57 1 Documents Neutron Manual

NeutronSingle Board PC User Manual NEUTRON User Manual Document Part N° Document Reference Document Issue Level Manual covers PCBs with the following Issue 0127-1031 NEUTRON\..\01271031.doc 2.0 1.x & 2.x (x is any alpha/digit) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopied, recorded or otherwise, without the prior permission, in writing, from the publisher. For permission in the UK contact Blue Chip Technology. Information offered in this manual is believed to be correct at the time of printing. Blue Chip Technology accepts no responsibility for any inaccuracies. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. There are no express or implied licences granted herein to any intellectual property rights of Blue Chip Technology Ltd. All trademarks and registered names acknowledged. Blue Chip Technology Limited, Chowley Oak, Tattenhall, Chester, Cheshire, CH3 9EX, UK Telephone: +44 (0)1829 772000 Facsimile: +44 (0)1829 772001 Website: http://www.bluechiptechnology.co.uk Amendment History Issue Level 0.1 0.2 1.0 2.0 Issue Date 29/10/99 6/01/00 1/09/00 14/12/00 Author EW PMD EGW EGW Amendment Details First draft BIOS settings updated Revised format ECN 2000/151: include E2 and Dig I/O options in one build. Were 2 builds. CONTENTS CONTENTS COMPANY PROFILE INTRODUCTION MANUAL OBJECTIVES LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY PRECAUTIONS Electro-Static Discharges Off-Board Battery RELATED PUBLICATIONS TRADEMARKS USER GUIDE OVERVIEW Board Level Features CPU Bus Expansion Slots Electromagnetic Compatibility SPECIFICATION Cooling HARDWARE DESCRIPTION CHIPSET M1489 CACHE MEMORY PCI CONTROLLER (CMP) IDE Support M1487 ISA BRIDGE CONTROLLER (IBC) Real Time Clock. 01271031 . CMOS RAM and Battery VIDEO: CHIPS & TECHNOLOGIES 69000 SMC 37C665 SUPER I/O CONTROLLER Floppy Controller WATCHDOG FUNCTION PROGRAMMABLE DIGITAL INPUT/OUTPUTS USER EEPROM SOLID STATE DISK SUPPORT BIOS System Setup Utility PCI Support ISA Plug and Play Auto-Configuration Capabilities Advanced Power Management Sleep mode Support Security features CLEARING CMOS MEMORY CONNECTORS JUMPERS 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 10 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 Blue Chip Technology Ltd. 01271031 .CONTENTS SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION BIOS SETUP OVERVIEW OF THE SETUP MENU SCREENS Main Screen Overview of the Setup Keys Standard Setup Advanced CMOS Setup Advanced Chipset Setup Power Management Setup PCI / plug and play Setup Peripheral Setup ADDRESS MAPS Memory Map I/O Map Interrupts & DMA Channels USING THE ADDITIONAL IO FUNCTIONS Watchdog Timer Operation EEPROM Access and Control Programmable Digital Input/Outputs Accessing INT 50h Functions DISK-ON-CHIP SUPPORT Installing the Disk-On-Chip Configuring the Disk-On-Chip as the Boot device Configuring the Disk-On-Chip as the first drive CONNECTORS ERROR MESSAGES AMIBIOS Error Beep Codes AMIBIOS Error Codes on the POST display AMIBIOS Error Messages ISA NMI Messages PCI Configuration Error Messages BOARD LAYOUT 14 14 14 14 16 16 19 21 22 24 26 28 28 29 30 31 31 33 34 35 36 36 37 37 38 45 45 46 51 53 54 55 Blue Chip Technology Ltd. The PHOTON Single Board PC is one of the latest additions to our portfolio. 01271031 . delivering innovative solutions to customers problems. reliability and performance. Aston Martin. engineering workshop and production lines. providing a cost effective product development and volume production tool for OEMs. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. Based in the Northwest. Blue Chip Technology has one of the UK's largest portfolios of industrial PCs. peripherals and data acquisition cards. A unique customisation and specialised system integration service is also available. JaguarSport and British Gas. ensuring the highest levels of quality. The company's success and reputation in this area has led to a number of large design and manufacturing projects for companies such as BNFL. coupled with our experience and expertise. Blue Chip Technology provides innovation with quality design and manufacturing from a single source. This extensive range of products.PHOTON USER MANUAL COMPANY PROFILE COMPANY PROFILE Blue Chip Technology is the leading specialist PC product manufacturer in UK/Europe. enables Blue Chip Technology to offer an industrial processing solution for any application. Specialising in the provision of industrial computing and electronic solutions for a wide range of UK and European organisations. British Standards Institute approval (BS EN ISO9001) means that all of Blue Chip Technology's design and manufacturing procedures are strictly controlled. our purpose built complex contains one of the most advanced research and development facility. Blue Chip Technology are also committed to the single European market and continue to invest in the latest technology and skills to provide high performance computer and electronic solutions for a world-wide customer base. incidental or consequential. Please be aware that it is possible to create configurations within the CMOS RAM that make booting impossible. We strongly recommend that you study this manual carefully before attempting to interface with NEUTRON or change the standard configurations. We have tried to include as much information as possible but we have not duplicated information that is provided in the standard IBM Technical References. whether direct. arising from the design or use of this product or the support materials supplied with this product.NEUTRON USER MANUAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION M ANUAL OBJECTIVES This manual describes in detail the Blue Chip Technology NEUTRON PC104 Single Board Processor Card (SBPC). Blue Chip Technology Ltd. If this should happen. LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY In no event shall Blue Chip Technology be held liable for any loss. indirect. The manual is sectioned and includes a User Guide that will help the non-technical user to get the unit up and running. expenses or damages of any kind whatsoever. please contact our Customer Support department with the relevant details. 01271031 Page 1 . clear the CMOS settings by powering the system down and disconnecting the external lithium battery (if used). Whilst all the necessary information is available in this manual we would recommend that unless you are confident. If you have any suggestions or find any errors concerning this manual and want to inform us of these. Blue Chip Technology is only obliged to replace or refund the purchase price at Blue Chip Technology's discretion according to their Terms and Conditions of Sale. unless it proved to be necessary to aid in the understanding of the NEUTRON. If this product proves to be defective. you contact your supplier for guidance. EXPLOSION AND HARM.NEUTRON USER MANUAL INTRODUCTION PRECAUTIONS It is imperative that precautions are taken to avoid electro-static discharges. OFF-BOARD BATTERY This board supports an off board a Lithium battery. This should be repeated if the handling is for any length of time. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. ELECTRO-STATIC DISCHARGES The devices on this card can be totally destroyed by static electricity. When carrying the board around. This will prevent any static electricity build up. please place it into the non-conductive bag in which it came. Under NO circumstances should: • the outputs be shorted • be exposed to temperatures in excess of 100° C • be burnt • be immersed in water • be unsoldered • be recharged • be disassembled IF THE BATTERY IS MISTREATED IN ANY WAY THERE IS A VERY REAL POSSIBILITY OF FIRE. ideally wear an approved wrist strap or touch a suitable ground to discharge any static build up. Ensure that you take necessary static precautions. Great care should be taken with this type of battery. 01271031 Page 2 . or any maltreatment of the off-board lithium battery. 15F0306. • The Programmers PC Sourcebook. All 80x86 and Pentium processors are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. 1502494. PC. MSDOS and WINDOWS are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation. 01271031 Page 3 . AMI Hi-Flex BIOS is a trademark of American Megatrends Inc. • IBM Personal Computer AT Technical Reference. • IBM Personal System/2 & Personal Computer BIOS Interface Technical Reference. Finali is a registered Trademark of Acer Labs Incorporated Blue Chip Technology Ltd. Microsoft • The Winn L. Rosch Hardware Bible. Brady • PC104 Consortium Technical Specification TRADEMARKS IBM. AT and PS/2 are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). IBM. Intel is a registered trademark of the Intel Corporation. 1987.NEUTRON USER MANUAL INTRODUCTION RELATED PUBLICATIONS The following publications will provide useful information related to the Standard Personal Computer and can be used in conjunction with this manual. PC/104-plus and PC/104 are registered trademarks of the PC/104 Consortium. 1984. IBM. Features such as Windows 95/98-ready Plug and Play (PnP).). In addition to superior hardware capabilities.NEUTRON USER MANUAL USER GUIDE USER GUIDE OVERVIEW The Blue Chip Technology NEUTRON single board PC sets new standards for integration of the latest advances in processor. PCI EIDE and Advanced Power Management (APM) are available for NEUTRON. The SMC 37C665 Super I/O controller integrates the standard PC I/O functions: floppy interface. two FIFO serial ports and one EPP/ECP capable parallel port. The Finali PCIset contains an integrated PCI Bus EIDE controller with a high performance IDE interface allowing up to two IDE devices (such as hard drives. memory. 01271031 Page 4 . The NEUTRON complies with the PC104 interface requirements. etc. A Chips & Technologies 69000 video controller supports both CRT and LCD displays. simultaneously if required. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. CD-ROM readers. The memory sub-system supports 16MB of on-board DRAM. The NEUTRON single board PC utilises the ALI Finali PCI chipset to provide increased integration and performance over other single board PC designs. a full set of software drivers and utilities are available to allow advanced operating systems such as Windows 95/98 to take full advantage of the hardware capabilities. The design is based on the AMD Am5x86-P75 running at an internal clock rate of 133MHz providing an equivalent performance to a P75. A standard set of cables to cover most common applications is available separately. and I/O technologies. NEUTRON is an ideal platform for the increasing requirements of today and tomorrow's embedded applications. 01271031 Page 5 . An on-board voltage regulator circuit provides the required voltage for the processor from the 5V output of a standard PC power supply.NEUTRON USER MANUAL USER GUIDE BOARD LEVEL FEATURES • AMD 5x86-P75 133MHz CPU • On-board 3. BUS EXPANSION SLOTS NEUTRON is designed for use in an embedded application and provides ISA expansion via the standard PC/104 (ISA) connector. and includes an integrated unified 16KB on-chip cache which employs a write-back policy. whilst maintaining backward compatibility with 8x87 math coprocessor and complying with ANSI/IEEE standard 754-1985. