IS :4860-1868( Reaffirmed 2001 ) Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR ACID-RESISTANT BRICKS ( Sixth Reprint SEPTEMBER UDC 1994 ) 666’774 _5 0 Coprrisht BUREAU OF INDIAN MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUB 1969 STANDARDS SHAH NEW DELHI 110002 Gr4 ZAFAR MARC3 MALTA India Ltd. CHOKSHI ( Alternate ) The Concrete Association of India. KAPOOR SERI A. SHRI M. hf. G. S. New Delhi Members National Rubber Manufacturers Ltd. BANERJEE DR M. S.AorB3ilding Research Institute ( CSIR ). Bombay SHXI P. 24 Parganas (West SHRI H. Calcutta SARI T. MEHANDRU Coromandel Prodorite Pvt Ltd. R. BIIATIA Central Public Works Department. Calcutta DR D. HARILAL DR PRANLAL PATEL ( Alternate ) Modern Tiles & Marble. BDC 5 Repreknting Chairman SHRI M. Flooring and Plastering Sectional Committee. C. PRINJA ( Alternate ) DEPUTY CHIEF MECHANICAL Railway Board. L. BHAIJMIK ( Alternate ) Arcoy Industries. SRINIVASAN ( Alternafe ) India Linoleums Ltd. K. P. Bombay SERI RAMAX hf. PADHYE Nasik SHRI S XL. MUKHERJEE (Alternate ) Oxy-chloride Flooring Pr0duct. Bombay SXRI N. GROSH SHRI B. CHOKSHI SHEI RASIKLAL A. C. BASSI ( Alternate ) Central Builders’ Association. New Delhi SHRI HAZARI LAL MAHWAH The Institution of Engineers ( India ). M. DR JOSEPH GEORGE DR MORAN RAI ( Alternate ) Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch.IS :4860. MURU~APPAN SHRI R.s Ltd. Madras SHRI M. INDIXN 9 BAHADUR NEW DEWI STANDARDS SHAH 110002 ZAFAR ?vIARC. Army Headquarters SHRI K. P. V. Bombay DR B. KAPOOR ( Alternate ) Burmah-Shell Oil Storage & Distributing Co of 8HRI hf. New Delhi SHRI RABINDER SINOH SHRI 0. New Delhi SERI S. RATRA ( Alternate ) ( Continued on page 2 ) BUREAU MANt\K OF BHAVXN. Ahmedabad SH~I DINE~H A. . C. R. P. Ministry of Railways ENCUNEER DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( ARCH ) ( Alternate ) Cent.1968 Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR ACID-RESISTANT BRICKS . PATEL MR J. DOCTOR SHRI K. Joo ( AIfernafe ) The Bhor Industries Ltd. NANDEEOLYAR Bengal ) Blaharashtra Engineering Research Institute. SRROFF ( Alternate ) National Buildings Organization. V. A.D. HAJ~ELA Ctm~~slBuilding Research Inetltute ( CSIR ).V. NA~AIUJAN. K. K. V. S. IS1 ( Ex-oficio Member ) SHBI L. Army Headquarters SEEI B. SBINI~A~AN ( Aftern&e ) Saar D. c. P. DB H. Flooring and Cementing BDCS:6 Materials Subcommittee. Sam ( AItemate ) SHBI K. Id. P. BEA1IKASho Rafrzq Sectional Committee. SAVKAR Bureau of Publio Enterprises (Ministry of SH~I L. New The Assooirted Chnent Is&au Drugs k 8IiEIH. Calcutta SEEI ANIL N. 181 Acid-kesitimg. IS1 Sa~x DmaaE A C~ossxu Areoy Iudustriee. Fliutrock Products Pvt Ltd.~RX. RAXACHANDBA RAO D Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ). G. SHRI G.NDINO SUEVEYOR op Centrel Public Works Department SuhVEYOE OP WORKS I TO SSW I ( Alternate ) SHEI R. Government of Madras SUPEEINTENDIN~ ( PLANNING & DEsxorrs ) DEPUTY 3mEp BNOINEEB ( BUILDINQ ) ( Alternate ) SU. Madras SHBI R. BEEL Companies Ltd. C. Bombay REPEE~ENTATIVE Indisn Refreotory Makers’ Association.N. BAX?SNtA DE L. VAB~BESE ( Alternate ) Indian Institute of Arohitects SHEI G. Finance ).’ MON*EIBO Gibe of India Ltd. Bombay PhsFmweutiosdo Ltd. SMDC 18. Director ( Civ Engg ) Director General. RAJADEYAIKSEA . Ahmedabad DE K. New Delhi Sam T. L.. Bombay SEEI 116. M&~Earsr ( Altermrc ) f3x~xA. e3:4860-1968 ( Continuedfrom page 1 ) Members SHEI E. CSan1 L. MIJBUQAPPAN Coroxueudel Prodorite Pvt Ltd. G. Calcuth SHBI K. BANERJEE ( A’!ernate ) Directorate Uenerh of Supplies dz Dispoeels . SELVAM . Netson Manufacturing Co. Bombay 2 . RAMACEANDEAN Representing National Teat House. SHAH . &JPTA Fertilimr Corporation of India Lt$ New Delhi DE 3%. SELvIl Bunrsu of PubNo Fiuauoe ) Enterprises (Ministry of &7ni5ers SHBIH. SHAEXA ENGINEER Public Works Department. GxxoeE Engineer-in-Chiefs Branch.B. shall be rounded off in accordance tiith IS : 2-1960*. 