2055GTHE GREEN FUEL TREATMENT BRANCH OFFICE: ADERCO EUROPE S.A. Chaussée de Louvain 275 B - 1410 Waterloo Tel: + 32/2.354.46.72 - Fax: + 32/2.354.54.10 Email: [email protected] Web Site: www.aderco.com CONTENTS Chapters BRIEF INTRODUCTION THE FUEL TREATMENT CONCEPT ADERCO 2055G ADVANTAGES CHARACTERISTICS OF 2055G HOW DOES ADERCO 2055G WORK FUEL TANKS ISSUES EXPECTED BENEFITS AND EVOLUTION WITH ADERCO 2055G ASPHALTENES HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION CATALYST PARTICLE (Al+Si) C.C.A.I. INSTRUCTION SHEET Pages 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 13 17 18 19 22 2 The ADERCO 2055G is the latest generation of the fuel treatment available in the shipping market.BRIEF INTRODUCTION Aderco Inc. Efficiency. The full advantages of the benefits are achieved through a continuous usage of ADERCO 2055G fuel additive when the concept is applied to the vessel’s operation. THE FUEL TREATMENT CONCEPTS The ADERCO 2055G concepts is the result of experience in solving HFO & MDO related problems in close co-operation and partnership with our customers. Economy & Environment. More than 1000 world major sea-going vessels and dozens strategic power plants use on a regular base our fuel additives worldwide. evaluated and quantified throughout a systematic approach. It answers to the three fundamental issues of the shipping industry. Our experience covers more than 30 years into the heavy fuel treatment in the shipping and power plant industries. 3 . The product is a vegetal derivative. The operation can be monitored. which is environmentally friendly and extremely concentrated. is a Canadian company that is specialized in developing and producing the latest fuel additives technology. ASH LESS – METAL FREE BEFORE – DURING – AFTER COMBUSTION ACTS AS A DETERGENT & HAS ONLY A PHYSICAL EFFECT ON THE HFO INITIAL 1 LITRE 27.5 TONS SUBSEQUENT 1 LITRE 55 TONS √ √ √ √ X √ √ √ √ √ √ √ DOSAGE IN HSHFO & LSHFO DOSAGE PUMP QUANTITY ON BOARD NOT REQUIRED DUE TO ITS HIGH CONCENTRATION LOW QUANTITY ARE NEEDED ON BOARD NON HAZARDOUS NOT RESTRICTED (allowed by NON DANGEROUS ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY FLEXIBILITY & REACTIVITY WHEN REQUIRED STORAGE TRANSPORT HEALTH ENVIRONMENT DELIVERY TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE airfreight) 4 .ADERCO 2055G ADVANTAGES PRODUCT ACTIONS WITH ONE PRODUCT ADDITIVE EFFECT VEGETAL DERIVATIVE. which have both attributes. the mixture will tend to separate and stratify. as do water and fuel oil. Surfactants (figure 1) are molecules.Characteristics of ADERCO 2055G ADERCO 2055G is a vegetal derivative and environmentally friendly detergent/dispersant additive specially formulated to disperse asphaltenes. Because of their polar/non-polar characteristics. surfactants do not disperse evenly throughout the mixture like salt in water. Their orientation will be determined by the nature (either polar or non-polar) of the interface. Aderco 2055G is totally free of metal. to improve atomisation and to give a better combustion. This phenomenon allows for solutions to be created from two liquids of different natures. This characteristic of surfactants makes them ideal intermediary products acting to make mixtures of polar and non-polar liquids compatible. polar and non-polar. Under normal circumstances a polar liquid cannot be blended with a non-polar liquid and remain homogeneous. If two liquids of different natures are blended. The surfactant film at the interface of two liquids of different natures will reduce the interfacial tension. 