3/10/13Home 4G Wireless Systems Full Seminar Report Download (1) Computer Science Seminar Topics Question &Answers Premium Downloads Seminar Topics Project Ideas Free Downloads Search Contact US Hello There, Guest!(Login · Register) 1 Seminar Topics Project Ideas On Computer Science,Electronics,Electrical,Mechanical Engineering,Civil,MBA, Medicine,Nursing,Science,Physics,Mathematics,Chemistry ppt pdf doc presentation Abstract / Engineering Seminar Topics / Computer Science Seminar Topics / 4G Wireless Systems Full Seminar Report Download Important: Use custom search function to get better results from our thousands of pages Search Use " " for compulsory search eg:"electronics seminar" , use -" " for filter something eg: "electronics seminar" -"/tag/" (used for exclude results from tag pages) Choose File No file chosen Submit Please Upload A Seminar Or Project Report/Code/Material/Presentation Here Tags: Wireless, Systems, Full, Seminar, Report, Download, 4G Wireless Systems, 4g wireless systems ppt, 4g wireless systems abstract, advantages of 4g wireless systems, applications of 4g wireless systems, location management in 3g 4g wireless systems, b3g and 4g wireless systems, features of 4g wireless systems, Visit all pages to get full information with attachment ( Total available pages in this thread is (39) ) : 1 Next » 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ... 39 1 07-04-2009, 08:53 PM Post: #1 computer science crazy Super Moderator Hey...Ask More Info About 4G Wireless Systems Full Seminar Report Posts: 3,018 Download Joined: Dec 2008 4G Wireless Systems Full Seminar Report Download 4G Wireless Systems Abstract : The ever-increasing growth of user demand, the limitations of the third generation of wireless mobile communication systems and the emergence of new mobile broadband technologies on the market have brought researchers and industries to a thorough reflection on the fourth generation. Many prophetic visions have appeared in the literature presenting 4G as the ultimate boundary of wireless mobile communication without any limit to its potential, but in practical terms not giving any design rules and thus any definition of it. The evolution from 3G to 4G will be driven by services that offer better quality (e.g. video and sound) thanks to greater bandwidth, more sophistication in the association of a large quantity of information, and improved personalization. Convergence with other network (enterprise, fixed) services will come about through the high session data rate. It will require an always-on connection and a revenue model based on a fixed monthly fee. The impact on network capacity is expected to be significant. Machine-to-machine transmission will involve two basic equipment types: sensors (which measure parameters) and tags (which are generally read/write equipment). It is expected that users will require high data rates, similar to those on fixed networks, for data and streaming applications. Mobile terminal usage (laptops, Personal digital assistants, and handhelds) is expected to grow rapidly as they become more user friendly. Fluid high quality video and network reactivity are important user requirements. Key infrastructure design requirements include: fast response, high session rate, high capacity, low user charges, rapid return on investment for operators, investment that is in line with the growth in demand, and simple autonomous terminals. Full Seminar Report Download http://rapidshare.com/files/189976984/4G...ystems.rar Please Use Search http://www.seminarprojects.com/search.php wisely To Get More Information About A Seminar Or Project Topic 06-04-2010, 06:46 PM Post: #2 project topics Active Active In In SP SP Hey...Ask More Info About 4G Wireless Systems Full Seminar Report Posts: 2,489 Download Joined: Mar 2010 RE: 4G Wireless Systems Full Seminar Report Download 4G.ppt (Size: 2.12 MB / Downloads: 6787) 4G.doc (Size: 39.5 KB / Downloads: 3822) seminarprojects.com/Thread-4g-wireless-systems-full-seminar-report-download 1/7 but usually a lot slower. and 2. It is about 10-20 times faster than standard ASDL services. seminarprojects. thereby increasing the overall through-put. or when the network is "congested". However. In our 3G report you will find a lot of market data for Japans 3G market (20 million 3G subscribers in Japan in July 2004). and 28. in actual use the data rates are usually slower. 506i handsets (since May 2002).4 Mbit/s since December 2003. What will the data rates be for 4G (broadband mobile) in Japan At present (2G) imode data rates in Japan are up to 9.e.4 Mbps for KDDI/AU CDMA2000-1x-WIN service. which will give you a good idea about what 4G might look like in the future. Read more about the two waves of 3G introduction in Japan: our 3G FAQ (html) and our 3G report (pdf-file for download). This is about 2000 times faster than present (year 2001) mobile data rates.compare for example the success of iPod. especially in crowded areas. and multimedia services to all 4G enabled end-users.com/Thread-4g-wireless-systems-full-seminar-report-download 2/7 . 