0. These bricks are made of raw materials. flint or sand. to prevent deterioration of the surface by acids except !hydrofluoric acid and perchloric acid. the final value. This has been met by referring to the IS0 Recommendation R 475-1966 ‘ Dimensions of rectangular refractory bricks ‘. lining ofsewers carrying industrial effluents. after the draft finalized by the Flooring and Plastering Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. observed or calculated expressing the result of a test or analysis.6 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with.3 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field in this country. and other chemicals. These bricks are-designed primarily for use in chemical and allied industries and are normally used with chemical resistant mortars.4 Assistance has also been rendered by the investigations carried out by Central Building Research Institute. felspar. This standard covers the requirements for bricks intended for use where minimum absorption is required and thermal shock and alkali resistance are not important service factors. FOREWORD 0. lining of chambers and towers in chemical plants.2 Acid-resistant bricks are used for masonry constructions. . etc.IS:4860- 1968 Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR ACID-RESISTANT BRICKS 0. 0. floorings subjectto acid attack. 0. 0. Roorkee.5 This standard contains a Note in Table 1 which permits the purchaser to use his option regarding requirement for resistance to wear of acid-resistant bricks.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 17 November 1968. such as clay or shale of suitable composition with low lime and iron content. 0. *Rules for rounding off numerical valuea 3 ( revised ). and vitrified at high temperatures in ceramic kilns. The number of significant places retained in the ‘rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. 4.1 This standard lays down requirements for acid-resistant bricks.The actual dimensions for acid-resistant bricks shall be as given below: 230 x 114 x 64 mm 2. Insert the measuring metallic wedge (see Fig.ThZ permissible tolerances on the dimensions specified in 2. DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES 2. as judged by the naked eye. 1 MEASURINO METALLXCI WEDGE 4 .IL&b-1968 1.When measured by the method described in 2.Place a straight edge flat over the brick resting on a plane surface so as to leave maximum gap betwee.1. 2. than the and . 2.2 Tolerances .n the straight edge and the surface of the brick.1 Dimensions .5 *2*0 Al. SCOPE 1. 1 ) in this gap and measure the maximum value: Fra.0 2. no surface shall depart from a plane surface by moie than2*5 mm at any point.4 Warpage .3 Shape and Size -The shape and size of brick other standard shall be as agreed to between the purchaser manufacturer.1 shall be as follows: Dimensions Tolerances mm mm 230 114 64 f3.the 2. .4.1 Measurement of Warp . 1. 4. These may also be used for skirtmg and lining of silos.These are recommended for fioors and working areas which are subject to occasional spillage of acids.2 Class II Bricks . Resistance to acid Loi. kg/cm*. true to shape. kg/ . Min C!oczye$.0 perpercent cent weer not exteed 2 mti Sh811 - Appendix D Appendix A of IS : 12371959. FINISH 3.1 The finished brick when fractured shall appear fine graincd in texture. Max ii) iii) iv) v) Flesursl strength. TABLE 1 PERFORMANCE REzRy&\MENTS c---- i) Water absorption. and also in heavy duty floors subject to frequent contact with corrosives.IS:4860-1968 3. . The brick shall be sound.1 The acid-resistant bricks shall be manufactured fying the requirements given in Table 1.5 teed 4. CLASSIFICATION 4.f.e strength. etc. +Spscifiabtion for cement concreta flooring tiles. OF ACID-RESISTANT RlqUIBEYEXT ------7 Chi ABAOTEBISTICI z:. flat and free from flaws and other manufacturing defects affecting their utility.1 Class I Bricks . dense and homogenous. fumes and contact pith dry chemicals as in fertilizer silos. 4. pickling tanks. in two classes satis- B’OU METXOD Or TEST ( REP TO APPIUHDIX) C18SS I Bricks C18Ss II Brioke 2 4 Appendix A loo 70 Appendix B 700 600 Appendix C pement. 4.1. NOTIU-The requirement for resistance to wear is only option81 snd shell be carried out if required by the purcheser. Reeiatsnce to we8r Aversge weight Loss in weight not shell not exexceed 1.These are recommended for severe types of corrosive environments as obtained in storage tanks. 