Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014NAME: DARINI SHANMUGAVEL (TP025581) RARSHVINDRAN A/L MASLAMANI (TP026565) VETRIKUMAR MANUGARAN (TP033342) MERVYN ANTHONY FRANCIS (TP029324) INTAKE CODE: UC2F1310IT (BIS), UC2F1310MBT, UC2F1310 (NC), UC2F1310 (ISS) PROJECT TITLE: DEPLYOYING WIMAX NETWORK IN INTERNATIONAL E-CASH MODULE NAME: MOBILE AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY (CT090-3.5-2-MWT) LECTURER'S NAME: DAVID TAN GEI KAR HAND IN DATE: 24TH JANURY 2014 1 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Table of Contents Introduction & Company Background............................................................................................ 3 Scope and Limitations..................................................................................................................... 4 Content Body .................................................................................................................................. 5 Site Survey .................................................................................................................................. 5 Hardware and Software Requirements ...................................................................................... 16 Economic Feasibility .................................................................................................................... 36 Security Implementation and Considerations ........................................................................... 43 Monitoring and Maintenance .................................................................................................... 51 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 67 References ..................................................................................................................................... 68 Gantt Chart .................................................................................................................................... 74 Workload Matrix ........................................................................................................................... 75 Marking Scheme ........................................................................................................................... 76 2 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Introduction & Company Background International E-Cash is a company which provides simple, convenient and a secure way to its clients to send and receive money to other individuals, domestic as well as worldwide. The company also provides money exchange service to its clients. Currently, the company has decided to open several branches in shopping malls in Kuala Lumpur. Hence, the headquarters of International E-Cash will be located in Midvalley Shopping Mall while there will be two branches serving the headquarters around Kuala Lumpur to ensure high quality of service. The company has decided to implement wireless network connection between the headquarters and the branches. 3 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Scope and Limitations 1. Project Budget There are no budget limits specified. Hence, the cost limit was ignored when selecting and implementing the wireless technology in International E-Cash. 2. Branches The numbers of branches are not specified. Hence, it has been decided to implement 2 branches around Kuala Lumpur area. 3. Wireless Technology The company didn't mention which wireless technology to use for deployment of wireless network. Hence, it is assumed that our team is free to choose any wireless technology for International E-Cash wireless network implementation. 4 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Content Body Site Survey According to “Best Practices for Wireless Site Design” (n.d.). By conducting site surveys, efficient and successful wireless networks can be deployed. Site surveys can determine signal coverage, dead spots, potential roaming behavior, interfering sources and etc. To set up the wireless network for international e-cash is no easy task as lot of factors needs to be taken into consideration. For example, wireless standard, interferences, location and licensing. After such things are considered, only then it wise to set up a wireless network. i. Wireless standard Wireless standard is a set of guidelines for different types of network communication. Typically, there are each standard for each condition like for Local Area Networks the Wireless LAN 802.11 standard is used and for Metropolitan Area Networks, WiMAX 802.16 standard is used to provide network coverage for a city and so on. Here, for International E-cash network needs to be distributed across the city for the headquarters and branches to communicate with each other. To provide wireless network coverage for International E-cash, only WiMAX standards is suitable for International E-cash. WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access according to Brain and Grabianowski, (n.d). To set up a WiMAX network for allowing long range network communication needs two importance things, a base station and a receiver according to about.com(n.d). However, there are several variations of WiMAX standards that can be implemented for International E-cash mainly 802.16 and 802.16e. The first WiMAX 5 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 standard is the first of its kind whereas the other is an extension to the 802.16-2004 standard as this advanced from it initial predecessor. Characteristic Fixed WiMAX Mobile WiMAX Industry Standard 802.16-2004 802.16e-2005 Modulation OFDM OFDMA Frequency Range 2GHz-11GHz 2GHZ-6GHz Duplexing TDD,FDD TDD,FDD(Optional) Preferred Frequency Bands 2.5GHz, 3.4 - 3.6GHZ & 2.3 - 2.7GHz, 3.3 - 3.8GHz 5.8GHz Source: L.Harte, K.Kalaichelvan (2007) Analysis - From here, it is clearly seen that IEEE's 802.16e is the latest standard which means its more up to date. 802.16e has more access types than Fixed WiMAX supports Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access modulation whereas 802.16 only provide Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing. In terms of duplexing both standards support Time Division Duplexing and Frequency Division Duplexing but Mobile WiMAX's Frequency Division Duplexing is made optional. Mobile WiMAX supports handoffs and Fixed WiMAX does not. Mobile WiMAX has more service providers to cater many network solutions. Technical Feasibility - Having many frequency bands provides more specific and suitable for International E-cash to choose using Mobile WiMAX. Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access makes International E-cash's wireless deployment flexible. The frequency range of Mobile WiMAX though shorter but it is more effective when applied for International E-cash. 6 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Recommendation - The standard to be recommended for International E-cash is 802.16e with a frequency of 3.5 GHz. This is such as the International E-cash has to communicate with each branch as well as its headquarters in KL. Having a high frequency also provides wireless communication. ii. Licensing 7 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Source: Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission(n.d) 8 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 The license for the WiMAX standard chosen for International E-cash can be obtained from the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission. According to MCMC(n.d), a business like International E-cash needs to have a class license as they need to deploy wireless network facilities. The processing days for obtaining a class license will take seven days. To obtain a class license, there are a few criteria’s to be met: 1. Two copies of Form D(Class license application form) 2. Registration fee of RM 2500.00 3. Applicants legal status documents 4. Organizational profile 5. Proposal of service 6. Details as per the checklist attached Economic feasibility - The application for the class license class costs about RM 2500.00 iii. Interferences When it comes to interference, it has to be agreed that any radio frequency has interferences including the standard recommended for international e-cash. Potential interferences can be from radio frequencies of satellites, military networks and etc. To deter such inferences, proper hardware and software is required mainly a spectrum analyzer and a site survey software. 9 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Images Name Spectrum Master MS2713E BumbleBee-EX Spectrum Analyzer Compatibility All 802.16 standards 802.16d & 802.16e Features - Tracking generator, - GPS geo-coding accuracy - Daylight viewable display - Compatible with - Interference analysis Google Earth - Field Strength Measurements - Time stamping - Coverage verification & network optimization Price $1000 onwards $4500 - $5000 Manufacturer Anjitsu Berkeley Varitronics Systems Source: Anjitsu.com (n.d) & bvsystems.com(n.d) 10 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Analysis - From what is noticed, Spectrum Master MS2713E is made more compatible to WiMAX standards than the BumbleBee-EX Spectrum Analyzer. It is also cheaper by few thousands when compared with the BumbleBee-EX Spectrum Analyzer. Technical Feasibility - Fields strength measurements and interference analysis can identify electromagnetic fields and other sorts of inferences around International E-cash's geographic locations. Besides that, its coverage verification feature shows that effective WiMAX coverage can be established for International E-cash. This helps to plan better for International E-cash's wireless deployment Its daylight display has a better viewing experience in details. This helps the International E-cash network consultants to plan ahead for better deployment as well. Recommendation - Anjitsu's Spectrum Master MS2713E will be used in identifying interferences around International E-cash's headquarters as well as its branches. Images Name DragNet Mobile WiMAX Site YellowFin WiMAX Survey software software Manufacturer Berkeley Varitronics Systems Compatibility 802.16e Features - GPS positioning in real- - USB connectivity time - Maintains and optimizes - KML, PDF, Excel format 11 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 report support network - Google Earth compatibility - Needs a dual channel transmitter for detailed network analysis (Source: bvsystems.com) Analysis – Both of the softwares from the same vendor and support the same 802.16e standard. It also seems that YellowFin WiMAX software is an older version of DragNet Mobile WiMAX Site Survey software. Therefore, the latter is an updated version. When looked at both features the GPS positioning in DragNet Mobile WiMAX Site Survey software device dependent for network analysis as YellowFin WiMAX software requires an additional device for better site survey results. Recommendation - After comparing both softwares, the DragNet Mobile WiMAX Site Survey software is best suited for International E-cash as it is compatible with the WiMAX standard recommended for International E-cash that is 802.16e and secondly, it’s GPS positioning feature can be used to collect data in real-time outdoor site surveys. iv. Geographical location Location is an essential part for International E-cash as its headquarters and two of its branches should be located within shopping complexes and there are quite a number of shopping malls in the whole of Kuala Lumpur. The main ones include Midvalley Megamall, The Boulevard, SOGO Departmental Stores, and Sunway Pyramid. The most basic criteria for location is that there should be less or no physical interference like buildings, other towers as mentioned by D.Sweeney(2005). 12 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Location The Midvalley Sunway SOGO Boulevard Megamall Pyramid Departmental Stores Physical surroundings Many Less Less Less Size (sf) 5479 3631 2250 3160 Number of floors. 2 2 1 2 Rental per month 60,000 - 24,480 12,375 22752 (RM) 65,000 Source: propwall.com.my(n.d) Analysis - The Boulevard has many physical surroundings around it. This affects the performance and coverage of WiMAX networks. When compared, the other three locations are more suitable. In terms of size, though The Boulevard has the largest area per square feet which makes it a suitable location but due to its physical surroundings it cannot be chosen but Midvalley megamall can be chosen for the headquarters of International E-cash for the size and its lesser physical surroundings compared to The Boulevard, Sunway Pyramid and SOGO (KL) Departmental Stores. Lastly, for the two branches, Sunway Pyramid and SOGO (KL) Departmental Stores are both located at two different ends. The former is at Bandar Sunway and the other is at the heart of Kuala Lumpur and Midvalley Megamall is located in between these two geographically. These two have a better potential to be suitable branches for International E-cash. When the rental for each location is analyzed, it seems that The Boulevard is the most expensive with an estimated amount of RM 60000 to RM 65000. 13 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Figure 1 shows distance between HQ and Sunway branch - 11.2km (Source: maps.google.com) Figure 2 shows distance between (A) HQ and (B) SOGO branch - 7.9km. (Source: maps.google.com) 14 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Figure 3 shows locations of (A) Midvalley headquarters and Sunway branches (B) and SOGO (C). (Source: maps.google.com) 15 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Recommendation – The headquarters for International E-cash will be situated at Midvalley Megamall for its strategic location in Kuala Lumpur city and also the size of the office lot is big enough with two floors. The pricing for the selected locations are still reasonable compared to The Boulevard. Economic feasibility – The rental for the headquarters situated in Midvalley Megamall is RM 24,480 per month whereas the branches, Sunway Pyramid and SOGO (KL) Departmental Stores are RM12375 and RM22752 respectively. Hardware and Software Requirements In order to set up a wireless connection between the Headquarter (HQ) of International E-Cash and the branches, there are few hardware and software that will be required to develop and implement the wireless connection. HARDWARE They are a few hardware that would be needed to implement the wireless connection between HQ and its branches are as follows: (a) WIMAX BASE STATION (b) Backhaul Devices (c) Antennas (d) Subscriber / Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) 16 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Figure 4 shows an example of a base station Figure 5 shows and example of