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. • +5v only operation. • 3 programmable digital input/output lines. There may be up to four PC/104 bus expansion cards.3 V CPU voltage regulator • ALI Finali PCI chipset: M1489 Cache Memory PCI Controller (CMP) Also providing dual PCI IDE interface M1487 ISA bridge Controller (IBC) • 16MByte of DRAM on-board • Chips & Technologies 69000 video controller with 2MB of video DRAM • PC104 (ISA) expansion bus • SMC 37C665 I/O controller providing: Dual floppy interface EPP/ECP bi-directional parallel interface Dual RS232 serial ports. It supports burst mode bus cycles. • 128 bytes user EEPROM. • Optional socketed Solid State Disk 2-288 MByte Flash expansion using Disk On Chip (DOC) CPU The NEUTRON PC104 single board PC is designed to operate with AMD Am5x86-P75 CPU running at 3. • Real-time clock with support for off-board Lithium battery • PS/2 keyboard support. The Am5x86-P75 processor maintains full backward compatibility with the 8x86 architecture processors.3 Volts. Also integrated into the processor is an advanced numeric co-processor which significantly increases the speed of floating point operations. It is imperative that any external cabling to the board is totally screened. A fully compatible keyboard and/or mouse must be used otherwise the complete system could be degraded. Use metal connector shells that connect around the full circumference of the screen: they are far superior to those that earth the screen by a simple “pig-tail”. Under these circumstances it may be beneficial to add a ferrite clamp on the keyboard/mouse lead as close as possible to the connector. Warning This is a Class A product. certain conditions have to be applied to ensure that the compatibility is maintained. • The keyboard and mouse will play an important part in the compatibility of the processor card since it is a port into the board. • The board must be installed with any bulkhead plates securely screwed to the chassis of the computer to ensure good metal-to-metal (i. earth) contact. they will affect the compatibility of the complete system. • The board must be installed in a computer system chassis that provides screening suitable for an industrial environment. it meets the requirements for an industrial environment (Class A product). 01271031 Page 6 . • Any recommendations made by the computer system manufacturer/supplier must be complied with regarding earthing and the installation of boards. The keyboard/mouse themselves may radiate or behave as if keys are pressed when subject to interference. However. Subject to those conditions.e.NEUTRON USER MANUAL USER GUIDE ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY This product meets the requirements of the European EMC Directive (89/336/EEC) and is eligible to bear the CE mark. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. because the board can be installed in a variety of computers and enclosures. A suitable type is the Chomerics type H8FE-1004-AS. and that the screen of the cable connects to the metal enclosure and hence to earth. It is recommended that round screened cables with a braided wire screen are used in preference to those with a foil screen and drain wire. Similarly. • Most EMC problems are caused by cabling external to the board. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures. • Ensure that the screens of any external cables are bonded to a good RF earth at the remote end of the cable. Failure to observe these recommendations may invalidate the EMC compliance. Therefore. The resistance to airflow (the back-pressure on the fan) will depend upon the enclosure. and depends on many factors. COOLING Efficient cooling is essential for long and reliable operation. the volume produced by any fan will vary with the pressure against which it has to work. interpreting airflow volumes is not intuitive. non-condensing EN55022 (A) EN50082-1 in a Blue Chip ICON Industrial PC Chassis 100.NEUTRON USER MANUAL USER GUIDE SPECIFICATION NEUTRON Power Requirement +5 V ± 5% +12 V ± 5% -5 V ± 5% -12 V ± 5% Typical System Consumption Temperature Non-Operating Operating 8 Watts Required for processor operation. Consequently. However. However. airflow of 15 m3/hour) C C +0° to +50° (min. The calculation of airflow through an enclosure is not straightforward. the greater the cooling effect and the lower the temperature rise above the ambient air temperature. As an aid to selecting suitable cooling. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. airflow of 45 m3/hour) C C +0° to +60° (min.000 Hrs 108 x 96 mm Humidity EMC Operating Emissions Immunity Estimated Board only MTBF Dimensions Power Consumption figures given are for a typical configuration. the following example is offered. it is essential that the free circulation of the cooling airflow is not impeded.  The PC/104 voltage rails  are linked on board. the mounting and restrictions. Am5x86-P75 16 MB RAM -40° to +80° C C +0° to +40° (min. The method of meeting the cooling requirements will be specific for each system. Restrictions to the airflow will reduce this volume. A 60 mm axial fan (such as a Papst type 612NGH) blowing over the board can supply up to 46 m3/hour when unrestricted. This information is provided only as a guide to calculating approximate total power usage for a system.  Not required for board operation. when mounting and cabling the board. 01271031 Page 7 . airflow of 66 m3/hour) C C 10 % to 90 % RH. The greater the volume of air. the system builder is responsible for ensuring adequate cooling. CD-ROM) devices.g. CMOS RAM AND BATTERY The integrated Real Time Clock (RTC) is both DS1287 and MC146818 compatible. The RTC can be set via the BIOS SETUP program. The CMOS RAM can be set to specific values or cleared to the system default values using the BIOS SETUP program. and a dedicated connector for popular LCDs. keyboard. The CMP also integrates an intelligent Host to PCI interface buffer to improve system performance. NEUTRON is fitted with a connector to allow the use of an off-board 3. All the necessary drivers for most popular operating systems are supplied on a utilities disk. including multiplexed address signals. A battery is required to maintain the RTC and CMOS memory whilst the power is switched off. The CMOS RAM values can be cleared to the system defaults by disconnecting the external Lithium battery. It provides a time of day clock and a 100-year calendar with alarm features. The system BIOS supports Logical Block Addressing (LBA) and Extended Cylinder Head Sector (ECHS) translation modes as well as ATAPI (e. The RTC also supports128 bytes of battery-backed CMOS RAM which is reserved for BIOS use. IDE SUPPORT The NEUTRON single board PC provides one high performance PCI IDE interfaces capable of supporting PIO Mode 3 and Mode 4 devices. The CMP provides access to memory and generates snoop controls to maintain cache coherency. M1489 CACHE M EMORY PCI CONTROLLER (CMP) The M1489 provides all control signals necessary to drive a second level cache (not implemented) and the DRAM array. dual headers to interface to a wide range of LCD panels of up to 36 bits. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. Detection of IDE device transfer rate and translation mode capability is automatically determined by the system BIOS. M1487 ISA BRIDGE CONTROLLER (IBC) The M1487 provides the bridge between the ISA bus.7V Lithium battery. RTC and Timer functions. 01271031 Page 8 . The CMP comes in a 208-pin PQFP package. VIDEO: CHIPS & TECHNOLOGIES 69000 The NEUTRON provides the latest technology integrated PCI video sub-system. PCI bus and Host Bus. The high performance Local bus EIDE interface is also provided by the CMP. The IBC is packaged in a 160 pin PQFP REAL TIME CLOCK. It integrates the standard PC peripherals such as DMA Interrupt controllers. The 69000 integrates 2MB of video memory and DAC into a single BGA device.NEUTRON USER MANUAL HARDWARE DESCRIPTION HARDWARE DESCRIPTION CHIPSET The Ali Finali PCI Chipset consists of the M1489 Cache Memory PCI controller (CMP) and the M1487 ISA Bridge Controller (IBC). The board is fitted with a 10-way header providing standard VGA signals. USER EEPROM NEUTRON provides 128 bytes of user accessible non-volatile memory in the form of an EEPROM. however configuration of these interfaces is possible via the CMOS Setup program that can be invoked during bootup. The floppy interface is configurable. IBM and Centronics compatible . This is selected as an option to the digital I/O function in the BIOS. 1. The parallel port can be configured as normal.44 MB. When enabled the software watchdog will trigger a reset if there is a ½ second gap between reads from I/O port 101h. FLOPPY CONTROLLER The 37C665 is software compatible with the DP8473 and 82077 floppy disk controllers. Header connectors allow cabling to use these interfaces. The floppy interface can be configured for 360 KB or 1. The EEPROM is not available if the Digital I/O option is specified. WATCHDOG FUNCTION NEUTRON provides both hardware and software watchdog functions. COM2. The software watchdog is enabled by writing 1 to bit 0 of I/O port101h.High Speed mode. Extended Capabilities Port (ECP) compatible •Industry standard floppy controller with 16 byte data FIFO (2.44 MB and Floppy B is disabled. The serial ports can be enabled as COM1. the SMC 37C665. They are selected as a BIOS option to the User EEPROM. or disabled. extended. or 2.Standard mode. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. Digital I/O is not available if the user EEPROM option is selected.88 MB floppy support) The 37C665 is normally configured by the BIOS automatically. or disabled. the Floppy A interface is configured for 1. By default.NEUTRON USER MANUAL HARDWARE DESCRIPTION SMC 37C665 SUPER I/O CONTROLLER Control for the integrated serial ports. TTL-compatible digital input/output lines. This component provides: •Two NS16C550-compatible UARTs with send/receive 16 byte FIFO •Multi-mode bi-directional parallel port . parallel port and floppy drive controller is incorporated into a single component. PROGRAMMABLE DIGITAL INPUT/OUTPUTS NEUTRON provides for three programmable. EPP/ECP.Enhanced Parallel Port (EPP) with BIOS support .2 MB 5¼" media or for 720 KB. The hardware watchdog will trigger a reset if the +5V supply drops below 4. See the section “Using the Additional IO Functions” on the use of the EEPROM.6V.88 MB 3½" media in the BIOS Setup. See the section “Using the Additional IO Functions” on the use of the I/O lines. 01271031 Page 9 . 01271031 Page 10 . See the section “Disk-On-Chip Support” under Software Description for installation details. Please contact Blue Chip Technology’ Sales Department for details.NEUTRON USER MANUAL HARDWARE DESCRIPTION SOLID STATE DISK SUPPORT NEUTRON supports the use of Solid State Disks using a Disk-on-Chip module fitted into the 32-pin DIL socket. This permits Hard disk read/write emulation with disk capacities currently ranging from 2 M to 288 MBytes. s Blue Chip Technology Ltd. AUTO-CONFIGURATION CAPABILITIES The auto-configuration utility operates in conjunction with the system Setup utility to allow the insertion and removal of ISA Plug and Play cards to the system without user intervention of the BIOS settings (Plug & Play). DMA channels.0A specification (Plug and Play BIOS Version 1. which is stored in EPROM. PCI SUPPORT The Neutron board supports Version 2. 01271031 Page 11 . In addition to the System BIOS.0A. and memory space. A prompt may be enabled that informs users to press the <DEL> key to access Setup. the user can specify the interrupts used by ISA add-in cards in the Setup utility. In order to maintain the parameters whilst the power is switched off. I/O space. Note that the user-configurable parameters are stored in CMOS memory. and resource management for nonPlug and Play (or legacy) ISA cards. The user does not have to configure jumpers or worry about potential resource conflicts. This allows auto-configuration of Plug and Play ISA cards. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. If using Windows 95/98. ISA PLUG AND PLAY The AMI BIOS incorporates ISA Plug and Play capabilities as defined by the Plug and Play Release 1. The BIOS displays a sign-on message during POST identifying the type of BIOS and a revision code. allowing the BIOS to execute from 32-bit on-board write-protected DRAM. the EPROM also contains the Setup utility.0 of the PCI BIOS specification for the on-board PCI devices. and the PCI auto-configuration utility. The Setup utility is accessible only during the PowerOn Self Test (POST) by pressing the <DEL> key after the POST memory test has started and before boot begins. when used in conjunction with Plug and Play aware operating systems (such as Windows 95/98). the auto-configuration utility only initialises the devices required to boot up.NEUTRON USER MANUAL HARDWARE DESCRIPTION BIOS The NEUTRON single board PC uses an AMI system BIOS. This single board PC supports system BIOS shadowing. Power-On Self Test (POST). Because ISA Plug and Play cards use the same interrupt resources as ISA cards.02). SYSTEM SETUP UTILITY The EPROM-based Setup utility allows the configuration to be modified without opening the system for most basic changes. the BIOS automatically configures interrupts. Windows 95/98 initialises all the other devices since it is a Plug and Play aware operating system. ESCD Version 1. a battery must be connected to the board. When the system is turned on after adding an ISA Plug and Play card. the system will complete the operating system boot up process.1). USER PASSWORD The User Password feature provides access to all setup options that do not require the supervisor password. The User Password can be enabled using the Setup utility. or presses the sleep switch. When in the Stand-by mode. 01271031 Page 12 . the monitor will only turn on if a user interrupt occurs as defined above. or by a time-out of the system inactivity timer. albeit slowly until the system wakes up. Note that mouse activity will only “wake up” the system if a mouse driver is loaded. it may be cleared by turning off the system and clearing the CMOS RAM by disconnecting the battery (if used). it may be reset by clearing the CMOS RAM. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. (see below). allowing the system to service requests (such as in-coming Fax’ s or network messages) while unattended. the NEUTRON single board PC reduces power consumption by using the power saving capabilities of the Am5x86-P75 processor and also running down hard drives and turning off DPMS compliant monitors. or “Resume”. power management capabilities will allow the system to be put into a power managed. Add-in cards supplied with APM-aware drivers can also be put into a power managed state for further energy savings. While the system is in Stand-By or “Sleep” mode it is fully capable of responding to. (At boot-up. but keyboard and mouse operation will be locked until the User Password is entered. and servicing external interrupts.) If the password is lost. Both the keyboard hot-key and the inactivity timer are programmable in the BIOS setup (timer is set to 10 minutes by default). Sleep/Resume may be activated by using either a momentary-action sleep switch in the UTILS header (‘ external SMI’input). In general. a keyboard hot-key sequence. The ability to respond to external interrupts is fully maintained while in Stand-by mode. Once in Sleep or Stand-By mode. SLEEP MODE SUPPORT When Advanced Power Management (APM) is activated in the System BIOS and the Operating System’ APM driver is loaded. SECURITY FEATURES Note that the security features are only supported when an off-board battery supports the CMOS RAM. Sleep mode (Stand-By) can be entered in one of s three ways. The User Password feature also provides security during the boot process. the supervisor password protects all sensitive Setup options from being changed by a user unless the password is entered (see appendix).NEUTRON USER MANUAL HARDWARE DESCRIPTION ADVANCED POWER MANAGEMENT The NEUTRON AMI BIOS supports power management through System Management Mode (SMM) interrupts to the CPU and Advanced Power Management (APM Version 1. SUPERVISOR PASSWORD If enabled. To re-activate the system. or by the expiration of a hardware timer which detects system inactivity for a user-configurable time. If the password is forgotten. the user simply uses the keyboard or mouse. Stand-by mode either by entering a user configurable hot-key sequence on the keyboard. speaker. Turbo LED. +3. keyboard. etc. and external SMI to invoke the power saving mode of the NEUTRON. The cables included in the standard cable set are indicated against each connector. digital inputs and utilities. Wait for two minutes to allow the decoupling capacitor to discharge. For the other connectors. keyboard. CONNECTORS Various connectors are incorporated on the NEUTRON PC board. These must not be disturbed. or setting incompatible parameters in the BIOS. Switch on the system. suitable mating parts are given. JUMPER J1 J2 AREA OF INFLUENCE DRAM voltage LCD Panel Power Supply Note: your LCD may be damaged if set incorrectly LINK N/A 1-2 2-3 ACTION Hardwired in manufacture to suit DRAMs fitted. etc. See the appendices for the pin-out details. The PC board layout at the end of the manual shows their positions. parallel. in-chassis peripherals (disk drives. and then reconnect the battery. These provide connectivity to external peripherals (serial. UTILITY CONNECTOR The NEUTRON PC board provides a connector to support functions such as reset switch. and bus devices. video. JUMPERS Jumpers are used on the board to select options.NEUTRON USER MANUAL HARDWARE DESCRIPTION CLEARING CMOS MEMORY This should be required under exceptional circumstances such as losing the password. sound. Power LED.). A complete table of the available connectors and their pin-outs is given in the appendices. 01271031 Page 13 . There are also connectors for Power supply and external battery.3 volts selected +5 volts selected Blue Chip Technology Ltd. serial and parallel ports. IDE. Some of the jumpers are factory set to suit particular semiconductor options. enter the BIOS setup and set as required. PC/104. ON-BOARD CONNECTORS There are connectors on-board for Floppy Disk Drive. or damage to the board may ensue.). LCD. BUS CONNECTORS The board incorporates the PC/104 bus connector for expansion. Switch off the system and disconnect the off-board battery from the NEUTRON. An optional cable set is available to simplify setting up common applications. g. The BIOS Setup is entered by pressing the <DEL> key during the Power On Self Test (POST). Blue Chip Technology Ltd. and system time & date. In each screen there are options for modifying the system configuration. 01271031 Page 14 . The parameters described below are based on BIOS version 1. system bootup options). then use <PgUp> or <PgDn> to modify it.NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION BIOS SETUP This section details the BIOS CMOS Setup Utility. MAIN SCREEN Shows the following menu: Standard CMOS Setup Advanced CMOS Setup Advanced Chipset Setup Power Management Setup PCI / Plug and Play Setup Peripheral Setup Auto Detect Hard Disk Change User Password Change Supervisor Password Auto Configuration with Optimal Settings Auto Configuration with Fail Safe Settings Save Settings and Exit Exit without Saving Their operation is as follows: STANDARD CMOS SETUP For setting up and modifying basic items such as floppy disk drives. After you have selected an item. followed by <Enter>. OVERVIEW OF THE SETUP M ENU SCREENS The Setup program initially displays the Main menu screen. Select a sub-menu screen by pressing the up <↑> or down <↓> arrow keys. other BIOS versions may differ from the description below as new features are added. hard drives. ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP Use to modify hardware level options. Pressing <Enter> may bring up a sub-screen. use the <PgUp> or <PgDn> keys to modify the setting. ADVANCED CMOS SETUP Use to modify the more advanced features of the PC (e. Within the menu use the up <↑> or down <↓> keys to select an item.00. IRQ assignments). AUTO CONFIGURATION WITH FAIL SAFE SETTINGS Resets the CMOS setup options to a lower performance but guaranteed working configuration. this allows you to exit the Setup program without saving any changes. AUTO DETECT HARD DISK Automatically determines the parameters of any IDE devices connected. SAVE SETTINGS AND EXIT When selected. You can also press the <F10> key anywhere in the Setup program to do this. but are the most stable settings. CHANGE SUPERVISOR PASSWORD Allows the password for the supervisor level options to be changed. Note that unless an off-board battery is connected to the NEUTRON board.NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP For specifying the “Green PC” features such as IDE and VGA timeouts. PERIPHERAL SETUP For specifying the system peripheral options such as serial and parallel port modes. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. the CMOS settings will be lost when power is removed from the board. This means that any changes made while in the Setup program will be discarded and NOT SAVED. This option cannot be changed unless a supervisor password has been set. and sets up the parameters for “USER DEFINED” drives. The optimal default settings are best case values and should optimise the system performance. If CMOS RAM is corrupted. PCI / PLUG AND PLAY SETUP For specifying Plug and Play options (e. this allows you to save the change to CMOS and exit the Setup program. EXIT WITHOUT SAVING When selected. Pressing the <Esc> key in any of the four main screens will do this.g. Use these settings as a diagnostics aid if the system is performing erratically. The fail safe settings provide far from optimal system performance. CHANGE USER PASSWORD Allows the password for the user level options to be set or changed. the optimal settings are loaded automatically. AUTO CONFIGURATION WITH OPTIMAL SETTINGS Resets the CMOS setup options to a high performance configuration. 01271031 Page 15 . 5-inch.2 MB. 1. 720 KB. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. 3. 5. 5. Security. 720 KB. this allows you to set the current date by specifying a date.2 MB.25-inch. 3. 2.. 3. SYSTEM TIME When selected. 360 KB. 3. < ↑> Pressing the up < ↑ > key changes the selection to the previous item or option. The options are Not Installed.44 MB. STANDARD SETUP This section describes the Setup options found on the standard setup screen.44 MB. FLOPPY A: TYPE When selected. 3. <← > < Pressing the left < ← > or right < → > keys in the Main.5-inch. 360 KB. 3. or Exit screen allows you to Exit Discarding Changes (see later in this chapter).44/1.5inch. 1. this allows you to cycle through the available options to specify the physical size and capacity of the diskette drive.25-inch. or Exit menu screens changes the menu screen. Pressing it in the Main. minutes and seconds.88 MB. this allows you to cycle through the available options to specify the physical size and capacity of the diskette drive. 01271031 Page 16 . month and year.25-inch. 5. 