh T Tuy Hoa tra i Buon Ma Thuot Mui Nay A8 Dam Mon Hon Khoi Vung Ro A7 Ko Chang Ch ines e cla Krong Kaôh Kong Ko Kut Kaoh Kong Kâmpóng Chhnang Nha Trang ong ek Hon Cha La Van Phong Bay Hon Tre 81 Mindoro Strait Busuanga Island San Jose Tabl as S So u t h China Se a im NORTH DANGER REEF Balanga Manila Mariveles Quezon City MANILA Jose Francisco/ Bonifacio POLILLO ISLANDS ds. Ho we Heracleo Alano/ Cavite Calamba 82 Lubang Island LUBANG ISLANDS San Pablo Lucena Atimonan Lipa Pagbilao Batangos Santa Cruz Lamon Bay 12 Jose Pangbaniban CALAGUA ISLANDS ve th r, Tandoc 13 14 e ex te n Daet Tinambac Virac Lagonoy Gulf Catanduanes Island f to the Ragay Gulf Naga Legaspi lai ir c Tabaco Julhasan A. Arasain/ Legazpi t p rê ôk been s not m ha d e l i m i te Pinamalayan Marinduque Burias Island Mindoro Sorsogon 15 16 17-18 19-20 21 22 23 24-25 26 Romblon Island ne pi ip il Ph Sibuyan Masbate Sibuyan Island Ticao Island im We st Pa ss ala ya a uy o Note: The South China Sea is defined by the International Hydrographic Bureau as the body of water stretching in a southwest to northeast direction, whose southern limit is 3° South latitude between southern Sumatra and Kalimantan (Karimata Strait), and whose northern limit is the Taiwan Strait from the northern tip of Taiwan to the Fujian coast of China. 0 Ch in Scale 1: 5,100,000 0 50 100 150 200 Benchamas Terminal 150 200 Tantawan Terminal PHNOM PENH Kâmpóng Saôm Kâmpôt cla ese Ea st Pa s Cuy o n) cl a Kilometers 50 100 Kaoh Rung Kaoh Rung Samlœm Kaoh Pring Statute Miles 0 50 100 150 200 10 on g Ph Gulf of Thailand ilip Kaoh Tang Dao Phu Quoc QUAN DAO AN THOI ek e Paracel Islands 111°00’ North Reef Nautical Miles Platong Terminal 112°00’ North Island Middle Island South Island North Sand Middle Sand South Sand Rocky Island QUAN DAO BA LUA Long Xuyen Rach Gia Long An Can Tho M Vung Tau Te Giac Trang Su Tu Vang Ruby Rang Dong 1 pin e My Tho (K Chau Doc Ho Chi Minh City My Thoi Phu My Su Tu Den Terminal C Cu Lao Thu LOAITA BANK Loaita Island Subi Reef West York Island Flat Island Nanshan Island s im 113°00’ QUAN DAO NAM DU Dao Tho Chu A1 Hon Rai ôn Ca Mau Hon Chuoi a lé S b Kâmpóng Cham M Da Lat Tablas Island Cam Ranh Ba Ngoi Masbate Island Calbayog Samar Sea d. Sea Roxas City Panay Alfonso Palencia/ Guimaras Samar Tay Ninh Phan RangThap Cham Phan Thiet REED NARES BANK TABLEMOUNT Linap aca n Str ai CALAMIAN GROUP t Visayan Sea Bantayan Biliran Island Tr Malampaya Terminal 80 Tacloban Ormoc Leyte Isabel Dioscoro Papa/ Tacloban ch en Thu Dau Mot Thitu Island THITU REEFS Taytay CUYO ISLANDS Iloilo Bacolod San Carlos Pulupandan Leyte Gulf Suluan Island 27 Itu Aba Island Gaven Reefs Discovery Great Reef Sin Cowe Island 129 Julia Shoal A6 S P R AT LY TIZARD BANK 79 Roxas Carlito Cunanan/ Ulugan Table Point Dumaran Island Guimaras Island Cebu Toledo Homonhon Island Cebu City Panay Gulf Minglanilla Carcar Rafael Ramos/ Mactan Dinagat Island Siargao Island 10 28 Namyit Island Mischief Reef Bombay Shoal Soc Trang Bac Lieu Negros Apolinario Jalandoon/ Puerto Princesa Chi Linh Terminal Chi Lang Terminal Vinashin 17°00’ Tree Island West Sand Mo ft so uth h Ba Vi Terminal Vietsovpetro Terminal 130 Coronation Bank Fiery Cross Reef UNION REEFS Johnson Reef South Bohol Tagbilaran Surigao SIARGAO ISLANDS Puerto Princesa 17°00’ Dido Bank Lincoln Island Erawan Terminal 131 ISLANDS Pigeon Reef Half Moon Shoal Commodore Reef INVESTIGATOR SHOAL CAGAYAN ISLANDS Bais Dumaguete Siquijor Island Bohol Sea Camiguin Island Masao Palawan 78 77 76 75 South China Sea AMPHITRITE GROUP Iltis Bank Woody Island Mui Ca Mau Con Son A5 A3 A4 LONDON REEFS Cuarteron Reef Pearson Reef Tubbataha Reefs Spratly Islands 110 12 16°30’ CRESCENT GROUP Robert Island Money Island 132 Dai Hung Prince Consort Bank Prince of Wales Bank Spratly Island 16°30’ u 114 116 118 12 Bongkot Terminal 5-3 5-2 Malaysian-Thai Joint Development Area Armada Perkasa Barque Canada Reef Amboyna Cay RIFLEMAN BANK g Quanfu Dao Pattle Island Vie tnam Ch clai Discovery Reef 16°00’ Passu Keah Bombay Reef 16°00’ Ko Losin Song Doc Triton Island Herald Bank 0 20 NORTH DANGER REEF North Northeast Cay Reef Southwest Cay South Reef se Charlotte Bank Swallow Reef Royal Charlotte Reef ARDASIER REEFS Ch in es e Marie Louise Bank m Scawfell Shoal Rong Doi (MV 12) cl T ai m Cam Ranh Yagong Dao Shi Yu Pyramid Observation Rock NEPTUNA Bank Xianshe Yu BANKS 112 Drummond Island Duncan Island Bremen JEHANGIRE Antelope Bank REEFS Reef Vuladdore Reef Hon Khoai A2 1979 Malaysian-claimed continental shelf limit h Cape Buliluyan 74 73 72 70-71 69 Sulu Sea Sibuguey Bay Romulo M. Espaldon/ Zamboanga Butuan Nasipit 29 ese ry am da tn oun Vie b ai- me Th riti a m Dipolog Oroquieta Iligan Bay Ozamiz City Pagadian Margosatubio Cagayan Iligan de Oro Marawi Bislig 30 Mariveles Reef r o Narciso Del Rosario/Balabac Balabac Island Mindanao Illana Bay 31 ine Trident Shoal Lys Shoal Menzies Reef REED NARES BANK VANGUARD BANK Scale 1:2,500,000 40 Kilometers TABLEMOUNT Templer Bank Leslie Bank Narathiwat a im 111°00’ 112°00’ 0 20 40 Nautical Miles 803427AI (G02457) 1-10 Thai. Sandy Shoal Kota Baharu PULAU PERHENTIAN Pulau Redang Malaysian-Vietnamese Joint Economic Development Zone aa THITU REEFS Tiezhi Sandy Cay Jiao Thitu Island Loaita Cay Loaita Nan Loaita Island Itu Aba Island Sand Cay Subi Reef n) West York Island cl Bunga Kertis/ Lukut 19 79 co Mal ntin ay en sian tal sh -claim elf lim ed it Abu Indon esian-Vi e maritime etnames boundary ed aim n-cl limit aysia elf Mal tal sh 1979ntinen co Bru ne ia P a l a w a n Balabac Strait 68 Tagum Polloc 32-35 36-37 Pulau Balambangan Pulau Banggi Pulau Malawali Pulau Jambongan CAGAYAN SULU ISLANDS 67 Cotabato Zamboanga Davao Felix Apolinario/ Davao Mati Chinese Kudat Pulau Mantanani Besar Pulau Mengalum Sepangar Bay Terminal n Isabela PANGUTARAN GROUP Moro Gulf Digos co nti ne nta ls NORTH LUCONIA SHOALS Davao Gulf Cape San Agustin 38-39 Basilan Island 47 claim he lf Louisa Reef 66 ou nd ary Third Thomas Shoal Flat Island Nanshan Island al LOAITA BANK Lankiam Cay Petley Reef (K ar itim eb p in Baker Reef Dickinson Reef Petch Reef e Bao Tan Pennsylvania North Reef Wood Bank Lord Auckland Shoal 19 bo 58 un Bri da tis ry h Irving Reef Hopkins Reef ay Seahorse Shoal AMY DOUGLAS BANK Brown Reef Dulang Terminal Cendor Terminal Malaysian-Vietnamese joint CLCS southern submission cla im Kikeh Terminal Teluk 64 Labuk 65 TURTLE ISLANDS 63 62 SAMALES GROUP Magados Island 61 TAPIANTANA GROUP 48 49 50 Palimban Point 46 General Santos Buck Reef Seahorse Breakers WINCHESTER SHOALS Pulau Tiga Kota Kinabalu Sandakan Jolo