an Antenna for base station Figure 6 shows an example of an Indoor CPE 17 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Figure 5 shows an example of an Outdoor CPE Each of the hardware mention above is crucially important to ensure a successful Wimax deployment for International E-Cash wireless architecture. In the sections below, each main component that has been chosen for our wireless network will be briefly explained. Base Station A base station is referred as a fixed communication location and is considered to be a part of a wireless network (Techopedia, 2014). The base station functions by broadcasting information in the form of signals to and from a transmitting/ receiving unit on the other side of the wireless network. A base station is one of the most important hardware components in a wireless network infrastructure. Selection a base station is critical as it determines Quality of Service (QoS) provided to all subscribing units in its network. Hence, we have chosen one of the best Wimax standard base stations to be deployed. An analysis has been conducted on the chosen base station and justifications have been made why it is chosen among the vast base stations available in the market. 18 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 The base station that we have chosen is the PureWave Quantum 6600 which is manufactured by PureWave networks. This base station is compact in size, and is a high performance Mobile Wimax base station and has been integrated with PureMax Smart Antenna technology. In a standard antennas technology, energy is wasted since energy radiates indiscriminately and also cells interfere with each other, which decreases maximum capacity and creates network complexity. The smart antenna technology will be further discussed in the antenna section. The Purewave 6600 base station can be deployed outdoors without the need of any shelter and can be easily mounted anywhere require to provide its service. It has up to 6Rx and 6Tx antennas and is able to provide coverage of approximate 24km with a standard base Wimax CPE. It is able to cover a vast distant in rural areas , maximize the coverage in Non Line of Sight (NLOS) conditions , delivering superior service to indoor subscribers and is able to withstand harsh climate and conditions when deployed outdoor . The base station is also equipped with Purewave Software Defined Radio Architecture (SDR) which provides a great benefit to the future of International E-Cash. The software will be discussed further in the software section later on. This base station, when connected with a backhaul device, may provide effective data transfer between 2 base stations located in a wide distance without any loss in the quality and speed. This means that as more branches of International E-Cash is opened in the future; more base stations can be added to cover a wide distance and radius to provide excellent undisrupted data transfer between all the base stations and back to the branches. A GPS is also attached to provide real time accurate locations of the base station at all times. 19 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Technical Feasibility of Base Station Figure 6 shows specifications of The PureWave Quantum 6600 Base station by PureWave Source:http://www.purewavenetworks.com/portals/0/docs/PureWave_Quantum6600_DS_May2011.pdf 20 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Figure 7 shows PureWave Quantum 6600 base station Figure 8 shows PureWave 6600 base station in action 21 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Comparison of two base stations PureWave Quantum 6600 HiperMAX Frequency Band (GHz) 2.3-2.4, 2.496-2.69, 3.3-3.4, 2.3, 2.5, 3.3, 3.4-3.6, 3.6-3.8,3.65(US) 3.5, 3.7, 4.9 Antenna Technology MIMO, Smart Technology MIMO Environmental Protection Lightning, Surge Protector, ETS 300 019-1-4 Class 4.1E Vibration and dust proof, ETS 300 019-1-3 Class 3.2 Extreme weather protection Coverage distance Up to 24km Up to 15km Table 1: Comparison of two base stations Base Station Analysis, Evaluation and Justification This base station was chosen for some specific reason. Below are the results of an analysis. Chosen Base Station: PureWave Quantum 6600 by PureWave Networks. Features Justification Comments Extensive Superior Range The Purewave base station is able to equip up Up to 24 km coverage to 6 antennas at once which greatly increase both uplink and downlink performance, 22 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 providing maximum coverage to users. Greater Capacity The PureWave base station has increased Aggregate(per sector): throughput at any range due to improved link Up to 53Mbps, performance factor, making it very useful to Downlink: Up to cover the distance between our branches. 43Mbps, Uplink: Up to 20Mbps Flexible Mounting The unit can be mounted nearly anywhere Towers, utility without the need of remote RF heads. poles, walls, roof tops 100 % Weather and The base station is able to withstand harsh Temperature : ( Lightning Proof weather conditions and there is no need for us -40C to +55C) to invest on providing shelter for it. Weatherproofing: (IEC IP67 cables) Others : Surges and Lightning Protection Software Defined Radio This is a feature in which it supports remote field upgrades of any future new functionalities and standards, making it very suitable for International E-Cash, since this is a one-time investment and any new None functionalities and standards can be easily upgraded with this base station. 23 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Powerful Management This base station comes along with a PureView EMS/NMS, management software which will help us to Remote CLI, continue monitoring the performance and the Web Interface, SNMP conditions of the base station and the overall v2c & v3 wireless network at all times .Hence, there is no need to purchase a third party management software for this base station, thus reducing cost. Smart Antenna Technology The self-calibrating antenna technology allows MIMO Matrix A, this base station to effectively delegate its MIMO Matrix B, energy into needing subscriber unit without Cyclic wasting any energy, which may result in Delay Diversity, MRC, slower data transfer. UL Collaborative Spatial Multiplexing Table 2: Analysis of the chosen base station for E-Cash wireless network Recommendation We recommend that International E-Cash should take the initiative to continuously seek any new updates and improvement special designed for this base station and implement it when possible to ensure effective service from the base station, which allows International E-Cash to provide service to its clients effectively. In case there are more branches to be opened in the future, International E-Cash are strongly recommended to implement more base stations to provide better connectivity to the respective base station without overloading a base station to transmit to multiple base station. 