03 Valley of Flowers

Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt BeltExecutive Summary DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MASTER PLAN FOR ECO-TOURISM IN VALLEY OF FLOWERS-HEMKUNT BELT FINAL REPORT March 2005 TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED TULSI-GANGA COMPLEX 19-C, VIDHAN SABHA MARG LUCKNOW - 226001 INDIA Tel.: 91-522-2237472 Fax: 91-522-2237445 ES-1 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary TABLE OF CONTENTS Sr. No. Abbreviations List of Tables List of Exhibits Executive Summary 1 Introduction Title Page No. i vii viii ES-1 1-1 1-1 1-3 1-4 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-2 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-12 2-13 2-17 2-21 2-22 2-22 2-23 2-24 1.1 Background 1.2 Scope and Terms of Reference (TOR) 1.3 Structure of the Draft Report 2 Tourism Development – A Situational Analysis 2.1.1 2.1.2 Valley of Flowers Hemkunt Sahib 2.1 Valley of Flowers National Park - Hemkunt Belt 2.2 Location & Setting 2.3 Climate 2.4 Accessibility 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 Airfield Railhead Roads Trek Trails 2.5 Geology & Soil 2.6 Inventory of Flora 2.6.1 Distribution of Vegetation in VOFNP by Alpine Zones 2.6.2 2.6.3 Endangered & Medicinal Plants Flora around Hemkunt Belt 2.7 Inventory of Fauna 2.8 Local Human Settlements & Activities 2.8.1 Tourism-based Economy ES-2 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary Sr. No. 2.8.2 2.8.3 Agro-based Economy Fuel Type & Usage Title Page No. 2-27 2-29 2-30 2-32 2-34 2-34 2-34 2-37 2-39 2-41 2-42 2-43 2-45 2-46 2-47 2-47 2-48 2-54 2-55 3-1 3-1 3-1 3-2 3-2 3-2 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-4 3-5 2.9 Current Tourist Circuits & Routes 2.10 Tourists/Visitors Arrival 2.11 Tourist Infrastructure 2.11.1 Transportation 2.11.2 Guides, Porters, Mule, & Palki Services 2.11.3 Accommodation & Food Arrangements 2.11.4 Solid Waste Management System 2.11.5 Water Supply System 2.11.6 Sewerage Disposal System & Toilets 2.11.7 Electricity Supply System 2.11.8 Telecommunication 2.11.9 Health Care Facilities 2.11.10 Veterinary Hospital /Clinic 2.11.11 Security Infrastructure 2.11.12 Management Regulations for Access and Facilities for National Park 2.12 Disaster Management Plan 2.13 Land-use 3 Environmental Impact of Tourism 3.1.1 Methodology Adopted in the Study 3.1 Introduction 3.1.2 Selection of the Sites for Ecological Sampling 3.2 Identification of Stress Areas 3.2.1 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 Stress mainly due to Environmental Specificity Stress due to Environment Concerns Stress due to Management Concerns Mitigation of Stress 3.2.2 Stress due to pressure on Specific Points 3.3 Identification of Ecological Parameters & Impact of Tourism: Current scenario ES-3 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary Sr. No. 3.3.1 Route and its ecology 3.3.2 Tourism & Trekking 3.3.3 Local Initiatives 3.3.4 Title Page No. 3-5 3-6 3-7 3-7 3-8 3-8 3-13 3-13 3-17 3-20 3-22 3-24 3-27 3-28 3-29 3-30 3-30 3-31 3-32 3-34 4-1 4-1 4-6 4-7 4-8 4-8 4-9 4-9 4-11 5-1 5-1 Sanitation and Ecological Concerns: Limiting Factors 3.3.5 Number of Tourists 3.3.6 Pollution Status 3.4 Identification of Ecological Factors Affecting the Area 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4 3.4.5 3.4.6 3.4.7 Environmental Issues Biodiversity Issues & Conservation Strategy Conservation Status Pollution Issues Flora and Fauna Water Management Solid Waste Management 3.4.8 Carrying Capacity 3.4.9 Tourist Vista Points 3.4.10 Health of Animals 3.4.11 Capacity Building 3.4.12 Developmental Issues 3.4.13 Hazard Mitigation Plan & Safety Measures 4 Eco-Tourism Development Strategy 4.1 Emerging Issues 4.2 The Development Considerations 4.2.1 Conservation of the Environment 4.2.2 Boost to the Economy 4.3.3 Unique Selling Proposition 4.4.4 Quality Experience 4.3 Development Strategy 4.4 Objectives and Management of NDBR & VOFNP 5 Environmental Management Plan 5.1 Environmental Management Plan – An Overview ES-4 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary Sr. No. 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 Objectives of EMP Methodology Title Page No. 5-1 5-2 5-3 5-3 5-4 5-7 5-10 5-11 5-24 5-28 5-29 5-34 5-35 5-37 6-1 6-1 6-2 6-4 6-13 6-15 6-15 6-18 6-24 6-24 6-24 6-27 6-34 6-34 6-37 5.2 EMP for Spatial Development EMP for Land Management EMP for Built-up EMP for Construction of Roads / Parking / Trek Paths/ Ropeway 5.3 EMP for Products and Services 5.4 EMP for Waste Management 5.5 EMP for Water & Waste Water 5.6 EMP for Sanitation 5.7 EMP for Energy 5.8 EMP for Air & Noise Management 5.9 Environmental Orientation 5.10 Environment Monitoring 6 Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Development Plan 6.1 Sustainiable Development and Carrying Capacity Concepts – Minimisation of Impacts 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.4.1 6.4.2 Factors influencing Carrying Capacity Valley of Flowers Hemkunt Conservation Plan for the Valley of Flowers Development Measures Conservation Plan for the Hemkunt Region Development Proposals for Ghangharia-Hemkunt Route & Hemkunt Tourist Amenities Capacity Building Monitoring 6.2 Valley of Flowers Management Plan 6.3 Hemkunt Development Plan 6.4 Management/Institutional Measures ES-5 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary Sr. No. 6.4.3 7 Title Sensitisation of Tourists & Visitor Information Service Page No. 6-38 7-1 7-1 7-1 7-4 7-5 7-6 7-6 7-7 7-8 7-8 7-9 7-9 7-10 7-11 7-12 7-12 7-13 7-13 7-14 7-15 7-16 7-16 7-17 7-17 7-18 7-19 7-19 7-20 7-21 7-21 Development Proposals at Base Settlements 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.1.4 7.1.5 7.1.6 7.1.7 7.1.8 7.1.9 Accommodation Refreshment Stalls Commercial Establishments Information Services Recreational Facilities Other Tourist Facilitation Tourist Safety Health Care Facility Mule Sheds, Cheap accommodation, Fodder and Food Arrangements 7.1 Development Plan for Ghangharia 7.1.10 Veterinary Clinic 7.1.11 Pathways / Other Accessibility 7.1.12 Water Supply 7.1.13 Sewerage Disposal System & Toilets 7.1.14 Electricity Supply 7.1.15 Telecommunications 7.1.16 Solid Waste Management 7.2 Development Plan for Govind Ghat 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.2.5 7.2.6 7.2.7 7.2.8 7.2.9 Roads & Pathways Water Supply Sewerage Disposal System & Toilets Telecommunications Solid Waste Management Accommodation Refreshment Stalls Commercial Establishments Information Services 7.2.10 Other Tourist Facilitation 7.2.11 Tourist Safety ES-6 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary Sr. No. 7.2.12 Health Care Facility Title Page No. 7-22 7-22 7-23 8-1 8-1 8-1 8-1 8-7 8-11 8-13 8-15 8-20 8-20 8-22 8-23 8-24 8-24 8-25 8-25 8-26 8-27 8-27 8-28 8-28 8-30 8-31 8-32 8-34 8-35 7.2.13 Mule Sheds, Cheap accommodation, Fodder and Food Arrangements 7.2.14 Veterinary Clinic 8 Development Plan for Facilities Enroute 8.1.1 8.1.2 8.1.3 8.1.4 8.1.5 8.1.6 8.2 Key Transportation Issues Parking Extension of Motorable Road Anticipated Impact of Extending a Motorable Road to Pulna Trek Path Installation of Ropeway from Govind Ghat to Kanjila (near Ghangharia) Amenity Cluster Solid Waste Collection & Disposal Toilets Enroute Mule Shed Signages Water Supply Electricity Supply Telecommunications Sewerage Disposal System & Toilets Health Care Facility 8.1 Transportation Proposals: Govind Ghat to Ghangharia Tourist Amenities 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.2.4 8.2.5 8.3.1 8.3.2 8.3.3 8.3.4 8.3.5 8.3 Physical Infrastructure Plan 8.4 Management Controls 8.5 Route till Govind Ghat 8.6 Tourist Circuit and Growth Centres Nearby 8.6.1 8.6.2 8.6.3 Badrinath Auli Ski Resort Kagbhushandi Lake Trek ES-7 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary Sr. No. 8.6.4 8.6.5 8.6.6 8.6.7 8.6.8 9 Khiron Valley Trek Khunt Khal Trek Pandukeshwar Joshimath Title Page No. 8-36 8-36 8-37 8-37 8-39 9-1 9-1 9-1 9-1 9-3 9-4 9-5 9-5 9-6 9-7 9-10 9-10 10-1 10-1 10-7 10-7 10-9 10-17 10-21 10-21 10-27 10-31 10-33 10-34 10-36 Other Destinations in Chamoli District Hazard Mitigation Plan 9.1.1 9.1.2 9.2.1 9.2.2 9.2.3 9.2.4 9.2.5 9.2.6 Need of an Emergency Response System in Project Area Potential Hazards Planning and Land Use Management Emergency Response Cell Warning Evacuation Institutional Responsibilities Biodiversity Risk Mitigation 9.1 Hazard Scenarios 9.2 Hazard Mitigation Plan and Emergency Response System 9.3 Community Participation 10 Implementation Plan 10.1 Investment and Phasing 10.2 External Assistance / Funding Modalities 10.2.1 Tourism: A tool for Socio-economic Development 10.2.2 Multilateral Funding Agencies 10.2.3 Funding Procedure 10.3 Institutional Framework and Roles & Responsibilities 10.3.1 Eco-Development Committee 10.3.2 Gurdwara Sri Hemkunt Sahib Management Trust 10.3.3 Trade Community 10.3.4 Mahila Mandal 10.3.5 Van Panchayat/Forest Council 10.3.6 Gram Sabha / Village Council ES-8 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary Sr. No. 10.3.7 Zilla Panchayat (ZP) Title Page No. 10-37 10-38 10-41 10-44 10-44 10-44 10-44 10-45 10-45 10-45 11-1 11-1 11-1 11-2 11-2 11-3 11-4 11-7 11-12 11-12 11-14 11-16 12-1 12-1 12-3 12-3 12-4 12-6 12-6 12-7 10.3.8 Department of Forests 10.3.9 Department of Tourism 10.3.10 Public Works Department 10.3.11 Jal Nigam and Jal Sansthan Departments 10.3.12 Electricity Departments 10.3.13 Department of Telecommunications 10.3.14 Department of Health 10.3.15 Department of Revenue 10.3.16 Role of NGOs 11 Community Benefits and HRD 11.1.1 Approach to Development 11.1.2 Community-based Tourism 11.2 Benefits to Local Communities 11.2.1 Current Situation 11.2.2 Direct Benefits 11.2.3 Indirect Benefits 11.3 HRD and Training 11.3.1 Current Human Resource Situation in the Region 11.3.2 Employment Opportunities in the Tourism Industry 11.3.3 Training – Approach 12 Visitor Management System 11.1 Community Participation 12.1 Components of Visitor Management System 12.2 Market Analysis 12.2.1 International Tourism 12.2.2 Domestic Tourism 12.3 Marketing and Promotion Strategy for Valley of Flowers Hemkunt Region 12.3.1 Strategic Planning 12.3.2 A Statement of Marketing Objectives ES-9 3.4.3 Maintenance and Training 12.3 Recommendations and Guidelines for Promotion Page No. No.4 Sustainable Visitor Management System Annexure A Annexure B Annexure C Annexure D ABBREVIATIONS no µg ADB APME BADP BBM BMZ Degrees Micro Gram Asian Development Bank Association of Plastics Manufacturers in Europe Border Area Development Programme Benefits-Based Management Bundesministerium fur wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (German Ministry of Economic Co-operation and Development) British Plastics Federation Border Roads Organization Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited Celsius Convention on Biodiversity Cement Concrete Compact Disc BPF BRO BSNL C CBD CC CD ES-10 .4 Proposed Visitor Management System 12.4.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary Sr. Title 12.4.1 Features of VMS 12. 12-7 12-10 12-14 12-14 12-18 12-19 A-1 B-1 C-1 D-1 12.2 Working of a Sustainable VMS 12.4. Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary CE CFC CFL Cl CIDA cm CPCB CPIA CRS cum CWLW CWR DANIDA Dev26 DFID DFO DM DoF DoH DoR DOT DoT DSS E EC EDC EDP EIA EMP EMS Chief Engineer Chloro-flouro Carbons Compact Fluorescent Light Chloride Ions Canadian International Development Agency Centimetre Central Pollution Control Board Canadian Plastics Industry Association Computerized Reservation System Cubic meter Chief Wild Life Warden Clear Water Reservoir Danish Agency for Development Assistance Water Sample taken from Dev Mangri Garh Department for International Development Divisional Forest Officer District Magistrate Department of Environment & Forests Department of Health Department of Revenue Department of Telecommunications Department of Tourism Decision Support System East Electrical Conductivity Eco-Development Committee Entrepreneur Development Programme Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Management Plan Environmental Management System ES-11 . HNB HRD HSC HST HW-1 IBRD IC ES-12 .K. GAIA GDP GEF GI gm GMOU GMVN GNP GoI GOS GPS GS GTZ Emergency Response Cell Emergency Response System Flouride Foreign Fibre Reinforced Plastic Foot / Feet Global Anti-Incinerator Alliance Gross Domestic Product Global Environment Facility Galvanized Iron Gram Garhwal Motor Operators Union Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam Limited Gross National Product Government of India Government Officials Global Positioning System Gram Sabha Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH (A German government-owned corporation for international cooperation with worldwide operations) Hectare Hemkunt (water samples) Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University Human Resource Development Higher Secondary Course Gurdwara Sri Hemkunt Sahib Management Trust Hemkunt site #1 (from the point where people take bath) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Indian Collection Number ha H.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary ERC ERS Fl FOR FRP ft. Government of India Milli simmons ES-13 .Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary IDA IFC ILO IND IPR IS ISV ITBP IUCN JBIC JFM JN JS K kg km KVA LAC LAN LG/LXG LMS LS m MBC MBO MIGA MIS MNES MoT Ms International Development Association International Finance Corporation International Labour Organization Indian Intellectual Property Rights Indian Standards Information System for Visitors Indo-Tibetan Border Police The World Conservation Union Japan Bank for International Cooperation Joint Forest Management Jal Nigam Jal Sansathan Potassium Kilogram Kilometer Kilo Volt Ampere Limits of Acceptable Change Local Area Network Lakshman Ganga (water samples) Sri Lokpal Lakshman Mandir Samiti Lump Sum Meter Microbial Biomass Management by Objectives Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Management Information System Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources Ministry of Tourism and Culture. Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary MS MSL N NA Na NaOH NBPGR NBRI NCC NDBR NGO NGT NH3 NO3 No. Australia Potential of Hydrogen Ion Pawan Hans Helicopters Ltd. NORAD NOx PACIA pH PHHL PI/PVT PO4 ppm PPT PR PV PWD RCC RDB RMS Mild Steel Mean Sea Level North Not Available Sodium Sodium Hydroxide National Bureau of Plant Genetics Resources National Botanical Research Institute National Cadet Corps. Private Investment / Private Sector Phosphate Parts per Million Pro-Poor Tourism Public Relations Photovoltaics State Public Works Department Reinforced Cement Concrete Red Data Book Resource Management System ES-14 . Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve Non-Governmental Organization Nominal Group Technique Ammonia Nitrate Number (s) Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation Nitrogen Oxides Plastics and Chemical Industries Association. Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary ROW SDS SEB SHG SIDA SoI SOx SPI sqkm STOP TCS TIES TMIS TOR TSPM TW UDEC UNED-UK UNDP UNEP UNESCO UNFPA UNICEF UP UREDA USAID UTDB VERP VIM VOC Right of Way Students on Research State Electricity Board Self Help Group Swedish International Development Agency Survey of India Sulphur Oxides The Society of Plastics Industry. USA Square Kilometre Poverty Strategies Initiative & Strategies to Overcome Poverty Tata Consultancy Services The International Eco-tourism Society Tourism Management Information System Terms of Reference Total Suspended Particulate Matter Tap Water samples Uttaranchal Infrastructure Development Corporation United Nations Environment and Development UK Committee United Nations Development Programme United Nations Environment Programme United Nations Educational. Scientific and Cultural Organization United Nations Population Fund United Nations Children’s Fund Uttar Pradesh Uttaranchal Renewable Energy Development Agency United States Agency for International Development Uttaranchal Tourism Development Board Visitor Experience and Resource Protection Visitor Impact Management Volatile Organic Compounds ES-15 . Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary VOFNP WAN WB WHO WII WTO WTTC WWF YVDC ZP Valley of Flowers National Park Wide Area Network The World Bank World Health Organisation Wildlife Institute of India World Tourism Organization World Travel and Tourism Council World Wildlife Fund Youth Valley Development Committee Zilla Panchayat ES-16 . 1 2.3 11.3 3.1 10.2 2.5 3.2 10.6 4.1 10.1 5.6 2.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary LIST OF TABLES 2.8 3.5 2.7 2.1 12.3 2.1 3.2 3.1 Salient Details of Trek Trail Route Some the major species of plants/flowers and their period of bloom in Valley of Flowers National Park Current Tourist Circuits and Routes Tourist Arrival figures in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt in past one decade Rates fixed for Hiring Mules/Porters/Palkies Existing Accommodation Capacity Entry Fee Structure for Valley of Flowers Land-use Break-up at Ghangharia Chemical Analysis of Soil Samples Chemical Analysis of Water Samples from various Sites Primary Water Quality Criteria for designated Best Use Classes Total Bacterial Counts from Water Samples of various Sites Total Bacterial Counts from Soil Samples of various Sites Standards for Air Quality Major Emerging Issues in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt An indicative list of Plastic Waste that can be incinerated at Govind Ghat/ to be Recycled Summary of New Proposals Summary of Existing Planned Works An Example of Tourism Multipliers Areas of Training Growth of Domestic Tourist Visitation in Valley of FlowersHemkunt ES-17 .4 3.4 2. 3 12.1 2.1 12. which blooms especially with a riot of numerable ES-18 .Hemkunt Region Flower Composition Pattern at Valley of Flowers Vegetation & Habitat Types in Valley of Flowers National Park Landuse at Ghangharia Settlement Limits of Acceptable Change Model Indicative Trek Path Alignment from Govind Ghat to Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Sahib Growth Centres near Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Tourist Destinations in Chamoli District.2 10. RMS and TMIS in a Visitor Management System Working of Sustainable Visitor Management System EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 8.5 12.2 2.3 11.6 Map Showing Route to Valley of Flowers.1 11.4 4.2 12.3 10.1 8.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary LIST OF EXHIBITS 2. Uttaranchal.3 2.1 10.4 12. INTRODUCTION Valley of Flowers is also known in Hindu mythology as Nandan Kanan meaning “Garden of Indra in Paradise”.2 8. India ADB Loans to India Multilateral Funding Agencies and Sectors Funded Funding Procedure adopted by Funding Agencies Flow of Tourism Spending in the Economy Approach for Training Local People Positions and Composition of Visitor Management System Trend of Growth of Foreign Tourists in Valley of FlowersHemkunt Domestic Tourism Growth in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Schematic Diagram of a Visitor Management System Working of ISV.2 12. The sacred shrine of Hemkunt Sahib was discovered in 1934 by Sant Sohan Singh in remembrance and prayer to see the place where their tenth guru. grazing and camping is not permitted in the same.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary flowers and flora of variety of species and colours apart from alpine meadows. and Ghangharia – the tourist base settlement in the upper valley. 1982. forests. which is spread across an area of 5860. Hemkunt region is better known for magnificent Sikh shrine Hemkunt Sahib on the banks of Hemkunt Sarovar. Accessibility Nearest airfield are the Jolly Grant Airfield at Dehradun. The main valley portion of the Park runs in the east west direction along the banks of river Pushpawati. the intention having been declared under Notification No. It is believed that Lord Hanuman picked Sanjeevani Buti from this region for treating the wounds of Lakshman.329 meters. However. Guru Govind Singh meditated and realised his oneness with God along the banks of Hemkunt. has engaged Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) Limited to prepare the Master Plan for Development of EcoTourism in Valley of Flowers – Hemkunt Belt of Chamoli District. Background of Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Region Located in the Chamoli district of the State of Uttaranchal. Lakshman / Hem Ganga stream issues from the Hemkunt Sarovar. and sparse but special Himalayan wild fauna. Government of India (GoI). A small Gurdwara was developed in 1935-36 (including enlarging the ancient Hindu “Lokpal” temple) and later in 1968 the construction for the present Gurdwara began which got completed in 1993. which later meets river Pushpawati near Ghangharia and further flows as Bhyundar Ganga to join the river Alaknanda at Govind Ghat. Uttaranchal. 5795/XIV-3-66-80 of 1 January 1981. along the motorable route till the Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt Sahib via the village settlements of Pulna and Bhyundar. services and infrastructure along the trek path route starting from Govind Ghat – the last settlement accessible by road at the base. Pawan Hans ES-19 . Hemkunt Shrines are one of the highest temples in India. The Department of Tourism (DoT). which has no regular flights to Dehradun at present and a small airstrip that has come up at Gauchar (111 km by road before Govind Ghat). 2. which too is yet to be operational. Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt area are amongst the nine zones or part of the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve (NDBR) in Himalayas.50 sqkm and altitude range being from about 3200 m to 6700 m above MSL. The Government of Uttar Pradesh (as Chamoli district was earlier in Uttar Pradesh) created “The Valley of Flowers National Park” as per Notification No. Located at an altitude of 4. After notification of the Park. There is a Helipad near Ghangharia base settlement at Kanjila attached to the local Army unit. ASSESSMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES The consultants studied the current state of various facilities. 4278/XIV-3-66-80 with effect from September 6. The Valley of Flowers is located at Latitude 30o 41’ – 30o 48’N and Longitude 79o 33’ – 70o 46’E with the VOFNP area being 87. and for which nearly four lakhs tourists/visitors arrived in the 2003 tourist season. A little known Hindu Temple ‘Lokpal’ dedicated to Lakshman exists here.69 sqkm. Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary Helicopters Limited has plans to operate helicopter services from next tourist season (May/Jun 2004) onwards in this region subject to permission from appropriate authorities. from the Army Helipad at Joshimath/Airstrip at Gauchar. Nearest rail links are broad guage railheads at Rishikesh (about 271 km) and Haridwar railhead at a distance of about 295 km by road from Govind Ghat. except at Valley of Flowers where mules are not permitted. or that for Hemkunt Sahib. The ascent to the Valley of Flowers (16 km) Hemkunt Sahib (19km) by trek begins from Govind Ghat (1828 m). Transport modes of private taxis (car/jeep type). Though the electricity supply system (poles and wire assembly) through grid connectivity continues till Ghangharia. Night Stay is not permitted at Valley of Flowers being a National Park and Hemkunt Sahib due to low level of oxygen/acclimatisation issues for visitors. Accommodation Accommodation for tourist is available at Govind Ghat in few private lodges and mainly in Gurdwara. Thereafter. Overall the accommodation facilities lack proper hospitality standards and essential services like heater. on the trek route Ghangharia is the only base settlement with private hotel/lodge accommodation. it is in damaged state at avalanche prone areas and this supply is not available after Pulna either at Bhyundar or till Ghangharia. State road transport buses and GMOU private buses is available till Govind Ghat. charter buses. one has to either trek or take the services of Mule Operators/Porters/Palki or Dandi Carriers to visit the Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt destinations. Though Zilla Panchayat fixes the rates for trek transportation services. The grade of trek trail for Valley of Flowers is relatively easy (and much narrower) compared to trek stretches like from Bhyundar to Ghangharia. next village is Bhyundar (2239 m) at nearly 9 km point. which are much steeper. Ghangharia is dependent on ES-20 . Gurdwaras are the largest provider of free accommodation and food in this region. sufficient electricity supply etc and need to be spruced up to a large extent. A little after Ghangharia the trek path bifurcates on the left to Valley of Flowers (3658 m) to a distance of another 3 km from where the main valley starts. FRH and GMVN TRH. Electricity Supply Electricity supply is available through grid at Govind Ghat and till Pulna. From Govind Ghat first village enroute is Pulna (1920 m) after a distance of nearly 3 km. while the other path continues to Hemkunt Sahib (4329 m) at a distance of another 6 km from Ghangharia. still the rates were observed to be negotiable. that is maintained by the BRO and which is normally 5 m wide and is in good condition. and Govind Dham Gurdwara accommodation for tourists. Govind Ghat can be reached by Haridwar/Rishikesh-Badrinath road. While. and the main settlement for tourist stay is at Ghangharia (3048 m) at nearly 13 km point. the connectivity and performance of the telecom infrastructure is found to be erratic at times.58 sq. more waste is still littered at many places. and Govind Ghat.km area of the Valley of Flowers National Park. Such waste was observed to find its way into Lakshman/Hem Ganga at Hemkunt Sahib and in river Alaknanda at Govind Ghat.30%) While at Hemkunt complex. but also uses diesel generators (which may add to some pollution) and burns wood for heating the visitor space. Solid Waste Management Non-biodegradable solid waste is collected by EDC cleaning staff in sacks and brought down on mules from trek route to Govind Ghat and is currently piled up (more than 4000 sacks of waste accumulated over the years).63 sq. However. Satellite Imagery data reports following break-up: 63. Pulna has connectivity to telephones but has no Local Call/STD/ISD PCO booth. ES-21 . Pulna. or still to be brought down from Hemkunt Sahib. Sewerage Disposal System The sewerage system is still through open drains /disposed using soak pits at all the settlements of Govind Ghat. No system is available for collection or disposal of mule excreta (urine and dung) enroute the trek path and at Ghangharia and Govind Ghat as well.km under Forests (6. Gurdwara has its own 15 KW micro-hydel plant. Ghangharia. At Ghangharia a Satellite Telephone Exchange exists.km under perpetual Snow and Glaciers (72. Water Supply The predominant water sources are local streams (Garh). Treatment facilities are not available and Clear Water Reservoirs for storage are available only at Bhyundar and Pulna. Communication Facilities Local Call/STD/ISD PCO booths are available in limited number at Govind Ghat and Ghangharia only. However.5 ha.50 sq. with no disposal undertaken in this season (2003-2004).29 sq. Similarly at Hemkunt Sahib. At Hemkunt Sahib and Govind Ghat the stream of Lakshman/Hem Ganga and river Alaknanda get polluted to some extent when mixed with sewerage and solid waste components. Ghangharia. Bhyundar. The Land-use of the VOFNP & Hemkunt Area Of the 87.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary insufficient supply from the local micro-hydel plant (2x50KW) and lot of establishments also depend on diesel/kerosene generators (which may add to some pollution). Bhyundar and Hemkunt Sahib also do not have telephone connectivity. In any emergencies along the trek path wireless facility with nearest Department of Forest staff may be availed. total somewhat levelled land including and around both the shrines/related facilities would hardly be a total of around 2-2. Bio-degradable solid waste including kitchen/utensil wash waste is observed to be dumped in rock-pits or open land behind establishments at Hemkunt Sahib.66%) 05. and also at Hemkunt Sahib. Formal water supply system of Jal Sansthan is not yet complete/operational and it’s the temporary system connected to Lakshman / Hem Ganga stream which is laid by local establishment owners on which the Ghangharia settlement is dependent.04%) 18.km under Alpine Meadows (21. Identification of Stress Areas The stress areas have been identified and rated in terms of priority.3 2. Pulna.302 2. However.4 100. Ghangharia. like community toilets. Department of Revenue Joshimath has conducted a survey of the land holdings in Nov. of Units / Establishments 1 1 1 3 1 1 45 53 Area (Ha) Percentage Break-up 8. as per the requirements of the Forest (Conservation) Act. 4-5.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary The Land-use at Ghangharia The development at Ghangharia has happened in a haphazard manner over a period of more than past three decades. 11. Hemkunt and ten points enroute.638 ha (area of current developed land under encroachment) has mostly happened in a linear fashion along the trek path within Ghangharia settlement. land to provide some future proposals with temporary tin slope roof structures. 13-14. Medical Clinic.0 3 46 15 6.4 4. The development in about 2.638 There are 10 more plots surveyed (survey No. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF TOURISM Selection of the Sites for Ecological Sampling The sites selected for ecological sampling (water. Veterinary Clinic.5 49. 7-10. 54 to 62) as encroachment spread over 0. 47-53 0.5 10. mule sheds. of Forest Land GMVN Land UREDA Land Gurdwara Land Other Commercial Establishments Total Survey No. This survey map was in the draft state at the time of this study. 44. up 3.5 23. but were reported not to be considered for regularisation. etc. 16-42. air) were in settlements at Bhyundar. The causes and dimensions of identification of stress are: Stress mainly due to Environmental Specificity 1. 3. EDC Store-sum-Education Centre-cumDisaster Relief Shelter. 1980. protection Sensitivity of the eco-region in terms of biodiversity Biodiversity loss or disturbance in the biodiversity set Disturbances in the ecosystem due to tourism Uniqueness of biodiversity in the region and need for its ES-22 . Land Vacant Land Trek Path Dept. Category State Govt. 2. 4. microbial.620 1. Valley of Flowers (four sites in Valley of Flowers). cheap dormitory for labour.220 0.13 ha.063 0.273 0.3 1.120 0. 12 43 45 1-2. 2002 and has prepared a revenue map of Ghangharia settlement – a step towards the process of regularisation for diversion of land with forest cover.040 0. this land may be considered for regularisation and pooled/retrofitted with existing vacant Govt. soil. No. Ecological issues that have long term impact such as dominating species/weeds. Remoteness of the region where proper surveillance throughout the year is not possible Steepness of slopes prohibiting provision of broad roads or trek paths. Modifying the natural ecosystem to eco-tourism worthy ecosystem on scientific and sustainable ES-23 . and empowerment of locals to benefit from the eco-tourism. Degradable organic waste. Utilising the Gurdwara’s influence on the devotees. Hemkunt Sahib site is an attraction for religious sentiments and hence is under greater stress in terms of tourists. Degradable human excreta. Risky paths. risk of pollution including odour pollution Health hazard to the tourists and the locals due to contaminated water. and promoting horticulture in the lower belts to support population and tourism. treks. current storage and supply is a stress area. animals etc. Water availability through stream source is not a problem. any factor that may become deterrent to tourism Disposal of waste is a major stress area. there is an added attraction to steal these from this region due to good market available for these resources. agro biodiversity of the region. Limited number of tourists to Valley of Flowers compared to the importance of the area. waste dump sites. 12. 17. Stress due to Management Concerns 14. 11. 16. locals. This waste includes Degradable mule excreta. Non-degradable plastic & other waste Ecological disturbance due to the large number of visitors.. Mitigation of Stress The management of tourism and tourists is addressed in terms of fragility of biodiversity. 6. other forms of pollution Excessive use of mules in a specified path or region Visual annoyance to the tourists. 8. motor-able roads etc. sustainability of ecosystem. separate mule paths. however risk of water getting polluted due to improper collection. Abundance of medicinal plants that are either rare or in great demand. The thumb rule is nothing carried from outside is left in the park area and nothing is carried from park area to outside. variability in abundance and density of natural plants. Health of the tourist. Stress due to Environment Concerns 10.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary 5. 7. Environmental hazard to the local ecosystem. steep slopes prohibiting tourists to wander in the open. Since these plants are not available at other places. 13. 15. Stress due to pressure on Specific Points 9. waste left by the tourists. Formulation of Development Plans. ECO-TOURISM DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY The Tourism Development Strategy emphasises on: • developing Valley of Flowers. ES-24 . Limits of Acceptable Change Model: Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) model has been adopted for sustainable development of the region. Formulating Circuits etc. Conservation of Cultural Heritage. Following norms of CBD. Categorisation of Areas & Ecocertification of Services. Standards for Maintenance of Environmental Balance. The sub components include Conservation of Environment. Conservation of the Environment Conservation is based on the principle that tourism needs to be sustainable. Biodiversity Act of India (2002). The following principles underpin the Tourism Strategy for Valley of Flowers.