Chemistry Project FileTopic- TO EXTRACT ESSENTIAL OILS PRESENT IN SOUNF(ANISEED),AJWAIN(CAROM) AND ELAICHI(CARDAMOM)” Arvind Pareek 2 .Submitted by Rahul dugar XII A Submitted to Mr. attitude and immense motivation. Chemistry teacher. Arvind Pareek sir. I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude for his invaluable guidance. I sincerely appreciate this magnanimity by taking me into her fold for which I shall herein indebted to her. which has sustained my efforts at all stage of this project work Submitted by Rahul Dugar XII A 3 . Tagore Public School.Acknowledgement I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to the principal Mrs. J.Sen Mam. Jaipur for her encouragement and for all the facilities that she provided in this project work. who guided me to the successful completion of this project . I extent my hearty thanks to Mr. Arvind Pareek (Head of Chemistry Dept. I have examined the project and hereby accord by my approval of it. Mrs. This doesn’t necessarily endorse or accept every statement made.Certificate This is to certify that Rahul Dugar has satisfactorily completed the project in chemistry on “TO EXTRACT ESSENTIAL OILS PRESENT IN SOUNF(ANISEED).AJWAIN(CAROM) AND ELAICHI(CARDAMOM)” prescribed by the AISSCE course in the school in the year 2013-14. It only signifies the acceptance of the project for which it is submitted. As a study carried out and presented in the manner required for its acceptance. J. opinion expressed or conclusion drawn.) 4 .Sen (Principal) Mr. NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 CONTENTS PAGE NO. INTRODUCTION 5 EXPERIMENT 6 THEORY 7 PROCEDURE AND 10 REQUIREMENTS OBSERVATION 11 CONCLUSION AND 12 PRECAUTIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY 13 5 .CONTENTS S. wintergreen. They are obtained from the plants by the process of steam distillation and extraction. phenols. spearmint. spices and many trees. Cinnamon. These smelling volatile oils present in plants are called essential oils. garlic..g. alcohols. rose. 6 .. but they are often concentrated in the seeds or flowers. The term “essential oils” literally means “oils derived from the essence” of plants. wintergreen are a few familiar examples of valuable essential oils. The essence or aromas of plants are due to volatile oils present in them. thyme. clove. citronella). Some are used in medicines (e. eucalyptus. Thus steam distillation reduces the risk of decomposition of essential oils. eucalyptus) others as insect repellants (e. peppermint. aldehydes. Chemically essential oils are composed of complex mixtures of ester. They are essentially non-polar compounds and are thus soluble in non-polar solvents such as petroleum ether. camphor. benzene etc. The technique of steam distillation permits the separation of volatile components from non-volatile materials without raising the temperature of the distillation above 100° C. ketones and hydrocarbons. cumin. jasmine. Essential oils may occur in all parts of the plant. Essential oils are mainly used for their pleasant odours and flavors in perfumes and as flavoring agents in foods.g.INTRODUCTION We are all familiar with the pleasant odours coming out from flowers. sandalwood. Experiment To extract essential oil present in Saunf (aniseed) Ajwain(carom) and Elaichi(cardamom) 7 . Ø Oil of aniseed is also reported to be used as an aromatic carminative to relieve flatulence. the principal component of anise oil. USES OF ANISEED OIL:Ø In aromatherapy. 8 . mites and vermin. The congealing point depends much on the anethole content and is a valuable criterion for evaluating the oil. It is put on fishing lures to attract fish. is a precursor that can eventually produce 2. Ø Anethole. and as an ingredient of cough lozenges in combination with liquorice. Higher values up to 6 per cent have been reported from Syrian aniseed. which is present to the extent of 80 to 90 per cent and is mainly responsible for the characteristic flavor of the oil. Ø Essential oil is also used externally as an insecticide against small insects such as head lice. and small amount of terpenes and sulfur containing compounds of disagreeable odour. The chief constituent of aniseed oil is anethole. The material should be distilled soon after the crushing to prevent any loss of oil due to evaporation. which solidifies on cooling. known as `Oil of Aniseed`. p-methoxyphenyl acetone. Aniseed oil is a colorless or pale-yellow liquid having the characteristic odour and taste of the fruit. aniseed essential oil is used to treat colds and flu. Aniseed oil is a highly refractive liquid. Crushing of fruits prior to distillation gives better yields of oil. and some oxidation also takes place with the formation of anisaldehyde and anisic acid.Aniseed Essential oil Aniseed. The yield of oil generally varies from 1. on steam distillation.5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde which is can be used in the clandestine synthesis of psychedelic drugs such as 2C-B. The oil also contains methyl chavicol . Exposure of the oil to air causes polymerization. 