24 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Backhaul Device What is backhaul device? - Transmission of data between a cell site and a switch (Webopedia, 2014). The purpose of backhaul device? -provides optimal point to point connectivity for high-throughput, long distance links. -connect two base stations which are at distance from one another Benefits of backhaul device - allocate bandwidth in the specific direction needed - optimize data traffic to provide a very high throughput over high bandwidth long range links between the base stations Justification of using backhaul device in E-Cash -the backhaul will create a point to point connection between the two base stations. - base stations will be able to allocate bandwidth respectively in the directions to the specific branches without loss of throughput -efficient signal transmitting between two base station Chosen backhaul device for E-Cash Ligo PTP 5-23/5N MiMo backhaul device implementation Table 3: Backhaul Device Justification and Analysis 25 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Figure 9 shows a backhaul device which connects multiple base stations Hence, for International E-Cash wireless network, we will be using Ligo PTP 5-23/5N MiMo backhaul device to provide a backhaul connection between the two base stations operating in different locations. The main purpose we decided to implement a backhaul device is to preserve the quality of data transfer between two base stations when travelling over long distance, hence achieving high performance and reliability of transfer speed, high bandwidth connection and throughput Figure 10 shows Ligo PTP 5-23/5N MiMo backhaul device 26 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Figure 11 shows Ligo PTP 5-23/5N MiMo backhaul device features 27 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Technical Feasibility of Backhaul Device The specification of the chosen backhaul device is as below. Figure 12 shows Ligo PTP 5-23/5N MiMo specifications (Source: http://www.gowifi.co.nz/specs/LigoPTP23_5MiMo.pdf) Additional Note: This backhaul device is protected again harsh weather conditions and also from lightning. Hence, no extra protection is needed. 28 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Key Features Dedicated Access Backhaul Private networks Flexible center channel and channel width capability (20/40 MHz) for throughput optimization Radio rate of up to 300Mbps True TCP throughput up to 220 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet port Advanced proprietary W-jet wireless protocol Internal Accelerometer 65,000 High packet-per-second (PPS) rate – ideal for VOIP backhaul applications Low packet latency (2ms) Great spectral efficiency (7.5 bit/ Hz) ARQ (Selective Repeat) for very high throughput Dynamic TDD for allocating bandwidth in real-time to the direction needed Integrated dual-polarized antenna (2 N-type conectors for the LigoPTP 5-N MiMo product) PoE built-in for single cable installation Advanced security technologies Comprehensive management features Web GUI Command line management via SSH RCMS server support for configuration SNMP V1/2/3 with traps supporting MIBs: 802.11, 802.1x, MIBII Syslog support Compatible with LigoWave link calculator Real-time alerts Rugged articulating bracket solution for multi-facet mounting Oled screen and beeper for alignment IP-67 compliant Figure 13 shows Special Features of Ligo PTP 5-23/5N MiMo 29 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Antenna An antenna is said to be a conductor that can transmit, send and receive signals such as microwave, radio or satellite signal (Webopedia, 2014). In our wireless network, antennas play a crucial role to transmit and send wireless signal to other receiving antennas in order to transfer information in our wireless network. All the base stations will be equipped with suitable antennas to transmit and receive signals. For our wireless connection, we would be using two types of antenna which is sector antennas and panel antennas. The sector antennas will be able to broadcast at angles of 60,90 and 120 degrees. The panel antenna will be the backhaul antenna, Ligo PTP 5-23/5N MiMo, which will provide point to point backhaul broadcasting between both base stations. Technical Feasibility of Antenna Sector Antennas 60 degrees 90 degrees 120 degrees Frequency range 3400-3600-MHZ 3300-3800-MHz 3400-3600-MHz Gain (dBi) 18dBi 18dBi 15dBi Horizontal beam 60 degrees 90 degrees 120 degrees width 30 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Vertical beam 7 degrees 12 degrees 7 degrees width F/B ratio (dB) ≥ 25-dB > 23 > 25 Polarization Horizontal or vertical Vertical Vertical Impedance 50Ω 50Ω 50Ω Maximum input 100 –W 500W 100W power Connector N female or N female N female customized Antenna dimension 720×175×60mm 1030×160×75mm 700×160×70mm Table 4: Description of all the three types of wimax sector antennas [Data from(Gu & Li, 2011] 31 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Operational Feasibility After the comparison of antennas above, we have chosen to use the 120 degree antenna in our base stations to provide connection to all CPE. The reason we choose sector antennas compared to Omni-directional antennas are because omni- directional antennas provide a 360 degree coverage but has low Quality of Service (QoS) since the signal are dispersed at a wider area. By using the 120 degree antennas, the signal will be transmitted directly towards the location where our branches are exactly without the loss of signal quality. The base station will be connected with the other base station via the backhaul antenna which provides Line of Sight (LOS) connection. The Bukit Bintang base station tower will be built in Bukit Bintang area, providing LOS connection to the headquarter in Midvalley, since the Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) at Midvalley Headquarter would be an outdoor CPE. The branch at Sogo will also be connected via Non Line of Sight (NLOS) to the Bukit Bintang Tower. The Petaling Jaya Tower will provide Non Line of Sight (NLOS) connection to Bandar Sunway branch via an indoor CPE since there are many obstructions between both the locations. The Petaling Jaya tower will also provide LOS connection to the HQ at Midvalley via outdoor CPE at Midvalley. Hence, the 120 degree antenna provides full sector coverage to all the locations of the branches as well as the Headquarter. The antennas will help to transmit the signal to all branches with maximum quality as possible. Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) In our wireless network, we will be using CPE's to gain wireless access from the base stations that will be deployed. In order to choose whether to use an indoor CPE or outdoor CPE, we first researched on two factors, Line of Sight (LOS) and Non Line of Sight (NLOS). 32 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Line of Sight (LOS) Line of sight is when a signal travels over the air directly from a wireless transmitter to a wireless receiver without passing through any obstruction. If LOS is successful implemented, the signal transmitted can reach long distance with better signal strength and higher throughput. Non Line of Sight (NLOS) Non Line of Sight happens when a signal travels over from a wireless transmitter to a wireless receiver after encountering multiple obstructions. It is possible for the signals to be refracted, reflected, diffracted, absorbed or scattered and this multiple signals will reach the receiver at different times, from different paths and different strength. However, there are few method implemented to overcome the problem in NLOS. Figure 13: LOS AND NLOS Figure 14 shows LOS and NLOS Hence, after analyzing the impact of LOS and NLOS, we have decided to make use of both indoor and outdoor CPE's to receive signals from base stations. We would be using AirSpan CPE's in our wireless network. 