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary principals.Hemkunt region as outlined below. the issues identified to be addressed as crucial to the area in the Plan are: • Environmental Issues • Biodiversity Issues & Conservation Strategy • Conservation Status • Pollution Issues • Flora And Fauna • Water Management • Solid Waste Management • Carrying Capacity • Tourist Vista Points • Special Issues Such as Health of Animals • Capacity Building and Developmental Issues • Hazard Mitigation Plan & Safety Measures 4. and Plants varieties and Farmers Rights Act of India (2001) etc Identification of Ecological Factors Affecting the Area After detailed analysis and tests.Hemkunt region in a sustainable manner • developing quality tourism to ensure the overall development of the region. EMP for Spatial Development Spatial Management is a critical area in ensuring sustainable environment management. The master plan also includes awareness creation among the visitors and the host community. etc. and re-assembled just before June when the tourism begins. Ghangharia and Govind Ghat. hence there is a need for a structured and institutionalised Environment Management Plan so that the other 98% of the visitors could also be partners in the development of environment friendly tourism in the region. Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt region presents a unique scenario with highly sensitive and rich environment on one side and two distinct seasonal tourism attractions on the other.Hemkunt Sahib region. barring a few at Ghangharia (like toilets for labour community. Hierarchy of environmentally sensitive and development oriented sub regions is identified and environment management measures suggested specific to each sub region with respect to spatial development. The sub components include Market Positioning. every year. Boost to the Economy Tourism is meant to create employment for the locals.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary All the structures proposed at the cluster facilities should be temporary in nature and which should be dis-assembled and stored after the tourist season is over in early Oct. health care/veterinary clinic. Creation of a High-quality and Highly visible Product etc. This master plan is being developed and is planned to be implemented in collaboration with all the stakeholders in a participatory manner. The EMP for Spatial Development includes EMP for Land Management.Hemkunt region’s Tourism Development. Govind Ghat to Ghangharia. All these structures shall be painted in dark green (to blend with the environment). In the Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt region the management action points are proposed are Ban on sale of raincoats made of cheap plastics.). Ban on use of Cheap Plastic Bags etc. Hemkunt Sahib. A sustainable tourism master plan is critical to ensure overall environment improvement in the region. The 5 sub regions identified for specific strategies are Valley of Flowers. cheap dormitory accommodation. Only about 2% of the visitors to the region are hardcore environment lovers. Perspective Vision for Valley of Flowers. 5. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Environment Management Plan (EMP) is an action plan prepared to ensure that the recommendations for enhancing positive impacts and/or limiting or preventing negative environmental impacts are implemented during the life cycle of a project. Unique Selling Proposition Tourism is about uniqueness and attractiveness of the destination. EMP for Built-up and EMP for Construction of Roads/Parking/Trek Paths. EMP for Products and Services Environment management programme is proposed for purchasing environmentally preferable products and services as well. Creating a Quality Experience. EMP for Waste Management ES-25 . The Objectives and Management of NDBR & VOFNP also form the basis for the Tourism development strategy of Valley of Flowers. This suggests that it is not the number. The waste generated in the region is dealt with in the environment status review. Waste management follows the following hierarchy: Avoid. However. environment management initiatives are required to ensure that there will be no air related pollution in the region in future also. The details of options explored include Fluid carrying capacities. Monitoring water consumption. It is observed that maximum impact to environment was caused by the tourist’s behavioural pattern and lack of management controls and not based on the number of visitation. It is imperative to attract preferably only the high quality eco-tourists in the main valley per se. rationing system etc. VALLEY OF FLOWERS & HEMKUNT BELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN Carrying Capacity Carrying capacity is fundamental to environmental protection and sustainable development. Retrofit and Refurbishment Options and use of Bio-fuels. Managing water storage and distribution works. Maintenance or ‘Good Housekeeping’ Options. The criteria considered to arrive at the optimum number ES-26 . Reusing treated wastewater and Maintaining water supply quality. which will minimise the impacts in the Valley. EMP for Managing Indoor Air Quality and EMP for Noise Management In addition to these EMPs. Fixed carrying capacities. Urine from urinals may not be allowed to drain into rivers or natural ecosystem of the protected area but a system of its purification should be an in-built option. Repair. Reuse and Recycle. Reducing water use.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary Waste Management is one of the most critical areas in the total Environmental Management Plan. These include EMP for Emissions Control. The EMP for Energy include Power Saving Proposals on Power Sector. other important components are Environment Orientation and Environment Monitoring. The area currently available in VOFNP for tourists is very limited and all the components of this destination are precious. EMP for Air & Noise Management The ambient air quality is good in the project region. Reduce. Reducing wastewater output. 6. but it is the sensitisation of tourists and the local host community coupled with well-planned management measures within the Limits of Acceptable Change Framework. A spatio-temporal approach has been adopted to estimate the optimum number of tourists in VoF. EMP for Sanitation Sanitation is an important issue in the region. EMP for Energy The settlements/travel path in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt region face shortage of electricity. The provision and details of the environment friendly toilets and disposal system are part of the EMP. Solid Waste Management Plan as part of the various specific Development Plans and the EMP for Waste Management. in the present scenario. which affects. Purifying water. EMP for Water & Waste Water Water management in tourism facilities includes Maintaining water source. Less than 10 times load in this context would create pressure on the ecosystem. The overall conservation plan can be summarised as development of proper packages by studying the growth pattern of the dominating species in a season.5 acres this translates to a visitation limit of 100 persons/acre at any point in time). The Forest Department Personnel located at the VOFNP Entrance gate should take this into consideration before letting new groups in. Thus. for the available movable space of 0. the human load is calculated 10 times higher. the normal load impact per person in terms of space required in recreational mode is about 4 sqm and the same is proposed to be increased by 10 times factor* for the sensitive eco-system of Valley of Flowers. take off coat and spread arms.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary that can visit the VoF area in a season are Use Levels. It is recommended that grazing may not be allowed to address the issue of control of dominating species. VALLEY OF FLOWERS DEVELOPMENT PLAN Conservation Plan for the Valley of Flowers Flora and Fauna Conservation of threatened flora and fauna will also be one of the important aims of the project. A.6 ha or 6000 sqm in the main valley. with only dynamicity happening during very few months of summer-monsoon season. This accounts for the environmental and pollution loading of a person and more space requirement for enhanced visitor experience. Moreover. At such an ecosensitive place where movable space is very limited /to minimize any eco-disturbance due to human activities/impact beyond hazard management abilities over visitors during visitation. their seed behaviour and preparing appropriate packages of practices based on scientific observations.. However. this number has no meaning unless effective sensitisation is done (visitors shall be well informed that they have to remain on fixed path. any excess load flow per day shall be diverted from the main valley to the more resilient area of Germplasm Bank/ Shadow Garden/ Demonstration Nursery as proposed. The Acceptable Level of Impact etc.r. when visiting such eco-system. the number of persons limited for the visitation in the main valley at any point in time would be 150 persons (also due to movable space of just 1.t. At any given point in time. etc. yet which also has a relatively static environment of snow cover for most of the year. Recreation Opportunity. Transportation to reach the Site. Accordingly 40 sqm space per person factor has been adopted to derive the visitation limitation per day. ES-27 . DoF may ensure that this limit is not exceeded. * Normally a person takes nearly 4 sqm of space if he/her has to walk. Desired Resource Conditions. the behaviour expected from them w. and especially during the peak visitation periods. and at the sensitised per person load of 40 sqm. To maintain the present good quality of the environment with minimal levels of pollution load & ecological disturbance in the valley. and ensuring that they understand it very well and also are guided appropriately during visitation) and the tourists within the valley are quality environment lovers. the number of sensitised tourists inside the Valley should be limited to 150 persons at the rate of 100 persons per acre of the movable space. 5 km interval starting from the VOFNP entrance gate till the 3 km point at Bamani Dhaur. This garden / nursery could be named as Germplasm Bank of Endangered Species of VoF. without disturbing the main VoF. ES-28 .9 km point after Ghangharia. depicting the natural ecosystem keeping frequency. the measures include Joint Forest Management (JFM). which simulates species of Valley of Flowers at other sites. Where there are steep slopes. Essential Tourist Needs 4 Vista Points located at higher elevation/offering good view are proposed in the Valley of Flowers – one at 2 km point (near the small glacier) and three more in the main valley (two near the rock boulders and one around Ms.10 km distance after Ghangharia till the 2 km point in Valley of Flowers to ease the relatively steep trek in the initial stretch. dominance. Additional set of 2 uncovered benches is also proposed to be provided along the trek path at an interval of 0. Use of traditional knowledge. Awareness creation among the local people and other stakeholders. the deck of this bridge needs repair. will provide research data. Foliage that covers from both sides about 2/3rd of the already narrow path should be regularly pruned. will be an alternative site to visit (a more resilient site/area) for the less eco conscious/ general religious tourist and help understand population growth to the scientists/ecotourists. Legge’s grave.Gushadhar Garh. Also this new destination would handle greater visitors outreach in terms of general tourists to enjoy biodiversity. Bridge The river Pushpawati already has a permanent steel truss bridge at 0. etc. as close to natural one as possible. This will be an educational garden. Paths/Trail It is proposed to carry out maintenance and partly laying the paths in dry stone kharanja (RR masonry) over soil/bridle path within the Valley. with 4 steel benches – all painted in dark green (to blend with the environment) is proposed to be provided at every 0. Rain Shelter-cum-Rest Shed: Temporary sloped roof structures with steel truss frame and corrugated GI sheet roof/wall. Participative Conservation Local Community Participation is an integral part of conservation. Dev Mangri Garh and Bistoli Garh require folding bridges.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary Soil Conservation Measures The transition area needs to be developed with soil conservation measures to prevent soil erosion. The proposed garden should not have only the flowering plants planted as in an exhibition but planted along with the associated plants. it is proposed that railing – painted in dark green must be provided. Development Measures Germplasm Bank conservation) of Endangered Species of VoF (ex-situ It is proposed to develop up a demonstration nursery / shadow garden. Three other strong rivulets . associations etc. and which will be a good demonstration of the biodiversity of the Valley. Involvement of Local Community and EcoDevelopment Committee (EDC). for further high altitude species including Brahmakamal. HEMKUNT DEVELOPMENT PLAN Heritage Conservation & Landscape Proposals Hemkunt has an ancient temple dedicated to Lord Rama’s brother. bags. beverage bottles. The toilet should have water saver cistern. The Park will function based on “Visitor carries Waste” principle as adopted in many international level National Parks. Conservation of the Lokpal temple is an integral part of the plan. The visitor should be made aware of this in the introductory informatory session. carried by them.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary Toilet: Only one toilet (unisex) for urinal/WC use may be built at the first vista point near the glacier (which is half way through the valley trek) towards the upper hill slope. etc. These cages should be airy. As part of conservation measures. Lakshman that had been revered and visited by local people for long. Solid Waste Management No Waste Bins are proposed inside the Park. and would be susceptible to fire as discussed in Chapter 5 on Environment Management Plan). B. Any new structure in this area should come up for meeting the infrastructure gaps only and its architecture/design should appropriate with the climatic conditions. these would not be as airy. An EcoDeposit (Rs. 50/. should not spill. Note: All the structures proposed are temporary in nature (except the small plinth bases required for toilets) and would need to be assembled before every tourist season and disassembled & stored at Ghangharia after tourist season. and may be similar ones can be explored/developed locally too. This deposit will be given back to them once they return back and show that they are carrying back the waste. The siting of this toilet should be done in such a way that it is away from sensitive flora and also not in the way of good view of the Valley. Chemical toilets/Dry toilets are available in international markets. Hemkunt and Ghangharia-Hemkunt Route Development Proposals Planned Works ES-29 . Signages Signages will form an important part of the visitor experience enhancement and education. and neither should weather out in a season (plastic cages were not recommended due to the reason of these getting brittle in sun and may get damaged early. All the structures are to be painted in dark green on exteriors (to blend with the environment). Nature Interpretation signages and Standard Warning/Information Signage Board for Landslide prone areas/Glacier along trek path. another small garden / germplasm bank site (about 0. at the VOFNP entrance gate.or as decided by the Department of Forest) will be collected from the visitors who have to declare the plastic items – polythene. The various types of signages proposed are Directional and Locational. etc. while Nature Interpretation signages would be as per the current pattern followed by DoF.25 ha) could be developed at Hemkunt area on the land of Forest Department. This waste can then be deposited in the nearest large iron cage waste collection pit proposed near the VoF / Hemkunt trek path junction on its south-east side. Directional/Locational & Informational signages are proposed with dark green background & white text. Shauchalaya (2 toilets each for men and women on ‘pay & use’ facility).5 km. wide to accommodate the common path for mules and pedestrian use) as the hill slopes are steep and current alignment of path at many places is almost one over another in a zig-zag pattern. The cluster types will have the following mix of amenities: Cluster A: The components of Cluster A are Snacks/ Fast food centre (4 in no. Cluster C: The components of Cluster C are Drinking Water Facility. Cluster B near 2.5 km & 4. of 15 sqm with 5 benches). Cluster B: The components of Cluster B are Snacks/ Fast food centre (2 in no. Minor cross drainage is also suggested at regular intervals. Trek Path-New Proposals • • Tourist Amenity Cluster It is proposed to develop amenity clusters at regular intervals to facilitate tourists who are proceeding towards Hemkunt from Ghangharia. Construction of Folding Bridge near 13 km milestone point after Ghangharia settlement over the Lakshman/Hem Ganga. and has conducted inspection of the site for helipad as well) It is proposed that the trek path from Ghangharia till Hemkunt be widened as far as possible (average 6 ft. 2 km. same may be done by constructing RCC floor slabs on stilts on the lower hill slope. The trek path between the cluster A is proposed to be partially covered. Corner sidewalls of temporary cluster facilities that are open to view from trek path may also be used for painting/display of information/eco-signages. Locational.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary • • Upgradation of Ghangharia-Hemkunt Sahib Trek/Pedestrian Path. of 15 sqm with 5 benches). Nature Interpretation and Warning Signages are proposed as part of the plan. Approximately Cluster A will be provided near 1. Cluster C will be near 1 km. 5. Drinking Water Facility. etc. Shauchalaya (2 toilets each for men and women on ‘pay & use’ facility). Little widening of Trek path base will be in CC (1:2:4) Stone Kharanja/Masonry work with top surface upgraded as CC surface with grooves. 3. Eco-Awareness. of 20 sqm each). Covered Rest Shed (1 no. Construction of MS railing (painted in dark green) along the trek path in addition to Construction of Helipad at Hemkunt are proposed. Covered Rest Shed (1 no.75 km from Ghangharia. Directional/Locational & ES-30 . & 5. Mule Shed. if feasible.35 km points after Ghangharia settlement towards Hemkunt.5 km. of 15 sqm with 5 benches). of 20 sqm each). etc. Construction of a Helipad at Hemkunt (as PHHL is planning for direct helicopter services.5 km. etc. path widening is not possible by cutting upper hill slope. Wherever. Covered Rest Shed (2 in no. Mule Shed. 4 km. A multi-purpose room functioning as tourist information desk and first aid centre (10 sqm). Signages Informatory. The trek path between the cluster B is proposed to be partially covered. large waste collection pit (iron cage). if the visitors are late on return. Compressed plastic waste is transported down and used for reprocessing. Vermi-composting is practiced at collection sites so that this excreta can be converted into manure. This waste when plenty can be converted in a biogas plant to generate fuel for heating / cooking purposes.00 pm. and these should be switched off once the visibility improves or after 7.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary Informational signages are with dark green background with white text. Upgradation of Public Toilets/Bathrooms/Change Rooms at Hemkunt Sahib complex with a new Shauchalaya of 4 toilets each for men and women. Remuneration to mule owners for collecting and supplying such excreta at collection centres is given. One solid waste compression equipment unit is to be placed at Hemkunt. All the structures are to be painted in dark green on exteriors (to blend with the environment). Mule owners are educated about collection of this excreta and its conversion. Solid Waste Management Waste Bins (turntable) are to be placed every 100 m in the path. and neither should weather out in a season (plastic cages were not recommended due to the reason of these getting brittle in sun and may get damaged early.5 km cluster of facilities on the Hemkunt route to facilitate safe return of visitors in this last stretch (13 km to 14. Mule excreta are also collected in sacks by the sweepers as mule organic matter. Wireless connectivity to EDC members & Gurdwara Managers. Separate coloured/marked sacks can be provided to the collectors. Separate Community Toilet (Pay & Use) to be provided for mule operators/porters/palki carriers at Hemkunt Sahib complex. while Nature Interpretation signages would be as per the current pattern followed by DoF. Electric Supply It is proposed to provide Street lighting from the junction of route to Valley of Flowers / Hemkunt Sahib till next 1.00 pm by which hour it is expected that all pilgrims/trekkers would have returned to Ghangharia. should not spill.5 km point after Ghangharia) which may get dark sometimes due to bad weather/after sunset around 6. These cages should be airy. Note: It is proposed to maintain a uniform character of the cluster amenities/toilets. these would not be as airy. One Satellite Telephone PCO Local Call/STD/ISD booth to be provided at 3 km point (at one of the Amenity Cluster A) between Hemkunt Sahib and Ghangharia for emergency needs. Contracts for purchase of this waste can be given so that government cost of collection and transportation can be reduced. at Hemkunt Sahib for Kitchen/Langar wash waste which currently falls into Lakshman /Hem Ganga stream. and would be susceptible to fire. Telecommunications One PCO Local Call/STD/ISD booth at Hemkunt Sahib Complex connected to Satellite Telephone Exchange of Ghangharia. ES-31 . Waste collection area to be managed more scientifically with arrangements for stacking the compressed bags (in Iron Cage pits that can easily contain some 50 or more bags/sacks) and in no case these should be stacked near the Sarovar or streams. etc. Special arrangements may be made at Hemkunt site to collect the kitchen (Langar) waste and decomposed in a biogas plant. All the structures proposed are temporary in nature (except the small plinth bases required for shops/toilets) and would need to be assembled before every tourist season and disassembled & stored at Ghangharia after tourist season. Better incentives are to be given to the waste collectors. Sewage & Toilets at Hemkunt Proper sewage disposal system through soak pit. animal health etc. streams etc. Sensitisation of Tourists & Visitor Information Service Sensitisation-cum-training workshops will be held at the start of the tourist season (from the month of June) at division level and in the regional level. of restricted occurrence need to be better understood and documented in spatial. Department of Forest may need to increase the patrolling staff. Also to fund/sustain the EDC resources. MANAGEMENT/ INSTITUTIONAL MEASURES Capacity Building It is very essential to develop education/information centres that are run by locals. Need to harness energy potential of waterfalls. solid waste management.). can be accessed. the government in mutual discussion with various departments & stakeholders shall levy a nominal eco-fee per head payable by all the tourists. Many more personnel from the local host community need to be trained for nature interpretation services / eco-guide work. etc.for the slide and video shows. Department of Forests officers/staff should have state of art education in all the parameters listed above (Pollution management. Research and Monitoring: The information regarding plant communities like Taxus baccata (for cancer medication). In these workshops mule owners/ porters/ palki carriers/transporters/ Hotel and lodge owners/ Restaurant and shopkeepers will be involved so that they can be properly apprised with the law and be motivated to guide the tourist. Souvenir shops will also be developed marketing the destination. 5/. Decentralised training camps on various kinds of Forest and Wildlife laws will be arranged throughout the year. conservation management. biodiversity management. Village biodiversity register will be maintained. the existing nature interpretation-cum-information centre at Ghangharia available in the FRH complex should be supported by another temporary sloped roof structure of 20 sqm area for information provision / nature interpretation & orientation purposes with the help of EDC trained eco-guides/nature interpreters. Listing and site mapping of all the threatened bio resources of the Valley of Flowers National Park. Gurdwara at Govind Dham & ES-32 . Revival of “Friend of Valley of Flowers” programme is planned after paying the nominal fee of Rs. Resource Inventory and annual census works will be carried out with local participation. Monitoring Patrolling forms a regular feature of the management. In the patrolling activity local community/EDC members will also be associated. and will get benefited by becoming a recipient for updated information on Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Region through a computerised database and an interactive website where brochures/guide maps/e-postcards etc.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary C. Also. High altitude gears and necessary equipments like high power torch/ tents/ sleeping bags are some of the most essential item for protection patrolling. Need to look for other sources of household fuel source will be examined and undertaken. qualitative and regeneration terms. Environmental Awareness A 5-minute awareness training will be conducted to all the visitors to the Valley of Flowers at the entry point where they will also be provided with an indicative map of Valley of Flowers trek path-cum-flower composition and a coloured brochure/booklet of major species along with the entry ticket. Refreshment Stalls and Commercial Establishments Quality Assurance and regularisation of stalls will be undertaken. Selling of cheap plastic raincoats is proposed to be banned in the project region. Govind Ghat serves as the other base & terminal settlement for the overall trip.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary Hemkunt Sahib shall also play an important role and after each ardas (prayer) the Manager & Granthi of the Gurdwara should take the responsibility to announce a special request (Vinti) to all the visitors about the cleanliness and environmental conservation issues in this eco-sensitive region. shortage of rooms. good quality raincoats may be made available on rent with a returnable fixed deposit payment. shall not go beyond 2-storey high (G+1). The proposals for accommodation at Ghangharia are Land Pooling/ Land Merger of the few shops towards the Valley/ Hemkunt side to develop 2 temporary tented resorts in a participative manner by private entrepreneurs of local community on rent/lease. and the Gurdwara premises should also prominently display the Do’s and Don’ts about cleanliness and environmental conservation issues. The EDC will audit and monitor the water usage. standard of accommodation. DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS AT BASE SETTLEMENTS The base settlement for the Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt in the upper valley is Ghangharia. It is proposed to maintain a uniform character of the new amenities/toilets. DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR GHANGHARIA Accommodation The key issue is absence of quality accommodation. wherever necessary). Department of Health may assist in certifying / monitoring the quality of food and overall hygiene of the services. no booking facility. This will be maintained by following temporary sloped roof steel truss structure with corrugated GI sheet roof & wall – all painted in dark green (to blend with the environment). such that any construction. new or refurbished. A. space carrying capacity limitations. to be followed by Gurdwara staff as well as the visitors. Any development proposal needs multiple approvals from a joint committee of stakeholders. in Ghangharia is proposed. All the new amenity spaces are proposed to be of temporary structures (except for the small plinth bases for these amenities/toilets. rentals and per tourist space. land pooling and redevelopment may be considered for further development without cutting any more trees. However. The existing accommodation is proposed to be regularised with grading. Instead. No new land is proposed to be brought under new physical construction. 7. sensitive land use and land ownership pattern etc. facilities offered. like Taxus baccata etc. A complete ban on use of wood of sensitive trees. Information Services ES-33 . To meet additional requirements some Forest Land after Ghangharia and some Van Panchayat Land at Kanjila may be rented per day or per season/leased for short term only for temporary tented resort accommodation by private entrepreneurs of local community. wastewater and solid waste management of the shops. A character shift is proposed for these shops with overhanging roofs on steel trusses. Development Control Regulations are proposed based on the character of the region and its environmental sensitivity. porters. Tourist Safety It is proposed that a small Police Chowki with sufficient personnel/logistics be stationed at Ghangharia in view of the sudden influx of tourists during the four months of tourist season in a temporary sloped roof building of 50 sqm area. Cheap dormitory accommodation (to provide stay at night for 150 persons) and pay & use toilet facility . Signages will form an important part of the visitor experience enhancement and education and will comprise of informatory. Fodder shall be made available at the mule sheds at a reasonable cost. Veterinary Clinic Though the main veterinary clinic is proposed at Govind Ghat. while Nature Interpretation signages would be as per the current pattern followed by DoF. This centre will also co-ordinate with the local guides. palki carriers and EDC cleaning staff. Cheap accommodation. Recreation Facilities In addition to the Germplasm Bank / Shadow Garden / Demonstration Nursery. Fodder and Food Arrangements It is recommended that proper Mule Sheds made of temporary sloped roof structures be built to station at least 200 mules at a time. Trek Paths ES-34 . development of Landscaped Recreation Plaza is also planned on the way from Ghangharia to the bifurcation point of Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt routes. Other Tourist Facilitation In addition to the above tourist amenities. Directional/Locational & Informational signages are proposed with dark green background & white text. Department of Health shall assist in setting up the same. where temporary sloped roofed structured relaxation decks are proposed.m is proposed to be developed at Ghangharia. and used as an interpretation & orientation centre. These mule sheds will have parallel running drinking pits and waste cleaning pits at the back.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary It is proposed that a tourist information service desk of area 20 sq. etc. directional and interactive signages. This health centre will also sell essential medicine kits for those who wish to carry it for their trekking and will include 4 beds for nursing the patients. Health Care Facility It is recommended to have a proper First Aid Centre-cum-small Trauma Care Clinic equipped with essential instruments with treatment area spread over 50 sqm. and Mule Waste collection and disposal infrastructure.m be opened at the GMVN TRH at Ghangharia. near the Lakshman / Hem Ganga waterfall. This improved facility is to be housed in a temporary sloped roof building and can move down to Pulna during the offseason to benefit the local village community. Also. it is recommended that a small such clinic made of temporary sloped roof structure spread over 25 sqm be opened at Ghangharia for treating emergency cases. Mule Sheds. a Cloak Room of 50 sq.made of temporary sloped roof structures are also proposed to be built for the mule operators. the existing Information Centre at FRH complex shall be upgraded with another similar temporary sloped roof building to facilitate display and sale of pictures. souvenirs. Compressed plastic waste is proposed to be transported down and used for incineration/recycling. if grouping is possible. 1 Solid waste compression equipment unit is proposed to be placed at Ghangharia. The targets are Mobile connectivity to be ensured by start of 2004 season and Better connectivity and more number of PCO Local Call/STD/ISD booths at Ghangharia. At Ghangharia settlement. Sewerage Disposal System & Toilets The group of hotels. recently PHHL has worked out plans to operate Helicopter services from Agustmuni to Ghangharia (using Army Helipad). Electricity Supply The recommendations for electricity supply for the region. and the same should be taken up on priority. Another public toilet made up of temporary slope roof structure of the same size as the one constructed at the entrance of Ghangharia is also proposed at the end of Ghangharia. In the year when the Phase-II starts.