4G is likely to enable the download of full length songs or music pieces which may change the market response dramatically. broadband. The goal of 4G will be to replace the entire core of cellular networks with a single worldwide cellular network completely standardized based on the (Internet Protocol) IP for video. Music rights management will be a major issue to solve. such as a Reed-Solomon and a Convolution Code.6 kbit/sec. What is fourth generation (4G) mobile At present the download speed for mobile internet connections in Japan are between 9. packet data utilizing Voice over IP (VoIP) and multimedia services. 4.3/10/13 4G Wireless Systems Full Seminar Report Download (1) Computer Science Seminar Topics INTRODUCTION TO 4G Fourth Generation (4G) wireless communications 1. What is 4G Cellular The face off between 4G verses Wi-Fi verses WiMAX will be a globally adopted network of shared applications. voice. i. 5. What is DoCoMo's MOTO-Media NTT-DoCoMo and Hewlett-Packard have announced that the two companies are jointly developing technologies for 4G wireless communications. The 4G standards have not been set and underlying technologies are not fixed. FEC coding adds redundancy to a transmitted coded signal through encoding prior to transmission. At the moment (3G) only very short music clips can be downloaded. based entirely on IP (Internet Protocol).2kbps for 504i. up to 128 kbit/s for PHS. The newly standardized networks would provide uniform video.0G to 4.6 kbit/s for 2G cellular. Is video really a killer application for 3G and 4G Usage data in Japan do not show that video telephony is a real killer application for 3G. and data services to the cellular handset or handheld Internet appliance. The combination improves error correction and combines error correction with error detection. The industry has guidelines for the migration from 3. FEC using Concatenated Coding allows a wireless network to send much larger blocks of data while reducing bit-error rate. but a clear path has not been proven.0G. When will 4G (broadband) mobile communications being introduced in Japan Initially DoCoMo planned to introduce 4G services around 2010. The 4G providers of advanced cellular technology in FEC (Forward Error Correction) are adopting Concatenated Coding which has the capability of multiple QoS (Quality of Service) levels. 3. typically 200 kbit/s (nominally 384 kbps) for DoCoMo and Vodafone 3G cellular. However. 6. KDDI/AU offers 2. which are being introduced for internet connections over traditional copper cables at this time (2001). We believe however that music is a killer application . 2. They have named the technology platform: MOTO-Media. and about 10 times faster than top transmission rates planned in the final build out of 3G broadband mobile. What type of services will 4G allow Of course it is impossible to predict technology developments and the evolution of culture and customer needs. resources and standards meeting a minimum delivery requirement of VoFi. 505i. 4G in principle will allow high-quality smooth video transmission. 4G mobile data transmission rates are planned to be up to 20 megabits per second. this may change if quality and market penetration improves or different marketing models are found. For 3G (FOMA) data rates are at present around 200kbps (download) and 64kbps (upload) and will in the future be upgraded to 10 Mbit/sec. Recently DoCoMo announced plans to introduce 4G services from 2006. A major advantage of Concatenated Coding over the Convolution Coding method by Viterbi will be improved network performance by the combining of two or more coding techniques. which leaves plenty of room for other applications to overlap into the 4G space. as one Concatenated Code. For 4G data rates up to 20 Megabytes per second are planned. four years earlier than previously planned. high-speed wireless connectivity. The 4G systems are about seamlessly integrating terminals. the most-wanted feature is better. In India.11 are examples. The most telling example is growth of the Internet over the last 10 years. Global mobility support. Meanwhile. Anywhere Connection Also known as ËœMobile Broadband everywhereâ„¢ MAGIC Mobile Multimedia Communication Anywhere. not only cellular telephone systems. Problems with the Current System One may then wonder why ubiquitous. WiFi and WiMAX 3G with other wireless technologies are under development to meet the standards of performance for 4G deployment Highlighting the primary drivers for 4G wireless network deployments are cost. Dayanidhi Maran.20. A number of technologies currently exist to provide users with high-speed digital wireless connectivity. that is.com/search. This paper presents an overall vision of the 4G features. integrated wireless solution. the latest technology purchase must have new features. 