Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd.Chapter 1 Introduction to Report CHAPTER 1 “INTRODUCTION TO REPORT” 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY The Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited is the premier financial institution geared towards the development of agriculture sector by providing financial products and services to their customers. It is a common practice at universities during the completion of the masters and bachelors program to attain practical experience in different fields. Students are required to undergo an internship program of two months to fulfill the requirement for their degree completion. The selection of the firm is based on the choice of the student. The institute requires an internship report based on the theoretical and practical learning of the student. The Internship is the bridge between academic qualification and professional career of fresh graduates”. This internship report is mainly focused on the working of the Finance and Accounts Division of the ZTBL. Moreover, the internship is a unique aspect of education that integrates study with planned and supervised career-related work experience. The students are involved as non-paid “authentic employees” receiving academic credit for work experiences. The purpose of the internship program is to develop and strengthen the student’s educational and career preparation. By doing internship in any organization that obviously exposes the interpersonal relationships not only with employees but also with supervisor that are essential in obtaining a successful and satisfying career. This background of the study is mainly focus on the performance, functions and objectives of the Finance and Accounts Division of the ZTBL and its internal working and operations of this division. While, the internship is any experience where students learn by taking on responsible roles as workers in organizations and observing and reflecting on what happens while they are in the workplace. It provides 1 Institute of Management Sciences, Kohat University of Science & Technology Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report many advantages to student that helps him throughout his life. Some advantages of internship program are given as under; To gain professional experience and receive academic credit To enhance independence, responsibility and self-confidence To Interact and collaborate confidently with employees To share ideas with one another. To translate classroom knowledge into the professional work environment and to make plan, how to carry the activities. To work towards the process improvement. 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of conducting this study is to develop some insight into the working of the Finance and Accounts Division of the ZTBL and to gain the experience regarding the overall operations and procedures of the bank, in order to complete the BBA (Hons) degree as well. The purpose of the internship program is to develop and strengthen the student’s educational and career preparation, which they gain from university. Another important aspect of the internship program is that internee is placed to various departments of the organization through job rotation. It provides a glance of each department, as the period is too short for learning in detail. Other objectives of the study are as follows: To gather relevant information then interpret and analyze it in a useful manner. To highlight the facilities and products offered by the ZTBL to its customers. Internship can develop good work habits and to reduce student dropouts. To develop, enhance and strengthen the communication skills. To observe and participate in a professional work situation which represents an area of career interest. 2 Institute of Management Sciences, Kohat University of Science & Technology Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report To develop an understanding of the organization, its mission, objectives and management philosophy. To acquire good work habits and gain an awareness of the community’s vast resources. To be responsible and work toward specific achievable goals. To analyze the bank through different analysis such as Ratio & SWOT analysis. 1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The scope of the conducting this study is given as under; It is a compulsory requirement for the award of Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration from the Kohat University of Science & Technology. This report is concerned with the performance, functions and objectives of the “Finance & Accounts Division of the ZTBL” Head Office Islamabad. ZTBL. It can provide help to the management of the ZTBL in identifying their Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. It can also provide assistance for the students in seeking annual reports for the purpose to calculate and interpret financial ratios, in order to check the liquidity, leverage and profitability of the ZTBL. Further more, students are able to analyze the human resources & analyze the marketing of products and services schemes that the ZTBL provide his customers. It will help the students in making assignments and writing reports on the 1.4. IMPORTANCE OF STUDY Banks play a central and very important role in the economic life of a country, that’s why they are considered as the lifeblood of modern economy. Today no one can deny the importance of banking in the economy. They facilitate and expedite 3 Institute of Management Sciences, Kohat University of Science & Technology Annual Reports & Accounts manual. ZTBL web site & Internet. Brochures.5. For collecting primary data. For the collection of information and data. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY During the internship at the ZTBL Head Office Islamabad. 1. All officers fully cooperated with me and provided all the necessary information which was required to me. 1.5. Secondary Data Collection: The data that are previously collected and assembled for the some projects other than the one at hand. It is also called as historical data. the ZTBL plays an important role in the economic development and growth of Pakistan. Pamphlets. The secondary data is collected from following sources.1. I have chosen the ZTBL for my internship because it has a large network of zonal offices and branches.2. I used two methods for collecting data for the preparation of internship report such as primary and secondary collection methods. 4 Institute of Management Sciences. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report trade and commerce and provide a variety of services that one can’t imagine without banks.5. But besides this. The interviews have been taken from the bank officers and also the discussion was conducted with the heads of different departments. This method can almost always be gathered faster ant at a lower cost than primary data.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. I use my own observation and discuss my problems with previous internees. Kohat University of Science & Technology . which is given as under. I prepared many questions and discuses with Bank officers asked all the detailed function and procedures of there departments. I interviewed different officers for this purpose. the most important task was to collect as much as information on the bank in order to have a full productive report. Primary Data Collections: In primary data collection method. 1. The interviews were not of formal nature but it went along with time and the questions arose with identification of problems. 1. All staff members avoided to give every information. So. SECTION-I This section has one chapter. executives. they kept most of the data secrets. it was very difficult to collect the relevant information. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY There are some limitations which.6. Chapter 1: 5 Institute of Management Sciences. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report Newspapers. managers and other staff members have their own matters of bank and it was a great problem for me. Lack of co-operation by some employees because they were non-research oriented and also lack of accuracy of the relevant data. Time was too short to visit all division and departments of the organization.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. Kohat University of Science & Technology . The problem of loud shedding makes delay in preparing this internship report of the ZTBL. which are described as under. The report is arranged in the following sequence.7 SCHEME OF THE REPORT The internship report on the Finance & Accounts Division of the ZTBL is arranged in four sections and ten chapters. Business journals. I had to face as an internee during the Internship program in the ZTBL Head Office Islamabad. However. I have completed this internship report on the Finance and Accounts Division of the ZTBL Head Office with full cooperation of few managers. 1. The vice presidents. Books. Instead of all these difficulties. history. evaluation of banking. Chapter 5: This chapter is concerns with the introduction. functions. restructuring plans. Chapter 7: This chapter describes the introduction and units of the Head Office Accounts Department of the ZTBL. SECTION-II This is lengthiest section of the report. objectives. vision. background. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report This is an introductory chapter which describes the introduction. Chapter 8: This chapter is concerns with the introduction. objectives. purpose. Kohat University of Science & Technology . zonal offices & branches. functions and units of the Central Accounts Department of the ZTBL.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. overview of banking in Pakistan and role of banks in the economic development of the Pakistan. Chapter 2: This chapter is about bank and banking. Chapter 4: This chapter briefly describes the products & services such as loans & schemes and the recovery procedure of the loan of the ZTBL. BOD. 6 Institute of Management Sciences. objectives. Chapter 6: This chapter describes the introduction. ranking of staff members and subsidiary of the ZTBL. This section is comprised of eight chapters. it includes the review of the ZTBL. mission. scope. functions and units of the Regulatory Reporting Department of the ZTBL. objectives. limitations and scheme of the report. classification and hierarchy of the Finance and Accounts Division of the ZTBL. importance. Chapter 3: This chapter encompasses the introduction. research methodology. personal experience. conclusions & annexures of the ZTBL. functions and units of the Budget & Fund Reconciliation Department of the ZTBL. 7 Institute of Management Sciences. ratio analysis. SECTION-IV This section contains only one chapter. Chapter 11: This chapter explains findings. recommendations. Kohat University of Science & Technology .Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. SECTION-III This section also has one chapters and it is about the various analyses of the ZTBL. objectives. human resource analysis & marketing analysis of the ZTBL. Chapter 10: This chapter explains the SWOT analysis. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report Chapter 9: This chapter describes the introduction. This provides finance for successfully carrying on various stages of production as well as distribution. who carry on the business of banking” or “a bank may be as an institution dealing mainly in money and credit. Kohat University of Science & Technology .2 EVOLUTION OF BANKING 8 Institute of Management Sciences. This is attributed to the fact that the Jewish transacted the business of money exchange on bench in market place. In short. a bank can stimulate the habit of savings amount for the people and provide the security and interest they offer with these savings which are deposited by people are in a position to utilize the deposited amount more productively. 2. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report CHAPTER 2 “INTRODUCTION TO BANKING” 2.” Moreover.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. It accepts deposits from one class of people at a lower rate of interest and industry for meeting the requirements. “A bank includes a body of person. a bank can increase the transaction capacity of the customers by advancing loans when they require for additional funds to finance their expanded program of business transaction.1 MEANING & ORIGIN OF BANK Some authors are of opinion that the word bank is derived from the word "Banquet" which means a "Bench". The goldsmiths. These receipts with the passage of time became payable to the bearer on demand. the present day banker has three ancestors such as merchants. it can be traced to as early as 600BC.3 The Money Lenders: The third stage in the development of banking arose when the goldsmiths became the money lenders. Kohat University of Science & Technology . These merchants were traders in commodities. 2. The merchant banking thus forms the earliest stage in the evolution of modern banking. Crowther. According to him. thus. written by G. goldsmiths & money lenders. As regards the growth of modern commercial bank. In this way the ‘goldsmiths’ note. The traders with high reputation began to issue receipts which were accepted as titles of money. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report According to the banking companies ordinance 1962 “banking is business that receive investment or lending of deposits of money from public and repayable on demand or otherwise and which draw able by cheque. 2. These goldsmiths also called Seths in India used to receive gold and silver for safe custody. draw orders or otherwise”. become a medium of exchange and a mean of payment. The “An Outline of Money”. 2. The goldsmiths began to issue receipts for the metallic money (gold & silver) kept with them. It was risky for the traders to carry metallic money with themselves for payment. They allowed the depositors to draw over and above the money 9 Institute of Management Sciences. By experience the goldsmiths (who were called money lenders) came to know that they could keep a small proportion of the total deposits for meeting the demands of customers for cash and the rest they could easily lend. These receipts or letters of transfer also called hundi in Indo Sub Continent were the first mode of payments. The trading activities were carried on by them from one place to another.2 The Goldsmiths: The second stage in the growth of banking is normally traced to earlier goldsmiths. which are briefly explain as under.2.1 The Merchants: The earliest stage in the growth of banking can be traced to the working of merchants.2. has traced the history of modern English Commercial banking. can rightly be termed as the fore-runners of the modern bank note.2.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. The first central bank was formed in Geneva in 1578. Therefore in accordance with the provision of Indian independence Act 1974. so that problem of time and demand. When every money lender and goldsmith issued receipts and most of them allowed the overdraft facilities. there were practically no industries and whatever raw material was produced was being exported from the Pakistan. 2. The money lenders and goldsmiths. The failure on the part of the money lenders and goldsmiths to return money caused widespread distress among the people.3 EVALUTION OF BANKING IN PAKISTAN At the time of independence the areas. On the recommendation of committee Reserve Bank of India continued to function in the Pakistan. In Economic terminology.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. For Indo-Pak sub continent. A conference was held in Nuremburg in 1548. Bank of England was established in 1694. there was too much confusion in the banking system. in order to earn profits. we can say that they allowed the overdraft facilities to their depositors. As a new country without resources it was very difficult for the Pakistan to run its own banking system immediately. How ever commercial banking facilities were provided fairly well here. till 30th September 1984. could not keep adequate reserves for meeting the demands of the customers for cash. currencies exchange etc be settled between India and Pakistan. It was decided that Pakistan will take over the management of public debt 10 Institute of Management Sciences. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report actually standing to their credit. coinage. It was decided that a bank should be set up by the state which should streamline the banking organization and technique. Kohat University of Science & Technology . steps were taken to regulate the banking organization. liability. which now constitute the Pakistan were producing only food grains and agricultural raw material. There were 487 offices of scheduled banks in the territories now constituting the Pakistan. In order to create confidence among the people. an expert committee was appointed to study the issue. The modern commercial banking system actually developed in the 19th century. The Indian government withheld Pakistan’s share of Rs. to safeguard the interests of both banks and the customers. In order to develop sound banking and weeding out week institutes..e. Pakistani commercial banks were nationalized in 1974. after the State Bank of Pakistan order was promulgated on 12th May 1948. Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. MCB. Following the announcement of independence plan in June 1947. The ZTBL. In a very short period of time number of scheduled banks and other specialized credit institutions rose to thirty six. 11 Institute of Management Sciences. inaugurated the State Bank of Pakistan on July 1948. The Imperial Bank closed down most of its offices in Pakistan. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report and exchange control from reserve Bank of India on 1st April 1948. The government of Pakistan decided to establish a full-fledge central Bank. the Banking Companies Act was promulgated in 1949. the numbers of branches of scheduled banks were 1591. the number of offices of scheduled banks declined from 487 to only 195 in the Pakistan. the Hindus residing in the territories now comprising Pakistan started transferring their assets to India. Moreover the banks including those having the registered offices in Pakistan transferred to India in order to bring a collapse of new state. empowering the SBP to control the operations of banking companies in Pakistan. Kohat University of Science & Technology . By 30th June 1948. Father of the Nation. which took over the agency functions in 1952 from Imperial Bank of India.75 corer in cash balance held by them at the time of partition. The urgency of assuming control of banking and currency was very badly felt now. The SBP provided every help and encouragement to Habib Bank to expend its network of branches and formulated and developed NBP in 1949 as an agent bank. There were 19 non-Indian foreign banks with the status of small branch offices. which created serious problems.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. and that India notice would continue to be legal tender to the Pakistan till 30th September 1948. which were engaged solely in export of crops from the Pakistani institutions i. Habib Bank and Australia Bank. By June 1965. but the process was reversed as nationalization proved to be defective. The government promulgated the Banking Companies Ordinance 1947. The commercial banks also manufacture credit money. 4. These banks are considered the lifeblood of the economic society. cash credits.. the SBP is the country’s central bank. Central Bank: Every civilized country now has its own central bank. Commercial Banks: These banks are engaged in performing the routine duties of banking business. In Pakistan. HBL. These banks take the responsibility of settlement of foreign exchange and arrange the foreign business.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. The nationalization of Banks in Pakistan since 1st January 1947 has heralded a new era of development and progress. In Pakistan. Exchange Banks: As name signifies. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report ABL and UBL have been privatized and HBL is expected to be privatized within near future. City Bank…etc. For e.3 CLASSIFICATION OF BANKS IN THE PAKISTAN The banks are classified according to their spheres of activities. 2. ABL.g. The main types of banks are as under: 1. these banks mainly deal with international trade.. discounting bills of exchange. 2. Kohat University of Science & Technology . The privatization process of state owned banks and enterprises started in 1991. They collect surplus money from the people.g. For e. Saving Banks: Saving banks are those banks which collect and keep the small savings of the public. The primary function of the central bank is to regulate the flow of money and credit in order to promote efficiency. The saving 12 Institute of Management Sciences. 3. They also provide agency services and general utility services. stability and growth in the country. It has taken a complete banking system with effect form January 1981. UBL…etc while other commercial banks that are owned by corporations is called as private sectors banks. They make loans and advances in the form of overdrafts. Some commercial banks are owned and controlled by the government which is called as public sector banks. NBP. They are called also thrift promoting institutions. all the nationalized commercial banks have been allowed to do the business of exchange banks. MCB. the Industrial Development Bank was set up in 1961. they are in a position to permit long term investment in industries. it brings about a rapid growth in the various sectors of the economy such as agriculture. and the SME sectors. it creates maladjustments and impediments in the process of development. 6. efficient and disciplined. fuel….etc. according to the “Company Ordinance 1984” & is name was changed to the ZTBL in 2002. 2. An agriculture bank is also called as domestic banks because these banks are registered and incorporated within the country. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report banks invest the funds in the safest government securities. industrial. fertilizers.4 ROLE OF ZTBL IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE PAKISTAN Banks play an important and active role in the economic development of a country. specialized or unspecialized banks which form the banking structure in the Pakistan are playing an active role in the 13 Institute of Management Sciences. The Post offices and saving centers perform the business of saving banks in Pakistan. If the banking system in a country is effective. Agriculture Banks: The agricultural banks (specialized banks) are set up to provide financial assistance to the agriculturists. 5. They also make medium term advances for buying tractors and introducing modern techniques in farming. Industrial Banks: The industrial banks mainly provide medium and long term credit to the industries. the ADBP is incorporated as public limited company.etc. pesticides. In Pakistan. The other institutions engaged in providing financial assistance to industries are PICIC. NDFC…. the banking system is very well organized. The SBP established on July 1st. The other banks such as commercial.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. 1948 stands at the apex and is responsible for the operation of the banking system in Pakistan. the Agricultural Development Bank of Pakistan was set up in 1981 for meeting the financial requirement of agriculture. Since the industrial banks have long term deposits. If the banking system is unorganized and inefficient. In Pakistan. In Pakistan. The agriculture banks provide short term credit to the farmers for the purchase of seeds. Kohat University of Science & Technology . medium & long term loans to farmers to invest in new enterprises and adopt new methods of production. Kohat University of Science & Technology . They expand branches of the banks in the rural and urban areas and mobilize savings even at far of places. Development of Agriculture & Industrial Sector. They help in transferring surplus capital from developed regions to the less developing regions. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report economic development of the country. The provision of timely credit increases the productive capacity of the country. The ZTBL particularly in rural areas of Pakistan are now providing credit for the development of agriculture & industrial sector. It also keeps a balance between the availability and requirements of the capital in the country. bills of exchange. cheque. has revolutionized both national and international trade. The trade industries etc of less developed regions are able 14 Institute of Management Sciences. Balanced Development of different regions. The ZTBL generally provide short. The role of the ZTBL in order to achieve economic growth and development of the Pakistan is briefly explained as under: 1. The organized banking system helps in directing physical resources into productive channels.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. The ZTBL plays an important role in achieving balanced development in different regions of the country. This has led to increased demand for industrial goods and expansion of trade & industry. credit cards…. Banks Promote Capital Formation. These savings are then made available to the businesses which make use of for productive purposes in the country. 2. 4. The provision of credit to agriculture & industrial sector has greatly helped in raising agricultural productivity and income of the farmers. The ZTBL plays an important role in rising of the financial resources.etc. Investment in new Enterprises. Businessmen normally hesitate to invest their money in risky enterprises. They encourage savings by giving various types of incentives to the savers. 3. The use of bank drafts. 7. 9. It helps in bringing price stability and promotes economic growth within shortest possible period of time. The ZTBL starts projects with the Ministry of Food. Booting the Exports: In order to boosts the exports of the agriculture and industrial goods of the Pakistan. Monetization of the Economy.833 millions to the ZTBL and thus help in accelerating the rate of economic development in the country. the banks have established export promotion cell for the information and guidance of the exporters. Agriculture & Livestock (MINFAL) launched an integrated development program entitled “Crop Maximization Project” in 15 districts. 8. This in turn. Kohat University of Science & Technology .Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. The use of money has now greatly increased the volume of production of goods. medium & long term loans for financing of development projects both in private and public sectors. increases investment. The non monetized sector (barter economy) is now being converted into monetized sector with the help of commercial banks. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report to get adequate capital for meeting their business needs. 5. The MINFAL will provide funds to the tune of Rs. Less Reliance on Foreign Capital: A planed banking system by launching a vigorous campaign of mobilizing idle saving in the country can meet the capital development requirements from within the country. Implementation of Monetary Policy. trade and production in the country. The ZTBL provide short. 15 Institute of Management Sciences. 6. The central bank of the country controls and regulates volume of credit through the active cooperation of the banking system in the country. The commercial banks by opening branches in the rural and backward areas are reducing the exchange of goods through barter. The ZTBL under the supervision and guidance of the SBP help in implementing and achieving the objectives of the monetary policy which vary from time to time.299. Financing Development Projects. The country will thus have to rely less on foreign capital for financing in the development projects. The ZTBL provides financial and technological services to the agriculturalist at their doorstep for modernization of agriculture sector in Pakistan. 2002 through repeal of the ADB Ordinance of 1961.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. premier and specialized financial institution geared towards the development of agriculture. industrial and SME sector. Kohat University of Science & Technology . services and loans for their customers. The main purpose of the ZTBL is to provide sustainable rural finance and services particularly to small farmers and low-income households to strengthen the rural and agricultural 16 Institute of Management Sciences. by providing financial products. The ZTBL was incorporated as the public limited company on 14th December. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report CHAPTER 3 “INTRODUCTION TO ZTBL” 3.0 INTRODUTION The Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited is the leading. streamlining the institutional credit and increasing income generating capacity of the farming community. The restructuring plan is being carried out with the aim to uplift the agriculture and rural sector by raising the productivity. all the assets. This amount is dividend into Rs. contracts.1 HISTORY OF ZTBL It was considered after independence of Pakistan that the existing institutional sources of credit.869. Uqab Breeding Farm Limited. 3.000 ordinary shares & the price of each shares is ten rupees.961.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. Mubarik Dairies Limited & Dadabohy Agriculture Leasing Limited in order to generate profit. According to the “Companies Ordinance 1984”. The tatal number of employees is 5. were insufficiently meeting the credit needs of farmers. Therefore the need for establishment of a third source of agricultural credit was essentially percolated so as to fulfil the credit requirements of farmers not only for production but even for the development purposes. The total number of shares of the ZTBL is Rs. on 18th November. such as.2.1.000. the ADFC was brought into existence in 1952 for the purpose of expanding financial facilities and promoting the development and modernization of agriculture in the Pakistan. 2002. 2002.500. The ZTBL make investment in some listed companies such as Nestle Milkpak Limited.000. The bank can charge 9% interest.000. 17 Institute of Management Sciences. Subsequently in 1957.000 of the ZTBL. Kohat University of Science & Technology . capital market and investment activities. Consequently. The ZTBL has one chairman.25. mitigate poverty.000 and paid up capital is Rs. taccavi and cooperatives.11.186. the ZTBL was incorporated as a the public limited company on 23th October. The ZTBL is governed by Memorandum and Article of Association and registered with the SECP under “Companies Ordinance 1984”. The ADPB is the main credit supplier to the agriculture sector in the country. the ABP was established that can provide both short term loan for production and long term loan for development. one president and ten directors. The auhorized capital of the ZTBL is Rs.612. customer satisfaction and loyalty.000. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report sector. Consequently.326. while 982 employees is provided by the KSSL. The core values of the ZTBL is the professional integrety. The ADFC & ABP were merged together as the ADPB in 18th February 1961. The ZTBL has a one subsidiary which is known as the Kissan Support Services Limited. teamwork. financially & operationally sustainable with indigenous product deployment.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd.4 CORPORATE OBJECTIVES To assist rural community. technical proficiencies & trainings of employees. To build the image of the ZTBL as a proactive. The ZTBL act as rural commercial bank to mobilize rural capital formation and to commercialize the agriculture sector by delivering the true value of credit to the client. by delivering financial products and services.3 CORPORATE MISSION To play an effective role in the promotion of economic growth. special lending programs. The ZTBL can engage in public and private. 3. products & services. client friendly. and to promote career development opportunities for increasing professionalism. wholesale and retail partnership to deepen outreach and reduce operating cost. technical assistance. 18 Institute of Management Sciences. 