1 Each brick may also be marked with the Stan&d Mark. . the test specimens shall be supported so as not to come in contact with the heated bottom of the container. During boiling. A-2. The details of conditions under which the licence for the use of Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards. 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder.2 The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of Bureau of Indian Standards Act. 7. manufac‘and year of manufacture.1 The weighed specimens shall then be immersed in distilled water in a suitable vessel and boiled for two hours. SAMPLING 6.APPENDIX A [ TubZe 1. IIIARKING 7.1.1. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 5. PREPARATION FOR WATER OF TEST ABSORPTION SPECIMEN A-I.) in a balance to an accuracy of 5 g. 7.1 ETch brick shall be legibly marked on the largest face ( 230 x 114 or his trade-mark.IS:4860-1968’ 5. PROCEDURE A-2.I A minimum of five whole bricks shall be dried for at least 6 hours in an oven maintained at 110 f 5°C and then transfeired for cooling to an oven maintained at about 30°C. After boiling the specimens shall be 6 . 6. Item (i) ] T&ST A-l.1 The bricks when tested appendices shall conform ’ in accordance with the methods given in the to the requirements specified in Table 1. The specimens shall then be weighed ( rY.1 The method of drawing representative samples of the acid-resistant bricks and the criteria for conformity shall be as given in Appendix E. mm ) with the name of the manufacturer turer’s batch number 7. 1.1 The individual test results shall be reported. Item (ii) ] TEST FOR FLEXURAL B-l. PROCEDURE B-2.W d shall be calculated as x 1()8 where WW = weight in g of the surface wiped specimen after 2 h boiling in distilled water and 20 h immersion in cold water. APPENDIX B [ Table 1. 2. The load shall be applied at a uniform rate not greater than 30 kg/min through bearer C. = weight in g of the oven-dry specimen. A-3.1 The test specimens shall be whole bricks the dimensions of which shall be measured to the nearest 1 mm. 7 . and w.. Bearer C shall be midway between bearers A and B measured horizontally and rests upon the surface of the specimen. The test specimens shall be immersed in water at 27 f 2°C for 24 hours. B-2. B and C as shown in Fig. A-3. CALCULATION ~i~~~The : water absorption of the specimen Percentage water absorption = &--w.I IS:4868-I968 allowed to remain immersed in water for 20 h. They shall be lifted and the excess water on the surface shall be removed by wiping the surface with a damp cloth and the specimens re-weighed ( W. The bearers shall be of mild steel 40 mm in diameter and shall be in the same horizontal plane and parallel to each other. ) to an accuracy of5g.1 The test specimen shall be placed centrally on self-aligning bearers A. PREPARATION STRENGTH OF TEST SPECIMEN 51. The distance between the bearers A and B at the lines of contact with the specimen shall be three-fourths of the length dimension of the brick. A minimum of five bricks shall be separately tested. 2 in millimetres.p. 8 and the flexural . and D = depth of the brick in cm. ARRANGEMENTOF LOADING B-3. L = span in cm. P = load in kg.I!S:4666-l!J66 SPECIMEN 7 64 1 All dim&ions Fro.crZ$ F = fiexural strength of the brick in kg/cm2.1 The individual strength calculated breaking load shall be recorded by the following formula: 3PL F= 2BD" **. B = width of the brick in cm. CALCULATION AND REPORT B-3. 2 The compressive strength of the brick shall be expressed in kg/cm*. CALCULATION AND REPORT C-3. A minimum of five bricks shall be immersed in water at 27 f 2°C for 24 h. Item (iii) ] TEST FOR COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH C-l.1 The maximum load at failure divided be taken as the compressive strength.1. by the area of brick shall C-3. C-3.1 The test specimens shall be whole bricks the dimensions of which shall be measured to the nearest 1 mm. The individual test results shall be reported.1 The bricks shall be taken out from water one at a time for testing. uniform rate of approximately 140 kg/cms/min until failure occurs.1 Crush the bricks to powder individually in a stoneware mortar.Is:48f50-1968 APPENDIX C [ Table 1. A D-1. PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMEN C-l.1 The test specimen shall be prepared from individual