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary It is proposed that the paths be upgraded by laying CC 1:2:4 over stone kharanja (RR masonry) with grooved top surface along with a central drain and maintained before start of every season. these would not be as airy. Telecommunications BSNL CellOne Services is also planned to be started from next season onwards. should not spill. This would ensure that no sewerage reaches the river/ directly to the environs. Also. which do not have any kind of sewerage disposal system to have septic tanks. These cages should be airy. in addition to above initiatives are urgent repair works for the turbine plant to ensure high efficiency of turbines and Upgradation of street lighting at Ghangharia. The mule excreta will ES-35 . Separate coloured bags can be provided to the collectors. the infrastructure services like water supply is proposed to be laid parallel to the paths independently for usage on both the sides of the path without crossing the drain. and neither should weather out in a season (plastic cages were not recommended due to the reason of these getting brittle in sun and may get damaged early. Water Supply The existing planned project by Jal Sansthan is proposed to be implemented by start of 2004 season. Mule excreta is also proposed to be collected in bags by the sweepers as mule organic matter. Waste collection area is proposed to be managed more scientifically with arrangements for stacking the compressed bags in Iron cage pits that can easily contain some 50 or more bags/sacks. Contracts for purchase of this waste could be given so that government cost of collection and transportation can be reduced. while the storm water drain is proposed to be constructed in the centre of the path covered with removable RCC slab drain covers with grated openings and storm water to get disposed across the trek path & beyond building portion through hume pipes at regular intervals towards lower slopes. Solid Waste Management It is recommended that Very evident and attractive turntable solid waste disposal bins are proposed to be placed at different points at Ghangharia (@ 15 m interval). it is proposed to develop a proper water supply scheme with covered storage tank and water purification plant providing ample and safe water for the tourists and local community alike. Sewerage Disposal System & Toilets It is to be ensured that no sewerage reaches the river Alaknanda/ directly to the environs. Ghangharia and that at Hemkunt for emergency connectivity. with due permissions from the concerned government authorities. All the new amenity spaces are proposed to be of temporary structures (except for the small plinth bases for these amenities/toilets. Remuneration to mule owners for collecting and supplying such excreta at collection centres can be given as an incentive. wherever necessary. Water Supply Uttaranchal Jal Nigam is already working on a scheme for meeting the drinking water demand at Govind Ghat with a horizon period of next 15 years. B. which do not have any kind of sewerage disposal system to have septic tanks. 25. This will be maintained by following temporary sloped roof steel truss structure with corrugated GI sheet roof & wall – all painted in dark green. Any development proposal needs multiple approvals from a joint committee of stakeholders. Very evident and attractive turntable solid waste disposal bins to be placed at different points at Govind Ghat (@15 m interval). DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR GOVIND GHAT Development Control Regulations are proposed based on the character of the region and its environmental sensitivity.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary also be collected from the mule shed at Ghangharia and taken to Bhyundar/ Pulna for vermi-composting. 1 Solid waste compression equipment ES-36 . Roads & Pathways Repair Work of Govind Ghat-Ghangharia-Hemkunt Sahib Trek/Pedestrian Path and Valley of Flowers Trek/Pedestrian Path is proposed by the PWD. Telecommunications It is proposed add few more Local Call/STD/ISD PCO booths and to provide wireless service between the Gurdwara at Govind Ghat. if grouping is possible. new or refurbished. It is proposed to maintain a uniform character of the new amenities/toilets. at Govind Ghat Gurdwara and other private establishments for Kitchen/Langar/Restaurant wash waste which currently falls into river Alaknanda. A demonstration be planned at Ghangharia by the officials. A public toilet complex (Pay & Use) is to be built for the trekking tourists near the starting point and a separate Sulabh Shauchalaya/ Community Toilet (Pay & Use) – all made of temporary sloped roofed structure is to be provided for mule operators/porters/palki carriers. where fertilisers be provided in the newly proposed education/training centre/EDC store. Solid Waste Management An incinerator plant with a project cost of Rs. Tourism Bureau’s Parking Proposal comprises of construction of additional parking facility at Govind Ghat. For this. Proper sewage disposal system be provided through soak pit. Additional parking facility is suggested as discussed in Chapter 8. and the hotels which require larger spaces). Jal Nigam is preparing a scheme for providing piped water supply via Pulna to Govind Ghat. shall not go beyond 2-storey high (G+1). etc. such that any construction. the group of hotels. Mule owners are to be educated about collection of this excreta and its conversion.00 lakhs planned by Tourism Bureau has been sanctioned for installation at Govind Ghat. Fodder and Food Arrangements Registration of Mules. Ramnagar. Tourist Safety It is proposed that. Cheap Accommodation.12 lakhs were sanctioned in Dec 1997. Haldwani etc. Porters. 4. The recently formed EDC. Based on the standard of accommodation. Department of Health shall assist in setting up the same. facilities offered and the per tourist space. hotels/ lodges will be graded. while Nature Interpretation signages would be as per the current pattern followed by DoF. ES-37 . Department of Health may assist in certifying / monitoring the quality of food and overall hygiene of the services. Two iron cage pits for waste collection are also proposed at Govind Ghat. Proper Mule Shed made of temporary sloped roofed structure may be provided for a handling capacity of 300 mules at a time with proper Mule Waste Disposal infrastructure. and the porters and palki carriers are mostly from Nepal. Accommodation Few quality hotels with capacity of 300 beds (low-rise 2 storeyed structure only) are proposed to be developed at Govind Ghat. a Cloak Room made of temporary sloped roofed structure of 100 sqm is proposed to be developed at Govind Ghat for the tourists who do not wish to carry their entire luggage during the trek. The Gurdwara will also help in creating environmental awareness session with all the religious tourists to Hemkunt Sahib. Govind Ghat. Other Tourist Facilitation In addition to the above tourist amenities. Fodder may be made available at the mule shed at a cost. Govind Ghat. These mule sheds would have parallel running drinking pits and waste cleaning pits at the back. some police personnel stationed at Govind Ghat may be attached with the Patwari. the balance fund in this has to be requisitioned again. Directional/Locational & Informational signages are proposed with dark green background & white text. who cross from Nepal through near by districts for employment. They can patrol the trek route during the four months of tourist season. Information Services It is proposed that a nature interpretation-cum-tourist information centre of 30 sqm area be opened by the DoF/DoT at FRH complex. Directional Signages are proposed to be provided at Govind Ghat right from the Badrinath road junction. Booking facility for hotels/lodges is proposed to be made available. Most mule owners/operators are from Nazibabad. Health Care Facility PWD Proposal: At Govind Ghat for a Medical Relief Centre Rs. as a safety measure. Mule Sheds. Refreshment Stalls and Commercial Establishments The recommendations for the refreshment stalls are Quality Assurance and Regularisation of these stalls. and Palki owners/operators with EDC. There is a need for regularisation of accommodation facilities.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary unit to be placed at Govind Ghat. wastewater and solid waste management of the shops. Govind Ghat will inspect and monitor the water usage. DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR FACILITIES ENROUTE Transportation Plan: Govind Ghat to Ghangharia There is growing need to cater to the increasing Indicative Trek Path Alignment demand for parking in the 3 Valley of Ghangharia Kms Flowers hill settlement of Govind 4 Kms Ghat. NDBR informed that a veterinary camp service has been started at Govind Ghat from the 2004 tourist season. The need of an investigation on the proposal for the road from Govind Ghat till Pulna as requested by the then Union Minister of Tourism & Pulna Community Members for providing basic road accessibility for emergent needs of the community and controlling the tourist vehicular traffic load near Govind Ghat. the provision of a bridge at Govind Ghat also makes is difficult and costlier option because it is situated at the confluence of two rivers and the ES-38 . This is one of the main developments required at Govind Ghat in view of the 800-1000 mules presently operating from Govind Ghat and back. Also. This will also ensure good health of mules so that they are able to carry tourists without jeopardising the safety of tourists. The entire area besides being a reserved forest and a bio-reserve is extremely ecologically sensitive. there is a 6 Kms Proposed Motorable significant need to enhance Hemkunt 6 Section Bhyundar Village Shrine Kms access to the tourist spots / Trek PathPulna Village 3 Kms local community enroute by ( reducing the actual distance Govind Ghat to be trekked on foot by extending the reach of motorable road. Options for Motorable Road to Pulna A motorable road to Pulna Village connecting it with the road to Badrinath could be laid along two alignments. porters. Veterinary Clinic A main veterinary clinic was proposed at Govind Ghat during the study.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary Cheap dormitory accommodation (to provide stay at night for 200 persons) should also be built for the mule operators. possibility of extension of Motorable Road was examined. At the time of revision of this report. details of which have been explored by the Uttaranchal Public Works Department earlier in the year 2000 as part of the larger proposal up to Ghangharia. The trek can be broken up into multiple legs on the basis of the intermediate settlements. palki carriers and EDC cleaning staff and pay & use toilet facility for the labourers – all made of temporary sloped roofed structure. Thus. 8. Uttaranchal. was communicated to the consultants by the DoT. the Director. A detailed ecological impact analysis of the area has to be conducted before any option of extending a road on the entire trek route up to Ghangharia is considered. • Alignment – I: Pandukeshwar (from start of access road on Badrinath motor road to Yogdhyan Temple) to Pulna (5 km long road) • Alignment – II: Govind Ghat to Pulna (6 km long road) In alignment Option-II. Covered Rest Shed (1 no. with an analysis of positive and negative impacts. The cluster types will have the following mix of amenities: Cluster A: The components of Cluster A are Snacks/ Fast food centre (avg. of 15 sqm with 5 benches). suggestions have been given on possible aspects that government should weigh. Mule Shed (to accommodate 30 mules at a ES-39 . Impact on Settlements The impact on Pulna from the socio-economic environment point of view is examined. Trek Path It is proposed that the trek path till Ghangharia be widened to about 10 ft in Stone Kharanja/Masonry work. the mountain slope opposite Govind Ghat is particularly steep at this location and may require more number of hairpin bends. Shauchalaya (2 toilets each for men and women on ‘pay & use’ facility).Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary surrounding geological structures are susceptible to the simultaneous cutting by two rivers. Pedestrians (6 ft. A preliminary examination showed that the proposal is not very viable from the demand and cost perspective.m run by Mahila Mandal with First Aid Box). wide) from Govind Ghat-Pulna till Ghangharia is proposed. need for ancillary infrastructure. undertake a DPR. and subsequently if plausible. However. Construction of MS railing (painted in dark green) along the trek path Minor cross drainage is also suggested at regular intervals. The pedestrian path is proposed to be 10 cm above the mule trek path. and it may undertake a separate techno-economic feasibility study to identify the option being plausible or not. The top layer of the trek path would be in CC (1:2:4) with grooved top surface. of 20 sqm each). no private vehicles be allowed beyond Govind Ghat/Pandukeshwar and only environment friendly public transport ferries will run till Pulna thereby reducing the pressure on Pulna as well as generating local employment in eco-friendly means of transportation. In view of these. Tourist Amenity Cluster It is proposed to develop amenity clusters at regular intervals to facilitate tourists who are proceeding towards Ghangharia. 8 in no. There will be an increased need for space for parking. Also. Installation of Ropeway from Govind Ghat to Kanjila (near Ghangharia) Possibility of installation of a ropeway from Govind Ghat to Kanjila (near Ghnagharia as suggested by DoF has been examined. wide). it has been proposed that if the road be built till Pulna. Separate trek path for Mules (4 ft. demand tourist facilities in the village and increased pressure on waste disposal and management in the Village. The shift of the last motorable point to Hemkunt from Govind Ghat to Pulna via Pandukeshwar may significantly impact the importance of Govind Ghat as the central focus. Overall alignment Option-I is reported to be more feasible by PWD and a proposal already exists from them for road till Pulna on this alignment. of size 20 sq. Souvenir Shop (1 in no. 11. All the amenity cluster spaces are proposed to be of temporary structures (except for the small plinth bases for cluster amenities/toilets. 8 km. wherever necessary). Covered Rest Shed (1 no. 6. Chemical toilets/Dry toilets are available in international markets. Drinking Water Facility.6 km.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary time). A uniform character is proposed for the cluster amenities/toilets. At Pulna. The trek path between the cluster B is proposed to be partially covered. ecology etc. while Nature Interpretation signages would be as per the current pattern followed by DoF. Mule Shed (to accommodate 15 mules at a time).60 km point. Shauchalaya (2 toilets each for men and women on ‘pay & use’ facility). warning boards of landslide/ avalanche areas etc. informatory signages about altitude. nature interpretation signages (in various languages). from Kanjila till Ghangharia entrance. 2. 2.9 km. 10. and would be reassembled before the next tourist season. 7. Cluster B: The components of Cluster B are Snacks/ Fast food centre (avg. large waste collection pit (made of iron cage as discussed earlier).05 km. Electric Supply The proposals include provision of Street Lighting from Pulna till Govind Ghat (from 3 km to Suspension Bridge end). of 15 sqm with 5 benches). Cluster B will be at 1.3 km. location. 8. The trek path between the cluster A is proposed to be partially covered.10 km. 4.95 km and 12 km from Govind Ghat. Bhyundar and Pulna as per the nearest location for these structures.2 km.3 km. and at 9. 6 km point. 10. etc. 5 km. a mule shed to accommodate 150 mules at a time is proposed in the event of a motorable road. etc. etc. Water Supply Uttaranchal Jal Nigam is preparing a scheme for providing piped water supply via Pulna to Govind Ghat. Mule Shed Proper Mule Shed made of temporary sloped roofed structure may be provided for a handling capacity of 150 mules at a time with proper Mule Waste Disposal infrastructure at Pulna. of 15 sqm with 5 benches).75 km. and may be similar ones can be explored/developed locally too. of 20 sqm each).5 kms. Approximately Cluster A will be provided at Pulna (3 km point).35 km from Govind Ghat. Upgradation of Street Lighting at Pulna and Bhyundar. power supply through grid via Govind ES-40 .5 km. All these structures would be disassembled at the end of tourist season and kept in EDC Stores at Ghangharia. Directional/Locational & Informational signages are with dark green background with white text. 6 in no. This will be maintained by following temporary sloped roof steel truss structure. 3. Signages Standardised Signage Boards are proposed at regular intervals. Cluster C: The components of Cluster C are Drinking Water Facility. Covered Rest Shed (2 in no. and Cluster C will be at 1. with corrugated GI sheet roof & wall – all painted in dark green on exteriors (to blend with the environment). all deviations. Avalanche falls. One Satellite Telephone PCO Local Call/STD/ISD booth each is proposed at Pulna. timings of trekking. incentives etc. 9. Bhyundar and near Kanjila Helipad area connected to the existing Satellite Telephone Exchange of Ghangharia for villagers and tourists enroute. HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Hazard mitigation refers to “any action taken to reduce or eliminate the long . Stampede. Kanjila and till the entrance of Ghangharia. Health Care Facility A Medical Trauma Centre is proposed at Pulna. one at 6 km point between Pulna and Bhyundar. ban of use of sensitive wood. In view of this and the high tourist visitation during the four months of tourist season. Joshimath. Khunt Khal. ES-41 . restricting character and type of development. compulsory eco-fee (amount as decided by the government in mutual discussion with various departments & stakeholders) from all tourist trekkers. etc. The possible hazard scenarios in the project region are Landslides. re-erecting the broken poles. that can be integrated with 4-month tourism season at Valley of flowers-Hemkunt destination. is a highly fragile eco system. and having a process in future to maintain this on a regular basis after every tourist season. The important tourist attractions and growth centres nearby are Badrinath.term risk to human life and property from hazards. Khiron Valley. ownership with locals.” Disaster Management Plan addresses the management and actions/ measures to be adopted in the event of a disaster. approval from EDC/joint management committee. Auli. which could attract more tourists to the whole region is projected as part of the regional circuit. Earthquake Proneness. Kagbhushandi Lake. Hemkunt Sahib and Govind Ghat to Ghangaria. First aid box is proposed at Cluster A and B to be managed by EDC/Gurdwara members or Sevadars from Ghangharia to Hemkunt and by Mahila Mandal/Yuvak Mandal members between Govind Ghat and Ghangharia. Pulna and till 6 km point between Pulna and Bhyundar. Management Controls Regularisation of Development is envisaged through development control regulations. Tourist Circuit and Growth Centres Nearby The region nearby has many tourism spots and growth centres. etc. it is very important to have an emergency response mechanism in place to avoid and minimise casualties in the event of any disaster. Attack of Wild Animals etc. Emergency Response System deals with the immediate response mechanism in the event of a disaster. which has a very sensitive geological structure and biodiversity. the effectiveness of which would primarily determine the life and property saved. Telecommunications A new Satellite Telephone Exchange is proposed at Pulna to provide better connectivity to Govind Ghat.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary Ghat/Pulna be further extended to Bhyundar. Heavy Monsoon. Threats due to Sick Porting Animals. Need of an Emergency Response System in Project Area The project area including Valley of Flowers. a 4-year phasing is recommended to complete all these infrastructural/developmental works. proper furniture & appliances for running their shops/kiosks. It is presumed that every year hardly 3-4 months may be available for plan implementation to be undertaken in the region along trek route (including 1 month before tourist season. 10. under DoF guidance and permissions.85 crores. Proposals New Proposals Existing Proposals (Pending Sanction)* TOTAL *Refer Chapter 10 for details Amount (Rs . and another 1. procurement of raincoats & bags.5-2 months post tourist season till end of Nov. Hence. The private entrepreneurs of the local community can also take up some of the components.61 lakhs or Rs.Hemkunt Sahib region addresses the issues of disaster management and emergency response system including the following components: • Planning and Land Use Management • Emergency Response Cell • Warning System • Evacuation Mechanism • Institutional Responsibilities • Bio Diversity Risk Mitigation • Community Participation. Majority of the works are to be implemented by the DoF. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Summary of Proposed Investment The proposed project investments would be implemented in two phases of two years each. which is the leaner part of tourist season.91 31.). 1 month during Aug. etc.-Sep. 25.Lakhs) 2552. Total Estimated Project Cost for the implementation of this Master Plan amounts to Rs. however more time would be available for implementation.61 External Assistance/ Funding Modalities ES-42 . 2584. where in they may take assistance of agencies like EDC / PWD /others.70 2584. The phase wise summary of new proposals is delineated in the following tables. like temporary tented resort accommodation. At Govind Ghat and Pulna.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary Hazard Mitigation Plan and Emergency Response System The Hazard Mitigation Plan for Valley of Flowers. Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary For the implementation of the master plan. International financial institutions’ contribution would be required for the mobilisation of resources. there is a need to arrange for finances over and above plan allocations. provided benefits of tourism are widely spread in society and that the local host communities & poor benefit from tourism development. Loans can be obtained from multilateral and bilateral lending agencies under heads of various socio-economic development schemes. ES-43 . 36 0.54 5.49 220. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Enroute Govind Ghat to Ghangharia Valley of Flowers Hemkunt Sahib Ghangharia Bhyundar Pulna Govind Ghat 918.92 305.50 1.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Executive Summary Table: Summary of New Proposals Sr.72 15.00 1.79 4.00 0.00 15.32 51.13 38.94 331. MoT Public Pvt.83 130.24 7.50 3.46 ES-44 .31 0.00 230.00 49.54 582.99 1.85 332.Rs.99 0.00 12.99 34.06 2.50 0.00 15.51 274. in lakhs) Land Cost (Rs.00 0.00 1558.32 589.69 0. in lakhs) TOTAL INVESTMENTS (AGENCY WISE .37 38.00 14.17 417.99 34.10 9.94 TOTAL 2552. DEVELOPMENT AREA Destination Development Cost (Rs.24 7.50 0.06 108.92 310. in lakhs) Cost excluding Land Cost (Rs.41 79.32 589.12 351.00 3.17 417.50 1.99 994.05 14.97 INVESTMENTS (Rs. in lakhs) Funding (Phase I-Rs.00 21. in lakhs) MoT Public Pvt. No. in lakhs) TOTAL INVESTMENTS (PHASE WISE .00 49.12 8.00 31.52 19.94 2547. in lakhs) 1430.50 3.51 274.91 4.83 617.36 0.88 258.77 3.00 0.77 918.Rs. Jal Nigam and Jal Sansthan Departments. Department of Tourism. Gurdwara Sri Hemkunt Sahib Management Trust (GSHSMT). Institutional Framework and Roles & Responsibilities The roles. Department of Health.economic development. responsibilities and structure of the main institutional stakeholders are defined. Public Works Department. Van Panchayat/Forest Council. Raincoat. Binoculars Paramedics for First Aid/Trauma Centre Hired cycles – All terrain bikes Floral extracts Prasad / Offering shops Paramedics for First Aid/Trauma Centre Mechanic/Repair shop’s Toy Seller Floral Extracts Mason-cum-Fitter (Temporary Structure work) Environmental Patrolling Environmental Patrolling Printing & Publishing Work (Booklets/ Brochures/ Pamphlets/ Post Card sellers) Paramedics for Aid/Trauma Centre First Cobblers Mechanic/Repair shop’s Toy Seller Floral extracts Mason-cum-Fitter (Temporary Structure work) The other specific training measures identified are: 2-45 . Mahila Mandal. HRD AND TRAINING Multi-Skilling Restaurant/Dhaba owners Snacks/ Chaat sellers Fruit & Juice Kiosks Porter-cum-Ecoguides Souvenir makers/Handicraft hawker Printing & Publishing Work (Booklets/ Brochures/ Pamphlets /Post Card sellers) Horticulture Home-based Workers Souvenir makers/Handicraft hawker Toy Seller Tea shops Beverage/Ice cream vendor Plantation Activities The areas of training identified are: Fresh Training Tea/Coffee/Snack shops Beverage/Ice cream vendor Photographer/Albums/Film Rolls/Film Slides Souvenir makers/Handicraft hawker Printing & Publishing Work (Booklets/ Brochures/ Pamphlets/ Post Card sellers) Guide / Nature Interpreter Horticulture Rentals: Trek Equipment – Shoes. forward and lateral linkages with other sectors of the economy. Stick. Trade Community. Other than direct benefits from tourist expenditure. Gram Sabha/Village Council. This is because tourism has strong backward.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Multiplier Effect of Tourism Tourism in the Valley will be a tool for the socio. Department of Revenue. Department of Telecommunications. these cover the Eco-Development Committee (EDC). Department of Forests. indirect benefits also accrue to the economy. Electricity Departments. and Role of NGOs. 11. Zila Panchayat (ZP). are also planned.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • • • • • • • • • Training of women for their participation in Tourism Formal Training of Students Travel and Tourism Course Basics of Computers Course in Financial Management Spoken English and Hindi Travel Agents Course Hotel Management Course Guide Course • Entrepreneurship Development Programme In addition to these Training to Other Stakeholders like Local Governments and Tourism Boards. database of tour operators and transportation facilities. In case. database of tourists would also be captured. Tourism Industry. advertising in select media. It is proposed to develop a web enabled Visitor Management System (VMS) for Valley of Flowers . in future. 12. The activities include preparation of self guiding brochures. The main objectives of this web enabled VMS would be to make available a database of all information pertaining to Valley of Flowers. running documentaries/ short films on Television and a specific Public Relations programme. and recommends limiting the number of tourists to Hemkunt Sahib. This can be developed separately or can be integrated with the Uttaranchal tourism portal. In addition to this. VISITOR MANAGEMENT SYSTEM The primary components of Visitor Management System (VMS) comprise of plans for Promotion. e-postcards. NGOs etc. The objective of any promotion is not to increase the number of tourists. the portal could be used for reserving entry from Govind Ghat. Hospitality. Uttaranchal state goes in for regulating religious tourism through a policy. instead it is to provide the necessary information on all aspects and to aid in better visitor management. promotional material. 2-46 . and Marketing. The VMS would also be a helpful tool to monitor the visitor management by systematic collection of data. etc. the system could take the shape of a portal through which tourists can book the lodges/ hotels as well as prebook their entry to the Valley.Hemkunt Belt. data base of accommodation and other tourist infrastructure (services and facilities) to the interested/potential tourists and information seekers. Hemkunt Sahib and the nearby tourist attractions. Over the longer run. Detailed training curricula can be prepared on a pilot basis and be refined while imparting training/as the training programs progress. Hemkunt region is better known for Hemkunt Lake and a magnificent Sikh shrine Hemkunt Sahib on its banks for which maximum tourists/visitors arrive. His modified version of this definition has been officially adopted by IUCN – The World Conservation Union headquartered at Switzerland in 1996 as “environmentally responsible travel and visitation to relatively undisturbed natural areas. including community benefits. the brother of Lord Rama during the war with Ravana in Lanka. to enjoy. that promotes conservation. One would have to descend in winter to warmer and less snowy levels.2 Background Valley of Flowers also known in Hindu mythology as Nandan Kanan meaning “Garden of Indra in Paradise” is a relatively smaller part of a valley spread over about 10 sqkm part of the large Valley of Flowers National Park (VOFNP). The valley portion of the Park runs in the east west direction along the banks of river Pushpawati. Though only about 5000-6000 tourists visit Valley of Flowers at present. admiring. environmentalist. Abutting Valley of Flowers on a branch route to its south-east is Hemkunt Lake on the banks of which it is said that Lakshman had meditated. but for nearly 4 months those in search of beauty and solitude can find peace in the Valley of Flowers.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 1. forests. and sparse but special Himalayan wild fauna. it is imperative to study the eco-determinants that could (or should) limit tourism development of this region and issues of ecological and environmental conservation visà-vis existing/future tourism development. study and appreciate nature (and accompanying cultural features both past and present). which would get impacted adversely if not analysed and planned in a proper manner. It is believed that Lord Hanuman picked Sanjeevani Buti from this region for treating the wounds of Lakshman. The International Eco-tourism 2-47 . He defined eco-tourism as “travelling to relatively undisturbed or uncontaminated natural areas with the specific objective of studying. and provides for beneficially active socioeconomic involvement of local populations“. INTRODUCTION 1. which blooms especially with a riot of enumerable flowers and flora of variety of species and colours apart from alpine meadows. a Mexican architect. It is a place of escape from the hussle-bussle of today’s city life. has lower visitor impact. The term “eco-tourism” and the concept is fairly recent and was first used by Hector Ceballos-Lascurain. However. and enjoying the scenery and its wild plants and animals as well as any existing cultural manifestations (both past and present found in these areas)”. While. keeping in mind the natural beauty and historical/religious significance of this overall region and the perspective of eco-tourism. an ancient (though little known outside) Hindu Temple ‘Lokpal’ dedicated to Lakshman exists. eco-tourism and cultural tourism expert in 1983 with its preliminary definition to differentiate it from “mass tourism”. Dehra Dun. Canada and this definition was also adopted by the World Tourism Organization (WTO) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Individual surveys and group discussions (NGT . women. ecotourism is identified as one of the main strategies for creating opportunities for selfemployment and eradication of poverty. The master plan report was also presented to various stakeholders in a meeting chaired by the Chief Secretary. “community-based”. doctor. Government of India (GoI). has engaged Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) Limited to prepare the Master Plan for Development of Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers – Hemkunt Belt of Chamoli District. So. “market friendly”. youth.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Society (TIES) had defined eco-tourism as “responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and sustains the well being of local people” and which is widely accepted. etc. staying at the project area and extensively travelling within and outside the project area. World Eco-tourism Summit was held at Quebec. The comments received in these forums have been duly analysed and incorporated in the final report submitted herewith. the concept of eco-tourism embraces tourism that is “environmentally friendly”. Departments of Water Supply. the year 2002 was declared as the year of the “International Eco-tourism” by United Nations during which in May 2002. the Department of Tourism (DoT). development of eco-tourism is an important activity. guides. Government of Uttaranchal at the State Secretariat. The draft report on the master plan were submitted to the Department of Tourism and Department of Forests. While closer home in Asia. Uttaranchal. Bangkok. The consultants undertook a Participative Planning approach involving all Stakeholders in the process and most importantly the local host community. Department of Forests. In fact. UREDA. Similarly. Qualitative surveys were conducted among the tourists to both Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt destinations. inclusive of social and cultural aspects.3 Scope Scope and Terms of Reference (TOR) The scope of the assignment would be to carry out an initial environment impact assessment with a view to bring out the factors affecting the environs of Valley of 2-48 ." 1. tour operators etc. Government of Uttaranchal for their review and feedback. Thailand defines eco-tourism as “nature based.Nominal Group Technique) were deployed with the local community involving representatives of all walks of the local people including the representatives of EDC. and is developed on the concept of “sustainable development”. GMVN. the Institute of Eco-tourism.A. sustainably managed. in the action plan of Tourism Policy – 2001 of Uttaranchal. Also as part of Forest Policy – 2001 of Uttaranchal. telecommunications. by and large. The site visits were done in a two-phase study manner. Thus. Participative consultations were done at different forums with the local community. the 3 Gurdwara officials. Department of Tourism. trade and business community. An indicative list of those interacted during the study by the consultants is provided for reference in Annexure . and education to tourists”. In terms of physical area to be covered under the assessment. To identify specific growth centres in the vicinity and possible involvement of local community in the development activities. − Training local guides. To explore the possibility of external assistance for this project. including this chapter. − Landscaping proposals and general improvement plan. and consists of twelve Chapters. − Detailed land use plan in consonance with carrying capacity of the area indicating generalized land use system and various types of activities and requirements in the immediate vicinity including the transport network and conceptual service plan for water supply. Design measures for mitigating effect on flora due to increased visitation and presence of mule as essential mode of transportation Provide measures for conserving the flora & fauna of the region. drainage. 2-49 . electrification and garbage. − Accessibility to major tourists circulation network and proposed transportation facilities.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Flowers. − Maintenance and upkeep of treks and trails. • Design institutional measures for − Waste management. − Hazard mitigation plan and improving safety. sewerage. − Project phasing. Prepare a detailed site management plan specifying the following: − Capacity management & eco-tourism plan. − Environment orientation of mule owners and other service providers. 