Abrasive Systems CatalogueProven products… you can DEBURRING DEBURRING put through SUPERFINISHING SUPERFINISHING the grind DE DE -- SCALING/ SCALING/ CLEANING CLEANING GRINDING GRINDING & & FINISHING FINISHING 3M, USA, is a $23 Billion, diversified , technology driven company known for it's innovation across the world with leading positions in a broad range of markets. Over 100 years ago, we introduced the first abrasive (sandpaper), to the world. Today, we market around 72,000 products world-wide in about 140+ countries and own more than thirty technology platforms. 3M India Ltd is the Indian arm of 3M™ and has been in the country for the last 16 years, marketing around 2400 products in India with leading positions in Industrial markets, Healthcare, Transportation, Consumer & Office, Display & Graphics, Safety, Security and Protection Services, Electronics & Communications. 3M India, Abrasives Systems Division leverages the vast abrasives technology expertise from our parent company. Our customer base spans across Metalworking, Auto parts, Woodworking, Engineering markets. 3M™ abrasive products have a fast, consistent cut throughout the product life, and are safe to use, minimize heat discoloration and gouging, reduce tool down time, and are easy to use and reduce operator fatigue. Our sales approach is consultative which helps you to enhance productivity, obtain a higher quality of end product, lower rejection levels, and choose the right product for specific applications. 2 Deburring 3 Scotch-Brite™ Wheels The industry standard and most complete selection of surface conditioning wheels provide customers with the highest level of performance and value. 3M continues to set the pace in developing non-woven wheels, as it has for more than four decades, with new and advanced technology while continuously improving its existing product line. In addition, customers are supported by 3M Innovation Centers around the world, staffed by Technical Service teams dedicated to increasing customers’ productivity, reducing manufacturing costs and helping them stay ahead of their competition. Scotch-Brite™ Wheels: • Improve surfaces without significantly changing the shape or dimension of the workpiece • Are well-suited for cleaning, blending, deburring, finishing and polishing • Help prevent undercutting or gouging through their controlled abrasive action • Provide consistent, uniform finishes as fresh abrasives are continually exposed to the work surface • Run cool and resist loading due to their open web construction, reducing the risk of part discoloration and warping while extending the life of the wheel 4 unitized This choice will often be dictated by the part configuration. Refer to the specific description page for availability. • Density– The number may be the same (i. The “edge” of the web becomes the cutting tool. unitized will be more aggressive and durable. The wheels are one directional– indicated by an arrow on the side of the wheel and arrows printed in the core. 6 density) but the unitized wheel will always act harder and be less conformable. • Wheel size availability is often a factor when making this selection. tool speed. The "flat" of the web becomes the cutting tool. Exceptions depend on product type.Factors to consider when choosing a starting point for your application: • Composition of workpiece and material type • Material hardness • Desired results to be achieved • Size and shape of the work piece–area to be conditioned • Part variability • Tool/machinery type. Unitized is a layered construction with a selection of center hole sizes and no core.e. • Convolute wheel selection is 4"-24" diameter. • Unitized wheel size selection is 1/2"-14" diameter and from 1/8"-1" wide. including speed capability • Previous and possible subsequent abrasive steps Scotch-Brite™wheels can show value when replacing: • Steel wool • Conventional coated abrasives • Hand files • Carbide burrs • Hand knives and scrapers • Sand blasting • Wire brushes • Tampico and bristle brushes • Buffs and compounds • Rubber bonded wheels • Set-up wheels Selecting convolute vs. Performance ranking of wheels by general category MORE AGGRESSIVE HIGHER EDGE DURABILITY HARDER WHEEL COARSER SCRATCH • CLEAN & STRIP • SF WHEEL • CUTTING & POLISHING • METAL FINISHING* • MULTI-FINISHING* • EXL DEBURRING & FINISHING* • LIGHT DEBURRING* • GENERAL PURPOSE* • SF • EXL DEBURRING & FINISHING* • LIGHT DEBURRING* • CPM • CUTTING & POLISHING • GENERAL PURPOSE* • METAL FINISHING* • MULTI-FINISHING* • CLEAN & STRIP • SF • CLEAN & STRIP • EXL DEBURRING & FINISHING* • CUTTING & POLISHING • LIGHT DEBURRING* • METAL FINISHING* • GENERAL PURPOSE* • MULTI-FINISHING* • CLEAN & STRIP • METAL FINISHING* • MULTI FINISHING* • CUTTING & POLISHING • EXL DEBURRING & FINISHING* • LIGHT DEBURRING* • SF WHEEL • GENERAL PURPOSE* SOFTER WHEEL FINER SCRATCH LESS AGGRESSIVE * Scotch-Brite™ brand LOWER EDGE DURABILITY 5 . Exceptions depend on product type. wheel size availability. 1/2"-36" wide. Basic performance differences: • Grade for grade– Convolute will tend to produce a finer finish. The wheels are non-directional. Convolute is a wrapped construction on a standard sized core. or other fixed circumstances. EX2. EX3 Deburring and Finishing Wheels Designed for top performance and value on a variety of critical deburring and finishing applications. The unique resin system helps to minimize smearing and the wheels show superior performance on stainless steel. The EXL family of convolute wheel products is especially well suited for a broad range of deburring and finishing needs. 8 density in 1/8" minimum 2. 9 8 8 Silicon Carbide Silicon Carbide Aluminum Oxide FIN MED MED Hardest Diameters: 4" minimum Widths: 3/8"-36" in 4. Product Name 6 Density Mineral Type EXL Unitized 2 2. finishing • General use deburring Scotch-Brite™ EXL Unitized Wheels An excellent choice for deburring and polishing of all metal alloys as well as many plastics and composites. 6 2. 6.Scotch-Brite™ EXL. 8" diameters 1/2"-36" in 10. Product Name EXL Density Mineral Type Grade 8. 4. The 8 density in EXL. 6. EX2. 6. 9 8 8 Silicon Carbide Silicon Carbide Aluminum Oxide FIN MED MED Harder EX3 8. deburring • Gun barrels–polishing • Golf club heads–polishing. 6. 4 density in 1/4" minimum 1" maximum all diameters Grade VFN FIN FIN MED CRS XCS 14" maximum Typical • Weld cleaning applications: • Finishing threaded parts • Turbine blade polishing • Metal stampings 24" maximum . EX2 or EX3 w heels should be selected for operations requiring a combination of deburring and finishing. There is a wide variety of densities and grades available from a very soft 2 density for applications requiring a conformable product all the way to a hard. 4. or EX3 wheels performs best in more severe deburring applications w here the wheel is consistently presented with a sharp edge. 8 8 2. 9 8 8 Silicon Carbide Silicon Carbide Aluminum Oxide FIN MED MED Hard EX2 8. 6 4. 3.Deburring and edge radius applications: • Jet blades – blending. 8 Silicon Carbide Silicon Carbide Aluminum Oxide Aluminum Oxide Aluminum Oxide Aluminum Oxide Diameters: 1/2" minimum Widths: 3. The 9 density in EXL. aggressive 8 density for maximum cut and durability. titanium and high nickel alloys. finishing. Like EXL convolute wheels they resist smearing and minimize heat buildup on the workpiece. 12" diameters 3/4"-36" in 14"-24" diameters Typical • Autocomponents . They perform well in a variety of metal working applications and machined parts where close tolerances are important. Reduces 1" inside diameter cores.200 Mandrel No. Designed for use with Scotch-Brite™ Unitized Wheels. Mounting system is interchangeable with Scotch-Brite™Surface Conditioning Discs and Coated Abrasive Discs. 8 8 2. Mandrel 936 2-1/16" x 1/4" x 3/4" Plastic Max RPM 22. 8 Aluminum Oxide Aluminum Oxide Aluminum Oxide MED CRS XCS Diameters: 2" and 3" Widths: NA Grade Typical • Deburring autocomponent parts applications: • Weld polishing • Deburring aircraft parts • Blending and finishing on a variety of metals. or wheels to fit shafts smaller than 1". 