3.2 CORPORATEAVISION To develop and operate the ZTBL as a commercially viable bank with focus on rural and agriculture finance and to serve the needs of community. farming 3. 2002 by the Federal Government. To establish and provide backward and forward linkages to strengthen the agriculture and industrial sector. advisory and ancillary services. proceedings and undertakings of the ADBP were transferred and vested in the ZTBL on 14th December. in raising their productivity and income levels through timely delivery of credit. by enhancing the availability of credit to the agriculture sector. through reliable access to sustainable financing. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report liabilities. particularly the small farmers. Kohat University of Science & Technology . simplify operations. The seven meetings of the board are held during each year. Human Resource Development: The ZTBL can improve standards and skills of staff & management and strengthen training capacity.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. 6. accounting system including forensic accounting. 4. networking and communication tools. Governance: The ZTBL establish an environment that facilitates good governance and accountability. 3. prepare and present the financial statements with aproved accounting standard and requirement of the ‘’Banking Companies Ordinance. with an independent BOD which 19 Institute of Management Sciences. Kohat University of Science & Technology . The new corporate structure redefines the bank's status as the Public Limited Company registered under “Companies Ordinance 1984”. 5.6 BOARD OF DIRECTORS The ZTBL has one chairman. The main resposibility of the BOD is to establish and maintain a system of internal control. and increase outreach. 3. 2. and risk management functions. Systems: The ZTBL modernize operations through use of technology. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 3. Business Processes: The streamline products and delivery systems of the ZTBL are to reduce transaction costs. Information Technology: The ZTBL establish new hardware and software platform to support the MIS.5 RESTRCTURING PLAN OF ZTBL The restructuring means activity involving expansion or contraction of a organization’s operations or changes in its assets and financial structure. Products and Services: The ZTBL introduce products and services that are financially and economically viable. 1962’’ and the “Companies Ordinance 1984”. 1. one president and ten directors. The restructuring plan of the ZTBL covering the following factors. Audit Committee: This committee has one chairman. autonomy. The designation of secretary is the “Head” of the HRM Department. “List of Board of Director” 3. meetings of the ZTBL is control by two committees known as “Board & Management Committees”. Kohat University of Science & Technology . The list of the BOD is given as under. four members that are the directors of the ZTBL and one secretary from the Audit Department.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. 3. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report aims at ensuring good governance. 2.1 Board Committees 1. The designation of secretary is the “Chief Internal Auditor” of Audit Department. Risk Management Committee: This committee has one chairman & three members that are the directors of the ZTBL. delivering high quality. Human Resource Management (HRM) Committee: This committee has one chairman & president of the ZTBL.7.7 COMMIITTEES & ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF ZTBL The overall management. The sub-committees of these two committees is explain as under. 3. functions. four members that are the directors of the ZTBL and one secretary from the HRM Department. But one member designation is 20 Institute of Management Sciences. 3 Organization Structure of ZTBL: The organizational structure of the ZTBL is shown in below diagram. 3. The designation of the first member is the SEVP.7. Assets Liabilities Management Committees: This committee has one convener (CEO) & three members. The designation of the second member is the EVP. But the third member (Chief Financial Officer) act as member and secretary as well.7. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report the risk manager. Information Technology(IT) Committee: This committee has one convener & two members that are the directors of the ZTBL. the company secretary act as member and secretary as well. one secretary (Compliance Officer) & three members. 2.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. One member is from IT Department & his designation is the Chief information officer. Kohat University of Science & Technology . But in risk management committee. Executive Coordination Committee: This committee has one convener (CEO). 4. While one secretary (Head) of IT Department. 21 Institute of Management Sciences. 3.2 Management Committees 1. The designation of the first member is the SEVP of Operation Department. The designation of third member is the risk manger. The designation of the second member is the risk manger. 3.9 RANKING OF STAFF MEMBERS 22 Institute of Management Sciences. the ZTBL is largest financial development institution with a wide network of 25 zonal offices and 342 branches in the Pakistan. The network of the ZTBL Head Office is given as under. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 3. Kohat University of Science & Technology .Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd.8 ZONAL OFFICE AND BRANCHES In public sector. Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report The ranking of staff members in order of seniority in the ZTBL is given as under. 23 Institute of Management Sciences. Kohat University of Science & Technology . The KSSL is a separate and distinct legal entity that is controlled by the ZTBL. Besides manpower support a service. repairing. The KSSL operates under the Memorandum and Article of Association.100 million. Provide mail management. Its aim is to provide a support to the management of the ZTBL such as to focus on core banking business and assign non-core activities. The KSSL also provide support staff and services to the ZTBL in the following areas.No. 24 Institute of Management Sciences. Kohat University of Science & Technology . The KSSL has an authorized capital of Rs. No. the KSSL has also provided following support services to the ZTBL. It was incorporated as owned subsidiary of the ZTBL that function independently effective from 1st January 2006.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. I. Head Office as will as in field offices. maintenance & photographing services to ZTBL Recruitment and provision of staff Provides farms and the ZTBL Staff College. of Employees S. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 3. Category of Employees Provided By KSSL 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 Darbans and Armed Guards Drivers Naib Qasids Mali / Beldars Typists. Assistants & Senior Assistants Security Supervisor Sweepers Players Others Total 526 291 54 25 41 03 07 20 15 982 ll.10 SUBSIDRAY The ZTBL has one subsidiary which is known as the “Kissan Support Services Limited”. The KSSL has recruited and developed support staff of following table categories in ZTBL. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report Provide security services not only to the ZTBL Head Office but also to branches and zonal offices. equipments to borrowers for efficient pumping of waters.0 INTRODUCTION The ZTBL has provided many products and services for their customers. such as provides schemes and loans. the ZTBL provides many facilities for their customers. The Pakistan is an agriculture country and the products and services of the ZTBL plays very important role in increasing the GDP and accelerates economic growth. obviously help the customers to invest money in their businesses. For this purpose. 22 million hectors is cultivated while 9 million 25 Institute of Management Sciences. CHAPTER 4 “PRODUCTS & SERVICES OF ZTBL” 4. to get maximum profit from it and to pay low interest rates.1. The Schemes of the ZTBL is which is briefly explains as under . The product and services of the ZTBL can raise the living standard of rural areas and develop the agriculture sectors of a country as well. Out of total 31 million hectors area of the Pakistan.1 Sairab Pakistan Scheme: The ZTBL can raise the irrigated area for the purpose to accelerate rate economic growth and to facilitate the farmers. mitigate poverty and accelarte groth. The ZTBL will provide loans to the farmers for installation of tube wells and turbines whereas KSB Pumps Company Limited will provide quality pumps.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. turbines. in order to strengthen the rural and agricultural sector of econnomy. 4. The water can plays vital role to improve per acre yield. 4. The ZTBL has assigned the collaboration agreement with the KSB Pumps Company Limited under the Sairab Pakistani Scheme. Kohat University of Science & Technology .1 SCHEMES OF ZTBL The ZTBL provides various schemes for customers. Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report hectors is not cultivated & waste mainly due to non-availability of water. More over increase in water supply being a key input is required to raise cropping intensity and hence the income of the farmer. Since inception the ZTBL financed over 143000 tube wells amounting to Rs.15 billion. The KSB Pumps Company will provide quality machinery and equipment for efficient pumping of water. The company shall also provide after sale service including replacement of parts and availability of spares through its network of dealers despite technological advancements and rapid growth of industrial sector, agriculture is still the back bone of the Pakistan's economy. It contributes 22% towards the GDP and employs nearly 45% of country's labor force. It provides raw material for preparation of industrial products. So it has both pulled & pushes effect on the economy. 4.1.2 Supervised Agriculture Credit Scheme: Under this scheme agriculture loans are given for short, medium and long term loans up to Rs.1 million per borrower. The loans are sanctioned for fats, livestock, orchard, tractor, agricultural machinery, tube well and irrigation facilities. Under the scheme besides provision of credit, information is to the farmers for planning the farm, production, guidance for implementation of the scheme, marketing and repayment of loans. 4.1.3 White Revolution Scheme: In order to modernize the dairy farming for increasing milk supply, mitigate poverty in Pakistan, and improving the living standards of the rural areas in Pakistan for the purpose to achieve growth and development in agriculture sector of Pakistan, the ZTBL may start the “Strategic Partnership” agreement with the Pakistan Development Diary Company (PDDC) and the Nestle Pakistan Limited (NPL) under the white revolution scheme. Under this participatory approach, the diary sector would be modernized with a view to increase milk supply, mitigate poverty and improve the living standard of the rural population. The ZTBL has earmarked funds to the tune of Rs.5000 millions for financing of 50,000 animals (buffaloes and imported cows) during the five years period 2007 to 2011. The 26 Institute of Management Sciences, Kohat University of Science & Technology Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report PDDC will also help the ZTBL in the selection of clients and processing of loan cases. Initially the schemes will be for modernization of 5000 farmers during 5 years period involving Rs.700 million. Under the scheme 1000 farms would be covered on yearly basis. The modernization of dairy farm will be carried out through financing milk cooling tank, generator, voltage stabilizer, hot water geezer, water pump, cooling pad and other dairy equipment. There would be maximum limit of loan of Rs.1 million per borrower party. The PDDC would bear the entire amount of mark-up charged in the loan cases & provided the 50% of principal part of loan is repaid in time by the borrower. The remaining 50% amount of principal along with the amount of mark-up would be paid by the PDDC. The Nestle Pakistan Limited would help to select and identify good clients for the ZTBL to improve quality breed of foreign and local dairy animals. The NPL can provide technical guidance to the farmers through nestle veterinary doctors. The NPL would purchase milk through its network and make weekly payments of milk sale to the ZTBL for the adjustment of loan. 4.1.4 Micro Credit Scheme: This Scheme has been launched since 15th July, 2000 for the uplift of rural poor. The landless poor such as; tillers, harries and small land owners having land not exceeding 2 acres may avail loan under Micro Credit Scheme. It is operational in all branches of the ZTBL through all the Mobile Credit Officers. Both, men and women may obtain loans under the scheme as an individual or as a member of group of 5-10 members. The minimum credit limit is Rs. 5,000 while maximum credit limit is Rs.25,000. One hundred and thirty six income generating activities or cottage industry items have been identified for lending under the scheme. The loan may be advanced against one surety with 50% solvency of the assessed value of property owned by the guarantor or security of tangible property. Being small loans involving high cost 18% per annum mark-up is charged, whereas 2% rebate is given on timely repayment. All loans under these Schemes are recoverable within 18 months after disbursement of loan. 27 Institute of Management Sciences, Kohat University of Science & Technology Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 4.1.5 Zarkhaiz Scheme (One Window Operation): For timely and conveniently provision of credit to purchase inputs, loans is provided to the borrowers under this scheme being conducted twice a week during Rabi & Kharif seasons. All the related departments such as revenue, agriculture, post office….etc. attend the focal points which are established at convenient places. The farmers get their pass books prepared and loan applications processed on the same day whereas sanction payments are made within three days at branch. For Rabi crops, one window operation from October to January and for Kharif crops from April to September each year which is extendable as per requirement of particular area. 4.1.6 Sada Bahar Scheme: For providing timely input loans for crops and working capital for poultry and fishery etc, the ZTBL has launched a Sada Bahar Scheme. This scheme is also known as “Revolving Finance Scheme”. The assessment for inputs requirements for the whole year is made at the time of first application. The amount so assessed is treated as revolving limit provided it is within the security limit. The managers are authorized to sanction such loan limits up to Rs.5 Lake. The salient features of the scheme are given as under: 1. 2. 3. 4. Revolving Credit Limit is fixed to cater production credit and ancillary requirements of the farmers during one year period. The borrowers can draw the credit in lump sum or in installments according to his requirement. The borrowers can repay in lump sum or in installments during the year when his cash position allows him. The Pass Book containing transactions in his account is supplied to every borrower free of cost. 4.1.7 Tea Financing Scheme: In order to increase the tea cultivation in Mansehra, Swat, Mutta and Dir in Malakand Division, the tea financing scheme has been introduced which would not only save the hard earned foreign exchange but would 28 Institute of Management Sciences, Kohat University of Science & Technology the first year installment is Rs.1 Production Loans: These loans are given to farmers for seed. 2. 1.000. 4. All the farmers owing land up to five acres are eligible to avail loans. third 4. labor charges…etc. water rates & fuel wood for tobacco curing 29 Institute of Management Sciences.000. Kohat University of Science & Technology . The salient features of the scheme are given as under: 1. to grow crops and vegetables including working capital for poultry. The amount of disbursement of production loan.222 million for overall four provinces. is 50. insecticides and herbicides manual sprayers Poultry feed. 7.15.