1. the scope would be limited to the geographical spread of Valley of Flowers – Hemkunt belt in Chamoli district. Terms of Reference (TOR) Following shall be the Terms of Reference for the study: • • • • • • Assess the impact of tourism activity on the flora and fauna of the region.4 Structure of the Draft Report This Draft Report illustrates the detailed understanding of the study and recommendations. and four Annexures. Uttaranchal. 2. 7. Annexure B contains an indicative list of signages to be implemented. Annexure D provides an indicative list of individuals and organizations that can provide information on tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt. experts.1 Valley of Flowers 2-50 . Chapters 7 and 8 contain recommendations for development proposals at the base settlements and enroute the trek path respectively. literature and data sources referred.69 sqkm. Annexure C lists the details of work items and costs for new proposals. Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt area are amongst the nine zones or part of the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve (NDBR) in Himalayas. and any ecodevelopment initiatives being undertaken in the region. Chapter 3 describes the environmental impact assessment in the region due to various factors.1 Valley of Flowers National Park . 2. TOURISM DEVELOPMENT – A SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS This chapter details the understanding of the Valley of Flowers – Hemkunt Region. Chapter 11 presents initiatives required on community participation and human resource development. Chapter 6 illustrates the development plan for Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt.1. Chapter 9 describes a hazard mitigation plan.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Chapter 2 presents situational analysis of the tourist development in the region. which is spread across an area of 5860. Chapter 5 sets out the environmental management plan for the region. Chapter 10 sets out the implementation plan with funding modalities and phasing of work components. current facilities/amenities available.Hemkunt Belt Located in the Chamoli district of the State of Uttaranchal. Chapter 4 elaborates the environment development strategy to address the concerns/issues. Chapter 12 describes components of a visitor management system. Annexure A contains References section that lists various stakeholders. A brief description of this region is presented below. existing tourism scenario. as a trade route to Tibet. Frank S Smythe incidentally reached this valley lost in thick mist along with colleagues R L Holdsworth and Eric Shipton after an expedition to Mount Kamet in 1931 and fascinated by the valley’s beauty and grandeur Frank S Smythe named it “Valley of Flowers”. A stone laid bridle track winds through the valley. 1982. He revisited the valley in 1937 to collect the specimens and published the book “The Valley of Flowers” the following year. first visited this valley in 1862. Semartoli. After notification of the Park the villagers have shifted their grazing activities to the lower and side valleys away from the National Park viz. and Rajkharak (towards west from Bhyundar village). barring the contentions who visited the valley first. which was long ago used by the Marchas. In recognition of valley’s fame and floral wealth and with the intention of preserving the ecology and conserving the floral diversity.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Though it is reported that Colonel Edmund Smythe. The valley portion of the National Park runs in the east-west direction along the banks of river Pushpawati. 5795/XIV-3-66-80 of 1 January 1981. the Government of Uttar Pradesh (as Chamoli district was earlier in Uttar Pradesh) created “The Valley of Flowers National Park” as per Notification No. it is the later accounts of British Mountaineer Frank S Smythe published in a book “The Valley of Flowers” which made the valley famous.. and now they just call it Phoolon ki Ghati). and Roopdhunga. Kanjila (to the south of Ghangharia). The Valley of Flowers National Park is one of the core zones of NDBR. Local pastoralists have for long grazed their livestock here through summers and know of it as Bhyundar Valley (the place of fairies and nymphs. the intention having been declared under Notification No. an Explorer and Education Officer in the then Indian Army. a Garhwali tribe. 4278/XIV-3-66-80 with effect from September 6.1. 2. Excessive human intrusion over the years has seriously threatened the valley’s wealth and may already have robbed it of some of its hidden secrets.2 Hemkunt Sahib 2-51 . it was these clues. In February of 1939. and rainfall and glacial melt water which spills down the mountainside on the far shore. It is said that Lord Lakshman meditated here or performed penance. which means the 'lake of solace'. and hence the river issuing from the lake became Lakshman 2-52 . Hemkunt Sahib was discovered in 1934 by Sant Sohan Singh (a retired Granthi from the then British Army) after relentless effort. Sant Sohan Singh passed away. Modan Singh told the other trustees that one day people would come to Hemkunt Sahib in their thousands from all over the world. It is said that Lokpal is not traditionally associated with the names Sapatsring or Hemkunt. It is fed by few small streams. Nonetheless. sometime in 1959-60. Later in 1968 the construction for the present Gurdwara (designed with the image of an upside down lotus flower as envisioned by Modan Singh earlier) began (after the motor road was extended by BRO to Govind Ghat and beyond to Badrinath along the river Alaknanda) and which got completed with upper storey in 1993. and Destroyer (Lord Shiva). Though described in the Bachitar Natak (an autobiography attributed to Sri Guru Govind Singh himself) and Dasam Granth. while doors on the five sides symbolically welcomes pilgrims from every faith and direction. At a time in 1950s when their yearly pilgrim group was only about 200 strong. which helped the first Sikhs to locate and identify Lokpal as Hemkunt/Parbat Sapatsring. a retired Havaldar from the Survey Department of the Indian army with his mission to continue the development of Hemkunt Sahib.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Sikhs come to the sacred shrine of Hemkunt Sahib (the only Tap Asthan) in remembrance and prayer to see the place where their tenth guru. Lakshman's other name was Lokpal. Sustainer. The Gurdwara has a hexagonal perimeter and its base measures 110 by 110 feet. but not before entrusting Modan Singh. Guru Govind Singh meditated and realised his oneness with God in his earlier birth in Sat Yug along the banks of lake Hemkunt. and a small Gurdwara (which became the Gurdwara at the highest altitude) was developed with initial assistance of Bhai Vir Singh in 1935-36 (including enlarging the ancient Hindu “Lokpal” temple dedicated to Lord Lakshman). Inspiration for building a larger Gurdwara at Hemkunt Sahib came from a woman who was given the mission to lay its foundation stone in a vision of Sri Guru Govind Singh. the 'protector of the world' or the ‘sustainer’ as referred to Lord Vishnu in the Hindu Trinity of Creator (Lord Brahma). The women would spend the night singing songs of the goddess. Brahmakamal flowers. They would bathe in the cold water. etc. All who went to Lokpal recognised it as a sacred place. which later became to be also known as Hem Ganga. It is said that for three hundred years the local Garhwali people have followed a tradition of visiting the Lokpal temple on the shore of the lake on three annual festivals held during the summer season: Rakshabandhan. plucking of Brahmakamal (Saussurea obvallata) flower. e. like Mana. the annual fair held in August) to offer to the Gods and Goddesses. The women left their clothes and shoes behind at a halting place in the forest (which was earlier full of pine. The sacred journey was made primarily by women. and sugar). and hence carry the same on return (Sarovar water is filled in small plastic bottles/cans that are sold in the shops enroute. referred to as amrit or 'nectar’.2 Location & Setting The locational and topographical details of “The Valley of Flowers National Park” region are as follows: 2-53 . the health of their men folk. This halting place became the site of what is today Ghangharia or Govind Dham. and prashad (a sacrament made from Ghee. virtually making this region a dominant religious tourist destination. and at dawn they would set out to climb the slope to the lake. flour. they made the steep ascent barefoot. or a cure for sickness. both Garhwali villagers from the valley below Lokpal and villagers of Bhotia (Indo-Tibetan) ancestry from neighbouring valleys. and Durga Ashtami (locally known as Nanda Ashtami). found only at high altitudes from its natural growth surroundings is not a correct action from the perspective of biodiversity conservation. When they reached Lokpal. a better future. clad only in white cotton dhoti (an unstitched garment). or Brahmakamal flower plucked from the surrounding meadows. as treasured reminders of the journey. The religious and sacred flowers of Brahmakamal (Saussurea obvallata) are collected by local people on some auspicious days (including after Nandashtami. taxus baccata. they would make offerings of coins. named after the Ghaghara (petticoats) which the pilgrims would leave there. a souvenir purchased from one of the shops which could be a saropa (length of cloth) or prashad presented by one of the Granthis. Sikhs consider water of the Hemkunt Sarovar as holy water. which is specie. Janam Ashtami.g.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Ganga. and pray to Lakshman for the blessing of a son. 7. Also pilgrims often take some token of the journey back home. At present the sacred place of Hemkunt Sahib attracts maximum number of tourists in the Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt region. It is said that out of respect for the purity of the water and the surrounding landscape. In 1988 the Lakshman temple was enlarged still further with the help of the Indian Army. coconuts. etc). However. some thick glacial bridges across the Pushpawati stream are also used for crossing over to access both sides of the main valley. the valley widens and can be seen in its entirety from the east. and Hemkunt Shrines are at an altitude of 4.50 sqkm Main Valley & Topography The Valley of Flowers in Garhwal Himalayas is an alpine valley. Saptsring (5038 m) in the south and Nilgiri Parvat (6. The river Pushpawati. Uttaranchal : Latitude 30o 41’ – 30o 48’N and Longitude 79 o 33’ – 70 o 46’E : Altitude of Park Ranges from about 3200 m to 6700 m above MSL (Valley of Flowers itself is at about 3658 m altitude.430 m) in the west. The North and South slopes of the main valley are gentle at the base and rise to merge with the snow clad rocky slopes of Nar Parvat in north and Saptsring peak in south.Gauri Parvat (6. the smaller streams can be easily crossed by wading across but the larger ones need to be crossed on log bridges. The major portion of the Valley is on its right bank (in the direction of flow of river Pushpawati)/Northern slopes. telling visitors their fortunes and drawing their horoscopes (Kundali). The main valley is Bhyundar Valley. which is seen as a long meadow on the opposite bank of the Pushpawati River. This place is locally called Bamani Dhaur ('Cave of the Brahmin').329 meters. At what time and on which day the shadow was to be observed depended on the person's date of birth. cuts through the Valley in east-west direction and divides it into two sectors. Base and central meadow are at an altitude of 3658m above MSL and are a paradise for trekkers. which was later colonised by numerous plants.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report District Setting Altitude : Chamoli. which is surrounded by panoramic view of snow clad Mountain peaks . Khunt Khal (4. Many streams flowing from glacial deposits in and around the Valley irrigate it and merge finally into the river Pushpawati. He did this by observing shadows on the long meadow across the river. From Bamini Dhaur. After entering a gorge. another remote trek path bifurcates from the Valley of Flowers trek path. resulting in a smooth U-shaped valley. which 2-54 . emerging from Tipra Glacier. The valley remains covered by snow from October to April but when the snow melts it gets invaded by a profusion of colours. being one of the highest temples in India) Park Area : 87. This meadow was therefore called Sri Kundalinisen ('Meadow of Horoscopes'). In May-June. While exploring the Valley.126 m) tower to the east.590 m) and Rataban (6. According to legend a Brahmin once lived here. and has been formed by the retreating glaciers whose periodic advances pulverised hard rocks. The area of the main valley is about 10 sqkm.479 m) in the north. which subsequently is one of the tributary of the holy Ganges. meets river Pushpawati near Ghangharia and further flows as Bhyundar Ganga for few miles to join the river Alaknanda below at Govind Ghat. Birch and rhododendron forest are also observed in the main valley. apart from Birch forest growth along Pushpawati bank and on the higher portion of the peak range on eroded soil/boulder debris. One such valley exists along the Donagair Garh. are several chunks of flat land. Within the main Valley. Growing/Flowering Season: 3-4 months or about 15-20 weeks (June to September) Rainfall Period: 3 months (mid June to mid September.3500 m above MSL) Lower alpine zone (Altitude 3500m . there are many smaller valleys carved out by streams of melting glaciers. with short cool summers and long severe winters influenced by southwest monsoon in the summer. falls 14 m before Ghangharia creating a beautiful waterfall. and western disturbances in winter.3700 m above MSL) Higher alpine zone (Altitude > 3700 m above MSL) Snow Period : 7 months (early October to late April).the Nag.3 Climate The climate of the Valley of Flowers is moist temperate and alpine type. 1993-94 data) 2-55 . However. One of them is called Nag Tal. Lakshman / Hem Ganga stream issues from the lake to flow south-west.1 mm in mid-August. On the left bank of the river Pushpawati. Some of the most magnificent plants flower on its banks. On the banks of these valleys. These flowers are said to cause harm when plucked. maximum being about 47. 7. passes towards Hanuman Chatti on Badrinath road route. since the Nag Tal area is not readily accessible due to lack of proper bridges across Pushpawati. On higher altitudes (> 5000 m above MSL) the snow fall continues throughout the year. while July & August are wettest months with almost daily rainfall. The Hemkunt Lake is nestled among rocky peaks. no visitors were observed on that side. literally the place of the venomous serpent . high above the tree line. one can encounter the most exciting pattern of flowers. crushed or smelt. the last of many streams. It is believed to be infested with poisonous flowers. The Nag Tal valley area is also predominantly covered with dominating species like “Polygonum polystachyum”.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report via Khunt Khal (in south-west). Based on the altitude aspect and the climatic conditions the vegetation of the Park is divisible into 3 broad climatic zones: • • • Sub-alpine zone (Altitude 2800 m . During the snow period the vegetation survives under snow with the help of tubers and rhizomes. but is yet to be operational. and Badrinath. a Helipad in a grassy field exists attached to the local Army unit near the Bhyundar Ganga.1 Accessibility Airfield Nearest air field. at the time of revision of this report. Joshimath also has a large Helipad facility of the Army. Further plans are reported to be underway to start air services from Gauchar where an airstrip already exists. 2-56 . apart from other priority sectors of Kedarnath. Fixed-wing aircraft can easily land at Gauchar and chartered flights from Delhi can be initiated after due clearances from relevant authorities. PHHL has put to use the US manufactured Bell 407 helicopters to conduct air services from Agustmuni (located in Rudraprayag District at a distance of 18 km from Rudraprayag on Rudraprayag-Kedarnath route) to Ghangharia at present to provide access to Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt Sahib. There is a small opening that opens the way to clouds to enter the valley through Pairra from the subalpine zone of Bhyundar valley. where the terrain is little flatter. it was reported that Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam and Pawan Hans Helicopters Ltd. after which one can start the road journey to Valley of FlowersHemkunt Region is the Jolly Grant Airfield at Dehra Dun. There were no regular flights to Dehra Dun at the time of the study. At the time of revision of this report.4 2. A little less than a km before Ghangharia base settlement is a place called Kanjila. daily to-and-fro afternoon flights are operational by Air Deccan at present from New Delhi to Dehra Dun.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Humidity : Average humidity of the area is high during summer and ranges between 80%-100% (days are usually very cloudy and the visibility is often reduced by thick mist) Temperature : 7 0C – 24 0C (May . These clouds collapse at Gauri Parvat and Rataban to cause rainfall in the valley portion of the National Park. however.September) The Bhyundar valley is surrounded by snow clad mountain peaks. (PHHL) have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to commence air services to some of the major tourist destinations in Uttaranchal.4. A small airstrip has also come up at Gauchar (111 km by road before Govind Ghat). 7. the capital city of State of Uttaranchal. 000/. which would approx. Other railheads are: • • Lalkuan / Haldwani/ Kathgodam Ramnagar 2-57 . charges will be as per actual time flown. 12. In case number of Badrinath passengers is less. If these Ghangharia passengers would like PHHL to pick them up next day. GMVN is required to arranged priority darshan for Badrinath passengers.000/. The charges per passenger would be Rs.e. while Haridwar railhead is at a distance of about 295 km by road from Govind Ghat.if number of passengers travelling were minimum 5. The other conditions for the helicopter services are: • • The services are subject to weather conditions and serviceability of the helicopter. • • • • • 2. PHHL would provide helicopter to Badrinath / Ghangharia on the day there is no booking or having only one or two confirmed sorties for Kedarnath Dham. booking charges will be Rs 500/. the fare per passenger for dropping only at Ghangharia would be Rs. As per PHHL conditions.(non refundable in case of cancellation) and the air ticket will be have to be collected 16 hours before departure time from Agustmuni. 12. The helicopter would remain at Badrinath after dropping the passengers. then the charges would be proportionately increased/divided amongst number of passengers travelling. In case the flight does not materialise due to weather or any other reason beyond PHHL control.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report The Agustmuni to Badrinath / Ghangharia and return helicopter ride is of 35 minutes with a carrying capacity of maximum 5 passengers per ride and air fare worked out on charter as well as per seat basis is Rs. 12. then the charges would be proportionately increased/divided amongst number of passengers travelling. The nearest broad guage railhead is Rishikesh (about 271 km). While. number of Ghangharia passengers are less than 5. The helicopter will bring the Badrinath passengers back to Augustmuni after their having darshan. the charges would be the same i.000/.4.000/.provided there are minimum 5 passengers. In case. 12. the 'gateway to God'.per head (minimum 5 passengers required).2 Railhead The road into the Himalayas in the State of Uttaranchal begins along the banks of the river Ganges at Haridwar. take 2 hrs. Rs.per passenger for minimum 5 passengers available. the Indian army has gradually extended the motorable road since 1968. However. one-way timings are applicable for release of traffic in either direction.4.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • Kotdwar These are connected to Govind Ghat by roads passing through various towns of Kumaon and Garhwal as shown in the next section. as it is being widened right from Rishikesh to Mana since it was declared NH.3 Roads From Haridwar the accessibility is by a pucca road (Rishikesh-Mana National Highway).4 Trek Trails 2-58 . the road reaches Govind Ghat. the five sacred confluences where major tributaries join the river. Past Joshimath. which passes through Rishikesh and into the upper hill region. tracing the ancient pad yatra (walking pilgrimage) route to Badrinath. Alternative approaches to Govind Ghat from other Railheads are as follows: • Lalkuan / Haldwani/ Kathgodam – Bhowali – Khairna – Ranikhet – Dwarahat – Chaukhutiya – Gairsain – Simli – Karnaprayag – Chamoli – Joshimath – Govind Ghat (about 331 km: deduct 16 km if traveling from Haldwani or 21 km if travelling from Kathgodam) Ramnagar – Mohan – Bhatrojkhan – Ranikhet – Dwarahat – Chaukhutiya – Gairsain – Simli – Karnaprayag – Chamoli – Joshimath – Govind Ghat (about 345 km) Kotdwar – Gumkhal – Jwalpa Devi – Pauri – Srinagar – Rudraparayag – Gauchar – Karnaprayag – Chamoli – Joshimath – Govind Ghat (about 296 km) • • 2. past the Panch Prayag. Badrinath is the most important Hindu shrine in the Indian Himalayas. 2. and nearly 295 km beyond Haridwar. The pucca road stretch in this hilly region is maintained by the BRO and is normally 5 m wide and in good condition. the base of the trek route to the Ghangharia base settlement and from where subsequently one can trek to Hemkunt Sahib and the Valley of Flowers. BRO has provided traffic signs and safety awareness signage boards at many locations along the road and also major portion of the road stretch has stone masonry /cement concrete pillar barriers. It winds northward through the valley along the Ganges. there are quite a few stretches. Because of its proximity to the Indo-Chinese border.4. Also to control the traffic on this treacherous road between Joshimath and Badrinath. easing pilgrims' journeys. Located near the river's source. which are landslide prone and cause some traffic jams every day. About 25 kilometres before Badrinath. the road continues along the river Alaknanda. Bhyundar village is the migratory settlement of Pulna villagers in Pulna (1920 m) Bhyundar 6. or that for Hemkunt Sahib. 75 m. after crossing a suspension bridge over the river Alaknanda. which are much steeper. This trek trail from Govind Ghat is maintained by the PWD. The condition of these trek trails is not very good in most of the stretch and is very uncomfortable to walk on in general and not safe in steep gradients when the trail surface is moist near thick tree cover/foliage. The aesthetic value of the trail is also very low in most of the stretch due to extreme unevenness of the surface. or less) for most of the trek stretch.1: Salient Details of Trek Trail Route From Govind Ghat (1828 m) Pulna To Distance 2. 60 m respectively in sequence)/ wild flowers/ forests/ beautiful landscapes. a little ahead of which. then levels out. for Valley of Flowers it’s relatively much narrower (3 ft. Gradient of trek – 1:28 (approx. The path zig-zags up a steep hillside for over a km.15 km 2-59 .) Most part of the trek along the Bhyundar Ganga is punctuated with waterfalls on right side (4 in no. which is 19 km beyond Joshimath (1845 m altitude) accessible through a pucca motorable road en-route to Badrinath. 120 m. Govind Dham/ Ghangharia is the junction settlement on the bridle path/stone kharanja type trek trail. Grade: The grade of trek trail for Valley of Flowers is relatively easy compared to trek stretches like from Bhyundar to Ghangharia. one trail goes towards Valley of Flowers and another steep trail to Hemkunt Sahib. After 2. The brief of trek trail route is given below in Table 2. with a fall of 180 m.6 km Route Remarks The tourists start in the morning. mule dung & urine and the resultant stink in the air all along the route from Govind Ghat to Hemkunt. Though the trek trail on the Govind Ghat – Ghangharia – Hemkunt route is about 6ft wide in average width.1.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report The ascent to the Valley of Flowers. Table 2. after crossing the Lakshman/ Hem Ganga stream. the first place near which -basic facilities for tourists exist.Hemkunt Sahib by trek begins from the small settlement of Govind Ghat (1828 m).6 kms of trek one reaches Pulna village. One has to take a prior permission from the DFO. The trek is subject to strict ecological discipline and the trekker is expected to be concerned about the ecosystem of the region.25 km. and one has to pay an entry fee at the VoF Entrance Checkpost. the route to the Valley of Flowers separates from that going to Hemkunt Sahib. Return trip is relatively shorter by about 2 hours. The main valley starts from the 3 km point and is accessible upto another 2 kms.) To the east of Bhyundar village. After crossing a temporary metal bridge over the stream Lakshman / Hem Ganga which is 0.50 km to 12. the trek trail to Kagbhushandi lake branches out across the Bhyundar Ganga river. Joshimath. Gradient of trek – 1:5 (approx. This trail is about 27. which has accommodation facilities of FRH/GMVN TRH & Private Lodges/ Gurdwara. Gradient of trek – 1:20 (approx. This stretch also has 2 waterfalls on left side.25 km upto Kagbhusandi lake) and with another exit access via Painka village near Vishnu Prayag (about 13. The area is named after the river and is surrounded by dense broad leaf moist temperate forest where one can take little rest. Bhyundar (2239 m) Govind Dham / Ghangharia (3048 m) 3.75 km Though ascent on this route is gradual in the beginning. the river is crossed over to its right bank on another proper steel truss bridge and this trail goes up to the Valley of Flowers along river Pushpawati. Night Halt is at Ghangharia.75 km point Valley of Flowers (3658 m) 3. Some portion of trek trail is landslide prone and there is a small glacier around 2. Small wayside tea stalls run all across the route and young and enthusiastic tourist guides are available at Bhyundar village. Beyond which 2-60 . and pay an ecofee/deposit to trek on this route.25 km from Kagbhushandi lake). Total Trek Travel Time – 6 to 7 hours by walk and 4 to 5 hours by mule from Govind Ghat to Ghangharia.25 (Bamani Dhaur point) after Ghangharia and main valley extends another 2 km Travel beyond Ghangharia is on foot since the entry of ponies is prohibited.5 km long starting from Bhyundar (about 14.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report From To Distance Route Remarks the summer and tourist season.5 km from Ghangharia.) Valley of Flowers Route Ghangharia / Govind Dham (3048 m) – spread over along trek path from 12. About a km ahead. the last stretch from Bhyundar is steep & ascent to Ghangharia is much harder. 5 km long from Bamani Dhaur to Hanuman Chatti. river Lakshman/Hem Ganga falls with a 14 m drop and offers excellent view.) To the south-west of the Valley of Flowers at the 3 km Bamani Dhaur point inside the Valley of Flowers. It is important to note that only these steps are accessible in early June before the snow covering over the longer stone rubble path has melted by end of June. Joshimath. Hemkunt Sarovar/Hemkunt Sahib Shrine Ghangharia/ Govind Dham (3048 m) Hemkunt (4329 m) 6. This trail is about 8. About nearly a km ahead of Ghangharia. One has to take a prior permission from the DFO. Hemkunt Sahib Shrine & Lokpal Temple. and should try to return back before evening. Once can also take about 1200 or so steps that comprise the last kilometer of the trek through an alternate route to Hemkunt Sahib.25 km after Ghangharia Visitors should leave early morning and take steep ascent to Hemkunt Sarovar. Gradient of trek – 1:12 (approx. Total Trek Travel Time – 2 to 3 hours by mule & about 5 hrs by walk from Ghangharia to Hemkunt and 3 to 4 hrs on return by walk and about 2 hours by 2-61 . Camping/Night Stay is not permitted at Valley of Flowers. and pay an eco-fee/deposit to trek on this route. There are no side tracks for viewing colonies of flowers away from the main track so one may either try to wade through knee-deep flowers and foliage (this would mean crushing some flora on the way) or stay on the single track running through the length of the valley without seeing the best OR one may stand on a raised vantage point to get a better view of the flowers all around. the trek trail via Khunt Khal Pass branches out and exits near Hanuman Chatti on Badrinath road.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report From To Distance Route Remarks remaining stretch of valley of flowers is inaccessible due to lack of proper trek path. Total Trek Travel Time – 6 to 7 hrs from Ghangharia to Valley of Flowers and back to Ghangharia. and hence till then mules cannot go past the place where the snow begins/ahead of base of the steps. The valley also offers great view of majestic snow peaks around. Staying is not encouraged at Hemkunt Shrine due to low level of oxygen at that altitude/non-acclimatisation of visitors and hence one has to return to Ghangharia / Govind Ghat for night stay. Gradient of Trek – 1:5 (approx.1: Map Showing Route to Valley of Flowers.) Exhibit 2.Hemkunt Region N VALLEY OF FLOWERS Ghangharia HEMKUNT SAHIB Bhyundar Motorable Route Trek Route To Rishikesh 2-62 .Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report From To Distance Route Remarks mule. Also.1) as observed in the results of chemical analysis conducted by the consultants on various soil samples collected in this region.6 Inventory of Flora 2-63 . The rocks are primarily sedimentary with mica schists and shales. which had soil covered with swept mule excreta.84 as reported in study by Dr. The soil is acidic in nature (pH 4.29 . The pH of 7. Such a wide range of carbon in the soil along a diverse topographic gradient is not unusual.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 7. Kala. and their geological structure. at many places. The percentage of organic Carbon in the lower slopes ranges from 4.5-6. starting from Govind Ghat itself. The hills slopes are steep rocks as well as soil/boulder debris deposits along the slope at many places enroute. 7. the area is highly prone to land slides / avalanche given the nature of rocks.3 was observed in the sample collected from the sides of the other trek path.5 Geology & Soil Geologically the Valley of Flowers region falls in the Zanskar range of the Himalayas.33. P. topography. C. many of these are flowering plants . a rich formation of blue poppies. To highlight the beauty of one of the small beautiful flower “Primula”. Primula denticulate in purple and Potentillas in red. The wealth of flora and its species reported is described below. flowers and foliage in exotic varieties apart from forest of pine. wood lily. geranium and the killer/dominating plant species like Polygonum polystachyum and also Impatiens sulcata. The valley is rich in herbal plants. commonly known as “Forget me not”. taxus baccata. Primulas. Known as Meconopsis aculeata to botanists. has golden stamens. can be seen in the midst of shrubs and foliage along the roadside. are gorgeous varieties of wild roses. which have become the natural habitat of a majestic flower . wild roses and many other species are found in abundance. The fine rain drops clung to its soft petals like galaxies of seed pearls and frosted its leaves with silver". the dense growth of the flower and non-flowering plants makes the valley look like a thick carpet that has been splashed with several colours. often in isolated family groups. ligularia and pink androsace can be seen between the rocky stretches near the bridge abetment. rhododendron. colonies of blue Hackelia uncinata. droops slightly. are the popular ones. near the main valley. Like most poppies. Further on. The violet Iris kumaonensis. Immediately after crossing the Lakshman / Hem Ganga. Although the main valley starts after about 3 km from the entrance gate near Ghangharia to Bamani Dhaur point.the blue poppy. Its head resembles that of a cobra. morinas. Along the riverside there are small patches of land between scattered boulders. yellow and pink can also be seen. The plant grows in shady recesses. Anemones.bergenia. sunflowers. it is a solitary flower and has the colour of the sky at dawn. maiden. which has been offsetting the floral composition of the valley. and is so fragile that its petals are detached merely by 2-64 Anemone . white dwarf Rhododendrons. it is open and wide. A large variety of ferns like epiphytic. On reaching the banks of the Pushpawati. At several places. Smythe writes in his book on Valley of Flowers . A forbiddingly beautiful plant is Arisaema costautum. birch."In all my mountain wanderings I had not seen a more beautiful flower than this Primula. and rhododendrons can be spotted throughout this 3 km route.hair and oak fern can be seen.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report The variation in the altitude within the “Valley of Flowers National Park (VOFNP)” provides a great diversity of landscape and microhabitats. popularly known as arum. Primulas and Anaphalies give a white background to the valley. The rose-coloured Cypripedium himalaicum has. Thus. Refer Table 2. a rare plant.2 for the specie-wise period of bloom in the Valley of Flowers region and Exhibit 2. marsh orchid. earned the popular title of lady’s slipper and there are a number of them in the valley.2 for distribution of major Flower Composition in Valley of Flowers.shaped codonopsis are also seen.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report brushing against them. The potentillas are the first to appear and last to disappear from the valley. well-drained meadows of the valley. 