2.NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION OVERVIEW OF THE SETUP KEYS SETUP KEY <Esc> DESCRIPTION Pressing the <Esc> key takes you back to the previous screen. <F10> Pressing the <F10> key allows you to Exit Saving Changes (see later in this chapter). FLOPPY B: TYPE When selected.5-inch.5-inch. 1.88 MB. 1.5-inch. Security. The default is Not Installed. Advanced. <PgUp> Pressing either key moves the selection of the current item up or down <PgDn> the available options. Advanced.25 MB. SYSTEM DATE When selected.25-inch. The default is 1. this allows you to set the current time by entering values for hours. 5. 3.5-inch. The options are Not Installed. < ↓> Pressing the down < ↓ > key changes the selection the to the next item or option. Pressing → > either key in a subscreen does nothing. Options are On or Off. to have the system auto configure the drive. The default is “Not Installed”. Number of Heads. this reports the number of sectors for your hard disk and cannot be modified. you must type the correct number of cylinders for your hard disk. The options are Auto Configured. 01271031 Page 17 . Blue Chip Technology Ltd. If Hard Disk Type is set to Auto Configured. The default is On. Options are On or Off. If Hard Disk Type is set to Auto Configured. BLOCK MODE Permits multi-sector transfers. you must type the correct number of sectors for your hard disk. (Note: Neutron does not support an on board secondary IDE channel). SECONDARY IDE SLAVE This reports if a secondary slave IDE hard disk is connected to the system. It is configured exactly as described under Primary IDE Master above. SECONDARY IDE MASTER This reports if a secondary master IDE hard disk is connected to the system. The default for this is Auto. and Number of Sectors can each be modified. The default is “Not Installed”. This allows for the manual configuration of the hard drive or. The default is “Not Installed”. (Note: Neutron does not support an on board secondary IDE channel). NUMBER OF CYLINDERS If Hard Disk Type is set to User Definable. If Hard Disk Type is set to Auto Configured. this reports the number of cylinders for your hard disk and cannot be modified. User Definable and Disabled. It is configured exactly as described under Primary IDE Master above. NUMBER OF SECTORS If Hard Disk Type is set to User Definable. you must type the correct number of heads for your hard disk. NUMBER OF HEADS If Hard Disk Type is set to User Definable. If you select User Definable then the Number of Cylinders. The default if On. LBA MODE Selects Logical Block Addressing mode for large capacity drives. this reports the number of heads for your hard disk and cannot be modified.NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION PRIMARY IDE MASTER This reports if a primary master IDE hard disk is connected to the system and allows for the configuration of drive parameters. PRIMARY IDE SLAVE This reports if a primary slave IDE hard disk is connected to the system. It is configured exactly as described under Primary IDE Master above. There are also options for IDE CD-ROM and 46 predefined hard drive types. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. 32-BIT MODE Selects 32-bit transfer mode. Options are 0. 5. The options are On or Off. BOOT SECTOR VIRUS PROTECTION Detects if software tries to write to the boot sector.NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION PIO MODE Selects an Advanced PIO mode of operation for faster transfers. The default is Off. 4. The default is Auto. Options are Enabled or Disabled. 2. 1. The default is Disabled. 01271031 Page 18 . 3. or Auto. The default is WriteBack. C:. C:. OS/2 COMPATIBLE MODE Set this option to Yes to permit AMIBIOS to run with IBM OS/2. The settings are Enabled or Disabled. WAIT FOR ‘ IF ERROR F1’ AMIBIOS POST error messages are followed by: Press <F1> to continue If this option is set to Disabled. When this option is set to Enabled a parity test is performed on all accesses to system DRAM. CDROM ( Default) CDROM. The Optimal and Fail-Safe default settings are Disabled.NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION ADVANCED CMOS SETUP BOOTUP SEQUENCE This option specifies the sequence of the boot drives. the contents of the F0000h system memory segment can be read from or written to L1 cache memory. The Optimal and Fail-Safe default settings are Enabled. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. A:. parity or non parity. The settings are Enabled or Disabled. AMIBIOS does not wait for you to press the <F1> key after an error message. The contents of the F0000h memory segment are always copied from the BIOS ROM to system RAM for faster execution. INTERNAL CACHE This option specifies whether or not the L1 internal cache memory is enabled. HIT ‘ DEL’MESSAGE DISPLAY Set this option to Disabled to prevent the Hit <DEL> if you want to run Setup message from appearing on the first AMIBIOS screen when the computer boots. the write-back caching algorithm is used. The default setting is Disabled. 01271031 Page 19 . A: PARITY CHECK This option specifies the type of memory installed i. If WriteBack is selected. SYSTEM BIOS SHADOW CACHEABLE When this option is set to Enabled. The Optimal and Fail-Safe default settings are Disabled.e. The settings are Disabled or Enabled. The options are: A:. The settings are Disabled or WriteBack. The settings are Disabled or Enabled. The Optimal and Fail-Safe default settings are Disabled. CDROM C:. Disabled for the remainder.NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION C000. 16K Shadow C800. 16K Shadow D800.C3FFFh) are written to the same address in system memory (RAM) for faster execution. the contents of the RAM area can be read from and written to cache memory. 16K Shadow C400. this area is made available to the local bus. In the AMIBIOS for the ALI Finali chipset.g. If no adapter ROM is using the named ROM area. Cache Disabled The default settings are Cached for C000 and C400. if an adapter ROM will be using the named ROM area. the E000h page is used as ROM during POST and shadowing is enabled for this region. Thus the E000h page is not available on the local bus. 16K Shadow D400. The contents of the named ROM area are written to the same address in system memory (RAM) for faster execution. C0000h . Blue Chip Technology Ltd. In addition. The ROM is not copied to RAM. 16K Shadow CC00. The settings are: SETTING Enabled DESCRIPTION The contents of the named ROM area (e. 01271031 Page 20 . The contents of the ROM cannot be read from or written to cache memory. 16K Shadow D000. 16K Shadow DC00. 16K Shadow These options control the location of the contents of the 16KB blocks of ROM beginning at the specified memory location. SRAM WRITE TIMING This option is only available when the Auto Config Function is enabled. AT BUS CLOCK This option is only available when the Auto Config Function is enabled. ISA I/O RECOVERY This option specifies whether or not an additional delay is inserted between consecutive I/O operations. Clk/5. The options are 7. 01271031 Page 21 . Normal. The settings are Disabled or Enabled. Faster. The default setting is Enabled. SRAM READ TIMING This option is only available when the Auto Config Function is enabled. Normal. Faster.NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP AUTO CONFIG FUNCTION When set to enabled. DRAM WRITE TIMING Slow. 4-2-2-2.16 MHz. Changing these values to an incorrect setting can cause system instability or even prevent the Neutron board from booting. Clk/4. this option allows the BIOS to automatically determine the best system timing settings for the AT Bus and the DRAM and cache etc. 3-1-1-1. The options are 0 wait states or 1 wait state. The options are 2-1-1-1. DRAM READ TIMING This option is only available when the Auto Config Function is enabled. Clk/3. HIDDEN REFRESH This option enables or disables ISA refresh cycles. The default settings are Enabled and it is strongly recommended that these values are not changed unless the user is fully aware of the system parameter timings. Clk/8. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. Fastest. The options are Slow. The options are Enabled or Disabled. 3-2-2-2. The Optimal and Fail-Safe default settings are Disabled. Fastest. The Optimal and Fail-Safe default settings are Disabled. In Standby mode. The default settings are Disabled. The default settings are Disabled. The settings are Disabled. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. GREEN PC MONITOR POWER STATE This option specifies the power management state that the Green PC-compliant video monitor enters after the specified period of display inactivity has expired. HARD DISK POWER DOWN MODE This option specifies the power management state that the hard disk drive enters after the specified period of display inactivity has expired. Standby or Suspend. The default settings are Disabled. AMIBIOS uses the RTC Alarm function to wake the computer at a pre-specified time. Standby. and all one minute intervals up to and including 14. and all one minute intervals up to and including 14. Suspend or Off. Disabled or Inst-On. The settings are Enabled. The default settings are Disabled. The settings are. Standby. When this period expires. STANDBY TIME OUT (MINUTE) This option specifies the duration of system inactivity when the computer is in Full-On mode before the computer is placed in Standby mode. The default settings are Disabled. In Suspend mode. 01271031 Page 22 . Disabled. INSTANT ON SUPPORT If this option is set in Power Management / APM it allows the computer to go to full power on mode when leaving a power-conserving state. The default settings are Disabled. The default settings are Disabled.NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP POWER MANAGEMENT / APM Set this option to Enabled to enable the power management and APM (advanced Power Management) features. The settings are Disabled. SUSPEND TIME OUT (MINUTE) This option specifies the duration of system inactivity when the computer is already in Standby mode before the computer is placed in Suspend mode. Note: The following options are only available if Power Management/APM is enabled. The settings are Disabled. The settings are Disabled. 1 (minute). 1 (minutes). The settings are Disabled. VIDEO POWER DOWN MODE This option specifies the power management state that the video subsystem enters after the specified period of display inactivity has expired. or Suspend. the power use is reduced. The default settings are Disabled. the power use is minimised. HARD DISK TIME OUT (MINUTE) This option specifies the duration of hard disk inactivity. the hard disk drive enters the power-conserving mode specified in the Hard Disk Power Down Mode option described above. The settings are Enabled or Disabled. 1 (minutes). and all one minute intervals up to and including 14. When the computer is in a power saving mode. 9. The default settings are Ignore. 5. 13. 12. 10. The settings are Monitor or Ignore. When this option is set to Monitor and there is no display activity for the length of time specified in the value in the (full on to) Standby Timeout (Minute) option. 01271031 Page 23 . 7. Each of these options can be set to Monitor or Ignore. The default settings are Ignore. activity on the named interrupt request line is monitored by AMIBIOS. 15 These options enable event monitoring. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. 11. When any activity occurs. IRQ 3. the computer enters a power saving state. 14.NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION DISPLAY ACTIVITY This option specifies if AMIBIOS is to monitor activity on the display monitor for power conservation purposes. 4. the computer enters Full On mode. Windows 3. The settings are in PCI clock units. The Optimal and Fail-Safe default settings are 192. The settings are Disabled or Enabled. The options are Enabled or Disabled. 