08:15 PM Post: #3 project topics Active Active In In SP SP Hey.Ask More Info About 4G Wireless Systems Full Seminar Report Posts: 2. high-speed wireless is not already available.. Such a system does not yet exist. and applications to satisfy increasing user demands. Data-rate increases of 10-50X over 3G will put streaming audio and video access into the hands of consumers. mobile services.3/10/13 4G Wireless Systems Full Seminar Report Download (1) Computer Science Seminar Topics The primary goal of the planned 4G cellular services will include the following: ¢ Interactive Multimedia.seminarprojects. sits in the palm of oneâ„¢s hand. In the information age. Cellular subscribers pay extra on top of their basic bills for such features as instant messaging.. wireless network access. and applications. The cellular network would become a data network on which cellular phones could operate-as well as any other data device. cellular providers have the opportunity to offer data access to a wide variety of devices. Fourth-generation wireless needs to be standardized throughout the world due to its enticing advantages to both users and providers. Please Use Search http://www. stock quotes. The continuous expansion of mobile communication and wireless networks shows evidence of exceptional growth in the areas of mobile subscriber. networks. manufacturers entice customers to buy new phones with photo and even video capability. for fourth-generation wireless system. but also will support the fixed wireless networks. framework. The goal is the same: long-range. These two standards provide very high speed network connections over short distances. One of the terms used to describe 4G is MAGIC†Mobile multimedia. Increased speed is a critical requirement for 4G wireless services to be successful. But that is far from the limit of features. flexibility and universal access. Sending data over the cell phone network is a lucrative business. Video Streaming ¢ High Speed Global Internet Access “ VPN Availability ¢ Service Portability with Scalable Mobile Services ¢ High Speed.php wisely To Get More Information About A Seminar Or Project Topic 12-04-2010. and customized personal service. Low Cost Services ¢ Improved Information Security ¢ QoS Enhancements ¢ Multi-Hop Networking ¢ Spectral Bandwidth Efficiencies (8bits/Second/Hz) ¢ Seamless Network of Multiple Protocols . This concept is already beginning a revolution in wireless networking. including 802. Introduction Consumers demand more from their technology. wireless providers are already moving in the direction of expanding the bandwidth of their cellular networks. After all. Anytime with Anyone Global Mobility Support Integrated Wireless Solution Customized Personal Service According to 4G Mobile Forum. Hyper LAN. Whether it be a television.489 Download Joined: Mar 2010 RE: 4G Wireless Systems Full Seminar Report Download 4G WIRELES SYSTEM. Each wireless generation demands a much richer set of wireless features. typically in the tens of meters.11. anytime anywhere. and even Internet access right on their phones. we need pervasive. W-CDMA.16e.com/Thread-4g-wireless-systems-full-seminar-report-download 3/7 . access to data is the killer app that drives the market. Almost all of the major cell phone networks already provide data seminarprojects. cellular broadband wireless access systems have been attracting much interest in the mobile communication arena. The term 4G is used broadly to include several types of broadband wireless access communication systems. by 2008 over $400 billion would be invested in 4G mobile projects. communication Minister Mr. nor will it exist in todayâ„¢s market without standardization. from high-quality voice to high-definition video to high-data-rate wireless channels. 4G systems. Voice. With the advent of the Internet. with instant access to the Internet from anywhere. Bluetooth and 802. or refrigerator. faster access to information.doc (Size: 1. and integration of mobile communication. Wireless networks provide a unique twist to this product: mobility. As a promise for the future. The features of 4G systems might be summarized with one word†integration. 802. High Capacity. cellular phone. 802. which for the purposes of this report will be called 4G.38 MB / Downloads: 2178) 4G Wireless Systems ABSTRACT:The approaching 4G (fourth generation) mobile communication systems are projected to solve still-remaining problems of 3G (third generation) systems and to provide a wide variety of new services. The 4G systems not only will support the next generation of mobile service. highspeed wireless. Economic Impact:Advantages of 4G:In a fourth-generation wireless system.4G must be all-IP* *Therefore compatible with all common network technologies. CONCLUSION 4G: Anytime. It is no longer a quantum leap to envision a time when access to all necessary information the power of a personal computer . To support such a powerful system. has announced a national centre of excellence to