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. 4.30.60. orchard and fishery and are recoverable within one and half year.2 LOANS OF ZTBL The ZTBL provides loans for the development and growth of rural areas and uplift of farm activities. 3. pesticides. chicks and medicines Hire charges of farm power Water charges and electric charges for tube well Production loan for growth of mushroom Hired labor. 4.000 per acre has been fixed. fertilizer. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report also help to improve the socio-economic condition and living standard of the inhabitants of the area.2. The example of production loans items are given as under. 6. The credit would be repayable within 11 years with 6 years grace period with prescribed markup of 9% per annum. second year installment is Rs.15.000 and installment is year Rs. fertilizers and fuel Pesticides. 3. The maximum credit ceiling of Rs. dairy. The amount of credit will be given in three installments. The loans of ZTBL are briefly explained as under. at the end of December 31. 2. Seeds. 5. 20 Moreover. Provinces Panjab Sindh NWFP Balochistan Disbursement of Loans ( Rupees) 44.2 Development Loans: The loans for purchase of items like farm machinery. dairy. The amount of disbursement of development loan is 5. The short term loans are also called production loans having maturity period is one year. The installments of these loans are made on monthly. and orchard. I. farming….690 million at the end of 2007. biannually and annually basis and the recovery or maturity period is 5 years. fishery. Medium term loans are for development and advance purposes the examples of these loans are dairy farming and livestock. labor charges…etc.50% 13. poultry.000.000 3. 2007 is given as under.20 6. Kohat University of Science & Technology . The long term loans are for tractor.000.000 99. biannually and yearly basis and the maturity period is 8 years and above. fertilizer. pesticides. for overall four provinces. The installments of these loans are made on monthly. These loans are recoverable in lump sum commencing after the harvest or marketing of respective crops. 2.802. 1. 3. agricultural machinery. 4.80% 3. green houses. III.384. livestock.No.000 %age 79.. “Summary of Term Wise Disbursement of Loans” S. Term wise Disbursement of Loans Short Term Loan (Production Loans) Medium Term Loan (Development Loans) Long Term Loan (Development Loans ) Maturity 12months 5 years 8 years %age 89.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd.000 7. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 4.000. 2.etc are recoverable up to one to eight years. II. the term wise disbursement of loans of bank is on short.80 30 Institute of Management Sciences. orchard. the provinces wise disbursement of loans & its percentages at end of 31st December. medium and long term basis. 1. poultry farming. irrigation. These loans are given to farmers for seed.2. to grow crops and vegetables. However.No.327. S.80 0.40 6. land development.000. 3. tractors. The bank may dispose off the mortgaged properties of defaulters for satisfaction of its dues with out intervention of courts under “Financial Institutions Ordinance 2001”. further legal action will be taken to recover the dues.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. In case of default or failure in repayment of any installment on due date the mark-up shall continue to be charged and last installment due to this may differ from the amount of installments fixed at the time of disbursement. account is to be settled by recovery of amount from the auction of the mortgaged property. It is issued before the due date of every installment. The bank may purchase the mortgaged property if considered feasible to dispose it off later on through auction or in any manner deemed fit for getting the best price. Issuance of Notice: The ZTBL can issue notice for recovery of loan which is known as “Demand Notice”. Recovery Schedule: The recovery schedule in each loan case as per terms of sanction of loan is fixed and communicated to the borrowers after disbursement of loan. Where the court in bank's favor has decreed a case. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 4. 31 Institute of Management Sciences.3 RECOVERY PROCEDURE OF LOAN The recovery procedure of the ZTBL loan is to carried and taken by three steps such as recovery schedule. A legal notice is issued one month after the due date informing the borrower that if the amount is not repaid within next one month. issuance of notice and legal action which is briefly explain as under. Kohat University of Science & Technology . Legal Action: The legal action can be initiated against the defaulter if loan is not repaid even after expiry of legal notice period. mitigate poverty. planning. to manage funds. Moreover this division acts as the backbone for the bank. financial statements and budgets and to manage. This division provides schemes and loans for small and large farmers. This division manages the bank’s financial relations with the objectives of providing loans to borrowers. capital market and investment activities. mobilization and administration of the bank's financial resources such as products and services. the farmers can invest money in their businesses and to get maximum profit from it and to pay low interest rates. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report CHAPTER 5 “FINANCE & ACCOUNTS DIVISION” 5.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. The ZTBL lends money to the individuals or corporations for consumption or investment and charge interest on the loans. By getting loans and register with schemes. in order to strengthen the rural and agricultural sector of Paksitan. The main aim and responsibility of this division is to make policies. But besides this. finance is the science that deals with the funds management such as saving and lending 32 Institute of Management Sciences. preparation of accounts. Kohat University of Science & Technology . distribute and reconcile funds of all zonal offices and branches of the ZTBL.0 INTRODUCTION OF THE FINANCE & ACCOUNTS DIVISION The Finance and Accounts Division of the ZTBL is responsible for handling the financial affairs and keeping the records of all the transactions. To managing the bank’s assets and liability portfolio. In short. an account is an arrangement between a buyer and a seller in which payments are to be made in future. To prepare. To overseeing internal controls in the processing of financial transactions accounts. To providing proactive financial policy. Kohat University of Science & Technology . timely strategic financial planning and risk management. To reconcile funds of all zonal offices and branches of the ZTBL. mitigate poverty and increase the living standard of people of rural ares. To maintain a books of accounts. budgeting and to formulate the budgeting estimates of revenue and capital expenditure. To administer. In other words. money and risk and how they are interrelated. this division can a gain a tremendous importance over the other division in the ZTBL. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report money while account is a record of financial transactions for an asset or individual. However.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. To manage the cash inflows and out flows. budgets.1 FUNNCTIONS OF FINANCE & ACCOUNTS DIVISION This division mainly deals with concept of time. prompt and accurate financial reporting and preparing audited financial statements for the bank's annual report. To coordinate and facilitate a business planning. through its functions and truly be called as the backbone for the bank. and credit of the bank. including management and disbursement of loans. 33 Institute of Management Sciences. The main functions of the FAD is given as under. finance works most basically through individuals and business organizations depositing money in a bank. 5. in order to manage funds. monitor and control the bank’s loan and portfolios. It also deals with how money is budgeted. preparation of accounts. The four departments & their sub unit of the FAD are given as under. budgets and to manage. financial statements. which plays very important role in financial affairs and keeping the records of all the transaction. To prepare quarterly.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. 5. semiannually and annual financial statements and its agenda for presentation to the Audit Committee and the BOD & also to prepare annual capital adequacy ratio for certification by external auditors This division ensuring that all financial obligations are met and collections are made. in order to make financial decisions. Head Office Accounts Department (HOAD) Payroll Unit Fund Unit Payment unit 34 Institute of Management Sciences. 1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report To manage and rectify the accounts of zonal offices and braches. Central Accounts Department (CAD) Policy Unit Accounts Unit Tax Unit Fixed Asset Unit (FAU) Pre-payment Verification Unit (PVU) 2. Kohat University of Science & Technology . distribute and to reconcile funds of all zonal offices and branches of the ZTBL Heads Office.2 CLASSIFICATION OF FINANCE & ACCOUNTS DIVISION In order to classify the finance and accounts division of ZTBL. there are four departments. To consolidate all the financial statements of zonal offices and braches. 3 HIERARCHY OF FINANCE & ACCOUNTS DIVISION 35 Institute of Management Sciences. Regulatory Reporting Department (RRD) Regulatory & Internal Reporting Unit (RIRU) Financial management Information Unit (FMISU) 4.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. Budget & Fund Reconciliation Department (BFRD) Budget Planning Unit Budget Analysis Unit Treasury Unit Fund Reconciliation Unit (FRU) 5. Kohat University of Science & Technology . Chapter 1 Introduction to Report Intra Branch Transaction (Reconcilitation) Unit (IBTU) 3. 0 INTRODUCTION OF CAD The CAD is abbreviated to Central Accounts Department. to get the image in sense of profitability or loss and to make financial decisions. the accountants formulate the accounting policies & procedures. They are responsible for both kinds of assets fixed and liquid assets and to maintain the depreciation accounts for all those assets acquired by the bank. In this department the balance sheet and profit and loss account is also prepared for financial year. I was attached actually to maintain the real accounts which are assets and liabilities. This department maintains the actual or real accounts of the ZTBL. There are many accounting policies & procedures used in the CAD. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report CHAPTER 6 “CENTARL ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT” 6. 36 Institute of Management Sciences. Kohat University of Science & Technology . In this department.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. In order to present the true financial position of he bank in financial statements. Kohat University of Science & Technology . To deal with all corporate tax matter & liaison with tax department. To prepare the periodic financial statements of the bank & to deal with all related matters. owner’s equity. 6. 37 Institute of Management Sciences. To notify the schedule of bank charges.1 OBJECTIVES OF CAD Formulation & maintenance of the accounting policies & procedures with applicable accounting standards which ensure dissemination & implementation across the bank. tax advisors.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd.etc The compilation of fixed assets schedule of the Head Office departments & branches. revenues and expenses. zonal offices & branches. Follow up and collection of fixed assets schedule along with supporting documents from the ZTBL Head Office departments. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 6. To maintaining & updating of chart of accounts for recording of financial transactions. Preparation of financial statements as per requirement of statue and to ensure the proper accounting of assets.2 FUNCTIONS OF CAD To issue the instructions relating to accounting policies & procedures and allocation of specimen signature numbers to the authorized signatories of the branches & maintenance of signature booklet. income. liabilities. consultants…. To Issue the guidelines and instructions regarding periodicals closing of accounts and deductions of tax at source. sanction of leaves & approvals for tour programs & travel allowance 6. 38 Institute of Management Sciences. To arrange compliance of internal & external audit observation relating to the accounting matters of the ZTBL Head Office.1 UNITS OF CENTRAL ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT Policy Unit: To device accounting procedure regarding accounting in the Head Office and branches & to circulate revision of mark-up or return rate for compliance by the branches. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report To coordinate with internal & external auditors and the SBP inspection team and to arrange credit rating of the bank. To deal with management latter & executive summary. deals with their leaves & other administrative matters. such as policy matters relating to the operation of accounts. zonal offices and branches.3. To coordinate with external auditors & to arrange payments to external auditor’s bills.1. To perform administrative functions for the department such as.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. To coordinate with other departments in the Head Office on policy matters. zonal offices & branches.3 6.1. Kohat University of Science & Technology . To maintains personal files of the employees. To conduct prepayment verification of sanctions pertaining to the HOAD. To update the specimen signatures booklet for use of authorized signatories in the ZTBL Head Office. To prepare bank charges schedule & there circulation among branches and submission to the SBP on half yearly basis. To allocate new GLH for accounting purpose and issue instructions those are relevant to the books of accounts. Kohat University of Science & Technology . 6. To coordinate with internal and external auditors and the SBP inspection team regarding periodical accounts.1. To deal with all matters relating to system analysis. To prepare list of abnormal entries & balances for rectification.1. To prepare quarterly.3. settlement of accounting errors.3 Tax Unit: To Issue guidelines regarding deduction of tax at source under the “Income Tax Ordinance.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report To provide guidelines to the zonal offices and branches regarding rectification. To arrange & coordinate with credit rating of the bank & provide information regarding credit rating of the bank. semiannually and annual financial statements and its agenda for presentation to the Audit Committee and the BOD & also to prepare annual capital adequacy ratio for certification by external auditors.2 Accounts Units: To coordinate with concerned departments of is division for timely production of statement of affairs. semiannually and annual basis.3. 39 Institute of Management Sciences. 2001”. software development & maintenance of statement of affairs. audit observation and adjustment of suspense account. 6. To arrange compilation and merger of statement of affairs and it is also provide to auditors for auditing purposes. To Issue guidelines and instructions to the branches regarding closing of accounts on quarterly. TO compile balances under relevant group of heads from trial balances for preparation of financial statements. 40 Institute of Management Sciences. zonal offices and branches on quarterly basis. appeals fee & other mandatory payments required under the “Income Tax Ordinance. zonal offices and branches.4 Fixed Asset Unit: To timely dispatch of format for fixed assets schedule to the ZTBL Head Office departments. To maintain the up-to-date record of fixed assets at the zonal offices branches and the ZTBL Head Office. to tax advisor and tax department. To pursue the tax refund case with income tax offices. through tax consultant. 2001”. 2001”. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report To collect tax payment documentary evidences for tax deducted at source from the branches for submission.1. To reconcile the data with statement of affairs of the concerned zonal offices and branches. Kohat University of Science & Technology . The persuasion & collection of fixed assets schedule along with supporting documents from branches as well as from ZTBL Head Office departments. income tax authorities & the SBP on tax issues. 6. To prepare statement & payment of advance tax under the “Income Tax Ordinance.. To arrange payments to tax advisor.3.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. To monitor and verify the depreciation charged by departments of the ZTBL Head Office. To compile the addition and deletion of fixed assets on quarterly basis by the ZTBL Head Office. zonal offices and branches. To compile or summarize the fixed assets schedule on country level. To coordinate with tax consultant. To guide branches for settlement of tax issues and to attend tax related audit observations and arrange compliance. 6.5 Pre-payment Verification Unit To verify all payments relating to Head Office. To calculate the amount for the deferred tax assets. To perform any other assignment as and when assigned by the competent authority. To check budget. To check completeness of documentation and To verify the arithmetic accuracy of payments & budgets. To check availability of sanction of the competent authority.1. its ceiling and procedural compliance. To check competence financial power of approving authority. To coordinate with the external auditors on the issues relating to fixed assets of the bank. To perform any other assignment as and when assigned by the competent authority. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report To make the adjustment of depreciation charged under intimation to concerned accounts units and to verify the disposal of fixed assets booked by the branches. CHAPTER 7 “HEAD OFFICE ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT” 41 Institute of Management Sciences.3. Kohat University of Science & Technology .Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. In the HOAD.2 Funds Unit: In this unit. 1. employee’s provident fund and general provident fund and also the investment of surplus funds in approved schemes. which are given as under. The main objective of this department is to maintain accounting functions of all over the bank and to centralize the accounts as well”. finance. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 7. I have learnt how to manage the deductions from the salary of employees as a fund. defining its primary domain in business. there are ten types of deductions from fund in the ZTBL Head Office.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. In short. Kohat University of Science & Technology . 3. 4. The main objective of this unit is to maintain the book of accounts. employee’s contributory funds such as contributory provident fund. 7. the specialized accounting software and the COBOL administrative system is used for recording the transactions. 5. and administrative systems for companies and government. 7. I have learnt how to prepare the payroll. the COBOL administrative system is used for the purpose to record the salaries. This department also works on tax deduction from pay. how tax is deducted and distributed to employees which are managed by this wing.1. The COBOL is the acronym for COmmon Business Oriented Language.1.1 Payroll Unit: In this unit. leave encashment. financial information and to deduct tax from salaries of the employees. and how to process the payments of bounces.0 INTRODUCTION OF HOAD The HOAD is abbreviated to Head Office Accounts Department.1 UNITS OF HOAD 7. which is paid to employees. overtime and other allowances. 2. Moreover. ZTBL Employees benefit fund Benevolent fund (officers) Benevolent fund (staff) General provident fund (officers) General provident fund (staff) 42 Institute of Management Sciences. In this unit. this unit mainly deals with the accounts related to salary of employees. Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. In view of above it is direly needed that to have an efficient and robust the Inter Branch Reconciliation System with effective internal controls to handle high volume of data with accuracy & also with an in built flexibility to handle the expectations. 7.3 Payment Unit: In this unit. Here the nature of the IBTU is to reconcile the Head Office to branch books.1.4 Inter Branch Transaction Unit (IBTU): In this unit. 7. The main function of the IBTU is to ensure timely reconciliation of inter branch transactions and to provide the list of outstanding entries to the branches for reconciliation for the purpose to correspond with the branches and zonal offices for settlement of outstanding entries in order to coordinate with the ZTBL Head Office for follow-up. and then record them on papers and also on computer database. The basic functions are to make payments to employees or outsiders from whom we have gotten goods or services. Kohat University of Science & Technology . here the payment is not in cash. they issue notes to the employees of bank and issue cheques to the outsiders. the working is related to the payments. a good bank reconciliation system helps detect these. The main function of this unit is to summarize the record of transactions and to provide different kinds of reports to the needy department and personals. Here they basically prepare the reconciliation statements relating to zonal offices and branches in the ZTBL Head Office. The transactions between the Head Office & branches to transfer the cost and amount of assets. I have learnt that in this wing all the queries related to the branches and zonal offices are maintained in the ZTBL Head Office. These transactions are of two types. 10. liabilities. This unit becomes important for banks to protect their assets. 43 Institute of Management Sciences. In case of fraudulent or errors in transaction due to negligence. expenses & income are called the “Inter Branch Transactions”. Contributory provident fund Pension fund Gratuity fund Employees provident fund Gratuity 2005 Fund trust 7.1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 6. 9. 8. Following checks are applied in software to get accurate results & to reduce the chances of risk. The performance of the IBTU is dependent on branches behavior. Head Office to Branch & Vise Versa. 44 Institute of Management Sciences.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. is used for inter branch transaction which contains following information. Checking of the GLH Checking of debt amount into credit amount. known as an “advice”. Branch to Branch Transactions. outstanding entries are unmatched records of the Central Accounts File (CAF) or a record exists either only in “O” file or “R” file. While. advice is document which is used only to communicate the information of certain transaction to authorized offices of the ZTBL. The debit advice is prepared to transfer the assets & expenses by one office to another office of the ZTBL. a document is used. Nature of transaction Date of transaction Transaction amount Contra branch information In other words. Checking of transaction date and advice number. there is a need to fix responsibility on branches to clear all outstanding entries either originated or to be responded. in the IBTU. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report I. Kohat University of Science & Technology . On the other hand. It is a printed form of document (ACF-71). Hence. The bank’s liabilities & Income are transferred through credit advice. The vouchers are also prepared parallel to advice to record these transactions. II. Specialized accounting software is designed or being used for reconciliation of the “Inter Branch Transactions”. Checking of credit amount into debit amount. Checking of contra branch code and central account code. Moreover. Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 7.1.4.1 Objectives of IBTU: The IBTU can manage the two objectives such as internal control and prudence of the SBP instructions. I. Inter control implies proper check on inter branch transactions to minimize the chances of fraud & to run the operations effectively & efficiently. In this regard various policies and procedures were formulated to secure the Bank’s operations. These are being revised by management on different occasions to increase the effectiveness & efficiency. II. The SBP is regulatory body who monitors and regulates the function and activities of banks in Pakistan. The SBP issues instructions and guidelines in respect of operations, financial reporting, risk assessment…..etc for all banks. In this connection relevant instruction on the issue is reproduced such as; “For all the outstanding entries in Inter Branch Transaction account and in suspense account must be reconciled and taken into the proper head of account with in a maximum period of time thirty days from the date of recording transaction.” 7.1.4.2 Unit Structure of the IBTU : This unit is divided into three sub sections on the basis of its operations and the unit structure is given as under; 7.1.4.3 Responsibilities of Unit Incharge of the IBTU: The unit incharge can supervise the over all management, in order to plan, manage & supervise daily reconciliation process. However, unit incharge can also ensure that inter branch accounts are properly reconciled on daily basis, randomly review of matched items and coordination with concerned departments and units to ensure that expectations 45 Institute of Management Sciences, Kohat University of Science & Technology Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report are cleared on a timely basis. It is also the responsibility of unit incharge that is to prepare the monthly reconcilement balancing reports. l. Responsibilities of Computer Section of the IBTU: The main responsibility of this department is to collect data from the ITSSD on daily basis and to producing list of outstanding entries and its updating. However, necessary corrections are made & monthly statement of cash in transit is prepared. The computer section also prepares special reports for external and internal auditors & the SBP inspection team. ll. Responsibilities of Coordination Section of the IBTU: This section assist unit Incharge in planning & managing of daily reconciliation process. However, this section also assists computer section in preparation of reports for higher management and special reports for external and internal auditors and the SBP inspection team. This section not only coordinates with Head Office, zonal offices and branches but also with departments and units of Head Office for settlement of outstanding entries and coordination with sub sections of IBTU in closing of accounts as well. lll. Responsibilities of Record Maintenance Section of the IBTU : This section can maintain branch wise records, diary, dispatch file and coordination with internal and external auditors & the SBP inspection team. 7.1.4.4 Steps in Information Processing of the IBTU: There are some steps in information processing of the IBTU, for reconciliation of transaction, which is briefly explained as under; I. II. The vouchers & advices are prepared in branch and posted to the The ITSSD compiles the Central Accounts File (CAF), 6950 on Zonal Computer Center (ZCC) on daily and weekly basis. daily basis & access is given to the IBTU. The CAF, contains information about the Inter Branch Transactions. The file consists of two sub files:a. The “O" file of central account file keeps the records of originating entries. 46 Institute of Management Sciences, Kohat University of Science & Technology Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report b. The “R” file of central account file keeps the records of responding transactions. III. IV. The IBTU is using software for reconciliation of the Inter Branch Transactions. The computerized merging & matching process is started after collection of fresh data on daily basis. a. The “merging process” means copying a fresh data from main CAF & pastes it in existing data base of the CAF maintained by the IBTU. b. The “matching process “ is a process wherein “O” file reads “R” file & match the contents of originating transactions with the responding transactions. V. A computerized list of outstanding entries is produced after merging and matching of data. This can be seen on the IBR system throughout the branches. VI. In final step, persuation will be done by the IBTU, for reconciliation. However, persuation means follow-up to settle the entries for advice. 7.1.4.5. Diagrammatic Representation of Information Processing of the IBTU: The diagrammatic representation of the information processing of the IBTU is given as under; 47 Institute of Management Sciences, Kohat University of Science & Technology 0 INTRODUCTION OF RRD This department sends reports to the SBP. its consolidation and reporting as per regulatory requirements. This department collects information from various sources such as zonal offices. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report CHAPTER 8 “REGULATORY REPORTING DEPARTMENT” 8. The RRD basically is to collect. The ZTBL has to communicate and submit different returns to the SBP and truly be called as regulator at different intervals. For the purpose a department named as Regulatory Reporting Department (RRD) has been established. I learnt how to prepare balance sheet. CAD…. To make periodic financial reporting to the management. The main aim of the RRD is to compliance to the statutory reporting requirements & makes periodic financial reporting to the management.etc and reports the data to the SBP after consolidation. To prompt and accurate analysis to aid decision-making. There are two ways of sending report to the SBP such as. customize and provide with the information to various stakeholders to meet their specific requirement on timely basis.1 OBJECTIVES OF RRD To improve effectiveness in meeting statutory reporting obligations. analyzed. branches.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. to send report through courier service or to send online. subsequent 48 Institute of Management Sciences. income statement and how to find ratios.2 FUNCTIONS OF RRD To redesign system of data capturing.. process. Here in this department. ITSSD. 8. Kohat University of Science & Technology . 8. IV.3 8. Central Account Department (CAD) Head Office Account Department (HOAD) Head Office Operations Department (HOOD) Budget and Funds Reconciliation Department (BFRD)’ 49 Institute of Management Sciences. Staff members have been assigned duties in such away that is to facilitate the whole procedure of data collection. Internal and external auditor. To coordinate with different departments and zonal offices for collection of requisite data and to Issuance of guidelines for preparation and consolidation of data.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. analyzed. customize the collected data of bank and which is then provide to various stakeholders to meat their specific requirement on timely basis. To carry out periodic review and analysis of financial results and it’s reporting to concerned. To arrange compliance of internal or external audit observation on regulatory reports.1 UNITS OF RIRD Regulatory and Internal Reporting Unit (RIRU): In this unit. Moreover. not only with ITSSD but also with some other departments such as: I. I have learnt how the data is process. The information is mainly collected through FMISU in coordination and relationship management. 8. analysis & eventually the reporting. customization. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report To ensure implementation of changes in reporting requirements as amended from time to time and to design and implement internal reporting mechanism. The main source of information is the Information Technology and System Support Department (ITSSD). The RIRU has been designed to face the over changing needs of internal and external reporting. II. the main aim of this unit is to customizes the collected information on needed basis and forward it to the respective recipients such as SBP. agencies….3.etc. III.. Kohat University of Science & Technology . 3. 