6. 7 These options specify the bus to which the DMA channel is allocated. The DMA channels used Blue Chip Technology Ltd. The Optimal and Fail-Safe default settings are Enabled. Windows 95/98 is PnP-aware. The options determine if AMIBIOS should remove a DMA channel from the available pool passed to BIOS configurable devices. Note: You must set this option correctly or PnP-aware adapter cards installed in your computer will not be configured properly. or 248. 128. Onboard I/O is configured by AMIBIOS. 192. BYTE MERGE This option is only available when the CPU to PCI Write Buffer is enabled. 01271031 Page 24 . The Optimal and Fail-Safe default settings are No. 5. The settings are 32. PCI LATENCY TIMER (PCI CLOCKS) This option sets latency of all PCI devices on the PCI bus. FAST BACK TO BACK This option is only available when the CPU to PCI Write Buffer is enabled. PCI TO DRAM BUFFER This option enables or disables a 2 line double word buffer to improve the transfer performance of a PCI master device. When enabled. 64. The options are Enabled or Disabled. 1. When enabled it significantly improves the system performance. It allows Neutron to use the 32-bit PCI bus more effectively. The available pool is determined by reading the ESCD NVRAM. the end user can use these PCI/PnP Setup options to remove the channel by selecting the ISA/EISA setting. The settings are No or Yes. The Optimal and Fail-Safe default settings are Enabled. The default settings are Enabled DMA CHANNELS 0. 3. OS/2. Set this option to No if the operating system (such as DOS. it improves the CPU to Write Buffer performance.NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION PCI / PLUG AND PLAY SETUP PLUG AND PLAY AWARE O/S AMIBIOS only detects and enables PnP ISA adapter cards that are required for system boot. The Optimal and Fail-Safe default settings are Enabled. 96. Windows 95/98 detects and enables all other PnP-aware adapter cards. 160. Set this option to Yes if the operating system installed in the computer is Plug and Play-aware. CPU TO PCI WRITE BUFFER This option enables or disables a 4-layer double word buffer between the CPU and the PCI bus. If more DMA channels must be removed from the pool.x) does not use PnP. this feature merges bytes or words to double words. When enabled. 224. When enabled it improves the system performance in non-32-bit applications or transfers. NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION by onboard I/O are configured as PnP. 10. 9. The available IRQ pool is determined by reading the ESCD NVRAM. D0000. The settings are Disabled. C4000. The settings are C0000. 16K. The options determine if AMIBIOS should remove an IRQ from the pool of available IRQs passed to BIOS configurable devices. If more IRQs must be removed from the pool. The options are PCI/PnP or ISA/EISA. The options are PnP or ISA/EISA. 4. The optimal and fail-safe settings for all available IRQs are PCI/PnP. Onboard I/O IRQs are configured by AMIBIOS as PCI/PnP. The specified ROM memory area is reserved for use by legacy ISA adapter cards. IRQ 3. DC000. 14. C8000. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. These options allow you to specify IRQs for use by legacy ISA adapter cards. the user can remove the IRQ by selecting the ISA/EISA setting. The Optimal and Fail-Safe default settings are CC000. 32K. 7. 11. 5. D4000. 15 These options specify the bus on which the named interrupt request lines (IRQs) are used. RESERVED MEMORY ADDRESS This option specifies the starting address (in hex) of the reserved memory area. D8000. or 64K. CC000. 01271031 Page 25 . The Optimal and Fail-Safe default settings are Disabled. The default settings for all channels are PnP in both Optimal and Fail-Safe modes. RESERVED MEMORY SIZE This option specifies the size of the memory area reserved for legacy ISA adapter cards. ECP PARALLEL PORT DMA This option is only available if the setting for the Parallel Port Mode option is ECP. ECP and EPP are both bi-directional data transfer schemes that adhere to the IEEE P1284 specifications. The default setting is Auto. ONBOARD SERIAL PORT2 This option enables serial port 2 on the board and specifies the base I/O port address. 3E8h. The default setting is 3. ONBOARD IDE This option specifies the onboard IDE controller channels that will be used. 2F8h. This is the default setting. PARALLEL PORT MODE This option specifies the parallel port mode. 3BCh. ECP uses the DMA protocol to achieve transfer rates of approximately 2. ONBOARD PARALLEL PORT This option enables the parallel port on the board and specifies the base I/O port address. 3F8h. 278h. PARALLEL PORT IRQ Selects which IRQ is assigned to the parallel port. or Disabled. 2F8h. The options are : SETTING Normal EPP DESCRIPTION The normal parallel port mode is used. The settings are Auto. 2E8h. 2E8h. 3E8h. The settings are 0. The default is Auto. 3F8h. The parallel port can be used with devices that adhere to the Extended Capabilities Port (ECP) specification.NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION PERIPHERAL SETUP ONBOARD FDC This option enables the floppy drive controller on the PC board. The settings are Auto. 1. The parallel port can be used with devices that adhere to the Enhanced Parallel Port (EPP) specification. The settings are Auto. The Optimal and Fail-Safe default settings are Primary. ONBOARD SERIAL PORT1 This option enables serial port 1 on the board and specifies the base I/O port address for serial port 1. The settings are Primary. 01271031 Page 26 . The default setting is Auto.5Mbs. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. or 3. Both or Disabled. or Disabled. EPP uses the existing parallel port signals to provide asymmetric bi-directional data transfer driven by the host device. The settings are Auto. Options are 5 or 7. ECP provides symmetric bi-directional communications. or Disabled. 378h. The default is 7. The default is Auto. Enabled or Disabled. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. and a user-accessible EEPROM). The default setting is as input. programmable digital input/output lines. EEPROM OR USER IO The user EEPROM and User IO are mutually exclusive. The default setting is User IO. 01271031 Page 27 . The permissible values are: 100 hex (default) up to 300 hex.NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION HARDWARE IO PORT BASE ADDRESS The NEUTRON has additional IO functions (watchdog timer. IO LINE 1 This option is only valid if User IO has been selected. The default setting is as input. Note that the setting may also be changed under program control (see the section "Using the Additional IO Functions". IO LINE 2 This option is only valid if User IO has been selected. It sets the IO line as either an input or an output. IO LINE 0 This option is only valid if User IO has been selected. and 8000 hex up to 8300 hex. This option selects one or the other. in increments of 100 hex. This menu option specifies the base address of the control registers for these options. Note that the setting may also be changed under program control (see the section "Using the Additional IO Functions". three TTL-compatible. The default setting is as input. It sets the IO line as either an input or an output. It sets the IO line as either an input or an output. Note that the setting may also be changed under program control (see the section "Using the Additional IO Functions". 01271031 Page 28 . 386MAX) Video memory and BIOS ( if fitted) Available HI DOS memory (open to ISA and PCI bus) BIOS Extensions Solid State Disk Pages AMI System BIOS (not available for UMB) Extended Memory Blue Chip Technology Ltd.NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION A DDRESS M APS MEMORY MAP ADDRESS RANGE (DECIMAL) 0K – 511K 512K – 638K 639K 640K – 799K 800K – 847K 848K – 879K 880K – 895K 896K – 1023K 1024K 131072K ADDRESS RANGE (HEX) 00000 7FFFF 80000 9FBFF 9FC00 9FFFF A0000 – C7FFF C8000 – D3FFF D4000 – DBFFF DC000 – DFFFF E0000 – FFFFF 100000 – 8000000 SIZE 512K 127K 1K 160K 48K 32K 16K 128K 127M DESCRIPTION Conventional Extended conventional Extended BIOS Data (moveable by QEMM. or 8000h to 8300h. These I/O locations are listed in the Variable Resources column.03DF 03E8 .g.03EF 03F0 .037F 03B0 .0021 002E .002F 0040 .0CFF FFA0 .FFAF FF00-FF07 SIZE Bytes 16 2 2 4 1 1 1 1 bit 7 bits 1 16 2 2 31 1 1 1 6 8 8 4 8 8 1 1 8 4 4 16 8 6 1 1 1 bit 7 bits 8 3 2 4 1 4 8 8 8 FIXED RESOURCES DMA 1 Interrupt Controller 1 Ultra I/O configuration registers Timer 1 Keyboard Controller Data Byte NMI.00DE 00F0 0100 # 0101 # 0102 – 0107 # 0170 . 01271031 Page 29 .0043 0060 0061 0064 0070. bits 6:0 0071 0080 . Some devices (serial ports.027B 02E8 .03BB 03BC . PCI Config Address Reg.NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION I/O MAP The following table lists the I/O addresses used by single board PC devices.Interrupt Controller 2 APM Control / Status Interrupt Controller 2 DMA 2 Reset Numeric Error EEPROM and Digital IO Register Watchdog Reserved for Board Configuration VARIABLE RESOURCES Primary IDE Channel Parallel Port 2 Serial Port 4 Serial Port 2 Parallel Port 1 Video controller Parallel Port 3 Video controller Serial Port 3 Floppy Channel 1 Pri IDE Chan Cmnd Port Floppy Chan 1 Cmd Floppy Disk Chg Chan 1 Pri IDE Chan Status Port Serial Port 1 ECP regs. * only accessible by DWORD accesses. Some of these devices (e.008F 00A0 . # alternatively based at 100h boundaries up to and including 300h.FFA7 FFA8 .03F5 03F6 03F7 (Write) 03F7.) may be configured for various addresses or disabled.01F7 0278 .03BF 03C0 . speaker control KBD Controller.0CFC* 0CF9 0CFC .02EF 02F8 .03FF LPT + 400h 04D0 .0177 01F0 . Data DMA Page Register PIIIX .00A1 00B2 . Turbo & Reset control Reg.000F 0020 . parallel ports etc. bit 7 0070. LPT base + 400h Edge/Level INTR Control Reg. Address RTC. bit 7 03F7. ADDRESS (HEX) 0000 . bits 6:0 03F8 .04D1 0CF8 .00B3 00C0 . graphics) may not be present in all configurations.02FF 0376 0377 0378 . Blue Chip Technology Ltd. PCI Config Data Register 1ary Bus Master IDE regs 2ary Bus Master IDE regs IDE Bus Master Reg. CMD/STAT Byte Enable NMI RTC. and IDE controller can be configured using SETUP. The serial ports. parallel ports. or any other Plug and Play resource manager (such as the Windows 95/98 Device Manager). The Graphics interrupt is assigned by the auto-configure utility during boot up.NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION INTERRUPTS & DMA CHANNELS The following tables list the Interrupt and DMA Channel configuration options for onboard devices. IRQ NMI 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 RESERVED INTERRUPTS I/O Channel Check Interval Timer Keyboard buffer full Cascade interrupt from slave PIC Serial 2 (COM2) Serial 1 (COM1) Parallel 2 (LPT2) Floppy Controller Parallel (LPT1) Real time clock Math co-processor Primary E-IDE DMA 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 RESERVED Floppy Cascade channel Blue Chip Technology Ltd. 01271031 Page 30 . 01271031 Page 31 . Return Registers: AH = 00. WATCHDOG TIMER – Base Address +01h BIT 0 FUNCTION 0=Disabled(default). Setting bit 0 of the register enables the timer. either three programmable digital input/outputs or a user EEPROM. and depending upon the BIOS settings. al . 