Past Indefinite (सामा7य भूतकाल सामा7य भूतकाल सामा7य भूतकाल सामा7य भूतकाल) )) ) September 1, 2009 20090901-PastIndefinite.mp3 More examples: Many people died there. बह ु त से लोग वहाँ मर गये | Bahut se log vahan mar gaye They left their houses and fled वे अपने घर छोड़ कर भाग गये | ve apne ghar chod kar bhaag gaye Ram spoke in Hindi. राम Íह7द| म बोला Ram Hindi mein bola I went to school. म पाठशाला गया । Main paatsaala gaya Sita bought a watch. सीता ने एक घड़ी खर|द| Sita ne ek ghadi kharidi Krishna bought 4 watches क ृ *णा ने चार घÍड़याँ ख़र|द|ं Krishna ne chaar ghdiyam kharideem Girls ate. लड़Íकय| ने खाया Ladkiyon ne khaya Did you see the cow? 4या तु मने गाय को दे खा? Kya tumne gaay ko dekha? Latha sang. लता ने गाया Latha ne gaaya The sun has not risen yet सूरज अभी तक उदय नह|ं ह ु या Sooraj abhi tak uday nahin huya I have not yet gone to see him. म ने अभी तक उसे दे खने नह|ं गाया Meine abhi tak use dekhne nahin gaya It did not rain yesterday. कल बाÍरश नह|ं ह ु आ Kal baarish nahin huya She started from here early today. वह आज ज~द| यहाँ से Îनकल गयी Vah aaj jaldi yahan se nikal gayi My mother did not allow me to go to the market. मेर| माँ ने मुझे ÍवH|-1थल नह| जाने Íदया । Meri maa ne mujhe bikri-stal nahin jaane diya Did you drink a cup of tea? 4या आपने एक ¯याला चाय पीया? Kya aapne ek pyala chaai piya? I did not eat my food म ने अपना भोजन नह| खाया। Maine apna bhajan nahin khaya Past Continuous or Past Progressive - अपूण भूतकाल अपूण भूतकाल अपूण भूतकाल अपूण भूतकाल (Apurn Bhootkaal) September 2, 2009 20090902-PastContinuous.mp3 Apurn Bhootkaal refers to an action that was happening in the past and there is no information regarding its completion. It is formed by adding ता था (ta tha) or रहा था (raha tha) to the verb root in masculine singular, ते थे (te the) or रहे थे (rahe the) to the verb root in masculine plural, ती थी (ti thi) or रह| थी (rahi thi) to the verb root in feminine singular, and ती थीं (ti thim) or रह| थीं (rahi thim) to the verb root in feminine plural. examples: चलता था (chaltha tha), चलते थे (chalthe the), चलती थी (chalthi thi), चलती थीं (chalthi thim) चल रहा था (chal raha tha), चल रहे थे (chal rahe the), चल रह| थी (chal rahi thi), चल रह| थीं (chal rahi thim) I was writing a letter (m.sin.) म खत Îलख रहा था Main khat likh raha tha I was reading a book (f. sin.) म एक Íकताब पढ़ रह| थी Main ek kitab padh rahi thi We were going to the market in the evening. (m.pl.) हम शाम को बाज़ार जा रहे थे Hum shaam ko bazaar ja rahe the Mother was making bread. माँ रोट| बना रह| थी Maa roti bana rahi thi The girls were playing football in the ground.(f. pl.) लड़Íकयाँ मैदान मे ग द खेल रह| थीं ladkiyam maidan me gend khel rahi thim Whose song were you listening to? आप Íकसका गाना सुन रह| थीं Aap kiska gaana sun rahi thim It was raining last evening. कल शाम को बाÍरश हो रह| थी kal shaam ko baarish ho rahi thi The farmer was ploughing his field in the morning. Íकसान सुबह अपने खेत जोत रहा था Kisaan subah apne khet jot raha tha Who were making noise in the class? कHा म कौन शोर मचा रहे kaksha mein kaun shor macha rahe the? थे? They were working all day. वे पूरे Íदन काम कर रहे थे Veh pure din kaam kar rahe the What were you doing at 7.30 last night? आप Íपछले रात सादे सात को 4या कर रहे थे? aap pichale raat sade saath ko kya kar rahe the? I was eating dinner when the phone rang. जब फोन बजा तो म रात का खाना खा रह| थी jab phone baja to main raat ka khana kha rahi thi Was your mother cooking all night? 4या तु +हार| माँ सार| रात खाना पका रह| थी Kya tumhari maa sari raat khana paka rahi thi Past Conditional - हे तु हे तुमत भू तकाल हे तु हे तुमत भू तकाल हे तु हे तुमत भू तकाल हे तु हे तुमत भू तकाल (Hethuhethumat Bhootkaal) September 3, 2009 20090903-PastConditional.mp3 Hethuhethumat Bhootkaal is conditional and refers to the possibility of happening an act in the past, but did not actually happen due to some reasons. It is formed by adding ता(ta), ते(te), ती(ti) to the root of the final verb. After the first clause in the sentence, तो (to) should be added. यÍद (yadi) or अगर (agar) is added to indicate the conditional clause. Examples:- If you had come, I would have gone. यÍद तु म आते तो म जाता Yadi tum aate to main jata If you had called me, I would have come. (f.) अगर तु म मुझे बुलाती तो म आती Agar tum mujhe bulaati to main aati If you had called me, I would have come. (m.) अगर तु म मुझे बुलाते तो म आता Agar tum mujhe bulaate to main aata If he had walked fast, he would have got the bus. अगर वह तेज़ चलता तो बस Îमलती Agar vah tej chalta to bus milti If the teacher had told, the boys would have remained quite. अ²यापक कहते तो लड़के चुप रहते Adhyapak kahte to ladke chup rahte If I had had more money, I could have stayed longer. अगर मे रे पास पैसा होता, तो म लंबे समय तक ठहर सकता Agar mere pas paisa hota, to main lambe samay tak thahar sakta If I had known it was your birthday, I would have bought you a present. अगर मुझे मालूम होता क| तु+हारा जनमÍदन है , तो म एक तौफा लाता Agar mujhe maloom hota ki tumhara janamdin hai, to main ek taufa laata If he had studied well, he would have passed the exam. अगर वह अ¯छ| तरह पड़ता तो पर|Hा म उôीण होता Agar vah achhi tarah padta to pareeksha mein uttirn hota If he had sold the pen for $4, I would have bought it. अगर वह चार डॉलर के Îलए कलम बेच Íदया होता तो म उसे खर|दा होता Agar vah chaar dollar ke liye kalam bech diya hota to main use kharida hota If Jack had worked harder, he would have earned more money. यÍद जॅक कÍठन काम करता तो वह और पैसा कमाता Yadi Jack kathin kaam karta to vah aur paisa kamata. What would you have done if you had won the lottery last week? अगर आप Íपछले ह9ते लॉटर| जीतते तो 4या Íकया होते? agar aap pichale hafte lottery jitte to kya kiya hote? Past Perfect Tense - पूण भूतकाल पूण भूतकाल पूण भूतकाल पूण भूतकाल (Purn Bhootkaal) September 4, 2009 20090904-PastPerfectTense.mp3 Purn Bhootkaal refers to an action that had happened in the long past. It denotes a past action that had been completed in the past. It is formed by adding था (tha), थे (the),थी (thi) or थीं (thim) to the verb of samanya bhootkaal. examples: आया था (aaya tha), आये थे (aaye the), आयी थी (aayee thi), आयी थीं (aayee thim) चला था (chala tha), चले थे (chale the), चल| थी (chali thi), चल| थीं (chali thim) I had gone म गया था/गयी थी Main gaya tha/gayi thi We had gone हम गये थे/गयी थीं Hum gaye the/gayi thim You had gone तुम गये थे/ गयी थी Tum gaye the/gayi thi He had gone वह गया था Vah gaya tha She had gone वह गयी थी Vah gayi thi They had gone वे गये थे Ve gaye the I had never seen such a beautiful beach. म इतनी खू बसूरत समु5 तट कभी नह|ं दे खा था Main itani koobsoorat samudra tat kabhi nahin dekha tha I had lost my wallet. म अपना बटु आ खो Íदया था Main aapna batua kho diya tha He had come this morning वह आज सवे रे आया था Vah aaj savere aaya tha They had not eaten for five hours. वह पाँच घंटे से नह|ं खाए थे Veh paanch ganthe se nahin khaye the Where had she gone? वह कहाँ गई थी? Vah kahan gayi thi? The train had left रे लगाड़ी छु ट गयी थी relgaadi chut gayi thi The movie had already begun. Íफ~म पहले ह| शु F हो गया था Film pahale hi shuru ho gaya tha I had gone shopping. म खर|दार| करने गयी थी Main kharidari karne gayi thi We had left by the time you arrived. जब तक आप पह ु ँचे, हम Îनकल चुके थ Jab tak aap pahunche, hum nikal chuke them I had gone to Mumbai (last year) Íपछले साल म मुंबई गया था Pichale saal main Mumbai gaya tha Past Doubtful or Presumptive Perfect - संÍद¹ध भूतकाल संÍद¹ध भूतकाल संÍद¹ध भूतकाल संÍद¹ध भूतकाल (Sandigdh Bhootkaal) September 5, 2009 20090905-PastDoubtful.mp3 Sandigdh Bhootkaal represents an act in the past, with a doubt as to if had actually happened or not. It is formed by adding hoga, hogi, honge, hongi, hoonga or hoongi to the verb in the samanya bhootkaal. Eg:- चला होगा(chala hoga), चले ह|गे(chale honge ), चल| होगी(chali hogi), चल| ह|गी (chali hongi), चला ह ू ँगा (chala hoonga), चल| ह ू ँगी (chali hoongi) He must have walked. वह चला होगा Vah chala hoga Reena might have come. र|ना आई होगी Reena aayi hogi You might have heard. तुम सुने होगे/सुनी होगी Tum sune hoge/suni hogi I might not have read. म पड़ा नह|ं ह ू ँगा Main pada nahin hoonga Ram might have come to my house yesterday. राम कल मेरे घर आया होगा Ram kal mere ghar aaya hoga Sam and Tony might have come home. सम और टोनी घर आए ह|गे Sam aur Tony ghar aaye honge Rajiv might have done his homework. राजीव ने उनके होमवक (ग ृ हकाय) Íकए ह|गे Rajiv ne unke homework(grihakary) kiye honge Anup might have read both books. अनूप ने दोनो Íकताब पढ़| होगी Anup ne dono kitabem padhi hogi He might not have gone to school. वह आज 1क ू ल नह|ं गया होगा Vah aaj school nahin gaya hoga The Aryans might have come from Central Asia. आय लोग म²य एÎशया से आए ह|गे Arya log madhya asia se aaye honge The train might have started by now. रे ल गाड़ी अब तक रवाना हो चुक| होगी Rel gaadi ab tak ravana ho chuki hogi She might have told a lie. उसने एक झूट बोल| होगी usne ek jhoot boli hogi Someone might have heard. Íकसीने सुना होगा Kiseene suna hoga. He might not have slept last night. वह Íपछले रात को सोया नह|ं होगा Vah pichale raat ko soya nahin hoga They might not have understood my words. वे मेरे श«ध| को समझ नह|ं सके ह|गे Ve mere shadhon ko samajh nahin sake honge Having heard this, how great must be the grief. यह सुन कर Íकतना दु ख ह ु आ होगा Yah sun kar kitana dukh hua hoga Lesson 1 Lesson 1 Lesson 1 Lesson 1 September 6, 2009 20090906-PastTenseWithNe.mp3 Part 1: Explanation Often you will need to use a sentence in Past tense when you want to state some past incident. This has a general format. We can divide them in two parts one with “Ne/ ने ” format and another one is without that. You can use the “Ne/ने ” format with transitive verbs .Transitive verbs are those verbs that indicate something is being done to something else. For example in the sentence "I ate" something got ate.IN the sentence "I said" something got said.And we add ने after the subject who is doing a something. For example:- Ravi saw a dream. रÍव ने ईक सपना दे खा। Here we are adding “ने” after “Ravi” as he is the subject and did something. Part 2: Examples Let us see some examples and you might need a verb list to understand them. Verb list for you: सोचना= To think खाना खाना=To eat नहाना=To bathe कहना=To talk Îलखना=To write करना=To do लाना=To bring बुलाना=To invite संदे श भेजना=To message राज़ी करना=To convince झू ठ बोलना=To tell a lie ¯यार करना=To love Sentences: 1)I thought a lot for you. म ने आपके बारे म बह ु त सोचा। 2)I saw a dream last night. कल रात म ने ईक सपना दे खा। 3)I bathed before you. म ने आप से पहले नाहा Îलया। 4)Ravi didn't think about it रÍव ने इस बारे म नह|ं सोचा। 5)Manorama called me . मऩोरमा ने मुझे बुलाया। 6)I spoke to him. म ने उससे बात Íकया। 7)They called me. उ7ह|ने मुझे फोन Íकया । 8)He ate breakfast. वह ना°ता खाया । 9)They played a game. उ7ह|ने ईक खेल खेला. 10)My friend ate . मेरे दो1त ने खाना खाया Part 3: Quiz Now it is your time to practice. I will tell you a sentence in Hindi and give you a little time to think of the answer before I tell you. Hindi -> English 1. राजा ने रोट| बना Íदया । If you said " Raja made the roti " you are correct. 2. क~पना ने आप से झू ठ बोला । If you said " Kalpana lied to you " you are correct. 3. उ7होने कमरा साफ Íकया । If you said “He cleaned the room " you are correct. Now try to think of the Hindi translation for these English sentences: English ->Hindi 1. The dog ate the food. If you said " कु ôे ने खाना खाया । " you are correct. 2. Everyone did a good job. If you said “ सभी ने अ¯छा काम Íकया । “ you are correct 3. I loved you. If you said " म ने तुमसे ¯यार Íकया । " you are correct Now you know how to make a sentence in past with the “Ne” format. Lesson 2 Lesson 2 Lesson 2 Lesson 2 September 7, 2009 20090907-PastTenseWithoutNe.mp3 Part 1: Explanation Often you will need to use a sentence in Past tense when you want to state some past incident. This has a general format. We can divide them in two parts one with “Ne/ ने ” format and another one is without that. You can use the “Ne/ने ” format with transitive verbs and you can't with intransitive verbs. Intransitive verbs do their action to the subject of the sentence. For example "I went." it is the subject "I' that "went”, not something else. For example:- Ravi was so hungry. रÍव बह ु त भूखा था। Here we are not adding after “Ravi” and we are adding “था” to make it past. Part 2: Examples Let us see some examples and you might need a verb list to understand them. Verb list for you: चलना=To walk होना=To be आना=To come शोना=To sleep कूदना=To jump जाना=To go Sentences : 1)Tarun brought a doll for his daughter. त³ण अपनी बेट| के Îलए एक गु Íड़या लाया. 