4. Min./ Case 1" x 1/2" 1" x 5/8" 1" x 3/4" 1 Pair 1 Pair 1 Pair Scotch-Brite™ Roloc™ EXL Unitized Wheels EXL Roloc™ Unitized wheels are strong and efficient for edge deburring and finishing. 936 & 946 Mandrel 946 1-3/4" x 1/4" x 1/2" Steel Max RPM 35. and composites 7 . 3 For use with 6" wheels. plastics. 6 Silicon Carbide FIN 2. or Roloc™ + holding systems. 990 Mandrel 990 1-3/4" x 1/4" Max RPM 18. 6. Roloc™ TS./ Case L x Shaft Dia. X Washer Dia.Mandrels Designed for use with Scotch-Brite™ Unitized Wheels. Changing wheels is quick and easy with Roloc™ TR.200 with 3" wheel 5 5 5 Flange Adaptor No. 6. flanges. Allow for use of both the edge and surface of the wheel without interruption of mounting hardware. 3. Mineral Type Product Name Density EXL Roloc Unitized 2.200 Mandrel No. OD x ID Min. Product Name Cutting and Polishing Wheel Density 5 7 Mineral Type Aluminum Oxide Aluminum Oxide Diameters: 4" Minimum Widths: 3/8"-36" in 4. blending forging marks. Light Deburring wheels are one of the few wheel products that are offered in convolute form only. and providing uniform grain finish. 8 density in 3/4"-36" 4"-12" diameters 12"-24" diameters 4. set-up wheels and abrasive flap wheels. Product Name Density Light Deburring 6. They produce uniform results quickly and easily and are often used to replace conventional abrasives such as rubber bonded wheels. Long lasting and aggressive. FIN MED. These wheels are excellent for removing defects. 8 Mineral Type Silicon Carbide Grade Diameters: 4" minimum 24" maximum Widths: 6 density in 1/2"-36" 6 density in 3/4"-36" 7. 12" diameters 3/4"-36" in 14"-24" diameters Grade FIN VFN. 7. 8 density in 1/2"-36" 7. removing coarse grindlines.Scotch-Brite™ Light Deburring Wheels Designed to provide a clean. 8" diameters 10. Cutting and Polishing wheels have demonstrated value in a variety of applications for metal rod and tube surfaces and are especially well suited for centerless finishing. blending machine mismatches. Cutting and Polishing wheels perform well on all kinds of tough blending and finishing jobs. 6. and are widely used for fine deburring and polishing because their conformability will maintain critical tolerances while still providing a fine polished finish. CRS 24" Maximum Typical • Blending of abrasive grind lines applications: • Centerless finishing machined parts • Conditioning of machined compressor shafts • Surface finishing of hand tools prior to plating 8 . 6. 8" diameters 1/2"-36" in 10. 8 density in 3/8"-36" 7. safe and economical system for removing fine burrs while providing a highly polished finish. 12" diameters 14"-24" diameters FIN Typical • Generation of fine finishes on components applications: • Deburring of fine threads • Finishing prior to buffing • Conditioning surface prior to welding on soft metals Scotch-Brite™ Cutting and Polishing Wheels Heavy duty wheels for aggressive blending and finishing. 9 7. densities and mineral types.6 VFN FIN MED ULF SFN VFN FIN MED Diameters: 4" minimum Widths: 3/4"-24" 4 density in 4"-24" diameters 3/8"-24" 5. 12" diameters 3/4"-24" 5. 6 density in 10. 8" diameters 1/2"-24" 5. 3/4". 6 density in 4.5. 1/4".6 4. General Purpose wheels are easier to use that buffs and compounds and other finishing abrasives and like all Scotch-Brite™ products.5. Cutting and Polishing unitized wheels can often be used to replace many conventional abrasive products such as rubber bonded wheels and small set up wheels.6 4.Scotch-Brite™ Cutting and Polishing Unitized Wheels Cutting and Polishing unitized wheels are long lasting and aggressive for heavy duty blending and finishing with uniform results.5.5.6 4. Product Name Density Mineral Type Aluminum Oxide Aluminum Oxide Aluminum Oxide Silicon Carbide Silicon Carbide Silicon Carbide Silicon Carbide Silicon Carbide Grade General Purpose 4.6 4. 5/8". Product Name Mineral Type Density Grade Cutting and Polishing Unitized Wheels 5 7. Layered “unitized” construction provides an excellent starting point for jobs requiring the availability of small diameters and narrow widths.6 4.6 4. 6 density in 14"-24" diameters 24" maximum Typical • Polishing jewelry prior to plating Applications: • Selective polish on nameplates • Polish bevel edge of furniture glass • Light oxide removal 9 .5. 1" 9 density in 1/8". 9 Aluminum Oxide Aluminum Oxide Silicon Carbide FIN MED. 1/2". 7 density in 1/8". 6.5. 1/2" 1" maximum all diameters 14" maximum Typical • Parting line removal applications: • Pipe thread deburring • Heavy-duty deburring of aerospace components Scotch-Brite™ General Purpose Wheels General Purpose wheels offer the greatest selection of grades.5. CRS MED Diameters: 1/2" minimum Widths: 5. 3/8".5. they produce consistent results.6 4. They are an excellent starting point when the application calls for fine finishing or cleaning. 1/4". 3/8". 5.Scotch-Brite™ General Purpose Unitized Wheels Much like General Purpose convolute wheels. even in the presence of metal burrs. and in two grades. 7 3. 7 3. 1/2". 1" 1" maximum all diameters 14" maximum Typical •Fine thread polishing applications: •Mold polishing •Jewelry polishing •Polishing turbine blades Scotch-Brite™ SF Finishing & Deburring Wheel for Cast & Forged Parts 3M has brought together two technologies to create a wheel that provides a great finish without smearing. Ask your distributor for details. pedestal grinders and back stand lathes.000 11S FIN 11S MED 8S FIN 6" x 1" x 1" 8S MED Max RPM 6. 5. 7 3. SF wheel can be ordered in any width. 8" and 12" diameters.000 11S FIN 11S MED 8S FIN 8" x 1" x 1" 8S MED Max RPM 4. but will still stand up to metal burrs. But as a convolute wheel with high density. 7 3. 7 Silicon Carbide Silicon Carbide Aluminum Oxide & Silicon Carbide Aluminum Oxide & Silicon Carbide Aluminum Oxide & Silicon Carbide Aluminum Oxide Grade ULF SFN VFN FIN MED CRS Diameters: 1/2" minimum Widths: 1/4". Designed for applications requiring fine finishes or light cleaning. 8 and 11. 8" and 12" diameters. with a soft feel and a resistance to smearing. Size Grade 8S FIN 6" x 1/2" x 1" 8S MED Max RPM 6. Scotch-Brite™ SF Wheel works great on stainless and mild tool steel. 5. blending and finishing into one operation. SF wheel can tackle three surface finishing elements — combining deburring.000 Scotch-Brite™ SF Wheel is available in two densities. 5. 10 . In some applications. it cuts fast and has a long wheel life. Scotch-Brite™ SF Wheel is a finishing wheel at heart. Medium and Fine. Available in 6". 3/8". this unitized product offers a wide selection of grades and densities. 5. General Purpose unitized wheels are always a good starting point when the part shape or size calls for small diameters or narrow width product. In 6". 3/4". it can be used on bench motors. Product Name General Purpose Unitized Wheels Mineral Type Density 3. 5.500 11S FIN 11S MED 12" Specify wheel width Max RPM 3. 5/8". 7 3. low speeds are desired for generating very uniform satin finishes. They will conform more readily to surface contours along with generating a more uniform finish. it is important to s elect t he p roper s peed for a particular operation and work piece. 3. are to be used for the more difficult blending. reduce heat resulting in longer product life and greater cut. surface roughness c an be reduced. cleaning and deburring operations. 7. Recommended Operating Speeds Decorative Finishing 500-3000 SFPM Composites/Soft Materials 1200-2700 SFPM Cleaning and Conditioning 2000-5000 SFPM Pre-polishing 2000-7000 SFPM Oxide Removal 4500-6500 SFPM Deburring 5000-6500 SFPM Blending / Polishing 6000-8000 SFPM Cutdown prior to buffing 7000-8500 SFPM Lubricant– Coolant Coolants. 