44 Clicker Questions

CAMPBELLBIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece • Urry • Cain • Wasserman • Minorsky • Jackson 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion Clicker Questions by Roberta Batorsky © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Blood flukes are parasitic flatworms that live in the bloodstream of the host. The worm’s interstitial fluids are isoosmotic to the host’s blood, so which of these is/are true? 1. The worms lack flame bulbs, or have nonfunctional flame bulbs. 2. The worms have flame bulbs that are mostly active in performing osmoregulation. 3. The worms have flame bulbs that eliminate nitrogenous wastes. 4. The worms have flame bulbs whose role is to eliminate excess water that enters the worm by osmosis. a) b) c) d) e) 1 only 3 only 2 and 3 2 and 4 3 and 4 © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Blood flukes are parasitic flatworms that live in the bloodstream of the host. The worm’s interstitial fluids are isoosmotic to the host’s blood, so which of these is/are true? 1. The worms lack flame bulbs, or have nonfunctional flame bulbs. 2. The worms have flame bulbs that are mostly active in performing osmoregulation. 3. The worms have flame bulbs that eliminate nitrogenous wastes. 4. The worms have flame bulbs whose role is to eliminate excess water that enters the worm by osmosis. a) b) c) d) e) 1 only 3 only 2 and 3 2 and 4 3 and 4 © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Under which circumstance should reabsorption of water from kidney filtrate back into the bloodstream be most effective? a) if neither ADH nor aldosterone is present in circulation b) if both ADH and aldosterone are present in circulation c) if ADH, but not aldosterone, is present in circulation d) if aldosterone, but not ADH, is present in circulation e) if renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone are present in circulation, but not ADH © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. but not aldosterone. is present in circulation d) if aldosterone. but not ADH © 2014 Pearson Education. Inc. and aldosterone are present in circulation. . but not ADH. angiotensin II.Under which circumstance should reabsorption of water from kidney filtrate back into the bloodstream be most effective? a) if neither ADH nor aldosterone is present in circulation b) if both ADH and aldosterone are present in circulation c) if ADH. is present in circulation e) if renin. Inc. proximal tubules. ascending limbs of the loops of Henle. 4. 2. descending limbs of the loops of Henle.Animals that can produce exceptionally concentrated urine should be expected to have nephrons with longer 1. distal tubules. 3. . a) b) c) d) e) 1 only 3 only 1 and 2 1 and 4 all four of these © 2014 Pearson Education. ascending limbs of the loops of Henle. descending limbs of the loops of Henle. proximal tubules.Animals that can produce exceptionally concentrated urine should be expected to have nephrons with longer 1. 3. distal tubules. Inc. . 2. 4. a) b) c) d) e) 1 only 3 only 1 and 2 1 and 4 all four of these © 2014 Pearson Education. interstitial fluids there become isoosmotic to blood b) NaCl and KCl. Inc. this promotes better retention of water © 2014 Pearson Education.Which two solutes become more abundant in the kidney medulla’s interstitial fluid as one progresses deeper into the medulla. this promotes maximal chloride ion retention c) HCO3− and H+. . this produces pH-neutral interstitial fluids d) urea and KCl. less urea is actually excreted than is possible e) urea and NaCl. and what is the significance of these two gradients? a) urea and NaCl. . and what is the significance of these two gradients? a) urea and NaCl. interstitial fluids there become isoosmotic to blood b) NaCl and KCl. this promotes maximal chloride ion retention c) HCO3− and H+. this produces pH-neutral interstitial fluids d) urea and KCl. Inc. less urea is actually excreted than is possible e) urea and NaCl.Which two solutes become more abundant in the kidney medulla’s interstitial fluid as one progresses deeper into the medulla. this promotes better retention of water © 2014 Pearson Education. posterior pituitary gland b) aldosterone. kidneys © 2014 Pearson Education.In kidneys. adrenal medulla c) renin. adrenal cortex e) ADH. and what is the source of this hormone? a) ADH. which hormone is most effective at causing increased numbers of aquaporins to be present in collecting duct epithelia. . Inc. kidneys d) aldosterone. which hormone is most effective at causing increased numbers of aquaporins to be present in collecting duct epithelia. kidneys © 2014 Pearson Education. adrenal cortex e) ADH. kidneys d) aldosterone. posterior pituitary gland b) aldosterone. Inc. and what is the source of this hormone? a) ADH. adrenal medulla c) renin. .In kidneys. © 2014 Pearson Education. assisted by enzymes and requiring energy. Inc. c) processes by which animals control solute concentrations and balance water gain and loss. d) processes that cells and viruses use to regulate the way that the information in genes is turned into gene products.Osmoregulation is the a) enhancement or amplification of an effect by its own influence on the process that gives rise to it b) movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration. . Inc. d) processes that cells and viruses use to regulate the way that the information in genes is turned into gene products. .Osmoregulation is the a) enhancement or