BITUMINOUS LAYERSProperties of Bitumen Introduction Aggregate (Natural) etc. : Ignious – Charnite, Oranite : Metamorphic - Sihist, Gneas – Dindigul, Ramnad, : Sedimental stone (Artificial) : Blast Furnace Slag, Synopal, Broken Cube, Brick Jelly Binders - Laterite, Lime stone, Kenkar, Koral : BITUMEN Process: Fractional distillation In the order of decreasing volatility Gasoline Kerosene Diesel Light Lube Oil Heavy Lube Oil TAR Destructive distillation Dehydrated Coal Tar Light Oil Carbolic Oil Napthelene Oil Wash Oil That is why overheating of tar is prohibited. Has some volatile oils which evaporate by exposure. leaving the tar brittle and friable. (British Name) – Fractional distillation ASPHALT which by : A mixture of bitumen and mineral matter may occur in natural deposits or be produced artificial means. (American Name) TAR from : Is the by product in the manufacture of gas coal. .Introduction BITUMEN : Is the by product of the distillation or evaporation of CRUDE PETROLEUM either by natural process or in a refinery and is the basic constituent of asphalt. Resulting initially from the destructive distillation of COAL which has been so refined as to be suitable for road work. Grades of Bitumen 1) 10/20 – S15 (Grade based on Penetration value) for Mastic Asphalt 2) 30/40 – S35 (Grade based on Penetration value) 3) 60/70 – S65 (Grade based on Penetration value) 4) 80/100 – S90 (Grade based on Penetration value) 5) Modified Bitumen CRMB 50. CRMB 60 (Grade based on Softening Point) (Crump Rubber Modified Bitumen) Physical Constituents of Bitumen: 1) Asphaltic (Solid state) 2) Maltene (Semi solid state) 3) Volatile oil (Liquid state) . CRMB55. 99 0.2 6 Viscosity at 60°C. min 50 75 Other grades of bitumen are S15.Properties of Bitumen Sl.99 0. Properties IS: 73 – 1992 Grade of Bitumen S 35 S 65 S 90 1 Penetration at 25°C. cm. min 0. S200 75 Here S refers to Paving Bitumen Type 1.2 0. S45. °C. A55.99 4 Flash point. No.2 0. 1/10mm 30-40 60-70 80-100 2 Softening point. poises 2500±500 1000±200 500±100 7 Ductility at 27°C. . percent by mass. which has low wax content. S55. Similarly Paving Bitumen Type 2 are A35. max 0. °C 50-65 40-55 35-50 3 Specific gravity at 27°C. min 175 175 175 5 Water. A65 & A90 where A refers to Paving Bitumen having high wax content. Tests on bitumen and aggregate . %.1 of IRC: SP 53-2002 . Separation. ºC.1992) Penetration at 25ºC. Maximum Appendix – 1 of IRC: SP 53-2002 IS: 1206 – 1978 Appendix – 2 of IRC: SP 53-2002 Thin FilmOven Test (TFOT) on Residue (IS: 9382 . ºC. %.1978 Elastic Recovery of Half Thread in Ductilometer at 15ºC.1mm. R&B. ºC (R&B). ºC (R&B). COC. Minimum 35 35 35 Appendix . 100g. 220 220 220 4 4 4 Penetration at 25ºC. 5 Sec. Minimum 50 50 50 Flash Point. Diffrence in Softening Point. Minimum % of Original 60 60 60 IS: 1203 – 1978 Increase in Softening Point.. Min.1978 Softening Point.175ºC in insulated tankers with suitable agitating devices or in packed drums. Minimum 7 6 5 IS: 1205 – 1978 Elastic Recovery of Half Thread in Ductilometer at 25ºC. 0.1mm. bags or boxes.Properties of Modified Bitumen Table 5 of IRC: SP 53-2002 (CRMB) To be Supplied hot at 125ºC . 0. Minimum 50 55 60 IS: 1205 . CRMB Grade and Requirements Designation Method of Test CRMB 50 CRMB 55 CRMB 60 < 70 < 60 < 50 IS: 1203 . 