work in 4G arena. cellular providers seek to increase speed on their long-range wireless networks. speed. Bluetooth. A data-centered protocol is needed. Some of the players make the conversion to 4G Because not all of the players have chosen 4G. the volume of speech. This type of data is seen often in voice transmission. to connect to the Internet. they are improvements on a protocol that was originally designed for voice. or Time Division Multiple Access. Cellular providers are continuing to upgrade their networks in order to meet this higher demand by switching to different protocols that allow for faster access speeds and more efficient transfers. Even though converters will be able to sell more services to their customers. CDMA:CDMA. An outside agent †the national government †must standardize on 4G as the wireless standard for the communication. each device indicates how much data it has to send. Not only is data transfer slow . the data is modulated for transmission over the bandwidth allocated for that transmission. During that particular time slot. This makes it possible to combine with other signals on the same frequency range and still recover the original signal from an arbitrary mobile phone as long as the code for that phone is known. Barriers to Progress:Why are cellular providers not moving to 4G instead of 3G? A market place like the cellular industry can be modeled as a game. Consumers now demand more features. acorrelator and integrator pair recovers the signal based on the unique code from the cellular phone. This highly specific kind of noise does not cause interference with current radio frequency devices. Once the signal is demodulated. That means. This has the negative side effect of wasting bandwidth and capacity on devices that have nothing to send (Leon-Garcia and Widjaja 2000). one each for n devices on the network. By keeping security in mind while designing the new system. There are many small television broadcasters in rural areas whose cost of conversion would be as much as 15years of revenue. or 2G.3/10/13 4G Wireless Systems Full Seminar Report Download (1) Computer Science Seminar Topics services beyond that offered in standard cell phones. The process for receiving a signal is shown in Figure 5. so they are fairly cheap †the equipment required is already developed and in mass production in other places in the world. if a player chooses the 4G strategy. conserving bandwidth to enable fast data access. which means that it can use frequencies that seminarprojects. the creators of 2G wireless were able to produce a usable system that is still in use today. If one were to create two identical marketplaces in which cellular providers used 3G and 4G respectively. A common concern is the similarity of this proposal to the forced introduction of HDTV in the US. CDMA has been patented in the United States by Qualcomm. have better ways of handling dynamic load changes (such as additional cellular users entering a particular cell). 4G Hardware:Ultra Wide Band Networks Ultra Wideband technology. and encodes the data with the unique code for that phone. The mobile phone digitizes the voice data as it is received. allows every device in a cell to transmit over the entire bandwidth at all times. as seen in Figure 3. states that 3G would be a patched up system that could be inefficient. they are inefficient with their use of the available spectrum bandwidth. Data transfer tends to come in bursts rather than in the constant stream of voice data. This is called ETDMA (Extended TDMA) and can increase the efficiency of TDMA to ten times the capacity of the original analog cellular phone network. However. making it more expensive to implement due to royalty fees. and devices with lots of pending data can have extra time with which to send it. Figure 1 illustrates the different technologies that are currently in use. but can be decoded by another device that recognizes UWB and can reassemble it back into a signal. legitimate concerns can be posed to the idea of implementing 4G nationwide. Thus. Through this registration period. and the integrator transforms the recovered signal into the actual data stream. it can use any part of the frequency spectrum. Unfortunately. Each device gets a single time slot in a procession of devices on the network. There are n timeslots in each frame. at an arbitrary time. then splitting up the resulting data into chunks upon transmission. between 4G and HDTV. Of course. In practice. is a technique for dividing the time domain up into sub channels for use by multiple devices.every device gets a timeslot in every frame. however. they are not all using the same protocol. and create more bandwidth than 3G systems. it will not be enough to cover the higher costs of converting to 4G. the improvements in 4G would be easy to see. This is accomplished by taking each bit of the signal and multiplying it by all bits in the unique code for the phone. which in turn require higher data rates than 2G can handle. The correlator recovers the original encoded signal for the device. This has been a factor for cellular phone providers when choosing which system to implement. 