Semester Two SAMPLE Examination, 2012 Venue Seat Number Student Number Family NameThis exam paper must not be removed from the venue BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms ____________________ ________ |__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| _____________________ _____________________ First Name School of Biomedical Sciences EXAMINATION Semester Two SAMPLE Examination, 2012 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms This paper is for St Lucia Campus students. Examination Duration: Reading Time: Exam Conditions: This is a Central Examination This is a Closed Book Examination - specified materials permitted During perusal - write only on the rough paper provided This examination paper will NOT be released to the Library Materials Permitted In The Exam Venue: (No electronic aids are permitted e.g. laptops, phones) Calculators - Casio FX82 series or UQ approved (labelled) Materials To Be Supplied To Students: 1 x Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Rough Paper Instructions To Students: Students are required to write their Name and Student Number on the front cover and each new section of the examination paper, as well as the MCQ marking sheet. 90 minutes 10 minutes For Examiner Use Only Question Mark Page 1 of 20 Total ________ Semester Two SAMPLE Examination, 2012 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms Instructions for Completing your MCQ Answer Sheet 1. 2. 3. The computer answer sheet must be handled with care. [Do not curl, crease, fold, staple or pin.] Use only HB or B pencils. Press firmly. [Do not use any H-grade pencil, ball-point pens, or ink pens.] • Print your surname and initials (without full stops) in the line of large boxes under the headings "SURNAME" and "INITS". • Shade in completely the corresponding box beneath each letter. [If your surname consists of two or more words, is hyphenated (-), or has an apostrophe ('), shade the blank box above the A at the top of the surname area.] • Repeat this procedure for "STUDENT NUMBER". 4. 5. Complete, in the space provided: "COURSE CODE" and "DATE". Complete the answer boxes by shading the appropriate box completely. Do not extend the shading outside the box area. Do not leave any questions out. If you are unable to respond to a question (or you are advised to ignore a question during the examination), shade the box marked with a "?" to the right of the answer area. Take care when making corrections. Erased marks must be completely erased. Ask for a new answer sheet if you have made too many erasures. 6. 7. 8. Check List Have you completed the "Surname" and indicated at least one initial? Is your "Student indicated correctly? Number" Have you indicated the "Course code" and the "Date" in the space provided? Have you shaded ONE response only to every multiple-choice question on your exam paper? Have you completely erased all unwanted marks? S A M P L E Good Luck! O N L Y Page 2 of 20 such as noradrenaline.65 marks] Unsaturated phospholipids cause increased viscoity of the membrane At body temperature.33 marks Each question carries equal marks 1 Which of the following statements about cell membranes is CORRECT? A B C D E [1.65 marks] A B C D E a charged amino acid like lysine an amino acid that causes kinks in protein structure like proline a polar amino acid like serine no particular type.. BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms …………….….…. cholesterol always decreases the fluidity of the membrane [36081] 2 Which type of amino acid would most likely be present in the transmembrane domain of an integral membrane protein? [1.. Student Number Surname Initials SECTION A – MULTIPLE CHOICE Recommended time = 66 minutes Number of questions = 40 _______________________________________________ Only ONE correct response is possible for each question For each question indicate your answer (A – E) in the corresponding numbered space on the computer answer sheet If you DO NOT know the answer.……... as any amino acid prefers the transmembrane domain a hydrophobic amino acid like valine [37208] 3 Which of the following statements about second messengers is INCORRECT? Second messengers [1.………… ………….………………….….65 marks] A B C D E are used by many hormones and neurotransmitters to produce their effects in cells are produced after activation of the signal transduction pathway of a G-protein coupled receptors are important for carrying out the action of steroid hormones on their target cells are produced when some hormone receptors interact with heterotrimeric G proteins result in amplification of the signal when a neurotransmitter. mark the “?” box on your answer sheet to gain 0.Semester Two SAMPLE Examination...……. 