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1. Viewed from above the North Pole, the earth appears to rotate: Toward the A.east Toward the B. west In a counterclockwise C direction . . both a. and D c. 2. In the geographic grid coordinate system, parallels of latitude: are used to specify east-west A. position converge toward the B. poles are used to specify north-south C position . . both b. and c. D above 3. The surface distance represented 1° of latitude is approximately: 1 A. km 11 B. km 111 C km . . 1111 D km 4. When the earth is represented as a sphere, a meridian of longitude: describes a great A. circle describes a small B. circle either a. or C b. . . will never describe a D circle 5. The map projection most useful for navigation is the .. Polar A. Projection Mercator B. Projection Goode C Projection . . Interrupted D projection 6. If the time in New York is 9 a.m., the time in Los Angeles will be: earlie A. r late B. r the C same . 7. The earth is closest to the sun at: perihelio A. n equino B. x aphelio C n . . summer D solstice 8. The noon sun is directly overhead at 23½° N at the: vernal A. equinox summer B. solstice autumnal C equinox . . winter D solstice 9. At the spring equinox, the area between the Arctic Circle (66½°N) and the North Pole: A. the Prime A. B.receives 24 hours of A. . 5 33. 15 23. Meridian the B. C 3 . perpendicular. D 5 E. 66. . 90 11 The Meridian at 0 degrees is: . Equator the Arctic C Circle . daylight experiences 24 hours of B. night receives 12 hours of C daylight . receives more than 12 hours but less than 24 hours D of daylight 10 The Earth's axis is always tilted at an angle of _________ degrees to the . m.m. Monday change their watches to 2:00 p.. Line 12 What forces cause the Earth to assume the shape of an .m. change their watches to 3:00 p. .m. Their watches at that moment indicate that the correct local time is 2:00 p. Monday change their watches to 1:00 p. Moon 13 Passengers traveling by air from Tokyo to San Francisco hear the pilot announce . axis Earth's revolution around C the Sun . that the plane is about to cross the international date line. oblate ellipsoid? Gravit A. Upon crossing the date line they should _______. . the Antarctic D Circle the International Date E. . Tectonic D forces Gravitational influence of the E. on A. y Earth's rotation on its B. on Monday. on C Tuesday . on B. Tru A. e Fals B. Autumnal Equinox – D October 23 15 The only line of longitude that is a great circle is . the noon sun is directly . Tuesday 14 Which of the following associations in the Northern Hemisphere . . June 22 Spring Equinox – C March 21 . e 17 The earth's axis always points toward . Polaris. change their watches to 2:00 p. overhead at 0°. . on E. is incorrect? Winter Solstice – A..m. December 22 Summer Solstice – B. Tru A. e Fals B.00 p. e 16 At the Autumnal (Fall) Equinox. the equator. on D Sunday change their watches to 3.m. the left. The majority of the earth's radiation is emitted in: ultraviolet A. e 18 If you travel eastward across the International Date Line. Tru A. . wavelengths visible B. e Fals B. e 1. e 19 The Coriolis effect causes flows in the Northern Hemisphere to be deflected to . thermal infrared D wavelengths 2. The majority of the sun's radiation in the ultraviolet wavelengths is absorbed by: Ozon A. e Fals B. wavelengths short wave infrared C wavelengths . Tru A. your watch ahead by one day. e .Tru A. e Fals B. you must advance . rays. equinox The winter C solstice . Daily insolation at a location depends on… The angle of the sun's A. Dioxide Water C vapour . solstice The B.Carbon B. None of the D above. maximum daily insolation occurs at The summer A. All of the D above 4. . . h Latitud C e . Daylengt B. . . Nitroge D n 3. At the equator. The ozone layer is located in: the A. n oxyge B. . lithosphere the B. water D vapour 6. hydrosphere the C stratosphere . heat Latent B. The most abundant gas in the earth's present atmosphere is: nitroge A. . The heat energy that is stored or released when a substance changes state is… Sensible A. n carbon C dioxide . . the D thermosphere 7. heat Mechanical C heat .5. % 30 B. . latitudes .. 5% 20 B. 80 D % 9. what percentage of solar radiation arriving at the outer edge of the atmosphere. . penetrates the atmosphere and reaches the earth's surface? A. The albedo of the earth is approximately… 15 A. Radiant D heat 8. % 45 C % . surface: is nearly zero at all A. % 50 C % . On a clear day. 60 D % 10 Annual net radiation at the earth . atmosphere is directly absorbed by the Earth's surface? 27 A.is negative near the B. light xC rays . . % 49 C % . . % 31 B. . equator is positive near the C equator . % 12 Which of the following has the shortest . 69 D % 100 E. is positive near the D poles 11 Approximately what proportion of the total solar radiation entering the Earth's . wavelength? ultra-violet (UV A. radiation) visible B. . The temperature of the Sun is a function of the wavelength of the A. visible light? 1. energy it emits The amount of energy emitted by the Sun is a function of its B. .2 to 3.7 C micrometers .4 to 0. micrometers 0.7 to 1.2 B. temperature The wavelength of the energy emitted by the Sun is a function of its C temperature . micrometers 0. radiation 13 What does the Wien's Law describe? . The wavelength of the energy emitted by the Sun is a D function of its size Some of the solar radiation is lost as it travels to E. the Earth 14 What is the range of wavelengths of . 