00 to disable Perform INT 50h. ENABLE/DISABLE WATCHDOG EITHER use the software interrupt as follows: Calling Registers: AH = 05 AL = 01 to enable. which may be used to monitor software or processor hardware failure. Reserved 1-7 The following code demonstrates the control of the watchdog timer. and Carry flag set if function failed OR execute the following code: mov dx. Reading the register refreshes the timer. The board configuration registers for these functions are located at the IO base address set by the BIOS. The Watchdog Timer Register is located at the IO Base Address +01h.enable watchdog . al mov dx. (See “Software Description . WATCHDOG TIMER OPERATION NEUTRON includes a watchdog timer circuit. 0h out dx. Note that the watchdog is disabled following a power on or a reset sequence.disable watchdog Blue Chip Technology Ltd.NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION USING THE A DDITIONAL IO FUNCTIONS NEUTRON provides as standard a watchdog timer. When enabled.assumes base address is 100h (the default) . and Carry flag is clear if successful AH = 02. or by writing individual bits to the Watchdog Timer Register directly. 101h mov al. the watchdog will generate a hardware reset if it is not refreshed every 500 msecs or more frequently. 1h out dx. The data returned by the read operation is not meaningful. 101h mov al.assumes base address is 100h (the default) . and Carry flag is set if function valid but disabled AH = FF. The time-out period of the watchdog is fixed at 500 milliseconds. It may be enabled or disabled by using the software interrupt at INT 50h. 1=Enabled When enabled reading the port address refreshes the watchdog timer.BIOS Setup – Peripheral Setup – Hardware IO Port Base Address”). NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION Blue Chip Technology Ltd. 01271031 Page 32 . NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION REFRESH WATCHDOG EITHER use the software interrupt as follows at least once every 500 milliseconds: Calling Registers: Perform INT 50h Return Registers: Carry flag clear AH = 06 OR execute the following code at least once every 500 milliseconds: mov dx, 101h in al, dx ;assumes base address is 100h (the default) ;refresh timer EEPROM ACCESS AND CONTROL The EEPROM on the NEUTRON unit is a NM93C46 serially programmed device that is accessed through a single register at IO Base Address +00h. It comprises 128 bytes of user programmable memory, organised as 64 x 16 bit words. The EEPROM does not have to be completely erased before writing to a single location. Access to the EEPROM is by reading and writing individual bits in the control register. The bits are arranged thus: EEPROM CONTROL – IO Base Address +00h BIT 0 1 2 3-7 FUNCTION Write – Chip Select Read – Data Write – Clock Read – N/A Write – Data Read – N/A Reserved The EEPROM may be controlled directly by program, or through the BIOS. The BIOS provides two functions to simplify user access to the EEPROM memory, available through a software interrupt (INT 50h): WRITE TO SINGLE EEPROM LOCATION Calling Registers: AH = 03 BL = Location (0 – 63) DX = Write data (16-bit value) Perform INT 50h Return Registers: AH = 00, and Carry flag is clear if successful AH = 02, and Carry flag is set if function valid but disabled AH = FF, and Carry flag set if function failed Blue Chip Technology Ltd. 01271031 Page 33 NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION READ SINGLE EEPROM LOCATION Calling Registers: AH = 04 BL = Location (0 – 63) Perform INT 50h Return Registers: DX = EEPROM Data AH = 00, and Carry flag is clear if successful AH = 02, and Carry flag is set if function valid but disabled AH = FF, and Carry flag set if function failed PROGRAMMABLE DIGITAL INPUT/OUTPUTS NEUTRON provides three TTL-compatible programmable digital input/output lines as a BIOS-selected option. These lines occupy the lower 3 bits of the byte located at the IO Base Address +00h. They are individually selectable as input or output in the BIOS, or under program control by writing to the IO Base Address +05h. IO DIRECTION CONTROL REGISTER - IO Base Address +05h BIT 0 1 2 3-7 FUNCTION Write, 1=Output, 0=Input Write, 1=Output, 0=Input Write, 1=Output, 0=Input Reserved The inputs are available by a simple read operation at IO Base Address +00h. As inputs, they are non-inverting, and are pulled high by on-board resistors. Bits 3 to 7 are undefined. Outputs are available by writing to the same address. Alternatively the direction control and data may be handled using the software interrupt function (Int 50h):SET USER IO LINE CONTROL Calling Registers: AH = 17 (hex) DL (bits 2-0) = IO Line Mask (0=input, 1=output) Perform INT 50h Return Registers: Carry Flag is clear, and AH=00 if successful Carry flag is set, and AH=02 if not enabled in BIOS setup. WRITE USER IO LINES Calling Registers: AH = 16 (hex) DL (bits 2-0) = IO Line data Perform INT 50h Return Registers: Carry Flag is clear, and AH=00 if successful Carry flag is set, and AH=02 if not enabled in BIOS setup. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. 01271031 Page 34 NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION READ USER IO LINES Calling Registers: Perform INT 50h Return Registers: DL (bits 2-0) = IO Line data (bits 7-3 = 0) Carry Flag is clear, and AH=00 if successful Carry flag is set, and AH=02 if not enabled in BIOS setup. AH = 15 (hex) ACCESSING INT 50H FUNCTIONS Most high level languages allow access to software interrupts through a particular function call. The user loads a particular function code into the AH register followed by a specific set of parameters in the other registers before executing the interrupt. For example, in C :#include <stdio.h> #include <dos.h> #define PHOTON 0x50 void main(void) { union REGS regs; regs.x.ax = 0x0400; /* read eeprom data */ regs.x.bx = 0x31; /* from address 0x31 */ int86(PHOTON, &regs, &regs); printf("EEPROM Address 0x31 contains %x\n",regs.x.dx); } and similarly in Quick Basic 'Read EEPROM Data via interrupt 50 call $include:'QB.BI' DIM INARY%(7), OUTARY%(7) CONST AX=0,BX=1,CX=2,DX=3,BP=4,SI=5,DI=6,FL=7 INARY%(AX) = &H0400 ' Read e2 data INARY%(BX) = &H31 ' address &H31 CALL INT86OLD(&H50,INARY%(),OUTARY%()) ' Call the Int50h service PRINT "EEPROM ADDRESS &H31 CONTAINS: ";OUTARY%(DX) Note that only the functions listed in the sections above are valid. On return, the contents of register AH may contain a value indicating the status: AH = 00h AH = 01h AH = 02h AH = 03h Function successful, Carry flag cleared Function invalid, Carry flag set Function valid but disabled, Carry flag set Function failed, Carry flag set Blue Chip Technology Ltd. 01271031 Page 35 the installation of which does not necessarily require any software installation. The DiskOnChip should then be formatted with the System files in order for it to be a bootable drive. • Push the DiskOnChip into the socket carefully until it is fully seated. The notes below detail the use of the device with MS-DOS. The basic design of the DiskOnChip allows for full upward and downward compatibility by supporting an unlimited capacity. see below “Configuring the DiskOnChip as the First Drive”. The DiskOnChip 2000 and Millennium contain a built-in copy of the M-Systems industrystandard TrueFFS software. and the standard DiskOnChip socket. Caution: The DiskOnChip may be permanently damaged if installed incorrectly! To install the DiskOnChip as drive C on a system without a hard disk. Use the following procedure to install the DiskOnChip: • Align pin 1 on the DiskOnChip with pin 1 of the socket (adjacent to the battery). please consult Blue Chip Technology Technical Services.com. please read the section on Electro-Static Discharges at the beginning of this manual. The DiskOnChip will install as drive C. or M-Systems web-site at www. To install the DiskOnChip as drive D on a system with a hard disk. The DiskOnChip may also contain the operating system thereby permitting systems to boot without a hard disk. for drivers and application notes. • Check that the DiskOnChip is installed securely. See “Configuring the DiskOnChip as the BOOT device” below. reboot the system. and reboot the computer. The DiskOnChip is a self-contained device. set the CMOS setup of drive C to “not installed” (indicating that no physical magnetic disk is installed). The DiskOnChip may also be configured as the boot device in systems with a hard disk (see the section “Configuring the DiskOnChip as the First Drive”). To install the DiskOnChip as Drive C on a system with a hard disk. and that there are no bent pins. and the DiskOnChip will automatically install as drive D.NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION DISK-ON-CHIP SUPPORT The NEUTRON supports the use of M-Systems’DiskOnChip 2000 or DiskOnChip Millennium Flash Modules as solid-state disks. INSTALLING THE DISK-ON-CHIP Before installing or removing the DiskOnChip. 01271031 Page 36 . If support is required for other operating systems. which allows the DiskOnChip to operate as a standard disk drive. Blue Chip Technology Ltd.m-sys. Future DiskOnChip devices with higher densities will be fully compatible with today’ capacities of 2 to 288 s MBytes. It is essential that you discharge any static electricity from your body before touching the board or DiskOnChip module. The system will boot from the DiskOnChip. The DiskOnChip is shipped from the factory. or as the first drive in the system. the DiskOnChip will appear as drive C: Blue Chip Technology Ltd. the DiskOnChip is always installed as drive C.NEUTRON USER MANUAL SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION CONFIGURING THE DISK-ON-CHIP AS THE BOOT DEVICE To configure the DiskOnChip as the boot device. • Copy any files needed into the DiskOnChip.EXB After re-booting the system. the operating system files have to be copied to it. When configured as the last drive. type SYS C: to transfer the DOS system files to the DiskOnChip (assuming the DiskOnChip is installed as drive C). proceed as follows: • Boot the system and make sure the DiskOnChip is installed correctly as drive D • At the DOS prompt type: DUPDATE D: /FIRST /S:DOC123. the DiskOnChip is installed as disk D if there is one other hard drive installed. configured to install as the last drive. • Remove the floppy diskette and reboot the system. The following is an example of a typical initialisation process: • Set the DiskOnChip as a regular drive in your system (not a boot drive). • Install a bootable floppy diskette in drive A and boot the system. and will allow you to run and access any files that have been copied into the DiskOnChip. Copying the operating system files into DiskOnChip is done in exactly the same way as any other hard disk. CONFIGURING THE DISK-ON-CHIP AS THE FIRST DRIVE The DiskOnChip can be configured to be installed as the last drive (default). • At the DOS prompt. To configure the DiskOnChip to be installed as the first drive. When configured as the first drive. 01271031 Page 37 . and as drive C if no other hard disk is installed. Mating connector: 40-way 2 mm (IDC) socket.NEUTRON USER MANUAL CONNECTORS CONNECTORS E-IDE CONNECTOR P1 40-way 2 mm pin header. PIN NO 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 SIGNAL -Reset Data bit 7 (HD) Data bit 6 (HD) Data bit 5 (HD) Data bit 4 (HD) Data bit 3 (HD) Data bit 2 (HD) Data bit 1 (HD) Data bit 0 (HD) Ground Drive Request -IO Write (HD) -IO Read (HD) Drive Ready Drive Acknowledge IRQ14 Address 1 (HD) Address 0 (HD) -Chip Select 0 (HD) Not Used PIN NO 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 SIGNAL Ground Data bit 8 (HD) Data bit 9 (HD) Data bit 10 (HD) Data bit 11 (HD) Data bit 12 (HD) Data bit 13 (HD) Data bit 14 (HD) Data bit 15 (HD) Not used Ground Ground Ground Not Used Ground HDIOCS16 Not Used Address 2 (HD) -Chip Select 1 (HD) Ground VGA CONNECTOR P2 10-way pin header. 