5 . Surfactants also act very many like magnets. Figure 1: Graphic representation of a surfactant molecule. to homogenize the fuel. The surfactant properties All liquids found in nature are classified as either polar or non-polar. Only liquids of the same nature can be blended satisfactorily and retain their consistency. within the same structure. Instead. with north and south poles. they seek out interfaces and/or discontinuities. The soap's final action is to reduce the interfacial tension. ADERCO 2055G acts exactly the same way in heavy fuel oil.aderco. It breaks down large agglomerations and disperses the tiny particles finely throughout the mixture. In a short time. as in drawing 4. the soap has lifted the fat from the plate and enveloped it completely. forming a layer on the exposed fat surfaces.How does ADERCO 2055G work? Virtual presentation can be watched on http://www. 6 . since water is polar and fat is non-polar. Standard evaluation methods can illustrate this action.com/resources. soap is added. Figure 1 illustrates the action of soap and water on a plate soiled with table fat. Only liquids of the same nature can be mixed. It will not accept the fat. Figure 1: Soap acting on fat. as shown in drawing 3. In drawing 2.html ADERCO 2055G is a type of soap specially formulated for solubility in petroleum products. In drawing 1. the water contains no soap. It works very much like normal soap. Large fat droplets are broken down into very tiny ones dispersed throughout the water. Sludge: Sludge is made of solid and semi-solid impurities of different nature which accumulate in the bottom of the storage tanks. generally found in a high proportion in cracked heavy oil (high proportion of carbon with double bonds “ benzene ring” with hydrogen single bonds) are sensitive to oxygen. every HFO possess its own chemical characteristics. These gums further increase the quantity of suspended solids in the fuel. The acids liberated contribute to fuel storage system corrosion. can provoke high precipitations of asphaltene sludge if mixed together. They can be removed from tanks but at great expense. for instance. 7 . Consequence: each fraction (light and heavy) will separate in the storage tanks Asphaltene: Asphaltene is a natural hydrocarbon compound commonly found in fuel. degrade and lead to precipitations of asphaltene sludge. Consequence: they tend overtime to accumulate together and cause problems throughout the filtration & purification process. The asphaltene molecules are very large in size with a high molecular weight. The problems Incompatibility/stability: Incompatibility: due to the nature of their composition. It is made by blending two elements: a cracked residual oil fraction (high aromatics) and a distillate oil fraction (cutter stocks). Stability: In some conditions the stability of the HFO can be altered. either in air or water. Consequence: asphaltene molecules oxidize. Consequence: two HFO sourced at different suppliers or at a different time. Usually the content of asphaltene in fuel ranges between 1 wt% to 12 wt% but higher value can be found.FUEL TANKS ISSUES HFO Heavy Fuel Oil is a petroleum product of high density and viscosity. They remain in suspension in the fuel but over time can be affected by too much heating or cold thermal shock (ballast tank walls). Consequence: these structures react to form gums and acids. Oxidation: Aromatic structures. contains a high proportion of residual oil. The HFO 380 RMG. 5 mT Fuel Oil in the bunker tanks before bunkering* Subsequent single dosages: 1 litre ADERCO 2055G for 55 mT Fuel Oil in the bunker tanks before bunkering* * The additive can be added 24 hours prior bunkering. 8 .Benefits and evolution when using ADERCO 2055G Phase 1: INITIAL Initial double dosage applied to all storage tanks: 1 litre ADERCO 2055G for 27. Phase 2: EFFICIENCY First 10 days after initial dosage: ü Drain carefully the water at the settling tank. Purposes Stops fuel incompatibility Without additive With additive Asphaltenes dispersion Sludge regeneration Water settles down 9 . ü More activity could be noticed on first filtration. ü After 10 days the operation will come back to normal routine. ü Reduction of the carbon fallouts at the funnel.Phase 3: EFFICIENCY After 1.000 to 1. Purposes Without additive With additive Clogging filters Purifiers fouling Purifiers conditions Atomisation & combustion 10 . ü Possibility to extend the flushing intervals at the purifiers. ü Possibility to extend the cleaning intervals. ü Deposits in the purifiers are reduced and the carbon in the bowl is easy to remove. ü Cleaning of the bunker tanks are in process.200 running hours: ü Reduction of the deposits and sludge in the filters. ü ü ü ü ü Carbon deposit on piston top land is reduced. Soot