2-65 . Splashes of golden lily and creamy tell. geranium. one as a visitor to the Valley of Flowers should not come with an undue expectation of finding all the varieties at one time. a variety of flowers grow at the same place one at a time indicating short life cycles (from germination to flowering to seeding) in this limited 3-4 months of flowering season. The lily like Nomocharis exypetala. pedicularis and thymus. Hence. looks beautiful on the well warmed. The pinkish glow of the valley can be attributed to the large colonies of androsace. The pink pedicularis gives way to its yellow cousin the mainstay of the August bloom. It protects itself with sharp spines arranged on the stem and buds. 16. 7.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Table 2. 6. No. 13. 11. 5. 21. 18. 20.2: Some the major species of plants/flowers and their period of bloom in Valley of Flowers National Park Sr. 19. 12. 1. 22. Botanical Name of Plants Rhododendron arboreum Primula denticulate Caltha palustris Fragaria nubicola Arisaema coastautum Dactylorhiza hatagirea Fritillaria roylei English Name Marsh marigold Strawberries Her b 8. 3. 17. Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Blue Purple Purple Yellow Blue Yellow Jun-Aug Jun-Aug Jul-Aug Jul-Aug Jul-Aug Jul-Aug Jul-Aug Jul-Aug Jul-Aug 3000-3500 2000-3500 3200-4000 3500-4000 3000-4000 3000-3500 2-66 . 4. Iris Kumaonensis Lilium oxypetala Rosa macrophylla Thermopsis barbeta Anemone obtusiloba Cypripedium himalaicum Hackelia uncinata Phlomis bracteosa Delphinium roylei Geranium wallichianum Geum elatum Impatiens sulcata Ligularia amplexicaulis Meconopsis aculeate Pedicularis hoffmeisteri Golden Lily Wild Rose Anemony Wind flower Ladies Slipper Orchid Forget me not Cranes’s bill Balsam Blue-poppy Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Purple Blue Cream yellow Red Purplish White & Blue Pink Jun-Jul Jun-Jul Jun-Jul Jun-Jul Jun-Aug Jun-Aug 3000-4000 3000-3500 2000-3200 3000-3500 2400-4500 3400-3700 Habit Colour of Flower Red Purple Yellow White Yellow Green Bloom Period Feb-Jun Apr-Jul May-Jul May-Jul Jun-Jul Jun-Jul Jun-Jul Altitude (in m above MSL) 1200-3200 2200-3600 2500-4000 3000-3600 3500-4000 Tree Herb Herb Herb - 14. 2. 9. 15. 10. 42. 46. 34. 36. 30. 29. 41. 23. 50. 25. No. 32. 27. 24. 40. 43. 33. 39. 28. 48. 38.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Sr. 26. 45. Botanical Name of Plants Rheum australe Saxifraga roylei Anaphalis triplineruis Aster albescens Cremanthodium ellisii Morina longifolia Potentilla atrosanguinea Thalictrum reniforme Aconitum hookeri Arenaria griffithii Bistorta affinis Campanula latifolia Codonopsis affinis Corydalis junecea Cyananthus lobatus Epilobium latisperma Erigeron multiradiatus Gaultheria erichophy Gentiana ornate Heracleum pinnatum Inula grandiflora Nepeta connata Polygonum molle Saussurea obvallata Sedum ewersii Selinum tenuifolium/ Selinum Candollii Silene setisperma Senecio jacquemotiamus English Name Rhubarb Cinquefoil Meadow-reu Bell Flower - Habit Colour of Flower Pink White White Pink Orange Red Green Purple Blue Blue Yellow Yellowish White Red White - Bloom Period Jul-Aug Jul-Aug Jul-Sep Jul-Sep Jul-Sep Jul-Sep Jul-Sep Jul-Sep Aug-Sep Aug-Sep Aug-Sep Aug-Sep Aug-Sep Aug-Sep Aug-Sep Aug-Sep Aug-Sep Aug-Sep Aug-Sep Aug-Sep Aug-Sep Aug-Sep Aug-Sep Aug-Sep Aug-Sep Aug-Sep Aug-Sep Aug-Sep Altitude (in m above MSL) 2700-3500 3000-3300 3000-4500 3200-4000 3000-3500 2400-3200 3000-3700 2200-3500 2800-3300 3600-4500 3000-4500 2000-4000 - Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb - 2-67 . 37. 44. 49. 35. 47. 31. 52. 51. No.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Sr. Botanical Name of Plants Stachys sericec Swertia hookeri English Name - Habit Colour of Flower - Bloom Period Aug-Sep Aug-Sep Altitude (in m above MSL) - - Source: Display Board at the entrance of VOFNP and Wildlife Institute of India (Report: RR98/003) 2-68 . 1 Distribution of Vegetation in VOFNP by Alpine Zones The details of the vegetation in the Park as falling under various categories of alpine zones is listed below: Sub-Alpine Zone (Altitude < 3500 m above MSL) The sub-alpine zone is characterised by typical high altitude forests dominated by those below.2: Flower Composition Pattern at Valley of Flowers Source: Divisional Forest Officer (DFO).Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Exhibit 2. Joshimath 2.6. which terminate at the tree line: • • • • • Acer caesium Abies pindrow Betula utilis Rhododendron campanulatum Taxus baccata 2-69 . bicornuta Primula denticulate Trillidium govanianum. and grasses. etc.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Euonymus fimbriatus Syringa emodi Sorbus lanata. cushionoid herbs. Arisaema jacquemontii Boskniakia himalaica Corydalis cashmeriana Polemonium caerulium Polygonum polystachyum Impatiens sulcata Geranium wallichianum Helinia elliptica Galium aparine Morina longifolia Inula grandiflora Lilium oxypetala Anemone rivularis Pedicularis pectinata P. Some of the common herbs in tree line eco-tone are: Lower Alpine Zone (Altitude 3500 m .3700 m above MSL) The vegetation of lower alpine zone consists of dwarf shrubs. Lonicera myrtillus Cotoneaster microphyllus Rubus foliolosus 2-70 . The major shrub species in the lower alpine zone of the park are: • • • • • • Juniperus communis Rhododendron anthopogon Salix sp. The dominant herbs of this zone are: • Potentilla atrosanguinea • Geranium wallichianum • Fritillaria roylei • Lilium oxypetala • Dactylorhiza hatagirea • Campanula latifolia • Corydalis govaniana • Epilobium latifolium • Cortia depressa • Impatiens sulcata 2-71 . for instance: • • • • • • • Saussurea obvallata (Brahmakamal) Polemonium caeruleum Primula involucrate Aquilegia pubiflora Lilium oxypetala Epilobium latifolium Corydalis meifolia.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report The herbaceous flora of this zone represents a spectacular array of multicoloured flowers during the growing season. They also exhibit an interesting cycle of growth within a short period giving way to subsequent communities during different seasons. The dominant species in the higher alpine zone are: In addition several colourful flowering herbs are found on the slopes. and rocky slopes. Kobresia royleana Trachydium roylei Danthonia cachemyriana. for example: 2-72 . The major sedges in the lower alpine zone are: • • • • Danthonia cachemyriana Calamogrostis emodensis Agrostis pilosula Trisetum spp. Higher Alpine Zone (Altitude > 3700 m above MSL) The vegetation of higher alpine zone is rather sparse. boulders.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • Polygonum polystachyum • Angelica arch-angelica • Selinum vaginatum etc. The stable slopes on southern aspect typically represent: • Kobresia sedge meadows. In northern aspects and certain sheltered areas extensive patches of shrubs are found. dotted with moraines. for example: • • • • • • Rhododendron lepidotum Cassiope fastigiata Juniperus communis. The common grasses in the lower alpine zone are: • Kobresia royleana • Carex nubigena. Satellite imagery was used to study the natural land use distribution in the Park. of which 5 species were also first record for the entire Uttaranchal Himalayas. forest edges. C. it contains almost 25% of its flora. The ratios of monocot and dicot families. and marsh meadows. P.2 Endangered & Medicinal Plants Of 31 rare and endangered plants found in the Valley of Flowers. 1:3. genera and species were 1:4. Bistorta affinis Bergenia stracheyi Potentilla atrosanguinea Trollius acualis etc. Most of the rare plants grow in unusual habitats such as rocky slopes. These 5 species are: • • • • • Saussurea atkinsonii Duthiea bromoides Lycopodium selago Herminium joshephii Salix calyculata.5 and 1:4. Kala in 1993-94 as part of the long-term project titled Montane Grassland Project of the Wildlife Institute of India. 4 are non-flowering plants (Gymnosperms) and 18 are ferns (Pteridophytes). In all.6. 2-73 . of which 499 are flowering plants (Angiosperms).Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • • • • • • • • Geum elatum Saussurea obvallata (Brahmakamal) Saussurea simpsoniana Sedum sp. a total of 521 species of vascular plants were recorded in the Valley of Flowers National Park.1. Although the National Park constitutes only 1.3% of the total geographical area of the Chamoli district. Systematic work on the flowering plants and detailed ecological study of the National Park was taken up by Dr. 13 are medicinal plants and 11 species are already listed in the Red Data Book (RDB) of Indian Plants.3 respectively. Fifty five new flowering plants were first records from this valley. 2. According to the local people other wild animals also found in the Park are: • • • Himalayan brown bear (Ursus arctos) Bharal or blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) Serow (Nemorhaedus sumatrensis) 2-74 .: • • • • • • • • • Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus) Himalayan musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) Mouse hare (Ochotona roylei) Himalayan black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus) Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) Himalayan weasel (Mustela sibirica) Common langur (Presbytes entellus) Flying squirrel (Petaurista petaurista) Himalayan yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula). C. and over exploitation by people for medicinal uses in the recent past. Of these only 9 species were sighted by Dr. both of which are surprisingly not very common in the Valley of Flowers area.6.P Kala during the research work.3 Flora around Hemkunt Belt Around Hemkunt Sahib can be seen profuse flowering of the Brahmakamal (Saussurea obvallata) and Blue poppy. directly viz. A total of 13 wild mammal species are found within the Park and its vicinity. 2. narrow range of distribution.7 Inventory of Fauna The density of wild animals in the Valley of Flowers region is very low.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report The species are rare because of restricted habitats. small population size. 7. Finches. Four settlements viz. one may also find different kinds of insects and butterflies.. the tourist settlement of Ghangharia. Several accentors. The species of birds reported in the region are: • • • • • • • • • • • Monal pheasant Koklas pheasant Kaleej pheasant Lammergeier Himalayan griffon Common kestrel Golden eagle Himalayan snowcock Snow partridge White-throated dipper Snow pigeon.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • Snow leopard (Panthera uncia). Warblers breed during summer (May-August). villages Bhyundar and. Wagtails. Also Common leopard (Panthera pardus) was sighted close to human settlements in Khiron Valley and buffer zone of the National Park. Pulna.8 Local Human Settlements Economic Activities & There is no settlement within the National Park. 7. Apart from birds. Blue sheep droppings were found only once close to a high pass near Bhyundar Khal. and the tourist settlement/village 2-75 . While women stay back at Bhyundar with small children. the winter settlement. 2.75 km to Ghangharia. the summer settlements from May to early Oct. Bhyundar. these villagers migrate to Bhyundar and Ghangharia. Pulna. the men folk move further 3.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Govind Ghat exist between the Park fringe and the motor road. Ghangharia. Except the school going children and few elderly people. which is the central place/base in upper valley for tourist activities for 4 months from June – September every year.8. and Hemkunt to cater the needs of tourists during summer. Earlier almost each family had an average of 45 such temporary shops scattered haphazardly along the route. Now these commercial 2-76 . The local population at present is about 79 families/households (about 375 persons in 2003) in Pulna.1 Tourism based Economy Commercial Establishments and Tourist Accommodation Numerous tea/snack shops-cum-temporary rest sheds have come up between Govind Ghat. Govind Dham Gurdwara is the largest building complex established at Ghangharia on the land where long ago a small 2-77 .depending upon the suitability of the locality for business) per tourist season. are registered. Bhyundar under the aegis of the Department of Forests (created under the provisions of State Government’s Joint Forest Management Rules and funding made available from the World Bank Forestry Project to create revolving fund) and the numbers of such establishment enroute has drastically come down to 63 shops from Govind Ghat to Ghangharia and 15 shops from Ghangharia to Hemkunt Sahib. while at Ghangharia itself some 43 private establishments of lodges/restaurants/photo studios/souvenir shops. etc.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report establishments have recently been registered and regularised by a local NGO body known as Eco-Development Committee (EDC). 5000/.to 17000/. These establishments erected on Private/Nap land are called “Chak” and those on Forestland are called “Chatti” and these are either run by the villagers themselves or given on rent (it was observed that such rent varied from Rs. e. Due to its high accommodation capacity that is free apart from free food arrangements (Langar).Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Dharamshala of 3 rooms of Baba Kali Kamali Trust. nearing end of tourist season due to fierce competition between 20 odd private lodges to get high occupancy by providing cheap accommodation to the extent possible. i. Moreover. the nature of visitation in this region being predominantly for a religious tourism and with the availability of free facilities of Gurdwara. the private lodge owners hardly get Rs. 50-100/. majority of the visitors who are mainly on pilgrimage to Hemkunt Sahib avail the Gurdwara facility. the economic flow in favour of the local communities is highly affected.per bed in peak tourism season or Rs. The government provided accommodation like GMVN Tourist Rest House (TRH) and Forest Rest House (FRH) charge relatively high and fixed tariffs. Thus. the overall spatial development and growth of Ghangharia has already happened in a haphazard manner after felling numerous trees. while structures have poor architectural 2-78 . 200/.per bed in Sep. Kolkata existed as the only means of accommodation at Ghangharia. Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report aesthetics/construction quality with no proper water supply or solid waste disposal system in place. since generations before the Valley of Flowers was found or when they trekked to Lokpal Temple and Sarovar for years. basically encroachments without any prior approval from Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF)/ Central Government. on a land which is part of the biosphere. along with the unresolved controversy of whether it is developed on Reserve Forest land or Van Panchayat land or Revenue land. much before the sacred relevance of this place as Hemkunt Sahib as well was discovered. These establishments are thus. The owners of these establishments who are also the local villagers as well as members of village community/EDC/Van Panchayat are trying to get the land of Ghangharia declared as Revenue land from the district/state administration so that after such declaration all 2-79 . and which was never meant for creating permanent structures for accommodation/commercial use and was never under any permanent occupancy for residential/commercial use of the local community of Pulna/Bhyundar. It is observed that of these 53 survey units/plots. and any regularisation can be considered only if government had taken any decision with reference to some eligibility criteria (in accordance with local needs and conditions) for regularisation before 25/10/1980. 1980. Hence.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report the structures/encroachments with their land holdings can get regularised and get individual ownerships registered with the Department of Revenue. 2-80 . as per the Forest (Conservation) Act. As per the provisions of the Forest (Conservation) Act. This revenue survey map was in draft state during this study with a record of 53 establishments (including the trek path area as circulation space within the Ghangharia base settlement) spread over an area of 2. Joshimath in Nov.638 ha. the regularisation in the present case of Ghangharia is expected to be a difficult issue. in no case any of those encroachments which have taken place after 24/10/1980 should be regularised. 52 came into existence before end of 1980. 1980. 2002 as a prerequisite to the proposal of regularisation. of Revenue. However. the encroached land in Ghangharia has been surveyed by the Dept. Also at present no fee is charged for the temporary mule shed facility erected by mule operators during the tourist season on the vacant government land. 2-81 . Only.per day per guide through this activity. Ramnagar. like Nazibabad. 100/. almost all the earnings from these services goes to outside persons. 2500/. the porters.per mule is charged on this trek path near Govind Ghat and at Ghangharia for Hemkunt Sahib trek and return from Ghangharia for cleaning of trek path.is collected from Chatti’s and only Rs.to Bhyundar. Thus. Guide/Nature Interpretation Services Some of the EDC members from the village are also trained guides in nature interpretation services and hence apart from their businesses they can earn additionally Rs. EDC collects Rs. Mules/Porters/Palki or Dandi Services Most of the mules that operate in the tourist season here are from the lower/southern areas of Uttaranchal/adjacent areas of UP. 20/.as eco-fee from Hotels/Lodges/Restaurants at Ghangharia while Rs. and palki/dandi carriers are mostly from Nepal or the nearby hilly regions or adjacent areas of UP. by Zila Panchayat at Ghangharia. an eco-development fee of Rs. 50/. Even for the household/commercial use goods to be carried by mules villagers normally pay per one-way trip about Rs. 750/.is collected from Chak Stalls in two installments for the 4-month tourist season for environmental management along the trek path. Even the persons that command the mules.from Govind Ghat to Pulna. Rs. etc. and Rs. 500/. Bijnor.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Currently. 1500/. buffaloes and cows of Bhyundar village numbering about 40-50 would also be left in the valley. The major camping sites were Bamini Dhaur. Besides. Commercialisation of Grasses The entire Bhyundar Valley in earlier days used to be a summer grazing ground for migratory pastoralists.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 150/. According to the local people every year two or three flocks (tolis) of sheep and goats would camp in the valley from early June to late September. Each 'toli' contained about 700-1000 sheep. The shepherds used two routes viz. After notification of the VOFNP since 2-82 . Khunt Khal. Tipra and Sewachand.. one from the present entrance to the valley via Pairra and another from Hanuman Chatti (from Badrinath side) to upland valley of Khunt Khal from where they would descend to upper slopes and further down to the centre of the valley. goats and a few horses.to Ghangharia. The shepherds would use about 5 ha area at each place where their livestock would halt at night and let loose to roam freely on the slopes or flat lands during the day hours. 250/. and Rs. Bistoli.to reach establishments enroute Hemkunt Sahib. Lower Drunager. Thus. but now after early 1980s there has been a shift in grass collection pattern from domestic use to commercial utilisation. as mentioned earlier.5 litres of milk. Kanjila (to south of Ghangharia). and Roopdhunga. Now these families keep about 4-5 milch cattle (cows/buffalos) per household and each of them hardly produce 2-2.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 1981-82 the villagers have shifted their limited grazing activities to the lower and side valleys away from the National Park viz. while goat herds are hardly kept due to grazing issues (except the local village community of Govind Ghat which has some goat herds). the grasses were collected and stored for feeding of own livestock mainly during the winter season. 2-83 . At Govind Ghat. very few households in Bhyundar/Pulna village keep mules and there would be hardly 8-10 mules in the village. most of the 800-1000 odd mules that are reported to operate in the peak tourist season here are from the outside areas. Also. the mules mostly feed on hay (which is brought from Ramnagar/Haldwani markets) and some jaggery and gram (chana). Semartoli. Earlier.. and Rajkharak (which are towards west from Bhyundar village). Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report But. the option to harvest grasses when it is available in abundance in this region (starting from Aug.-Nov. and due to inhospitable climatic conditions around the Bhyundar valley.) and later they gradually proceed to distant locations like Pulna (Oct. Not all the households get involved in the collection and sale of grasses. Women folk are mainly responsible for collecting these grasses initially from nearby mountain slopes (Aug. local people from these villages collect and sell grasses to the contractors who in turn sell these grasses to prospective buyers (mostly mule operators) at Ghangharia. when grasses become mature and attain maximum height) is also limited for short period of time. to meet the feed requirement of these mules/ponies when they trek from Govind Ghat –Ghangharia . This involves tremendous hard work (women spend about 3 – 4 hours daily on this grass collection activity) and risk as every year few women are injured and reported even 2-84 .Hemkunt Sahib and return.Sep. Due to migration of manpower to Bhyundar and Ghangharia in tourist season.) to cover as much area till the beginning of snowfall. Rs. however. Introduction of tested high yield can save the women folk from the drudgery of time-consuming grass collection activity. Most of the collected grasses become dry. period of availability of grass. for the purpose of welfare 2-85 . as they are collected during the end of the season.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report dead due to fall from the mountain slopes. While Van Panchayat may also donate/share such amount collected with the Gram Sabha in a ratio decided as per mutual understanding in a particular grassharvesting year. 3000/. as green grasses fetch lower prices. Improving the breed /health management of cattle is also an area of concern that needs intervention and assistance from the state’s Department of Animal Husbandry. Since the grasses are collected from the Van Panchayat land. so that they can be gainfully involved in other economic activities (like various activities discussed in Chapter 10 & 11 in which during the study Mahila Mandal has shown interest) as well as being a provider of nutritional grasses will improve milch cattle yield.is charged from each interested household per Aug.-Nov. if the grasses are green they are sun dried and stored. 6/.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report works in the village. while the contractor in turn sells it to mule operators at Rs. The villagers sell green grass at Rs. 2. 10/.per kg at Ghangharia. Telecommunication Services There are 3 PCO Local Call/STD/ISD booths at Ghangharia connected to a Satellite Telephone Exchange of Department of Telecommunications. 4/. 7/.8. These booths are good source of earning due to presence of large number of tourists and limited number of such booths.per kg at Ghangharia. The current rates reported are given below: • • The villagers sell dry grass at Rs.2 Agro-based Economy Agricultural Harvests 2-86 . Such facilities do not exist enroute the trek path or at Bhyundar or Pulna. these families/households sell their rights to the contractors by bidding and the contractor with highest amount in the bid is granted the contract. and these families may earn additionally about Rs. 10000-15000/.per kg to the contractor. while the contractor in turn sells it to mule operators at Rs.in this activity.per kg to the contractor. In practice. At Govind Ghat also few PCO Local Call/STD/ISD booths exist connected to Satellite Telephone Exchange at Pandukeshwar. This cycle of growing only one crop in either of these fields and leaving them vacant on alternate season basis continues every year. after which some vegetables are grown on these field and later these fields are left vacant during snow till next Mar. and get harvested in mid-Sep. While the fields (that remain vacant during snow) near the village settlement are sown with potato in Mar./Apr./Dec. At Bhyundar by Sep. end to be harvested in next Jul. and after that in these fields wheat is sown in Sep. people of Bhyundar/Pulna have very low agricultural land holding per household (about 1/2 ha or less). and again starts growing in Mar. with the exception that those households who have very small holdings and get hardly an yield of wheat would normally prefer to grow potato in both 2-87 .Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Unfortunately. Thus./Apr. end wheat is sowed in villagers’ owned fields across the river Bhyundar Ganga and the small plant shoots of the crop get covered under snow from Nov./Apr. after snow melts and is ready for harvesting in Jul. there is a scarcity of fertile agricultural land and the feasibility of growing crop species are also reported to be low in this valley. Similarly. After that. etc. Horticultural Harvests 2-88 . end either wheat is sown or vegetables is sown and later the fields are left vacant when under snow and grow in next year Chaulai/ Mandwa/ Rajma as per the need of the household in May-Jun. Other lentils and spices are bought from market from Joshimath. till Mar. at the village settlement side of the valley. The snow falls from Jan. i. at Pulna village the agricultural fields of the villagers are only on one side of the river Bhyundar Ganga. and harvest the same in Nov. The residual of agricultural crops is not sold in market and is rather stored for own domesticated animals for winter.e.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report seasons. This traditional variety of potato that grows here has a good demand outside this valley. which is the lean period as far as fodder. and feed is concerned. Here potato is sown in Mar. and harvested in Sep.-Apr. by Sep.-Feb. Flour is prepared from Chaulai grains (called Ramdana) and from Mandwa grains (called Koda-black seeds). and wheat is harvested in Jul. villagers have started planting fruit trees near their homesteads/fallow land/land not suitable for crops. Thus. plums. Apart from potato. agro-forestry which suits to the local settings and which do not hamper the basic crop yield may be promoted in these villages of Bhyundar/Pulna or in vacant Van Panchayat lands. and during the tourist season. and apples and these are available in few stalls. This activity will also result in availability of another avenue of fodder and fuel to individuals mostly from their own fields to save them from the drudgery of fodder and fuel wood collection and thereby to reduce pressure on the nearby reserve forest areas. coriander is grown in summers and good quality cabbage. mustard. chilli. beans. and spinach is harvested in winters before snow period. garlic. 2.3 Fuel Type & Usage 2-89 .8. vegetables like onion.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report To supplement the agricultural income. The market for local fruits and vegetable has also grown at Bhyundar/Pulna and in markets of Ghangharia & Govind Ghat village. cabbage. tourists absorb fruits like pears. 2-90 .at Pulna. Gurdwara’s have more Kerosene stove burners than LPG burners. and Rs. heating water for bathing/washing. 250/.at Ghangharia.at Govind Ghat. 400/. most of the tea/snack stalls enroute and at lodges/restaurants at Ghangharia use LPG and Kerosene. When transported through mules.per litre while LPG cylinder costs Rs. the LPG cylinder costs approximately Rs. 20/. the share of LPG as cooking fuel is about 3540%. while the consumption of fuel wood (fallen wood branches/twigs collected by women from Van Panchayat land or Forest land) is about 55-60%. During the tourist season. and lighting fire to get warmth in cold nights. Women normally collect fuel wood twice a week and wood collected in one 6-hour effort lasts about 3 days. Rs.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Cooking Fuel Cooking fuel is normally used for cooking. and rest about 5% share is of kerosene as cooking fuel. 300/. Though 80% of the households of Pulna/Bhyundar village have LPG connections. One LPG cylinder also gets consumed within a month. 350/at Bhyundar. Kerosene costs about Rs. Kerosene per litre costs approximately at Rs. Some wood is also used for lighting fire to get warmth at Hemkunt Sahib Shrine. Usage of wood and diesel fuel adds to some air pollution in the Bhyundar valley. the impending desire to earn more money has also 2-91 . and Rs. 22/. while 30-40 % share would be of LPG. 27/. As the money has started flowing in this valley due to arrival of large number of tourists. 300 litres at Ghangharia and 100 litres at Hemkunt Sahib).Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Similarly. but the level seems to be low enough to be absorbed by the nature. Some other establishments also keep small 5 KV generators run on kerosene. and in cold nights by labours/porters. Generator Fuel Gurdwaras at Govind Ghat. For these commercial establishments the percentage share of kerosene as cooking/heating fuel is again high and would be about 60%. Rs.at Bhyundar.at Ghangharia.at Pulna. 30/. These consume about 800 litres of diesel in 2 days (about 400 litres at Govind Ghat. Ghangharia and Hemkunt Sahib are the main establishments that use diesel generators for getting sufficient power. masons. Thus. herd cattle. 40. which does not want to loose any knocking opportunity. etc. So. 1.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report increased amongst the local community.000/to Rs. due of availability of market for various activities/services during the tourist season. Their character has turned into a typical business community. the dependency of these local communities has shifted from marginal farming. in off-season months either these men folk support agriculture. labourers. to earn additionally so that they can live an average 2-92 .00. which even with the help of limited agricultural produce/residual fodder or sale of grass on contract for mule consumption during tourist season is not able to ease the difficulty in providing an average quality of life. indigenous agro-forestry and rearing livestock to tourism based economy to a very high extent.based on the tourism business they undertake. This has also affected in turn their educational growth and most of the youngsters discontinue further education after high-school level due to pressure to earn more and as early as possible from the tourist season.000/. or work as civil contractors. Each family is able to earn in this tourist season approximately from Rs. or other full time professions. Auli) 3. Badrinath/ 8 (incl.Valley of Flowers– GhanghariaHemkunt– GhanghariaGovind Ghat– Joshimath– Rudraprayag– Rishikesh /Haridwar/ Dehra Dun Note: Combined Tour possible from mid-May to September Dehra Dun / Haridwar / Rishikesh – Joshimath – Govind Ghat – Ghangharia -Valley of Flowers Ghangharia Hemkunt – Ghangharia . Rishikesh Joshim ath / Govind Govind Ghat / Joshim Rishikesh Panch Prayag. Pandukesh -war. Badrinath/ Mana.9 Current Tourist Circuits and Routes Some of the existing tourist circuits to visit in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Region and other nearby tourism centres are listed in Table 2. Kedarnath. Auli) 1.3: Current Tourist Circuits and Routes Sr. D’Dun / Haridwar & Rishikesh Govind Ghat Govind Ghat D’Dun / Rishikesh & Haridwar Rishikesh. 2. 7.3 below: Table 2.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report quality of life. No Entry Airport / Rail Head D’Dun / Haridwar & Rishikesh Entry Point Govind Ghat Dehra Dun/ Haridwar / Rishikesh– Rudraprayag– Gaurikund– KedarnathGaurikund– Rudraprayag– Joshimath– Govind Ghat– Badrinath/Mana – Govind GhatGhangharia. Auli Ski Resorts Total Duration (Days) 10 (excl. Badrinath/ Mana. Kedarnath. Auli) 2-93 . Pandukesh -war.Govind Ghat – Badrinath/Mana – Govind Ghat – Joshimath – Rishikesh / Haridwar / Deharadun Rishikesh – Joshimath – Govind Ghat – Ghangharia -Valley of Route Exit Point Govind Ghat Exit Airport / Rail Head D’Dun / Rishikesh & Haridwar Near by Tourist Centres Rishikesh. Auli Ski Resorts 7 (excl. Very few people are there who are employed in defence. ParsariJoshimath. some more destinations in Chamoli district like. Auli first or last) 5.Rishikesh Delhi – Haridwar – Rishikesh – Joshimath/Auli – Govind Ghat – Ghangharia . Nanda Devi Sanctuary (A National Park and core zone of Nanda Devi Biosphere 2-94 . Badrinath/ Mana. other Panch Kedars. Trek from Ghat to Auli and to Joshimat h) Based on one’s tour plans and time availability and interests.Dhakwani. Pandukesh -war. Pana.Valley of Flowers Ghangharia Hemkunt – Ghangharia .Govind Ghat – Badrinath/Mana Joshimath – Auli – Joshimath . Auli Ski Resorts 9 (excl. No Entry Airport / Rail Head Entry Point Ghat Route Exit Point Flowers Ghangharia Hemkunt – Ghangharia .Jhenjipani . Badrinath/ Mana. Delhi (By Road) Ghat/ Govind Ghat Govind Ghat Delhi (By Road) Ghat. Auli) 6. Dhakwani. Badrinath/ Mana. Pandukesh -war. Pandukesh -war.GhanghariaHemkunt Sahib Govind Ghat – Badrinath/ManaGopeshwar. Panch Prayag.Govind Ghat.Govind Ghat – Badrinath/Mana Joshimath – Rishikesh – Haridwar . Auli Ski Resorts 20 (incl. Jhenjipani. Delhi (By Road) Govind Ghat Govind Ghat Delhi (By Road) Panch Prayag. other Panch Badris. Ramni.Kuari Pass .Delhi Delhi.SrinagarGhat.Auli.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Sr.Ramni. Auli Ski Resorts 10 (incl. Kuari Pass.Govind Ghat/ Badrinath/Mana Joshimath/ Auli – Rishikesh – Haridwar Delhi Delhi – Haridwar – Rishikesh – Joshimath – Govind Ghat – Ghangharia -Valley of Flowers Ghangharia Hemkunt – Ghangharia .Pana. Delhi (By Road) Joshim ath / Govind Ghat Govind Ghat / Joshim ath Delhi (By Road) Panch Prayag.HaridwarDeoprayag. Auli Ski Resorts Total Duration (Days) 4. Pandukesh -war.RishikeshDelhi ath Exit Airport / Rail Head Near by Tourist Centres Mana. Homkund. and the way the newly discovered sacred place achieved legitimacy in the minds of the pilgrims. However. 