3. The working load on employees is reduced. semiannually and yearly results. Recovery Department (RD) Branch Banking 8.1 Role of the FMISU: Every unit has their own importance but the FMIS is performing and playing a vital role in the ZTBL. 8.2. to drill down and to see daily or hourly data if required. In short. in order to make financial decision and comparison for the purpose to check the productivity.2 Financial Management Information System Unit (FMISU): The FMIS is that system which is helping the management of the bank financially. the FMISU can plan. departments and units. hand. All the information is updated day by day due to the use of FMIS. the FMIS enables mangers. 4. the FMIS help managers to collect financial information at any time such as on daily. in the ZTBL is availing many advantages which are given as under. They are now developing and implementing the FMIS in the ZTBL in each and every department by the use of computerized processing and management report systems. The process of recording transactions is error free with the use of the FMIS. Quick access to data and services. The FMIS provides the mangers with reports and often online access to organization’s current performance and historical records. Kohat University of Science & Technology . While. 2. although its development has been started since 1997. The chances of data loss are minimized. This system is oriented almost exclusively for internal events but not for external events and can help managers to gain access data of the bank at any time. On the other. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report V. weekly. 50 Institute of Management Sciences. 1. quarterly.3. the MIS is the study of information system in business and management and act as bridge between top and low level management in the ZTBL.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. Better communication among divisions. which is precise and accurate that also save the precious time in the age of globalization. growth and development of the ZTBL in agriculture sector of Pakistan. control and summarize the internal data of bank. Although. VI. monthly. in making the right decisions at the right time. 6. However. In this department. goal focus and financial control. Allied Bank Limited and Muslim Commercial Bank Limited However.0 INTRODUCTION The BFRD stands for Budget & Fund Reconciliation Department. The main aim of this department is to preparation of financial plan for bank’s credit limits. and issue the fund or budget to the needy department or branch. This department monitors their record which receives from zonal offices and branches in order to fulfill the requirements. United Bank Limited. The main purpose of budget is to 51 Institute of Management Sciences. CHAPTER 9 “BUDGET & FUND RECONCILIATION DEPARTMENT” 9. owner oversight. in order to get the desired goals of stakeholders’ value enhancement. budgeting is an effective tool of planning and control exercised in the ZTBL to help management. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 5. Middle managers check the financial reports. Habib Bank Limited. Customized annual reports are generated. This department is also known as Budget & Fund Management Department. 7. budgets are used for. The BFRD receives the intimation and they transfer fund and to receive the surplus fund form the branches. The branches send their records to BFRD. A budget is a road map that facilitate where one is and where one want to go and how can one go to one’s desired goal point. Easy and quick data transfer from one branch to another.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. this department prepares the budget for upcoming financial year or monitors the previous budget and to create funds. National bank of Pakistan. Here ZTBL remits the needs of the branches through commercial banks such as. While. I have learnt that how to respond for application of note received from branch or any department. Kohat University of Science & Technology . This department maintains budget and fund for branches and other needy departments. funds review and their application. 2 FUNCTIONS OF BFRD To developing policies. To spend money cost-effectively. the main sources of budget are primary & secondary data.etc 9. control and evaluate.1 O B J E C T I V E S BFRD credit disbursement. To reach the specific goals you have set. To coordination with administrative and governance groups on the issues relating to the budget. The Automation of budget process. Kohat University of Science & Technology . To allocate of departmental code numbers with the change in the organizational set up as per requirement. 9. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report plan. Moreover. To analyze. treasury & treasury data. activities and spending as needed. accurate and well thought out budgets in the beginning the more likely you will be able to. compile report and to manage funds. procedures and standards for budget planning and analysis. annual reports…. To strength the internal control system. To adjust plans. 52 Institute of Management Sciences. motivate. The more clear. preservation of the data and obtaining approval from the BOD for annual budget.. To arrange adequate resources for maintenance of adequate liquidity for efficient To reconcile budget and fund in order to enhance the value of stakeholders. communicate. This department is based on the strategic planning of the bank arranging budget estimates from all over the bank. Timely discharge of liabilities and all operation of the ZTBL.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. To optimize the return on financial resources of the ZTBL. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report To dealing with matters relating to the appropriation and re-appropriation of capital and revenues expenditures as well as reserves for contingencies during the year. To preparation of quarterly evaluation and review on expenditure with budget provisions and submission to the Audit Committee. The Provision and analysis of any other information required to support institutional planning and decision making. To develop a future strategy for projection of budget. Kohat University of Science & Technology . To make repayment of principal installments and their interest in time in respect of the SBP loans. To arrange the training and support to the departments and divisions for the Budget Development Cycle. To prepare the information regarding performance of department-wise financial activities and their analysis according to the data reflecting to the performance. To monitor the expenses for ensuring financial discipline and taking remedial steps for excess expenditures. Ministry of Finance and senior management of the bank. To monitor of reconciliation of the bank accounts of branches with other commercial banks. To dealing with matters relating to borrowings from the SBP. 53 Institute of Management Sciences. The settlement of audit objections relating to the SBP. To reconcile bank accounts with the SBP & commercial banks at the ZTBL Head Office.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. To make arrangements of adequate resources for bank’s requirements. To provide funds to needy branches and receive back from branches having surplus funds with them. The ZTBL can monitor the budget on quarterly basis. procedures. budget planning process and parameters and standards for financial management.1. 1) The Budget Criteria Committee is constituted by the President of the ZTBL Head Office to discuss and finalize the budget criteria for allocation of budget. 9. 2) 3) Time horizon is planned for the preparation. Kohat University of Science & Technology .3 UNITS of BFRU 9. But the overall expenditure can evaluates and reviews on quarterly basis against budget provision and its submission to the Audit Committee. The call circular of budget is reviewed and finalized.1 The Budget Planning Unit: This unit can develop departmental policies. 9. The capital and revenue expenditure is also appropriate for additional funds from contingency and unforeseen reserves for new schemes introduced. This unit mainly involves in processing of information for the purpose to prepare of annual budget and to issue the budget calls memos.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report The fixation of cash limit of branches and monitoring of cash of branches as per prescribed limits and regularization of audit. this unit can arrange allocation of departmental code number with the change in organizational set up whenever required. The steps are briefly explained as under.1 The Budget Development Cycle (BDC) : There are ten steps in BDC of ZTBL Head Office in order to achieve one’s desired goal point.3. However. approval and circulation of budget. which covers all guidelines and instructions for preparation of budget proposal is issued along 54 Institute of Management Sciences. This unit can communicate with administrative and governance groups on the budget process and budget issues.3. This unit not only provides information and analysis to support institutional planning and decision making but also provide support to department and divisions throughout the BDC. Stationary and communication Traveling Expenditure Repair and maintenance Salary and allowance Rent. verification and rectification of finalized proposed budget data of all divisions. 8) 9) Preparation of the Budget Agenda. 10) In final step. 7) The consolidation. departments. that contains revised estimates of current year and proposed budget estimates. departments. insurance and expenditure Revenue and investment on securities.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. 55 Institute of Management Sciences. zonal offices and branches of the ZTBL Head Office. President and the BOD. zonal offices and branches of the ZTBL Head Office. Kohat University of Science & Technology . Presentation of the Budget Agenda for approval from the Budget Criteria Committee. departments. Presently the budget allocation under major head is made on the following criteria . proposed budget estimates approved by the BOD are circulated to all zonal offices and branches of the ZTBL Head Office for implementation through a budget circulating letter containing detailed instructions for proper utilization of funds and judicious spending. 4) The budget criteria is prepare for budget allocation under revenue and capital expenditures. taxes. zonal offices and branches of the ZTBL Head Office and allocation of funds under revenue and capital expenditures in accordance with the approved budget criteria. 5) 6) Approval of budget criteria recommended by the Budget Criteria Committee. computerization. Examination & scrutiny of budget proposal received from all divisions. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report with budget performance to all divisions. 3.2 The Budget Analysis Unit: The main aim of this unit is to prepare. This unit also develops assumptions and strategy for the budget for future and to monitoring trends in expenses. deposit rate declaration & fixation of cash limit. This unit follows the accounting standards of funds such as how the amount is 56 Institute of Management Sciences. Kohat University of Science & Technology . Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 9. But the overall expenditure can evaluates and reviews on quarterly basis against budget provision and its submission to the Audit Committee. to maintain records of the ZTBL and operations of bank accounts with the SBP and commercial banks.3. This unit not only coordinates with accounts unit in finalization of quarterly. this unit can take administrative and financial steps for excess expenditure. For this purpose this unit can communicate with administrative and governance groups. 9. This unit can provide information and analysis to support institutional planning and decision-making.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. The remittance of funds is to be done to the needy branches on daily basis. maintain and record all the information regarding the remittance of funds. This unit update. payment to tractor manufacturing companies the remittance of funds is to be done to the needy branches on weekly basis. analyze. semiannually and annual accounts but also coordinate with the SBP. However. coordinate and assess data regarding financial activities that reflecting the information regarding the performance of the departments.4 Funds Reconciliation Unit: The main aim of this unit is reconcile the bank accounts that are being maintained with commercial banks at the ZTBL Head Office. This unit also maintains and monitors the liquid cash reserves with the SBP and also ensures appropriate cash balances is maintained in branches. The treasury unit can prepare periodic statement showing movement of the SBP loans and position of government securities. 9. The matters relating to investment in securities and placement of surplus funds is also handle by this unit for the purpose to keep the record of cash inflows and outflows.3 Treasury Unit: The main aim of this unit is to arrange funds. commercial banks and internal & external auditors with reference to the matters of treasury unit. Moreover.3. There are various analyses. the SBP penalties. such as the SWOT analysis. ratio analysis. human resource analysis and marketing analysis. positively or negatively and leads the organization towards failure to success. the Fund Reconciliation Unit can respond to advices issued by the branches relating to un-claimed deposits. which is used for checking the over all performance of any organization. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report remitted and received from branches and other transactions relating to the department of the ZTBL Head Office. 10. CHAPTER 10 “VARIOUS ANALYSES” 10. This unit can monitor the excess cash and reconciliation of bank accounts in branches with other commercial banks.0 INTRODUCTION The analysis is a tool.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. However. which is briefly explain as under. It is not only used on national level but also on international level for the purpose to check internal and external factors that influence the organization. the preparation of daily cash position relating to remittance and receipt of funds from branches is also handling by this unit. Kohat University of Science & Technology . However.1 SWOT ANALYSIS 57 Institute of Management Sciences. to match information…etc. the ZTBL provides the facility of health.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. we do the strength & opportunities because it is helpful while we avoid the weaknesses and threats which is harmful for organization. Kohat University of Science & Technology . which is shown in below figure. 2. strengths means. weakness. effective and efficient that leads the bank toward failure to success. Strong Supervision and Management: The supervision and management of the ZTBL is very strong such as.1. which is used for checking the over all performance of any organization. 10. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report The word “SWOT” is abbreviated to strengths. Provide many Facilities for Employees: For maintaining the employees. 3. 1. 58 Institute of Management Sciences. communications & following the ethics.1 Strengths: The attributes of the organization which are helpful in achieving the objective. step by step. opportunities and threats while analysis is a tool. The SWOT analysis is designed to help an organization from failure to success. the activities that an organization does well favorable chances or positive factors in the internal environment due to which organization achieve the objective. opportunities & threats and involves specifying the objective of the organization and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve that objective. Employee’s Traits: All staff members are well mannered in attitude. Finally. weakness. safety and employee relations & training. In other words. The SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool used to evaluate the overall organization’s strengths. The strengths of the ZTBL is given as under. While the cameras in ZTBL.1.