2C-I and DOB.9 to 3. Ø Aniseed oil can be made into a liquid scent and is used for both hunting and fishing. It also has fungicidal properties.1 per cent. yields an essential oil. which has now replaced the fruits for medicinal and flavoring purposes. Ajwain are highly incorporated for making various salad dressings and Indian bakery items. Soups. parathas. These seeds have been used since years as they consists number of medical properties. Thymol seeds. that’s why few seeds are enough to bring exotic fragrance to the vegetarian and non-veg food. They are specially used in different types of meat. 9 . Ajwain can be used for making pickles as well. USES OF CAROM SEEDS:These seeds are used for the tempering or tadka’s in the dishes. Ajma . delicate and oval shaped herbs with a penetrating fragrance. Ajwain has strong. that’s why few seeds are enough to bring the flavor in any Indian recipe. Onum . The aroma and unique taste of ajwain is used for making various types of roti’s. carom seeds are highly used for the Indian culinary. It is always advisable to buy whole carom seeds as they can be easily turned into powder form just by grinding them in a smooth powder. Carom seed belongs to the family of cumin and parsley.Carom essential oil: Carom seeds are also known as ajwain . thepla’s and so on. They are the tiny. cute. Carom seeds are sharp and hot with the burning taste. Ajmodika and bishops weed. Carom seeds can be whole or powdered one. Because of their strong aroma. snack recipes and dal recipes to enhance the flavor. dominant and distinctive taste and flavor. stocks and stews can be flavored with few seeds of ajwain. 2 Fruit loaves If you want to jazz up your banana bread or add a bit of life to your tired fruit loaf recipe.Cardamom Essential oil: Cardamom provides a warming and stimulating tonic . 3 Bread As with fruit loaves. You can also try a gargle with Cardamon if you suffer with halitosis (bad breath).Cardamom is also an excellent choice for the digestive system. Don’t worry about the cardamom turning savory breads into sweet. and baked fruit. depending on taste. but you could also try adding a little ground cardamom to ice cream. the more exotic the better. chicken or vegetable casserole an extra zing and makes a great entertaining or moving house meal. set custards. the spice will just a hint of warmth to the flavor and you can add as little or as much as you like. It doesn’t matter what flavor the basic smoothie is – in fact. rich flavor from the finished loaf. a sprinkling of cardamom will do wonders for your bread rolls and loaves. then a touch of ground cardamom will make a world of difference. 4 Puddings Many desserts benefit from the addition of cardamom – rice pudding works especially well. I am sure I don’t have to tell you that Cardamom is greatly admired and extensively used as a culinary spice all over the world. yogurt. 10 . 5 Casseroles A few pods added to a casserole dish will give a lamb. Just add the spice when you are mixing in the rest of the dry ingredients and you will get a lovely warm. Why not try 1 drop Cardamon and one drop of Peppermint in a small amount of water as an effective way to freshen your breath! USES FOR CARDAMOM 1 Smoothies Add some cardamom to fruit smoothies to give them an extra edge. the steam volatile components of saunf pass through the condenser along with steam. In the round bottom flask take about 75 gm of crushed saunf. Ajwain(Carum). A vigorous current of steam from steam generator is passed through the round bottom flask. Condenser is further attached to a receiver through an adaptor. glass tubes. The contents in the round bottom flask may be heated by a bunsen burner to prevent excessive condensation of steam. odour and weight of the essential oil. Note the colour. Combine the petroleum ether extracts in a 250 ml conical flask and dry it with the help of anhydrous sodium sulphate. These contents on condensation are collected in the receiver. A part of the steam condenses in the round bottom flask. Remove the solvent from the dried filtrate by careful distillation in a water bath.Saunf(Aniseed) . iron stand. The apparatus consists of a steam generator connected to the round bottom flask through a glass inlet tube. condenser. sand bath. As more and more steam is passed. tripod stands. PROCEDURE:Set the apparatus as shown in the picture of Experimental Setup.REQUIREMENTS:Steam generator (Copper Vessel). Petroleum ether(60-80°C). 11 . separatory funnel. burners. The flask is connected to a water condenser through a glass outlet tube. conical flask. round bottom flask (500 ml). The process of steam distillation is continued for about half an hour. Take about 750 ml of water in the steam generator and start heating to produce steam. The essential oil is left behind in the distillation flask. Find the weight of the extracted essential oil. Transfer the distillate to a separating funnel and extract with 20 ml portions of petroleum ether 3 times. 75 gm 10 gm 11 gm 1 gm 1.25 gm 1.OBSERVATIONS:Name of Item Weight Initial Weight of Item Weight of bottle (x) + taken Weight of essential essential oil oil extracted (y) (y-x) 11.25 % Colour-less Saunf like smell.) SAUNF (ANISEED):2.) AJWAIN (CAROM):- 100 gm 10gm 1.25 gm Percentage of essential oil (y/100)*100 Colour of the oil Odour of the oil 1.33% Colour-less Ajwain like smell 12 . Keep essential oils away from children and pets 13 . Storage – Store in a cool. Avoid contact with polished surfaces and plastic. Do not use neat on skin. AJWAIN(CAROM) AND ELAICHI(CARDAMOM)” Precautions If you accidentally spill essential oils – Clean any spillage with an absorbent material such as kitchen roll.Conclusion “HENCE WE HAVE EXTRACTED ESSENTIAL OILS FROM 75 GM OF SOUNF(ANISEED). Never apply to inflamed or broken skin. dry place away from heat and direct sunlight. Do not take internally. If pregnant seek medical advice before using. Always use original containers. Handling – Do not eat. If you accidentally swallow essential oils – Rinse mouth with MILK and seek medical attention. If you accidentally get essential oils in your eye – Flush with copious amounts of MILK for at least 15 minutes and seek medical advice if symptoms persist. drink or smoke when handling. Respect good personal hygiene. Always mix with carrier oil before applying to the skin. CO.ESSENTIALOILS .BIBLIOGRAPHY COMPREHENSIVE CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL CLASS-XII.ORG /WIKI /ANISE Ø HTTP://WWW.ZA/ESSENTIAL-OILS /ANISEED.HTM 14 . Ø HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA .
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