33 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Indoor CPE Figure 15 shows M-Easy V35 Indoor CPE by Airspan Manufacture Model AWB, RG211 Frequency 3.6-3.8 GHz Chipset Sequans Maximum Transmit Power (dBm) 23 Antenna 2 external antennas, 5dBi Special Features Data only Table 5: Indoor CPE specification 34 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Outdoor CPE Figure 16 shows outdoor CPE by Airspan Manufacture Model KZ, Airstream 4001 Frequency 700, 800 MHz, 2.3-2.7, 3.5 GHz Chipset Sequans Maximum Transmit Power (dBm) 2*23 Antenna 15dBi Special Features Internal or external antenna Table 6: Outdoor CPE specification 35 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Economic Feasibility Hardware Price Base station $ 11995 x 2 units = $ 23990 CPE (Outdoor) $300 CPE (Indoor) $150x2=$300 Backhaul Device $649 x 2 =$1298 Antennas (120 degree) $7000 Total (estimated ) $32888 (RM 109319.84) Table 7: Economic Estimation for hardware Software Besides the hardware components, we now move on to the software that we will be using while operating the International E-Cash wireless network. In this part, we will be talking about the software to monitor the operation of our base stations and backhaul device. The software is as listed below. PureView Network Management System (NMS) The PureView NMS enables the easy management of wireless access networks. Using an intuitive interface, it delivers versatile and powerful management options. By using this software, E-Cash can continuously monitor their network and analysis statistics based on the history stored but the software on the network usage. The PureView management software also delivers powerful management capabilities for the PureWave Quantum 6600 base stations that will be used by International E-Cash in its wireless network. Hence, monitoring the performance of the base stations will be easy and effective. This software is Operating System independent so it can be operated on both Windows and Linux platform. Some of the features of the PureView Network Management System software are: 36 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Google Maps integration Configuration: Basic or Advanced Bulk Operations Configuration backup and restore Service Flow Discovery : Manual or Automatic NMS user ADMINISTRATION : users, profiles views and as Server access through web browser or remote client Security Management Network Discovery and Mapping Logical and Map views Fault and Alarm Management Real Time and History Performance Management Figure 17 shows features of Network Management System Recommendations: Hardware Recommendation Base Station We recommend that International E-Cash should take the initiative to continuously seek any new updates and improvement special designed for this base station and implement it when possible to ensure effective service from the base station, which allows International E-Cash to provide service to its clients effectively. In case there are more branches to be opened in the future , International E-Cash are strongly recommended to implement more base stations to provide better connectivity to the 37 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 respective base station without overloading a base station to transmit to multiple base station. Antenna We recommend that International E-Cash implements more antennas if more branches are opened in different location in the future to provide better throughput and connectivity to the specific branch. Table 8: Proposed Recommendations 38 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Figure 18 shows Petaling Jaya tower Legend: Branch / CPE Base station tower Tower signal 39 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Figure 19 shows Bukit Bintang Tower 40 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Figure 20 shows Overall Overview Wireless International E-Cash Wimax Solution 41 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Location Location Distance Petaling Jaya Tower Bandar Sunway Branch 5.1km Petaling Jaya Tower Midvalley HQ 12.0km Petaling Jaya Tower Bukit Bintang Tower 18.6km Bukit Bintang Tower Sogo Branch 3.4km Bukit Bintang Tower Midvalley HQ 7.8km Table 9: Distance between Tower, HQ and Branches 42 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Security Implementation and Considerations Protocol Layers of WiMAX How does the 802.16e standard security works? Figure 21 shows OSI Layer (Source:hossainhere.files.wordpress.com/.../analysis-and-assessment-the-security-i..) 43 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Based on the figure 20, it shows that IEEE 802.16 network standard follows the Open System Interconnection (OSI) which has seven-layers which also known as OSI Seven layers. It begins from the Application layer or layer 7 on the top and finishes with Physical (PHY) layer, or layer 1, on the bottom. The seven layers in the OSI Layer have their different function. Each layer utilizes the functions of the lower layer utilizes the functions of the lower layer and transfers data to its higher layer. For Example, Internet Protocol (IP) is in the Routing Layer or in the Layer 3sends data to its higher layer which is Transport Layer which also known as layer 4.Generally, the higher layers are implemented in software and the lower layers are implemented in hardware. The specific layers which plays vital role on the WiMAX /802.16 is physical and Data Link layers. As we go deeper in Data Link Layer, there are divided into two sub layers. These are Logical Link Control (LLC) layer and Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The physical connection is responsible to the between two communication entities. Besides, the Media Access Control (MAC) layer is responsible for the maintenance of the connection. 1) Convergence Sub-Layer MAC Lay 2) MAC Common Part Sub-Layer 3) Security Sub-Layer Physical Layer 4) Physical Layer Figure 22 shows Protocol Architecture of IEEE 802.16. (Source: www.ijcaonline.org/volume20/number2/pxc3873199.pdf) 44 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Above Figure 21 shows the MAC Layer is segmented into three sub layers such as CS (Convergence Sub layer), the CPS (Common Part Sub layer) and the Security Sub layer. 3) Security Sub-Layer This sub layer plays a vital role on the security on IEEE 802.16. The reason is this is the only sub layer which provides secure key exchange and encryption which has protocols and authentication. Figure shows security MAC sub layer Source: http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse571-09/ftp/wimax2/ 45 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Comparison Authentication Types of Authentication in IEEE 802.16e EAP RSA Differences Diagram http://www.mysamplecode.com/20 http://www.codealias.info/technote 11/08/rsa-encryption-decryption- s/performance_evaluation_of_wire using-bouncy.html less_security_systems_part_1 Long Extensible Authentication Protocol Acronym Rivest- Shami-Adleman(RSA) based Authentication Authentication Type of authenticatio 1) EAP-AKA (Authentication X.509 digital certificates together n and Key Agreement) for with RSA encryption 46 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 SIM based authentication. 