5 Sec. 100g. Overlapping on successive passes by at least one-third of the width of the rear roll or in the case of a pneumatic-tyred roller. . Initial rolling shall be done with 8-10 tonnes dead weight smooth-wheeled rollers. Moving speed shall be not more than 5 km per hour.Effect of Temperature Table: 500-5 of MoRT&H Manufacturing and Rolling Temperatures Bitumen Bitumen Mixing Aggregate Mixing Mixed Material Rolling (ºC) Penetration (ºC) (ºC) (ºC) Laying (ºC) 35 160 .170 165 Maximum 90 Minimum 125 Minimum 90 140 . at least the nominal width of 300mm.6 kg/sqcm.160 140 . Laying of bituminous mixtures shall not be carried out when the air temperature at the surface on which it is to be laid is below 10ºC or when the wind speed at any temperature exceeds 40 km/h at 2m height unless specifically approved by the Engineer. with a tyre pressure of at least 5. The finish rolling shall be done with 6-8 tonnes smooth wheeled tandem rollers.175 170 Maximum 100 Minimum 130 Minimum 65 150 .165 150 .165 155 Maximum 80 Minimum 115 Minimum * The difference in temperature between the binder and aggregate should at no time exceed 14ºC.170 160 . Intermediate rolling shall be done with 810 tonnes dead weight or vibratory roller or with a pneumatic tyred roller of 12 to 15 tonnes weight having nine wheels. 1000 poises 115 to 135 .CRMB BROAD RANGE OF VISCOSITY AND TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS FOR MODIFIED BINDERS AS PER IRC: SP 53-2002 Stage of work Viscosity Temperature °C Binder at mixing Maximum 2 poises 165 to 185 Mix at mixing plant Maximum 4 poises 140 to 160 Mix at laying site Maximum 5 poises 130 to 150 Rolling at laying site 10 .Range of Viscosity and Temperature . Types of bituminous material EMULSION : A freely flowing liquid at ordinary temperature in (IS: 217-1978) which a substantial amount of bitumen is suspended in a solution of water. 3 grades Rapid Setting. 50-65% bitumen and 35-50% water. MS & SS. kerosene or creosote & diesel. MC & SC. CUT BACK : A solution of bitumen in a volatile or partly volatile (IS: 8887-1978) solvent such as petrol (Gasoline). 3 types . .Rapid Curing. When applied the water soaks in or evaporates allowing the bitumen particles to reunite and lie on the surface. 80% bitumen and 20% solvent. MC 250.Types of Emulsion and Cutback EMULSION: • Rapid Setting-1 • Rapid Setting-2 • Medium Setting RS-1 RS-2 MS • Slow Setting-1SS-1 • Slow Setting-2SS-2 CUTBACK • Rapid Curing RC 70. RC 800 & RC 30000 • Medium Curing MC 30. SC 250. MC 70. MC 800 & MC 3000 • Slow Curing SC 70. RC 250. May 22. SC 800 & SC 3000 Sunday. 2016 . 35 Sunday.35 to 0.Viscosity requirement and Quantity of Liquid Bituminous Primer Type of surface Kinematic Viscosity of Primer at 60C (Centistokes) Quantity of Liquid Bituminous Material per 10 Sq.30 . May 22.m.m. per sq. area 0.25 Dry and hungry bituminous surface Granular surfaces treated with primer Non bituminous surfaces 0. 2016 0.40 b) Cement concrete pavement 0.25 to 0.20 to 0.30 to 0.25 to 0. (kg.30 a) Granular base (not primed) 0.) Low porosity 30-60 6 to 9 Medium porosity 70-140 9 to 12 High porosity 250-500 12 to 15 Rate of application of Tack Coat Type of surface Normal bituminous surface Quantity of Liquid Bituminous Material in Kg. BUSG Grade of Bitumen 60/70 Moderate Cold Any Heavy Loads.SDBC.BPM. Urban roads BM.BPM.BUSG 80/100 Hot/Moderate Any PC 50/60 or 60/70 Cold Any PC 80/100 Hot/Moderate Any Mastic Asphalt 15+_5 Cold Any Mastic Asphalt 30/40 