01271031 Page 38 . Mating connector: 10-way 0.1” (IDC) socket. PIN NO 1 3 5 7 9 SIGNAL Red Green Blue Hsync Vsync PIN NO 2 4 6 8 10 SIGNAL Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Blue Chip Technology Ltd. 01271031 Page 39 . Mating connector: 20-way 2 mm (IDC) socket. PIN NO 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 SIGNAL Panel Data 0 Panel Data 1 Panel Data 2 Ground Panel Data 3 Panel Data 4 Panel Data 5 Panel Data 6 Ground Panel Data 7 PIN NO 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 SIGNAL Switched +5 volts Switched +5 volts FLM (LCD equivalent of VSYNC) Line Clock MOD Ground Switched VEE Ground Shift Clock Ground ECP/EPP PARALLEL PORT P6 26-way pin header. Mating connector: 26-way 0.1” (IDC) socket PIN NO 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 SIGNAL -Strobe Data bit 0 Data bit 1 Data bit 2 Data bit 3 Data bit 4 Data bit 5 Data bit 6 Data bit 7 -Acknowledge Busy Paper Empty Select (Output) PIN NO 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 SIGNAL -Auto Feed XT -Error -Initialise -Select (input) Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground NC Blue Chip Technology Ltd. Mating connector: 10-way 0.1” (IDC) socket.NEUTRON USER MANUAL CONNECTORS RS-232 SERIAL PORT 1 P4 AND PORT 2 P3 10-way pin headers. PIN NO 1 3 5 7 9 SIGNAL -Data Carrier Detect Receive Data Transmit Data -Data Terminal Ready Ground PIN NO 2 4 6 8 10 SIGNAL -Data Set Ready -Ready To Send -Clear To Send -Ring Indicator NC PROPRIETARY LCD CONNECTOR P5 20-way 2 mm pin header. NEUTRON USER MANUAL CONNECTORS FLOPPY DISK DRIVE CONNECTOR P7 34-way pin header. PIN NO 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 SIGNAL Ground Panel Data 24 Panel Data 25 Ground Panel Data 26 Panel Data 27 Ground Panel Data 28 Panel Data 29 Ground PIN NO 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 SIGNAL Panel Data 35 Ground Panel Data 34 Panel Data 33 Ground Panel Data 32 Panel Data 31 Ground Panel Data 30 Ground Blue Chip Technology Ltd. Mating connector: 34-way 0. Mating connector: 20-way 2 mm (IDC) socket.1” IDC socket. 01271031 Page 40 . PIN NO 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 SIGNAL Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground PIN NO 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 SIGNAL +RPM/Low Current Not used Not used -Index -Motor 0 -Drive select 1 -Drive select 0 -Motor 1 +Direction -Step -Write Data -Write Gate -Track 0 -Write Protect -Read Data +Head Select +Disk Change LCD SECONDARY CONNECTOR FOR 36 BIT PANELS P8 20-way 2mm header. NEUTRON USER MANUAL CONNECTORS LCD CONNECTOR P9 50-way 2mm header. Mating connector: 50-way 2 mm (IDC) socket PIN NO 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 SIGNAL 5V/3V3 Link (J15) Switched +12 volts Switched VEE Switched +5 volts Switched +5 volts Shift Clock Line Clock MOD FLM (LCD equivalent of SYNC) Panel Data 0 Panel Data 1 Panel Data 2 Panel Data 3 Panel Data 4 Panel Data 5 Panel Data 6 Panel Data 7 Panel Data 8 Panel Data 9 Panel Data 10 Panel Data 11 Panel Data 12 Panel Data 13 Panel Data 14 Panel Data 15 PIN NO 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 SIGNAL Vertical Sync Ground Horizontal Sync Ground General Purpose 1 Ground General Purpose 0 Ground Ground Ground Panel Data 23 Ground Panel Data 22 Ground Panel Data 21 Ground Panel Data 20 Ground Panel Data 19 Ground Panel Data 18 Ground Panel Data 17 Ground Panel Data 16 BATTERY CONNECTOR P10 4-way 0. crimp 97-00-0445).7 Volts DC Not used (key) Ground Ground Blue Chip Technology Ltd. PIN NO 1 2 3 4 SIGNAL +3.1” pin header. 01271031 Page 41 . Mating connector: 4-way Molex KK-type socket (housing 22-013047. Mating connector: 20-way 0.1” pin header. crimp 97-00-0445) PIN NO 1 2 3 SIGNAL -12 Volts DC Ground -5 Volts DC UTILITY CONNECTOR P13 20-way 0. PIN NO 1 2 3 4 5 SIGNAL Input/Output Line bit 0 Input/Output Line bit 1 Input/Output Line bit 2 Reserved Ground These three IO lines are connected to bits 0-2 of port 100h (default address). PIN NO 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 SIGNAL Speaker +ve Reset +ve Turbo LED +ve Turbo switch +ve Power LED +ve Reserved External SMI +ve +5V (fused) External +3.1” pin header.1” (IDC) connector. AUXILIARY POWER CONNECTOR P12 3-way 0. Mating connector: 5-way JST connector (housing EHR-5. and can be pulled low by connecting them to ground. 01271031 Page 42 .6 Volt Battery Keyboard Data PIN NO 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 SIGNAL Speaker –ve Reset -ve (Ground) Turbo LED –ve Turbo switch -ve (Ground) Power Led -ve ( Ground) Reserved External SMI -ve (Ground) 0 Volts (Ground) 0 Volts Battery (Ground) Keyboard Clock Blue Chip Technology Ltd.1” pin header.6).NEUTRON USER MANUAL CONNECTORS DIGITAL INPUT/OUTPUTS P11 5-way 0. Bits 0-2 are normally high. crimp BEH-001T-PP0. Mating connector: 3-way Molex KK-type socket (housing 22-013037. NEUTRON USER MANUAL CONNECTORS PC104 PC/XT CONNECTOR P14 64-way socket mates to PC104 add-in boards. 01271031 Page 43 . SIDE A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 SIGNAL -IOCHCK SD7 SD6 SD5 SD4 SD3 SD2 SD1 SD0 IOCHRDY AEN SA19 SA18 SA17 SA16 SA15 SA14 SA13 SA12 SA11 SA10 SA9 SA8 SA7 SA6 SA5 SA4 SA3 SA2 SA1 SA0 Ground SIDE B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 SIGNAL Ground Resetdrv +5 Volts IRQ9 -5 Volts DREQ2 -12 Volts -0WS +12 Volts Ground -SMEMW -SMEMR -IOW -IOR -DACK3 DREQ3 -DACK1 DREQ1 -REF CLK IRQ7 IRQ6 IRQ5 IRQ4 IRQ3 -DACK2 T/C BALE +5 Volts OSC Ground Ground Blue Chip Technology Ltd. TERMINAL 1 2 3 SIGNAL +5v Ground +12V Blue Chip Technology Ltd. 01271031 Page 44 .NEUTRON USER MANUAL CONNECTORS PC104 PC/AT CONNECTOR P15 40-way socket mates to PC104 add-in boards. SIDE C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 SIGNAL Ground -SBHE LA23 LA22 LA21 LA20 LA19 LA18 LA17 -MEMR -MEMW SD8 SD9 SD10 SD11 SD12 SD13 SD14 SD15 No Connection SIDE D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 SIGNAL Ground -MEMCS16 -IOCS16 IRQ10 IRQ11 IRQ12 IRQ15 IRQ14 -DACK0 DREQ0 -DACK5 DREQ5 -DACK6 DREQ6 -DACK7 DREQ7 +5 Volts -Master Ground Ground POWER CONNECTOR P16 3-way screw terminal block. will not occur. For these see AMIBIOS Error Messages. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. The BIOS cannot switch to protected mode. The keyboard controller (8042) may be bad.NEUTRON USER MANUAL ERROR MESSAGES ERROR MESSAGES AMIBIOS ERROR BEEP CODES The BIOS performs a Power On Self Test (POST) after a reset or reboot. 01271031 Page 45 . 11 The external cache is faulty. the microprocessor indicates the status of the test by writing codes to the I/O port at address 80 Hex. Memory failure in the first 64 KB of memory. Memory failure in the first 64 KB. The CPU generated an exception interrupt. in the following subsection. Other errors are displayed textually. This is not a fatal error. or Timer 1 on the single board PC is not functioning. If errors occur during the POST. 3 short 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ERROR MESSAGE Video failure Refresh Failure Parity Error Base 64 KB Memory Failure Timer Not Operational Processor Error 8042 . Fatal errors.Gate A20 Failure Processor Exception Interrupt Error Display Memory Read/Write Error ROM Checksum Error CMOS Shutdown Register Rd/Wrt Error Cache Error / External Cache Bad DESCRIPTION A connection to a monitor was not detected. will produce beep codes. ROM checksum value does not match the value encoded in BIOS. The CPU on the single board PC generated an error. which prevent the system from continuing the boot process. The memory refresh circuitry on the single board PC is faulty. BEEPS 1long. The shutdown register for CMOS RAM failed. Parity is not supported on this product. If the BIOS cannot find and configure the display controller then the errors are communicated through a series of audible beeps (by the speaker drive circuit). 8 9 10 System video adapter is either missing or its memory is faulty. E000 ROM enabled. Set stack. If either <CTRL><HOME> is pressed or main BIOS checksum is bad. Program Flash. Control is in segment 0. Flash program successful. Init code Checksum verification starting.NEUTRON USER MANUAL ERROR MESSAGES AMIBIOS ERROR CODES ON THE POST DISPLAY As the BIOS performs the POST after a reset or reboot.ROM’file not of proper size.ROM’file cluster by cluster. the microprocessor indicates the status of the test by writing codes to the I/O port at address 80 Hex. Start reading ‘ AMIBOOT. To initialise DMA and interrupt controllers. To do DMA init. To initialise interrupt vector table.ROM’file. Floppy read error. BIOS is going to restart. Disable internal cache. ‘ AMIBOOT. To start base 512K memory test. To enable floppy and timer IRQ. Init code is copied to segment 0 and control to be transferred to segment 0. 01271031 Page 46 . These Checkpoints are only utilised when the NEUTRON is fitted with a Flash BIOS Blue Chip Technology Ltd.. ‘ AMIBOOT. Start reading FAT table and analyse FAT to find the clusters occupied by ‘ AMIBOOT. enable internal cache. D7 BOOT BLOCK RECOVERY CODE CHECKPOINTS CODE (HEX) E0 E1 E2 E6 ED EE EF F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 FB FC FD FF DESCRIPTION On-Board Floppy Controller (if any) is initialised. CPU ID saved. Main BIOS runtime code is to be decompressed and control to be passed to main BIOS in shadow RAM. UNCOMPRESSED INIT CODE CHECKPOINTS CODE (HEX) D0 D1 D3 D4 D5 D6 DESCRIPTION NMI is Disabled. To start Memory sizing. The following codes indicate the progress of the microprocessor during the power on test.ROM’file in root directory. go to check point E0 else go to check point D7. To come back to real mode. Keyboard controller BAT test. Execute OEM patch.ROM’file not present in root directory. To check <CTRL><HOME> key and verify main BIOS checksum. Erase Flash. Detect Flash type present. start memory refresh and going to 4GB flat mode. Initialise floppy drive. Start looking for a diskette in drive A: and read 1st sector of the diskette. Start searching ‘ AMIBOOT. Display memory R/W test about to begin. output devices) to start if present. To do any setup before Int vector init. To look for the alternate display retrace checking. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. CPU init and CPU data area init to be done. To read 8042 input port and disable Megakey GreenPC feature. To look for optional video ROM and give control. Make BIOS code segment writeable. general devices) to start if present. Chipset init about to begin. Going to disable DMA and Interrupt controllers. Display memory R/W test passed. To init CMOS if “ CMOS in every boot”is set or <END> key is Init pressed. To clear password if necessary. To do alternate Display memory R/W test.NEUTRON USER MANUAL ERROR MESSAGES RUNTIME CODE (Uncompressed in F000 shadow RAM) CODE (HEX) 03 05 06 07 08 0B 0C 0E 0F 10 11 12 13 14 19 1A 23 24 25 27 28 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E 2F 30 31 32 34 37 38 39 3A 40 DESCRIPTION NMI is Disabled. Any initialisation before setting video mode to be done. Going to check pressing of <INS> . IPL. KB controller I/B free. About to look for the retrace checking. To prepare the descriptor tables. To check soft reset/power-on. Going to display the power on message. Different BUSes init (input. New cursor position read and saved. 8254 timer test about to start. EGA/VGA not found. CMOS checksum calculation to be done next. Display mode to be set next. Going to issue Pin-23. BIOS stack set. <END> key during power-on. Memory Refresh line is toggling. Different BUSes init (system. Display memory R/W test or retrace checking failed. To give control for any setup required before optional video ROM check. Going to check 15us ON/OFF time. static. Going for monochrome mode and colour mode setting. About to start memory refresh test. Alternate Display memory R/W test passed. Interrupt vector initialisation about to begin. 