2) EAP-TLS(Transport Layer Security) for X.509 based authentication Referred to Analysis and Literature Review of IEEE 802.16e (Mobile WiMax) Security.pdf Analysis for Authentication Based on the table above, Extensible Authentication Protocol is better than Rivest-Shami- Adleman (RSA) authentication. The reason is EAP does have different type of authentication. There are EAP-AKA (Authentication and key agreement) for SIM based authentication, and EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security) for X.509 based authentication. The drawback of RSA it just uses two type of keys such as public and private keys. It is not suitable for a company to secure loads of packet that carry from one station to another base station. 47 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Authorization Types of Private Key Management in IEEE 802.16 PKM v1 Differences PKM v2 RSA-based one-way Authentication Mutual authentication: authentication: the BS Supports two authentication authenticates methods: EAP or RSA Use of three encryption Key Encryption New encryption method algorithms:3 DES, RSA and implemented: AES with Key AES Wrap nn Referred to the: http://etutorials.org/Networking/wimax+technology+broadband+wireless+access/Part+Four+Div erse+Topics/Chapter+15+Security/15.2+Authentication+and+the+PKM+Protocol/ Based on the table, Private Key Management (PKM) v2 is preferable compare to the Private Key Management v1. The reason is it has two types of authentication such as EAP and RSA. EAP also known as Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) can be used for company usage such as secure transaction and subscriptions. The drawback of PKMv1 is it has is using Data Encryption Standard which easily can be brute force and steal confidential data in the company. 48 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Encryption Type of Encryption in IEEE 802.16e AES DES Differences Diagram Sourcehttp://commons.wikimedia.o Source:(http://www.smartcardbasics rg/wiki/File:AES-ShiftRows.png) .com/smart-card-security2.html) Advanced Encryption Standard Long Data Encryption Standard acronym 128, 192, 256bits Encryption 56 Key size 128 Blocks size 64 49 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Analysis Based on the table above, Advanced Encryption Standard is better than Data Encryption Standard. AES is having more encryption key size such as 128, 192, or 256 bit encryption key size compare to the DES.. In the view of block size of DES, it has 64 bits. AES has 128 bits twice than DES. By using this encryption, we can prevent brute force attack. Recommendation AES Encryption is highly recommended for the International e-cash because the this company is dealing highly risky business and data such as money transactional activities, customers personal details such as account number and password, and contact number. The good impact of using this encryption is, this company can prevent their network system from occurring brute force attack by using 128, 192, 256 bit encryption key. As the encryption key get longer, the intruders will feel much harder to break into the system. AES can carry out more data compare because it has DES. The reason is DES has 64 bits which only can carry maximum data is 32GB with a single key but AES It means than DES with 64 bits maximum can only sent with a single encryption key is 32GB but AES which has maximum can sent 256 billion gigabytes. The next security requirement that recommended implementing is Extensible Authentication Protocol. EAP can be implemented in the two types such as EAP-AKA, and EAP-TLS.EAP- 50 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Monitoring and Maintenance Monitoring Network monitoring refers to the tradition of controlling the operations of a computer network using specialized software management tools. Network monitoring and maintenance helps network administrators identify faulty network devices or potential security threat issues. There are various tools used for monitoring and maintaining the network in International E-Cash. One of the tools is provided from the PureWave Quantum 6600 base station itself. It is called as PureView Network Management System (NMS). Carrier grade, comprehensive and scalable management for the PureWave Quantum Base Stations, PureView NMS can manage and monitor the performance of thousands base stations. It is specially designed to facilitate large networks through automatic discovery of network physical and logical topology. Fault Management, system configuration and provisioning with bulk operations, comprehensive inventory views and enhanced performance management designed to manage wireless networks. Technical Feasibility PureView NMS supports up to 1000 base stations with CPE's on a single server and on a multiple servers it can go up to 100 000 base stations. The fault management system provides events and active alarms displays. The alarms can be customized according to user’s preference like users can sort and filter alarms, focus on a group or single device, opt for e-mail notification and export both alarms and events to a CSV file. PureView NMS offers monitoring and controlling tools such as: 1. Google Maps integration 2. Configuration: Basic or Advanced 3. Bulk Operations 4. Configuration Backup and Restore 51 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 5. Service Flows 6. Discovery: Manual or Automatic 7. NMS user administration: users, profiles, views 8. Server access through web browser or remote client 9. 3GPP standards based Specifications NMS Operating System Support NMS Server - Windows 2008/2012 Server - Centos/Red Hat Linux Server NMS Client (remote GUI) - Windows 2008/2012 Server - Windows 7/8 -Ubuntu Database Support MySQL Database Minimal NMS Server Hardware Requirements Dual core 2.8 GHz , 8 MB Cache 4GB of RAM 10/100/1000 Ethernet Interface CD-ROM 160 GB Hard Drive Dedicated Server / VM Support . 52 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Economic Feasibility The term 'economic feasibility' refers to financial viability of a given business venture. This study is usually very important to carry out before starting out any business since the main aim of a business is profitability (Ask.Com, 2014). It also involves economic benefit and loss that may result from the project in a business. Below in the table are the costs of the PureView NMS. Model Number Product Description of Type of Product Price Product Detail 096-00501-001 PureView PureWave NMS Software $ 11995 x 2 units Network Software - = $ 23990 Management required System Software 096-00500-001 PureView NMS Licence - License $500 x 2 units Network per managed = $ 1000 Management Base Station Software Base Station License Recommendation: Using PureView NMS network administrators are able to monitor their network and investigate problems faced by the company itself. PureView NMS's integrated map functionality allows operators to see at a glance where problems may exist with their network operations, and which customers may be affected. In addition, with the integrated Google Maps, north bound interfaces, and available API's, PureView NMS can be easily integrated to any operator's network management strategy supporting the standard. I would recommend International E-Cash this tool because it best suits the Wimax standard. 