in the economiser is light and dry. rings become free in their grooves.000 running hours: ü Cleaning of the bunker tanks are still in process. Less fouling on the exhaust valves. ü Reduction of the workload on filtration and separation. Reduction of the sludge in the stuffing boxes. Purposes Piston Without additive With additive Rings Pack & Scavenger ports Stuffing Boxes 11 .800 and 2. Extension of the cleaning intervals on the turbo charger gas side. ü Settling and service tanks are cleaned up.Phase 4: EFFICIENCY-ECONOMY After 1. Reduced cleaning stuffing boxes & scavenges areas workload. Reduced exhaust valves deposits. Reduced soot in economiser and cleaning intervals extension. Reduced fouling in turbocharger at turbine side. The fuel line is also clean. Purposes Turbo Charger Without additive With additive Exhaust Gas Boiler Sludge deposit on the tanks bottom 12 .600 running hours: ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü The storage.400 and 3. Reduced workload filters and separators. settling and service tanks are now cleaned. Reduced smoke emissions and carbon fallouts.Phase 5: ECONOMY & ENVIRONMENT After 3. ASPHALTENES Asphaltenes have two properties. These molecules are very large. These agglomerations are asphaltenes molecules stacked atop one another (physically bonded). purification and combustion systems. Figure 1 The condensed aromatic rings exist in the form of a non-homogeneous flat sheet (figure 1). which make them undesirable in all filtration. Second property Agglomerations: Most asphaltenes exist in solution in fuel oil like salt in water. Figure 2 13 . resulting in agglomerations of asphaltenes molecules in solution. chemically bound in a plane. and have no boiling point. such an agglomeration would resemble a book (figure 2). Due to their relative polarity they naturally tend to attract each other. First property Very large molecules: the asphaltenes molecule is an assembly of aromatic rings. If each asphaltenes would represent a sheet of paper. During atomisation Combustion & after combustion These large solid agglomerations contained into the fuel atomisation. sticking injection pumps. Figure 5. As consequence a dramatic carbon fouling on the pistons. are very difficult to burn during the combustion process.1 second in the zone flame is insufficient to burn completely. 14 . Fuel systems The Asphaltenes precipitation generates the problem as: clogging filters. Labs picture showing the Asphaltenes precipitation. solid sludge production. a fresh water contamination or by evaporation of the fuel cutter stocks.Before atomisation Asphaltenes precipitations The risk of Asphaltenes precipitation into the fuel stored in a double bottom or wing tanks could be generated by a thermal shock on fuel itself (lack of heating or a cold wall tank beside a water ballast). The slow burning materials can provoke also a rise-up of the exhaust temperature. because their typical residence of 0. Figure 4. rings and four the 4 stroke a dramatic unburned carbon material contamination within the lubricating oil. The heavy fuel oil combustion. which attacks these agglomerations by breaking them into individual Asphaltenes. how of the ADERCO 2055G acts on the Asphaltenes. as shown in the pictures7 and 8. as shown in figure 6. Figure 6 Schematic representation. the effectiveness of ADERCO 2055G can be seen clearly through the microscope techniques. ADERCO 2055G is a surfactant. 15 . Asphaltenes sheets agglomeration in layers to form a book-like structure. and preventing them from reagglomeration. This fuel could cause poor combustion with formation of large quantities of unburned material. Figure 7 (without ADERCO) shows the asphaltenes phase after evaporation of the liquid fraction. it simply breaks apart the agglomerations into smaller. ADERCO 2055G does not work by altering the molecular structure of the Asphaltenes through a chemical reaction. Instead. Note that asphaltenes deposits are continuous and totally agglomerated.How does ADERCO 2055G work? As we saw in figure 2. Figure 7 Asphaltenes precipitation fuel oil not previously treated with ADERCO 2055G Magnified 4140 X with a scanning