amplification of an effect by its own influence on the process that gives rise to it b) movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration. © 2014 Pearson Education. c) processes by which animals control solute concentrations and balance water gain and loss. assisted by enzymes and requiring energy. Inc.Which of the following is not associated with the production of urine? a) proximal tubule b) loop of Henle c) distal tubule d) collecting duct e) Malpighian tubules © 2014 Pearson Education. . Which of the following is not associated with the production of urine? a) proximal tubule b) loop of Henle c) distal tubule d) collecting duct e) Malpighian tubules © 2014 Pearson Education. . Inc. to have on urine volume? a) increase urine volume b) decrease urine volume c) no effect on urine volume © 2014 Pearson Education.What effect would you expect the drug furosemide. Inc. which blocks transport of Na+ and Cl− in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. . which blocks transport of Na+ and Cl− in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Inc.What effect would you expect the drug furosemide. . to have on urine volume? a) increase urine volume b) decrease urine volume c) no effect on urine volume © 2014 Pearson Education. Inc. c) In reptiles. © 2014 Pearson Education. allowing mammals to eliminate waste without losing excess water.or hypoosmotic to body fluid. b) In birds. e) Marine bony fishes have more and larger nephrons than freshwater fishes. the juxtamedullary nephrons can concentrate urine. . the kidneys have only cortical nephrons and produce urine that is iso.Which of the following is not an adaptation of the vertebrate kidney to diverse environments? a) In mammals. the nephrons have loops of Henle that don’t extend as far into the medulla as those of mammals. and their nephrons also lack a proximal tubule. d) Freshwater fish have kidneys containing many nephrons and produce filtrate at a high rate. the nephrons have loops of Henle that don’t extend as far into the medulla as those of mammals. © 2014 Pearson Education. Inc. allowing mammals to eliminate waste without losing excess water. and their nephrons also lack a proximal tubule. the kidneys have only cortical nephrons and produce urine that is iso. c) In reptiles. b) In birds. the juxtamedullary nephrons can concentrate urine.or hypoosmotic to body fluid.Which of the following is not an adaptation of the vertebrate kidney to diverse environments? a) In mammals. e) Marine bony fishes have more and larger nephrons than freshwater fishes. . d) Freshwater fish have kidneys containing many nephrons and produce filtrate at a high rate. e) The regulatory role of ANP is under investigation.Which of the following statements about atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is incorrect? a) The walls of the heart release ANP in response to a decrease in blood volume and pressure. Inc. c) ANP inhibits the reabsorption of NaCl by the collecting ducts. . d) ANP reduces aldosterone release from the adrenal glands. © 2014 Pearson Education. b) ANP inhibits the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA). d) ANP reduces aldosterone release from the adrenal glands. . c) ANP inhibits the reabsorption of NaCl by the collecting ducts. e) The regulatory role of ANP is under investigation. © 2014 Pearson Education. Inc.Which of the following statements about atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is incorrect? a) The walls of the heart release ANP in response to a decrease in blood volume and pressure. b) ANP inhibits the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA). similar to conditions in their natural habitat. the mice also had unlimited access to tap water.Scientific Skills Exercises Nine captured mice were housed in individual cages and given birdseed (10% water by weight) to eat. For each mouse at the end of each part of the study. in part B of the study. Inc. the researchers measured the osmolarity and urea concentration of the urine and blood. © 2014 Pearson Education. In part A of the study. they were not given any additional water for 35 days. . c) There is little difference in urine osmolarity between the two groups of mice. Inc. © 2014 Pearson Education. b) Urine osmolarity is much higher in the mice given no water. How does urine osmolarity compare between the two treatment groups? a) Urine osmolarity is much higher in the mice with unlimited access to water. .The table shows the data from the experiment. Inc. b) Urine osmolarity is much higher in the mice given no water. How does urine osmolarity compare between the two treatment groups? a) Urine osmolarity is much higher in the mice with unlimited access to water. .The table shows the data from the experiment. c) There is little difference in urine osmolarity between the two groups of mice. © 2014 Pearson Education. b) Blood osmolarity is much higher in the mice given no water. Inc. © 2014 Pearson Education. . c) There is little difference in blood osmolarity between the two groups of mice.How does blood osmolarity compare between the two treatment groups? a) Blood osmolarity is much higher in the mice with unlimited access to water. © 2014 Pearson Education.How does blood osmolarity compare between the two treatment groups? a) Blood osmolarity is much higher in the mice with unlimited access to water. b) Blood osmolarity is much higher in the mice given no water. . Inc. c) There is little difference in blood