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. make the employees to stress on their work which is assigned or given. Risk Management: The risk management of the ZTBL is still in the process of restructuring and efforts have been put in place to adequately equip the risk management function with credit review. 7. Credit Rating: The report of Jun 22. Lack of Refreshment Courses: Although the ZTBL has its own Training and Development Canter but it needs to give refreshment courses to its employees more frequently so that they came explore new dimensions and conquer worlds. ZTBL recognizes this responsibility and thus also caters to agriculture sector which promises high returns. In age of technology and globalization. 2. 1. weakness means. 10. Expansion of ZTBL: The ZTBL is expanding day by day because customer accepts it. The Elevator and Cameras Systems: In the age of globalization. Understaffing: The total number of employees is 5. Its network expanded to 342 branches and 25 zonal offices in the Pakistan.326 in the ZTBL Head Office. the understaffing may cause unnecessary work burden on employees decreasing their efficiency. 5. which will attract large number of customers. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 4. Pakistan is an agriculture country with major portion of its economy dependent on agricultural sector. In other words. the elevator makes it possible to save time.2 Weakness: The attributes of the organization which are harmful in achieving the objective. Kohat University of Science & Technology . credit risk rating and value at risk models. 59 Institute of Management Sciences. The weakness of the ZTBL is given as under . 2008. 6. the credit rating of the ZTBL was reaffirmed the medium to long-term entity rating of ‘AAA’ (Triple A) with a stable outlook and short term rating of A-1+ (A-One Plus) assigned to the ZTBL. the activities that an organization lakes or unfavorable chances or negative factors in the internal environment due to which organization do not achieve the objective. physical & financial resources which come from external environment. 4.A. 10. any other employee cannot perform this work. there are many contract and temporary based employees that has lake of managerial & financial skills. Seniority Based Promotion: Promotion in the ZTBL is purely on seniority basis rather than on performance. The opportunities of the ZTBL is given as under . 6. opportunities means. Proper Utilization of Recourses: The Organization is made up three types of recourses. Kohat University of Science & Technology . So there is a lack of professional staff in different departments and lack of theoretical knowledge of the employees as well.. Because in the ZTBL.… etc which devaluate the students of MBA. In case of absence of one employee. Shortage of skillful Labor: The shortage of skillful labor or manpower that will lead the organization from success to failure. This really de-motivates the employees because they know that it doesn’t matter whether they perform well or bad. and other well qualified staff. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 3. the activities that an organization does well or favorable chances or positive factors in the external environment due to which organization achieve the objective. in the age of globalization for 60 Institute of Management Sciences. B. 7. Lake of Job Rotation: Most of the employees work in a particular department and they specialize only in one department. BBA. The Rate of Absenteeism and Turnover: The absenteeism & turnover rate is too high that’s results the conflicts in the organization.Sc.1. such as human. However. In this way bank not only loses the business but also results in dissatisfaction of the customer. In other words. 1. 5.3 Opportunities: The attributes of the organization which are helpful in achieving the objective.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. Lake of Qualification: The employees working on the same position may have different degrees like B. Kohat University of Science & Technology . utilize its resources more efficiently and to earn more profit. 4. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report achieving growth. 10. vacancies. 5. skillful and the English speaking employees are on of the requirement of the organization.etc that’s attract a large number of customers. Creating Public Relations: The ZTBL also. Avoid Discrimination: The ZTBL can avoid discrimination because it is harmful for the bank in achieving its objective. in order to attract the large number of customers. 3. newspapers. television. The bank can hire the employees from external environment. Increasing Extensive Advertisments: The ZTBL can increase the extensive advertisements of new products. Mobile Credit: The ZTBL can start mobile credit which is the best Increasing the Amount of Loans and Capital: The ZTBL way to effectively utilize its present resources to gain a competitive edge. which is five lacks.1. 2. public relations are conducted through the media that is. 1. internet…. magazines. Often. The right person is for right for job will leads the organization towards failure to success. threats means. involves in creating public relations that will increase the image and profitability of the bank. The threats of the ZTBL is given as under . In other words. increases the amount of loan for their customers. The ZTBL issue a large amount of capital to agriculture sector. services. the competent.4 Threats: The attributes of the organization which are harmful in achieving the objective. 61 Institute of Management Sciences.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. the activities that an organization lakes or negative factors in the external environment due to which organization do not achieve the objective. in order to increase customers & heir competent employees from external environment. in order to. “ratio analysis is a tool. The objective of this plan is to have clear guidelines and communication in the event of any crises occurrence. the ratios analysis is used to identify the financial strengths and weaknesses. the security of its assets. “the relationship between any two variables”. However. Avoid Illegal Activities: The employees of the ZTBL can avoid the illegal activities in external environment that will reduce the reputation and image of the ZTBL. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 2. Internet Banking: It is the main problem that was found to be a lack of trust in the new banking channel by customer. In other words. However. which may threaten the safety of its staff. However. 3. 10. we use ratio analysis of financial statements such as. For this purpose.2 RATIO ANALYSIS The term “ratio” means.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. balance sheet and income statement. the continuity of its operation and the reputation of the ZTBL. effective complaint management can increase customer’s loyalty and trust in Internet Banking. Kohat University of Science & Technology . which is used for checking the over all performance of any organization. while analysis is a tool. the “Crises Management Plan” has been developed which is under review by the senior management. which involves methods of calculating & interpreting financial ratios to analyze 62 Institute of Management Sciences. Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. current ratio.2. 63 Institute of Management Sciences. Kohat University of Science & Technology . The current ratio in 2005 lower than rest of the years which is 1. it is slowly increasing from 2005 to 2007. the current ratio is 1. which is given as under.2.31 times from its current assets. There are many ratios such as liquidity ratios.2 Quick Ratio: The calculation of quick ratio of the ZTBL from 2005 to 2007 is calculated and interpreted as under.1. Interpretation of Current Ratio: If we interpret the current ratio of the ZTBL. 10. the more the bank is considered to be liquid in order to satisfy short term obligation.31 which means that the bank is able to pay the current liabilities 1.2. There are many ratios of liquidity such as. quick ratio and networking capital. However. to check the liquidity. the higher the current ratio. For this purpose. 10. activity ratios.32 and then sharply increased to 1. debt ratios.1. In 2006. 10. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report and monitor the firm performance”.1 The Current Ratio: The calculation of current ratio of the ZTBL from 2005 to 2007 is calculated and interpreted as under. we use data from 2005 to 2007 of annual reports of the ZTBL.40 in 2007. leverage and profitability.1 Liquidity Ratios It is measured by its ability to satisfy short-term obligations when they become due. profitability ratios. The quick ratio of 1. the quick ratio cannot provides a better measure of overall liquidity only when a firm’s inventory cannot be converted into cash.0 or greater is occasionally recommended but for the organizations.1.2 Leverage Ratios 64 Institute of Management Sciences. the firm has negative working capital & considering unfavorable. if total current assets are lower than total current liabilities. it is higher in 2005 while lower in 2006.2. Kohat University of Science & Technology . Interpretation of NWC: The NWC of the ZTBL from 2005 to 2007 is increasing gradually and has positive working capital & considering favorable. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report Interpretation of Current Ratio: If we interpret the quick ratio of ZTBL. 10. 10.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. because the total current assets are greater than total current liabilities and the bank is better able to pay its short term obligation as they become due. because the short term investment is lower than short term financing from 2005 to 2007.3 Net Working Capital (NWC): The calculation of the NWC of the ZTBL from 2005 to 2007 is calculated and interpreted as under . In this case the bank is not able to pay its short term obligation as they become due. On the other hand.2. The high the ratio. There are many ratios of leverage. Interpretation of Debt Ratio: The debt ratio of the ZTBL in 2005 is 84.2 Total Debt to Net Worth Ratio: The total debt to net worth ratio of the ZTBL from 2005 to 2007 is calculated and interpreted as under. Kohat University of Science & Technology .17%.e.2. 10.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd.2. the more the bank is risky & having more leveraged while low ratio will leads a firm less risky & having less leveraged.2.2. debt ratio.50% and then gradually increase to 84% in 2007. In 2005. Interpretation of Total Debt to Net Worth Ratio: If we interpret the debt to net worth ratio of the ZTBL. i. The high leveraged consider to beunfavrable if the creditors of the bank can start to demand repayment of debt.1 Debt Ratio: The calculation of debt ratio of the ZTBL from 2005 to 2007 is calculated and interpreted as under. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report It measures the firm's ability to repay long-term debt that is used in a firm’s capital structure. which is a highest from the rest of the years while lower in 2006 which is 83. 10. 65 Institute of Management Sciences. total debt to net worth ratio & time interest earned ratio which are given as under. it is gradually decreasing from 2005 to 2007. 16 which is lower from the rest of the years while highest in 2007 which is 1.47. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report the debt to net worth ratio is greater form the rest of the year which is 5. the ZTBL can improved the debt to net worth ratio. Kohat University of Science & Technology . There are many ratios of profitability. lower will be the business is considered to be risky and consider to be favorable.2. The higher the time interest earned ratio. 66 Institute of Management Sciences. In 2007.32% while lower in 2007. In 2007. The lower the debt to net worth ratio. which is 5. ROE and EPS which is given as under. greater will be the business is considered to be risky and consider to be unfavorable. labor & management to generate profit. The high leverage usually indicates the business has a lot of risk because it must meet principal and interest on its obligations.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. 10.24% and is lower & considered to be favorable from the rest of the years. It is the indication of business ability to use capital.2. The higher the debt to net worth ratio.2. 10. such as ROA.2 Time Interest Earned Ratio: The time interest earned ratio of the ZTBL from 2005 to 2007 is calculated and interpreted as under.3 Profitability Ratios This ratio examines the relationship between the profits made on trading activities against the sales. the time interest earned ratio is improved due to the highest amount of the earning before interest & taxes as compared to other years.24%. Interpretation of Time Interest Earned Ratio: The time interest earned ratio of the ZTBL in 2005 is 1. which is 5. the bank is better able to fulfill its interest obligation. 2.65% in 2007 due to increase in the 67 Institute of Management Sciences. Kohat University of Science & Technology . The Higher the ROA ratio shows that the bank has efficiently managed its assets portfolio to earn a more money on total assets. Interpretation of Return on Equity (ROE): The ROE is moderate in 2005 which is 9.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd.25% in 2006 due to the lower in income. The ROA in 2005 is lower from the rest of the year which is 0.2.49% while sharply increase to 1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 10.3.1 Return on Assets (ROA): The return on asset of the ZTBL from 2005 to 2007 is calculated and interpreted as under. The ROA is gradually decrease to 0. Any how.11% in 2007.29% & gradually decreased to 8. the ROE is sharply increased to 13. that shows a bank can earn more money on less investment. Interpretation of Return on Assets (ROA): The ROA is gradually increasing from 2005 to 2007 due to increase in the amount of total assets and total income. achieving economic efficiency & more opportunities of financing in the year 2007 as compared to the rest of years.50% that shows a bank can earn less money on more investment.3. 10.2 Return on Equity (ROE): The ROE of the ZTBL from 2005 to 2007 is calculated and interpreted as under. While in 2007. A small increase is seen in 2006 due to increase in net income which is 419. Kohat University of Science & Technology . 10. mitigate poverty and investment activities.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. physical and financial resources. but not the amount of earnings actually distributed to shareholders. employees 68 Institute of Management Sciences. Recently. temporary or contract basis. The higher the ROE ratio. Hiring and retaining productive people is critical to the success of every organization which is permanent. training and development of employees. Higher the EPS indicates that the ZTBL can earn on behalf of each share. The Human Resource Division mainly involve in hiring of employees. But the most important is the human resource and which the key ingredient for successes of any organization. Interpretation of EPS: The EPS from 2005 to 2006 is gradually increasing from 0.2.3. the EPS is sharply increased to 0. the lower will be the opportunities to earn low return & consider to be unfavorable. the greater will be the opportunities to earn high return & consider to be favorable while lower the ROE ratio. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report amount of total income and stockholder’s equity.346 to 0.3 Earnings Per Shares (EPS): The EPS of the ZTBL is calculated & interpreted as under. the ZTBL can properly utilize their resources more efficiently in order to strengthen the rural and agricultural sector. The highest ROE indicates that bank can earn a high return on less equity is generating cash internally.870 due to further increase in net income with same amount of total number of ordinary shares.350 respectively. 10.806.3 Human Resource Analysis The organization is made up by three types of resources such as human. who are motivated. If the person is eligible for the post. The techniques are as follows. Recruitment staff including job description. Training & Development of Employees: Once the employees are recruited by the Human Resource Department. skilled and trained manpower in different fields especially in the filed of IT. house rent. support for higher education are the few activities being carried out to upgrade the skills of professionals working. exert a greater effort to perform the assigned tasks effectively and efficiently than those who are not motivated.