2)I was at the office. म कायालय म था. 3)He was hungry. वह भूखा था. 4)They came at 5 PM. वे पाँ च बजे आया . 5)He is a good man. वह एक अ¯छा आदमी है . 6)Bikash didn't sleep well. Íबकाश अ¯छे से शोया नह| था 7)I was happy for you. म आपके Îलये खु श था 8)Lata's father was a good man. लता के Íपता एक अ¯छे आदमी थे . 9)Rahul was a good student in his childhood. राह ु ल उसके बचपन म एक अ¯छा Íव²ाथ| था. 10)He was so sad after the match. खेल के बाद वह बह ु त दु खी था . Part 3: Quiz Now it is your time to practice. I will tell you a sentence in Hindi and give you a little time to think of the answer before I tell you. Hindi -> English 1)वह एक अ¯छा आदमी नह|ं था । If you said "He was not a good man” you are correct. 2)राम बीमार था । If you said " Ram was ill " you are correct. 3)कमरा साफ था । If you said “The room was clean " you are correct. Now try to think of the Hindi translation for these English sentences: English ->Hindi 1. I convinced him to go out. If you said " म उसके बाहर जाने के Îलए राजी कर Îलया। " you are correct. 2. Everyone was angry. If you said “ सभी लोग गु 1से म थे । “ you are correct 3. I was happy with you. If you said " म आपके साथ खु श था। " you are correct Now you know how to make a sentence in past tense without the “Ne” format. Future Tense - भÍव*यतकाल भÍव*यतकाल भÍव*यतकाल भÍव*यतकाल (Bhavishyatkaal) September 8, 2009 20090908-FutureIndefinite.mp3 Bhavishyatkaal refers to an action that will happen in the future. There are two types of Bhavishyatkaal in Hindi. They are: 1. Future Indefinite - सामा7य भÍव*यतकाल (Samanya Bhavishyatkaal ) 2. Future Conditional or Doubtful - संभा¯य भÍव*यतकाल (Sambhavya Bhavishyatkaal) Future Indefinite - सामा7य भÍव*यतकाल सामा7य भÍव*यतकाल सामा7य भÍव*यतकाल सामा7य भÍव*यतकाल (Samanya Bhavishyatkaal) Samanya Bhavishyatkaal refers to a statement that a certain thing will happen. This Tense is formed by adding एगा (yegaa) for masculine singular, एगी (egee) for feminine singular, एँगी (engi) for feminine plural, एँगे (enge) for masculine plural, उँ गा (unga) for Ist person masculine, उं गी (ungi) for Ist person feminine, ओगे (oge) for Tum singular, and ओगी (ogi) for Tum feminine to the verb root. Sandy will come tomorrow. सडी कल शाम को आएगी Sandy kal shaam ko ayegi He will go back today night. वे आज रात को लौट जाएँगे Ve aaj raat ko laut jayenge Girls will dance लड़Íकयाँ नाच गी Ladkiyam nachengi I will also sing a song. म भी एक गीत गाऊँ गा/गाऊं गी Main bhi ek geet gaoonga/gaoongi Will you come with me? तुम मेरे साथ आओगे ? Tum mere saath aoge? We will go with you. हम तु+हारे साथ चल गे Hum tumhare saath chalenge What will they do ? वे 4या कर गे? Ve kya karenge? When will she come ? वह कब आएगी? Vah kab aayegi? Will the king do such a thing ? राजा ऐसा करे गा? Raja aisa karega? As long as I live, I will take care of you. म जब तक जीती रह ू ं गी, तु+हार| सेवा कFँ गी Main jab tak jiti rahoongi, tumhari seva karoongi There must be some reason for the delay. दे र| होने का कोई कारण तो होगा Deri hone ka koi karan to hoga He will be in the house. वह घर म होगा Vah ghar mein hoga Future Conditional or Doubtful - संभा¯य भÍव*यतकाल संभा¯य भÍव*यतकाल संभा¯य भÍव*यतकाल संभा¯य भÍव*यतकाल (Sambhavya Bhavishyatkaal) September 09, 2009 20090909-FutureConditional.mp3 It may express a condition, or a possibility, or a wish or an interrogation, or an order, a permission, a supposition or a doubt. This Tense is formed from the stem of the Verb, with the additional endings given using य (ya), ऐ(ai), ए (ye), or एँ (yem). e.g. जाय (jaay), जाएँ (jaayem), चले(chale), चल (chalem) How shall we do it? हम कै से करे ? Hum kaise kare? Shall I speak? म कह ू ँ? Main kahun? May God bless us! ईशवार हमार| रHा करे Eashwar hamari raksha kare May it rain today (wish) आज शायद पानी बरसे Aaj shayad paani barase When he arrives, let me know. जब वह आए तो मुझे खबर द jab vah aaye to mujhe khabar dem I do not wish that his progress be hindered. म नह|ं चाहता क| उसक| उ7नÎत ³ख़ जाये Main nahin chahata ki uski unnati rukh jaye If I get (it), I will give (it to you). Îमल तो म दू ँ Milen to main dun How can I leave you alone? हम तु+हे अकले कै से छोड़ द Hum tumhe akale kaise chod den I desire that my son may become illustrious. म चाहता ह ू ँ क| पु³ यश1वी हो Main chahta hoon ki putr yashasvi ho Let not Thomsun go home today! आज टॉ+सन घर ना जाए aaj Thomsun ghar na jaye Who knows when the doctor will come? कौन जाने डॉ4टर कब आएँगे? Kaun jane doctor kab aayenge? Tell Gopal to get a glass of water. गोपाल से कहो क| वह एक Îगलास पानी लाए Gopal se kaho ki vah ek gilas paani laye If they give me Rs.500, I shall do this work. अगर वे पाँच सौ ³पया द , तो म यह काम कFँ गा Agar ve paanch sau rupaya den, to main yah kaam karunga Noun – सं7ा सं7ा सं7ा सं7ा (Sanjna) - Part 1 September 10, 2009 20090910-Nouns-1.mp3 Noun is a word or words that refers to the name of a person, animal, place, quality, mood or thing. egs.:- राम (Ram), लड़का (boy), गुलाब (rose), घर (house), लंडन (London) Íहमालय (Himalayas), हॅसी (laughter), दया (compassion), etc. Generally there are three types of nouns in Hindi. They are: 1. Proper Noun - ¯यÍñवाचक सं7ा (vyaktivachak sanjna) 2. Common Noun – जाÎतवाचक सं7ा (jativachak sanjna) 3. Abstract Noun – भाववाचक सं7ा (bhavvachak sanjna) 1. Proper Noun - ¯यÍñवाचक सं7ा (vyaktivachak sanjna) A proper noun is a specific name of a place, a person, or a thing. ज7वर| (January), मेर| (Mary), Íबल (Bill), Îम1टर. ñाउन (Mr. Brown), आमज़ॉन (Amazon), नाइक| (Nike), थे 7यू यॉक टाइ+स (The New York Times), वॉर आं ड पीस (War and Peace), ]. वाइट (Dr. White) She comes from Russia. वह Fस से है Vah ruus se hai The Nile is the longest river नील नद| सबसे लंबी नद| है Neel nadi sabse lambi nadi hai Jack will go shopping tomorrow जैक कल खर|दार| के Îलए जाएगा