40). and the amount of background noise are constantly varying. The first is the nature of the service providers. The time is divided into frames in which each device on the network gets one timeslot. Thus. The players are multi-billion dollar companies. Thus. One optimization that makes TDMA much more efficient is the addition of a registration period at the beginning of the frame. A new system is needed that merges voice and data into the same digital stream. Although most technologies are similar. the current cellular network does not have the available bandwidth necessary to handle data services well. The cellular industry. and donâ„¢t require a complete reworking of the system. Cellular providers will market additional services to its customers. because of all of the cellular manufacturers investing in it. There are three basic paths the game can take: Nobody makes the conversion to 4G All end up upgrading to 2. Unfortunately. The secret to UWB is that it is typically detected as noise. William C. By using advanced hardware and software at both ends of the transmission. is an advanced transmission technology that can be used in the implementation of a 4G network.These two technologies are collectively referred to as second-generation. Both of these cases could be caused by an insecure wireless system. Speaking on the topic of 3G. for this type of data. No cellular provider has incentive to move to 4G unless all providers move to 4G. 3G systems still have inherent flaws. These are collectively referred to as third generation. Current Technology:Most modern cellular phones are based on one of two transmission technologies: time-division multiple access (TDMA) or code-division multiple access (CDMA) (Prizeman 2000.but the bandwidth that is available is not allocated efficiently for data. Each mobile device has a unique and orthogonal code that is used to encode and recover the signal (Leon-Garcia and Widjaja 2000). or UWB. This will allow simple and transparent connectivity. who already have enough capital. which will be discussed later. Our proposal is simply choosing a direction for their growth. Providers could lose money through fraudulent use of the cellular system or unauthorized disclosure of user information over the airwaves. the equipment will be more expensive than the second scenario. The benefit of using TDMA with this optimization for network access comes when data is bur sty.5G and 3G services. and prepare for 4G (Christian). one of the worlds leading authorities on mobile communications. Once encoded.TDMA:TDMA. This makes the frame setup simpler and more efficient because there is no time wasted on setting up the order of transmission. 2G technology is beginning to feel its age. as in Table 2.com/Thread-4g-wireless-systems-full-seminar-report-download 4/7 . it is not possible to predict the rate or amount of pending data from a particular host. There are two key differences. that player will be at a significant disadvantage. and every other device is in the quiescent state. Everyone makes the conversion to 4G The equipment and technology needed for 4G will be cheap. Most importantly. one data bit is transformed into a sequence of bits of the same length as the code for the mobile phone. fourth-generation systems will draw more users by using standard network protocols. During this period. Both systems make eavesdropping more difficult by digitally encoding the voice data and compressing it. however.at the speed of analog modems . one device is allowed to utilize the entire bandwidth of the spectrum. the way in which the companies are developing their networks is problematic †all are currently proceeding in different directions with their technology improvements. Since the signal is disguised as noise. In addition. A block diagram of the process is shown in Figure 4. very little capacity is wasted by excessive allocation. where the rate of speech. but nobody else follows suit. They are not well-designed for data. or 3G. does not have this problem. Therefore. An often overlooked area of financial liability for cellular providers is in the area of information security. and it would be best if the industry would leapfrog over 3G wireless technologies. . devices with nothing to send waste no time by having a timeslot allocated to them. 4G protocols use spectrum up to 3 times as efficiently as 3G systems. and which technologies the providers plan to use. services. The upgrades are incremental. 