8 to 12 D micrometers .. infrared D radiation gamma E.0 A. e Fals B. the wavelength at which most . Tru A. part of the Sun 16 As the temperature of an object increases. e 18 100% of the earth's atmosphere lies within 30 km of the . e 17 The highest daily insolation during the summer solstice occurs at . Tru A. e . the south pole. its strength the solar radiation is spread over a larger B. Tru A. unit area the solar radiation is spread over a smaller C unit area . . the solar radiation must travel through more volume of atmosphere and D so more radiation is reflected back to space the high latitude regions receive solar radiation from the cooler E. micrometers 15 The lower solar angles characteristic of high latitude locations leads to lower . earth's surface. e Fals B. levels of insolation because: the solar radiation has further to travel and so looses A. electromagnetic radiation is emitted will increase.3 to 6 E. contact with each other. e Fals B. The annual temperature range at coastal sites: is less than at continental A. high albedo. sites is greater than at continental B. an atmosphere Tru A. Tru A. e Fals B. e 20 The earth's atmosphere causes the earth to be cooler than it would be without . e 19 Black pavement has a low albedo. e Fals B. Tru A. e Fals B. Tru A. e 21 Latent heat transfer occurs when two objects of unlike temperature come into . sites . e 22. while snow has a . e 1. The albedo of water is generally high for near vertical rays of sunlight on calm water.Fals B. 3 C. with altitude that the mean daily temperature increases C. approximately … noon A. that the daily temperature variation increases A. one would expect to find: .m.m. e . p. processes operate is the: mesosphe A. with altitude both a. with altitude that the mean daily temperature decreases B.is no different than at C. re stratosphe C. D. and b. p. 1 B. 6 D. re thermosphe B.m. above 3 Maximum daily air temperature usually cycle occurs at . continental sites 2 In a mountain range. 4 The layer of the atmosphere nearest to the earth in which most weather . p. re tropospher D. . found in: Equatorial continental A. and b. sites High latitude continental C. tends to be: deflected southward over the A. continents deflected northward over the C. sites 6 The coldest month of the year at coastal locations in the northern . y 7 The isotherm of maximum air temperature around the earth during July . sites Equatorial maritime B. er Januar C. er Decemb B. sites High latitude maritime D.5 The least variable temperatures on earth would be . D. above . continents both a. hemisphere is Novemb A. oceans deflected southward over the B. y Februar D. oxides chlorofluorocarbo D. mesosphere None of the D. ns 9 Temperature increases with . temperature? Land cover A. stratosphere the C. dioxide methan B. elevation in: the A. e nitrous C. ozone Changes in solar C. output All of the D. above 10 Which of the following factors are contributing to lower the earth's . gas is Carbon A. troposphere the B. alteration Tropospheric B.8 The most abundant greenhouse . above . troposphere there is no change in air temperature as one descends through the B. secure To make them easy to C. . convenient location 12 During a temperature inversion _______. atmosphere temperatures decrease as one ascends through the lower D. C. troposphere temperatures increase as one ascends through the lower C. find To control the effect of air D. B. atmosphere the stratosphere is the same temperature as the E. there is no change in air temperature as one ascends through the A. 24 A. 27 33 . its temperature would be approximately _______ degrees Celsius. troposphere 13 A parcel of air at the base of a mountain range has a temperature of 30 . thermometer shelter? To keep them A. clean To keep them B. degrees Celsius . If the parcel of air moved 500 metres up the slope.11 What is the primary reason for thermometers being housed in a . flow To allow observers to easily read the temperature in a E. temperatures. . 36 40 14 Which of the following is not one of the four important thermal difference . conduction Tru A. evaporation 15 Urban air temperatures are generally lower than rural air . dry soil open water can be easily cooled by open E. e 16 Sensible Heat transfer occurs through . water below the greater heat capacity of D.D. the water water is slower to heat than B. e Fals B. E. covered surfaces. between land and ocean surfaces? downwelling of solar radiation that penetrates A. Tru A. land warm water surfaces can mix with cooler C. e Fals B. e 17 Temperature inversions are common in the winter over snow . Tru A. The hydrologic cycle is a/an Closed matter flow A. e 19 Four of the five warmest years on record since 1400 occurred .e Fals B. during the 1990's. e Fals B. e Fals B. system B. Tru A. zones of Asia and North America. Tru A. Open matter flow . their interception of solar radiation. e 21 The altitude of the tropopause varies with season . Tru A. e 20 The warming effect of vegetation is the result of transpiring leaves and . e Fals B. Tru A. e 18 The lowest annual temperature ranges occur in the subarctic and arctic . e Fals B. and latitude. e 1. temperature increase will Increase both specific humidity and relative A. surface is in .. system Open energy flow D. its relative humidity is. % . er Glaciers and ice B. a . s Stream D. but is only holding 8 grams per cubic meter. 