osmolarity between the two groups of mice. . b) Urea concentration in urine is much higher in the mice given no water.How does urea concentration in urine compare between the two treatment groups? a) Urea concentration in urine is much higher in the mice with unlimited access to water. Inc. c) There is little difference in urea concentration in urine between the two groups of mice © 2014 Pearson Education. b) Urea concentration in urine is much higher in the mice given no water. © 2014 Pearson Education. . Inc. c) There is little difference in urea concentration in urine between the two groups of mice.How does urea concentration in urine compare between the two treatment groups? a) Urea concentration in urine is much higher in the mice with unlimited access to water. © 2014 Pearson Education.How does urea concentration in blood compare between the two treatment groups? a) Urea concentration in blood is much higher in the mice with unlimited access to water. . b) Urea concentration in blood is much higher in the mice given no water. Inc. c) There is little difference in urea concentration in blood between the two groups of mice. © 2014 Pearson Education. . c) There is little difference in urea concentration in blood between the two groups of mice.How does urea concentration in blood compare between the two treatment groups? a) Urea concentration in blood is much higher in the mice with unlimited access to water. b) Urea concentration in blood is much higher in the mice given no water. Inc. the blood osmolarity is about the same in the two treatment groups. c) No. © 2014 Pearson Education. b) Yes.Does this data set provide evidence of homeostatic regulation? a) No. the blood osmolarity and urea concentration in urine are about the same in the mice with unlimited access to water. d) Yes. Inc. but the urine osmolarity is not. there is little difference in urea concentration in blood between the two treatment groups. . the urine osmolarity is greater than the urea concentration in urine in both treatment groups. b) Yes. © 2014 Pearson Education. there is little difference in urea concentration in blood between the two treatment groups. Inc. . d) Yes. the blood osmolarity and urea concentration in urine are about the same in the mice with unlimited access to water.Does this data set provide evidence of homeostatic regulation? a) No. the blood osmolarity is about the same in the two treatment groups. the urine osmolarity is greater than the urea concentration in urine in both treatment groups. c) No. but the urine osmolarity is not. . what is the ratio of urine osmolarity to blood osmolarity? a) 1:1 b) 1:4 c) 14:7 d) 43:4 © 2014 Pearson Education.For mice with unlimited access to water. Inc. what is the ratio of urine osmolarity to blood osmolarity? a) 1:1 b) 1:4 c) 14:7 d) 43:4 © 2014 Pearson Education. Inc.For mice with unlimited access to water. . what is the ratio of urine osmolarity to blood osmolarity? a) 1:1 b) 9:6 c) 14:7 d) 245:5 © 2014 Pearson Education.For mice with no access to water. . Inc. For mice with no access to water. Inc. . what is the ratio of urine osmolarity to blood osmolarity? a) 1:1 b) 9:6 c) 14:7 d) 245:5 © 2014 Pearson Education. © 2014 Pearson Education. the mice produce highly concentrated urine. what conclusion can you draw about the sandy inland mouse? a) When provided with unlimited access to water. Treatment Group Ratio of urine osmolarity to blood osmolarity Unlimited access to water 1:4 . d) With no access to water. b) With no access to water. the mice produce highly concentrated blood. no matter how much water they have access to. Inc. c) The mice always produce highly concentrated urine.By comparing these ratios. the mice produce highly concentrated urine. Treatment Group Ratio of urine osmolarity to blood osmolarity Unlimited access to water 1:4 . d) With no access to water. what conclusion can you draw about the sandy inland mouse? a) When provided with unlimited access to water. © 2014 Pearson Education.By comparing these ratios. b) With no access to water. c) The mice always produce highly concentrated urine. the mice produce highly concentrated urine. no matter how much water they have access to. the mice produce highly concentrated urine. the mice produce highly concentrated blood. Inc. How would that difference in urine production affect your ratio calculations for the two groups? (Remember that the ratio is urine osmolarity divided by blood osmolarity. d) The ratios for both groups would decrease. c) The ratio for the mice with unlimited access to water would increase.) a) The ratios for both groups would increase. . e) The ratios for both groups would stay the same. Inc. © 2014 Pearson Education. b) The ratio for the mice given no access to water would increase.Suppose that the mice with unlimited access to water produced more urine than the mice given no access to water. b) The ratio for the mice given no access to water would increase. © 2014 Pearson Education. How would that difference in urine production affect your ratio calculations for the two groups? (Remember that the ratio is urine osmolarity divided by blood osmolarity. Inc. .) a) The ratios for both groups would increase. e) The ratios for both groups would stay the same. c) The ratio for the mice with unlimited access to water would increase. d) The ratios for both groups would decrease.Suppose that the mice with unlimited access to water produced more urine than the mice given no access to water.