What are these cells? How are they specialised to perform their function? sperm cells. palisade cells.CELL SPECIALISATION Define terms differentiation & specialisation -erythrocytes. neutrophils. epithelial cells. Phloem & cambium . xylem. root hair cells. Which organism has the highest surface area to volume ratio? The single celled Amoeba Polar bear or other multi cellular organism . Which organism has the highest surface area to volume ratio? The single celled Amoeba 12:8 = 3:2 Polar bear or other multi cellular organism 20:25 . Single celled organisms Multi-cellular organisms Large s/a: volume All cells exposed to environment Effective exchange surface-for what? All cells perform all functions Smaller s/a: volume Not all cells in contact with external environment Therefore: Specialised cells to perform different functions . Young cell Cell division Cell growth Cell specialisation Mature cell -Unlikely or unable to divide again What is Differentiation When a cell becomes specialised to carry out a particular job/function What categories of differentiation are there? Change number of particular organelle e.g.g. root hair cell Change some of the contents of the cell e.g. muscle cell Change the shape of the cell e. RBC ALL 3!! . Research your cell.In your group. split the cells between you. Later you will need to explain your findings to the rest of the group Specialised Cell Erythrocyte Neutrophil Sperm cell Palisade Cell Root hair cell Guard Cell Ciliated Epithelium How the cell is specialised for its function . What are tissues. . organs and organ systems? Write a definition and an example of the following on the yellow post-its and stick under the appropriate heading: Tissue Organ Organ system . groups of the same kind of cells performing a common function e. the stomach consists of mucus membrane tissue. muscle tissue.g. muscle tissue in animals Groups of different types of tissues are arranged together to form organs e. xylem and phloem in plants.g. reproductive system. respiratory system. etc Organs are grouped into systems e. . organ systems consist of a number of organs working together to perform an overall life function .What are tissues.g. organs and organ systems? Cells make up TISSUES. one mark is available for the quality of spelling. (Allow one lined page). Describe how red blood cells.GROUP ESSAY In this question. such as those shown in the picture are adapted for their function. [6] Quality of Written Communication [1] [Total 7 marks] Think about the other side of the course too!! . punctuation and grammar. Below is a picture of blood showing both red and white blood cells. 12 AVP. haemoglobin/oxygen/AW. into capillaries. the reaction catalysed by carbonic anhydrase/role in maintenance of diffusion gradient/AW. 4 flexible/elastic/stretchy/changes shape/AW. 7 no nucleus to maximise room for. allows red cells to. 10 transport of carbon dioxide as carbamino-haemoglobin/CO2 combines with Hb. gives. punctuation and grammar. e. so haemoglobin never far from cell surface/AW. 6 biconcave/AW [A ‘dimpled’]. 1[7] .g. 5 small size/‘stretchiness’/AW. carries oxygen/AW. named organelles. increased/AW. fit/squeeze. surface area relative to volume (for diffusion). 2 detail of no. 8 contain carbonic anhydrase. further detail of oxygen carriage variable oxidation state of Fe idea that small size allows them to be close to tissue or cells lack of. of oxygen molecules carried. 11 ref buffering effect. 9 describe. other/named. also increases room for Hb/O2 max 6 13 QWC – legible text with accurate spelling.1 haemoglobin/haem. 3 small size/large SA:V ratio.