Indo Aryan Style of Temple ArchitectureDEVAKI AMMA'S GURUVAYURAPPAN COLLEGE OF ARCHITECUTRE Batch……………………….S1S2(2012-2017) Subject…………………….History of Architecture / Module 4 Staff in charge …………..Ar. Rinny Prem October 2012 2 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Classification 3. Illustrations 4. Features : 1. Plan 2. Deuls 3. Garbha Griha 4. RekhaDeul 5. Shikhara 6. Jagmohan 7. Parts of temple 8. Natmandir,Bhogmandir 9. Characteristics. Indo Aryan Style / Slide Contents [DGCOAR/S1S2(2012-2017)/HOA/Module 4] South Hindu Style – Dravidian Style (625 AD to present) Indo Aryan Style / Introduction [DGCOAR/S1S2(2012-2017)/HOA/Module 4] . Central Hindu Style – Deccan or Vesara Style (450 to 750 AD. 1000 AD to present day ) 3. 3 Architecture of Indian temples The Architecture of Indian temples in general are divided into three categories based on their geographical location and peculiar features: 1. Northern Hindu Style.Nagara or Indo Aryan style of Architecture (600 AD to present) 2. 4 Indo Aryan Style Vesara Style Dravidian Style Indo Aryan Style / Introduction [DGCOAR/S1S2(2012-2017)/HOA/Module 4] . 5 Classifications of Indo Aryan Style 1. Orissan style 2. Temples Cities of Jains Indo Aryan Style / Classification [DGCOAR/S1S2(2012-2017)/HOA/Module 4] . Rajputana And Central India 4. Gujarat and West 5. Khajuraho Group 3. Gwalior and Brindaban 7. Deccan 6. Bhuvabeshwar Orissan Style Kandariya Mahadeva Temple. Khajuraho Khajuraho Style Indo Aryan Style / Examples [DGCOAR/S1S2(2012-2017)/HOA/Module 4] .Examples… 6 Lingaraja Temple. Modhera 7 Jain : Dilwara Jain Temple. Abu. Mt. Rajasthan Indo Aryan Style / Examples [DGCOAR/S1S2(2012-2017)/HOA/Module 4] .Rajputana Style Gujarat : Sun Temple. 8 Indo Aryan Style : Introduction • The movement began in Orissa. • The style reached its peak of excellence in the 10th and 11th centuries.D. Indo Aryan Style / Introduction [DGCOAR/S1S2(2012-2017)/HOA/Module 4] . • Stretches from roughly 650 A. to 1200 A.D.. the most basic. The typical plan of the temple is square. used by hindus. 9 Indo Aryan Style : Features The Plan In general. all these temples follow a common structural plan. rational and elementary of all geometric forms. Entry Bhog Garbha Nat mandir Jagmohan mandir griha Indo Aryan Style / Features / Plan [DGCOAR/S1S2(2012-2017)/HOA/Module 4] . Developed into a Latin cross plan later on with the addition of auxillary structures. 10 A typical temple consists of two main apartments or Deuls : (1) The Garbha Griha or Rekha Deul (2) The Jagmohan or Pida Deul Indo Aryan Style / Features / Deuls [DGCOAR/S1S2(2012-2017)/HOA/Module 4] . 11 REKHA DUEL PIDA DUEL Indo Aryan Style / Deuls [DGCOAR/S1S2(2012-2017)/HOA/Module 4] . Indo Aryan Style / Features / GarbhaGriha [DGCOAR/S1S2(2012-2017)/HOA/Module 4] . 12 The Garbha griha • The Garbha Griha is the cubical inner apartment. • The diety is placed in the garbha griha of Rekha Deul. • Over this rises the spire or Sikhara (Urusringa) or Vimana or Tower. symbolising the jar of nectar. 2 •Over the chappra. 3 •The hindus regarded the temple as th body of cosmic Man (Purusha). 1 Indo Aryan Style / Features / Rekha Deul [DGCOAR/S1S2(2012-2017)/HOA/Module 4] . is a large melon shaped feature called ‘amala’(cap stone) crowned with kalasa (head) – called ‘Amrit Kalasa’. 13 The Rekha Deul •The main temple is called as Rekha deul because of its emphasis on vertical lines. •So the lower upright part of the main deul is known as ‘bada’ (feet) and the upper tapering part is known as ‘chappra’ (trunk). 