electron microscope. more thorough combustion with far less unburned material. Figure 8 Asphaltenes precipitation. The smaller units burn more easily in the flame zone. The same fuel treated with ADERCO would give improved. fuel oil previously treated with ADERCO 2055G Magnified 4140 X with a scanning electron microscope. Figure 9 Heavy fuel oil combustion with ADERCO 2055G . piston ring grooves. lubricating oil and in the flue gas. Note that the asphaltenes phase is now completely broken down into tiny fragments. purifiers fouling and sticking injection pumps. the large agglomerated Asphaltenes will break down into smaller units as consequence the fuel will remain more homogenised before the atomisation minimising drastically the risk of clogging filters. thereby reducing the amount of unburned carbon residue in the combustion chamber. 16 . By using ADERCO 2055G .Figure 8 shows the same fuel treated with ADERCO 2055G. and finally into V2O5 (melting point around 690oC). Instead. but the precipitate is now finely dispersed rather than agglomerated. turbo charger blades). Before they have had time to transform into undesirable V2O5. and less vanadium will remain to be transformed into V2O5. has a very low melting point. ambient temperatures are much higher than the melting point of vanadium pent oxide. chemical equilibrium is toward V2O4. 17 . How does ADERCO 2055G work? ADERCO 2055G is surface-active agents specially synthesized to break down the agglomerations of the asphaltenes in solution and disperse them in minute particles throughout the mixture. they will be carried out the stack by the flue gasses. Molten vanadium ash is formed. V2O3 and V2O4 both have a high melting point. vanadium pent oxide (V2O5). Its aggressive effect on the exhaust valves and turbo charger material causes what is known as high temperature corrosion. then into V2O4 (melting point around 1967oC). The asphaltenes precipitation during gasification still occurs. It is first transformed into V2O3 (melting point around 1967oC). At this stage they exist as atomic particles. The third vanadium compound. vanadium tri oxide (V2O3) and vanadium tetra oxide (V2O4).HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION The problem The problem of high temperature corrosion originates with the vanadium found in varying concentrations (normally from 25 . and much less soot is produced.500 ppm) in all heavy fuel oils (HFO). most of the asphaltenes will be oxidized in the flame. In the high temperature section of the boiler (exhaust valves. At flame temperature. with very little V2O5. During normal operation some of this vanadium is deposited inside the boiler. yielding carbon dioxide (CO2). water vapour (H2O). where oxidizing conditions prevail (excess O2 and high temperatures). The vanadium then undergoes the following chemical reactions: 4V + 3O2 = 2V2O3 2V2O3 + O2 = 2V2O4 2V2O4 + O2 = 2V2O5 Vanadium is a multiple stage-oxidizing element. Because of their high melting points the first two vanadium oxides (V2O3 and V2O4) do not create any special problems other than fouling. These finely dispersed asphaltenes are much more likely to burn completely. Less tube fouling will results. ADERCO 2055G additives are an added security in the case of high content of catalyst particles. which breaks up and disperses very finely the heavy end agglomerations of heavy fuels such as asphaltenes. ADERCO 2055G contribution ADERCO 2055G additive is totally organic (no metallic content) surface-active agent (surfactant).CATALYST PARTICLES The problem? Catalyst particles (Al-Si) are an increasing occurrence in modern fuel oil. Furthermore. always limits the limit on how clean the fuel is. gums and resins. since it will assist in their elimination in the centrifuge. To obtain optimum fuel cleaning it is of prime importance to operate the centrifuge with as low a viscosity of the fuel as possible (highest fuel oil temperature as possible) and allow the fuel to remain in the centrifuge bowl as long as possible (reduce the fuel throughput). by breaking down the water emulsion and a fuel viscosity reduction of 10% which assists in catalyst particles elimination in the centrifuge. they are highly abrasive for diesel engine internal parts. the purifier units in a cleaner condition. On account of this action. 