4% A. humidity Increase specific humidity but have no effect on C. 16 B. sheets Lake C. specific humidity 4 If a parcel of air is capable of holding 40 grams per cubic meter of water .. humidity Decrease both specific humidity and relative B. s 3 In a mass of air in which water is neither added nor removed. Groundwat A. system 2 The largest reservoir of fresh water on the earth's .system Closed energy flow C.. relative humidity Decrease relative humidity but have no effect on D. Changes in the relative humidity of C. cloud 7 A fog that develops when warm. an example of . cloud Cumulonumbus C. % 32 D. Changes in the absolute humidity of B.20 C. the air. the air. cloud Stratus B. the air. result of The addition or removal of heat energy from A. cloud Altocumulus D. Advection A. Cumulus A.. % 5 All adiabatic temperature changes occur as a . fog Convection C. the air. fog . 6 A rain cloud is a . moist air blows over a cold suface is . Expansion or compression of D. fog Radiation B. s cumulonimb C. the air D. us 10 The primary way large amounts of condensation is brought about . air by making air B. us cirru B. us altocumul D. heating Lifting along the edges of conflicting air B. 9 Which of the following clouds is composed mainly of . masses Air mass modification and the formation of secondary C. ice crystals? altostrat A.Evaporation D. barrier. in nature is: by warming A. by making air . rise by adding more water vapour to C. fog 8 The term orographic refers to . air masses Forced uplift die to the presence of a physical D. Convection stimulated principally by local A. descend. A. 11 The average environmental lapse rate is _______________ degrees Celsius . C. reached at the lifting condensation level? a. B. cumulus altocumulus. point of A. 10 0. altocumulus 13 During adiabatic cooling as air rises. D. altocumulus. 4 6. what stage has the parcel of air . 5 12 Which of the following orderings of clouds is correct as one . 4 E. vaporization dew B. B.6 C. cirrocumulus. cirrus cumulonimbus. stratocumulus stratus. cumulonimbus. increases in altitude? cirrus. stratus cirrus. per 100 metres 1 A. stratus. point . E. cumulonimbus. D. absolute C. updrafts The sound of E. fusion specific E. downdrafts . e zone of unstable D. that mark the: location of the dew point A. lightning The sound of the electrical current associated with C. temperature mixing B. phenomena? The impact of lightning hitting the A. lightning The sound of D. level 15 The sound generated by thunder is the result of which . layer tropopaus C. air lifting condensation E. humidity 14 Cumulus clouds forming from convection have flat bases . humidity latent heat of D. ground The rapid expansion of air heated by B. 16 Latent heat is released when liquid water changes to . 10°C/km. e Fals B. e Fals B. e 19 Stable air will rise to great heights and create . e 17 The wet adiabatic lapse rate is constant at . Tru A. e Fals B. Tru A. e 18 Sleet is formed when rain drops fall through a freezing layer and produce . Tru A. e 20 Air pollutants can be from either human or natural . pellets of ice. water vapour. thunderstorms Tru A. e Fals B. Tru A. e . sources. e Fals B. 998. b. force Frictio C.9m D. Tru A. Tru A. condensation level. b 935.3 C. Fals e 1 Standard sea level atmospheric . mb. effect Pressure gradient B. above .2m A. e Fals B. 1045. 2 An air parcel in motion near the earth's surface is . affected by… Coriolis A. pressure is : 1013. e 22.6 B. n All of the D. e B.21 Air continues to cool above the lifting . The density of air depends on its temperature – warm air is less dense than cooler air. mb. patterns in the northern hemisphere. night winds blow from land to sea during B. in winter The continents are centres of high pressure B. counterclockwise. in winter The ocean surfaces are centres of low pressure in D. and D. summer . clockwise outward and B. in winter The ocean surfaces are centres of high pressure C.3 At the beach in the summer: . 4 The flow of air around a high pressure centre in the . winds blow from land to sea at A. inward and C. c. The continents are centres of low pressure A. northern hemisphere is: outward and A. the day both b. inward and D. counterclockwise. clockwise. 5 Which of the following is true of atmospheric pressure . the day pressure is greater over the land during C. isohyets oblique to C. km/hr. which blows: perpendicular to A. k drainage D. warm subtropical air. isotherms parallel to the D. over a mountain range and is common in the vicinity of the Rocky Mountains. wind 7 A geostrophic wind is an upper atmosphere wind . polar jet stream It follows the edges of the Rossby A. . wind. dry wind that is produced by the passage of air . isobars parallel to B.6 A warm. breeze chinoo C. It has wind speeds of 350 to 450 D. It forms along the boundary of cold polar air and C. breeze valley B. isobars 8 Which of the following statements is not true of the . It is an easterly flow of high velocity B. waves. is a: mountain A. Doldrums 12 Trade winds: . 11 The Trade Winds blow from: . basins the eastern sides of the ocean B. Latitudes the Polar High to the D. seasonally.9 Warm ocean currents are usually . equator a zone within the D. found on: both sides of the ocean A. Equatorial Low the Subtropical High to the B. basins 10 A monsoon is: . a westerly ocean current along the C. easterlies . the Subtropical High to the A. basins the western sides of the ocean C. Subtropical High the Polar High to the E. are A. Subpolar Low the Doldrums to the Horse C. heterosphere. hemisphere a flow of air that reverses direction B. a zone of low pressure in the northern A. the rising of cold water from the ocean depths in A. open water near the center of the earth's major oceans the rising of cold water from ocean depths near C. . Front flow from the Polar Front to the D. coastlines. Subtropical belts flow from the ITCZ to the E. and you are in the Northern Hemisphere the wind is blowing parallel to the isobars and you