Climate Hot 60/70 DBM. Any Expressways.SELECTION OF GRADE OF BITUMEN Traffic(CVD) Bituminous Course Any BM.BC . M and H Type A or B SDBC 25mm PCSC 20mm BM L.M and H BC 50mm Design Traffic(msa) < 10 <10 <10 <10 >5<10 >=10 >=100 .M and H MSS 20mm L.M & H MSS 20mm Type A or B L.M&H BC 25mm DBM L.NO 1 2 3 Type of Type of Bituminous Base /Binder wearing Annual course course Rainfall 20mm PC with Sand L&M seal coat WBM/WMM/B USG 20mm PCSC L.FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT UNDER DIFFERENT SITUATIONs Sl.M and H BC 40mm L. thick of surfacing should not be counted towards the total thickness of pavement(purely for wearing and will not add to structural capacity) DBM shall be in two layers when thickness is more than 100mm. Mastic asphalt may be used at bus-stops and intersections. rainfall and other environmental condition. MSS. . Wearing course amenable to laying with paver-finisher should be adopted over paver-finished base binder course.Bituminous Surfacing Either wearing course / Binder course with wearing course Wearing courses are surface dressing . PCSC. For PCSC up to 25mm. SDBC and BC Binder courses are BM & DBM BM may be designed to carry traffic <5 msa DBM is recommended for traffic more than 5 msa 10 mm BM is equivalent to 7mm DBM Grade of bitumen will be selected based on traffic. BC should not be laid directly over manually laid GB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . British Standards ASTM . RIGID PAVEMENT (IRC: 58 – 2002) DESIGN LIFE OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS: • 15 Years ( NH and SH) and • 20 Years ( Express Way). • 10 to 15 Years (For Other categories) IS .American Society for Testing and Materials AASTHO . FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT (IRC: 37 – 2001) 2. May 22. 2016 .American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Sunday.General Discussion PAVEMENTS 1.Indian Standards BS . PART – B (Bituminous Layers) ALLOWABLE LIMITS AS PER MORTH FREQUENCY AS PER MORTH S. One set of 3 specimens for each source of supply. Two tests per day per plant both on the individual Constituents and mixed aggregates from the dryer. IS: Two Tests Per Lot 1206 & IS: 1208 Take 5005 –MORTH At regular close intervals (Rev4) IS: 6241 Table 500 4 Table 50010 Table 50015 MORTH MORTH MORTH Test Method IS: 2386(Part3) IS: 2720(Part4) One set of 3 specimens for each source of supply. IS: 1205.32 % 9 Density of Compacted layer Max 2% Max 2% Max 2% Max 2% Table 500 18 MORTH (5075mm) (5075mm) (5075mm) (5075mm) 3.4% 56% Frequency IS : 1203.5% Min4.13. Density of Compacted One test per 250m² of area.No Type of Test PC with SC BM DBM SDBC BC 1 Quality of Binder ( Penetration/Viscocity. One test per 25m³ of aggregates (for PCSC) MORTH (Rev4) Minimum Two tests per day.33. Ductility/Softening point) IS : 73 IS : 73 IS : 73 IS : 73 IS : 73 2 Temperature of binder 150° - 165° 150° - 165° 150° - 165° 150° - 165° 150° - 165° 3 Aggregate Impact Value Max 30 % Max 30 % Max 27 % Max 27 % Max 24% IS: 2386(Part4) One test per 50m³ of aggregate 4 Flakiness index & Elongation index __ Max 30 Max 30 Max 30 Max 30 IS: 2386(Part1) One test per 50m³ of aggregate 5 Stripping of Aggregate 6 Water Absorption 7 Grading of Aggregate Minimum Retained Coating 95 % Max 1% Table 50023 MORTH 8 Binder Content 4. layer .5% 3.5% 57% Min5% (80 (80100) (80 (80100) 100) Min4% 100) Min4.