7. thus the average annual growth of visitors since 1993 being 65. The tourist flow in this area within the short 4-months of tourist season has increased significantly over the years.4%. The visitation to Valley of Flowers as per the 15th Sep 2003 figures from the Forest Range Check-Post shows a record visitor arrival of 6321 persons with the average annual growth since 1993 being 27.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Reserve (NDBR).4 below.10 Tourists/Visitors Arrival The tourist season begins from 5th of June every year after the snow period is over and road accessibility on Badrinath route for Govind Ghat is open by end of Apr. there were only about 500 odd visitors. Gurdwara’s at Ghangharia and Hemkunt Sahib start getting ready from last week of May for the coming tourist season. when the Govind Dham Durbar at Ghangharia closes before the start of oncoming snow period. In the 2003 season till end of September month. etc. Ali Bugyal. Bedni Bugyal. the major share of the visitors goes to Hemkunt Sahib and the share has been increasing from 85% in 1993 to 98. as listed in the Table 2. The incredible growth of the sacred journey in a short time.4% as per the figures of 2003 season. 2-95 . Roopkund. It is reported that in 1977. are fascinating subjects of study in themselves. 388108 persons visited the Hemkunt Sahib Shrine. can also be explored mostly by long treks.2%. The numbers of pilgrims to Hemkunt Sahib have been steadily multiplying from the time of its discovery in the 1930's until today. The visitation to this area normally ends by 5th October when the Hemkunt Sahib Durbar closes and 8th Oct. Joshimath (as in "The Landscape Management Plan of NDBR"). Joshimath. while for Oct it is added from Tourist Bureau. Joshimath.4: Tourist Arrival figures in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt in past one decade Year IND 2033 1345 1052 934 1094 340 503 804 1959 3250 64 435 1307 471 973 5316 233 3116 1672 295 Valley of Flowers SDS GOS FOR 171 150 38 66 384 89 11 151 49 88 33 267 7 277 13 851 134 0 713 41 5 0 23 5 133 16 552 10 10 116 0 889 11 16 86 770 18 88 1 15 Total 2204 1495 1090 1473 1305 461 777 1094 2944 4004 69 463 1456 1033 983 6321 260 3972 1778 311 Hemkunt Sahib IND FOR Total 12500 125 12625 10200 0 10200 15222 143 15365 16231 89 16320 72157 34 72191 101378 98 101476 109246 52 109298 327550 0 327550 210980 0 210980 340578 0 340578 148252 0 148252 95258 0 95258 80623 0 80623 12200 0 12200 4245 0 4245 388108 0 388108 162297 0 162297 83246 0 83246 80245 0 80245 62320 0 62320 Ghangharia Base IND FOR Total 14550 350 14900 12300 150 12450 13590 0 13590 Govind Ghat Base IND FOR Total 49000 25 49025 48814 156 48970 50005 143 50148 50454 89 50543 225600 142 225742 108372 145 108517 109923 102 110025 180890 40 180930 62763 41 62804 86091 66 86157 48266 15 48281 18517 12 18529 10466 12 10478 8240 15 8255 602 12 614 164566 84 164650 68232 12 68244 28462 16 28478 37642 52 37694 30230 4 30234 1993 1994 1995 1996* 1997* 1998* 1999* 2000* 2001* 95482 40 95522 2002*^ 179301 52 179353 Jun 102460 0 102460 Jul 50212 8 50220 Aug 15631 18 15649 Sep 9432 8 9440 Oct 1566 18 1584 2003** 279462 68 279530 Jun 120322 16 120338 Jul 65240 20 65260 Aug 45260 22 45282 Sep 48640 10 48650 Note: The main source for tourist arrival data in general is Tourist Bureau. * 1996-2001 data for Valley of Flowers is from "The Landscape Management Plan of NDBR" collected from DFO. the figures for Valley of Flowers is cross checked with DFO. Other blank cells indicate data being not available. ** 2003 data for Valley of Flowers is obtained from Forest Range Office Check-Post at Valley of Flower Entrance & it does not include Govt.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Table 2. or staying at Ghangharia and Govind Ghat the figures till Sep 30 as available with Tourism Bureau Office. *^ 2002 data (from Jun to Sep) for Valley of Flowers is obtained from Conservator & Eco-Tourism Officer. 2-96 . Officials as visitors and last updated data available is till 15th Sep 2003. Gopeshwar. For other visitors to Hemkunt Sahib. Gopeshwar & Joshimath. Dehra Dun. However. Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 7. new side walls. Also. etc.11. or Ghangharia to Hemkunt Sahib or return to Govind Ghat. buses (State Roadways/GMOU for about 11 hours ride to Joshimath and further 1 hour ride to Govind Ghat) and shared taxis (for 9 hours ride to Joshimath and further 1 hour ride to Govind Ghat) are available till Badrinath through Joshimath and Govind Ghat from where the trek to Valley of Flowers – Hemkunt region starts. porters.when starting from each such location at the respective EDC Check-posts.11. Trek path improvement was taken up after Rs. About 800-1000 mules operate on this trek path in peak season (about 500-600 at Govind Ghat and 300-400 are available from Ghangharia). Mule.00 pm. slip repair. Ghangharia. the operators have to pay an eco-fee of Rs. Mules are generally available from midway also. Shelter sheds were also planned in this budget but could not be constructed. Refer Table 2. MS railing. If the mules are hired from Govind Ghat. this is done to regulate traffic as one way for a period in either direction and regulating traffic flow on the treacherous route. like from Govind GhatGhangharia. Though the charges for transport services on trek trails are fixed by Zila Panchayat. Ghangharia to Valley of Flowers.1 Transportation From Hardwar/Rishikesh/Dehra Dun. there are no buses from Rishikesh to Joshimath or vice-versa after 9. Chamoli. Note: From Joshimath to Govind Ghat buses and shared taxis are allowed from 6:30 am to 4:30 pm (in intervals) as per the "gate system" and the gates remain closed after 4:30 pm for all vehicles.2 Guides. the gates open at 7:50 am (in intervals) and last time at 5:45 pm. since vehicles do not ply on these roads after dark. they are normally negotiable and can vary depending on the destination for which these services are hired. & Palki/Dandi Services From Govind Ghat ponies/mules. Every day in the tourist season. For Govind Ghat to Joshimath. repair of side walls. 2.Hemkunt or Govind Ghat-Hemkunt and back. stone benches.00 lakhs was sanctioned in Dec 1998 and in 2001-2003 about 90% of the amount has been spent by PWD on cement concrete work in stone kharanja. Porters. 5000/. 20/.5 for the rates for hiring porters/mules/palki services fixed by Zila Panchayat as applicable for tourist season in year 2002-2003. from the Govind Ghat cable suspension bridge end to 7 km point. Palkies are available at about Rs.charge to and fro from Hemkunt Sahib. and palkies/dandies can be hired.11 Tourist Infrastructure 2. 30. 5-97 . 00 20. Up to 50 > 50 Up to 60 > 60 Up to 60 > 60 325.00 475.00 400.00 20.00 20. excluding Rs. For Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt nature visit.00 100.00 20.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Table 2. 2.00 780.by palki. Particulars of Trek Weight (kg) Labour Charge (Rs.5: Rates fixed for Hiring Mules/Porters/Palkies or Dandi in 2003 Sr.00 20. 500/.00 > 50 520. 1.00 1580.00 20.00 4940. and Rs.00 475.00 1560.00 2620.00 20.00 540. C.00 2600.00 540.00 670.) Total Fee (Rs.) Service Fee (Rs.00 20.00 20.00 390.00 1.00 1040.00 3270.00 605. Palki/Dandi – Carried by 4 Person Up to 60 455. and the normal rates charged are Rs.00 3250.00 100. District Chamoli’s Rate Display Board at Govind Ghat.00 20.00 345.00 800. 2. B.) Govind Ghat to Hemkunt Sahib & Back to Govind Ghat Porter Mule/Pony Palki/Dandi – Carried by 4 Person Palki/Dandi – Carried by 6 Person Govind Ghat to Ghangharia and Ghangharia to Hemkunt Sahib & Back to Ghangharia – Rates are same Porter Mule/Pony Palki/Dandi – Carried by 4 Person Palki/Dandi – Carried by 6 Person Ghangharia to Valley of Flowers & Back to Ghangharia Porter Up to 50 > 50 Up to 60 > 60 Up to 60 > 60 520.00 410.00 20.00 2.00 1060.00 20.by mule. 100/.per day. Rs.00 200.00 20.00 455. 3.00 585. No.as Service Fee).by porter. EDC trained guides from local community (of Bhyundar/Pulna village) are available for a charge of Rs.) Night Rest Charge (Rs. 5-98 . (Separate charges for return from Ghangharia to Govind Ghat is not mentioned in the above display board. A.00 200. 20/. 150/.00 780.00 20.00 20.00 4960.00 20. 1500/.00 Palki/Dandi – Carried by 6 Person > 60 650.00 Source: Zila Panchayat.00 300. Mules are however are not permitted for trek travel in Valley of Flowers National Park.00 - Up to 50 390. 1. 3.00 410.00 800. vomiting.5 kg of jaggery and 2 kg of gram (chana). In no case you should litter the trek path/surroundings. Using a walking stick will help you to keep your balance and your rhythm while you are walking. Though there are medical clinic/dispensary facilities available at Govind Ghat and Ghangharia. Also carry one when you go up to Hemkunt Sahib. are quite expensive and prices vary as one treks up. and nuts for consumption. Consider bringing some extra sweets to hand out to those others along the way who may need them. mule operators do not pay any fees for this temporary mule shed facility at present. The mule operators buy the grass from local contractors at Ghangharia at the rate of about Rs. 6/. 810 kg of local grass and about 10 litres of water. • • • 5-99 . But remember to throw any wrapper/plastic waste only in waste bins or try to keep with yourself and carry them back to plains. Matches and candles are available in for purchase.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Mule Sheds and Food Arrangements There are no proper mule sheds enroute. cotton/gauze. while available along the trail.per kg. cold. etc. the vacant government land is utilised by Zila Panchayat and since the infrastructure is not developed on this land. You may need it on the way back down. Each mule consumes per day about 0. while Trekking? • Always carry a torch or flashlight if you are out walking after sunset or before sunrise. dizziness. cold drinks.per kg of dry grass. A Note on What to Carry. but consider bringing some with you as well. Carry a mix of sweets. Bring some first aid supplies and medicines with you for headache. dehydration. cough medicine. asthma. and an Army hospital in Joshimath. tape. chocolates. And do not forget to carry water. antiseptics. fever. and bottled mineral water. Make certain each person carries his or her own in case your group becomes separated on the path. and they end up walking after dark. At Govind Ghat / Ghangharia / Hemkunt Sahib mules rest in temporary sheds with walls and roof cover of polythene sheets with kutcha floor filled up with stinking dung & urine. antibiotics. as no path lighting arrangements exist in last stretches when trekking near Ghangharia or Govind Ghat during dark/bad weather. At Ghangharia. the journey takes much longer than they expect. indigestion. one should be aware that medical care in the region is very basic and limited. as you would need high energy on the trek. and the local water supply is not reliable/hygienic at present to drink. dry fruits. other painkillers (gel/spray). Beverages like. For many people. 10/. bandages. These sticks are available at Govind Ghat and Ghangharia base settlements. coffee. It is easy to become dehydrated during strenuous exercise. There were hardly 1 or 2 instances where the concerned stall enroute had provided a polythene sheet canopy across the stall for mules to rest. and green/wet grass at about Rs. tea. and Joshimath enroute to Valley of FlowersHemkunt Region. vomiting.tea. difficulty breathing. Srinagar. Your body adjusts to the altitude slowly. 5-100 . managed by the same trust that oversees the operation of the pilgrimage to Hemkunt Sahib. Dress in warm. offer food and lodging at Haridwar. Govind Ghat also offers a Gurdwara. but one has to sleep on floor (mattresses and blankets provided) with other fellow travellers/pilgrims. 2.11. or soft drinks. At Ghangharia the accommodation facilities are: • • • • • Forest Rest House GMVN Tourist Rest House (lodging facilities on pre-reservation) Private Lodges: Room Tariffs vary as per the facilities and in-flow of tourists. dry clothes and drink plenty of beverages . Try to spend as much time as possible in the hills before going all the way up to Hemkunt. Watch for the following symptoms of altitude sickness: headaches. water. hot water that is must at these cold temperatures is unavailable through piped means. 20.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • Precautions: Altitude sickness is a very serious risk along the journey to higher altitudes like.3 Accommodation & Food Arrangements Accommodation for Visitors Enroute & at Base: Sikh Gurdwaras. few private lodges and forest rest house for night stay. Don't let yourself become chilled or dehydrated. Govind Dham Gurdwara: Open to all. If you or members of your group have these symptoms. cold extremities. Ghangharia is the base settlement offering accommodation facilities to the tourists for night halt either for onward travel to Valley of flowers and Hemkunt Sahib or return travel to Govind Ghat. Though the accommodation in rest houses/lodges has attached bathrooms/toilets with piped water supply (direct/continuous intake from Lakshman / Hem Ganga stream and supplied through pipes provided through own arrangements of these establishments). disorientation. Rishikesh.00 per bucket for the needy. But water separately heated on large kerosene/gas stoves are provided by these establishments at a cost of about Rs. Altitude sickness can be life-threatening. Try not to become over-tired. please go back down where more oxygen is available in the air to get alleviation from these symptoms and getting relief. dizziness. juice. For night stay Joshimath has GMVN TRH facility (2 TRH’s) available. Hemkunt Sahib. Own tents can also be pitched in vacant (flat/terraced) Van Panchayat land at Kanjila (a hew hundred meters before Ghangharia) by individual tourists / tour groups on a nominal fee to Van Panchayat. of Rooms incl. and which cascades down the slope joining Lakshman /Hem Ganga which flows downstream towards Ghangharia. There were no lifeguards observed. a small diversion from the Sarovar passes through a small room (totally covered and within the lower storey it is a part of Gurdwara itself) providing water where women take bath and change clothes. Facilities for Holy Bath (Ishnan) at Hemkunt Sarovar: The Sarovar water is frigid/cold. Govind Ghat** Gurdwara^ Private Lodges/Hotels FRH Sub-Total 2. The existing accommodation capacity is listed in the Table 2. No. Men take bath by the side of the lake behind the Gurdwara. For women. visitors need to return back and stay at nights in Govind Dham Gurdwara/other accommodation at Ghangharia. however the Gurdwara staff (many of them young volunteers/sevadars) were expected to take care of emergency requirements.6 below. of Facility No. Dormitory No.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report At Site: At Valley of Flowers. of Beds Base Settlement on Trek Route* 1. Similarly.6: Existing Accommodation Capacity Sr. Table 2. being declared the National Park night stay is not permitted. Hence. Ghangharia Gurdwara^^ Private Lodges/Hotels GMVN TRH FRH Sub-Total Total Base Settlement on Motor Route 1 20 1 1 Small & Big Halls 220 15 2 1 10 1 Small & Big Halls 119 2 6000 414 4 6418 3000 651 62 4 3717 10135 5-101 . Settlement Facility Type No. There is a roofed structure with sides open by the side of the lake where men change clothes. at Hemkunt Sahib accommodation facilities are only for Gurdwara Staff and Lokpal staff in the Gurdwara and small Dharamshala respectively and they do not encourage general stay for those who are not acclimatised to staying at such heights due to conditions of severe cold and relatively low level of oxygen. The bathing space for men and women are completely different and separated. No. with exception of tetra packaging for thicker fluids like fruit drinks/juices). Dormitory No. Eateries & Other Facilities for Visitors Numerous small teashops. which can offer shelter (by local residents sharing their dwelling units) in an emergency of trek path getting blocked or Camping in tents is provided with the permission of DFO. Yatra Office at Rishikesh. if required. of Rooms incl. its Garhwal region. One normally rests at various Chak and Chatti stalls enroute. and Hemkunt Sahib to cater to the needs of tourists during summer. ** Though Govind Ghat is also on motor route. Rest Shelters Enroute There are no rest shelters enroute. even to meet the needs of rush season. many District Tourist Bureau/Offices within Garhwal region of Uttaranchal For various facilities/services provided by Department of Tourism. All the visitors have to sleep on floors for which enough mattresses and blankets are available. Joshimath through EDC assistance.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Sr. while the Gurdwaras at Govind Ghat and Ghangharia offer free food at the Langar facility. it is the settlement from where normally the trek starts in the morning during onward journey to Ghangharia/Hemkunt Sahib and the return treks end at Govind Ghat in the evening. one can contact GMVN Head Office at Dehra Dun. and temporary sheds have come up between Govind Ghat. of Beds Joshimath Gurdwara Private Lodges/Hotels GMVN TRH (New) GMVN TRH (Old) FRH 408 20 20 3 1126 68 68 6 1268 Total Note: * Pulna (about 3 km from Govind Ghat) and Bhyundar (about 9 km from Govind Ghat) are the only villages. of Facility 1 45 1 1 1 No. Similarly at Hemkunt Sahib free hot khichri & tea and prasad is served to all the visitors. if on Forest land of the non-core zone area. ^^ Gurdwara at Ghangharia can accommodate upto 12000 visitors in rush season (Jun-Jul). Pulna. Ghangharia. Uttaranchal State in 5-102 . Food is also available at many restaurants at Govind Ghat and Ghangharia. Food is normally said to be provided free from the Gurdwara Langar facility. Accommodation for Mule Operators/Porters Mule operators/porters live in temporary sheds with walls and roof cover of polythene sheets with no toilet facilities. For quenching thirst with hygienic drinking water one has to mainly depend on the packaged mineral water or soft drinks (mostly in plastic bottles. snack bars. Only very few stone masonry benches exist. Bhyundar. ^ Gurdwara at Govind Ghat can accommodate upto 6000 persons comfortably. Settlement Facility Type No. 1. it has done a commendable job by collecting more than 4000 sacks of non-biodegradable/harmful waste (i. At Ghangharia bio-degradable waste is disposed 5-103 . One can easily see non-biodegradable plastic waste litter in this water stream near the water intake at Ghangharia. and Youth Valley Development Committee (YVDC)/Yuvak Mandal till 1999-2000 before the EDC took over cleaning task since June 2003. Bio-degradable solid waste is currently disposed off at Hemkunt Sahib by dumping behind the Gurdwara’s Langar facility and also from the kitchen/utensil cleaning area it flows down from the pucca open drains and falls into the Lakshman/Hem Ganga stream. Ghangharia and Hemkunt Sahib apart from additional litter which is still to be collected in sacks (which got littered in few days after EDC stopped cleaning the path by end of Sept 2003) and needs to be picked up for bringing them down to Govind Ghat. which included lot of uncollected waste accumulated over many years. However at the time of revision of the report. till the year 2002.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report State. However. EDC cleaning staff continues to collect about average 2-3 sacks of nonbiodegradable and harmful waste per day per km for the Govind Ghat – Ghangharia – Hemkunt stretch.html and www. 150/. the cleanliness of the trek path and solid waste collection was done by various agencies. and many Public Relations Offices (PROs) within India. all plastic waste.per mule is charged from Hemkunt Sahib to Govind Ghat (12-15 such trips are made per day). and many locations downstream. Attempts are being made to bring down all of these to Govind Ghat on regular basis through mules on contract (these are those mules which normally bring food/ration supplies for various establishments from Govind Ghat and when returning they carry non-biodegradable waste sacks to Govind Ghat).per mule from Ghangharia to Govind Ghat (20-25 such trips are made per day) and Rs. and has stacked them near Forest Rest House at Govind Ghat. Govind Ghat was formed since 2004.4 Solid Waste Management System In more than past two decades. the Director NDBR has informed that EDC.) in Jun-Jul 2003. etc. 250/.11. much more concerted efforts were felt necessary and after EDC took over the task of collection of solid waste and its temporary disposal. For instance. like by the State Department of Health (DoH) and by Zila Panchayat with some contribution from Mahila Mandal/Pulna village for a distance of some 6 km from Govind Ghat upto 3 km before Bhyundar in Oct-Nov.nic. one could easily see lots of plastic waste littered along the banks of river Alaknanda at Govind Ghat. But at the Govind Ghat itself it’s the Zilla Panchayat that has been responsible for cleanliness at the time of the study. at the end of the tourist season it was observed that these were not enough and some sacks are still lying around the trek path. batteries.com) 2. (Refer websites http://ua.gmvnl.e.in/uttaranchaltourism/index. However. each mule carries about 5 sacks and charges Rs. During the study. ) depending upon the space available enroute the trek path from Govind Ghat –Ghangharia – Hemkunt Sahib. For small waste collection canisters / empty drums & paint cans “waste bin” signage is painted shabbily in blue or yellow coloured background with text in red colour.for vocational training/ education/ exposure in tourism industry for the EDC. Bhyundar share and only 20% for Zila Panchayat till EDC. etc.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report off by dumping in open pits/lands by respective establishments like Gurdwara. Currently Govind Ghat gets piped water supply through gravity from a tank across river Alaknanda. and other members from the local host community of Bhyundar/Pulna for onseason and off-season employment. Govind Ghat under the provisions of State’s Joint Forest Management Rules and as part of the biosphere management. and getting feedback before finalising the training content) EDC/Forest Department is constructing many waste collection pits of random rubble stone masonry in various sizes (e. behind their premises at the banks of river Alaknanda.5 kg.g. Solid waste is assumed to be generated at the rate of 0. etc. 4 ft x 8 ft x 1 m deep. Planned Management Initiatives • • EDC. document the training needs. 4 ft x 4 ft x 1 m deep.5 Water Supply System Govind Ghat Govind Ghat has shortage of water supply. Govind Ghat was formed. While at Govind Ghat. bio-degradable waste is disposed off by dumping in open lands and kitchen/utensil cleaning area it flows down from the open drains from respective establishments like Gurdwara.11. Revenue sharing arrangement of EDC was expected to be increased to 60% for EDC. During the study. Community based tourism training is being planned by DFO (may take 15-20 days to facilitate. Another area of concern to be addressed is the provision of proper/affordable accommodation for the EDC cleaning staff during the tourist season. per person per day and about 10 kg per pair of mule per day. So that about 5-10% savings could be possible to utilise as revolving fund (apart from some funds made available through the world bank Forestry Project) . GMVN TRH. restaurants. restaurants. For proper collection of solid waste in the first place. EDC has provided either small canisters or empty fuel drums/paint cans throughout the trek route from Govind Ghat-Ghangharia-Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt Sahib. FRH. • • 2. etc. Mahila Mandal. either within their premises or just outside the premises. Bhyundar/Pulna village 5-104 . At the village settlements of Bhyundar/Pulna the bio-degradable solid waste is normally consumed when mixed with cattle feed and the waste from kitchen/utensil wash flows down through open drains to small local pits. Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Bhyundar has an old covered water tank system for piped water supply through gravity from a stream source upstream of village. These pipes run underneath the trek path. pipeline and later 1” dia. Similarly. 5-105 . Just at the start of the Main Parking on the road before entering Govind Ghat a new Toilet complex (2 seat & 2 urinals for men and 2 seat for women) has been built. Other effluents from kitchen/utensil wash flows down through open drains along the slopes into the river Alaknanda. Pulna has a ground storage tank (RCC CWR) of about 50 KL capacity.) in many places either when underneath or along the trek path at many locations enroute. 2”& 1-1/2’ size supply water through gravity to various local establishments. There is no provision for treatment of this water before supply. Also there is distinct possibility of contamination of this piped water. Other effluents from kitchen/utensil wash flows down through open drains along the slopes. The intake system currently is few GI pipes of 3”& 1-1/2’ sizes directly connected at one end to the Lakshman / Hem Ganga stream and other end pours through a rusted strainer into 2 small rusted drums and one open small square shaped stone pit about 200 m away and the head would be about 50’ above the Ghangharia settlement.11.6 km upstream of Pulna. etc.6 Sewerage Disposal System & Toilets Govind Ghat Sewage is mostly disposed through individual septic tanks and soak pits. The current system of supply in use is temporarily laid and managed by local establishments themselves. as it is exposed to stagnated dirty water/effluent (storm water/tap water/surface overflows from small streams getting mixed with mule excreta & urine. The water from Bhyundar Ganga is mostly fetched for regular use.) through gravity exists from a stone masonry pit water tank. 2. which collects water from a stream at a distance of about 4. From these drums and the pit few GI pipes of 3’’. other solid waste litter. Water posts with taps are erected at some places enroute the trek path and at present the water supply is free. This facility currently has a stone masonry water tank about 300m up from Ghangharia on Hemkunt route and 2 x 2” & 1 x 1 “ GI pipeline is already laid from this tank till the first embankment of broken bridge on Lakshman Ganga near Ghangharia. Pulna/Bhyundar Sewage is mostly disposed through individual septic tanks and soak pits. These pipes are running over the ground till the start of Ghangharia settlement and thereafter over the trek path/along the open drains within the Ghangharia settlement/market. piped water supply (2” dia. but it was not yet operational during the study period. hardly 40% of the households have in-house toilets at Pulna. However. Ghangharia Jal Nigam’s water supply arrangement is not operational at Ghangharia. Toilets Enroute • EDC has installed 5 urinal toilets (for men) made up of pre-fabricated wooden board body fixed on thin MS angle frames. Rest of the populace uses open fields for the daily routine. Though the water 5-106 . The floor and roof panels are empanelled with metal sheets. Other effluents from kitchen/utensil wash flows down through pucca open drains along into Lakshman /Hem Ganga. Ghangharia One public toilet building (2 seat for men and women each) is under construction near the entrance to Ghangharia. Other effluents from kitchen/utensil wash flows down through open drains along the slopes into open pits/rock pits. and its difficult to digest the fact that this happens at a place that is supposed to be sacred and this Lakshman / Hem Ganga water flows down and gets used for water supply at Ghangharia/Bhyundar/Pulna. Sewage is mostly disposed through individual septic tanks and soak pits. Sewage is mostly disposed through individual septic tanks and soak pits. fixed in the cabin.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report while at Bhyundar only 20% of the households are reported to have access to inhouse toilets. and a 5-unit toilet for women as well. Urine & detergent for washing linen/ bags & bathing by female visitors and Hemkunt staff also adds (as observed) to some pollution in the Lakshman /Hem Ganga stream. Each unit has only one temporarily hand made GI sheet funnel shaped urinals. Hemkunt Sahib At Hemkunt Sahib. it was reported that provision exists for a 5-unit toilet and an urinal for men. though not in very hygienic conditions. In some toilets on the Hemkunt Sahib route even the urinals were missing and the entire floor of the toilet was filled with defecated filth. There is one 15KL water tank about 300m above Ghangharia settlement. 2. These facilities are provided enroute from Govind Ghat to Ghangharia and Hemkunt Sahib. though the metered power supply through state electricity grid is available at Govind Ghat.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report supply pipe is fixed to the cabin there is no connection or taps for the same and no flushing mechanism as well. and few streetlights. Ghangharia Power supply at Ghangharia is through a Micro-Hydel Power Plant (commissioned in 1992-1993) which generates power. • The State Department of Health (DoH) has also installed urinal facility with natural stone/earth base (no urinal/WC seat) and wall enclosure on three sides as that that of poly sack material shabbily painted as a urinal facility. being connected to the piped water head of the Lakshman / Hem Ganga stream. Five solar streetlights are installed by UREDA at Bhyundar for community use of which one is not functioning at present. the voltage is low and power supply is also inconsistent. Pulna Metered power supply through state electricity grid is available till Pulna.7 Electricity Supply System Govind Ghat The Gurdwara Sri Hemkunt Sahib Management Trust has also made arrangements for 5-diesel generator sets to meet the electricity requirements. Bhyundar has its own pole mounted small electric transformer. as visitors defecate in the same. it adds to some air pollution). at the end of Kanjila at 12 km point another pole mounted small electric transformer exists before Ghangharia. The power line is broken at various places due to avalanche points near Bhyundar. The electric poles and wire line further extend towards Bhyundar/Ghangharia but is damaged due to avalanche at few locations leading to discontinuity of power through grid in those areas for quite sometime. Similarly. which needs to be filled up 5-107 . which consumes about 400 litres of diesel in 2 days (i. Bhyundar Power supply through state electricity grid is not available. as well as at 2 locations within Valley of Flowers (as the only toilet facility). The common complain is low voltage and insufficient hours of supply. while there is no disposal mechanism.11. This facility is neither aesthetic nor maintained hygienically at all.e. However. Pulna has its own pole mounted small electric transformer. damaged bearings.000/-. and 1 CFL of 11W. 2 lights at GMVN TRH. The supply is currently not metered. 35/. Bhyundar has 5 lights (1 faulty at present).g. Hence. a 12W 75AH battery. Each solar street light unit includes 2 pole mounted PV panels each of 37 W. Rs. 5-108 . which consumes about 100 litres of diesel in 2 days (i. while Govind Dham Gurdwara and the small telephone exchange requires about 12 KW load. of India gives a subsidy of Rs. complete with piped water supply head and turbine. 1 light at 10 km point near steel bridge. and collection of revenue from the consumers. Minor preventive maintenance is done by Gram Sabha staff (who is trained by UREDA) every day before starting the turbine and any post-breakdown maintenance (e. couplings. while one acts as a standby. each of 50 KW capacities are installed and alternatively run.000/. 11.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report from Lakshman / Hem Ganga stream whenever direct water pressure is less in the pipe normally in May-Jun months before the rains. The Trust has also made arrangements for a diesel generator to meet the electricity requirements for the cold environment. Full season (4 months) contracts are also done by Govind Dham Gurdwara for Rs. the load is reported to be sufficient by UREDA. which can glow for 12 hours from the daily solar charge. 80.per bulb point connection. it adds to some air pollution).e. 2 lights at FRH Complex.700/. This plant was set-up by UREDA and handed over to the Gram Sabha for operating. and the charges are collected monthly from consumers as Rs. Each street light unit costs approx. 24. thus adding to some air pollution (as they consume about 300 litres of fuel in 2 days).in Uttaranchal on which Govt. 4 lights at Govind Dham Gurdwara. etc. Hemkunt Sahib The Gurdwara Sri Hemkunt Sahib Management Trust runs its own micro-hydel power generation system of 15 KW capacity. undertaking preventive and minor breakdown maintenance. Street Lighting Path/Street Lighting: UREDA has installed 22 Solar Street Light Systems for lighting of trek path and establishment complexes from Bhyundar to Ghangharia.if it wants to receive power fully from the above micro-hydel plant. 2 lights at the entrance of Ghangharia and GMVN TRH complex. Two turbines. while the Gurdwara complains the shortage of power and hence the justification to use diesel generators (4 generator sets) most of the time for their power supply requirements. and 3 lights near Valley of Flowers Checkpost/entrance (2 faulty at present). 3 lights between Govind Dham Gurdwara to broken bridge on Lakshman / Hem Ganga.) is also done and the cost is adjusted in the revenue collected from the consumers. The estimated load per day is 30 KW for the Ghangharia market/commercial establishment. 9 Health Care Facilities Govind Ghat Govind Ghat Gurdwara has 1 dispensary and 2 ambulances.8 Telecommunication Govind Ghat Telephone connectivity at Govind Ghat is through the Satellite Telephone Exchange at Pandukeshwar.11.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report While at Pulna and Govind Ghat. Bhyundar No telecommunication connectivity exists at Bhyundar. Valley of Flowers . As part of awareness programme. Moreover. but there is no PCO Local Call/STD/ISD booth. 2. However.11. the staff of Forest Range have access to wireless communication facility and which can be utilised for communication in cases of emergency. There are 3 PCO Local Call/STD/ISD booths at Ghangharia connected to this exchange and operate only during the tourist season. 