C. and you could be in either Hemisphere 14 Upwelling is:__________________ . are in the Northern Hemisphere the wind is blowing at right angles to the isobars B. and you are in the Southern Hemisphere the wind is blowing from your right to your left E. are in the Southern Hemisphere the wind is blowing at right angles to the isobars D. and an area of low pressure is to your right then: the wind is blowing parallel to the isobars and you A.are B. open water near the center of the earth's major oceans the rising of warm water from the ocean depths in B. coastlines the rising of warm water from ocean depths near D. Subtropical High 13 If the geostrophic wind is blowing into to your back . westerlies flow from the ITCZ to the Polar C. s Jet C. westerlies are referred to as: Hadley A. waves 16 Atmospheric pressure decreases with . Tru A. Tru A. heating of the atmosphere. e 18 Wind speed is measured by a . e Fals B. Streams The Polar D. wind vane. Front Rossby E. altitude Tru A.the development of eddies from ocean E. e . e 17 Pressure gradients develop because of unequal . e Fals B. currents 15 Undulations in the westward flow of the upper-air . cells gyre B. Intertropical Convergence Zone. e 1. e Fals B. e 20 Most of the worlds great deserts are found in the . e Fals B. Tru A. e Fals B. e Fals B. Tru A. which commercial jet aircraft fly. and 65 degrees latitude. .Fals B. temperatures are cold but stable. Which of the following air masses would have the highest specific humidity? mE A. Tru A. e 19 The thermocline is a layer in the ocean in which . e 21 The highest clouds are located below the altitude at . Tru A. e 22 The subtropical jet stream is located between 35 . D. They tend to maintain their original characteristics D.mT B. . They reflect the characteristics of their source A. 3 At a warm front: . and c. cold air both b. cold air is advancing against B. correct. the cold front. 4 The occluded stage of a wave cyclone… . position and the underlying surface of their source regions. are D. cold air. . regions They are homogeneous in terms of temperature B. as they migrate from their source regions. C. and humidity They are classified on the basis of their latitudinal C. warm air warm air moves faster than C. moving warm front Occurs as soon as air begins to be uplifted along B. Occurs when the cold front overruns the slower A. cT mP 2 Which of the following is false regarding an air mass. . warm air is advancing against A. east 7 An easterly wave is a weather system that . e Thunderstor C. o 6 Wave Cyclones most commonly . North of 30° B. north east to C. 5 Which of the following is not a travelling .Is characteristic of an early stage of cyclone C. cyclone Hurrican B. warm front are distinctly separate. west west to D. m Tornad D. south south to B. development Occurs at the time when the cold front and the D. occurs… In all areas of the A. cyclone? Wave A. earth. travel from north to A. latitude . is produced by… The Hadley cell A. 9 The most devastating storm to occur in the United . Billis 10 Pole ward heat transport in the mid and high latitudes . mechanism . belt. areas? along the A. Andrew Hurricane B. latitude Over the D. States was… Hurricane A. pressure 10 to 20 degrees away from the C.Between 5°and 30° north and south C. Mitch Hurricane D. equator in the westerly wind D. equator in the subtropical belts of high B. Linda Hurricane C. circulation The Rossby wave B. equator 8 Hurricanes develop in which of the following . cE mE mA mA E. equatorial region would be designated by which of the following symbols? cP A. they may develop into C. masses. tropical storms. organization. or equatorial lows.The intertropical convergence C. They have an anticyclonic D. depressions is incorrect? They are weak low pressure A. 11 Which of the following statements concerning tropical . C. Air spirals inward at ground surface and E. zone mT and cT air D. of the following stages in the development of a wave cyclone? . 12 An air mass that forms over warm oceans from an . In some cases. D. then rises. A 13 The cold front overtakes the warm front during which . Their formation is associated with easterly waves B. B. troughs. Scale not describe with regard to hurricanes? rainfall A. to turbulence 15 Which of the following features does the Simpson-Safir . stable air associated with continental B. mountain regions Warm. d dissolving E.early A. intensity central C. interiors Cold front lifts a warm front leading to C. stage occlude D. A. turbulence Cold front lifts another cold front leading to D. alternating patches of stable and unstable air Warm dry front lifts a cool maritime front leading E. stage open B. to the development of tornadoes? Cool. stage 14 Which of the following conditions is most likely to lead . pressure . stable air associated with interior. amounts cyclone B. stage closed C. e Fals B. following cloud types would be first observe? Cumulonimb A. s Nimbostrat E. Australia. e Fals B. us Stratu B. Tru A. Tru A. speed 16 As a wave cyclone advances into a region which of the . us 17 A typhoon and a hurricane are identical in physical . e . structure and properties although they occur in different parts of the world. s Cumulu C. s Cirrus D. e 18 Tornados are most frequent and most violent in .storm D. surges mean wind E. e 20 Global temperatures have been rising over the past . 