Jack kal kharidari ke liye jayega Mr. Bill is a good teacher. ÷ी Íबल एक अ¯छे अ²यापक है Sree Bill ek achche adhyapak hai Hurricane Andrew did great damage in Miami. तूफान एं]यू Îमयामी म बह ु त नुकसान Íकया है Toofan Andrew Miami mein bahut nuksaan kiya hai When Michelle Obama came to New York City she went to Starbucks. जब Îमशेल ओबामा 7यू यॉक शहर आई, वह 1टारब44स गयी थी Jab Michelle Obama New York shahar aayi, vah Starbucks gayi thi Noun – सं7ा सं7ा सं7ा सं7ा (Sanjna) - part 2 September 11, 2009 20090911-Nouns-2.mp3 2) Common Noun – जाÎतवाचक सं7ा (jativachak sanjna) A common noun is a noun that refers to a common name of a person, thing or a place. Such as:- क ु ôा (dog), घर (house), त1वीर (picture), कं ¯यूटर (computer) Examples: The baby is crying. ब¯ची रो रह| है Bachchi ro rahi hai The red book is on the table. लाल Íकताब मेज पर है Lal kitaab mej par hai The black dog is in my yard. काला क ु ôा मे रे आंगन म है Kaala kutta mere angan mein hai The computers are new. कं ¯यूटर नए ह Computer naye hai Child comes. बालक आते ह Balak aate hai. Birds comes ÎचÍड़याँ आती ह chidiyam aati hai There are five chairs in the room. कमरे म पाँच क ु Îस याँ ह Kamre mein paanch kursiyam hai He took his children to the zoo वह अपने ब¯च| को ÎचÍड़या घर ले गया Vah apne bacchom ko chidiya ghar le gaya How many stories is that house? Íकतने मंिज़ल| का है वह घर? kitane manjilon ka hai vah ghar? I'd rather live in the city म बि~क शहर म रहना चाहता ह ू ँ Mein balki shahar mein rahana chahata hoon We arrived early at the station. हम 1टे शन पर ज~द| आ गये Hum station par jaldi aa gaye The woman in the restaurant lives in the city भोजनालय म जो औरत है , वह शहर म रहती है Bhojanalay mein jo aurat hai, vah shahar main rahati hai Hand me that radio so I can hear the song better मेरे हाथ म वो रे Íडयो दो, Mere hath main vo radio do, taki main gana achchi tarah suno ताÍक म गाना अ¯छ| तरह सुनू Children are innocent ब¯चे मासूम है Bachche masoom hai Noun – सं7ा सं7ा सं7ा सं7ा (Sanjna) - Noun 3 September 12, 2009 20090912-Nouns-3.mp3 3) Abstract Noun – भाववाचक सं7ा (bhavvachak sanjna) Abstract noun is something that can't be sensed by our five senses (smell, touch, hear, see or taste). They usually represent feeling, ideas and qualities. They can be countable or uncountable. ¯यार (love), घ ृ णा (hate), Íहं सा (violence), सं 1क ृ Îत (culture), 1वाद (taste) Abstract noun can be formed from: a. the name of a quality – गुण (Gun) egs:-अ¯छाई (goodness), सफे द| (whiteness), इमा7दार| (honesty), बहादु र| (bravery), etc b. action - कम (karm) egs:-9स7नता (pleasure), फै सला(judgement), खेल(play), लड़ाई (fight) c. state – अव1था (avastha) egs:- बचपन (childhood), गर|बी (poverty), युवाव1था (youth), ठं ड (cold) I. Collective Noun – समुदायावाचक सं7ा (Samudaayavachak sanjna) Collective nouns are nouns that refer to things or people as a unit. Examples: पÍरवार (family), पुÎलस (police), कHा (class), झुÞड (team), etc. II. Material Noun- 5ा¯यवाचक सं7ा (Dravyavachak sanjna) Nouns that refer to the names of a liquid or matter are classified under this category. egs:- सोना (gold), लोहा (iron), पानी (water) Usages: His anger knows no limits. उसके गु1से का कोई सीमा नह|ं है uske gusse ka koi seema nahin hai That crowd went wild. वह भीड़ जंगल| हो गया Vah bheed janglee ho gaya India has an interesting culture भारत क| सं1क ृ Îत Íदलच1प है Bharat ki sanskriti dilchasp hai Do you give charity? 4या तु म दान दे ते हो? Kya tum daan dete ho? He takes a lot of pride in his work. वह अपने काम पे बह ु त गव करता है Vah apne kaam pe bahut garv karta hai A flock of birds पÍHय| का झुंड pakshiyon ka jund My family is important to me. मेरा पÍरवार मे रे Îलए महcवपूण है Mera parivaar mere liye mahetvapoorn hai You shouldn't judge him on one achievement /failure / progress /success. तुम उसे एक उपलि«द/ असफलता/9गती/सफलता पर मत जजना Tum use ek upalabdi/ asaphalta/ pragati/saphalta par math jajana Honorifics or Addressing People - संबोधन संबोधन संबोधन संबोधन (Sambodhan) September 13, 2009 20090913-Honorifics-1.mp3 The way of addressing a person varies with the age and position. आप (Aap) is used for addressing elders, lesser known people and in formal instances. It is used for respectfully addressing a singular person, and as a second person plural pronoun. The most formal is "aap" and is the safest to use in all situations. It can be used in situations that range from deeply respectful to the merely businesslike. तू (Tu) and तुम (Tum) are used for addressing younger people and in informal and intimate instances. तुम (Tum) is slightly formal, in the sense, it is used addressing people of your age who may not be very close to you. तू (Tu) is highly informal and is used while addressing very close friends or someone of your age or younger to you or when there is utmost familiarity/friendship/intimacy. Examples: You listen (formal) आप सुÎनए Aap suniye You sit here(formal) आप यहाँ बैÍठए Aap yahan baitiye You listen (slightly informal) तुम सुनो Tum suno You sit here(slightly informal) तुम यहाँ बैठो Tum yahan baitho You listen (very informal) तू सुन Tu sun You sit here(very informal) तू यहाँ बैठ Tu yahan baith भैया (Bhaiya) or भाई साहब (Bhai sahab) actually means elder brother. But is also used to address a male member who is lesser known or unknown to you and may be slightly older. Likewise, द|द| (didi) or बहनजी (bahanji) is used to address an older female member who is lesser known or unknown. These honorifics are used by both male and female alike. Examples: Brother, can you move भैया, आप ज़रा हट गे? Bhaiya, aap jara hatenge? aside? Brother, Thank you very much! भाई साहब, आपका बह ु त सुÍHया! Bhai sahab, aapka bahut sukriya! Sister, did you see my child? द|द|, आपने मे रे ब¯चे को दे खा? Didi, aapne mere bachche ko dekha? जी (Ji) is suffixed after the name or position title for sufficiently older people or respectable persons. Baba, or Swami or Swamiji are honorifics denoting great respect, usually denoting spiritual mastery. Pandit/Panditji is an honorific title given to a scholar, a teacher, religion, music or philosophy. Guru/Guruji is widely used with the general meaning of teacher. It