4G is the answer to this problem. Lee. or Code Division Multiple Access. which has (thus far) failed miserably.Y. continual network upgrades are part of their business plan. Several standards already exist for VoIP. Encryption:Two encryption/decryption techniques are commonly used: asymmetric and symmetric encryption. and given the number of new devices being connected to the Internet every day. Mickunas. One other thing that VoIP allows is slow transition from direct. The pulse can be called shaped noise because it is not flat. For seminarprojects. low powered electrical pulses that are not directed at one particular frequency but rather are spread across the entire spectrum (Butcher ).207. a larger address space will be needed. Its addresses take the form x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x where each x is the hexadecimal value that makes up one eighth of the address. the phone would automatically switch from operating on a CDMA frequency to a TDMA frequency. which is 6 times faster than todayâ„¢s wireless networks. such as Net2Phone and Go2Call. allowing the security of the entire mobile device to be compromised. Mickunas.xxx. in order to be able to download software at any location. in order to keep curious users from listening in by sniffing. the usage of different encryption schemes depends on many factors. users can just download the interface upon entering new territory.xxx. One solution to this multi-network functional device is a software defined radio. the phone would be able to support that new standard with a simple software update. thereby opening security holes. IPv6 has a much larger address space. since it transmits pulses instead of a continuous signal. cars. An Ultra Wideband device works by emitting a series of short. or the software could just download automatically (Wang 2001). Al-Muhtadi. With current phones. Using this address format.05*1028 times as large as the IPv4 address space and should have room for all wired and wireless devices. so not only can VoIP customers communicate with each other. including wireless LAN technologies (e. as well as room for all of the foreseeable expansion in several lifetimes. Of course. UWB provides greater bandwidth †as much as 60 megabits per second. Nevertheless. It can be dynamically updated with new software without any changes in hardware and infrastructure. As people begin to connect refrigerators. Of course. UWB uses all frequencies from high to low. This means that the antenna system cannot only hear many times louder. Implementation of Packets Current System: IPv4 Currently. actual noise would look the same across a range of frequencies it has no shape.323. since there is greater demand to provide a more flexible. and even personal area networks. there is room for approximately 3. This is approximately 8. yielding all of the benefits of packets.1 to 10. Interference would have to spread across the spectrum uniformly to obscure the pulse.g. and Campbell of University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign showed great foresight in admitting that existing security schemes in 2G and 3G systems are inadequate. two sides can settle on a specific key to use for their communications. To the end user. and can switch from one predefined beam to another when the user with the phone moves throughout the sector Adaptive Array Antennas (as seen in Figure 8) represent the most advanced smart antenna approach to date using a variety of new signal processing algorithms to locate and track the user.6 GHz. 60). This is the job of the packet layer. A software defined radio in the context of 4G would be able to work on different broadband networks and would be able to transfer to another network seamlessly while traveling outside of the userâ„¢s home network. they will begin to exhibit the same security weaknesses as any other computer. Anti-Virus:As wireless devices become more powerful. An example of this is:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210 (The Internet Engineering Task Force Network Working Group ). but the communication will occur primarily over a packet-based system. but can also respond more loudly and directly as well (ArrayComm 2003). all data.2 billion unique addresses. 3G). allowing old-style lephone users to connect to their central office (CO) the same way.44. and scalable security mechanism as fast as mobile hosts are evolving into full-fledged IP-enabled devices (Al-Muhtadi. The problem then is the key transportation problem: How do both sides get the key without a third party intercepting it? If an unauthorized user receives the key.5G. Thus. 4G Software:4G will likely become a unification of different wireless networks. These holes may be remotely exploited. the data must be formatted to some standard. Individual applications may contain flaws in the processing of data.g 130. Since the antennas can both listen and talk. special antennas are needed to tune and aim the signal. because of the weakness of the UWB signal. However. In addition. phone in the future can use VoIP over the Internet instead of continuing to use their existing network. space is running out. tune. Modern symmetric encryption algorithms are generic and use a key to vary the algorithm. where