2012 …….. cholesterol increases the fluidity of membranes Saturated phospholipids result in reduced membrane fluidity Unsaturated phospholipids are less kinked than saturated lipids Because of its “ordered” structure. stimulates its receptor [34113] Page 3 of 20 . voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels A B C D E cause hyperpolarisation of neurons when they are activated increase intracellular K+ concentration both cycle through three conformations during their activity are both activated by depolarization of the neuron are both activated rapidly [1. Which of the following would you NOT expect to occur in the neurons when digoxin is added to the sciatic nerve preparation? [1.65 marks] A B C D E 6 uses energy from ATP breakdown allows active transport of cations works with the Na+-glucose cotransporter for active uptake of glucose transports Na+ ions down their concentration gradient functions as an electrogenic pump [36090] Answer this question based on the background information above.Semester Two SAMPLE Examination.65 marks] A B C D E Na+ ion gradient gradually disappears resting membrane potential is reduced intracellular negative charge is decreased K+ ion gradient gradually disappears Cl.ion gradient gradually disappears [36091] 7 In an action potential. 2012 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms 4 Which of the following statements about ion channel-linked receptors is INCORRECT? They [1.65 marks] A B C D E may allow influx of Cl. Which ONE (1) of the following statements about Na+/K+-ATPase is INCORRECT? It [1.65 marks] [37210] Page 4 of 20 .ions into a neuron allow active transport of cations result in a faster action in cells than G protein-coupled receptors may allow influx of Na+ ions down their concentration gradient are also known as ligand-gated ion channels [37206] Background for Q5 and Q6 Digoxin is used in an experiment to investigate neuronal function using a toad sciatic nerve preparation. Digoxin is a drug that is used to treat heart failure and it acts by blocking the action of Na+/K+-ATPase. 5 Answer this question based on the background information above. 9 Answer this question based on the background information above.65 marks] [36094] Background for Q9 and Q10 The release of noradrenaline from a presynaptic neuron stimulated postsynaptic αadrenoceptors.65 marks] A B C D E Speech with only one region of the cerebral cortex Higher order functions that distinguish humans from other species with the brainstem Movement with the basal nuclei embedded deep in the cerebrum Long term memory with the hypothalamus Communication between the cerebral cortex and lower areas of the brain with the corpus callosum [32223] Page 5 of 20 .Semester Two SAMPLE Examination. The scenario in the background is an example of [1. 2012 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms 8 Which of the following statements about myelin is INCORRECT? Myelin A B C D E facilitates conduction of action potentials is found in clusters of cell bodies in the grey matter is found in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord sheaths form around both central and peripheral neurons forms protective and insulating layers around axons [1. This caused an influx of Ca2+ ions and stimulated the postsynaptic neuron.65 marks] A B C D E 10 direct synaptic transmission hyperpolarization an amino acid acting as a neurotransmitter Ca2+ acting as a second messenger a response mediated by ligand-gated sodium channels [36092] Answer this question based on the background information above.65 marks] A B C D E occurs slowly by diffusion is increased by antidepressant drugs involves metabolism by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase is mediated by reuptake into the presynaptic neuron by a transporter requires rapid uptake into postsynaptic neurons by α-adrenoceptors [36093] 11 Which of the following is a CORRECT association of function with the named region of the brain? [1. Removal of noradrenaline from the synaptic cleft [1. minimising joint compressive forces allows us to walk at speeds in excess of about 3 metres per second [33903] Page 6 of 20 .65 marks] A B C D E T-tubules lacunae chondrocytes primary osteons canaliculi [33113] 15 We use a „nearly straight-legged posture‟ when load-bearing during walking because it [1. reducing the energetic costs of locomotion maximises the moment arm of muscles that flex the knee joint. 2012 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms 12 Which of the following is a CORRECT statement about locomotion in a fluid environment? [1. which one of the following statements is INCORRECT? A B C D E [1.65 marks] A B C D E reduces the muscle moments about the knee joint making walking energetically economical allows us to utilise our tendons in the legs as „springs‟ to offset the costs of walking allows the centre of mass to travel horizontally.65 marks] A B C D E Streamlining of the body is important when operating at relatively high Reynold‟s numbers Swimbladders of sharks are constant volume structures that helps them achieve near neutral buoyancy irrespective of the diving depth Rowing behaviours tend to use lift-based mechanisms Many bony fishes store low density lipids within their livers to help them achieve neutral buoyancy Sharks use their pectoral fins to generate forward thrust [33908] 13 Considering bone.Semester Two SAMPLE Examination.65 marks] Haversian systems are secondary structures in compact bone Osteocytes within compact bone communicate with their neighbours via cytoplasmic extensions that pass through canaliculi Trabecular bone and compact bone are composed of the same material Osteoblasts produce osteoid that mineralises to become bone Trabecular bone does not remodel [32200] 14 The osteological features that allow osteocytes to communicate with each other are called [1. 