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. The ZTBL can motivate their employees by providing compensation packages. preparing advertisement. The employees.etc. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report motivation…. This training covers the theory related topics such as banking rules. preparation. However. After completing the theoretical training. then the Head of HRD will call to inform the person for the interview. medical allowance…etc. 1. There are two ways to develop their skills and to give trainings in the ZTBL Staff collage such as theoretical and practical training. workshop. checking application forms. regulations and operations. initial training or preservice training is given to the employees at initial stages of fresh candidates. 69 Institute of Management Sciences. 3. for this purpose the HRD makes continuous effort to attract highly educated. Trainings. interviewing and selecting candidates through the selection procedure is done by HRD. The Human resource analysis is briefly explained as under. Various measures are used in the ZTBL for motivating the employees. they are placed on different branches for getting practical training. HR and Finance. Kohat University of Science & Technology . it is very important to develop their skills. “Activities necessary for staffing the organization and sustaining high employee performance” The achievements of the ZTBL and the implementation plans for future can never be possible without skilled and motivated employee. 2. Hiring of Employees: The ZTBL can hire the employees by submitting the CV in the Human Resource Department. seminars. Employee’s Motivation: The ZTBL can motivate their employees by providing different facilities. short listing. 70 Institute of Management Sciences. whereas a poorly designed analysis can prove to be disastrous. The ZTBL regularly use different methods of marketing in order to aware and attract customers regarding their products and services.4 The Marketing Analysis The marketing is a process of managing the performance of business activities designed to plan product. in order to attract large number of customers from time to time in the newspapers. The marketing analysis is done by using various methods used by the ZTBL. the actual practice poses many challenges. price and promote. which is briefly explained as under.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. Though it sounds simple. education. Compensation Package: The compensation is based on the employee’s knowledge. in order to reduce the absenteeism. allowance is not payable to those who are provided with accommodation by the ZTBL. However. II. This the basis of performance during each year. III. in order to achieve organizational objectives. claimed by the employees for themselves and their dependents on production of medical certificates from employees indicating disbursement made by him. The marketing analysis of any organization plays a vital role in directing its future direction. IV. 1. Promotions: The ZTBL can promote the employees to higher grades on House Rent: The house rent is provided to all categories of staff. Kohat University of Science & Technology . The ZTBL can also provide the accommodation facility for their employees. Many people get different salaries even though they had been selected for the same batch under the same circumstances with same qualification but mostly depend on the grade on which the employees is ranked. There is no fixed pay scale in the bank. 10. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report I. skills and experience. the marketing is based on the customer’s satisfaction through its value added products and services. Print Media Advertisement: The ZTBL give different advertisement regarding their products and services. A good marketing analysis can give new heights. Medical Allowance: The ZTBL will reimburse the cost of medical advice and medicines. Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. high volume” with its low mark up and easy repayment schedule it tends to be more attractive even for consumers with less money. Brochures: They have designed different brochures for each department and for each product. Placement: With a wide network of ZTBL the bank operates through 25 zonal offices with 342 branches under them with over 1250 agriculture graduates known as MCO. by proving lot of products and services. 4. II. The 4P’s: The 4P’s means the product. Price: The ZTBL follows the strategy of “low margins. Product: The ZTBL strategy is offer most comprehensive portfolios of personalized financial solutions that are customer tailored to serve the requirements of customer. Promotion: The ZTBL effectively advertises its services and product using the through broachers.etc. 71 Institute of Management Sciences. 5. Kohat University of Science & Technology . place & promote. these are given to customers for information and attraction purposes. The ZTBL can use 4P’s regularly in order to attract large numbers of customers. IV. Hockey…. I. Sports Sponsorship: The ZTBL can sponsor different sports promotion activities on television and radio like Cricket. book let magazines and low margin on loan is also the base of promotion. Internet and Electronic Media Advertisement: The ZTBL consistently give information regarding their products and services on the internet and also give commercials on the television for awareness and attracting the large number customers. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 2. III. price. 3. 10. FINDINGS I. So there is a lack of professional staff in different departments. There is no job rotation for employees which create job burning. 72 Institute of Management Sciences. The officers of RRD face many problems during preparing different financial reports which consume lot of time. B. II. BBA. IV. VI.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. and other well qualified staff.Sc. The absenteeism & turnover rate of the employees is too high that’s results the misunderstanding and conflicts in the bank. The employees are not satisfied with the compensation package. The employees working on the same position may have different degrees like B. The availability of staff training makes employees aware of work and is know done by the ZTB Staff College which is provided by the KSSL.1.A. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report CHAPTER 11 “FINDINGS & RECOMENDTIONS” A two months internship program can never provide all the information about an organization. So in this section only some of the problems have been pinpointed and possible solutions have been recommended the concerned personnel of the department narrated some of these problems. III. One roughly gets to spend a single week in each department.. they are just getting experience and want to shift to another organization that has strong position in the agriculture finance market. Kohat University of Science & Technology .… etc which devaluate the students of MBA. V. The finding and recommendation for ZTBL Head Office are given as under. skillful and young employees on the basis of their eligibility and experience but not on discrimination basis. VI. To hire creative. In age of technology and globalization. VII. The ZTBL has developed a web site but still only its front home page has been developed while other banks have good attractive sites. More rewards and bonus schemes should be for management as well as for employees and promotion should be based on performance of employees and not on favoritism. The motivation level of the employees should be enhanced by increasing compensation and giving extra fringe benefits. there is cooperative environment in the ZTBL. The job rotation of duties of employees should be implemented to improve the performance which will enhance their skills and confidence. The total number of employees is 5. but there is a need to further boost it up. The documentary records of the ZTBL should be correct and complete. 73 Institute of Management Sciences. II. In the ZTBL. Kohat University of Science & Technology . The advertisements of the products and the services of the ZTBL should be done in a proper way with a strategic management. V. Although sill.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. 10. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report VII. which waist a lot of time on searching of files. III. RECOMMENDTIONS I. customer and shareholders. VIII. the understaffing may cause unnecessary work burden on employees decreasing their efficiency.326 in the ZTBL Head Office. The recruitments should be strictly on merit basis and induction should be after proper and extensive training. To remove the file keeping barriers. there is problem is understaffing of employees.2. IV. There must be cooperation among staff members. There should be a proper check and balance. management. and organizational must be positive and polite way at time of conversation. XIV. The employee’s attitude and behavior towards work and customers In order to increase the motivation. management has to arrange different parties or get together which will create love. This may be in the form of promotion or increase in pay or other facilities provided to them on performance basis.3 PERSONAL EXPERIENCE My internship at Bank ZTBL was a positive experience. most important thing is his communications skills. In order to increase cooperation among employees. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report IX. time period or designation. 10. The job rotation techniques should be adopted so as to make the staff knowledgeable of the operation of various departments of the ZTBL. job satisfaction. While working as an internee in the 74 Institute of Management Sciences. As we have studied Business communication skills and presentation during the BBA program. it gave me the confidence to speak in front of many people. So the thing that helped me and boosted my confidence was communication skill. so that the employees can benefit fully from the MIS. The MIS is still not fully understood by all of the employees. To cope with this situation.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. XV. care and cooperation among employees. XIII. The efforts should be made to reduce the employee turnover and absenteeism rate because it creates misunderstanding and conflicts in the ZTBL. The promotions should be given to the employees of ZTBL on the basis of performance rather than seniority. XII. Kohat University of Science & Technology . commitment the organization should give special incentives to all the old as well as new employees. the management should arrange workshops and short courses. This experience gave me a chance to analyze and change myself for the better. X. XI. As we know that when any one enter into an organization for internship or for job. An internship program provides me an opportunity to bridge what I learn in the classroom with real life job requirement. Actually all the organizations have their own culture. task orientation and event celebrations like 14th August and 6the September. which is public limited company and also developing positive relationships with employees. The main purpose of the internship is to develop and strengthen the student’s educational and career preparation. As internee in the ZTBL. I did my internship at ZTBL. I am really impressed with the friendly and challenging culture of the ZTBL having such a high level of professionalism. Kohat University of Science & Technology . what I have studied till 7th term & now it is time to convert the theoretical knowledge into the practical knowledge because I will go in the practical life after some time. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report ZTBL. I observed that the first rule of game is to respect your customer. Some of my activities as an internee post in the ZTBL is to coordinate with employees. I utilize my communication skills. norms and value under which the organizations exist. Statistics. so we must aware about the internal working of organization. The subjects such as Finance. My internship goals included completing the reports assigned to me. Business Math…etc that I studied during my BBA program that help me to understand the operations & functions of the Finance & Accounts Division of the ZTBL. learning about the ZTBL. During my internship I improve my soft skills. I would like to say that an internship report normally covers one academic term and may be either paid or unpaid.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. to see the norms and value of the organization. expand knowledge of related field and gain experience by work under the highly experienced person. which may be called the culture of the organization. 10. Moreover the right tactics for convincing customers on your view point requires great communicational skills. working in the Finance and Accounts Division. working on my giving tasks. abilities. confident. Accounting. As an employee one has to listen to whatever customer has to say with full attention and patience. In short. 4 CONSLUSION While concluding my report. performing 75 Institute of Management Sciences. Ideally. So an internship is an opportunity to gain real-life experience doing the work of an employee in your career area of interest.5 ANNEXTURES 1). 11. this experience allows me to try out many aspects of the job and to apply skills learned in the classroom environment. 76 Institute of Management Sciences. Kohat University of Science & Technology .Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. An internship is any experience where students learn by taking on responsible roles as workers in organizations and observing and reflecting on what happens while they are in the workplace. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report full concentration and preparation of my internship reports. Kohat University of Science & Technology . Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 2).Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. 77 Institute of Management Sciences. Kohat University of Science & Technology . Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 78 Institute of Management Sciences.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. Irwin Book Co.Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. 7. 5. (1992) Money and Banking in Pakistan. Royal Book Co. Ahmad Shabir. New York. Ilmi Kutab Khana. Khalid Plaza. Saeed. Klein. New York. 11.6th Ed. Imtiaz Book depot. Khan Rana. (2007) Money Banking & Finance. 10. M Nasir. Urdu Bazar Lahore. 9. 12. Saeed. 79 Institute of Management Sciences.com 6.gov. John F. Siddiqi. Asrar H. Kohat University of Science & Technology . Pierre. Mc Grath Hill.. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. (1998) Money and the Economy. Charles & Langueton. Karachi. Lahore. 4.. (1996) International Banking. M Nasir. 3. Multan. (1998) Practice And Law Of Banking In Pakistan.wikipedia. Lahore. (1991) Banking Currency and Finance. Ilmi Kutab Khana. S A. Meenai.ztbl. Iffland. Annual Report of ZTBL 2007 Annual Report of ZTBL 2006 Annual Report ZTBL 2005 www. Safdar Hussain & Khan Rana.pk www. Habib Publisher. 8. 2. (1994) Economics of Pakistan. Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. Kohat University of Science & Technology . Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 80 Institute of Management Sciences. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 81 Institute of Management Sciences. Kohat University of Science & Technology .Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 82 Institute of Management Sciences. Kohat University of Science & Technology .Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. Kohat University of Science & Technology .Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 83 Institute of Management Sciences. Chapter 1 Introduction to Report 84 Institute of Management Sciences. 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