2. for finishing aluminum alloys without lubricants. life. Surface Speed Conversion Chart RPM at Arbor or Spindle 2 4 Daimetre of Wheels 6 8 10 12 Surface Speed in Feet Per Minute (SSPM) 14 16 18 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 52 105 157 209 262 314 367 419 471 524 576 628 681 733 785 838 890 942 995 1047 1100 1152 1204 1257 1309 1361 1414 1466 1518 1571 1676 1780 1885 1990 2094 104 208 312 416 520 630 735 837 942 1047 1152 1256 1361 1466 1571 1675 1780 1885 1989 2094 2199 2304 2408 2513 2618 2722 2827 2932 3037 3141 3351 3560 3769 3979 4188 157 314 471 628 785 940 1100 1256 1413 1570 1727 1884 2042 2199 2356 2513 2670 2827 2984 3141 3298 3455 3612 3770 3927 4084 4241 4398 4555 4712 5026 5340 5654 5969 6283 364 728 1092 1456 1820 2195 2560 2932 3298 3665 4031 4398 4764 5131 5497 5864 6230 6597 6963 7330 7696 8063 8429 8796 9162 9529 9895 10262 10629 10996 11729 12462 13193 13927 14661 419 838 1257 1676 2094 2513 2932 3351 3770 4189 4608 5027 5445 5864 6283 6702 7121 7540 7959 8378 8796 9215 9634 10053 10472 10891 11310 11729 12148 12566 13404 14242 15080 15917 16755 471 942 1414 1885 2356 2827 3299 3770 4241 4712 5184 5655 6126 6597 7069 7540 8011 8482 8954 9425 9896 10367 10839 11310 11781 12252 12723 13195 13666 14137 15080 16022 16965 17907 18850 207 414 621 828 1045 1255 1465 1675 1885 2094 2304 2513 2723 2932 3142 3351 3560 3770 3979 4189 4398 4608 4817 5027 5236 5445 5655 5864 6074 6283 6702 7121 7539 7958 8377 260 520 780 1040 1310 1570 1835 2094 2356 2618 2880 3142 3404 3666 3927 4189 4451 4713 4975 5236 5498 5760 6022 6284 6545 6807 7069 7331 7592 7854 8378 8901 9425 9948 10472 314 628 942 1256 1570 1885 2200 2513 2827 3141 3455 3769 4084 4398 4712 5026 5340 5650 5969 6283 6497 6911 7225 7540 7854 8168 8482 8796 9110 9425 10053 10681 11309 11938 12566 11 . 6. 4. the softer products.Factors Affecting Performance Product Surface Speed Because product speed has a significant effect on performance (cut. Product Hardness (Density) 3M™ wheels are available in a number of densities or hardnesses. it is desirable to use lubricants or coolants whenever possible. are used for decorative finishing. and 5 density. This high speed will result in faster cut along with finer finishes. 8. i. and finish). High speeds are recommended when it is desired to remove or blend surface imperfections. The higher viscosity lubricants produce lower surface roughness. The harder products..e. and for use on composite or other soft material applications. Generally. Generally. grease produces a finer surface finish than oil. and 9 density. In automatic or semi-automatic operations. In the case of most oils or tallow lubricants. like water and some water soluble oils. 100 12.800 14" x All 3.500 15.500 4.100 12.100 18.100 35.100 30. 3S 2A.000 18.000 12.200 2.000 15.100 35.100 16.500 18.000 4.600 3.100 15.100 22.500 3. and size: diameter x width x core size.100* 14.000 7" x All 8.000* 14.450 2.100 40.500 -- 20.100 11⁄2" x All 30.000 10" x All 5.900 2.000 18.400 2.100 2" x 1⁄4"-1⁄2" 24.100 3.500 12.100 9.500 4.100 18.100 16.400 4.100 12.100 14.500 3" x 1⁄4" 18.100 12.500 5.100 16.100 15.000 3.000 1.000 12.200 4.100 8.100 20. 8 x Width) GP-UW ST-UW ST-UW 3 5.000 3.100 15.100* 12.100 12.100 18.000 4.000 14.100 25.600 2.100 20.800 4.100 40.100 10.000 4.800 4.100* 12.000 10.100 20.000 7.500 4.500 6" x All 10.000 7.000 10.500 3" x 1⁄2" 18.100 10.450 2.500 3.100 16.500 Ordering Instructions Specify product code or product name.300 3.100 18.100 25.000 3.100* 10.200 3.500 9. 8S FIN.500 15.000 5.100 21⁄2" x 1⁄2" 22.000 7.100 25.100 12.100 9.500 8.750 2.000 7.750 3.100 35.100 18.100 30.100 20.100 3" x 1⁄8" 18.000 Diameter All Wheels (rpm) 14" 16" 18" 20" 24" 2.100 16.100 18.100 22.000 6.500 4.100* 10.500 4.100 22.000 6.100 30.500 5.800 1.200 3.100 13" x All 3.200 2.000 3.000* 14.200 3.500 18.800 3.100 8.000 4.000 5.250 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 12 .500 10.000 -- 18.750 11" x All 4.600 3.100 16.000 6.100* 14.100 12.100 -- -- 18.000 2.500 18.200 2.000 6.500 3.100 35.100 15.500 3.650 3.100 16.450 2.100 20.750 4.900 3.000 7.500 3" x 3⁄4"-1" 18.100 10.500 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 19" x All 2.550 2.100 22.100 -- 18.100 18.100* 12. 8" X 1" X 3” Unitized Wheels Maximum Operating Speeds (RPM) Size BP-UW CS-UW CP-UW (Diameter XL-UW XL-UW XL-UW 2S. grade.000 15.200 2.100 20.100 40.000 6. 4A XCS 4.100 2" x 3⁄4"-1" 24.100 35.000 5.100 20.250 2.100 35.100 12.200 2.000 12.500 9.100 30.500 5.100 15.100 20. 7 MF-UW Except 4A XCS Less than 1” 40.100 20.650 15" x All 3.500 5.100 12.000 3.100 12.600 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 18" x All 2.100 8.000 2.500 5.000 9.000 12.500 4.000 5.000 6.500 6.100 18.000 4.000 3.100 12.100 35.000 4.100 35.000 12. mineral type. 8" x 1" x 3" or XL-WL.100 22.100 12.500 7.100 20.100 14.500 4" x 1⁄8"-1⁄2" 14.100 40.100 15.000 4.000 6.000 5.000 4" x 3⁄4"-1" 14.100 15.100 20.000 7.100 10.100 8.100 18.500 3.200 2.300 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 20" x All 2.100 18.400 2.100 30.100 18.000 5.500 3.100 8.000 3.100 3" x 3⁄8" 18.100 21⁄2" x 3⁄8" 22.Convolute Wheels Maximum Operating Speeds (RPM) Diameter All Wheels (rpm) 4" 6" 8" 10" 12" 9.100 14.500 3.100 -- -- 20.800 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 17" x All 2.100 18.400 12" x All 4.100 -- 20.100 10.100 14.750 2.000 5" x All 12.100 25.500 3.100 21⁄2" x 1⁄4" 22.000 12.100 16.100* 10.100 18.000 8" x All 7.100 18.100 15.100 22.000 4. Example: Scotch-Brite™ EXL Deburring Wheel.100 14.000 9.100 -- 1" x All 35.100 40.100 21⁄2" x 1⁄8" 22.500 5.500 9" x All 6.000 6.100 21⁄2" x 3⁄4-1" 22. 6.100 3.000 9.000* 12. 8S FIN.100 10.100* 18.100 10.000 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 16" x All 2.100 14.100 16.100 30. 3/32" shank x 1/16" screw 3M Mandrel. 1/4" shank x 1/8" screw 3M Mandrel.1/16" . thin) Size Grade 9/16" x 1/16" 9/16" x 1/16" 9/16" x 1/16" 9/16" x 1/16" 9/16" x 1/16" 9/16" x 1/16" Colour 120 220 400 Pumice 6 micron 1 micron MOS (rpm) White Red Blue Pink Peach Light Green 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 3M Bristle Products Accessories Description Comments 3M Mandrel. 7Roloc + Button For both 2"& 3" discs For both 2"& 3" discs 1” Plastic buttons(red) and mandrels for 2 and 3" discs Tapered spindle adaptor.1/2" wide 3M Mandrel #991. polishing and cleaning surfaces easier than ever before. finishing. 27682 3M Radial Bristle Discs (curved. 3/32" shank x 1/8” screw Packaged with 1" discs Alternate to 27681 For quick release handpiece 3M Radial Bristle Discs (curved.1" wide 3M Roloc + Holder No. 1/8". 1/8" shank x 1/8" screw 3M Mandrel. They have been designed to deliver high quality finish and performance with the added advantage of a safer operating environment. 3M™ Bristle Products 3M Radial Bristle Discs (curved. thin) Size Grade 2" x 3/8" 2" x 3/8" 2" x 3/8" 2" x 3/8" 2" x 3/8" 2" x 3/8" 2" x 3/8" Colour 80 120 220 400 Pumice 6 micron 1 micron MOS (rpm) Yellow White Red Blue Pink Peach Light Green 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 3M Bristle Products Accessories Description Comments 3M Mandrel #990. 3/32" shank x 1/16" screw 3M Mandrel. blending. 3/4". thick) Size Grade 1" x 1/8" 1" x 1/8" 1" x 1/8" 1" x 1/8" Colour 36 50 80 120 MOS (rpm) Dark Brown Green Yellow White 35000 35000 35000 35000 3M Bristle Products Accessories Description Comments 3M Mandrel. thin) Size Grade 3/4" x 1/16" 3/4" x 1/16" 3/4" x 1/16" 3/4" x 1/16" 3/4" x 1/16" 3/4" x 1/16" Colour 80 220 400 Pumice 6 micron 1 micron MOS (rpm) Yellow Red Blue Pink Peach Light Green 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 35000 3M Bristle Products Accessories Description 3M Mandrel. 1/4" shank x 1/16" screw Comments Comes with 9/16" & 3/4"discs Alternate to 27680 Alternate to 27680.3M™ Bristle Products are abrasives that make deburring. 27682 3M Radial Bristle Disc (curved.1/2" wide For use on bench motors with tapered spindle shaft 13 . 1/8" shank x 1/16" screw 3M Mandrel. 1/4" shank x 1/16" screw Comes with 9/16" & 3/4"discs Alternate to 27680 Alternate to 27680. 1/8" shank x 1/16" screw 3M Mandrel. 1/16" . 3/4". thin) Size Grade 3" x 3/8" 3" x 3/8" 3" x 3/8" 3" x 3/8" 3" x 3/8" 3" x 3/8" 3" x 3/8" Colour 80 120 220 400 Pumice 6 micron 1 micron MOS (rpm) Yellow White Red Blue Pink Peach Light Green 20000 20000 20000 20000 20000 20000 20000 3M Bristle Products Accessories Description Comments 3M Mandrel #990. 