20 years.19 Travelling anticyclones are typically associated with . cloudy. Tru A. Tru A. thunderstorms Tru A. e Fals B. wet weather. e 23 A pool of warm. cyclone has dissolved. moist air remains aloft after a wave . e Fals B. e Fals B. Tru A. wave cyclone. e Fals B. it is referred to as occluded. e 21 Warm fronts often create severe . e 22 When a cold front has overtaken the warm front in a . e . Tru A. e Fals B. 2. B. D. B. C. degrees Celsius all year-round. Latitude A. A. Which of the following factors does not produce wet climates? The Intertropical Convergence Zone A. B.. D. . 4. Equatorial temperature regimes: Have no temperature seasons A. Trade-winds moving mT air onto continents Subsiding air in sub-tropical high pressure cells Orographic effects combined with the prevailing westerly winds.1. D. The most important basic control on temperature patterns is.. All of the above are true. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the tropical deserts precipitation region? They are located on the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. C. Maritime or continental location Distance from the sun Air masses 3. Have uniform insolation year round Have temperatures close to 27 C. mT and cT air masses. Located under the subtropical cells of high pressure. B. (10 inches) of precipitation annually They are located on the east coasts of continents. Which of the following is true of high latitude climates? They lie in the polar front zone. D. A. Tropical and polar air masses are in constant conflict. They are related to the global circulation patterns that produce the Intertropical B. C. The precipitation pattern experienced by Southern and Central California is… Uniformly distributed precipitation A. D. Precipitation maximum during the summer months.B. C. They receive less than 25 cm. B. . Not enough precipitation to measure. Precipitation maximum during the winter months. A. Wave cyclones move in an easterly direction through these climatic regions. 7. C. 5. Convergence Zone. Easterly waves are an important weather system. Which of the following is true of mid-latitude climates ? They are influenced by mE. D. 6. Dry subtropical climate Ice sheet climate Wet-dry climate . The dry climate type does not include the… Dry tropical climate A. High and low pressure systems. C. 10. D. D. None of the above are true. The Mediterranean climate is classed as a … Low latitude climate. C. Latitude Coreolis effect. B. A. Mid-latitude climate High latitude climate 9. B. The most important determinant of global precipitation patterns is… Air masses A.C. C. B. 8. They include the dry-subtropical climate. D. D. C.. C.. B. Monsoon and trade-wind coastal climate Wet-dry subtropical climate All of the above climates Only climates a and b above 13. B. The rainforest The grassland The desert .. Wet equatorial climate A.. E. The Intertropical Convergence Zone dominates all the low latitude climates except the. C. Wet equatorial climate A. The low latitude rainforest is associated with the. The native vegetation of the wet-dry tropical climate is… The savanna A. Monsoon and trade wind coastal climate Wet-dry tropical climate Dry subtropical climate 12.11. D. D. B. Tropical easterlies The Subtropical High Pressure Cells None of the above 17. D. The driest regions on earth are found in… The Sahara . D. C. D. A.Saudi Arabia – Iran – Thor Desert belt A. B. Daily temperature range is small. C. The smallest annual temperature cycle is found in the… Monsoon and trade-wind coastal climate. 15. Which of the following pressure and wind systems plays a large role in the Dry Tropical Climate? The Intertropical Convergence Zone A.14. B. . The Central Australian Desert The West coast of South America The Kalahari Desert of Southern Africa. C. It is found in the centre and east sides of the Subtropical High Pressure Cells The driest areas are near the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. A. Which of the following characteristics is not true of the dry tropical climate? Rainfall is very rare. 16. B. .B. The most important plant for human use harvested in the low latitude climates is. D. D. C. Coconut palm Bananas Taro 20. Receive rainfall produced by mT and mE air masses 19. Africa Asia . D. C. C. Wet equatorial climate Dry subtropical climate. B. Wet-dry tropical climate. Which continent does not experience the wet equatorial climate? South America A. B. B. Trade wind coasts… Are found along the western coasts of land masses A. Yams A. Are dominated year around by the Subtropical high pressure cells Are affected by monsoons. C. 18. C. The subtropical latitude zone The midlatitude zone The subarctic latitude zone.D. B. D. C. B. The mid-latitude climates are influenced by which of the following wind and pressure systems… Intertropical convergence zone and subtropical high pressure cells A. The midlatitude climates extend into all the following zones except… The tropical latitude zone A. Intertropical convergence zone and the trade wind belt. 22. Australia 21. C. Dry midlatitude Marine west coast Moist continental . D. Which of the following midlatitude climates has a winter precipitation maximum? Moist subtropical A. D. B. The trade wind belt and the subtropical high pressure cells Subtropical high pressure cells and the westerly winds 23. B. The flow of air out of the west sides of the sub tropical high pressure cells. C. C. . Southern Pine Forest Broadleaf evergreen forest All of the above.24. 