also refers to a person who has authority because of his or her perceived secular knowledge or skills. “Mahatma” means Great Soul. The term is also used to refer to liberated souls or professionals. “Sahib” is a term of respect, meaning Sir, master or lord. Sahiba is the authentic form address to be used for a female. Examples: Mahatma Gandhi, Gandhiji, Pandit Ravi Shankar, Swami Vivekananda , Khan Sahib, Rani Sahiba, Nair Sahab, Ramji, Laxmiji, and so on. Honorifics or Addressing People - संबोधन संबोधन संबोधन संबोधन (Sambodhan) September 14, 2009 20090914-Honorifics-2.mp3 Other honorifics: Miss क ु मार| Kumari Master क ु मार Kumar Mr. ÷ी/ ÷ीमान Shree/shri/shreeman Mrs. ÷ीमती Shreemati Uncle काका/चाचा Kakaa/Chaachaa Aunty काक|/चाची Kaakii/chaachii Olderly man दादा Dada Friend’s wife/elderly married lady of the same generation. भाभी Bhabhi Elderly lady of maternal side मौसी Mousi Elderly lady of paternal side बुआ Bua His Highness महाराजा Maharaja Her Highness महारानी Maharani Prince राजक ु मार/क ु अर Rajkumar/kuar Princess राजक ु मार| Rajkumari Sir महोदय Mahoday Madam महोदया Mahodaya Examples: Mr. Prasad 9साद जी Prasad ji Mrs. Clinton ÷ीमती ि4लं टन Sreemati Clinton Hey! अरे !/अजी! Are! /aji! You! रे ! Re! Hello to you! नम1ते जी ! Namaste ji Grandpa, respectful greetings! दादाजी, सादर 9णाम ! Dadaji saadar pranaam Panditji, when did you come? पंÍडतजी, आप कब आए? Panditji, aap kab aaye? Hey, when did you come ? अरे , तुम कब आए हो? Are, tum kab aaye ho? Uncle, please wait ! ममाजी, ज़रा ³Íकये ! Mamaji, jara rukiye! Madam, Please be seated. महोदया, क ृ पया बैठ जाइए Mahodaya, kripaya baith jayiye How do you do Sir? आप कै से है महोदय? Aap kaise hai mahoday? Lesson 1 September 15, 2009 20090915-Feelings-part1.mp3 Part 1: Explanation Often you will need to use a sentence about how you feel. For example:"I feel tired." "he is angry" .In this lesson we will learn how to express that a person feels , through several examples and it will also increase your Hindi stock of words. We can divide them in two parts one simple format and another is a question format. For example. I am angry. म नाराज़ ह ू ँ. म =I नाराज़=Angry ह ू ँ= Am (be verb) Part 2: Examples Let us see some examples . 1) I am hungry. म भू खा ह ू ँ । Or मुझे भूख लगी है । 2) My son is ill. मेरा बेटा बीमार है । 3) They are worried. वे Îचं Îतत ह। 4) The students are nervous. छा³ परे शान है । 5) The parents are happy for their son. माता Íपता अपने बेटे के Îलए खु श ह । 6) This man is angry about the damage to his car. यह आदमी अपनी कार के नुकसान के बारे म गु 1सा है । 7) He is ill. वह बीमार है । 8) Ratan is so hungry. रतन बह ु त भू खा हे . Or रतन को बह ु त भू ख लगी है । 9) Pradip is worried. 9द|प Îचं Îतत है । 10) I am angry with you. म आपसे / तुमसे नाराज़ ह ू ँ। 11) Hiten is so lonely. Íहतेन Íकतना अके ला है । 12) This is so funny. यह बह ु त ह| मज़ेदार है । 13) I don’t envy my colleagues. म अपने साÎथय|/ सहयोÎगय| को ई*या नह| करना ह ू । 14) I am surprised seeing your progress. म आपक| 9गÎत दे खकर आ°य / है रान ह ू ँ । 15) Ravi believes me. रÍव मुझे Íव+ास करता है । Part 3: Quiz Now it is your time to practice. I will tell you a sentence in Hindi and give you a little time to think of the answer before I tell you. Hindi -> English 1) मुझे ¯यास लगी है । If you said “I am thirsty” you are correct. 2) म उलझन म ह ू ँ । If you said “I am confused.” you are correct. 3) आपने/ तुमने मुझे खु श कर Íदया। If you said “You made me happy." you are correct. Now try to think of the Hindi translation for these English sentences: English ->Hindi 1) I am so happy for your success. If you said " म आप क| सफलता से बह ु त खु श ह ू ँ। " you are correct. 2) Her husband is a good man . If you said “उसका पÎत एक अ¯छा आदमी है । “ you are correct 3) I am really scared. If you said " म सच म डर गया ह ू ँ । " you are correct Now you know how to express what you feel in Hindi. Lesson 2 September 16, 2009 20090916-Feelings-part2.mp3 Part 1: Explanation Often you will need to ask somebody else that how is he feeling? .So today in this lesson we will learn how to form a question when you want to ask someone else that how does the person feel? For example. Are you angry? 4या आप नाराज़ ह ? 4या =To make it a question we add “4या” आप =You नाराज़ =Angry ह =are (be verb) Part 2: Examples Let us see some examples. 1) Am I hungry? 4या म भूखा ह ू ँ? Or 4या मुझे भू ख लगी है ? 2) Is your son ill? 4या आपका बेटा बीमार है ? 3) Are they worried? 4या वे Îचं Îतत ह? 4) Are the students nervous? 4या छा³ परे शान है ? 5) Are the parents happy for their son? 4या माता Íपता अपने बेटे के Îलए खु श ह ? 7) Is Sharada ill?. 4या शारदा बीमार है ? 8) Is Ratan hungry? 4या रतन भूखा है ? or, 4या रतन को भू ख लगी है ? 9) Is Pradip worried? 4या 9द|प Îचं Îतत ह ? 10) Are you angry with me?. 4या आप मुझसे नाराज़ ह ? 11) Is Hiten so lonely?. 4या Íहतेन बह ु त अके ला है ? 12) Is this so funny? 4या यह बह ु त ह| मज़ेदार है ? 13) Do you envy your colleagues? 4या आप अपने सहकÎम य| के ई*या करते ह ? 14) Were they surprised seeing your progress? 4या वे आपक| 9गÎत दे खकर आ°य है ? 15) Does Ravi believe me? 4या रÍव मुझे Íव+ास करता है ? Part 3: Quiz Now it is your time to practice. I will tell you a sentence in Hindi and give you a little time to think of the answer before I tell you. Hindi -> English 1. 4या आप को ¯यास लगी ह? If you said “Are you thirsty?” you are correct. 2) 4या आप उलझन म थे? If you said “Were you confused?” you are correct. 3) 4या तुम ने उसे खु श Íकया था? If you said “Did You make her happy?" you are correct. Now try to think of the Hindi translation for these English sentences: English ->Hindi 1) Was he happy for your success? If you said " 4या वह आप क| सफलता से खु श था?" you are correct. 2) Is her husband a good man? If you said “4या उसका पÎत एक अ¯छा आदमी है ? “ you are correct 3) Were you really scared? If you said " 4या आप सच म डर गये थे?" you are correct Now you know how to express what you feel in Hindi. Feelings - September 17, 2009 - 20090917-Feelings.mp3 TRANSLITERATION & TRANSLATION 1. म भ ू खा ह ू ँ. Main bhookha hoon. (I am hungry.) 2. वे तक गये ह. Vey thak gaye hain. (They are tired.) 