7Roloc + Button For both 2"& 3" discs For both 2"& 3" discs 1” Plastic buttons(red) and mandrels for 2 and 3" discs For use on bench motors with tapered spindle shaft Tapered spindle adaptor. 1/8".1/2" wide 3M Mandrel #991.1/2" wide 3M Radial Bristle Disc (straight. thin) Size 6" 6" 6" 6" 6" 6" Grade Colour 80 120 220 400 6 micron 1 micron MOS (rpm) Yellow White Red Blue Peach Light Green 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 3M Bristle Products Accessories Description 3M Brush shaft adaptor telescopic no. 3/4". 5/8".1" wide 3M Roloc + Holder No. 1/8". 5/8". 3/4". 3M Brush extender spacer 3M Brush flange (side) 1" Tapered Spindle Adaptor 1 1/4” Tapered Spindle Adaptor Comments Adapts to 1/2".7/8" For 6" radial brushes For 6" radial brushes For 6" radial brushes For 6" radial brushes 3M Radial Bristle Disc (straight.1/2" wide 3M Radial Bristle Disc (curved. 3/4".7/8" For 6" radial brushes For 6" radial brushes For 6" radial brushes For 6" radial brushes . 7Roloc + Button For both 2"& 3" discs For both 2"& 3" discs 1” Plastic buttons(red) and mandrels for 2 and 3" discs For use on bench motors with tapered spindle shaft Tapered spindle adaptor.1" wide 3M Roloc + Holder No. thick) Size 6" 6" 6" Grade Colour 36 50 80 MOS (rpm) Dark Brown Green Yellow 10000 10000 10000 3M Bristle Products Accessories Description 14 3M Brush shaft adaptor telescopic no.5. thick) Size Grade 3" x 3/8" 3" x 3/8" 3" x 3/8" Colour 50 80 120 MOS (rpm) Green Yellow White 25000 25000 25000 3M Bristle Products Accessories Description Comments 3M Mandrel #990.3M Radial Bristle Disc (curved.1/2" wide 3M Mandrel #991. 1/16" .5. 3M Brush extender spacer 3M Brush flange (side) 1" Tapered Spindle Adaptor 1 1/4” Tapered Spindle Adaptor Comments Adapts to 1/2". Medium 1/4" Threaded Shaft 15 . Hardness .tapered 3M Bristle Products Accessories Description Comments 3M Roloc Disc Pad Holder 3M Roloc Disc Pad Holder 3M Roloc Disc Pad Holder 2".Hard 1/4" Threaded Shaft 3M Roloc Bristle Discs Size 3" 3" 3" Grade 50 80 120 Colour Trim* Green Yellow White 5/8"T 5/8"T 5/8"T MOS (rpm) 18000 18000 18000 Trim* .Medium 2".Medium 1/4" Threaded Shaft 3M Roloc Bristle Discs Size Grade 2" 2" 2" 50 80 120 Colour Trim* Green Yellow White 5/8"T 5/8"T 5/8"T MOS (rpm) 25000 25000 25000 Trim* . Hardness . Hardness . Hardness .Hard 1/4" Threaded Shaft 3M Roloc Bristle Discs Size 3" 3" 3" Grade 50 80 120 Colour Green Yellow White MOS (rpm) 25000 25000 25000 3M Bristle Products Accessories Description 3M Roloc Disc Pad Holder 3M Roloc Disc Pad Holder Comments 1". Hardness .3M Roloc Bristle Discs Size 1" 1" 1" Grade 50 80 120 Colour Trim Green Yellow White 5/8" 5/8" 5/8" MOS (rpm) 30000 30000 30000 3M Bristle Products Accessories Description Comments 3M Roloc Disc Pad Holder 3M Roloc Disc Pad Holder 1". Hardness .tapered 3M Bristle Products Accessories Description 3M Roloc Disc Pad Holder 3M Roloc Disc Pad Holder 3M Roloc Disc Pad Holder Comments 3".Medium 3”. 1" wide 3M Roloc + Holder No. 1" dia. 1/8".4" dia. 3/4".3M Bristle Disc (right angle grinder) Size Grade 4.5" 4.Hard 7” Hardness . Grade N/A N/A Colour Amber Amber MOS (rpm) 3200 3200 .5" Colour 50 80 120 MOS (rpm) Green Yellow White 12000 12000 12000 3M Bristle Disc (right angle grinder) Size Grade 7" Colour 50 MOS (rpm) Green 6000 3M Bristle Products Accessories Description Comments Disc Pad Face Plate Disc Pad Face Plate Disc Pad Hub Disc Retainer Nut 7" Hardness . 1/8".11” 3M SR Radial Bristle Disc (Aerospace) Size Grade 2" x 3/8" 3î x 3/8" Colour N/A N/A Cream Cream MOS (rpm) 20000 20000 3M Bristle Products Accessories Description 3M Mandrel #990. 7 Roloc + Button Comments For both 2"& 3" discs For both 2"& 3" discs 1” Plastic buttons(red) and mandrels for 2 and 3" discs 3M Radial Bristle Disc (Aerospace) Size Grade 3" x 3/8" 3î x 3/8" Colour 360 SPA MOS (rpm) Lime Green Light Orange 25000 25000 3M Bristle Products Accessories Description 3M Mandrel #990.1" wide 3M Roloc + Holder No.1/2" wide 3M Mandrel #991.5" 4. 7 Roloc + Button Comments For both 2"& 3" discs For both 2"& 3" discs 1” Plastic buttons(red) and mandrels for 2 and 3" discs 3M SR Cutter (Aerospace) Size 16 0.1/2” 5/8" x 5/8" . 3/4".1/2" wide 3M Mandrel #991.Medium 2" . Superfinishing 17 . P grading vs. do not compress or lose particles in the backing. 3M film-backed and flexible diamond abrasives provide predictable. 18 .025 microns) or finer finishes on chrome. These film-backed and flexible diamond abrasives enable you to quickly remove traverse marks and feed lines. eliminate chatter. Microns Oscillating abrasive across an existing straight line scratch rapidly reduces the existing peaks and valleys. rotogravure. micron grading chart 100 Percent of Volume 80 60 Aluminum Oxide 40 Microns Conventionally graded abrasives on cloth backing Aluminum Oxide 320 Mesh Micron graded abrasives on film backing 40 20 0 2 4 7 10 20 40 70 100 200 Diameter. follow existing geometry (including crowns) and consistently obtain sub-1 micro inch Ra (. These traditional methods of roll finishing are typically slow and leave room for operator error. dimensioning and polishing rolls and cylindrical parts. epoxy and polyurethane rolls and other non-roll surfaces. Fortunately. Different oscillation frequencies create different scratch patterns and allows the operator to see when previous scratches have been removed and the finishing step is completed. For years. compressed paper. 3M film-backed and flexible diamond abrasives offer fast. consistent and repeatable performances every time for your roll finishing operations. nylon. More cost-effective ways to obtain uniform roll finishes with 3M. Film backings hold abrasive particles on top of the substrate. grinding wheels and bonded abrasive stones. easy-to-use predictable alternatives.The best reasons for using 3M are the oldest reasons. chilled iron. abrasive sheets—even slurries— have constituted the usual means for resurfacing. film is a far more consistent substrate for the precise application of resins and micron-graded mineral. F weight paper Film J weight cotton cloth Compared to conventional cloth and paper backings. is turned and oscillated between centers as shoes introduce the abrasive to the work interface. 19 . such as a crankshaft or camshaft. The ability to generate consistently uniform finishes enables operators to extend roll life by eliminating the damage caused by traditional roll grinding methods. The workpiece. Roll Grinding Roll grinding is typically the first step in the system. a microfinishing process employs rigid shoes instead of a contact roller or platen to support the abrasive film. resulting in uniform stock removal and finish. oscillation frequency. Flexible diamond abrasive belts enable you to match tighter tolerances for diameter. roundness.Controlled pressures. abrasive advance and workpiece rotational speeds. Superfinishing with 3M film-backed abrasives also allows operators to choose a variety of surface textures from linear scratch to cross-hatching. profile flatness and bearing ratio. Microfinishing removes the damaged or amorphous layers to improve the surface finish and roundness of the part and. Microfinishing enables you to correct geometry and obtain fine finishes (as low as 1 to 2 micro inches or 0.025 to 0. in many cases. Microfinishing Usually. Centerless microfinishing plunges the workpiece into the abrasive to remove stock or provide a polished finish. Centerless Microfinishing Centerless Microfinishing is ideal for cylindrical parts that are not effectively processed in lathes or between centers. repeatable finishes on rolls used for a variety of industrial tasks. can eliminate the need for an entire grinding operation. Rolls of abrasive are easily changed in minutes to produce sequentially finer finishes. Fresh abrasive is incrementally indexed after each part is processed. part after part. uniform film backing and micron graded minerals of 3M microfinishing abrasives to eliminate lead lines and traverse patterns while letting you control cycle time. The process utilizes the consistent. 