53 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Figure 23 shows the image above shows the Google Maps integration (Source: http://www.pwnets.com/solutions/network-management-system) 54 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Figure 24 shows the image above shows the network being deployed in the city. (Source: http://www.pwnets.com/solutions/network-management-system) 55 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Figure 25 shows the image above shows the network being configured. (Source: http://www.pwnets.com/solutions/network-management-system) 56 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Aeroflex 3250 Spectrum Analyzers Figure 26 shows Aeroflex Spectrum Analyzer. (Source:http://www.aeroflex.com/ats/products/product/Spectrum_Analyzers_and_Signal_Analyz ers/3250_Series_Spectrum_Analyzers~684.html) Aeroflex's 3250 series has been developed to employs the latest digital processing and RF technology providing accomplished accuracy, stability and measurement speed. To support the evolving wireless communication market, the 3250 incorporates a standard 30 MHz bandwidth digitizer and digital modulation analysis. With its powerful RF performance and advanced applications the 3250 series is best suited for RF development, design analysis and testing. The frequencies of 3250 series are below: Series Frequency 3251 1 kHz - 3 GHz 3252 1 kHz - 8 GHz 3253 1 kHz - 13.2 GHz 3254 1 kHz - 26.5 GHz 57 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Technical Feasibility This spectrum analyzer includes the widest 30 MHz bandwidth vector analyzer in its class as well as generic digital modulation analysis S/W as standard on all modes. The features of this analyzers are: 1. Low DANL and Phase Noise 2. 30 MHz analysis bandwidth 3. Automatic Power Measurements 4. Phase Noise Measurement 5. Vector Modulation Analysis 6. Full range of wireless measurement options 7. Pre-compliance EMI Receiver and pre-selection filters options 8. Choice of 3GHz or 8GHz tracking generator option 9. DC Power Input and Battery Pack Option 10. Touch Screen Display and Remote Control 58 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Figure 27 shows the whole summary of Aeroflex Spectrum Analyzer. (Source: http://www.aeroflex.com/ats/products/prodfiles/brochures/3250_Brochure.pdf) 59 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Tektronix RSA6000 Spectrum Analyzers Figure 28 shows Tektronix RSA6000 Spectrum Analyzer. (Source: http://www.tek.com/spectrum-analyzer/rsa6000) The high performance RSA6000 Spectrum Analyzer will help network administrator to easily discover design issues. This analyzer has leading dynamic range and bandwidth combination and hence coupled with the unique DPX Live RF Spectrum display. It gives immediate confidence in the stability and instantly displaying a fault when it occurs. The frequencies of RSA6000 series are below: Model Capture Bandwidth Frequency Range RSA6106B 40 MHz - 110 MHz 9 kHz - 6.2 GHz RSA6114B 40 MHz - 110 MHz 1 Hz - 6.2 GHz RSA5115A 40 MHz - 110 MHz 9kHz - 14 GHz RSA5126A 40 MHz - 110 MHz 9kHz - 20 GHz 60 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Technical Feasibility The features of these analyzers are: Features Description 1. High-performance Spectrum Analysis 20 dBm 3rd Order Intercept at 2 GHz, Typical Displayed Average Noise Level – 151 dBm/Hz at 2 GHz (–170 dBm/Hz, Preamp On, typical) enables Low-level Signal Search ±0.5 dB Absolute Amplitude Accuracy to 3 GHz for High Measurement Confidence Fully Preselected and Image Free at All Times for Maximum Dynamic Range at Any Acquisition Bandwidth Fastest High-resolution Sweep Speed: 1 GHz sweep in 10 kHz RBW in less than 1 second 2. Discover DPX® Spectrum Processing provides an Intuitive Understanding of Time-varying RF Signals with Color-graded Displays based on Frequency of Occurrence Revolutionary DPX Displays Transients with a Minimum Event Duration of 3.7 μs Swept DPX Spectrum enables Unprecedented Signal Discovery over Full Instrument Span 3. Trigger Trigger on Frequency Edge or Power Level Transients with a Minimum Event Duration of 3.8 μs in the Frequency Domain, 9.1 ns in Time Domain DPX Density™ Trigger Activated Directly from DPX Display Time-qualified and Runt Triggers Trap Elusive Transients Frequency Mask Trigger Captures Any Change in Frequency Domain 61 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 4. Capture Up to 1.7 s Acquisitions at 110 MHz Bandwidth can be Directly Stored as MATLAB™ Compatible Files Gap-free Spectrogram Records up to 4444 Days of Spectral Information for Analysis and Replay Interfaces with TekConnect® Probes for RF Probing 5. Analyze Time-correlated Multidomain Displays for Quicker Understanding of Cause and Effect when Troubleshooting Power, Spectrum, and Statistics Measurements help you Characterize Components and Systems: Channel Power, ACLR, Power vs. Time, CCDF, OBW/EBW, and Spur Search AM/FM/PM Modulation and Audio Measurements (Opt. 10) Phase Noise and Jitter Measurements (Opt. 11) Settling Time Measurements, Frequency, and Phase (Opt. 12) Pulse Measurements (Opt. 20) – Over 20 Vector and Scalar Parameters including Rise Time, Pulse Width, Pulse-to-Pulse Phase provide Deep Insight into Pulse Train Behavior General Purpose Digital Modulation Analysis (Opt. 21) provides Vector Signal Analyzer Functionality for Over 20 Modulation Types Flexible OFDM analysis of 802.11a/g/j and WiMAX 802.16-2005 62 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Specifications of the analyzers are as below: Source: (Tektronix Product Catalog, 2013) Economic Feasibility Product Price Aeroflex 3253 $ 68000 Tektronix Spectrum $ 82,400 Analyzer 63 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Comparisons on both Aeroflex and Tektronix Spectrum Analyzer Aeroflex 3253 Tektronix Spectrum Analyzer Frequency 1 kHz - 13.2 GHz 9 kHz - 14 GHz Features - Portability - DPX® Live RF spectrum display - High accuracy and reliability -Multi-domain time correlation - Standard 30 MHz I/Q - Automatic pulse demodulation bandwidth measurement and detection Price $ 68000 $ 82,400 Source: (Tek.com) Recommendation For International E-cash, Tektronix Spectrum Analyzer is most suitable to monitor its WiMAX network as its frequency range is includes 3.5 GHz. The DPX® Live RF spectrum display deters abnormal signal behavior accurately. This will enable to identify International E-cash's network abnormalities. Its multi-domain time correlation feature quickens analysis and troubleshooting in multiple domains. Such a feature prevents intrusion as fast as possible if ever International E- cash's WiMAX network is exploited. 