26. D. B. D. The natural vegetation of the moist subtropical climate is… Broadleaf Deciduous Forest A. Cyclonic storms None of the above 25. The subtropical high pressure cells are not a significant factor in which of the following mid latitude climates. Moist Continental Climate Dry Subtropical Climate Dry Midlatitude Climate. B. D. C. The dominant source of precipitation in the moist subtropical climate is: The Intertropical convergence zone A. Mediterranian Climate A. 28. At the North Pole . Greenland A. Which of the following is not true of the Dry Midlatitude Climate? The largest expanse of Dry Midlatitude climate is in Eurasia. A. B. 29. Which of the following climates experiences the greatest annual temperature range? The boreal forest climate A. High latitude climates experience frequent wave cyclones along an arctic front Summer precipitation results from mT air masses interacting with polar air C. B. C. C. Most areas of this climatic type experience a rain shadow effect. B. This climate exhibits a large temperature range. A. The tundra climate The ice sheet climate 30. B. mP air masses dominate in winter. All of the above are true. Which of the following is true of High Latitude Climates? High latitude climates coincide with the westerly wind belt. D. The coldest temperatures on earth are found: At Eismitte. D. masses.27. E.C. Which of the following is not one of the five major climate groups? Microthermal A. Antarctica At the South Pole 31. D. Mesothermal Tropical Rainy Semiarid Polar 33. B. B. C. large areas of oceans high wind speeds high atmospheric pressures low atmospheric pressures 32. What does the “h” stand for in the climate classifications of BWh and BSh? humid A. At Vostok. B. C. E. Wet climates associated with equatorial regions are the result of: high temperatures A. D. hot . D. B. B. Which of the following classifications represents the Mediterranean climate type? Cfb A. E. taiga short grass prairie needleleaf trees broad leef trees . C. D. habitat hours of daylight highland 34. D. E. C. D. BSk BWk DWb CSa 35. E. Which of the following types of vegetation is associated with dry mid-latitude climates? sclerophylls A.C. B. In the moist subtropical climate. B. B. agricultural land-use patterns are very similar in both the United States and South East Asia. glaciers accumulate due to very high precipitation: True A.36. False 37. B. False 38. In the ice sheet climate. Soil fertility in valley and lowland areas of the Mediterranean climates is naturally high. False 40. The moist continental climate is only found in the northern hemisphere: True A. False . True A. False 39. True A. Average winter temperatures in the tundra climate are colder than average winter temperatures in the Boreal Forest Climate: True A. B. B. The greatest diversity of plant and animal species is found in the low latitude rainforest: True A. False . False 45. False 43. B. False 44. Soils of the low latitude rainforest have a low fertility for growing crops associated with modern agriculture: True A. In all of the low latitude climates. flash flooding is a serious hazard: True A. In desert climates. the precipitation maximum corresponds with the low sun season: True A. False 42. B. B. B. The highland climates of the low latitudes experience colder and drier climates than the climates of surrounding locations at low elevation: True A.41. Polar and Arctic Deserts receive little precipitation because the air is too cold to hold much moisture. B. The study of climates on a worldwide basis is based on temperature and precipitation. False 48. False . True A. The Ice Sheet climate is only found in Antarctica. B. False 50. B. False 47. True A.46. True A. True A. False 49. True A. B. The wettest precipitation region is the midlatitude west coast precipitation region. The monsoon and trade wind coastal climate is considered a low latitude climate. B. Those organisms in the food web that use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates are… primary producers A. B. Dry tropical climates are dominated by low pressures associated with the ITCZ. False 1. The isolines on a map describing average precipitation are referred to as isohyets True A. most are defined by precipitation-to-evaporation ratios True A. midlatitude forests . Of the five major climate groups. B. D. B. True A. B.51. C. False 52. primary consumers secondary consumers decomposers 2. The ecosystem with the highest average rates of net primary productivity is… agricultural land A. False 53. B. hydrogen. D. animal and soil respiration . An ecosystem is a(an) ________ system with respect to energy and a(an) _______ system with respect to matter. calcium and potassium. closed. D. fresh water swamps and marshes equatorial rainforest 3. carbon and oxygen. C. B. C. nitrogen. The three most abundant macronutrients are: oxygen. open open.C. calcium. closed 4. A. C. potassium. carbon and oxygen calcium. B. 5. D. Carbon enters the atmosphere from:… volcanic activity A. fossil fuel combination plant. open open. B. closed. closed A. Oxygen is removed from the atmosphere by… burning fossil fuels A. 6. Plant growth is determined by rates of respiration minus rates of photosynthesis. D. rates of photosynthesis only rates of respiration only . C. C. E. B. B. photosynthesis volcanic activity all of the above. all of the above only b and c above. B. D. C.D. Which of the following organisms would be at the top level of a food web in a salt marsh ecosystem? aquatic plants A. owls small fish blue heron 8. A. 7. Energy can be extracted from biomass by… burning plant materials A. B. D.D. ecological niche habitat biome . 