14 The Shikhara • Also called Vimana or tower. Indo Aryan Style / Features / Shikhara [DGCOAR/S1S2(2012-2017)/HOA/Module 4] . • The highest point of the Shikhara is placed directly over the diety. (Urushringas) giving a fountain like appearance. • Looks like a series of hills. • Decorative horizontal and vertical lines. • Smaller reproduction of shikharas. • The entire tower which is curvilinear in shape is called the Shikhara. • Bee hive shaped. known as jag mohan (one which pleases the world). 15 Jagmohan • The temple is approached by an assembly hall. • The jag mohan is also called Pida Deul since it is composed of Pidas. • Is usually square-shaped and has a pyramidal roof. Indo Aryan Style / Features / Jagmohan [DGCOAR/S1S2(2012-2017)/HOA/Module 4] . With this. the temple is now the abode of god as manifested in human shape. Indo Aryan Style / Features / Jagmohan [DGCOAR/S1S2(2012-2017)/HOA/Module 4] . 16 Similar to the rekha Duel. the Jag mohan has the lower upright part – the bada and upper tapering part ‘pida’ in the form of a terraced pyramid which is crowned with ‘Ghanta Kalasa. 17 Indo Aryan Style / Features / Parts of Temple [DGCOAR/S1S2(2012-2017)/HOA/Module 4] . Bhog Mandir • Apart from the main deuls. Indo Aryan Style / Features / Natmandir. • But these. are almost without exception superimposed on top of the original plan. due to religious rites. other buildings were added in front.ie offering hall in the front. where they exist. such as ‘Bhog Mandir’. Bhogmandir [DGCOAR/S1S2(2012-2017)/HOA/Module 4] . in one axial line. 18 Natmandir. and followed by ‘Nat Mandir’ or Dancing Hall. only corbelling. but exterior walls are profusely ornamented.featureless. • No true arch. • The interior is plain . 19 Characters • Trabeated style of construction • The main temple rests on high platform. • Square Plan • Adisthana – High plinth with number of steps leading to the temple • Ardhaamandapa – entrance • Mandap – or Jagmohan with pyramidal roof • Antrala – joins mandapa to sanctum • Garbha griha – houses the diety • Parabolic profile • Amalaka cushion like element • Decorative horizontal and vertical lines • Pillars are notable for their absence. Indo Aryan Style / Characters [DGCOAR/S1S2(2012-2017)/HOA/Module 4] . 20 Characters • Trabeated style of construction • The main temple rests on high platform. • Adisthana – High plinth with number of steps leading to the temple • Ardhaamandapa – entrance • Mandap – or Jagmohan with pyramidal roof • Antrala – joins mandapa to sanctum • Garbha griha – houses the diety • Parabolic profile • Amalaka cushion like element • Decorative horizontal and vertical lines • Pillars are notable for their absence. but exterior walls are profusely ornamented.featureless. • The interior is plain . • No true arch. Indo Aryan Style / Characters [DGCOAR/S1S2(2012-2017)/HOA/Module 4] . only corbelling. • The interior is plain . • Adisthana – High plinth with number of steps leading to the temple • Ardhaamandapa – entrance • Mandap – or Jagmohan with pyramidal roof • Antrala – joins mandapa to sanctum • Garbha griha – houses the diety • Parabolic profile • Amalaka cushion like element • Decorative horizontal and vertical lines • Pillars are notable for their absence. only corbelling. 21 Characters • Trabeated style of construction • The main temple rests on high platform. Indo Aryan Style / Characters [DGCOAR/S1S2(2012-2017)/HOA/Module 4] .featureless. • No true arch. but exterior walls are profusely ornamented. org Indo Aryan Style / Bibliography [DGCOAR/S1S2(2012-2017)/HOA/Module 4] .travelblog.culturopedia.com en.org www. 22 Bibliography • The great ages of World Architecture – G.K. Hiraskar • Buddhist and hindu Architecture in India – Satish Grover • Internet: www.wikipedia.