18 . The available equipment. . ü Reduction of the turbo charger fouling. because the percentage of fuel flow injected during the ignition timing is more important than in the 2 stroke engines.C. Since few time.I. Reduction of carbon formation on the exhaust valves and corrosion at high temperature. chart. The 4 stroke engines are more sensitive to the high C. ü Economiser of waste heat completely clean of soot. ü ü ü 19 .f. ADERCO improves the fuel ignition with a better.30°C of the exhaust gas temperature. the refining processes produce heavier residual fuels. The fuel viscosity (CST 50°C) and the density at 15°C are the only criteria required to make the check (c.I. Reduction of 20°. For the Chief Engineer.I.C. (CALCULATED CARBON AROMATIC INDEX) As you know.. to reduce the incompatibility and instability tendencies of cracked fuels. an increasing of the exhaust gas temperature. they use low viscosity flux ants (aromatic) with as a result a poor combustion due to an ignition delay.C. more complete combustion.A. figure attached page 21). the only way to evaluate the ignition fuel quality is to use the C. ü Less insoluble in lubricating oil.C.I. a dramatic rise of the turbo charger fouling too much soot in the waste heat boiler economiser due to an incomplete combustion when the gases are expelled out of the cylinder.C.A. The poor fuel ignition quality leads to detrimental effects towards the combustion chamber.A. in that way the exhaust gases are totally burnt when they are expelled. with: Improved combustion. Because ADERCO 2055G reduces by 30% the size of the fuel droplets during the atomisation.A. So that ADERCO 2055G overcomes dramatically the problems issued from too high C. C.I. Better results if ADERCO 2055G is added before bunkering.A.C. ADERCO 2055G is to be poured in the storage tanks through the sounding pipe.I.5 tons of fuel Subsequent injections: 1 litre per 55 tons of fuel F Only the 4 stroke engines & depending of the C..C.C. and to adapt the ADERCO 2055G dosage following the results. Over 865: the fuel is not recommended for 4 strokes engines. vent pipe or manhole. the dosage should be adjusted as follows: C. Up to 845: 1 litre per 55 tons.A.A.ADERCO 2055 G Regular dosages for 2 stroke and 4 stroke engines First injection: 1 litre per 27.A. before starting each bunkering with the monogram for deriving C. Over 855: 1 litre per 30 tons.I. Up to 855: 1 litre per 40 tons. 20 . We recommend the Chief Engineer to evaluate the fuel C.I. 21 . AS SOON AS THE ADERCO ADDITIVE IS INTRODUCED INTO THE FUEL. WATCH THE FILTERS. SOUNDING OR VENT PIPES BEFORE BUNKERING. DESLUDGING PROCESS IS ENGAGED. IF THE TANK IS ALREADY FILLED. 2/ DOSAGE INSTRUCTIONS F INITIAL DOSAGE: F OTHER DOSAGE: 1 LITER PER 27.5 TONS OF FUEL* 1 LITER PER 55 TONS OF FUEL* * The additive can be added 24 hours prior bunkering. 22 . POUR THROUGH THE SOUNDING OR VENT PIPES AND BLOW AIR ON IT TO DISPERSE. TO BE POURED IN THE MAIN FUEL TANKS OR DOUBLE BOTTOM TANKS THROUGH THE FEED-LINE.INSTRUCTION SHEET ADERCO 2055G FUEL OIL ADDITIVES 1/ ADERCO CAN HELP YOU u u u u u u u HIGH INSTABILITY/INCOMPATIBILITY HIGH SLUDGE CONTAMINATION HIGH ASPHALTENES HICH CARBON RESIDUES HIGH CCAI VALUES HIGH SEDIMENTS HIGH VANADIUM FOR MORE DETAILS PLEASE REFER TO INSTRUCTION MANUAL. SEPARATOR AND DRAIN THE TANKS REGULARLY FOR THE FIRST WEEK. 80 KG – GROSS: 20. IF EYE CONTACT DOES OCCUR: FIMMEDIATELY WASH WITH COPIOUS AMOUNTS OF CLEAN WATER OR AN EYEWASH SOLUTION FOR AT LEAST 10 MINUTES.3/ PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS u u u u u u APPEARANCE COLOR FLASH POINT POUR POINT SPECIFIC GRAVITY VISCOSITY LIQUID BROWN 146° C -21° C 0./ml 320 CST AT 20° C 4/ HANDLING NORMAL PRECAUTIONS SHOULD BE OBSERVED: FOR HANDLING PETROLEUM PRODUCT IF SKIN CONTACT DOES OCCUR: FWASH AFFECTED AREAS WITH SOAP AND WATER.0 KG UN NUMBER: N/A NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT EEC LABEL REQUIRED: (X) IRRITANT 23 .94 gr. 5/ SHIPPING & FREIGHT CLASSIFICATION IN PLASTIC PAIL OF 20 LITRES–WEIGHT NET: 18.