3M™ Flexible Diamond belts are introduced to a rotating cylindrical workpiece.05 £gm Ra). belt tension and workpiece rotational speeds result in consistent stock removal and dimensional accuracy to prepare a uniform surface for further polishing. The flexible diamond abrasive quickly dimensions parts by removing lobes and leaving the workpiece surface ready for further superfinishing. consistently even finishes down to sub-1 micro inch Ra. Superfinishing Superfinishing is an extremely versatile way to produce predictable. The combination of continuously fed 3M film-backed abrasives and the rotation of the workpiece give you the capability to create uniform. flexible backing. start with 3MTM Superabrasives and Microfinishing films. The open dot pattern produces aggressive cutting action and reduces grinding loads. predictable and repeatable high quality finishes on roll surfaces. The uniform application of abrasive mineral with a unique resin bond creates the ability to provide a more consistent. Notation: 3M™ Microfinishing Film is shown abrasive side up. . This abrasive utilizes precision micron graded mineral particles that are electrostatically oriented. A metal bond securely anchors micron graded diamonds to our premium. Compared to conventional cloth and paper backings. uniform surface to coat with micron graded minerals. film backings provide a superior. It offers durability and longer life while allowing conformance to a variety of contours. sprays or ceramics. product reads correctly from the back side. thermal sprays or ceramics. repeatable finish. then resinbonded to a polyester film backing to give an aggressive cut with a uniform finish. 20 3M™ Flexible Diamond Belts 3M™ Microfinishing Film 3M™ Flexible Diamond Belts allow you to achieve better finishes without sacrificing cut rates on hard to grind roll materials. forged steel.If you want a super finish. 3M™ Microfinishing Film is a fast cutting abrasive that can produce consistent. Especially designed for use on rolls harder than 55-60 Rockwell C such as chilled iron. Available in 9-100 micron grades. plastics and rubber. Available in 0. predictable and repeatable finish.3M™ Lapping Film 3M™ Diamond Lapping Film 3M™ Lapping Film is a premium. consistently. predictably and economically on harder roll surfaces. Available in 0. superconsistent Ra finishes on rolls made of a variety of metals.3-60 micron grades. 21 . high carbon ferrous metals. precision finish on a variety of hard materials such as tungsten carbide. A high strength polyester backing provides a uniform base for a coating of micron graded mineral particles. precision abrasive that produces super-fine. stone and some hardened. a tough resin bonding system and a highly uniform polyester film backing to produce high quality finishes. (chrome oxide and aluminum oxide) glass. thermal or plasma sprayed ceramics. It combines micron graded diamond particles. A carefully controlled resin bond ensures a consistent.1-45 micron grades. 3M™ Diamond Lapping Film offers a repeatable. brass. decorative stainless. polyurethane. All 3M film-backed and flexible diamond abrasives provide a predictable. thermal spray ceramics.3M film-backed and flexible diamond abrasives for tough markets. printing industry. epoxy. copper. rubber. chrome plating. nickel. 3M film-backed and flexible diamond abrasives are ideal for roll finishing on tungsten carbide. tool steel. forged steel. film extruders. including: steel mills. aluminum. ceramics and more. stainless steel. chilled iron. tungsten carbide. paper mills. nylon. copper foil electrodeposition and other non-roll applications. 22 Please contact your 3M ASD Sales Manager or 3M Distributor for further information on Superfinishing . aluminum mills. consistent and repeatable finish for all types of industries. textiles. De-scaling/ Cleaning 23 . oxides and light scale.000 15 . coarse grain finish./ Case 25 6" x 1/2" SXCS Max RPM 4.50 3/8"-24 7/8"-CH Typical • Rust removal • Coating removal applications: • Gasket removal • Light scale removal • Bright finishing .000 SXCS 24 Min. Dia x Centre Hole Grade 4" x 1/2" Max RPM 6. The clean and strip wheel should also be considered for applications requiring a bright. Product Name Density Clean & Strip 7 Rim Wheel Mineral Type Silicon Carbide Grade XCS Diameters: 8" minimum 16" maximum Widths: 1"-4" in 8"-16" diameters Typical • Coarse grain finishing applications: • Centerless finishing • Rust removal • Light coating removal Scotch-Brite™ Clean & Strip Unitized Wheels and Cup Wheels An extra coarse web material is converted into a variety of versatile Scotch-Brite™Clean & Strip wheel products that provide an excellent tool for heavy duty cleaning applications. The extra coarse silicon carbide mineral combined with tough synthetic web is perfect for removing scale.000 15 8" x 1/2" SXCS Max RPM 3. The open construction and aggressive properties provide a smooth running wheel that resists loading even when removing soft coatings.Scotch-Brite™ Clean & Strip Rim Wheels An extra coarse web in a layered construction makes this Scotch-Brite™ Clean & Strip wheel a perfect choice for the removal of rust. ideal for weld cleaning and removing paint and coatings. rust. These wheels adapt to a broad range of equipment including bench grinders and automatic finishing equipment. Product Name Density Mineral Type Grade Clean & Strip 7 Unitized Wheel Silicon Carbide XCS Clean & Strip 7 Cup Wheel Silicon Carbide XCS Diameters: (Unitized) 1"-14" Diameters: (Cup): 3" 4" 4" 4" 4" 4" 4" 6" Widths: 1/4"-1" (Unitized) Threaded Nut Size (Cup): 3/8".coarse scratch pattern Scotch-Brite™ Surface Conditioning Discs Scotch-Brite™ Clean & Strip Discs (Silicon Carbide – Extra Coarse) Tough open web.25 M-10 x 1. paints and coatings.24 1/2"-13 5/8"-11 M-14 M-10 x 1. These wheels are well suited for removing weld discoloration and splatter. surface contaminants. Faster and safer than wire brushes. Length x Shank x Washer Dia Mandrel No.000 A MED A MED A VFN A VFN 10/20 50 10/20 50 Accessories . 934 1/4" Shank 1/2" Shaft Diameter 25 .Scotch-Brite™ High Strength Discs (Aluminum Oxide) Very conformable discs./ Case 6" x 1/4" Use with Mandrel 933 Max RPM 4.Mandrels Furnished complete with washers to fit available disc sizes. cleaning. ideal for light deburring.000 A MED A MED A VFN A VFN 10/40 100 10/40 100 8" x 1/2" Use with Mandrel 934 Max RPM 3. Dia x Centre Hole Grade Min. and finishing. Min. 933 1/4" Shank 1/4" Shaft Diameter Catalog No./ Case 2" x 1/4"x 1" 933 5 3-1/16" x 1/4"x 2-1/2" 934 1 Mandrel No.000 A VFN A VFN 10/40 100 6" x 1/2" Use with Mandrel 934 Max RPM 4. 000 4-1/2" x 5/8"–11 INT 1 915 Disc Pad Holder Max RPM 10./ Case 2" Max RPM 23. x Thread Min.000 ACRS AMED AVFN 50/200 50/200 50/200 3" Max RPM 20.000 ACRS ACRS AMED AMED AVFN AVFN 10 50 10 50 10 50 7" Max RPM 6.000 ACRS ACRS AMED AMED AVFN AVFN 10 25 10 25 10 25 Diametre Surface Conditioning Grade Comparison Mineral Type Aluminum Oxide Aluminum Oxide Aluminum Oxide Silicon Carbide Grade Coated Abrasive Grade Equivalent Coarse Medium Very Fine Super Fine 80-150 150-180 220-320 320-600 ACCESSORIES – Disc Pad Holders (Hook & Loop) Dia.000 5" x 5/16"–24 EXT 1 917 Disc Pad Holder Max RPM 6. cleaning.000 10 10 9145 Disc Pad Holder Max RPM 13. Attach and remove easily.000 ACRS ACRS AMED AMED AVFN AVFN 10 50 10 50 10 50 5" Max RPM 10.Scotch-Brite™ Surface Conditioning Discs (Hook & Loop) Scotch-Brite surface conditioning discs are best for finishing./ Case 922 Disc Pad Holder 923 Disc Pad Holder 2" Max RPM 23.000 5" x 5/8"–11 INT 1 905 Disc Pad Holder Max RPM 10.000 7" x 5/8"–11 INT 1 Item 26 .000 ACRS AMED AVFN 25/100 25/100 25/100 4-1/2" Max RPM 13. Used with the following hand tools: • Right angle • Random orbital A VFN – Blue A MED – Maroon A CRS – Brown Grade Min.000 3" Max RPM 20. and light deburring on flat metal surfaces. metals. Mandrel has a 1/4" shank to fit desired tool. Excellent sharpness and conformability for cleaning and finishing surfaces by hand. 935 Use with desired Scotch-Brite™ strips to clean and polish other tight areas. WxL 4" x 30' 6" x 30' Grade Min.000 Use with Scotch-Brite™ hand pads or roll material cut to 4" by 6". L x Dia./ Case 5 27 .Scotch-Brite™ Hand Pads Excellent products for hand finishing and cleaning of woods. 