01271031 Page 47 .24 blocking/unblocking command. Any initialisation after KB controller BAT to be done next. Video display checking over. To issue the BAT command to keyboard controller. Display different BUSes initialisation error messages. POST code to be uncompressed. Any initialisation before keyboard BAT to be done next. To give control to do any processing after video ROM returns control. To display the Hit <DEL> message. Going to disable Cache if any. Keyboard command byte to be written. Video display is disabled and port-B is initialised. If EGA/VGA not found then do display memory R/W test. Display mode set. NEUTRON USER MANUAL ERROR MESSAGES 42 43 44 To enter in virtual mode for memory test. To enable interrupts for diagnostics mode. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. To Initialise data to check memory wrap around at 0:0. 01271031 Page 48 . go to check point# 4Eh). Going to enter in real mode. Patterns written in base memory. Memory size information is saved. Going to find out amount of memory below 1M memory. Shutdown successful.. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. Going to adjust memory size depending on relocation/shadow. Going to disable gate A20 line and disable parity/NMI. To issue kb controller test command. (SOFT RESET) Going to clear memory above 1M. Keyboard test started. This will be updated during memory test. Memory size calculation over. (NOT SOFT RESET) About to display the first 64k memory size. Global data init done. DMA#2 base register test passed. Check for soft reset and going to clear memory below 1M for soft reset. Amount of memory below 1M found and verified. To do DMA#1 base register test. DMA unit 1 and 2 programming over. To do DMA#2 base register test. Pattern to be tested written in extended memory. Kb reset error/stuck key found. Lock-key checking over.. Memory testing/initialisation below 1M complete. Memory size display adjusted due to relocation/ shadow. <WAIT. checking for stuck key. Memory test above 1M to follow. Memory size adjusted for relocation/shadow. Memory above 1M cleared. 01271031 Page 49 . A20 address line. Keyboard controller interface test over. Memory test started. (If power on. About to start DMA and interrupt controller test. Memory testing/initialisation above 1M complete. To check for memory size mismatch with CMOS. Command byte written. Extended NMI sources enabling is in progress. Going to check for memory wrap around at 0:0 and finding the total system memory size. Going to write patterns in base 640k memory. CPU registers are saved. Going to adjust displayed memory size for relocation/ shadow. CPU in real mode. About to go for writing patterns to test memory. Memory size display started. To check for lock-key. (Go to check point# 52h). DMA#1 base register test passed.> message displayed. Memory wrap around test done. Going to clear Hit <DEL> message. (SOFT RESET) Going to save the memory size. Amount of memory above 1M found and verified. Memory below 1M cleared. to issue keyboard reset command. DMA page register test passed. parity/NMI disable successful. Hit <DEL> message cleared. Going for sequential and random memory test. To Initialise 8259 interrupt controller. Going to save memory size information. To write command byte and init circular buffer. clearing output buffer. To program DMA unit 1 and 2.NEUTRON USER MANUAL ERROR MESSAGES 45 46 47 48 49 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F 50 51 52 53 54 57 58 59 60 62 65 66 7F 80 81 82 83 84 Data initialised. Going to find out amount of memory above 1M memory. Going to give control to INT-19 boot loader. Programming after setup complete. Copying of code to specific area done.NEUTRON USER MANUAL ERROR MESSAGES 85 86 87 88 89 8B 8C 8D 8F 91 95 96 97 98 99 9A 9B 9C 9D 9E A2 A3 A4 A5 A7 A8 A9 AA AB B0 B1 00 Memory size check done. Password checked. Programming before setup complete. Returned from E000 ROM control. About to do programming after setup. NMI and parity enabled. Hard disk controller reset done. Going to do any initialisation before Coprocessor test Required initialisation before Coprocessor is over. Going to set the RS-232 base address. Floppy setup complete. Coprocessor initialised. Going to enable parity/NMI.. Going to setup timer data area and printer base address. <WAIT. Return after setting timer and printer base address. About to do programming before setup. keyboard ID and num-lock. Initialisation before E000 ROM control over. Going to do any initialisation required after E000 optional ROM control. Going to check extd keyboard. Going to display the system configuration.> message displayed. Blue Chip Technology Ltd. To uncompress SETUP code and execute CMOS setup. Going to do any init before C800 optional ROM control. Any initialisation required after optional ROM test over. Soft error display complete.. Going to Initialise the Coprocessor next. PS/2 Mouse check and extended BIOS data area allocation to be done. Hard disk setup to be done next. System configuration is displayed. Going to do any initialisation required before giving control to optional ROM at E000. About to give control to do any required processing after optional ROM returns control and enable external cache. Any init before C800 optional ROM control is over. Going to set keyboard typematic rate. Optional ROM check and control will be done next. E000 ROM to get control next. Going for hard disk controller reset. Going to do any initialisation after Coprocessor test. Going to display power on screen message. Going to copy any code to specific area. Initialisation after Coprocessor test is complete. To uncompress DMI data and execute DMI POST init. 01271031 Page 50 . Returned after RS-232 base address. Returned from CMOS setup program and screen is cleared. Init of different BUSes optional ROMs from C800 to start. Setup options programming after CMOS setup about to start. Keyboard typematic rate set. Initialisation after E000 optional ROM control is over. Optional ROM control is done. First screen message displayed. To display soft error and check for password or bypass setup. To program memory wait states. Floppy setup to be done next. Keyboard ID command to be Going to display any soft errors. If a second message appears. The BIOS can read the disk in floppy drive A:. The format is: OFF BOARD PARITY ERROR ADDR (HEX) = (XXXX) Where “ XXXX” is the hex address where the error occurred. Parity error in system memory at an unknown address.. KB/Interface Error Off Board Parity Error On Board Parity Error Parity Error ???? Blue Chip Technology Ltd. There is an error in timer 2. ERROR MESSAGE 8042 Gate . The display jumper is not implemented on this product. Most AT systems include two timers. There is an error in the keyboard connector. The boot disk in floppy drive A: is corrupt. a checksum value is generated for error checking. this error will not occur. there is only one message. The values stored in CMOS RAM are either corrupt or non-existent. There is a timing problem with the keyboard.NEUTRON USER MANUAL ERROR MESSAGES AMIBIOS ERROR MESSAGES Textual error messages are displayed in the following format: ERROR Message Line 1 ERROR Message Line 2 For most displayed error messages. Run AMIBIOS Setup. The battery power is low. Run Setup. The BIOS cannot communicate with the floppy disk drive controller. Check all appropriate connections after the system is powered down. Error in the first DMA channel. 01271031 Page 51 . Interrupt channel 2 failed POST. The video type in CMOS RAM does not match the type detected by the BIOS. CMOS RAM is powered by a battery. The amount of memory on the single board PC is different than the amount in CMOS RAM. Run AMIBIOS Setup. Check all appropriate connections after the system is powered down. Replace it. Use another boot disk and follow the screen instructions. this error will not occur. Parity is not supported on this product..Unlock It Keyboard Error EXPLANATION Gate A20 on the keyboard controller (8042) is not working. Cache memory is defective. press <F1> to run Setup Utility. Error in the address decoding circuitry on the single board PC. After CMOS RAM values are saved. but cannot boot the system. Run AMIBIOS Setup. Replace the 8042. If this message occurs. Run Standard CMOS Setup to set the date and time in CMOS RAM. Error in the second DMA channel.A20 Error Address Line Short! Cache Memory Bad. Use another boot disk. The system must be unlocked to continue. The keyboard lock on the system is engaged. The previous value is different from the current value. The BIOS cannot communicate with the hard disk drive controller. Replace the battery. Set the Keyboard option in Standard CMOS Setup to Not Installed to skip the keyboard POST routines. It cannot be used to boot the system. it is "RUN SETUP". Error in the DMA controller. Do Not Enable Cache! CH-2 Timer Error CMOS Battery State Low CMOS Checksum Failure CMOS System Options Not Set CMOS Display Type Mismatch CMOS Memory Size Mismatch CMOS Time and Date Not Set Diskette Boot Failure Display Switch Not Proper DMA Error DMA #1 Error DMA #2 Error FDD Controller Failure HDD Controller Failure INTR #1 Error INTR #2 Error Invalid Boot Diskette Keyboard Is Locked. Parity error in memory installed in an expansion slot. Interrupt channel 1 failed POST. NEUTRON USER MANUAL ERROR MESSAGES Blue Chip Technology Ltd. 01271031 Page 52 . NEUTRON USER MANUAL ERROR MESSAGES ISA NMI MESSAGES ISA NMI MESSAGE Memory Parity Error at XXXXX EXPLANATION Memory failed. it is displayed as XXXXX. If not. 01271031 Page 53 . If the address can be determined. I/O Card Parity Error at XXXXX DMA Bus Time-out Blue Chip Technology Ltd. the message is Memory Parity Error ????. An expansion card failed. it is displayed as XXXXX. If not.8 microseconds. If the memory location can be determined. the message is I/O Card Parity Error ????. A device has driven the bus signal for more than 7. String <'Primary Input Device Not Found'>. \ . Function '>. String <'NVRAM Cleared By Jumper'>. \ . \ . \ . \ . Device '>. Text <'Secondary IDE Controller Resource Conflict '>. String <'. 01271031 Page 54 . \ . \ . <'NVRAM Checksum Error. NVRAM Cleared'>. \ . \ . Blue Chip Technology Ltd. Function: 01". Text If more than 15 PCI conflict errors are detected. \ . device and function information. \ . \ . \ . \ . String <'Floppy Disk Controller Resource Conflict '>. \ . <'PCI I/O Port Conflict:'>. Text <'Primary IDE Controller Resource Conflict '>. String <'Primary Boot Device Not Found'>. Device 0D.NEUTRON USER MANUAL ERROR MESSAGES PCI CONFIGURATION ERROR MESSAGES The following PCI messages are displayed as a group with bus. \ . String <'Static Device Resource Conflict'>. String <' Bus '>. the “log full” message is displayed. \ .'>. String <'PCI Error Log is Full. \ . String <'System Board Device Resource Conflict'>. String <'NVRAM Data Invalid. String <'PCI Memory Conflict: '>. Text <'Parallel Port Resource Conflict '>. \ . String <'. String The following messages chain together to give a message such as: "PCI I/O Port Conflict: Bus: 00. String <'Primary Output Device Not Found'>. Text <'Serial Port 1 Resource Conflict '>. String <'PCI IRQ Conflict: '>. \ . Text <'Serial Port 2 Resource Conflict '>. NVRAM Cleared'>. \ . NEUTRON USER MANUAL BOARD LAYOUT BOARD LAYOUT Blue Chip Technology Ltd. 01271031 Page 55 .