9. C. An assemblage of organisms that live an a particular location and interact with each other is a(an)… community A. A climate with very low productivity of 0 to 100 kg. B. C. D. B. 11. rates of photosynthesis minus rates of respiration. D. mediterranean wet-dry tropical all of the above 10. anaerobic digestion to produce biogas conversion of agricultural wastes to alcohol all of the above. C. of carbon per square meter per year is… boreal forest A. time light all of the above. B. D. B. . C. D. The geographic boundary that marks the limit of potential distribution of a species is a… biome limit A. Which of the following is an edaphic factor important in differentiating habitat? soil texture A. epiphytes xerophytes hydrophytes 13. Plants that are adapted to drought conditions are… tropophytes A.12. D. geomorphic limit phyton bioclimatic frontier 14. B. C. C. Pioneer species are… well adapted to dry soil conditions. 18. secondary succession tertiary succession ecological succession. D. allelopathy parasitism herbivory 16. A. C. B. B. The phenomenon in which chemical toxins produced by one species serves to inhibit the growth of others is… predation A. B. . protocol-operation mutualism parasitism 17. D.15. D. Succession that occurs on a site that has been burnt in a forest fire is… primary succession A. C. C. The relationship between an epiphytic plant and the plants they live on is… commensalism A. E. B. C. The process by which species are differentiated and maintained is… recombination A.B. Humans have created species extinctions by: over hunting A. Detritus is associated with which of the following processes? decay A. a and b above 21. C. all of the above. D. able to withstand temperature extremes larger than other species that replace them. D. C. mutation speciation variation 20. . 19. E. B. all of the above a and b above. D. habitat alteration and fragmentation the use of fire. The amount of net carbohydrate remaining after respiration has broken down sufficient carbohydrate to power a plant is the: primary production A. E. E.B. day length upwelling light intensity temperature . D. E. B. B. C. C. net primary production biomass gross photosynthesis net photosynthesis 23. D. D. respiration metabolism net photosynthesis gross photosynthesis 22. C. Which of the following factors is responsible for higher productivities in marine coastal areas? rate of decomposition A. C. Which of the following cycles is responsible for moving elements that do not have a dominant gaseous phase? nitrogen cycle A. B. carbon monoxide hydrocarbons calcium carbonates carbohydrates 25. B.24. Algae floating at the surface of a freshwater pond would be said to occupy which level in a food chain? Producers A. E. Which of the following forms of carbon dominates it storage in organic matter? carbon dioxide A. oxygen cycle sedimentary cycle carbon cycle phosphorous cycle 26. D. B. C. First order consumers Second order consumers . E. C. D. C. C. become dormant in cooler time of the year hibernate in burrows or nests sweat to reduce temperature in hot weather seek shelter in winter to reduce fluctuations of temperature 28. Few plant and animal species are found in the equatorial rainforest: True A. D. Which of the following features does not characterize cold-blooded animals? active only in warmer times of the year A. B. E. B. symbiosis mutualism protocooperation herbivory 29. D. Third order consumers Decomposers 27. E.D. The positive interaction between individuals of different species whereby one species is benefited and the other is unaffected is known as: commensalism A. . E. B. False 30. Most animals are cold-blooded and lack a physiological mechanism for internal temperature regulation: True A. B. False 31. Scientist estimate there are 2 million species of plants on earth: True A. B. False 32. A cosmopolitan species is found in one location and no where else: True A. B. False 33. Human activity is rapidly decreasing the earth's biodiversity: True A. B. False 34. As light intensity increases, net photosynthesis constantly increases: True A. B. False 35. The carbon cycle is an example of a sedimentary biogeochemical cycle: True A. B. False 36. Normally there are 6 levels of consumers in a food web: True A. B. False 37. Duration of daylight is more important than light intensity for plant growth: True A. B. False 38. At present, nitrogen is accumulating in the life layer: True A. B. False 39. Although many different species may occupy the same habitat, only a few of these species will ever share the same ecological niche. True A. B. False 40. Sympatric speciation occurs where populations are geographically isolated and gene flow between the populations does not take place. True A. B. False 41. Net photosynthesis is the total amount of carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis before respiration breaks down the carbohydrate to power the plant True A. B. False 1. A woody perennial plant with several stems branching from a base near the soil surface is a tree A. B. C. D. shrub liana herb 2. The tree crowns of the _____________ tend to form two or three layers… low latitude rainforest A. B. C. D. monsoon forest montane forest subtropical evergreen forest. b anc c above. E. are found in moist continental climates include oak. Shrubs and trees that can survive the long summer drought of the Mediterranean climate are… sclerophylls A. Which of the following is not true of the Savanna Biome. C. C. E. maple and elm trees all of the above are true only b and c are true. chaparral cacti a and b above. 4. trees are closely spaced A. B.3. 