3. वा लड़क| उदास है . Vah/Yah ladki udaas hai. (The girl is sad.) 4. यह लड़का ख ु श है . Vah/Yah ladka khush hai. (The boy is happy.) 5. वह ÎशHक नाराज़ है . Vah/Yah shikshak naraaz hai. (The teacher is angry.) 6. म ु झे च4कर आ रहे ह. Mujhe chakkar aa rahe hain. (I feel dizzy.) 7. उसे नींद आ रह| है . Usey neend aa rahee hai. (He is sleepy.) 8. 4या त ु म ¯यासे हो? Kya tumhe pyaas lagi hai? (Are you thirsty?) 9. त ु +ह गम| लग रह| है . Tumhe garmee lag rahi hai. (You are feeling hot.) 10. उसे सद| लग रह| है . Usey sardee lag rahee hai. (He/She is feeling cold.) 11. यह आदमी संत ु 8 है . Vah/Yah aadmee santusht hai. (The man is satisfied.) 12. इस औरत को शम आ रह| है . Us aurat ko sharm aa rahee hai. (The woman is feeling shy.) Lesson 1 September 18, 2009 20090918-WantToGo.mp3 Part 1: Explanation Often you will need to use a sentence about what you want. For example:"I want to go." "He wants to read" etc.In this lesson we will learn how to make these type of.For example. I want to go. म जाना चाहता ह ू ँ. म =I जाना =to go चाहता ह ू ँ = want + (be verb) Part 2: Examples Let us see some examples . 1) I want to eat now. म अब खाना चाहता ह ू ँ. 2) Rakesh wants to kill you. राके श तु+ह मारना चाहता है । 3) They want to play the game. वे खेल खेलना चाहते ह। 4) The students want to know it. छा³ जानना चाहते ह । 5) The parents always want to sacrifice for their children. माता Íपता हमेशा अपने ब¯च| के Îलए बÎलदान दे ना चाहते ह। 6) This man wants to go India. यह आदमी भारत जाना चाहता है । 7) Ayesha wants to lose weight आयशा वजन घटाना चाहती है । 8) Ratan wants to go to market. रतन बाज़ार जाना चाहता है । 9) Pradip wants to spend his holidays in India. 9द|प अपनी छु ͧयां भारत म Íबताना चाहता है । 10) I always want to adopt an orphane . म हमेशा एक अनाथ ब¯चे को अपनाना चाहता ह ू ँ । Part 3: Quiz Now it is your time to practice. I will tell you a sentence in Hindi and give you a little time to think of the answer before I tell you. Hindi -> English 1) म अपने जीवन म सफल होना चाहता ह ू ँ । If you said “I want to be successful in my life” you are correct. 2) आप दू सर| का ²यान आकÍष त करना चाहते ह । If you said “You want to get attention from others” you are correct. 3) Îनशा अपनी मौजूदा नौकर| छोड़ना चाहती है । If you said “Nisha wants to leave her current job." you are correct. Now try to think of the Hindi translation for these English sentences: English ->Hindi 1) She wants to be happy. If you said " वह खुश होना चाहती है । " you are correct. 2) Jatin wants to be in his office on time . If you said “जÎतन समय पर अपने कायालय म होना चाहता है । “ you are correct 3) Kajol wants to study. If you said " काजोल पड़ना चाहती है । " you are correct Now you know how to express what you feel in Hindi. Meena's Poem - Part 2 September 19, 2009 20090919-MeenaPoem-part2.mp3 सात समु5 पार करके आएगी हमार| ÍबÍटया रानी। उसे दे खकर हम चकाचlध हो जाएँगे । वह| चेहरा, मुसकान और ¯यार दे खकर हम 9फु Îलत हो जाएँगे । Îमलकर गले साल क| ¯यास बुझाएँगे । 1) सात समु5 पार करके saat samudr paar karke Having crossed the seven seas सात (saat) - seven समु5 (samudr) - seas पार करके (paar karke) - having crossed 2) आएगी हमार| ÍबÍटया रानी। aaegii hamaarii biTiyaa raanii Our queen daughter will come आएगी aaegii - will come (feminine subject) हमार| hamaarii - ours (agrees with a feminine noun) ÍबÍटया biTiyaa - daughter (same as बेट|) रानी raanii - queen 3) उसे दे खकर हम चकाचlध हो जाएँगे। We will get surprised after seeing her. उसे use - her दे खकर dakhkar - seeing (look at) हम ham - we चकाचlध हो जाएँगे chakaachoundh ho jaenge - to get surprised 4) वह| चेहरा, मुसकान और ¯यार same smiling and loving face वह| vahii - same चेहरा chehraa - face मुसकान muskaan - smile और aur - and ¯यार pyaar - love 5) दे खकर हम 9फु Îलत हो जाएँगे । Seeing [her], we get over joyed. 9फु Îलत हो जाएँगे get over joyed. 6) Îमलकर गले साल क| ¯यास बुझाएँगे । by embracing [her] we will quench our thirst of years. Îमलकर गले milkar gale - embracing साल क| saal kii - of years ¯यास बुझाएँगे pyaas bujhaenge - will quench thirst Having crossed the seven seas Our queen daughter will come We will get surprised after seeing her. same smiling and loving face Seeing [her], we get over joyed. by embracing [her] we will quench our thirst of years. Gender - Îलं ग (Ling) September 20, 2009 20090920-Gender.mp3 All nouns in Hindi are divided into one of two grammatical types, called genders. These genders are masculine- पुि~लंग and feminine- Uी Îलं ग. Nouns often modify other words in the sentence according to their gender. All male living beings are masculine. All female living beings are feminine. In the case of names of inanimate things and abstract, collective and material nouns, gender is determined mainly by usage. Masculine gender- पुि~लंग पुि~लंग पुि~लंग पुि~लंग Feminine gender- Uी Îलं ग Uी Îलं ग Uी Îलं ग Uी Îलं ग ladka (लड़का) boy ladki (लड़क|) girl aadmi(आदमी) man aurat (औरत) woman pita(Íपता) father mata(माता ) mother beta(बेटा) son beti (बेट|) daughter bachcha(ब¯चा) boy baby bachchi(ब¯ची) girl baby bhai (भाई) brother bahan(बहन) sister adhyapak(अ²यापक) male teacher adhyapika(अ²याÍपका) female teacher raja (राजा) king rani (रानी) queen pota (पोता) grand- son poti (पोती) grand- daughter dada (दादा) paternal grandfather dadi (दाद|) paternal grandmother nana (नाना ) maternal grandfather nani (नानी ) maternal grandmother hathi (हाथी) male elephant hathini (हÎथनी) female elephant Sher(शेर) lion Sherni(शेरनी ) lioness nar maina(नर मैना) male maina mada maina (मादा मैना) female maina nar kaua(नर कौआ) male crow mada kaua(मादा कौआ) female crow Common Words - part 1 September 21, 2009 20090921-CommonWords-Part1.mp3 English Hindi Transliteration House घर Ghar Television/TV दू रदश न Doordharshan Picture Îच³/ त1वीर Chitr/tasveer Paper कागज Kaagaz Pen कलम Kalam Pencil प Îसल Pencil Bedroom शयनकH shayan-kaksh Kitchen रसोईघर Rasoi-ghar Bathroom 1नान-घर Snaan-ghar Sleep Îन5ा/ सोना Nidra/sona Radio बेतार का तार Betaar ka taar Mobile चल chal Clock घड़ी Ghadi Watch घड़ी Ghadi Clothes कपड़ा/ पोशाक Kapada/poshaak Stove चू~हा Chulha Glass Îगलास Gilaas Letter Îच§ी Chitti Book Íकताब/ पु1तक Kitaab/Pustak Hospital अ1पताल Aspataal Church Îगरजाघर