Island Ta pa Jolo Kuala Terengganu Fairie Queen Siasi an Anoa Terminal Pulau Labuan Cu LaoThu nes Sou t h Chi na 10 ian -M Western Reef Discovery Great Reef Eldad Reef Livock Reef alay Hoare Reef Deane Reef Hampson Reef il ip sia nm Iroquois Reef Shinko Shoal Ph SOUTHERN REEFS Pennsylvania South Reef Kuala Dungun Pulau Tenggul Kerteh Terminal Angsi Kakap Natuna Marine Terminal 10 9 11-12 Gaven Reefs TIZARD BANK Namyit Island Hopps Reef JACKSON ATOLL M a l ay s i a Carnatic Shoal SOUTH LUCONIA SHOALS Stigant Reef Victoria Labuan Kimanis Sabah Oil and Gas Terminal Richmond Reef Comus Shoal Sierra Blanca BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN Tutong Seria Lumut Muara Tanjong Salirong SABAH Tanjung Labian Tawi Tawi Island 60 Pa ss TAPUL GROUP ag e 51 Lahad Datu 59 A LU R C H IP E L A G O Tinaca Point Pulau Miangas 38-39 40-41 SARANGANI ISLANDS 43-45 42 Indonesian-Malaysian maritime boundar y tu bu Si Pulau Laut Kuala Belait Teluk Lahad Datu Kunak 57 56 58 55 Juan Magluyan/ Batu-Batu as s Bangar ag 52 e SU 35-37 34 40-41 KEPULAUAN NANUSA P 42-43 ice Al Ind o ÎLES CATWICK Julia Shoal Discovery Cornwallis Small Reef Reef Kennan Reef Holiday Whitsun Reef Reef Grierson Reef SOUTHAMPTON REEFS Mischief Reef Hardy Reef Kampong Kemaman Sungai Pahang 10 Belida Terminal Belanak Udang Natuna 8 Miri James Shoal Madalene Shoal ELIZABETH SHOALS Tawau Semporna Pulau Sebatik 19 Pulau Ligitan 17 18 l 53-54 SIBUTU GROUP 33 Pulau Karakelong C nn ha e KEPULAUAN TALAUD 44 Sea Coronation Bank Fiery Cross Reef Maralie Reef Central Reef West Reef Spratly Island LONDON REEFS East Reef Cuarteron Reef Pearson Reef UNION Sin Cowe Island Loveless Reef Collins Reef Johnson Reef Lansdowne Reef Len Dao Union Atoll / Sin Cowe East Island REEFS Fancy Wreck Shoal SABINA SHOAL Lixin Jiao Kuantan Tanjung Gelang 13 KUALA LUMPUR Port Klang Pekan 6 5 7 Pulau Natuna Besar Pulau Matak Second Thomas Shoal se Chine m clai Brunei Tarakan Pulau Sipadan Pulau Bunyu Acis Shoal S P R AT LY I S LA N D S Pigeon Reef Alison Reef Cornwallis South Reef Boxall Reef Pian Jiao Investigator Northeast Shoal Royal Captain Shoal Bombay Shoal Petaling Jaya Seremban In d m one Sungai Udang ar si itim an e -M bo al un aysi dar an y Pulau Siantan Pulau Tioman KEPULAUAN Pulau Pemanggil 4 Pulau Midai Mersing Half Moon Shoal Palawan Melaka Muar Keluang Batu Pahat Kulai Johor Bahru Tanjung Pelepas Pulau Aur Pulau Tinggi Pulau Panjang 15 3 Pulau Serasan Pulau Bruit Dumai Strait of Malacca Bengkalis Pulau Murih t la Se S asa er n 16 Tandjung Datu Sibu Sarikei ang Bat j an Ra g Su ng ai Ka y Alicia Annie Reef First Thomas Shoal Port Dickson Pulau Jemaja Pulau ANAMBAS Airabu Segamat KEPULAUAN NATUNA SELATAN Pulau Subi 14 Tanjung Sirik Bintulu Mal ay si a S A R AWA K an 20 Pulau Bunyu ys ia n-cla Celebes Sea imed continental she limit lf 32 Pulau Sangihe Besar Tanjungredep Pulau Maratua 79 19 M a al KEPULAUAN Pulau Siau SANGIHE Wanua Tagulandang 21 Wanua Biaro 31 22 Ladd Reef Jubilee Seamount Sungaipakning Tanjung Langsat 1 Strait ore ap Pulau Sambu ng Pulau Si Pulau Bintan Singapore 2 Kuching KEPULAUAN TAMBELAN Pulau Lemukutan ited . 