64 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Maintenance Maintenance of the system and hardware equipment’s is equally necessary in International E- Cash. There are two types of maintenance which are carried out. They are corrective maintenance, preventive maintenance, planned based maintenance and condition based maintenance. Corrective Maintenance (L.C.Morow 1952) Corrective maintenance is a one type of a maintenance task performed to identify, isolate and rectify faulty hardware equipment’s and system. It also can be defined as the maintenance which is required due to equipment’s being failed or worn out to bring it back to working order. Corrective maintenance may consist of repairs, restorations and or replacement of equipment’s. This maintenance would be considered as a regular inspection in the company and it is always has to be scheduled beforehand. The employees would realize problems with the system and the hardware equipment’s and then report to technicians regarding it. Technicians will rectify the problems and come up with a solution. It is advised that corrective maintenance should be done every three months once to avoid problems at all cost. Preventive Maintenance Preventive maintenance is a type of planned maintenance task performed to tests, measurements, adjustments and also part replacements to prevent faults from occurring. Preventive maintenance can be divided into two such as planned maintenance and conditioned based maintenance. Planned maintenances are usually preplanned whereas conditioned based maintenance are usually performed when after one or more indications shows the hardware equipment or system is going to fail.(Brian Wood 2003) Technicians do this preventive maintenance from time to time depending on how severe the problem could bring to the company. 65 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Conditioned based maintenance is a type of maintenance which needs arises. (Gopalakrishna Palem 2013) The maintenance is performed after one or more indicators showing that the equipment is going to fail. Advantages and Disadvantages of Planned Maintenance Advantages Disadvantages Easier for purchasing standby equipment’s. More expensive due to replacing equipment or equipment parts. Costs of repairs are distributed equally. Requires training investment and on-going labor costs (Brian Wood 2003) Advantages and Disadvantages of Condition Based Maintenance Advantages Disadvantages Improved system reliability High installation costs for minor equipment parts Decreased maintenance cost Unpredictable maintenance because costs are to be shared equally Decreased number of maintenance operations (Gopalakrishna Palem 2013) Recommendation I recommend to International E-Cash to use all four types of maintenance in order to have a successful network. 66 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Conclusion Finally, the proposal of International E-Cash wireless network has been prepared. By implementing the proposal, the headquarter and the branches will be able to communicate via wireless. By conducting research and preparing the proposal, our network team has gain various new knowledge on wireless technology. We have learnt the new wireless standards as well as the numerous new hardware and software that have emerged in the technology market. In the future, we would recommend including the upcoming 802.16m Wimax standard for any future International E-Cash branches being opened, as well as incorporating new hardware and software technology which are currently under development. 67 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 References MERVYN ANTHONY FRANCIS (TP029324) Ligowave.com. 2014. LigoPTP 5-23 PRO | Ligowave. [online] Available at: http://www.ligowave.com/ligoptp-5-23-pro [Accessed: 15 Jan 2014]. Pwnets.com. 2014. PureWave Networks –. [online] Available at: http://www.pwnets.com/ [Accessed: 19 Jan 2014]. Pwnets.com. 2014. Quantum 6600. [online] Available at: http://www.pwnets.com/solutions/purewave-quantum-wimax-base-stations/purewave- quantum-6600 [Accessed: 18 Jan 2014]. Techopedia.com. 2014. What is a Base Station (BS)? - Definition from Techopedia. 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Advanced Network Technologies Virtual Labs - IIT Kharagpur. [online] Available at: http://virtual-labs.ac.in/cse28/ant/ant/6/theory/ [Accessed: 20 Dec 2014]. VETRIKUMAR MANUGARAN (TP033342) Codealias.info. 2014. Performance evaluation of wireless security systems and AAA (RADIUS) protocols. [online] Available at: http://www.codealias.info/technotes/performance_evaluation_of_wireless_security_systems_ part_1 [Accessed: 23 Jan 2014]. Comparison Of DES, B. E. F. D. 2014. Comparison of DES, Triple DES, AES, blowfish encryption for data - Stack Overflow. [online] Available at: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5554526/comparison-of-des-triple-des-aes-blowfish- encryption-for-data [Accessed: 23 Jan 2014]. Cooper, S. 2014. EAP Methods | eHow. [online] Available at: http://www.ehow.com/list_6908727_eap-methods.html [Accessed: 23 Jan 2014]. Differencebetween.net. 2014. Difference Between DES and AES | Difference Between | DES vs AES. 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[online] Available at: http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/March2009/New_Series_of_Spectrum_Analyzers_from_Aeroflex.ht ml [Accessed: 24 Jan 2014]. Aeroflex 3253Buy, O. L. 2014. Aeroflex 3253 Sale, Rent, or Lease | 1 kHz - 13.2 GHz Spectrum Analyzer | sale | rental | lease. [online] Available at: https://www.ntecusa.com/Test-Equipment-Sales/Spectrum-Analyzers/Aeroflex- 3253/BD99DC8CC0860F36825B75E7F63DAC16 [Accessed: 24 Jan 2014]. Aeroflex.com. 2014. 3250 Series Spectrum Analyzers - Aeroflex. [online] Available at: http://www.aeroflex.com/ats/products/product/Spectrum_Analyzers_and_Signal_Analyzers/3 250_Series_Spectrum_Analyzers~684.html [Accessed: 24 Jan 2014]. Aeroflex.com. 2014. Spectrum Analyzers and Signal Analyzers - Aeroflex. [online] Available at: http://www.aeroflex.com/ats/products/category/Spectrum_Analyzers_and_Signal_Analyzers. html [Accessed: 24 Jan 2014]. 72 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Anonymous. 2014. [online] Available at: http://www.tek.com/spectrum-analyzer/rsa6000 [Accessed: 24 Jan 2014]. Anonymous. 2014. [online] Available at: http://www.aeroflex.com/ats/products/prodfiles/brochures/3250_Brochure.pdf [Accessed: 24 Jan 2014]. Spiceworks.com. 2014. Network Performance Management | Spiceworks | Network Management Performance. [online] Available at: http://www.spiceworks.com/it- articles/network-performance-management/ [Accessed: 24 Jan 2014]. Tektronix RSA6120A Spectrum Analyzer, 9. K. T. 2. G. H. R. 2014. Used Tektronix RSA6120A | used-line.com. [online] Available at: http://www.used-line.com/list-spectrum- analyzer/tektronix/tektronix-rsa6120a?dealer=415A0464 [Accessed: 24 Jan 2014]. Wimax-industry.com. 2014. WiMAX Spectrum Analyzer. [online] Available at: http://www.wimax-industry.com/ar/28j.htm [Accessed: 24 Jan 2014]. 73 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Gantt Chart 74 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Workload Matrix Name Task/Responsibility Signature Darini Shanmugavel Monitoring and Maintenance considerations (TP025581) (Part D) Rarshvindran a/l Maslamani Site survey and other related considerations for deploying (TP026565) Wireless solutions (Part A) Vetrikumar Manugaran Security implementations requirements (TP033342) (Part C) Mervyn Anthony Francis Hardware and Software requirements, considerations, (TP029324) and justifications (Part B) 75 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Francis Maslamani Manugaran 76 Vetrikumar a/l Rarshvindran a/l Mervyn Anthony Darini Shanmugavel Presentation (10) Marking Scheme Report content (10) Diagrams and/or Figures (20) INTERNATIONAL E-CASH Analytical and Critical Thinking (20) Progress Report (5) Workload Matrix (5) INDIVIDUAL COMPONENT (70%) Individual Total (70) Assumptions (5) (30%) GROUP Documentation (10) COMPONENT Referencing (15) Group Total (30) Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014 Grand Total (100)