Girija-ghar Shower बौछार Bouchaar Soap साबुन Sabun New नया Naya Heat गम| Garmi Snow बफ़ Barf Weak दु बल Durbal Light हलका उजाला Halka Ujala Dark अंधकार Andkaar Feelings अनुभव/ बोध Anubhav/Bodh Happy खुश Kush Angry Hु @ Krodh Hate घ ृ णा Ghrna Love ¯यार Pyar Sad उदास Udaas Tired थकना Thakna Cry रोना rona Sick बीमार Bimaar Common Words - Part 2 September 22, 2009 20090922-CommonWords-Part2.mp3 English Hindi Transliteration Food खाना Khana Cheese पनीर Paneer Eggs अंडे Ande Vegetables स«ज़ी Sabji Snacks ना°ता Nasta Bread रोट| Roti Candy क7द/ खांड Kand/Cand Warm गम Garm Cold ठं डा Tanda Rage रोष Rosh Smile मु 1क ु राहट Muskuraahat Fear डर Dar Truth सचाई/ सcय Sachayi/Satya Hungry भूखा Bukha Thirsty ¯यासा Pyasa Lonely अके ला Akela Believe Íव+ास करना Vishwas karna Old पुराना Purana Elderly अधेड़/ बूढ़ा सा Aded/Buda sa Hard सEत/ कÍठन Sakth/Katin Soft कोमल/ नम Komal/Narm Head Îसर sir Eyes आंख Ankem Ear कान Kaan Nose नाक Naak Teeth दांत Danth Hand हाथ Haath Finger उं गल| anguli Heart Íदल Dil See दे खना Dekhna Sea समु5 Samudra Flower फू ल Phool Bird ÎचÍड़या Chidiya Snake साँप Samp Tree पेड़ Ped Rain बाÍरश Baarish Dog क ु ôा Kutta Cat Íब~ल| Billi Sky आसमान asmaan Sun सूरज Suraj Fake नकल| Nakali Dream 1व¯न Swapana Mistake गलती Galti Nightmare क ु 1व¯न Kuswapan Long ल+बा Lamba Small छोटा Chota Liar झूठा Jootta Meena's Poem - Part 3 September 23, 2009 20090923-MeenaPoem-Part3.mp3 Soni S – sweet - मीठ| O – Obedient आ7ाकार| N – Noble महान् I – Intelligent Îनपुण, बुÍ@मान तु+हारा नाम ह| है सोनी, जो मीठ|, आ7ाकार|, महान् और बुÍ@मान बनकर अपने उ£े°य म होना सफल। 1) तु+हारा नाम ह| है सोनी, जो मीठ|, tumhaaraa naam hii hai sonii, jo miiTHii Your name is Soni which is sweet तु+हारा tumhaaraa - your नाम naam - name ह| hii - (emphasizes the word before it. In this case, "your very name") है hai - is सोनी Sonii (name of a girl) जो joo - that मीठ| miiTHii - sweet 2) आ7ाकार|, महान् और बुÍ@मान aagyaakaarii, mahaan aur buddhimaan obedient, noble and intelligent आ7ाकार| aagyaakaarii - obedient महान् mahaan - noble और aur -and बुÍ@मान buddhimaan - intelligent 3) बनकर अपने उ£े°य म होना सफल। bankar apne uddeshya mein honaa saphal You will become successful in your goal. बनकर bankar - to be अपने apne - your own उ£े°य uddeshya - goal (or aim) म mein - in होना सफल honaa saphal - to be successful S – sweet O – Obedient N – Noble I – Intelligent Your name is Soni which is sweet obedient, noble and intelligent You will become successful in your goal. Gender - Part 2 - Rules about Masculine Nouns September 24, 2009 20090924-Gender-part2.mp3 Rules for masculine gender – पुि~लंग पुि~लंग पुि~लंग पुि~लंग : :: :- -- - 1. All nouns ending in आ (aa), except those originated from Sanskrit will be masculine. e.gs.-cloth- कपड़ा (kapada), shoe- जूता (juta),umbrella- छाता (chata), money – पैसा (paisa), and so on. Exception- Words ending in इया (iya) are feminine. e.gs- लुÍटया (lutiya), case/box- ÍडÍबया(dibiya), etc 2. The names of metals, planets, stars, trees, mountains, precious stones, months, days, oceans, countries, cities, places and grains are masculine. Exception:-silver- चाँद| (chandi), Earth- प ृ ³वी (prithvi), tamarind- इमल| (imali), Delhi- Íद~ल| (dilli), green gram- मूँग (moong), red gram- अरहर (arhar), etc. 3. Almost all the liquids are masculine. Exception:- ल1सी (lassi), छाछ (chacha) 4. Nouns originated from verbs are masculine. e.gs.- walk-चलना (chalna), play-खेलना (khelna), run-दौड़ना (daudna), etc. 5. Almost all nouns ending with अ (a) are masculine. e.gs.- house- घर (ghar), water- जल (jal), tree- पेड़ (ped), earth/land- थल (thal), moment-पल(pal), wealth- धन (dhan) Exception:-night- रात (raat), evening- शाम (shaam), matter- बात(baat), etc. 6. Nouns originated from Urdu, ending in आब (aab), आन (aan), आल (aal), and आर (aar) are masculine. e.gs.-rose- गुलाब (gulab), answer- जवाब (jawab), account/calculation-Íहसाब (hisaab), a type grilled meat dish- कबाब (kabab), house/residence-मकान (makaan), market-बाज़ार (bazaar), question-सवाल (sawaal), and so on. Exception:-book- Íकताब (kitaab),liquor/alcoholic drink- शराब (sharaab),shop- दु कान (dukaan), government/state-सरकार (sarkar),etc. 7. Words originated from Sanskrit and ending in ता (ta), ³ (tra), आस (aas), आप (aap), आर (aar), and न (na) are masculine. e.gs.- song-गीत (geet), friend-Îम³ (mitr), heat-ताप (taap), degeneration- Íवकार (vikar), promise-वचन (vachan), etc. Aap Hain Sentences September 25, 2009 20090925-AapHain.mp3 आप आप आप आप - -- - ह ह ह ह ( (( (aap- haim) sentences In present tense, all the sentences starting with आप (Aap) ends in ह (haim), irrespective of the gender of the noun or the pronoun. English Hindi Transliteration You are a teacher. आप एक अ²यापक ह Aap ek adhyapak haim You are a doctor. आप एक डा4टर ह Aap ek dactar haim You are Mr. Alfred. आप ÷ी अ~9े ड ह Aap Shree Alfred haim You are Mrs. Angelina. आप ÷ीमती आंजेल|ना ह Aap Shreemati Angelina haim Do you know Mr. Kabir? 4या आप ÷ी कबीर को जानते ह ? Kya aap Shree Kabir ko jante haim? How old are you? आप क| आयु Íकतनी ह ? Aap ki aayu kitani haim? How are you? आप कै से ह? Aap kaise haim? You are learning Hindi. आप Íह7द| सीख रहे ह Aap Hindi seekh rahe haim Where do you live? आप कहाँ रहते ह? Aap kahan rahte haim? Where is your home? आप का घर कहाँ ह ? Aap ka ghar kahan haim? How many children do you have? आपके Íकतने ब¯चे ह ? Aapke kitane bachche haim? हम हम हम हम - -- - ह ह ह ह ( (( (Hum- haim) sentences All sentences starting with हम (Hum) ends in ह(haim) in present tense. English Hindi Transliteration We are women. हम औरत ह Hum auratem haim We learn Hindi. हम Íह7द| सीखते ह Hum Hindi seekhte haim We don’t eat meat. हम मांस नह|ं खाते ह Hum mans nahin khate haim We generally eat bread. हम अ4सर रोट| खाते ह Hum aksar roti khate haim We get up at 6’o clock everyday. हम रोज़ छः बजे उठते ह Hum roz chah baje uthathe haim Relations September 26, 2009 20090926-Relations.mp3 Hindi Terms for Relations English Hindi Transliteration Mother माता/मा Mata/Ma Father Íपता Pita Wife पõी Patni Husband पÎत Pati Son बेटा/पु³ Beta/Putr Daughter बेट|/पु³ी Beti/Putri Paternal Uncle चाचा Chacha Paternal Aunt चाची Chachi Brother भाई Bhai Sister बहन Bahan Elder Sister-in-law जेठानी Jethani Younger Sister-in-law दे वरानी Devrani Brother-in-law (Elder) जेठ Jeth Brother-in-law (Younger) दे वर Devar Son-in law दामाद Daamad Daughter-in-law बह ू Bahu Nephew बतीजा/भांजा Bateeja/Bhanja Niece बतीजी/भांजी Bateeji/Bhanji Maternal Uncle मामा Mama Maternal Aunt मामी Mami Mother’s sister मौसी Mousi Father-in-law ससुर Sasur Mother-in-law सास Saas Paternal Grandfather दादा Dada Paternal Grandmother दाद| Dadi Maternal Grandfather नाना Nana Maternal Grandmother नानी Nani Customer 0ाहक Grahak Tenant Íकराये दार Kirayedaar Landlord मकान माÎलक Makhan malik Host मेज़बान Mezbaan Guest अÎतÎथ/मेहमान Atithi/Mehmaan Friend दो1त Dost Meena's Poem - Part 4 September 27, 2009 20090927-MeenaPoem-Part4 यह माँ-बाप क| अÎभलाषा है । उसे पूण करना तु+हारा कत ¯य है तभी होगा तु+हारा नाम संसार म । यह| धन-दौलत हम तु+ह दे सकते ह, िजसे कोई चुरा नह|ं सकता। 