bricks. Item (iv) ] TEST FOR ACID RESISTANCE D-l. the centre of which coincides with the The load shall be applied axially at a centre of the face of the plate. APPENDIX D [ Table 1. PREPARATION OF TEsT SPECIMEN D-l. Take 30 g of powder of each brick which passes 850-m&on 9 . The brick shall be wiped dry and placed between two 3-plywood sheets or 2 asbestos sheets each approximately 3 mm thick and carefully centered between the plates of the compression testing machine. C-2. minimum of five bricks shall be tested. PROCEDURE C-2. The compression plate of the testing machine shall have a ball seating in the form of a portion of a sphere. Sulphuric Acid . The cycle of addition of fresh water.IS Sieve and is retained on 600-micron IS Sieve (see IS : 460-1962* ) for testing. The powder shall be washed free from dust as follows: Place 30 g of the specimen in a porcelain basin and add Place the basin on a sandbath about 150 ml of distilled water. PROCEDURE D-311 Weigh 25 g accurately to 0. Decant the water and rinse the particles with cold distilled water. CALCULATION AND REPORT D-4. tSpeci5cation for nitrio acid. Cool the basin and contents and decant the acid carefully. Add about 150 ml of cold distilled water and heat up to boiling and then decant. Cool the basin and its contents to 27 f 2°C. and heat the mixture in the basin to boiling. No particle shall be lost during the process. D-3. +Specifioationfor test sieve8 ( rcvfaed ).final weight in g x 100 Initial weight in g D-4. (Since revised). Place the basin and its contents on a sand bath and heat carefully. $$peoifiostionfor sulphuricacid ( revfsed ). Add a mixture of 7 ml nitric acid.01 g of the prepared specimen and place in a porcelain basin. Care shall be taken to avoid loss by spurting while boiling and heating shall be continued for one hour.conforming to IS : 266-1961$. Add 90 ml of distilled water and 10 ml of nitric acid.1 Loss in weight ( percent ) shall be calculated as follows: Initial weight in g . boiling and decantation shall continue until the decanted liquid is found to be free from sulphuric acid when tested with barium chloride solution.1. avoiding spurting. dry the sample in an oven maintained at 110°C to constant weight.1 The reagents used for the test shall be as follows: a) Concentrated b) Concentrated Nitric Acid . Repeat the heating process until the sulphuric acid again fumes. REAGENTS D-Z. till all nitric acid has evaporated and sulphuric acid starts fuming profusely. Dry the material to constant weight keeping it in an oven maintained at a temperature of 110°C. D-2. After the final de&nation. strongly.1 The individual test results shall be reported. 13 ml sulphuric acid and 65 ml distilled water. D-4.conforming to IS : 264-19507. IO . ..1 Each lot so formed shall be tested separately for ascertaining its conformity or otherwise to the requirements of the specification. Starting from any brick in the lot count them as 1.1 Lot .IS:4860-1968 APPENDI’X E ( Clause 6.cks to be selected at random from the lot shall depend upon the size of the lot and shall be in acc6rdance with co1 1 and 2 of Table 2. dimensions and tolerances ( see 2 ) and finish (sce3). 11 .2. E-1..2..In any consignment all the bricks of the same shape and size and from the same batch of manufacture shall be grouped together to constitute a lot.. E2. or DlersaTI.2 The number of bri. random number tables shall be used. In case such tables are not available the following procedure for selection may be adopted.1 ) SAMPLING OF ACID-RESISTANT BRICKS E-l.1 All the bricks selected as in E1. NUMBER OF TESTS AND CRITERION FOR CONFORMlTY E2.3. up to r and so on in one order. SCALE OF SAMPLING El.1 ( co1 2 of Table 2 ) shall be inspected for shape. El. TABLE 2 SCALE OF SAMPLING LOT SIZE UP’to (1) loo0 3 001 to 10 ooo loolto 3ooo Over 1oooo 8AXPLle pEByIllgl33~ SIZlC No.1. thus counted shall be withdrawn to give sample for inspection arId testing. where r is the integral part of N/n (N Every tth brick being the lot size and n being the sample size ).1 In order to ensure the randomness in the selection of bricks in the sample.2.Bmane (2) 60 (3) 2 126 30 200 6” 7 SIllI-UXPLE SXE (41 24 E 40 E1. manufacturer shall. If any of the samples of the second test fails to comply with the requirements specified in the standard then all the bricks in the batch represented by the samples shall be rejected. 