2. Ghangharia A Satellite Telephone Exchange has been set up by Department of Telecommunications at the GMVN TRH complex. Pulna Telephone connectivity at Pulna is through the Satellite Telephone Exchange at Pandukeshwar. Planned Management Initiatives Ghangharia: BSNL CellOne Services is also planned to be started from next season onwards. These booths are good source of earning due to presence of large number of tourists and limited number of such booths. About 10% of the households have telephone connectivity. connectivity is poor at times.Hemkunt Sahib No communication facility exists at present for visitors However. few conventional streetlights connected to state electricity grid are available. 5-109 . A few PCO Local Call/STD/ISD booths also exist and operate only during the tourist season. connectivity is poor at times. However. connectivity is poor at times. physical enervation. physically handicapped should avoid to travel on this trek path to minimise medical emergencies. etc.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report apart from giving the message of keeping the trek path clean. patients with Asthma/Cardiac problems. The Gurdwara Sri Hemkunt Sahib Management Trust replenishes medicines. breathlessness. the Gurdwara Sri Hemkunt Sahib Management Trust facilitates and bears the cost voluntarily for carrying the body down to Govind Ghat on a palki/dandi. with 1 doctor and 2 beds for nursing the patients are available. In cases of any deaths along the trek journey. informing Patwari at Pandukeshwar through phone/wireless to arrange for post-mortem and inform Police Chowki at Govind Ghat for any assistance required. also exist. persons above 70 years of age. irrespective of the deceased person belonging to any faith/nationality. Ghangharia Govind Dham Gurdwara: A 24 hours facility of 1 dispensary room. Gurdwara management have reported that they announce after every “ardaas” (prayer) that all those who are – children below 10 years age. as required. For this dispensary within the Gurdwara an additional room with 3 beds is provided for nursing the patients. minor land slides/snow avalanche. etc. dispensary with 1 doctor exists near the Govind Dham Gurdwara in a temporary tin shed room provided by Govind Dham Gurdwara. dehydration. Normally visitors may suffer from altitude sickness. There were some 23 casualties reported for which Gurdwara Sri Hemkunt Sahib Management Trust had provided assistance during the last tourist season in year 2002. or any accidents due to mule/persons falling down on trek path due to slippery surface. Dispensary: 1 small govt. Two Private Clinics-cum-Chemist shop also exist in the Govind Ghat market. This season (year 2003 during the study) the number of mishaps were reported to be significantly less. and providing facility of Gurdwara Ambulance to carry the body to the place of choice of their relatives within India. 3 cylinders of Oxygen and Glucose/Saline are also available. Govt. Chances of cardiac arrest in old persons/those with fear of high altitudes. 5-110 . The Gurdwara also keeps additional blankets for people for use in severe cold at that altitude.. However. enervation. most of the Pulna villagers migrate to Bhyundar and they avail the facilities at Ghangharia. the 5-111 . Bhyundar No medical facility available. During tourist season. During the tourist season those elderly villagers/schoolgoing children that remain at Pulna. Pulna After the tourist season is over in early Oct. only grasses are available for mules apart from little jaggery and grams for food. 2. Most of the sickness of the mules is reported to be related to stomach problems and there is high rate of casualty (in year 2002 about 150 mules reportedly died in the 4–month tourist season) amongst mules due to lack of veterinary treatment facilities. etc.11. Mostly people face altitude problems. It is reported that about 800-1000 mules operate every day during peak of the tourist season. the government dispensary gets re-located at the dispensary premises at Pulna. avail the medical facilities available at Govind Ghat. It seems since local vegetation is not allowed for grazing.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Hemkunt Sahib There is a first aid centre at Hemkunt Sahib with a doctor providing emergency medicines.10Veterinary Hospital /Clinic No such facility existed in Govind GhatGhangharia region/route during the study. access to the region is controlled at the entrance to the gorge just above Ghangharia.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Director. Department of Revenue based at Pandukeshwar). Department of Forests also has its Beat staff deployed in the region under the local charge of Forest Ranger with wireless facilities and they are based at Ghangharia and Govind Ghat FRH complexes. Any accident happening in Valley of Flowers – Hemkunt region is to be attended/recorded by the Patwari and the Police Chowki at Govind Ghat is only informed for any assistance.12 Management Regulations for Access and Facilities for National Park Following the establishment of the Valley of Flowers National Park. NDBR recently informed that a veterinary camp service has been started from the tourist season of year 2004. but it does not have jurisdiction in Valley of Flowers – Hemkunt region (which basically falls under the jurisdiction of Patwari. 2.11Security Infrastructure Govind Ghat One Police Chowki exists.11. 2. if required. Department of Revenue based at Pandukeshwar. either for 5-112 .11. Ghangharia One Police Chowki (housed in a temporary tin shed room provided by Govind Dham Gurdwara) exists and which works under the jurisdiction of Patwari. who also intimates the same to Conservator of Forests & Director. Security for Filming Charges a) For Feature Film per day b) For Documentary Film per day 50000. Dehra Dun is also to be informed if a study or research is being undertaken. and visitors pay a nominal entry fee (Rs.7 for details of entry fee charges applicable at Valley of Flowers. 1972. Govt.00 20000.00 2500.for 3 days for foreign tourists) at Forest Ranger’s Check-post.00 Free 100. 350/. The Department of Forests and local NGOs have put up signages to make tourists aware of the ecosensitivity of the region and solid waste disposal issues.00 No camping is allowed within the valley beyond the VOFNP entrance point and for any study or research prior permission is to be applied to/obtained from the Chief Wild Life Warden (CWLW). Filming Charges a) For Feature Film per day b) For Documentary Film per day 4. No.00 Free 100. of Uttaranchal.) 40. Refer Table 2.for Indians for 3 days and Rs.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report the purpose of the visit or collecting samples for botanical research. The Secretary. Gopeshwar and Divisional Forest Officer.00 20000. Description a) Entry Fee per person for first three days b) Entry Fee per person for additional three days 2.) 350. Access is prohibited for livestock. Department of Environment & Forests. Joshimath. Department of Environment & Forests. Dehra Dun as per Sec. 28 of the Wild Life (Protection) Act. These signages are formal (painted mild steel sheet display boards & walls of stone masonry pits) as 5-113 .00 Foreign Tourists (Rs.00 Free 100.00 Free 100. 40/.00 50000. Signage Enroute and in Valley of Flowers PWD has put masonry signage milestone to indicate the distance till Hemkunt Sahib but the same is not visible in many locations.00 25000. Nanda Devi National Park.00 100000. while professional cameras / filmmaking requires charges and security fee to be paid. Camera Fee a) Still Camera (non-professional) b) Still Camera (professional) c) Movie / Video Camera (non-professional) d) Movie / Video Camera (professional) 3.00 Indian Tourists (Rs. There are no charges for non-professional cameras. 1. Table 2.7: Entry Fee Structure for Valley of Flowers Sr.00 5000. Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve (NDBR). It was observed that green/red mild steel boards painted with white text exist at many places indicating botanical names of the flora at the beginning of trek to the Valley of Flowers. information is shabbily painted on rock faces). Joan Margrett Legge from the Royal Botanic Gardens.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report well as informal (at most of such signage location. They must also refrain from polluting the waters with human and any other kind of wastes. Entry will be restricted to holders of valid permits. The visitors shall not enter the national park with weapons which can injure. The scripture at her tomb `I will lift up mine eyes unto the Himalaya from whence cometh my help' raised by her sister in 1940 reminds us of her faith in the Himalayas. Bhyundar were also observed. Unfortunately while collecting plants she fell off a cliff and died on July 4th. which is an important spot in the Valley of Flowers. England visited the Valley of Flowers for plant collection. All visitors shall travel along the permitted route only and no deviations will be allowed. Staying overnight inside the national park is not allowed. In 1939. there is no signage to indicate the way to Ms. but inside the main valley such boards are insufficient making it difficult to relate to the species around. Joan Margrett Legge’s grave. as any pucca construction in National Park is banned. though not very aesthetically. in the absence of any coloured pamphlets/brochure that may be carried by visitors. harm or kill any wild life or indulge in hunting and poaching of animals or • 5-114 . Some overhead cloth banners put up by the Department of Forests and EDC. The visitors entering the Valley of Flowers National Park will have to abide by the following rules and regulations in general: • • • • • The visitors as individuals/teams shall ensure that the necessary clearances from the competent authorities have been obtained. Also. Kew. This tomb was vandalised over the long period and was rebuilt recently. The visitors shall ensure proper disposal of garbage and also ensure to bring back non-biodegradable waste with them. collect or remove any plant and animal specimen whether live or dead or any geological specimen. Care is taken that if 2 or more villages fall in the same route in which a particular trekking / expedition party is set to go. etc. Do not destroy. 5. implements.Valley of Flowers route like. arms. Don’t shout. the trek from Bamani Dhaur in Valley of Flowers to Khunt Khal pass to Hanuman Chatti on Badrinath motor road or the trek from Bhyundar village to Kagbhushandi Lake to Vishnu Prayag motor road via Painka village. herbs. Don’t try to feed any wild animal. climbing. Don’t carry instruments. Do not camp or stay for the night inside the park. Some of the simple rules of eco-tourism in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve are: • • The party contacts the local DFO first to get the permit and the names of the guides/porters and for the payment of eco-fee before undertaking the trek. play audio /videotapes or transistor/radio inside the park. 2. 7. throw lighted matches. and cigarette or bidi butts. trample. Any onward treks from this Govind Ghat. would be governed by the general rules of ecotourism in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve as given below. write or paint on the tree trunks / rocks. within the National Park area. Don’t go for mountaineering. or any infrastructure (boundary walls / boundary pillars). 3. 8. applicable for the number of party members and guides / porters going along is charged as eco-fee from the party in form of bank drafts and this money is directly deposited in the bank accounts of Different EDCs. shrubs. Existing Code of Conduct for Visitors / Do’s & Don’ts for visiting Valley of Flowers 1. swimming. 9. trees. firearms or chemicals harmful to wildlife and vegetation. hoot. 6. 5-115 . A fee of Rs. Don’t damage. break or distort the facilities provided by the park authorities. tools. Joshimath and go through the slide show presentation on awareness to Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve at the fully equipped nature centre in DFO’s office complex. Do not carry and introduce any alien seeds or propagation material of any plant species and don’t carry and introduce any exotic animals or pets. Don’t deface.(Rupees fifty only) per head. Such trekkers would have to take prior permission from the Divisional Forest Officer (DFO). or destroy or remove any wild life. or any type of adventure activity. 4. Do not kindle fire. 10. put signboards. 50/.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report kindle fires or leave burning embers. sign-posts. No deviation will be allowed.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report then the eco-fee is equally divided in all the concerned EDCs and in case there are more visitors/more teams the fee will be given to EDCs on rotation basis. The party which has been granted permit to go to a particular site / mountain hires guide / porter from the local villages which fall in the trek route. the following directives are highlighted: • • • • • 5-116 . only after the party gets permission letters from the DFO’s office. and how as to provide/seek emergency rescue. The party should plan days for proper altitude acclimatisation when ascending. For this good liaison will be maintained with the local police and Department of Revenue. The local intelligence and local district authorities will issue inner line permits.(Rupees ten thousand only) is taken from the party in the form of Bank Draft. The party will have to follow only the approved route. and on return should again get the carried back items checked. The mountaineering expeditions on return will have to give a small report about their experience. The party should get their entire list of articles they are carrying checked by the local EDC. The party/Team Leader or Liaison Officer deputed by the Indian Mountaineering Federation / State Govt. The Reserve being situated in the border area in many treks inner line permissions are required. They should deposit a list of all non-biodegradable items and other items with EDC. should know how to identify and treat high altitude illness. Any breach of rule by the porters will be the responsibility of the Team Leader and the Liaison Officer. • In case of mountaineering a security deposit of Rs. In no circumstances hiring of guides or porters from outside are allowed. 10000/. giving details of the halting places to the local DFO. This security is returned to the party when they ensure and prove that they have brought back all the solid waste generated during the trip. The visiting trekkers will not be allowed to go inside the Core Zones of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve until they get special permission from the competent authorities and in no circumstances mountaineering activity will be allowed inside the core zones. The party should bring adequate warm and dry clothes and ensure that staff and porters have proper trekking/mountaineering gear. • • • In the code of conduct for trekkers/mountaineers. / Local DFO will have to keep strict vigil on the activities of the porters. They should wear good hiking shoes or boots as trails could be slippery and rocky. Don’t go off the trail as it leads to soil erosion. They should practice conservation by avoiding cooking fuel-consumptive menu items (e. storing. etc. guide responsibilities. and should periodically train all staff in first aid. and using kerosene and gas. They should dress properly. The party should take responsibility for hired staff by providing them adequate warm clothing. When visiting sacred spots. They should use established campsites and kitchen sites. smoke or litter. They should pay fair prices for lodging. baked foods & large menu selections). They should follow safety rules when carrying. people. All expeditions shall ensure that the solid waste that they generate are removed by them and they shall undertake to abide by such terms and conditions as may be stipulated by the Department of Forests for this purpose. and services. Pack • • • • • • • • • • • 5-117 . They should not give anything to begging children. and reduce waste in general by de-and re-packaging. shoes. even from fallen wood. food/cooking stoves & fuel. and have respect for local beliefs. and transport) available with the local people throughout their expedition. sanitation. The tourist will be told that buying local products benefits the local economy. they should not talk loudly.g. These rural facilities should be paid for a required fee (as decided/fixed by the Department of Forests/local EDC) so that the locals can be benefited. The tents are permitted for pitching only when the place of halt is away from such village-based facilities.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • The party will have to avail all village based infrastructural facilities (boarding. repackage food into re-usable plastic containers to reduce waste. lodging. Should carry a bag for collection of solid waste and other litter. They should not make fires for cooking/warmth. They should be respectful towards others’ peace and should speak quietly on the trail and at overnight stops. as it teaches them poor habits. but buying any antiques/artifact robs Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve of its culture. sleeping cover. food. and religious sites. and avoid trenching around tents. The party should not carry any firearms and will have to abide by all National and State level Forest / Wild Life Conservation Acts & Rules. snow gear. The party will have to abstain from using fuel wood and only use LPG cylinder/kerosene oil for the cooking purposes and should religiously avoid any damage to the environment or local population during their treks. • • Valley of Flowers Information Centre at Ghangharia One fully equipped nature interpretation-cum-information centre at Ghangharia is available in the Forest Rest House complex. 5. • The party should not leave plastic mineral water bottles in the mountains.00 is planned to be associated with a visitor information/interaction programmee known as “Friends of Valley of Flowers” in a formal way from next tourist season onwards. so that they can actively participate in nature 5-118 .Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report out all non-biodegradable waste. • Nature Interpreter / Guide Training Program Under the aegis of the Department of Forests. Joshimath. The brought back waste can be deposited at designated trash sites or for recycling from base stations/towns. 5. Planned Works • The above nature interpretation show fee of Rs. and should use iodine to treat drinking water in re-usable bottles.00 per person is charged for this show and these trained guides are available for hire by visitors while visiting the Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt region at a charge of Rs. they should use toilet tents on all treks set-up in an environmentally sound manner so as to avoid any pollution of water sources (at least 100 m away). At this nature interpretation centre. and where not. should not drop cigarette buts candy wrappers. burn papers carefully. Currently this slide show is conducted by few nature enthusiasts / interpreters / guides from the EDC members/local host community of Bhyundar / Pulna village trained by the office of the DFO & Deputy Conservator of Forest.00 per day. kitchen. Also. Also. and set a good example for children. Short Documentary Films are also planned to be introduced from next tourist season onwards for nature interpretation shows. A nominal fee of Rs. only use biodegradable soaps and bury all toilet waste and paper. 500. regular (30 minute) slide shows on Valley of Flowers and wild life are held in the evening hours (from 6:00 pm – 7:30 pm) throughout the 4-5 months of tourist season. They should use toilets wherever available. and camp routines. properly treat the uncooked vegetables. Nanda Devi National Park. sanitary. initiative has been taken to train the members of EDC and other members of the local host community for nature interpretation/guide services. They should teach all staff about personal hygiene. aspect and climatic conditions the vegetation of the park is divisible into three broad climatic zones as discussed in section 2. lodges/restaurant) also to look after as other means of livelihood opportunity. Moreover the Brochures/pamphlets currently available with the Department of Forests are basically copies in black & white and not prints in colour or of very high quality design/appeal. as they have their businesses (photo studio. the tourists are normally requested to be accommodated by Villagers of Bhyundar / Pulna for shelter till the path is cleared by the PWD staff/local host community/Forest/Army and other local support. the total somewhat levelled land area including and around both the shrines/related facilities would be about 2-2.50 sqkm area of the Valley of Flowers National Park. based on the nearest village from the site of incident.63 sqkm under Alpine Meadows (21. but they take up this activity only partially. Based on the altitude.12 Disaster Management Plan No disaster management plan for Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt region exists per se. the likelihood of some small-scale disasters like minor landslides.13 Land-use Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt Destination Of the 87.04%) 18. the destination is attractive purely for sightseeing interest and pilgrimage in a limited tourist season. Since. 5-119 .29 sqkm under Forests (6. its topology and lack of proper infrastructure could be the other reasons for the low visitation to the region. In such cases of emergency and rescue enroute the trek path between Ghangharia and Govind Ghat.58 sqkm under perpetual Snow and Glaciers (72. etc. Publicity/Information Services on Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt It was observed that the publicity of this Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Region is not very widespread. During the tourist season. 7.66%) 05.5 ha. at Hemkunt Sahib complex.6 of this chapter. rolling over of large stones along slopes. 7. which is part of the monsoon season.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report interpretation activities either at the Department of Forests’ Valley of Flowers Information Centre at Ghangharia as well enroute to & at site of Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt region. Satellite Imagery data reports following break-up: 63. which can be taken-up during the tourist season to compensate for the slack in the remaining/off-season months. Four of the EDC members from the village are trained guides in nature interpretation services. is not ruled out.30%) Refer Exhibit 2.3 for Vegetation & Habitat Types in Valley of Flowers National Park Region. While. Table 2. woolens. as per the requirements of the Forest (Conservation) Act. The next biggest land/survey plot holder is the Gurdwara Sri Hemkunt Sahib Management Trust. Department of Revenue Joshimath has conducted a survey of the land holdings in Nov.8 for the Land-use break up at Ghangharia and Exhibit 2. other shops like . It is observed that nearly 50 percent of the current developed land is under the claim of private holding. Utilities like water supply and electricity supply are over the trek path.4 percent under trek path. Refer Table 2. small tea/snack stalls.3 percentage and 4.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Exhibit 2. of Units / Area Percentage 5-120 .5% of the developed land. which manages the Govind Dham Gurdwara complex covering 23. and UREDA micro-hydel plant is main utility that covers about 1. telecommunication booths. etc.5 percent of the developed land. 2002 and has prepared a revenue map of Ghangharia settlement – a step towards the process of regularisation for diversion of land with forest cover.5 percentage of the developed land respectively. While. 1980. Private holdings mostly relate to the development of hotels & lodges. This survey map was in the draft state at the time of this study. The development in about 2.3: Vegetation & Habitat Types in Valley of Flowers National Park Source: Wildlife Institute of India Report (RR-98/003) Ghangharia The development at Ghangharia has happened in a haphazard manner over a period of more than past three decades. restaurants. No. the state government has about 8. These private establishments account for the 85 percent ownership of the total 53 survey plots. photo studios.638 ha (area of current developed land under encroachment) has mostly happened in a linear fashion along the trek path within Ghangharia settlement.souvenirs.4 for Land-use map at Ghangharia settlement.4 percent of vacant land and about 2. GMVN TRH Complex and Department of Forests FRH Complex covers 10.8: Land-use Break-up at Ghangharia Category Survey No. EDC Store-sum-Education Centre-cumDisaster Relief Shelter. mule sheds.5 23.220 0. 44.273 0. Veterinary Clinic. Exhibit 2.040 0. 4-5. cheap dormitory for labour. 12 43 45 1-2. 1642.5 49. Land Vacant Land Trek Path Dept.4 100.13 ha.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Establishments State Govt.063 0. of Forest Land GMVN Land UREDA Land Gurdwara Land Other Commercial Establishments Total 3 46 15 6.3 2.0 There are 10 more plots surveyed (survey No.302 2. However. this land may be considered for regularisation and pooled/retrofitted with existing vacant Govt.5 10.3 1.638 (Ha) Final Report Break-up 8. etc. 11.120 0. 47-53 1 1 1 3 1 1 45 53 0. 7-10. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF TOURISM The present chapter discusses the environmental quality of the regionNot along to with Scale an initial assessment of environmental impacts of the tourism developments. Medical Clinic. 13-14. but were reported not to be considered for regularisation.620 1. 54 to 62) as encroachment spread over 0.4 4.4: Land-use at Ghangharia Settlement Forest Forest 3. like community toilets. Forest 5-121 . land to provide some future proposals with temporary tin slope roof structures. Govt of India and the Hon. and that any environmental consequences are recognised early and taken into account in project design.1 Introduction The purpose of the current initial environmental assessment is to assess and ensure that development is environmentally sound and sustainable. were carried out. designs and implementation plans. All necessary clearances under the Forest (Conservation) Act 1980. soil.1. evaluation of the impacts that actually occurred and the effectiveness of mitigation measures should be done. A detailed impact analysis could be carried out by a reputed scientific agency like the Wildlife Institute of India.Detailed investigations including observation. Environmental review includes monitoring the project’s environmental performance and compliance with relevant conditions. mitigating or compensating for adverse impacts. National Botanical Research Institute etc. within the limits of feasibility.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 3. Indian Forest Act 1927. The feasibility of the project should be determined based on an assessment of all costs. organic matter collected from the site. 3. Integration of IEE (Initial Environment Examination) and EIA with feasibility studies and planning work at the master plan level is essential so that alternatives. digital recording etc. Various parameters including microbial cultures to assess microbial load were also examined. Thus the objective is to influence or modify project planning so that the project will. Field trip . can be considered realistically. discussion with locals. to facilitate incorporation of the findings into selection of sites. 5-122 . sampling.1 Methodology Adopted in the Study The study was carried out as detailed below: • • • Secondary literature to find the status and major issues in the valley and related areas. Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 must be sought and allied rules from the MoEF. including the specific provisions needed for minimising or offsetting the adverse effects on the environment. Supreme Court of India should be considered before implementing any development proposal in the region. After implementation. which might be desirable from an environmental viewpoint. avoid environmental damage and use positive measures to offset unavoidable damage. Some GPS observations were attempted at the study site. Laboratory analyses of the samples of water. It also includes avoiding. Environmental analysis has to be integrated with all stages of the eco-tourism project life cycle. Sensitivity of the eco-region in terms of biodiversity 19. Tourism. etc. Ghangharia. 3. 3. Pulna. Disturbances in the ecosystem due to Tourism 21.2 Selection of the Sites for Ecological Sampling • • The sites selected for study were in settlements at Bhyundar. Steepness of slopes prohibiting provision of broad roads or trek paths. Suggestions of those who have done research over years were obtained.2 Identification of Stress Areas The stress areas have been identified and rated in terms of priority. opinion on controversial issues.2. EDC. Since these plants are not available at other places. microbial sampling and soil sampling are given in respective table of analyses of water samples. 5-123 . Telecommunications. Biodiversity loss or disturbance in the biodiversity set up 20. Water Supply.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • • • Discussions with officials of the Department of Forests. Surveys and interviews with locals at various spots enroute to Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt region. Hemkunt and ten points enroute. The sites selected for water sampling. steep slopes prohibiting tourists to wander in the open. motor-able roads etc. treks. 23. Valley of Flowers (four sites in Valley of Flowers).2 Stress due to pressure on Specific Points 26. separate mule paths. 25. Uniqueness of biodiversity in the region and need for its protection 22. Remoteness of the region where proper surveillance throughout the year is not possible 24. UREDA. Risky paths. there is an added attraction to steal these from this region due to good market available for these resources. Brain storming sessions organised at Dehra Dun with experts who have been doing research in the Valley and surrounding region to get expert opinion on state of affairs. 3. A gist has been included in the report.1 Stress mainly due to Environmental Specificity 18. Gurdwara Sri Hemkunt Sahib Management Trust. The causes and dimensions of identification of stress are: 3.1. etc. Mahila Mandal. Abundance of medicinal plants that are either rare or in great demand.2. Hemkunt Sahib site is an attraction for religious sentiments and hence is under greater stress in terms of tourists. However.3 Stress due to Environment Concerns 27. in the present case. waste is being brought from outside and left in the area. this problem will assume an alarming dimension. With number of tourists increasing every year and likely to increase further in the coming years when ecotourism will become a major attraction of the region.2. The thumb rule is that nothing carried from outside is left in the park area and nothing is carried from park area to outside (except any waste generated during such visits). It was observed that water supply pipes criss-cross the area especially over the trek path and where toilets are located. Dumping of mule excreta and other waste into the environment is another area that needs management. bottles. Disposal of waste is a major stress area. Health hazard to the tourists and the locals due to contaminated water. waste dump sites. Visual annoyance to the tourists. Excessive use of mules in a specified path or region 30.4 Stress due to Management Concerns 31. risk of pollution including odour pollution 28.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 3. Though the vast area of Valley of Flowers has tremendous scope to accommodate more tourists than the current numbers. Water availability through stream source is not a problem. waste left by the tourists. Movement of plants and other things from the area has been checked effectively to a great extent. This waste includes: − − − − Degradable mule excreta Degradable organic waste Non-degradable plastic & other waste Degradable human excreta 32. Ecological disturbance due to the large number of visitors. 33. Environmental hazard to the local ecosystem. food. the same will be feasible only if the ecology is managed properly. This has to be managed immediately to avoid any outbreak of disease due to possibility of water getting contaminated. any factor that may become deterrent to tourism 3. 5-124 . other forms of pollution 29. however risk of water getting polluted due to improper collection. yet there are unconfirmed reports of plants being taken away in off seasons when guarding is not as strict or not there.2. Solid waste dumping and disposal needs to be addressed. current storage and supply is a stress area. promoting horticulture in the lower belts to support population and tourism. However. variability in abundance and density of natural plants.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 34. better publicity. The water and soil analyses showed that there is no stress of pollution at this stage.). and better education in terms of awareness and orientation to environmental protection and conservation.3 Identification of Ecological Parameters & Impact of Tourism: Current scenario As mentioned earlier Valley of Flowers National Park (VOFNP) is one of the core zones of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve and is located in Chamoli district of Western Himalayas and spread across 87. This will promote eco-tourism if principals of eco-tourism are adopted. Water and soil have been examined and data given in tables. These numbers can be increased with additional recommended activities. agro-biodiversity of the region. 3. Other stresses have been assessed from number of tourists per day and per season as well as number of mules per season. Biodiversity Act of India (2002).2. etc. locals. Modifying the natural ecosystem to eco-tourism worthy ecosystem on scientific and sustainable principles. instead it is to create awareness among environment lovers and researchers. 