both sides agree on asystem of encrypting and decrypting messages †the reverse of the encryption algorithm is the decryption algorithm. as far as the network is concerned. Under this umbrella. and maximize intended signal reception Although UWB and smart antenna technology may play a large role in a 4G system. the CO will then connect to an IPv6 Internet backbone. meaning that one device would have to have the capability of working on different networks. thereby passing through objects like the sea or layers of rock. and Campbell 2002. which will then connect to the destination CO. IPv4 uses an address in the format of xxx. Almost all IP addresses using IPv4 have been assigned. IPv6 can only protect data in transmission. any wireless device should provide a process for updating the application software as security holes are discovered and fixed. These devices would have to support different networks. Unfortunately. reconfigurable. There are two types of smart antennas: Switched Beam Antennas (as seen in Figure 7) have fixed beams of transmission.Voice over IP (VoIP) Voice over IP is the current standard for voice communication over data networks. Thissoftware should be flexible. On the other hand.40 * 1038 unique addresses. there will not seem to be any difference. Roaming can be an issue with different standards. outside of the short connections between either end of the communication and their CO. Smart Antennas: Multiple smart antennas can be employed to help find. public cellular networks (2. advanced software will be needed to process data on both the sending and receiving side. but Cingular did. IEEE 802. VoIP allows for flexibility the same way that data packets do. if one was a subscriber of Sprint and moved into an area where Sprint did not have service. should be encrypted while in transit.xxx where each set of three digits can range from 0 to 255 (e.3/10/13 4G Wireless Systems Full Seminar Report Download (1) Computer Science Seminar Topics are currently in use by other radio frequency devices (Cravotta ). a smart antenna can send signals back in the same direction that they came from. It also uses significantly less power. Thus. Backbones can be replaced. but curves across the spectrum. they can also communicate with users of the old telephone system. and phones to the Internet. regular noise that may have the same frequency as the pulse itself does not cancel out the pulse. if a new standard were to be created. For this reason. but with a software defined radio. Thus. this is impossible.com/Thread-4g-wireless-systems-full-seminar-report-download 5/7 .11). VoIP packets are the same as any other packet. A software defined radioâ„¢s best advantage is its great flexibility to be programmed for emerging wireless standards. including voice. and turn up signal information. connection based communication to VoIP communication. Symmetric encryption is the more traditional form. There are enough addresses for every phone to have a unique address.251). Software Defined Radio A software defined radio is one that can be configured to any radio or frequency standard through the use of software. They can travel over any equipment that supports packet-based communication and they receive all of the error correction and other benefits that packets receive. Recommended System: IPv6 The next generation addressing system uses the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) to locate devices. but this address format allows for approximately 4. minimize interference. Though combinations are reserved. the Internet uses the Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) to locate devices. Flexibility:In reality. as the future wireless world will likely be a heterogeneous mix of technologies. As seen in Figure 6. Ultra Wideband uses a frequency of between 3. it is important that the encryption method be able to change when other determining factors change. which will split the data into small packets. 4G needs to support a wide range of mobile devices that can roam across different types of networks (Cefriel ). Thus. including network data flow design. There are many interconnects between the data Internet and the phone network. however. VoIP is already in use in many offices to replace PBX-based systems and by several companies that offer cheap long distance phone calls over the Internet. the primary one being International Multimedia telecommunications Consortium standard H. then he too can decrypt the messages. For example. Signature Disable Smilies Image Verification (case insensitive) Refresh Please enter the text within the image on the left in to the text box below. Thread: Author Replies: Views: Last Post Today 08:51 PM Last Post: Rekha_anbalagan Today 06:59 PM Last Post: monika.. seminar report on 4g technology. often turning to various 3G solutions.com/Thread-4g. Post Reply Preview Post Possibly Related Threads.seminarprojects.. 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