1979 Malaysian-claimed continental shelf limit Commodore Reef Glasgow Bank Director elim Philippines Pandanan Island Bancalan Island Ramos Island Bugsuk Island Mantangule Island 8 Lalang Terminal SINGAPORE Selat Panjang B o r n e o Simanggang Tanjung Mangkalihat Manado 24 25-26 Tanjung Binar 23 Tanjung Dondo Bitung 27 Tunggilio Dako 28 30 29 M Halmahera Sambas BatamTanjung Uban Tanjungpinang Kijang Pulau Mapur O tb ee nd as Prince of Wales Bank 8 Alexandra Bank Prince Consort Bank Grainger Bank VANGUARD BANK RIFLEMAN BANK Johnson Patch Owen Shoal Bombay Castle Lizzie Webber Barque Canada Reef Mariveles Reef Erica Reef INVESTIGATOR Erjiao Jiao SHOAL Langkou Jiao Buatan Singkawang Ka Ternate Pekanbaru KEPULAUAN RIAU KEPULAUAN BADAS Pulau Pengiki Besar Xiantou Jiao pu K A L I M A T A N ai ng Su Gorontalo Tanjung bara Sangatta Terminal Molucca Equator L no ha s Ardasier Breakers Gloucester Breakers Balabac Island m Amboyna Cay cl 19 7 co 9 M nti a ne lay nta sia l s n-c he la lf im lim ed it he i ne Orleana Shoal rc Balabac Strait nt of t Dallas Reef Ardasier Reef Kingston Shoal hi ARDASIER REEFS Swallow Reef Paracel and Spratly Islands Occupation Status China Malaysia Philippines Islands, reefs, and shoals that have portions above water at high tide are labeled in dark green. tan g Taiwan Vietnam Royal Charlotte Reef Br un ei ela sa an Air M us co m cla Vietna ims l ace Par t he an Isla tly pra dS s. nd Hari Jambi Teluk Sukadana Sungai Barito t r, ve we Ho he te ex Pulau Balambangan Pulau Banggi Kudat Pulau Mantanani Besar Malawali 19 co 79 nt Ma in la en y ta sia l s n-c he la lf im lim e it d Pulau Sulu Sea 0 KEPULAUAN LINGGA Pulau Lingga Pulau Pejantan Equator Datu Pontianak Sanggau Su ng ai Bontang ka m Sintang Teluk Tomini KEPULAUAN TOGIAN Pantoloan 0 U a ah M la im C S u m at ra Ba Terminal Se Jabung lat Pulau Singkep Indonesia Muaratewe Panebangan Pulau Maya Melak Santan Terminal Sea Pulau Peling se ai C Samarinda Berh ala KEPULAUAN TUJUH Ampana Palu Balikpapan Lawe-Lawe Terminal Senipah Terminal Bekapi Terminal Luwuk C A Poso Pulau Banggai Pulau Taliabu Pulau Mangole Se Pulau Jambongan I n do n e si a i Pangkalpinang Pangkalbalam la Pulau Karimata t Ketapang Ka Bangka Pulau Liat rim iS Palangkaraya am p it at Makassar Strait KEPULAUAN BALABALAGAN Tanjung Pemancingan KEPULAUAN BANGGAI Tiaka Pulau Bangkurung S KEPULAUAN SULA KEPULAUAN BAWOKA a ng Su Su lawes i (Ce le b e s ) Palopo Soroako Mangkasa Oil Terminal Pulau Sanana a Pangkalanbuun Tanjung Sambar Sampit 4,000 meters 2000 meters 1000 meters 200 meters en ta Louisa Reef l Pulau Mengalum Scale 1: 2,700,000 6 0 0 0 20 20 20 40 40 Nautical Miles 110 112 40 60 60 Statute Miles 60 80 100 80 100 80 100 sh el f Saracen Bank Pulau Gaya M a l ay s i a Kota Kinabalu Teluk Labuk 6 Lubuklinggau Palembang Perabumulih Sela tG Water Depth nt Tanjungpandan Belitung Ceram Sea Namlea in Pulau Lepar I n d o n e s ia Kendari Pulau Wawonii Banjarmasin Banjarbaru Pulau Laut Friendship Shoal Hardie Reef NORTH LUCONIA SHOALS Moody Reef Tripp Reef Kilometers cl Aitken Reef Buck Reef ai Pulau Sebuku m 1958 British boundary WINCHESTER SHOALS Pulau Tiga Sandakan Pulau Baai Bengkulu Seahorse Breakers 114 116 118 Indian Ocean Java Sea Widuri Marine Terminal 110 Parepare Teluk Bone Banda Sea Pulau Buru Pulau Buton 120 Boundary representation is not necessarily authoritative. Names in Vietnam are shown without diacritical marks. 803426AI (G02284) 1-10 803425AI (G02257) 1-10