1) यह माँ-बाप क| अÎभलाषा है । yah maan-baah kii abhilaashaa hai This is the hope of your parents. यह yah - this माँ-बाप maan-baap - parents क| kii - of अÎभलाषा abhilashaa - hope है hai - is 2) उसे पूण करना तु+हारा कत ¯य है use puurn karnaa tumhaaraa kartavya hai It is your duty to fulfill them. उसे - those/them पूण - complete (or fulfill) करना - to do (e.g. to do the completing) तु+हारा - your कत ¯य - duty (obligation) 3)तभी होगा तु+हारा नाम संसार म । tabhii hogaa tumhaaraa naam sansaar mein Then your name will be in the world तभी - then होगा - will be तु+हारा नाम - your name संसार - world म - in 4)यह| धन-दौलत हम तु+ह दे सकते ह, yahii dhan-doulat ham tamhen de sakte hain This very money we can give to you. यह| - this very धन-दौलत - money-money (implied for education) हम - we तु+ह - to you दे सकते ह - can give 5)िजसे कोई चुरा नह|ं सकता। jise koii chujraa nauhiin saktaa Which no one can steal. िजसे - which कोई - nobody चुरा नह|ं सकता - can not steal This is the hope of your parents. It is your duty to fulfill them. Then your name will be in the world This very money we can give to you. Which no one can steal. I can, I wish to, I should September 28, 2009 20090928-ICan.mp3 Usage of verbs like dance, sing or run in hindi 1. He/She can dance/sing/run. Wah naach/gaa/ daud saktaa/saktee hai. 2. I cannot dance/sing/run. Main naach/gaa/ daud naheen saktaa/saktee. 3. He/She should dance/sing/run. Usey naachnaa/ gaanaa/ daudnaa chahiye. 4. He/She should not dance/sing/run. Usey naachnaa/ gaanaa/ daudnaa naheen chahiye. 5. I wish to dance/sing/run. Main naachnaa/ gaanaa/ daudnaa chaahtaa/chaahtee hoon. 6. He/She does not wish to dance/sing/run. wah naachnaa/ gaanaa/ daudnaa naheen chaahtaa/chaahtee. 7. I know how to dance/sing/run. Mujhey naachnaa/ gaanaa/ daudnaa aataa hai. 8. He/She does not know how to dance/sing/run. Usey naachnaa/ gaanaa/ daudnaa naheen aataa hai. 9. He/She likes to dance/sing/run. Usey naachnaa/ gaanaa/ daudnaa achchha lagtaa hai. 10. I do not like to dance/sing/run. Mujhey naachnaa/ gaanaa/ daudnaa achchhaa naheen lagtaa. I am... September 29, 2009 20090929-IAm.mp3 म म म म- -- -ह ू ँ ह ू ँ ह ू ँ ह ू ँ ( (( (Main-Hoon) sentences In Hindi, all the sentences starting with म (main) ends in ह ू ँ (hoon), irrespective of the gender of the noun or the pronoun in present tense. English Hindi Transliteration I am a boy. म लड़का ह ू ँ | Main ladka hoon I am a girl. म लड़क| ह ू ँ | Main ladki hoon I am Ram. म राम ह ू ँ | Main Ram hoon I am Sunitha. म सुनीता ह ू ँ | Main Sunitha hoon I am a teacher. (mas.) म अ²यापक ह ू ँ | Main adhyapak hoon I am a teacher. (fem.) म अ²याÍपका ह ू ँ | Main adhyapika hoon I am a student. म Íवq याथ| ह ू ँ | Main vidhyarthi hoon I am a shopkeeper. म दु कानदार ह ू ँ | Main dukaandaar hoon I am alright. म ठ|क ह ू ँ | Main teek hoon I come by car. म गाड़ी म आता ह ू ँ | Main gaadi main aata hoon I live in Texas. म टे 4सस म रहता ह ू ँ | Main Texas mein rahta hoon I know Mathews. म मॅcयूस को जानता ह ू ँ | Main Mathews ko jaanta hoon I am 20 years old. म बीस साल का ह ू ँ | Main bees saal ka hoon I am going to market. म बाज़ार जा रह| ह ू ँ | Main bazaar ja rahi hoon. I learn Hindi. म Íह7द| सीखता ह ू ँ | Main Hindi seektha hoon I sometimes go there with him. म कभी-कभी उनके साथ वहाँ जाता ह ू ँ | Main kabhi-kabhi unke saath vahan jata hoon I stay with Rajesh. म राजेश के साथ रहता ह ू ँ | Main Rajesh ke saath rahta hoon I see him everyday. म उनको रोज़ दे खता ह ू ँ | Main unko roz dekhta hoon I want to learn Hindi. म Íह7द| सीखना चाहता ह ू ँ | Main Hindi seekhna chahta hoon I am eating bread. म रोट| खा रहा/रह| ह ू ँ | Main roti kha raha/rahi hoon Tum Ho September 30, 2009 20090930-TumHo.mp3 तुम तुम तुम तुम- -- -हो हो हो हो ( (( (Tum-Ho) sentences In Hindi, all the sentences starting with तुम (Tum) ends in हो (ho), irrespective of the gender of the noun or the pronoun in present tense. English Hindi Transliteration You are a boy. तुम लड़का हो | Tum ladka ho You are a girl. तुम लड़क| हो | Tum ladki ho You are Ram. तुम राम हो | Tum Ram ho You are Sunitha. तुम सुनीता हो | Tum Sunitha ho You are a teacher. (mas.) तुम अ²यापक हो | Tum adhyapak ho You are a teacher. (fem.) तुम अ²याÍपका हो | Tum adhyapika ho You are a student. तुम Íव²ाथ| हो | Tum vidyaarthi ho You are a shopkeeper. तुम दु कानदार हो | Tum dukaandaar ho You are alright. तुम ठ|क हो | Tum theek ho Are you alright? 4या तु म ठ|क हो? Kya tum teek ho? You come by car. तुम गाड़ी म आते हो | Tum gaadi main aate ho You live in Texas. तुम टे 4सस म रहते हो | Tum Texas mein rahte ho You know Mathews. तुम मॅcयूस को जानते हो| Tum Mathews ko jaante ho You are 20 years old. तुम बीस साल के हो | Tum bees saal ke ho You are going to market. तुम बाज़ार जा रहे हो | Tum bazaar ja rahe ho You learn Hindi. तुम Íह7द| सीकते हो | Tum Hindi seekthe ho You sometimes go there with him. तुम कभी-कभी उनके साथ वहाँ जाते हो | Tum kabhi-kabhi unke saath vahan jate ho You stay with Amy. तुम एमी के साथ रहती हो | Tum Amy ke saath rahti ho You see him everyday. तुम उनको रोज़ दे खते हो | Tum unko roz dekhte ho You want to learn Hindi. तुम Íह7द| सीखना चाहते/ चाहती हो | Tum Hindi seekhna chahte/chahti ho You are eating bread. तुम रोट| खा रहे /रह| हो | Tum roti kha rahe/rahi ho