4 - Transformadores de Tensión Capacitivo

Alstom GRIDTransformadores de Tensión Capacitivo André Fernando da Silva 20/08/2012 Agenda 1st topic Finalidad de un TPC Page 3 2nd topic Circuito equivalente y Cálculo de los errores Page 12 3rd topic Tipos constructivos y partes constituyentes Page 16 4th topic Como especificar um TPC (Guia) Page 50 5th topic Accesorios y Conclusión © ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited. Page 74 Transformadores de Potencial Capacitivo Finalidad de un TPC Definición Los Transformadores de Tensión Capacitivos (CVT ) son equipos cuya finalidad es reproducir en su circuito secundario una señal de tensión proporcional a la tensión del circuito primario. • Para facturación de energía y protección en redes de alta tensión; • Aplicaciones de onda portadora (transmisión de datos utilizando la red eléctrica). © ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited. Divisor de Potencial Capacitivo para Sistema de Indicação © ALSTOM 2010.Histórico • En el pasado. is strictly prohibited. Reproduction. divisores capacitivos eran utilizados para la obtención de señales de tensión para sistemas indicativos y de señalización y de comunicación a través de la alta tensión. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. All rights reserved. use or disclosure to third parties. without express written authority. Capacitor de Acoplamento para Comunicação . Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. without express written authority.Histórico • Buscando el aumento de la potencia de la carga y una mejor precisión. el divisor de tensión capacitivo se desarrolla desde su forma mas simple hasta el actual transformador de tensión capacitivo (CVT). use or disclosure to third parties. © ALSTOM 2010. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. All rights reserved. . Reproduction. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved. use or disclosure to third parties. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. un TP y un Condensador de Acoplamiento. © ALSTOM 2010. is strictly prohibited.Ventajas • Ejecuta la función de dos equipos. economizando estructuras y consecuentemente espacio. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. . Reproduction. without express written authority. Ventajas • Siendo utilizados para medición o protección son mas económicos que el TP para clases de tensión igual o superiores a 170kV. Conocido como sistema OPLAT (onda portadora en linea de alta tensión). telecomando y protección. sinales eléctricos para operaren equipamientos de telemetria. dependiendo de las características de precisión y carga. is strictly prohibited. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction. utiliza la liena de transmissión al invés de cables telefónicos para hacer comunicación entre subestaciones. • Con base en el sistema OPLAT. • Son equipados con accesorios de sistemas de ondas portadoras para seren usados en sistemas de comunicación. use or disclosure to third parties. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. permite la emissión y recepción de voz. . © ALSTOM 2010. without express written authority. . • Si la respuesta transitoria requerida por la norma de fabricación del CVT es suficiente para la actuación correcta de los relés de protección. Reproduction. © ALSTOM 2010. el TPC no es capable de disipar la energía. • Desempeño en régimen transitorio y en la ferroresonancia (ambos solucionados por dispositivos internos). All rights reserved.Desventajas • La respuesta del circuito secundario es mas lenta comparada al TP durante un cortocircuito secundario y cortocircuito primario. • No es aplicable para descarga de línea en vacio. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. is strictly prohibited. visto que seu primario es un capacitor y no una bobina de cobre como el TP convencional. use or disclosure to third parties. entonces los costos entre el CVT y el TP deben ser comparados. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. without express written authority. P2 S2 . No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction. without express written authority. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. is strictly prohibited. use or disclosure to third parties. All rights reserved.Diferencia de circuito: TP x TPC Transformador de Potencial Inductivo P1 S1 Transformador de Potencial Capacitivo P1 S1 P2 S2 © ALSTOM 2010. CVT en el Sistema Eléctrico Deben ser conectados entre los dos puntos del circuito de transmisión donde hará la comunicación. All rights reserved. . without express written authority. © ALSTOM 2010. Reproduction. use or disclosure to third parties. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. is strictly prohibited. Transformadores de Potencial Capacitivo Circuito equivalente y Cálculo de los errores . without express written authority. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Rw Z Carga U2 . use or disclosure to third parties. All rights reserved. is strictly prohibited.Circuito Equivalente del TPC CE Lp Rp Ls Rs Lµ Uo © ALSTOM 2010. is strictly prohibited. use or disclosure to third parties. Reproduction.Circuito Equivalente del TPC • Rp = Resistencia primaria del TPI + resistencia representa pierdas en el hierro y cobre de la indutancia de ajuste LA + pérdidas dieléctricas de C1 y C2. All rights reserved. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. . without express written authority. • Lp = Inductancia de ajuste LA + Inductancia de fuga del primario del TPI • Lµ = Inductancia equivalente a las perdidas dewattadas del circuito magnético del TPI • Rw = Resistencia equivalente a las perdidas wattadas del circuito equivalente del TPI • Ls = Inductancia de fuga del secundario del TPI • Rs = Resistencia del secundario del TPI • Z = Carga conectada en el secundario del TPC © ALSTOM 2010. P  1  ε% = − . use or disclosure to third parties. All rights reserved. R cos ϕ ω L + −  2  ωC e U 2 N      senϕ     • Error de fase:  3438. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose.Cálculos de los errores • Error de relación:  100. Reproduction.    cos ϕ     . Rsenϕ −  ωL − 2  ωC e U 2 N   © ALSTOM 2010.P  1  ψ min % = − . without express written authority. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. is strictly prohibited. Transformadores de Potencial Capacitivo Tipos constructivos y partes constituyentes . No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. All rights reserved. without express written authority. Reproduction. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice.Línea de Productos • Condensadores de Acoplamiento 72kV hasta 765kV − OCCF • Transformadores de Potencial Capacitivos 72kV hasta 765kV − OTCF © ALSTOM 2010. use or disclosure to third parties. is strictly prohibited. . • Cn de 1750 hasta 37500pF. ANSI/IEEE. • Capacidad térmica hasta 1500VA. use or disclosure to third parties. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. without express written authority. . is strictly prohibited. © ALSTOM 2010. • Excelente respuesta a transitorios. • Capacidad de resistencia sísmica. • Aislamiento en laminas de Al/pelicula de prolipropileno/papel kraft-aceite de alta calidad.Características generales • Un: 72. Reproduction. • Cumplimiento con IEC.5kV hasta 765kV. NBR o normativas equivalentes. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. All rights reserved. Tipos Constructivos Hasta 170kV . is strictly prohibited. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. use or disclosure to third parties.2 módulos © ALSTOM 2010. without express written authority. .1 módulo 245kV ≤Un≤362kV . All rights reserved. Reproduction. los CVT son transportados en la posición vertical.Tipos Constructivos 420kV ≤Un≤550kV . Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction. .3 módulos • Los equipos de 765kV presentan 4 módulos. use or disclosure to third parties. without express written authority. • La utilización de módulos es para hacer el transporte. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. © ALSTOM 2010. is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved. Tipos Constructivos © ALSTOM 2010. is strictly prohibited. Reproduction. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. use or disclosure to third parties. . All rights reserved. without express written authority. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. All rights reserved. use or disclosure to third parties. . Reproduction.Partes Constituyentes Columna Capacitiva TTI Inductivo © ALSTOM 2010. is strictly prohibited. without express written authority. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. . is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved. Reproduction. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. without express written authority.Partes constituyentes © ALSTOM 2010. use or disclosure to third parties. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. Elementos del capacitor: forman la columna capacitiva © ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. uno para cada modulo. Reproduction. use or disclosure to third parties.Terminal primario: 4 agujeros NEMA (aluminio fundido). without express written authority.Cubierta del fuelle en aluminio fundido. 5.Fuelle de expansión en acero inoxidable. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. is strictly prohibited.Resorte de compresión: sirve para dar resistencia mecánica a los pacotes dentro del aislador. Tienen la función de controlar la presión del aceite. 3. 2. . Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice.Conexión aislada de voltaje: Conecta el ultimo elemento al flange. 6.Partes constituyentes 1. 4. para no alterar la capacitancia. use or disclosure to third parties.Fuelle de expansión © ALSTOM 2010. is strictly prohibited. without express written authority. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose.3. . All rights reserved. Reproduction. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. © ALSTOM 2010. • Las capas de papel kraft sirven como agente de succión para asegurar una impregnación homogénea del aceite sintético. Reproduction. use or disclosure to third parties. without express written authority. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. . láminas de aluminio y papel dieléctrico kraft.6. All rights reserved. is strictly prohibited.Elementos del capacitor • Los elementos del capacitor tienen una mezcla de material dieléctrico que consiste en capas alternadas de película de polipropileno. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. 2 eletrodos dielectrico © ALSTOM 2010.6. is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved. without express written authority. use or disclosure to third parties. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice.Elementos del capacitor • La relación papel/película/ lámina Al se determina cuidadosamente a fin de proporcionar una capacitancia constante para diferentes temperaturas. . • Los elementos capacitivos están conectados con laminillas de cobre estañado de baja inductancia. Reproduction. 6- Elementos del capacitor • Los elementos son enrolados con precisión en máquinas controladas por microprocesadores. © ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited. 6- Elementos del capacitor Placa para sujetar Placa de contacto Contactos Elemento capacitivo Cinta de fibra de vidrio • Elementos capacitivos individuales y uniformes que están conectados en serie através de una laminilla de cobre estañado. • Una placa de carton prensado en cada extremo sujeta todos los elementos capacitivos. Luego se comprime hidráulicamente y se unen con cinta de fibra de vidrio epóxica a fin de obtener el factor de espacio óptimo para los requisitos de capacitancia y circulación del aceite. • Una placa de conexión ubicada en cada extremo se utiliza para mantener la continuidad entre cada agrupamiento capacitivo. © ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited. 6- Elementos del capacitor • Los conjuntos de elementos capacitivos son presionados hidraulicamente y conectados con una fita de fibra de vidrio y resina epoxica. • Conectase el pasamuro fundido en resina epóxica: permite la pasaje de tensión para alimentar el transformador © ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited. Partes constituyentes Columna capacitiva • Es un divisor de tensión que proporciona un voltaje reducido en el pasamuro del TP intermedio para una determianda voltaje aplicada en el terminal primario; • Ofrecer un camiño para el señal de alta frecuencia; • Es un paquete de unidades (elementos) múltiples de condensadores; • Cada paquete está alojado en un aislador individual; • Cada columna está herméticamente cerrada: fuelle de expansión; • Están acopladas mecánicamente mediante un resorte de compresión en el topo de la columna y la conexión de tensión es hecha por los flanges; © ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved. 9.Partes constituyentes 7. en la parte final de la columna capacitiva. © ALSTOM 2010. is strictly prohibited. use or disclosure to third parties.Dispositivo de supresión de ferroresonancia. 8.Conexión de la terminal (HF) de alta frecuencia (caja sec. without express written authority. . Reproduction. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose.Aislador: porcelana o compuesto. 10. 11.Terminales secundarios. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice.Conexión de la toma del divisor de tensión: 11/V3kV que alimenta el transformador dentro del tanque. 12.Pasamuro fundido en resina epoxica: permite la pasaje de tensión para alimentar el transformador.). Reproduction.Caja de terminales en aluminio.Partes constituyentes 13. © ALSTOM 2010. without express written authority. 15.Sellador de resina: aceite/aire. 18.Placa de cierre del tanque. 16. . No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. 14. 17. El tanque está lleno de aceite y ubicado en la base de la columna capacitiva.Reactor de compensación. donde está alojada la unidad electromagnética (UEM).Dispositivos de toma de muestras de aceite. 19. use or disclosure to third parties.Indicador de nivel de aceite ubicado en el tanque => proyecto standard. All rights reserved.Transformador intermedio. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. is strictly prohibited. • Unidad electromagnética: aceite mineral nafténico Nitro 4000A. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. © ALSTOM 2010. • Unidades capacitivas: aceite sintético SAS-60E (excelente propiedades para llegar a valores de Cn deseables) tiene propiedades superiores de absorción de gases. .Partes constituyentes Aceite Aislante • Los aceites aislantes utilizados presentan propiedades como: capacidad dieléctrica. is strictly prohibited. estabilidad contra el envejecimiento y absorción de gases. lo que resulta en bajas descargas parciales con altos niveles de tensión de aparición/extinción. without express written authority. use or disclosure to third parties. • Los aceites son libres de PCBs. Reproduction. el mismo utilizados en los TC’s y TP’s. Aumenta Cn sin aumentar la columna cap. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. All rights reserved. Presenta baja viscosidad. mejor impregnación. • En la base del tanque hay un tapón de purga del aceite. © ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Reproduction. • Se aloja en un tanque-base con tapa. ambos de aluminio fundido. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. use or disclosure to third parties. without express written authority. • El tanque-base se llena con aceite mineral tratado y sellado herméticamente del aire ambiente y del aceite sintético de las unidades del capacitor. is strictly prohibited. . Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice.Partes constituyentes Unidad Electromagnética (UEM) • Disminuye el voltaje intermediario proporcionado por el divisor de tensión a valores apropiados para aplicaciones de protección y medición. 6. Llave de aterramiento de pot. Reproduction. without express written authority.. . 8. 9. use or disclosure to third parties. 3. Terminales secundarios. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. 4. 7. Terminal primario. sobretensiones. Resistencia de amortiguamiento. Dispositivo de supresión de ferroresonancia. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. Terminal de tierra. Terminal de onda portadora (AF). 2. 10. abrir en caso de prueba © ALSTOM 2010. is strictly prohibited. 5. Transf. Dispositivo de prot. All rights reserved. Voltaje intermedio. Reactor de compensación.Circuito Equivalente del CVT 1. Esquema Electrico 1. All rights reserved. without express written authority.Transformador de Potencial Indutivo 8.Circuito de Amortecimento 9.Coluna Capacitiva 2. is strictly prohibited. Reproduction. use or disclosure to third parties.Bobina de Bloqueio 6.Gap para atuação do enrolamento auxiliar R © ALSTOM 2010.Chave de aterramento de Carrier 5. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice.Reator de Compensação 10.Bobina de Drenagem 3. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose.Chave de aterramento do Circuito Magnético 7.Gap para proteção da bobina 4. . All rights reserved. © ALSTOM 2010. is strictly prohibited. presente una atenuación conforme norma de <=0. use or disclosure to third parties. without express written authority.Accesorios para onda portadora (caja de terminales sec. atuando para sobretensiones > 3500V. . • La bobina es calculada para que junto con Cn del TPC. • La llave de aterramiento del carrier (4) debe aterrar el sistema de carrier para manutención o cuando este no estiver en operación. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice.) • Bobina de drenaje (2) hecha con nucleo y arrollamiento de cobre sirve para orientar el señal AF (sistema carrier).5 dB (evitar ruídos) dentro de los valores de frecuencia de carrier estipulados. • El gap de la bobina de drenaje (3) debe protegerla de surtos de tensión. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction. 2. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. is strictly prohibited. Reproduction. use or disclosure to third parties. without express written authority. All rights reserved.Bobina de drenaje © ALSTOM 2010. . alimentar el circuito de supressión de ferroresonancia y aislamiento galvanico. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. . © ALSTOM 2010. without express written authority. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. • El TP (7) sirve para bajar la tensión intermediaria a valores normalizados. All rights reserved. • La llave de aterramiento del circuito magnético (6) sirve para aterrar la parte magnética para manuntención o cuando esta no está siendo utilizada. use or disclosure to third parties. Reproduction.Accesorios para onda portadora (interior del tanque) • Bobina de bloqueo (5) debe bloquear el señal de alta frecuencia para tierra cuando el TP está aterrado y bloquear el señal de AF para el TP. is strictly prohibited. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. el otro es activado solamente cuando el reactor satura. © ALSTOM 2010. • Un resistor es permanente. Reproduction. . que presenta una impedancia muy alta en condiciones normales pero que activa un resistor de amortiguamiento en el secundario a un voltaje prescrito y desactiva la carga amortiguadora cuando el voltaje se ha normalizado. is strictly prohibited.Dispositivo de supresión de ferroresonancia • La capacitancia inerente y la unidad eletromagnéctica con el núcleo de hierro exigen la supresión de ferroresonancia. without express written authority. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. All rights reserved. • El DSF contiene un reactor saturable que actua como una llave.8. use or disclosure to third parties. Dispositivo de supresión de ferroresonancia © ALSTOM 2010. is strictly prohibited. . Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction. without express written authority.8. use or disclosure to third parties. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. • La protección contra sobretensiones se logra mediante un explosor (gap) de protección (10) conectado en paralelo a las reactancias en serie. Reproduction. .Reactor de compensación • Reactor de compensación: reactancia en serie cancela el erro de fase producida durante la transformación del voltaje en el divisor de tensión capacitivo. • Inductancia en fase con capacitancia equivalente del divisor capacitivo => Z=0 • Un juego de tomas internas en el reactor y en el TPI son usados para los ajustes de precisión y ángulo de defasaje en fábrica. All rights reserved. use or disclosure to third parties. without express written authority. También sirve para reducir los efectos transitorios. is strictly prohibited.9. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. © ALSTOM 2010. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice.9. is strictly prohibited. . No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction. without express written authority. All rights reserved. use or disclosure to third parties.Reactor de compensación © ALSTOM 2010. Esto evita la condensación en la caja terminal y elimina la necesidad de utilizar un calentador. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. © ALSTOM 2010.Caja de terminales secundarias • Material: Aluminio fundido. is strictly prohibited. . Reproduction. without express written authority. use or disclosure to third parties. All rights reserved. • La zona de la caja se calienta por transferencia térmica del tanque lleno de aceite. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. without express written authority. Reproduction.Partes constituyentes © ALSTOM 2010. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. All rights reserved. . is strictly prohibited. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. use or disclosure to third parties. . los TPC’s son suministrados con un eletrodo de aluminio para garantizar la performance de aislamiento. © ALSTOM 2010. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. is strictly prohibited. Reproduction. without express written authority. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. use or disclosure to third parties.Supresión del efecto corona • Para niveles de tensión iguales o superiores a 245kV. without express written authority. • Máximo esfuerzo aplicado a los terminales de la Trampa de Onda © ALSTOM 2010. • Velocidad del viento en el local de instalación.Instalación de Trampa de Onda en la parte superior del CVT Para verificar la posibilidad de instalación de una Trampa de Onda la parte superior del CVT deben ser llevados en consideración: • Las dimensiones de la Trampa de Onda (altura y diámetro). • Cuantas trampas de onda (1. • Sismicidad. is strictly prohibited. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. All rights reserved. Reproduction. use or disclosure to third parties. pues una presenta interferencia en la otra.2 o 3) serán instaladas. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. . © ALSTOM 2010.Instalación de Trampa de Onda en la parte superior del CVT • Las trampas de onda sirven para direccionar el señal de un TPC para otro. use or disclosure to third parties. is strictly prohibited. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. . without express written authority. • Es necesario suminsitrar una placa de adaptación y retirar el terminal primario. All rights reserved. Reproduction. • Para no dejar que el señal de alta frecuencia escape de la región delimitada de comunicación. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. Transformadores de Potencial Capacitivo Como especificar un TPC (Guia) . • Ferro resonancia. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. © ALSTOM 2010. • Respuesta al cortocircuito primario. • Clase de precisión y Potencia Térmica. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. . Reproduction. All rights reserved. is strictly prohibited. • Capacitancia y rango de frecuencia de Carrier (TPC) • Tensión primaria nominal y Factor de Tensión. without express written authority. use or disclosure to third parties. • Ventajas y desventajas. frecuencia y Clase de Tensión. • Calculo de los errores.Guía de una especificación • Normas que se aplican • Niveles de aislamiento. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice.1/99 – Coulpling Capacitor Voltage Transformers © ALSTOM 2010. without express written authority.Normas que se aplican 1. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. All rights reserved. IEEE ( Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) IEEE C93. . IEC ( International Eletrotechnical Comission) IEC 61869-1 – Requisitos generales IEC 61869-5 – Capacitive Voltage Transformers Sustitui IEC 60044-5/04 – Capacitive Voltage Transformers 2. is strictly prohibited. Reproduction. use or disclosure to third parties. Reproduction. use or disclosure to third parties. All rights reserved. without express written authority. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. . la tensión más elevada del sistema dónde el CVT será instalado y de acuerdo a la norma.Tensión máxima y niveles de aislamiento • La tensión máxima del equipo debe ser como mínimo. • Niveles de aislamiento son valores estándar y deben ser definidos con base en la clase de tensión de servicio del circuito en el que el CVT será instalado. y así representados: NA: tensión soportable nominal a la frecuencia industrial/ tensión de choque de rayo/ tensión de impulso de maniobra* * Establecido para tensión arriba de 245kV © ALSTOM 2010. is strictly prohibited. . is strictly prohibited. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. without express written authority. Reproduction. All rights reserved. valores en kV Tensión máxima del equipo ( Um) Tensión soportable a la frecuencia industrial 1 min Tensión soportable de choque de rayo Tensión de impulso de maniobra 72. use or disclosure to third parties. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose.5.5 140 325 - 100 185 450 - 185 450 - 230 550 - 230 550 - 275 650 - 275 650 - 325 750 - 395 950 - 460 1050 - 395 950 750 460 1050 850 460 1050 850 510 1175 950 570 1300 1050 630 1425 1050 630 1425 1050 680 1550 1175 880 1950 1425 975 2100 1550 123 145 170 245 300 362 420 525 765 © ALSTOM 2010.Tensión máxima y niveles de aislamiento • Según Norma IEC-60044. . All rights reserved. without express written authority.Tensión máxima y niveles de aislamiento • Según Norma IEEE C93.1. valores en kV Tensión máxima del equipo ( Um) Tensión soportable a la frecuencia industrial 1 min Tensión soportable de choque de rayo Tensión de impulso de maniobra 72. is strictly prohibited. Reproduction. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice.5 140 350 - 185 450 - 230 550 - 145 275 650 - 170 325 750 - 395 900 - 460 1050 - 575 1300 825 750 1675 1175 800 1800 1175 920 2500 1425 123 245 362 550 800 © ALSTOM 2010. use or disclosure to third parties. without express written authority. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice.3WXY . All rights reserved. Servicio da medición IEEE • 0. Reproduction.Potencia y clase de precisión Servicio de medición IEC • 30VA.2 . use or disclosure to third parties. © ALSTOM 2010.cos ϕ =0.8 • 30VA = Potencia aparente nominal • CL 0.3 = Clase de precisión garantizada con 90% hasta 110% de la tensión nominal con carga desde cero ( 0 ) hasta la carga nominal.2 = Clase de precisión garantizada con 100% y 25% de la potencia nominal con 80% y 120% de la Vn. .9 • WXY = Potencia aparente 75VA • 0. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose.cos ϕ =0. is strictly prohibited. Cl 0. 0 40 1. © ALSTOM 2010.5 20 0.2 0.2 3. con la frecuencia nominal.0 No especificado No especificado • El CVT de medición debe mantener su precisión. use or disclosure to third parties. All rights reserved. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction. con carga secundaria entre 25% y 100% de potencia secundaria nominal.2 10 0. without express written authority.5 0.1 0.1 5 0.6 1. .3 0. para tensiones entre 80% y 120% de la tensión nominal. is strictly prohibited. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice.0 3.15 0.0 1.Potencia y clase de precisión Servicio de medición IEC Defasaje ± CLASE DE PRECISIÓ PRECISIÓN Porcentaje del error ± Minutos Centiradianos 0. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose.6 E rro re s de C o rrie nte C on 100% In y 110% Un Mínimo 0.988 Máx imo 1. without express written authority.012 .3 0.994 0. All rights reserved. C on 10% de Un Mínimo 0.006 © ALSTOM 2010.Potencia y clase de precisión Servicio de medición IEEE C L A S E DE PREC IS IÓ N 0.003 1. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. is strictly prohibited. Reproduction.994 Máx imo 1.006 1. use or disclosure to third parties.997 0. Potencia y clase de precisión Servicio de la protección IEC • 30VA. All rights reserved. without express written authority. Reproduction. Con 2% de la tensión nominal el error debe ser dos veces el error nominal de la clase.85 • El TPC tiene un error de tensión menor que 1. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. Los errores deben ser mantenidos con 25% y 100% de la potencia nominal.2R . No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose.. use or disclosure to third parties.cos ϕ =0.cos ϕ =0.2% desde 90% hasta 110% de la tensión nominal con la potencia nominal desde cero ( 0 ) hasta 75VA. 3P . © ALSTOM 2010.8 • El TPC tiene un error de tensión menor que 3% desde 5% hasta el factor de tensión nominal veces la tensión nominal. is strictly prohibited. Servicio de la protección IEEE • 1.WXY . . 2 a 61.6 Hz 97 a 103% fN 58.4 a 60. Reproduction. is strictly prohibited.4 a 60. .2 Hz) -25 a +40°C ANSI Não possui variação 58 a 62 Hz -40 a +45°C ABNT (Projeto) 99 a 101% fN 59. use or disclosure to third parties.8 Hz -5 a +40°C © ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice.6 Hz) 96 a 102% fN (57.6 a 61. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose.Classe e Carga de Exatidão A Classe e a Carga de Exatidão devem ser garantidas nas seguintes condições: Variações da freqüência Norma Variações na Temperatura Ambiente Medição Proteção IEC 99 a 101% fN (59. without express written authority. use or disclosure to third parties. Reproduction. All rights reserved.Capacidad máxima Factores de influencia en la capacidad máxima del equipo y consecuentemente el costo: • Clase y carga de precisión. • Capacitancia nominal. is strictly prohibited. without express written authority. • Frecuencia. • Número de devanados secundarios. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. © ALSTOM 2010. • Factor de sobretensión. . No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. • La clase de precisión no es garantizada para la potencia térmica. without express written authority. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. is strictly prohibited.nom. • La norma ABNT (Brasil) menciona como calcular la Pth: Pth = ( Fst ) 2 * máx. © ALSTOM 2010. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. .Potencia Térmica • Es la potencia máxima que el TP debe soportar sin exceder el límite de elevación de temperatura de acuerdo a la norma a la cual ha sido especificado. Reproduction. use or disclosure to third parties. All rights reserved. pot. without express written authority. is strictly prohibited. Además el rango de frecuencia que de acuerdo a la norma debe ser entre 30 y 532 kHz. © ALSTOM 2010.Capacitancia Nominal y Frecuencia de Carrier • Capacitancia nominal: es el valor nominal de la capacitancia de la columna. Reproduction. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. . All rights reserved. • La perdida de la señal por inserción de la bobina de drenaje debe ser menor que 0. ya que su interés es que la señal de CARRIER inyectado en el extremo de la línea llegue con suficiente intensidad al otro extremo. • Él responsable por la elección de la capacitancia mínima del CVT es el Ingeniero de comunicaciones. • Capacitancia mínima para que las pierdas no influencien la comunicación del sinal. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose.5dB. use or disclosure to third parties. use or disclosure to third parties.5 OTCF 123 OTCF 145 OTCF 170 OTCF 245 OTCF 300 OTCF 362 OTCF 420 OTCF 550 OTCF 765 SR.II.Capacitancia Nominal y Frecuencia de Carrier • Capacitancia nominal: cuanto > aislador.SI. Tipo (Um(kV)) OTCF 72. is strictly prohibited.EM 37500 22500 18800 16200 11250 9400 8100 6250 5400 4000 .SM IR. without express written authority. ER. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. < capacitancia.IM Capacitancia (pF) 12500 16700 7500 10000 6250 8300 5250 6700 3750 5000 3150 4150 2650 3350 2100 2770 1750 2250 - © ALSTOM 2010. Reproduction. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. All rights reserved. • Se no especificado utilizase de 30 hasta 532kHz © ALSTOM 2010. Reproduction. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved. without express written authority. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice.Faja de Frecuencia de Comunicación • Es el rango de frecuencia que será utilizado para la comunicación. use or disclosure to third parties. . Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice.000/ √3 / 110/ √3 V
230. without express written authority.1Un continuo y 1. entre fase y tierra.
IEC => 1. is strictly prohibited. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose.2Un continuo y 1.000/√3 / 115 √3 V
138. del sistema donde el equipo será instalado.000 √3 / 115/115√3 V • El factor de tensión debe ser especificado de acuerdo a la norma y las condiciones de puesta a tierra del local de instalación del CVT. use or disclosure to third parties.5Un por 30 segundos
IEEE => 1. Reproduction. All rights reserved.
69.4Un por 30 segundos © ALSTOM 2010.Tensión primaria-secundaria nominal y factor de tensión • La tensión primaria nominal debe ser la tensión nominal. . f=60Hz Norma IEC 60044-5 138. Reproduction.5Un por 30 segundos Pth=800VA (total). without express written authority. use or disclosure to third parties.000/√3 .2. is strictly prohibited. Cl 0.115/115/√3 (2x) 50VA. All rights reserved.2Un continuo y 1. .Ejemplo de una especificación Transformador de Tensión Capacitivo 145kV. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice.1. CL 3P Carga simultanea=100VA FT . 50VA. Cn=6300pF Nivel de contaminación: 25 mm/kV Altitud: < 1000 msnm © ALSTOM 2010. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Régimen Transitorio Los CVT están sometidos a dos condiciones de transitorio: • La Ferro Resonancia que aparece principalmente en la apertura de un cortocircuito secundario. All rights reserved. © ALSTOM 2010. Reproduction. without express written authority. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. . • Al tiempo de recuperación o respuesta a un Cortocircuito Primario. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. use or disclosure to third parties. is strictly prohibited. Régimen Transitorio • La causa de las oscilaciones es debido al hecho del equipo ser constituido por elementos capacitivos. © ALSTOM 2010. Reproduction. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. without express written authority. All rights reserved. . una vez que pueden ocasionar sobretensiones elevadas que pueden deteriorar el CVT y los equipos a él conectados. inductivos y resistivos. • Estas oscilaciones son inadmisibles. use or disclosure to third parties. is strictly prohibited. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. is strictly prohibited.Efecto de la Ferro Resonancia • Ocurrido un cortocircuito secundario y estando el CVT energizado. toda la energía almacenada en los elementos capacitivos es bruscamente descargada. All rights reserved. para eso sirve el circuito de supresión de Ferro resonancia. use or disclosure to third parties. • Esta energía se disipa haciendo el núcleo del TP y del reactor saturar. Reproduction. criando una corriente de circulación en el primario del TP que se refleja en el secundario. • Después del cambio de cierre del interruptor. © ALSTOM 2010. . No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. el interruptor de protección del secundario actúa eliminando este cortocircuito. without express written authority. © ALSTOM 2010. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. is strictly prohibited. Reproduction. All rights reserved. • Para suprimir estas oscilaciones se coloca una impedancia de amortiguamiento de bajo valor. . without express written authority. • Esto ocasiona oscilaciones en el circuito. use or disclosure to third parties.Efecto de la Ferro Resonancia • El producto de esta corriente por la impedancia primaria causa una sobretensión en la unidad electromagnética. haciendo con que las inductancias del TP satúrense y el dispositivo de protección contra sobre tensiones actúe. eliminando las oscilaciones y el efecto de la Ferro Resonancia. que no desaparecen al menos que el CVT sea desconectado del sistema. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. con la finalidad de disipar la energía almacenada. . No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. use or disclosure to third parties. Reproduction. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice.Corrente Secundária Tensão Secundária Tensão Primaria Efecto de la Ferro Resonancia © ALSTOM 2010. is strictly prohibited. without express written authority. All rights reserved. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. is strictly prohibited. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. without express written authority.Respuesta al Cortocircuito Primario Cortocircuito Tensão Secundária Tensão Primária Presenta una respuesta menos rápida que los TP’s. © ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. . use or disclosure to third parties. Reproduction. siendo importante hacer un estudio real del tiempo de respuesta necesario para el sistema de protección. Transformadores de Potencial Capacitivo Accesorios . without express written authority. use or disclosure to third parties. is strictly prohibited.Accesorios • Accesorios ya inclusos (standard) • Accesorios conforme solicitación © ALSTOM 2010. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. All rights reserved. . No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction. use or disclosure to third parties. All rights reserved. is strictly prohibited. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction. without express written authority. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose.Accesorios ya incluidos • Indicador del nivel de aceite en la unidad electromagnética • Válvula para retirada de muestra de aceite • Membrana metálica par expansión del aceite de la columna capacitiva (acero inoxidable) • Dispositivo para izamiento • Conector de puesta a la tierra • Terminal primario (4 agujeros NEMA Al) © ALSTOM 2010. . without express written authority. Reproduction. . No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. is strictly prohibited. llave carrier.Accesorios ya incluidos • Caja de terminales secundarios • Placas de identificación y diagramático • Dispositivo contra sobre-tensiones en la unidad electromagnética • Llave de puesta a la tierra del TP • Dispositivo supresor de ferroresonancia • Bobina de drenaje. terminal HF (se no solicitados pueden ser sacados) © ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. use or disclosure to third parties. . Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. All rights reserved. without express written authority. use or disclosure to third parties. Reproduction. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose.Accesorios conforme solicitación • Mini-interruptores de protección del secundario. is strictly prohibited. con o sin contacto de alarme • Termostato • Caja secundaria bipartida con dispositivo para lacre de la caja secundaria © ALSTOM 2010. Accesorios conforme solicitación • Tipo de material del terminal primario • Agujeros para entrada de cables en la caja secundaria • Indicador de nivel de aceite para cada modulo capacitivo © ALSTOM 2010. . No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. without express written authority. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction. All rights reserved. is strictly prohibited. use or disclosure to third parties. Reproduction. is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved. use or disclosure to third parties. without express written authority. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. .Accesorios conforme solicitación • Pintura de las partes metálicas • Conector primario • Rango de cables para el conector de puesta a la tierra • Sub-base con entre-eje de fijación especial • Adaptador para la Trampa de Onda (suministrado en sustitución al terminal primario) © ALSTOM 2010. Transformadores de Potencial Capacitivo Conclusión . Reproduction. .Aumento del Costo del equipo • Número de devanados • Clase e carga de precisión (individual y simultanea) • Capacitancia nominal • Condiciones especiales de instalación • Accesorios extras © ALSTOM 2010. without express written authority. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. All rights reserved. is strictly prohibited. use or disclosure to third parties. use or disclosure to third parties.¡Muchas Gracias! Ing.com © ALSTOM 2010. without express written authority.silva@alstom. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. is strictly prohibited.AIS Tel. André Fernando da Silva Sales Specialist . 55 35 3629-7094 Fax:(35) 3629-7007 andre-fernando. All rights reserved. Reproduction. .