5. Midlatitude deciduous forests… are evergreen A. B. D. C. D. fire is a frequent occurance the vegetation is described as rain green Savanna woodland has many similarities to the monsoon forest . B. D. D. tundra savanna desert . A vegetation type consisting of short grasses occurring in sparse clumps or bunches is steppe A. C. C. B. D. D. 8. E. E. B. short grass prairie semi-desert all of the above a and b above. Which of the following biomes is found at both high latitude and high elevation? grassland A. thorn-tree semi-desert dry desert All of the above b and c above.6. C. B. 7. Cacti are a natural vegetation type found in the… semi-desert A. C. grassland.9. forest. alpine meadow 10. herb annual liana . D. B. savanna woodland to short grass prairie to tall grass prairie to midlatitude D. desert shrub. midlatitude deciduous forest. tropical desert to sclerophyl forest to midlatitude deciduous forest. A natural vegetation transect from Nevada to Ohio along 40° latitude would gradually change from : short grass prairie to tundra to desert shrub to tall grass prairie. forest. alpine meadow. desert shrub. grassland. A. woodland. alpine meadow forest. is small in size and is fairly tender would be best described as a: perennial A. grassland. woodland. B. alpine meadow grassland. A. 11. woodland. A plant that lacks a woody stem. D. midlatitude desert and steppe to short grass prairie to tall grass prairie to C. C. The sequence of natural vegetation zones in the Colorado Plateau region of Northern Arizona in order of increasing elevation is… desert shrub. forest. desert shrub. B. woodland. deciduous forest. E. B. D. tree 12. Epiphytes characterize which of the following assemblages of vegetation? low-latitude rainforest A. Which of the following types of biome is represented in the regions with dry tropical climates? Subtropical needleleaf forest A. B. Which of the following biomes is characterized by xerophytes? forest A. tundra savanna desert monsoon 14. E. C. subtropical evergreen forest mid-latitude deciduous forest needleleaf forest coastal needleleaf forest 13. B.E. D. Thorntree – Tall Grass . C. E. False 17. the subtropical broadleaf everygreen forests Subtropical broadleaf evergreen forests does not usually have a well-developed E. B. A plant that attaches itself to the trunk. latitude forests C. How do subtropical broadleaf evergreen forests differ from low latitude forests? Low latitude rainforests have generally taller trees than in subtropical broadleaf A. Low latitude rainforest trees normally have larger leaves Low latitude rainforests normally have a canopy that is more dense than that of D. Much of the land surface in the midlatitudes still supports natural vegetation: True A.C. evergreen forests Subtropical broadleaf evergreen forests normally have fewer species than low B. D. branches or foliage of a tree or liana is an epiphyte: True A. Tall grass Prairie Boreal woodland Sclerophyll forest 15. 16. False . B. lower layer of vegetation. Soils that contain abundant amounts of humus are __________ in color… yellow A. False 20. Low latitude rainforest never occurs where there is a dry season. The dry desert has no visible plant cover at all: True A. red ash grey black . B. B. False 21. True A. The boundaries of vegetation zones are usually abrupt: True A. B. B. D. Many areas of needleleaf forest consist of only 1 or 2 species: True A. C. False 19.18. False 1. B. D.0 8.2. D.0 4. B. D. . clay loam loam clay 5. Water vapour loss to plants under ideal conditions is… transpiration A.0 7. C. colloids clay silt 3. C. C. B. B. sand A. Available water capacity is greatest in __________soils. The smallest sized soil particles are… sand A. 6.0 A. A strongly acid soil would have a pH of… 5. Soils that form in semi-arid and sub-humid grasslands are classified as… mollisols A. alfisols . Illuviation takes place predominantly in the ______ soil horizon. B. D. leaching translocation transformation 8. E B C 7. C. The decomposition of organic matter to form humus is the result of a soil forming process called… soil enrichment A. B. D. C. evaporation evapotranspiration potential evapotranspiration 6. D. C. B. A A.B. D. D. inceptisols spodosols oxisols 10. C. C. The proportion of sand. Which of the following soils is found in low latitude regions? histosols A. D. soil configuration soil enrichment soil structure . silt and clay in a soil is referred to as the: soil profile A. D. B. C. andesol oxisols ultisols 11.C. vertisols oxisols 9. B. A soil in which more than half of the parent mineral matter is volcanic ash: entisols A. B. oxisol . soil texture 12. A. C O. Which of the following soils would you expect to find in a constantly changing environment such as floodplain? inceptisol A. E. inceptisol aridisol andisol histosol 14. B. O. B. Ustolls are a particular type of which of the following soils? mollisol A. B. B. C. C 13. E. C. B. B. B A. B. A. E. E. D. A. Which of the following describes the order of soil horizons from the surface downwards? A. E. O. C. C O. A. C O. E. D.E. E. D.C. False 17. The soil consists of matter in solid. liquid and gaseous forms: True A. Which of the following soil has a very high content of organic matter in a thick. C. E. B. Soils with high base status generally have low fertility: True A. entisol aridisol andisol histosol 16. dark upper layer? vertisol A. False . E. B. histosol ultisol spodosol 15. D. B. Soil texture refers to the amounts of sand. False 21. False 22. hot climates. Argillic horizons are characteristic of oxisols. clay and organic matter contained in a soil: True A. the soil is of low base status and is generally less fertile. B. silt. False 20. In moist. B. B. alfisols and mollisols. False 19. True A. True A. False . rates of decomposition are so rapid that very little organic matter is present in the soil: True A. B. If clay minerals can hold abundant base ions. Soils that form under forest vegetation tend to be acidic: True A.18. B.