65 marks] A B C D E The rate of contraction can be controlled by the autonomic nervous system Impulses are delayed at the atrioventricular node The ventricles and atria contract simultaneously Cells in the sinoatrial node set the rate and timing of cardiac contraction Impulses travel from the sinoatrial node to the atrioventricular node [35730] Page 7 of 20 . energy released by the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is required for [1.Semester Two SAMPLE Examination.65 marks] [35725] 19 The pulmonary artery takes blood from the A B C D E right ventricle to the lungs left ventricle to the right ventricle lungs to the right ventricle lungs to the left ventricle left ventricle to the lungs [1.65 marks] A B C D E It is entering the atria during diastole It is about to flow into the right ventricle It is oxygen-poor It comes from the vena cava It is exiting the pulmonary circuit [35724] 18 Damage to the atrioventricular node would A B C D E increase blood flow from the vena cava to the right atrium increase the force of ventricular contractions disrupt the rhythm of ventricular contractions increase cardiac output decrease the rate of atrial contractions [1.65 marks] [35728] 20 Which ONE (1) of the following statements about electrical activity in the heart is INCORRECT? [1. 2012 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms 16 During the process of skeletal muscle contraction.65 marks] A B C D E altering the conformation of tropomyosin molecules release of the bound myosin heads from actin molecules generating the powerstroke to slide myofilaments relative to each other converting the myosin heads from their low-energy configuration to their high-energy configuration attaching myosin heads to actin binding sites [32198] 17 Which one of the following statements about blood flowing into the right atria is INCORRECT? [1. g.65 marks] A stimulates metabolism B is required for a tadpole to develop into a frog C is released in response to stress D receptors are found only on the hypothalamus E is important in embryonic development [35764] Page 8 of 20 .65 marks] [36089] 22 In the stages of cell signalling. 2012 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms 21 Comparing foetal with maternal haemoglobin. 24 The thyroid hormone is an example of A B C D E 25 a neurotransmitter an insoluble amine hormone a steroid hormone a water soluble peptide hormone a lipid soluble amine hormone [35762] [1. triggering a response in neighbouring cells. What is this a description of? [1.65 marks] How does overactivity of the thyroid gland relate to these symptoms? Thyroid hormone [1. the signalling molecule (e.65 marks] A B C D E transduction amplification of the signal in the cell producing the second messenger in the cell activation of the cellular response reception [37205] 23 Secreted molecules diffuse locally through the extracellular fluid. only at high PO2 values allows the transfer of O2 from the foetus to the mother [1.65 marks] A B C D E neuroendocrine signalling endocrine signalling autocrine signalling paracrine signalling synaptic signalling [34100] Background for Q24 and Q25 Your friend‟s mother has symptoms of losing weight and feeling hot and sweaty.Semester Two SAMPLE Examination. hormone or neurotransmitter) is directly involved in [1. O2 saturation A B C D E is lower for the foetus than the mother at all PO2 values is slightly higher for the foetus than the mother is the same for the foetus and mother is higher for the foetus than the mother. It has been found that the symptoms are due to overactivity of her thyroid gland. a chemical substance migrates toward the light [37156] Page 9 of 20 . normal growth cannot be induced When shoots are exposed to light.65 marks] A B C D E osmosis in the root active transport of ions into the stele atmospheric pressure on roots evaporation of water through stomata the force of root pressure [37155] 29 If you were shipping green bananas to a supermarket thousands of kilometres away.65 marks] A B C D E CO2 gibberellic acids auxin cytokinins ethylene [37157] 30 Which of these conclusions is supported by the research of both Went and Charles and Frances Darwin on shoot responses to light? [1.65 marks] A B C D E Agar contains a chemical substance that mimics a plant hormone Light stimulates the synthesis of a plant hormone that responds to light A chemical substance involved in shoot bending is produced in shoot tips Once shoot tips have been cut. 2012 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms 26 What is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis? A B C D E [1.Semester Two SAMPLE Examination.65 marks] Secondary growth is a common feature of eudicot leaves Flowers may have secondary growth Secondary growth is produced by both the vascular cambium and the cork cambium Plants with secondary growth are typically the smallest ones in an ecosystem Primary growth and secondary growth alternate in the life cycle of a plant [37154] 28 What is the main force by which most of the water within xylem vessels moves toward the top of a tree? [1. which of the following chemicals would you want to eliminate from the plants' environment? [1.65 marks] To produce energy-rich glucose from carbon dioxide and water To produce NADPH used in respiration To produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and NADPH To use adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to make glucose To convert light energy to the chemical energy of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) [37153] 27 Which of the following is CORRECT about secondary growth in plants? A B C D E [1. leading to haemolysis leave the cells. leading to haemolysis enter the cells. leading to crenation enter the cells. 