2-7/8" x 1/4" Max RPM 14. and composites./ Case A MED A FIN AVFN S VFN 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 A MED A FIN AVFN 1/2 1/2 1/2 Scotch-Brite™ Multi-Flex Sheet Rolls Highly conformable Scotch-Brite™ webs perforated on a roll./ Case 8" x 4" Sheets 60 Sheets/Roll Maroon AVFN 1/4 8" x 4" Sheets 60 Sheets/Roll Light gray S ULF 1/4 LxW 3M™ Twist-Lok™ Pad Holder No. Provides increase leverage and eliminates “finger” marks. WxL 3-1/2" x 4-3/4" Holders/ Case 10 Min. Ideal for: • Wood finishing • Satin Finishes • Textures Colour/ Grade Pads/ Case 6" x 9" Hand Pad 7440 Tan 40 A MED 6" x 9" Hand Pad 7446 Gray 40 S MED 6" x 9" Hand Pad 7447 Maroon 60 AVFN 6" x 9" Hand Pad 7448 Light Gray 60 S ULF WxL Scotch-Brite™ Clean & Finish Rolls Conformable Scotch-Brite web can be cut to desired length for hand sanding or oscillating sanders. 961 Mini Mandrel No. Colour/ Grade Min. Cloth) Grade Min./ Case 1/4" x 1/2" Max RPM 30.000 P36 P60 P80 P120 50/200 50/200 50/200 50/200 1-1/2" x 1-1/2" Max RPM 10.000 P36 P60 P80 P120 50/200 50/200 50/200 50/200 2" x 2" Max RPM 6.000 P60 P80 P120 50/200 50/200 50/200 1/2" x 1/2" Max RPM 30. x W 28 3M 747D (Cubitron™ – X Wt.000 P60 P80 50/200 50/200 2" x 1" Max RPM 12.000 P36 P60 P80 P120 50/200 50/200 50/200 50/200 3/4" x 1-1/2" Max RPM 10. Economical abrasive bands for cast clean-up and pre-polish work.000 P36 P60 P80 P120 50/200 50/200 50/200 50/200 1-1/2" x 1" Max RPM 14.000 P36 P60 P80 P120 50/200 50/200 50/200 50/200 1" x 1" Max RPM 18. Cloth) Min.3M™ Evenrun™ Bands Aluminum oxide bands are made of high-grade mineral and a bonding system which reduces shelling of the mineral.000 P36 P60 P80 P120 50/200 50/200 50/200 50/200 Dia./ Case Dia.000 P36 P60 P80 P120 50/200 50/200 50/200 50/200 3" x 3" Max RPM 3.000 P36 P60 P80 P120 50/200 50/200 50/200 50/200 1" x 1-1/2" Max RPM 10.000 P36 P60 P80 P120 50/200 50/200 50/200 50/200 1/2" x 1" Max RPM 15.000 P36 P60 P80 P120 50/200 50/200 50/200 50/200 1/2" x 1-1/2" Max RPM 15.000 P36 P60 P80 P120 50/200 50/200 50/200 50/200 3/4" x 1" Max RPM 17.X Wt.000 P36 P60 P80 P120 50/200 50/200 50/200 50/200 1-1/2" x 2" Max RPM 8. x W Grade 1/2" x 1" 50 60 80 50/200 50/200 50/200 1" x 1" 50 60 80 P120 50/200 50/200 50/200 50/200 2" x 1" 60 80 P120 50/200 50/200 50/200 3" x 1" 60 50/200 . 3M 241D (Aluminum Oxide . 000 11.000 10.000 10./ Case 1" x 1" x 1/4" 1-1/2" x 1" x 1/4" 2" x 1" x 1/4" 2" x 2" x 1/4" 3" x 3" x 5/8" –11 INT 1 1 1 1 1 Maximum Operating RPMs: 1" x 1" 1-1/2" x 1" 2" x 1" 2" x 2" 3" x 3" — — — — — 18.000 18./ Case 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * Part numbers apply to complete wheel.000 3.000 15.000 8. x W x Shaft 1/4" x 1/2" x 1/8" 1/2" x 1/2" x 1/4" 1/2" x 1" x 1/4" 1/2" x 1 1/2" x 1/4" 3/4" x 1" x 1/4" 3/4" x 1 1/2" x 1/4" 1" x 1" x 1/4" 1" x 1-1/2" x 1/4" 1-1/2" x 1" x 1/4" 1-1/2" x 1-1/2" x 1/4" 1-1/2" x 2" x 1/4" 2" x 1" x 1/4" 2" x 2" x 1/4" 3" x 3" x 3/8" 3" x 3" x 1/2" Min. Dia.000 6.000 6. x W x Shaft Min.000 15.000 14.000 17. Maximum Operating RPMs: 1/4" x 1/2" x 1/8" 1/2" x 1/2" x 1/4" 1/2" x 1" x 1/4" 1/2" x 1 1/2" x 1/4" 3/4" x 1" x 1/4" 3/4" x 1 1/2" x 1/4" 1" x 1" x 1/4" 1" x 1-1/2" x 1/4" — — — — — — — — 23.ACCESSORIES Rubber Slotted Expander Wheels Slotted wheels for use with evenrun bands. not cushions.000 Rubber Cushion Polishing Wheels Use with evenrun bands when creating fine finishes.000 12.000 1-1/2" x 1" x 1/4" — 1-1/2" x 1-1/2" x 1/4"— 1-1/2" x 2" x 1/4" — 2" x 1" x 1/4" — 2" x 2" x 1/4" — 3" x 3" x 3/8" — 3" x 3" x 1/2" — 14.000 10.000 3.000 30.000 29 . Dia.000 6. 000 P60 P80 P120 P180 50/200 50/200 50/200 50/200 1/2" x 1-1/2" x 1/8" Regular Max RPM 24. Pilot Dia.000 P60 P80 P120 P180 50/200 50/200 50/200 50/200 1/4" x 1-1/2" x 1/8" Regular Max RPM 24.000 P60 P80 P120 50/200 50/200 50/200 1/2" x 1" x 1/8" Full Taper Max RPM 24.000 P60 P80 P120 P180 50/200 50/200 50/200 50/200 3/8" x 1" x 1/8" Regular Max RPM 24.000 P60 P80 P120 P180 50/200 50/200 50/200 50/200 3/8" x 1-1/2" x 1/8" Full Taper Max RPM 24. x Pilot Length x Shaft Min.000 30 . Cloth) General purpose cartridge rolls. x L x CH Grade Min.000 P60 P80 P120 P180 50/200 50/200 50/200 50/200 ACCESSORIES Cartridge Rolls 3M Mandrels Screw-type mandrels for securing cartridge rolls to tool.000 P60 P120 50/200 50/200 1/2" x 1-1/2" x 1/8" Full Taper Max RPM 24.000 P60 P80 P120 P180 50/200 50/200 50/200 50/200 3/8" x 1-1/2" x 1/8" Regular Max RPM 24. – 24.000 P60 P120 P180 50/200 50/200 50/200 1/2" x 1" x 1/8" Regular Max RPM 24.000 P60 P80 P120 P180 50/200 50/200 50/200 50/200 3/8" x 1" x 1/8" Full Taper Max RPM 24. – 16./ Case 1/4" x 1" x 1/8" Regular Max RPM 24./ Case 3/32" x 3/4" x 1/4" 1/8" x 1" x 1/4" 3/16" x 1" x 1/4" 3/16" x 1-1/2" x 1/4" 1/4" x 1-1/2" x 1/4" 1 1 1 1 1 Maximum Operating RPMs: 1/2" and smaller cartridge roll dia. Dia.000 5/8" – 3/4" cartridge roll dia.3M™ Cartridge Rolls 241D (Aluminum Oxide – X Wt.000 P60 P80 P120 P180 50/200 50/200 50/200 50/200 3/4" x 1-1/2" x 3/16" Regular Max RPM 16. / Case 1/2" x 18" A CRS A MED A VFN 20 20 20 1/2" x 24" A CRS A MED A VFN 20 20 20 3/4" x 18" A CRS A MED A VFN 20 20 20 1" x 42" A MED A VFN 10 10 2" x 48" A MED A VFN 10 10 2" x 72" A MED A VFN 10 10 3" x 18" A MED A VFN 10 10 3" x 24" A CRS A MED A VFN 10 10 10 A VFN – Blue A MED – Maroon A CRS – Brown Scotch-Brite™ Combi Wheel./ Case 3" x 1-3/4" x 1/4" Max RPM 8.000 SFPM 1.Scotch-Brite™ Surface Conditioning Belts Premium Scotch-Brite surface conditioning non-woven web.700 SFPM 5.500–6. Provide aggressive cut and fine finishes. x W x Shaft Grade Min.500 SFPM 2.200–2.000–5.000 SFPM 4. Combi-S Wheels are made of alternating flaps of coated abrasive and Scotch-Brite web. Designed for: • Cleaning • Finishing • Light Deburring WxL Grade Min.500 SFPM SFPM = Surface Feet Per Minute Maximum Operating 31 . Dia.000 80 P120 P180 10 10 10 Recommended operating speeds: Application SFPM Recommended • Decorative Finishing • Wood Sanding • Deburring • Cleaning &Conditioning • Oxide Removal 500–3.000–6. 32 . you’ll see improved quality in your parts. making them very cost effective. they’re less tiring to use.3M™ Cloth Belts 577F 3M 577F is a premium aluminum zirconia mineral coated on a durable polyester backing. More desirable finish. Operator applies even pressure throughout the life of the belt. Trizact™ abrasive belts start sharp and stay sharp. 33 . 3M™ Trizact™ Abrasives maintain their high rate of cut much longer in comparison to conventional abrasives on 304 Stainless Steel. Test results verify that: • Trizact™ abrasive belts last 2-5 times longer than conventional belts • Operators can reduce grade sequences. 3M 577F will reduce your process time and give you more parts per shift. You will find this product to provide superior cut rates and life. This high performance belt is designed for grinding stainless steel and nickel alloys in applications requiring low to moderate pressure. Size Grade Custom Sizes P36 P60 P80 P120 Please contact your 3M ASD Sales Manager or 3M Distributor for further information Reduced operator fatigue. which in turn lowers abrasive costs Cut Rate (grams/min) 3M™ Trizact™ Abrasives Trizact™ Abrasive Conventional Abrasive Time Notice the very consistent finish of 3M™ Trizact™ Abrasives compared to the irregular performance of conventional abrasives on 304 Stainless Steel. If you’re looking for high performance and productivity. reducing operator fatigue and minimizing the frequency of overcutting. This delivers: consistent. resulting in more predictable finishes. high even cut rates. Since Trizact™ abrasives deliver a better finish. Because Trizact™ abrasives maintain a higher cut rate for the life of the belt. longer belt life and reduced process steps. Trizact™ abrasive belts last up to five times longer than conventional belts. Trizact™ Abrasive Conventional Abrasive Time While its initial cut is not as high. Finish (micro-inches) Trizact™ abrasives deliver results. 