12 . E-2. R-2.1.1 If the samples. a further similar set of samples shall be taken at random from the same batch and subjected to the tests.2 The lot having been found conforming to the characteristics mentioned in E-2. RE-TEST E3. A brick is considered as defective if it fails in respect of any one or more of these characteristics. when tested.2. 1968 . each having the same number of bricks.1 The lot shall be considered as conforming to the performance requirements’if the criteria given in Table 3 are all satisfied.IS : 4860 -. These bricks shall then be divided at random into four groups.group to resistance to acid test.1 shall then be tested for performance requirements ( see 5 and Table 1 ). and third group to compressive strength test and the fourth. - R-2.1The. One group shall be put to water absorption test. do not comply with the requirements specified in the standard. The number of bricks to be tested for these requirements shallbe chosen at random from those already selected in accordance with co1 4 of Table 2. E3. E-4. supply the purchaser with a certificate from a recognized laboratory stating that the acid-resistant bricks supplied by him conform to the requirements laid down in the standard. if required.1 The lot shall be considered as conforming to the requirements of these characteristics if the number of defective bricks does not exceed the permissible number as given in co1 3 of Table 2. CERTIFICATE E-4. the second group to flexural strength test. u&& end the average of the remaining epeoimene. thin retit &all be &. so0 43/-’ 4 peroent of the observations by the number of obaervat~. (R)is the differenaa between the largest end the emalleat obaervatione or tert m&r.. 700 w-’ iv) < 1’6 peroent Nom 1 - Average ( x) is obtained by dividin. NOT= 2 _ If a eingle teat result devistse from the average value by more than 16 roent. &all ba taken..nt 4-t 3 loo kg/am’ 7Ow=’ W fill . t I . BBIOrr (1) (7) 9 cspm. *he mm NOTB 2 - Range (8) . E . whoee devietion does not 8x OtxuY thin limit..TABLE 3 CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY FOR PERFORMANCE RRQB CLAfm I f “BZzTf No.. NEW DELHI 110002 Telegrams : Manakeanatha Talephones : 331 01 31. MADRAS 600113 tWostern : Manakalaya. Road. Scheme VII M. E9 MIDC. G. 205-A West High Court Road. 29. 36 24 99 Maniktola. 5th Byslane.O. 331 01 31 _[ 331 1375 NEW DELHI-1 i 0002 *Eastern : l/l4 C. Marol. T. R. 82/83. Bangalore Tumkur Road BAN G. Nc414/. Bombay 400007 SSalrr Office In Bangalore II at Unity Bulldlng. Bhadbhbda Road. Gupta Marg ( Nampally Station Road).I. lnolr . 1332 Shivaji Nagjar. Nararlmhrraja Squarr Bangalorr 560009 ‘t: ft R 1 41 2916 6 329295 26349 [ 26349 38 49 55 [ 38 48 56 66716 53627 3 31 77 23 1083 63471 [ 6 98 32 21 68 76 [ 21 82 92 62305 621 04 1621 17 251 71 52435 ¶7 60 00 89 66 91 LO36 11 PrInted lt Slmao Prlntlng Proer. 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg. Barua Road. P.ALORE 560058 Gangotri Complex. Lowis Road.B 302005 Saryodaya Nagar. T. Palayam TRlVAN~M695035 lnspectlon w-(With Sale Point) : Pushpanjali. University P. PATNA 800013 T. Ward No. 331 13 75 ( Common to all offices) Regional Olflces: Telephones Central : Manak Bhavan.1&21. Manak Bhavan. NAGPUR 440010 Institution of Engineers ( India ) Building. C Scheme. GUWAHATI 781003 5-956C L. BHOPAL 462003 Plot No. 9 Bchadur Shah Zafar Mare. BHUBANESHWAR 751002 53/5.C. Shankar Nagar Square. T. AHMEDABAD 380001 SPaenya industrial Area. Grant Road. HYDERABAD 500001 R14 Yudhirter Marg. N. 1st Floor. I. Dolhl. Andheri (East). 21643 [ 31641 CHANDIGARH 160036 Southern : C. Campue.O. Calcutta 700072 tSalsr OfTlco in Bombay Is at Novrlty Chambera. I. CALCUTTA 700054 Northern : SC0 445-446. KANPUR 208005 Patliputra I%&~trial Estate. Khanpur.T. Sector 35-C. Nagar. PUNE 411005 *Sales Offlco in Calcutta II at 5 Chowrlnghrr Approach. 5th Floor. Prlneep Strret. BOMBAY 400093 Branch Offices: ‘Pushpak’ Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg.. JAIPUR 117/418.BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters. P. V. 1 st Stage.