1970 saw which landmark event? A B C D E the coining of the term 'Gene Therapy' the first injection of recombinant virus into a patient the use of adenovirus and adeno-associated virus a detailed understanding of the retroviral lifecycle was obtained the discovery of retroviral reverse transcriptase [1. 2012 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms 31 A long-day plant will flower A B C D E if the duration of continuous darkness is less than a critical length if the duration of continuous darkness exceeds a critical length if the duration of continuous light is less than a critical length if it is kept in continuous heat if the duration of continuous light exceeds a critical length [1.65 marks] A B C D E leave the cells.65 marks] [31553] 34 In the timeline of gene therapy development.65 marks] [37158] 32 The Agrobacterium Ti plasmid A B C D E contains phytohormone synthesis genes contains opine biosynthesis genes contains the T-DNA that is transferred to the plant genome can be used to transfer foreign genes into plants all of the above [1.Semester Two SAMPLE Examination. leading to crenation enter and leave the cells in equal proportions [34071] Page 10 of 20 .65 marks] [31552] 35 What will happen if you place red blood cells from a sheep into a solution of 200 mM NaCl solution? Water will [1. you A B C D E substitute its replication (rep) genes alter its coat (capsid) protein replace its GAG genes change its long terminal repeat sequences (LTRs) modify its capacity to integrate in the nucleus [1.65 marks] [37159] 33 If you pseudotype a virus. Semester Two SAMPLE Examination. 2012 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms 36 You have 200 ml of a 4 M NaCl stock solution. excitationcontraction coupling excitation-contraction coupling.5 ml of stock and 0.5 ml of stock and 7. excitationcontraction coupling crossing the neuromuscular junction. excitation-contraction coupling.5 ml of distilled water 0. crossing the neuromuscular junction. excitation-contraction coupling.125 ml of stock and 7. crossing the neuromuscular junction propagation down the sciatic nerve.65 marks] A B C D E A positive control is not possible for this experiment The response produced after anaesthetic and cold shocks are both applied The first response produced after anaesthetic is applied The response after anaesthetic has taken full effect The response produced before anaesthetic is applied [34073] 38 Which is the correct order of events between stimulation of the sciatic nerve and contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle? [1. which of the following could be used as a valid positive control? [1. crossing the neuromuscular junction [30735] 39 The duration of a compound action potential is defined as A B [1. propagation down the sciatic nerve. What volumes of stock and distilled water must you add together to create 8 ml of a 250 mM working solution? [1.65 marks] A B C D E 5.875 ml of distilled water 2 ml of stock and 6 ml of distilled water 7. propagation down the sciatic nerve.2 ml of stock and 2.65 marks] A B C D E propagation down the sciatic nerve.65 marks] C D E the time between applying the stimulus and the fastest travelling individual action potential passing under the second recording electrode the time between the fastest individual action potential passing under the first recording electrode and the fastest travelling action potential passing under the second recording electrode the time between applying the stimulus and the fastest travelling individual action potential passing under the first recording electrode the number of individual action potentials passing under the first recording electrode the time between the fastest individual action potential passing under the first recording electrode and the slowest travelling action potential passing under the second recording electrode [34075] Page 11 of 20 .8 ml of distilled water 0. propagation down the sciatic nerve crossing the neuromuscular junction.5 ml of distilled water [34072] 37 When examining the effect of a local anaesthetic on a nerve bundle. 65 marks] A B C D E mechanical summation and increasing acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction recruiting more motor units and increasing acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction mechanical summation and recruiting more motor units recruiting more motor units and decreasing sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores mechanical summation and decreasing sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores [30803] Page 12 of 20 . 