3M Trizact™ Abrasives’ unique 3-D structures contain multiple layers of abrasive which expose fresh mineral as they wear down. predictable finishes. A60. The unique construction of Trizact™ abrasives requires a different grading system. Available grades: A130. The Table below shows the Trizact™ abrasive grade comparison to conventional abrasive grades. A90. A65 A45.The finish line. Available grades: A160. the finer the grade. Trizact abrasives are currently available in four product lines to meet a variety of metal finishing requirements. Available grades: A110. A100. requiring a flexible abrasive with silicon carbide mineral. A100. A65. A30. Available grades: A100. A16. A16. A45 A30. A80.f e r r o u s applications. Grade is defined by the average particle size in microns and begins with an “A. A80. A6 3M 237AA Choose 3M 237AA to finish stainless steel knives. A80. A65. cutlery and other products requiring a semi flexible abrasive with aluminum oxide mineral. A45 A30. 3M 253FA is ideal for wetfinishing operations. Trizact Abrasive Grade (Average mineral size in microns) A5 A6 A10 A16 A20 A30 A35 A45 A60 A65 A80 A90 A100 A110 A130 A160 34 FEPA (P-Grade) P3000 P2500 P1200 P800 P600 P400 P320 P240 P220 P180 P150 P120 . A6 Lower is finer. As you can see. the lower the A-grade. A6 3M 253FA Combining aluminum oxide mineral with a waterproof backing. 3M 407EA The quick cutting action of 3M 407EA makes it the product of choice for titanium aerospace components and other n o n . A16. A20 3M 307EA A flexible cloth backing and aluminum oxide mineral makes 3M 307EA the perfect choice for critical preplate surface finishes.” Trizact™ abrasive belts are available in grades A5 through A160 in widths up to 26 inches. including brass and aluminum. 300 3M™ Fibre Discs – 501C (Aluminum Zirconia . x Ctr Hole Grade Case Qty. 24 36 50 60 80 100 120 25/100 25/100 25/100 25/100 25/100 25/100 25/100 24 36 50 60 80 100 120 25/100 25/100 25/100 25/100 25/100 25/100 25/100 24 36 50 60 80 100 120 25/100 25/100 25/100 25/100 25/100 25/100 25/100 35 . Dia.000 24 36 50 60 80 100 120 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 7" x 7/8" Max RPM 8. x Ctr Hole 4-1/2" x 7/8" Max RPM 13.600 Grade Case Qty. x Ctr Hole Grade Case Qty.000 24 36 50 80 25/100 25/100 25/100 25/100 24 36 50 60 80 25/100 25/100 25/100 25/100 25/100 7" x 7/8" Max RPM 8.Fibre) 3M’s most aggressive mineral and a grinding aid makes 785C the right choice for stainless steel.000 7" x 7/8" Max RPM 8.3M™ Fibre Discs – 381C (Aluminum Oxide .Fibre) Premium mineral for fast. More aggressive.600 24 36 50 60 80 100 120 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 4" x 3/4” Max RPM 13.600 3M™ Fibre Disc – 785C (3M Cubitron™ Abrasive Grain . and blending.300 5" x 7/8" Max RPM 12. 5" x 7/8" Max RPM 12. cool grinding on all metals. longer life. Dia.Fibre) General purpose disc for weld removal. 24 36 50 60 80 120 100 100 100 100 100 100 5" x 7/8" Max RPM 12. Dia. grinding. and 3M disc pad hubs. x Thread Size Min.5./ Case 3/8" 1/2" 5/8" 1 1 1 Disc Pad Hub and Retainer Nut Dia. M10 – 1./ Case Size 2-1/2" Use with all size face plates 1/10 4-1/2" Use with 7" face plates only 1/10 2-1/2" 1/10 Use with all size face plates.50 INT 3/8" – 24 INT 10 10 10 . • Ribbed plates result in cooler running discs • Use harder face plates for heavier stock removal applications Hardness Case Qty. 36 Thread Size Min.300 Medium – Gray Hard – Black 1/25 1/25 5" Ribbed Max RPM 12. 9 These adaptors will convert a grinder with M10 – 1./ Case 4-1/2" x 5/8" – 11 1 Use with 7" only.600 Medium – Gray Hard – Black Extra Hard – Red 1/25 1/25 1/25 Size Disc Retainer Nuts For use with all 3M™ disc pad face plates. or 3/8" – 24 external threaded shaft to a 5/8" – 11 external threaded shaft. Nuts have 5/8" – 11 threaded arbor hole in three depths to accommodate grinder shaft lengths. disc pads. Disc Holder Adaptor No. Disc Pad Hub Min. 4-1/2" Smooth Max RPM 13.25 INT M10 – 1. tool shaft length 1/2" or less Disc Face Plates Backup plates for fibre discs. Depth Min.000 Medium – Gray Hard – Black Extra Hard – Red 1/25 1/25 1/25 7" Ribbed Max RPM 8. Use with disc pad face plates./ Case M10 – 1.25. 3M disc pad face plates are color coded by density.Accessories – Fibre Discs Plastic hubs with 5/8" – 11 metal insert. Grade Min. Dia. Grade 4” (4mm. x AH Min. 3M™ Cubitron™ Abrasive Grain provides a fast cut and a smooth finish on a variety of workpieces. Provides a high and consistent quality performance at a lower cost. eliminating several process steps. 6mm thk) 24 5” (6mm thk) 24 7” (6mm./ Case 3-3/8" x 7/8" Use with 4-1/2" only 5/100 4-5/8" x 7/8" Use with 7" only 5/100 Type A Rigid Grinding Disc Aluminum Oxide A24 DC Wheels: Start from 4 mm in thickness and are specially suited for mild steel applications. 7mm thk) 24 9” (6mm thk) 24 37 .3M™ Green Corps™ Flexible Grinding Wheel Bonded abrasive wheel designed for right angle tools./ Case 4-1/2" x 1/8" x 7/8" Type 27 Max RPM 13.300 36 46 60 80 20/200 20/200 20/200 20/200 7" x 1/8" x 7/8" Type 27 Max RPM 8.600 36 46 60 80 20/100 20/100 20/100 20/100 Dia. Dia. Do not use on tools without guards. x Thk x AH ACCESSORIES – Flexible Grinding Wheel Backup Pad Backup pad is required for safe operation of Flexible Grinding Wheels with 7/8" center hole. 600 Grade Min./ Case Thread Size 1 Pair/5 Pair 4" x 5/8" –11 Min./ Case 36 50 60 80 P120 10 10 10 10 10 36 50 60 80 P120 5 5 5 5 5 3M™ Flap Disc 563D (Aluminum Zirconia – Type 29) Fast cutting disc with exceptionally long life.300 7" x 7/8" Max RPM 8. Flap Disc /Grinding Wheel Adapter Nut Flap Disc Holder Thread Size 5/8" –11 38 Min. Dia. Backup plate for 7" diameter type 27 flap discs.300 7" x 7/8" Max RPM 8. Works great on a wide variety of metals. x Ctr Hole 4-1/2" x 7/8" Max RPM 13./ Case P36 P40 P60 P80 P120 10 10 10 10 10 P36 P40 P60 P80 P120 5 5 5 5 5 ACCESSORIES Adapter nut used for securing 4-1/2" diameter flap discs or 4-1/2" and 7" flexible grinding wheels to right angle tool with a 5/8" –11 threaded shaft.600 Grade Min. Dia.3M™ Flap Disc 747D (3M Cubitron™ Abrasive Grain – Type 27) Premium ceramic mineral provides exceptional cut rate and longer life on the hardest metals. x Ctr Hole 4-1/2" x 7/8" Max RPM 13./ Case 1 . more uniform finish. (Some solid surfaces may require buffing with 3M Finesse-it™ Finishing Material Easy Clean-up to remove swirl marks or to generate a gloss lovel over 80. Trizact film abrasives are produced by microreplication. firmer attachment. a patented 3M technology.3M Trizact™ Hookit™ II Film Discs 268XA . Tiny.568XA. 5" x NH 6" x NH Hookit II Conversion Face Hookit II Conversion Face 10 10 39 . is produced using 3M’s patented microreplication technology. 568XA is used as a final polishing step when producing a high gloss finish on most solid surface countertop materials. try it on your next solid surface finishing job. Trizact film . For fantastic results. As the abrasive is used.or minimize . precisely shaped pyramids containing micron graded aluminum oxide particles are reproduced onto a polyester film backing.Aluminium Oxide Get your job done faster. This ensures a consistent cut rate through the long life of the Trizact film. continually exposing fresh sharp mineral. Expect longer abrasive and backup pad life. Non-graded Non-graded 100 100 Accessories General purpose. 5" 6" 11/16" 11/16" 5/16" .000 12. with a superior finish using Trizact film. A35 A10 A5 A35 A10 A5 100 100 100 100 100 100 568XA . 3M Hookit™ II Disc Pads Disc Size Thickness Threaded Shaft Max.the need for buffing with messy compounds.24 12. Disc Size 5" 5" 5" 6" 6" 6" Micron Grade Case Qty.) Disc Size 5" 6" Micron Grade Case Qty. the tops of the pyramids wear away.Cerium Oxide Eliminate . RPM Case Qty. 5" and 6" back-up pad for use with 3M’s patented Hookit II abrasives. less lint and debris for finer.000 10 10 Face Pads for Converting 3M Hookitô Pads to 3M Hookit™ II Pads Size Description – for use with Hookit™ back up pad Case Qty.24 5/16" . Required for use with Trizact Hookit II dics in solid surface finishing applications. Paper) General purpose discs for metal. metal. wood. primer.000 6 Hole 125 1/10 * Orbits per Minute Lightweight pads have vinyl face for excellent adhesion with quick. and fiberglass sanding./ Case Dia Grade Discs/ Roll 5” 415U 5 hole P80 P100 P120 P150 P180 P220 125 125 125 250 250 250 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/4 1/4 1/4 6” 415U 6 hole P80 P120 P180 125 125 250 1/8 1/8 1/4 (Silicon Carbide – A wt.000 5 Hole 125 1/10 6" x 3/4" x 5/16"–24 Max RPM 10. and fiberglass. • Special Fre-Cut coating resists loading Stikit™ Disc Rolls 415U – Dust-Free Min. • Special Fre-Cut coating resists loading • Unique construction provides excellent finish Accessories – Stikit™ Dust-Free Disc Pad Dia x Thickness x Thread Size 40 Pads Discs/ Roll 5" x 3/4" x 5/16"–24 Max RPM 10./ Case Dia Grade Discs/ Roll 5” 236U 5 hole P80 P100 P120 P150 P180 P220 P240 P320 P400 P500 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 6” 236U 6 hole P80 P100 P120 P150 P180 P220 P240 P320 P400 P500 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 (Aluminum Oxide – C wt.Stikit™ Disc Roll 236U – Dust-Free Min. wood. .000 Max OPM* 12. Paper) Discs for paint. easy disc removal. wood. metal. For use with Stikit Discs which are dust-free. and fiberglass. Paper) Discs for paint. primer./ Case Dia Grade Discs/ Roll 5” 316U P80 P100 P120 P150 P180 P220 P240 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 6” 316U P80 P100 P120 P150 P180 P220 P240 P320 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 (Aluminum Oxide – A wt. plastic.000 Max OPM* 12. • Strong paper backing provides durability and increased cut rate • Open coat minimizes loading • Invisible Fre-Cut coating reduces loading 3M™ PSA Disc Roll 316U Min. finishing. efficient method for deburring. They lock securely in place with just a half twist…another half twist and they’re off. 41 . 3M’s Regalite™ Polycut™ incorporates 3M™ Cubitron™ and premium aluminium oxide minerals on a heavy YF cloth or fibre backing.000 Medium Hard 5 5 2" Roloc TR Max RPM 25. Each disc is color coded by grade. finishing. 3M™ 777F Regalite™ Polycut™ Resin Bond Cloth YF Wt.000 ACRS AMED AVFN 25/100 25/100 25/100 Diametre 3M™ Roloc™ Discs – ACCESSORIES Hardness Min.000 ACRS AMED AVFN 50/200 50/200 50/200 3" Roloc TR Max RPM 18. Grade Min. ID Min./ Case 777F 777F 777F 777F 785C 50/500 50/500 50/200 50/200 25/100 3M Roloc Disc Button Color/Grade Chart 24 36 50 60 80 100 120 150 180 240 3M™ Roloc™ Attachment System Provide a fast. efficient method for deburring.000 3M Roloc TR Disc Pads Rubber backup pads are available in different diameters and degrees of hardness for various grinding applications. Removes grind marks. They lock securely in place with just a half twist… another half twist and they’re off. removing tool marks. blending./ Case 1-1/2" Roloc TR Max RPM 30. and coatings. and die polishing on all types of metal. blending.000 Medium Hard 5 5 3" Roloc TR Med Max RPM 18. Pads are internally threaded to receive any standard 1/4"–20 thread shaft. and die polishing on all types of metal.3M™ Roloc™ Discs Provide a fast. removing tool marks.000 ACRS AMED AVFN 50/200 50/200 50/200 2" Roloc TR Max RPM 25.) Roloc™ TR Discs (Plastic Button) 1/2" 1-1/2" 2" 3" 4" Prod.000 Medium 5 Hard 5 Diametre Hard Max RPM 20./ Box 1" Roloc TR Max RPM 30. rust.000 Medium 5 1-1/2" Roloc TR Max RPM 30. Scotch-Brite™ Roloc™ Discs Premium Scotch-Brite surface conditioning nonwoven web provides a burr-free decorative finish. Size (dia. 413Q • Silicon carbide — A wt. 42 Grade Min. plastics and fiberglass. Paper – Open Coat) Provides exceptional finishes and excellent conformability for contour sanding./ Case Grade 9" x 11" 518 80 100 120 150 180 220 320 400 50/250 Silicon Carbide 414N (A wt./ Case 9" x 11" 431Q 80 100 120 150 180 50/250 50/250 50/250 50/250 50/250 9" x 11" 413Q 220 240 280 320 360 400 500 50/500 50/250 50/250 50/500 50/250 50/500 50/250 9" x 11" 401Q 1000 1500 2000 2500 50/250 50/250 50/250 50/250 List W x L ./ Case 9" x 11" 140N 50 60 80 50/500 50/500 50/500 9" x 11" 110N 100 120 150 180 220 100/1000 100/1000 100/1000 100/1000 100/1000 WxL Aluminum Oxide 518 ( C wt Paper ) This is ideal for hand or machine sanding of many different materials including woods./ Case 50/500 100/1000 100/1000 100/1000 100/1000 100/1000 100/1000 100/1000 100/1000 100/1000 3M™Wetordry™ Sheets 431Q • Silicon carbide — C wt. Paper) • Open coat for non-loading • Traditional choice for wood workers for producing fine finishes Grade Min. Paper.3M™ Paper Sheets Garnet 140N (D wt. • Excellent conformability. metals. Paper. • Heavyweight paper backing for increased durability. WxL 9" x 11" 414N Grade 80 100 120 150 180 220 240 280 320 400 Min. WxL Min. Paper) • Open coat for non-loading • Choice of cabinet makers and wood workers 110N (A wt. paints. Great for sculptors! Size 1-1/2" x 3/4" Grade Min. For hand finishing of hard to-grind materials such as stone. ceramics. glass. • M-graded products are metal bonded for leveling and stock removal • R-graded products are resin bonded for further refinishing to a polish Size Grade Min. carbides and non-ferrous metals./ Case 21/4" x 33/4" M250 M125 M74 M40 M20 M10 R30 R10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 21/4" x 4" M250 M125 M74 M40 M20 R30 R10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 3" x 3” M250 M125 M74 M40 M20 R30 R10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 3M™ Flexible Diamond Hand Files 6210J Flexible metal bonded diamond mounted on a rigid plastic file.3M™ Flexible Diamond Products 3M™ Flexible Diamond Hand Lap 6200J Flexible metal or resin bonded diamond laminated to a lightweight foam hand block. carbides and non-ferrous metals. all one grade. For small hand finishing of hard-to-grind materials such as stone./ Case M125 M74 M40 M20 10 10 10 10 1-3/4" x 1/2" M125 M74 M40 M20 10 10 10 10 1-3/4" x 1/2" Half Round M125 M74 M40 M20 10 10 10 10 2-1/2" x 1/4" M125 M74 M40 M20 10 10 10 10 Set includes four different file sizes. glass. Size 4 Files One of Each Size Grade M125 M74 M40 M20 Files/ Box 5 sets of 4 5 sets of 4 5 sets of 4 5 sets of 4 43 . ceramics. Medium CRS .05 M20/800 Mesh Super Fine M10/1800 Mesh R10/1800 Mesh Ultra Fine Please Note: Throughout his catalogue.Fine MED .99370 inches 1 micron (µ) = 0.Ultra Fine VFN .American National Standards Institute FEPA .5 0. Coarse Coarse Medium M74/200 Mesh 50 P 400 P 500 1000 44 Diamond Fine M40/400 Mesh Very Fine R30/500 Mesh 30 20 15 12 9 5 4 3 2 1 0.ANSI 12 16 20 24 30 36 40 50 60 80 100 120 150 180 220 240 280 320 360 400 500 600 800 FEPA “P” Micron Emery Surface Conditioning P 12 P 16 P 20 P 24 P 30 P 36 Coarse P 40 P 50 P 60 P 80 P 100 P 120 P 150 P 180 P 220 P 240 P 280 P 320 P 360 M250/60 Mesh P 600 P 800 P 1000 P 1200 P 2000 P 2500 1200 1 inch = 25.Extra Coarse .Very Fine FIN . Scotch-Brite grades are abbreviated: ULF .000039 inches ANSI .4 millimetres 1 millimetre = 0.Federation of European Producers of Abrasives Products Medium 180 150 120 100 80 60 M125/120 Mesh Fine 40 Ex.3 0.Coarse XCS .Grade Comparison Chart Int’l Mesh .1 0. Notes . Notes . Benefits to YOU! • 3M solutions under one roof • Various options for the single component • International support on the best practices • Best tools and equipments • Place for you to visit and experiment This center is YOURS! 47 .3M Innovation Center Center of methods and solution development to meet customers requirements. 3M India Limited Abrasive Systems Division Raheja Paramount 138 Residency Road Bangalore .com . contact:
[email protected] 025 Tel.3m.: +91 80 2223 1414 www.com For details.