2012 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms 40 Which of the following are two biological processes which can increase the force of a muscle contraction? [1.Semester Two SAMPLE Examination. .......... You have been asked to investigate the effect of extracellular osmolarity on red blood cells.... using the grid below and suitable scale axes... (3 marks) [32186] Page 13 of 20 .. ……………………… /8 TOTAL Student Number 1 Surname Total Q1: [8 marks] You are working for a food company developing a new sports drink....Semester Two SAMPLE Examination............ The results are presented in the table below: Osmolarity of extracellular fluid (mOsm l-1) 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 (a) (b) Haematocrit of Haematocrit of Haematocrit of sample 1 sample 2 sample 3 (% RBC) (% RBC) (% RBC) 0 0 0 0 3 14 35 55 51 45 40 0 0 0 1 7 15 33 58 50 45 35 0 0 0 0 5 16 37 52 49 45 30 Mean haematocrit (% RBC) 0 0 0 0 5 15 35 55 50 45 35 Graph the mean data to illustrate the effect of extracellular osmolarity on red blood cells........ In your experiments. 2012 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms SECTION B – SHORT ANSWER Recommended time for this section is eight (8) minutes [JK] ............... (3 marks) Label the axes (with units) and provide a professional.... you expose human blood cells (which have an osmolarity of around 300 mOsm l-1) to a range of extracellular osmolarities and measure the haematocrit (Hct) of whole blood... descriptive figure legend...... explain the physiological basis for the relationship shown in the graph between extracellular fluid osmolarity and haematocrit. 2012 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms (c) Given your understanding of osmosis and cell biology. (2 marks) [32189] Page 14 of 20 .Semester Two SAMPLE Examination. .....Semester Two SAMPLE Examination.... During competition............ Ryan‟s heart rate increases to 200 beats per minute.. and his stroke volume is 110 mL.. (2 marks) [33680] (b) Explain how the distribution of cardiac output to the skeletal muscle changes during intense exercise....... and his cardiac output increases 6-fold... (1 mark) [33874] (c) Briefly explain how the O2 levels in Ryan‟s muscles change during a race........ (a) Calculate Ryan‟s cardiac output at rest. ……………………… /8 TOTAL Student Number 2 Background Surname Total Q2: [8 marks] Ryan Runner is a UQ track athlete who has recently been selected to compete at the 2010 Commonwealth Games..... his heart rate is 50 beats per minute.. What mechanisms does the body use to meet this altered demand for O2 during exercise? (2 marks) [33875] Page 15 of 20 .. and his stroke volume whilst racing.. At rest.... and the mechanism by which this occurs....... 2012 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms SECTION C – SHORT ANSWER Recommended time for this section is eight (8) minutes [TP] .......... 2012 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms (d) It‟s the day of the 800m final at the Commonwealth Games.Semester Two SAMPLE Examination. Ryan is nervous about the upcoming race. causing his adrenal glands to increase their secretion of adrenaline. (2 marks) [33877] Page 16 of 20 . Which receptor subtype binds adrenaline at the liver? (1 mark) [33876] (e) Name TWO (2) effects this would have on the liver. ... (a) Briefly describe the THREE (3) short distance transport routes that are present in plants........ Support your answer with a drawing showing the pathways............ and nutrients between different parts of their anatomy.........Semester Two SAMPLE Examination........... 2012 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms SECTION D – SHORT ANSWER Recommended time for this section is eight (8) minutes [LL] ... [5 marks] [32857] Page 17 of 20 .. gases...... ions... Answer the following questions which focus on the routes used for short distance transport in plants and animals.. ……………………… /8 TOTAL Student Number 3 Background Surname Total Q3: [8 marks] Plants and animals need to transport water............ 2012 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms (b) Identify which of the short distance transport routes in plants also occurs in animals. (2 marks) [37211] END OF PAPER Page 18 of 20 .Semester Two SAMPLE Examination. (1 mark) [33295] (c) Name and list the key features of TWO (2) examples of the short distance transport pathway that you identified as occurring in animals. 2012 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms ROUGH WORK This page is provided for rough working ONLY. DO NOT answer any part of your question paper here. Page 19 of 20 . it does not form part of the assessment. Additional paper is available on request from the Supervisor if the space provided is insufficient.Semester Two SAMPLE Examination. Page 20 of 20 . It will be detached before the paper is marked. 2012 BIOL1040 Cells to Organisms COMMENTS This page is available for you to make any anonymous comments or constructive criticisms of questions in this test.Semester Two SAMPLE Examination. Additional paper is available on request from the Supervisor if the space provided is insufficient. DO NOT answer any part of your question paper here.