5-125 . impatiens sulcata. thus focusing on the sensitised tourists. • • 3. Status The status of stress has been discussed in relevant sections. The management of tourism and tourists has to be addressed in terms of: • • • • • • Fragility of biodiversity Sustainability of ecosystem Empowerment of locals to benefit from the eco-tourism Utilising the devotion of Hemkunt Sahib amongst tourists for educating about environment and biodiversity and thus promoting eco-tourism Health of the tourist. and Plants varieties and Farmers Rights Act of India (2001). better management. animals etc. Limited number of tourists to Valley of Flowers compared to the importance of the area. more vista points. Following norms of CBD.5 Mitigation of Stress Suggestions for mitigation of stress are given in the respective sections. Ecological issues that have long term impact such as growth of dominating species (like Polygonum polystachyum.50 sqkm area. the focus is not to increase merely the number of tourists to Valley of Flowers. 25 km from the end of Ghangharia settlement. Sufficient numbers of porters are available to facilitate the visit. One has to be aware of the concerns of the ecosystem beyond this point as restrictions are implemented seriously. and after trekking another 0. dedication. The picturesque beauty is bewildering. There are about 800-1000 mules plying on this path during the peak season. is flowing close to the trek path offering beautiful view.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 3. The Guru Govind Singh Gurdwara at Hemkunt Sahib located at an altitude of 4329 m above MSL is currently the major attraction located at a trek of 6 km from Ghangharia.9 km point ahead. Bhyundar is the next village after Pulna that can be reached after trekking for another 6 km and after another 3. Informal clusters of tea/snack stalls at a small village settlement named Pulna offer a good resting point after which one can have glimpse of snow . After crossing the Forest Rangers’ Check-post at the entrance of Valley of Flowers. The impressive Hathi Parvat can be glimpsed from Bhyundar on clear days.5 km one reaches Ghangharia.2 Tourism & Trekking Most of the tourists to the Valley of Flowers as well as Hemkunt trek the rigorous path with excitement. The trekking has been facilitated by many ways such as mules that carry the luggage as well as the visitors. which is the base camp for onward treks to Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt Sahib.3. and is an internationally recognised tourist-cum-pilgrimage destination. 0.clad peaks and rocky mountains. Ghangharia is the logical base camp for this trek. One can enjoy the view of fields typical of hill sites on the way. At 0. and fun.1 Route & its Ecology Govind Ghat located at 1828 meters from the sea level is the last motor able station from where visitors start trekking to the valley after crossing a cable suspension bridge over the river Alaknanda. It is usually cold particularly in wet months like Aug-Sep. The path is zigzag piercing through an ascending valley. Since camping and overnight stay is not allowed in the Valley of Flowers. 3. the river Pushpawati is crossed over to its right bank on another steel truss bridge and this trail goes up to the Valley of Flowers.15 km the route of the Valley of Flowers separates from that going to Hemkunt Sahib. 5-126 . Those who are not able to trek can make use of carrying carts or Dandi (Palki). After crossing a temporary bridge over the Lakshman Ganga. the trek continues along river Pushpawati. Ghangharia is located at an altitude of 3048 meters above sea level. There are few lodges to stay apart from Government Tourist Rest house (GMVN) and Forest Rest House. starting from Govind Ghat.3. Mules are not allowed after Ghangharia in Valley of Flowers and hence one has no other option but to trek to VoF. Enroute one can find water falls and Bhyundar Ganga stream in some small stretches. sign posts and facilitated solid waste 5-127 . as they do not rely on the quality of piped/stream water as available at these stalls. There is a helipad in a grassy field maintained by army officials. but in a haphazard manner. The one on the western side leads to Hanuman Chatti (a small hamlet on Badrinath road). the path climbs steeply and the vegetation changes to tall massive conifers – Abies pindrow. and Taxus baccata and the smell of decaying leaves of broad leaved mixed forest is replaced by the warm incense of resin. and the developments at Ghangharia are encroachments basically that came up in 1960-70s as the visitation started to grow up from just few hundred visitors.3. Prior to EDC another local organization Youth Valley Development Committee (YVDC)/Yuvak Mandal was working for the cause since 1999 and provided dustbins. During the trekking from Ghangharia to the main valley in the Valley of Flowers.3 Local Initiatives The uniqueness of this area is that villagers are quite aware about the sensitivities of their region including the need of conservation. but preferred by shepherds and other mountaineers. 3. The trek path presently is uneven. which extends up to Gauri Parvat peak. Besides. The lower forests up to 2100 m are full of insects while the upper forests are known for their silence. The most convenient and easy entrance to the valley is from the south where the river Pushpawati flows through a deep gorge. This is located at Kanjila. which flows through this valley. and the other on the eastern side goes to Ghamsali via Lakshman pass.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report which are rather expensive but provide easy access and avoid the tough trekking for those who are not able to trek. at Ghangharia (Govind Dham). and is a bridle path paved with stone kharanja. Forest officials with the help of local villages of Bhyundar/Pulna have established an EcoDevelopment Committee (EDC) since 2001 (as per the provisions of state government’s Joint Forest Management guidelines and some funding assistance from The World Bank Forestry Project). The tourists usually carry their own water bottles. through Khunt Khal Glacier Pass. which is less than a km before Ghangharia. where it takes the name Bhyundar Ganga and which later joins the river Alaknanda at Govind Ghat. The river Pushpawati meets the river Lakshman Ganga that originates from Hemkunt (Lokpal / Hemkunt Sarovar). The Valley of Flowers lies between the main valleys of Alaknanda and Dhauli Ganga in the Zanskar ranges of the Garhwal Himalayas in Chamoli district of Uttaranchal. The villages of Pulna/Bhyundar and their establishments’ enroute and Ghangharia have been catering to the tourist needs. River Pushpawati. has its source in the Tipra Glacier. Both these places are of 3 days-trekking distance from the valley. rough. There are many resting points in the form of tea/snack stalls all along the way where one can get refreshments. there are two more approaches /outlets. Though the development along the trek path and Ghangharia did not happen in a regular manner. Often the toilets are very dirty and many waste bins were found damaged. orientation to environmental education/awareness. On several occasions. off late. as is evident from certain sign boards displayed by them for convenience of the tourists. the Forest officials of the region have brought sea change in the attitude of the local people. these bottles are thrown into the valley / stream. since the tourists in this region visit mostly for the pilgrimage purpose. apart from workers of Health Department and local Mahila Mandal members.4 Sanitation and Ecological Concerns: Limiting Factors Several temporary toilets have been installed by the health department and recently by EDC. 5-128 . NCC cadets have also worked in the area. and are very well aware of the sacred value of the destination. The sweepers collect non-biodegradable waste material only and sweep the biodegradable solid waste or mule excreta along sides of the trek path. by visitors and even some stall keepers. EDC. though not at regular/frequent distances. Bhyundar is working as ‘motivators’ to motivate the villagers and the tourists to keep the environment clean especially of Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt region. and some regularisations of establishment control in the form of Chaks and Chatties. 3.3. However. There are several temporary dustbins placed all along the path to Valley of Flowers as well as Hemkunt. uniqueness of the environment. EDC members organise slide shows informing the tourists about flora and fauna of the Valley of Flowers. protection and conservation is quite lacking. With the help of the Forest department. However. and which slowly keeps falling & gets mixed with the Lakshman / Hem Ganga stream that emanates from the holy Hemkunt Sarovar. Cheap quality plastic raincoats (which get easily torn during travel) used frequently by tourists to protect themselves and their luggage from rain. There is a change in the way the area is viewed today. People carry plastic bottles and litter the same all along the path. are also littered after use or when torn.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report cleaning along the path. Visitors also throw the plastic wrappers of the foodstuff in the valley or on the way. There was plenty of solid waste littered on way to this pilgrim destination. EDC workers and sweepers collect the solid waste and bring it down to dumpsite at Govind Ghat covering a length of one km of trek path by the individual cleaning staff/sweeper. The tourists use not all of these toilets and waste bins properly. awareness about fragility. quite an amount of such waste is remaining to be collected that is stacked & dumped behind the Hemkunt Gurdwara Langar facility. The urinals are misused as toilets as there are insufficient arrangements for toilets. These render the urinals stinky and dirty forcing the following visitors to urinate anywhere and at places other than the designated ones. the disposable cheap plastic raincoats are a major source of waste dumped on the way. These toilets also do not have any septic tanks. Other than the packaged plastic products. not to mention the foreign tourist who is very cleanliness conscious. further prohibits visitors from frequenting the Valley of Flowers to the fullest extent.3.5 Number of Tourists The number of tourists each year to Hemkunt Sahib has grown and it exceeded in the study year (2003) to over three lakhs eighty eight thousand in the four months period from June to September. However. wafers. There is poor cleanliness in such toilets and they present a sorry state of tourism to the excited visitor venturing into the Valley of Flowers or on Hemkunt pilgrimage. With nearly 4 lakh tourists. accessible by a narrow (about 3 ft wide) bridle path. 3. The urinals remain very dirty as there are poorly designed and have poor arrangements to flush/clean them. People prefer these raincoats due to their cheap cost and easy availability. Lack of shelter for visitors to stay for a while and to take rest or hide them from rain. despite been made famous by the writings of Frank S Smythe. Though the valley extends further but is inaccessible for tourists due to lack of proper bridle path and spread of boulder debris ahead.). it seems that Valley of Flowers is still not popular enough to attract tourists.Sep. . urine waste is a considerable enough to call management concern. plastic carry bags etc. wrappers (toffees. It is also observed that pilgrims as well as Gurdwara staff urinating in river Lakshman / Hem Ganga instead of using the designated toilet facility at Hemkunt Sahib or washing using detergents in Lakshman / Hem Ganga. which is very common every day in monsoon period (Jul.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 3. are quite wet months). which are frequently used by the tourists.3. This is in the form of plastic bottles (mineral water or beverages). 5-129 . chocolates.6 Pollution Status A lot of solid waste is produced by the tourists. and the effluent is disposed through underground waste pipes and flows down the slope. These are thrown away after use or when torn along the path itself or after reaching base establishments such as Ghangharia and Govind Ghat. either at the base of settlements or along the trek path. Those who are curious to visit. do so but only/hardly half way up to the glacier point (about just over 2km) due to the hectic/narrow & relatively steep pathway and risk of landslide along the entry path itself as the main valley starts only after 3 km point (Bamani Dhaur) and continues till another 2 km. The sounds of nature can be heard in the VoF and surrounds. the mule excreta is degradable and should not cause any harm. Analysis of Soil. The only sound (rarely) heard at Ghangharia is from the loudspeaker at Hemkunt Sahib shrine.26 9. No . On a common sense ground.7 52. The odour emerging from the mule excreta and urine is annoying. It becomes a necessary evil.378 - MBC in µg/gm 436. The soil analyses were undertaken to monitor extraordinary increase in pH.97 11. as well as some sound is generated from the diesel generators used at Ghangharia / Hemkunt Sahib Gurdwaras. sodium levels. This itself is an indicator of near zero noise pollution.64 5-130 . salinity. in a sensitive ecosystem as this one and with nearly 4 lakhs tourists per season.753 1.72 181. where the mule owners make their mule to urinate in between the trekking path or where the mules can rest and ease themselves. it assumes a dimension that calls for concern. 1 2 3 Sample Site Bistoli Garh Composite sample S-1 PH EC in µs/cm Na in ppm 8.92 6.6 4. There are no vehicles or source of noise pollution in the upper valley area beyond Govind Ghat.3 18. Noise pollution is a physical pollution. Water & Air The soil and water samples were collected during September 2003 season from various places in and outside of the Valley of Flowers and Ghangharia.81 6. It is common all along the path as mules are companions to the tourists facilitating their journey.699 - Nitrat e in ppm 0.5 below. It was also monitored to see if there is an alarming decrease in microbial biomass.48 8. however. Table 3.1 4.17 K in ppm 11. There are a large number of tourists visiting Hemkunt site but the noise pollution models do not consider the noise from humans (pilgrims or curious tourists) or animals a cause of serious concern.39 Available Phosphate in µg/gm 1.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Mule excreta are another major problem on the face of this beautiful site. Though there is a routine.9 40.36 472. and were analysed.1: Chemical Analysis of Soil Samples Sr. nitrates etc. The results are presented in the Tables 3.1 to 3. while odour pollution is a chemical pollution. however it is not a friendly sight (where many a times the whole width of the path is covered by accumulated mule urine and one has to walk through it) and smell for the tourist who has come to enjoy the virginity of nature. 0 13.53 10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 PH EC PO4 Cl NH3 NO3 Total Hardness Parameter Water Quality 6.21 ND ND ND 10 10 25 30 Table 3.5 7.011 MBC in µg/gm 181.48 6.03 0.08 36.6 22.81 763.37 6.04 0.3 160.73 16.3 6.21 7.2: Chemical Analysis of Water Samples from various Sites Sr.88 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 6.43 6.81 4.893 0.8.89 16.9 39. No . 4 5 6 Sample Site S-2 Mule Excreta G-2 PH EC in µs/cm Na in ppm 11.06 0.18 0. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TW-1 Bistoli Garh TW-2 G-2 Dev26 Lakshma n Ganga HW-1 HW-2 PH EC in µs/c m 17.64 6.63 181.25 ppm 250 ppm 1. No.67 5.21 K in ppm 4.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Sr. Sample No .60 13.9 Table 3.2 ppm 45 ppm 300 ppm CPCB India / IS 10500: 1991 IS 10500: 1991 CPCB India CPCB India IS 10500: 1991 IS 10500: 1991 IS 10500: 1991 IS 10500: 1991 5-131 .43 Available Phosphate in µg/gm 0.77 19.04 ND ND NH 3 in pp m ND ND Total alkalinit y in ppm 10 20 10 10 20 20 Hardnes s in ppm 30 35 30 20 20 20 6.46 17.70 21.5 .30 16.4 ND ND Fl in PO4 pp in m ppm 0.3: Primary Water Quality Criteria for designated Best Use Classes Sr.90 21.4 10.35 Cl in pp m ND ND ND 97.5 2250 ms 0.18 9.27 Nitrat e in ppm 0. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Pushpawati H. No . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S-1 S-1(II) S-II Garh V of 2 GPS-II (near stream) Mule excreta Sample site Total bacterial count in CFU per gm 7.0 x 105 1.7 x 104 So far.0 x 103 3.0 x 104 2.K.1 x 102 13.7 x 102 6. though visible pollution in the form of plastic litter mixed with stream water can be observed at many locations enroute.4: Total Bacterial Counts from Water Samples of various Sites Sr.K.1 H.0 x 105 9.8 x 103 3.4 x 104 5.6 x 103 2.9 x 108 Valley of Flowers GPS Table 3. No .7 x 104 1. the level of pollutants is found within the safe specified limits and the water was not found to be graded as polluted.0 x 105 5.2 LXG LG1 G-2 TW1 TW2 DEV26(GPS) Pulna Sample Site Total bacterial count in CFU per gm 12.6 x 105 2.1 x 104 5.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Table 3.6 x 106 4.5: Total Bacterial Counts from Soil Samples of various Sites Sr.0 x 106 2. 5-132 . Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report The water analyses also indicate that the water quality is within the threshold limits (limits provided as per CPCB IS 10500: 1991). The area is well managed by the Forest Department. EDC volunteers etc in terms of uncontrolled burning of wood in the forest or burning of plastic. Gas analysis is done by on-line monitoring thereby gases are absorbed in the solution viz.6: Standards for Air Quality Sr. The microbial biomass of the mule excreta was quite high. These were rather negligible. Delhi and the air sampling results. For TSPM (Total Suspended Particulate Matter) filter paper number GF/A 2000 manufactured by Whatman is used. This is designed to adsorb most of the TSPM. the VoF sites (six) where sampling was done are yet quite stable. In absence of vehicular pollution and pollution by generators. Tetrachloromercurate for SOx. Bhyundar Valley is in it self a sufficient natural unit that is fertile enough to nourish its vegetation. Soil samples collected from the Valley of Flowers and other places were found to be fertile enough to nourish wide variety of organisms. It had SOx. No. Dominating species/weeds start invading such site as the natural vegetation density alters. The air quality in the region is well within thresholds. No alarming changes were observed in the soil. Higher salinity or substantial decrease in microbial biomass would indicate a condition where the site may not be able to support its traditional vegetation. India. The method is universally adopted and approved by CPCB. NOx and Total suspended Particulate Matter far less than the threshold. The indicators of soil data do not point to the direction that the soil is not able to nurture its traditional vegetation as at this stage.1N NaOH for NOx. These gases get fixed in the solution and can be analyzed calorimetrically by using UV Vis Spectrophotometer. the only other causes could be burning of wood or incineration etc. Hence there is no problem of air pollution. The Consultants team have monitored many other forest areas where the data are alarming and the sites can be classified as fragile. 1 2 SOx NOx Parameter Threshold 80 ppm in ambient air 80 ppm Sampling Results Traces 10 ppm 5-133 . however. The air sample was analysed from the air sample brought from the site. Table 3. Table 3. As is indicative of a rich forest site. The typical air pollution generating components like vehicles and very large generators are totally absent in the region.6 shows the standards for air quality approved by Central Pollution Control Board. the data indicate that the area is fertile enough to nourish natural vegetation. and 0. 3. if the sources of pollution such as generator number increases (due to insufficient availability of electricity through micro-hydel means or non-restorability of electricity supply through grid). one has to monitor the gaseous pollution. no gaseous pollution was found in the area that may warrant and alarm even in the projected state as long as the current status is maintained. 3. When air is polluted. 5. 13. 10. also there are few causes of production of particulate matter as there are no vehicles. Pollution due to gases. 9. Minor quantity of NOx could have been produced by microbial and forest decomposition activity. 4. 7. 6. 3 Parameter TSPM Threshold 150 ppm Sampling Results Not detected No SOx was detected as there are hardly any pollutants that will produce SOx. 12. as it will then become a critical factor. noise. However. lichens show the effect in the form of damages in their morphology.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Sr. Thus. 8. 11. odours are minimal. 2.4 1. lichens are usually considered as indicators of air pollution. It was a rainy period when the samples were taken. no soot and hardly any wind turbulence. No. Identification of Ecological Factors Affecting the Area Environmental Issues Biodiversity Issues & Conservation Strategy Conservation Status Pollution Issues Flora And Fauna Water Management Solid Waste Management Carrying Capacity Tourist Vista Points Special Issues Such as Health of Animals Capacity Building Developmental Issues Hazard Mitigation Plan & Safety Measures The issues identified to be addressed as crucial to the area: 5-134 . The Lichens that are indicator species were quite profuse in their growth. Bhyundar and proposed EDC. o Waste at toilets etc. litter of cooked food. dry fruits carried by tourists. The “local management” consists of: Local community institutions refer here include: EDC. Kitchen drains have their outlets to river Lakshman Ganga (at Hemkunt). The fact that the almost entire pilgrims eat at Hemkunt. Mules cannot be prohibited as that is the only easy way for tourists who cannot walk 5-135 .Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 3. Govind Ghat (already formed at the time of revision of this report). o Waste left by tourists on trekking path. as very few inhabitants are located here and the local management has also taken sufficient steps to guard that off. certain issues need immediate debate and remedial measures for the following reasons: • • The area currently is and is being developed as a eco-tourist attraction When state of the art alternatives are available. empty beverages tetra packs. Department of Forest officials. etc. This has been covered under Pollution category. o Waste of mule excreta. with assistance from other Local Community & Gurdwara Volunteers/Sevadars . and Govind Ghat Gurdwara sites. Environmental Issues The area cannot be called polluted from the yardstick of ‘settlement effected pollution’. Van Panchayat. Zila Panchayat. to an open pit behind utensil wash area within Govind Dham Gurdwara complex (at Ghangharia) and to river Alaknanda (at Govind Ghat). biscuits. empty paper cartons from shops or stalls etc. a lot of waste that is mainly organic in nature is generated. Gram Sabha. and is usually clubbed with other waste and is not separated for conversion.1. However.1. Ghangharia. This waste is minor like fruit peels. is littered on the way and is swept and dumped on the sides. and a relatively clean look can be provided to the visiting tourist. this must be translated to this prime site of attraction as well as cultural heritage of Hemkunt destination. Though decomposable. Training staff. into the valley and the forest area along the trek path. This waste can be usefully employed for generation of energy and scientific disposal at the waste generating site/village sites itself. District Administration. proper management of this debris can be a resource. Organic Debris • Organic debris is left due to tourism. This waste generated can be classified in the following categories: o Waste food normally dumped behind Langar halls. A good portion of this would reach the rivers. which is a hazard as it emits a bad smell (odour pollution). Mahila Mandal. It is major nuisance in the area.4. wrappers. Odour emancipating from mule excreta and other waste is annoying.7). during peak season when. A few generators of large capacity (being used mainly by the three Gurdwaras) and some small 5 KVA capacities by in use by the local establishments were observed. (Suggestions for management have been given in Solid Waste Management Section 3. and some by local inhabitants. are disciplined in this respect as. majority of tourists are pilgrims (to Hemkunt) and naturalists (to Valley of Flowers). It is mainly due to mule activity and the same needs better management. There are no laws that govern the quality or quantity of odour pollution. (This aspect has also been covered under Pollution category).Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report through the route. However this mode of pollution is indeed a source of concern particularly for this area since it is a tourist area and also a pilgrimage area. The ambient air quality is good and does not call for any immediate measures. the current modes of piling at specific site and final disposal including utilization have to be addressed. There are no motor vehicles in the region. Power is provided by electricity either through main grid or through local micro-hydel scheme. Suggestions have been given in other Section 3. It is not a matter of concern in the valley. Odour Pollution is a matter of serious concern. Plastic Waste • Plastic bottles. However.4 to mitigate this problem. rain coats. Power supply should be improved so that people are discouraged from extensive use of diesel or kerosene fuel based generators. but the supply is insufficient with low voltage. Pollution Air Pollution • Air pollution is not a matter of concern in the valley. on an average 50 to 100 persons might visit Valley of Flowers in a day. carry bags. There are no major issues related to air pollution in the area except Odour pollution.4. it is reported that a cacophony of some visitors due to awe inspiring beauty may be of some concern to those who would prefer serenity and want to enjoy the 5-136 Odour Pollution • • Noise Pollution • . The tourists. The mode of disposal. which should be free of pollutants including odour pollution. so far. storage bins and other waste generated mostly due to tourism. their quantum (would increase tremendously with increase in tourism). When the water is revered and carries that importance. This can be done by providing more efficient urinals and toilets. Urinals’ waste / kitchen waste / utensil wash waste should be managed so that the disposal does not mix with system openly.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report beauty in a much quieter way. which ultimately the Ghangharia & village settlement downstream use for drinking water has to be checked immediately. Minor noise is generated by diesel generators as well. The microbial load at several places was more than the standards provided. any pollution of water for use downstream even of the minor nature is alarming. yet these are not followed. Loud speakers are placed at Gurdwaras. People urinating openly and near water bodies especially.4. as increase in number of tourists will compound this problem. • A proper lay out plan of water supply system plan needs to be prepared. Special attention is to be paid to avoid wastewater and drinking water pipes getting closer to each other. as well as awareness education. Suggestions have been given in Solid Waste Disposal section 3. drinking water system needs to be better managed. It is a major problem identified in the area. The cold months do pose a major problem when pipes burst. Ghangharia and not particularly in Valley of Flowers. Even with such large and pure resources available in plenty. Almost all the pilgrims who visit Hemkunt Sahib carry the Sarovar water back home. Pipes carrying drinking water and wastewater have to be separated. Water Pollution • This problem is not alarming as there is plenty of natural water yet. This noise pollution is not found a major issue as the area has a large capacity to absorb this noise. the stream originating from Hemkunt. and may need to be laid underneath or re-laid before next season. People going to Hemkunt Sarovar should clean themselves before taking a dip. this acts as a strength and inspiration for trekking pilgrims. o Drinking water system is unstructured. • • • • Plastic pollution • 5-137 . Management of toilets/urinals is an immediate concern. Though instructions exist.7. The increase is not alarming but needs care. there are several issues observed that need attention. o These problems are compounded in areas like Hemkunt. Thus. Uttaranchal or be known by any other name by DoF as felt appropriate).1. Though most of the items sold there are packed or bottled. Many of these are endangered. is expected. This demonstration nursery can be named as Germplasm Bank of Endangered Species of VoF (as suggested by Chief Wildlife Warden. which simulates species of Valley of Flowers at other sites nearby Ghangharia. 3.2. Joshimath (DFO). at risk of exploitation and in the threatened category. Although there are efforts to 5-138 . this is an important component. National Bureau of Plant Genetics Resources (NBPGR) has undertaken surveys and has partially accessioned some of its biodiversity. he or she is mentally ready to imbibe information when exposed. It is obligatory that the stall owners are trained and model canteens are set up so that. however a complete accessioning with conservation objective would be an ideal proposition for the site.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Health Concerns • The stalls serving tea and snacks are not being managed as per standards expected at a prime tourist place. this issue needs scientific inputs. Biodiversity is the real attraction for the Valley of Flowers and the Ecotourism in this region partially depends on this aspect (apart from the revered Hemkunt site attraction). as well as. The Division of Department of Forests. Even when the tourist visits as a pilgrim and not an eco-tourist. there is a choice for tourists. and Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve Authorities have taken good care and management is cognizant of the fact that there is no further depletion. Refer Section 6.2 under Chapter 6 on Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Development Plan for details of this proposal. and which will be a good demonstration of the biodiversity of the Valley. It is proposed to put up a shadow garden / demonstration nursery. Biodiversity Issues & Conservation Strategy • The area has a variety of species that are endemic to the area.2. healthy handling of supplies etc. cleanliness of utensils and serving cups. yet a minimum standard of quality in terms of preparation of eatables like tea and coffee. examples are set for healthy handling of eatables that takes care of health of tourists. however. Biodiversity & its Accessioning • • Germplasm Bank of Endangered Species of VoF (ex-situ conservation) • Educational Component • It is a principal of eco-tourism that there has to be good educational material support for the eco-tourist. The brochures. More guides need to be trained for the purpose. P. Though the names have been shown with the plants at the demonstration garden. o Very few guides. much more needs to be undertaken: o Camps of NCC or other organisations . salient features. CDs and other forms of visual information like colour pamphlets/brochures/booklet.Here not only the cadets have been educated but they in turn have tried to educate others (However. traditional uses and other information associated with the plants. however these could be displayed more aesthetically. colleges. Film strips. amateurs. Bhyundar members have been trained and sensitised. • A good garden has to be having an educational component. o There are displays of list of plants at the entrance of the valley displayed prominently. This is cardinal to the concept of ecotourism. not of pictures only but information generated on scientific lines and for all target audiences such as schools. who are also EDC. brochures and pictures that can be sold at commercial scale. slide shows. entrepreneurs and professionals. including the controversial issues like that of control of dominating species as mentioned earlier. conservation status and efforts made by the Authority to conserve. However as proposed. we recommend a complete booklet (preferably in colour to have a good visual effect) that gives information about the plants. displays. Many of these works have been published too. multiply and promote the concerned plants. some population studies have been undertaken by Dr C. possible use. will enhance the tourist activity as well as help in conservation). Forest Department has listed the names of the species that occur in the area. Currently. Floppies. the signage displayed on rock surfaces are not aesthetically good). Kala and others through research programs of the Ministry of Environment & Forests as well as through independent efforts of Universities and institutes. the efforts are casual and not in a structured way. The products can be supplemented with CDs. CDs and other forms of educational material should cover as much information as possible. etc. a multi-institutional sponsored program that will provide convincing solutions followed by brain storming meeting to reach a consensus based on scientific evidence and hypothesis. (Yet published information. o The local organisations have been sensitised and educated.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report initiate this activity through various means as listed below. • • Population Studies • 5-139 . with colourful booklets. Moreover. Efforts were done to prune these species to reduce their impact. These plants belong to the local population and the ecosystem and thus are in tune with the local environment. However. Plants of the region that have overgrown in proportion and assumed weedy growth as compared to a situation few years ago when grazing was permitted in the region. There have been no studies on if these plants are weedy. There were opinions that these plants grow big only when associated plants have flowered and seeded and hence these are not weedy. The studies already in progress should be promoted and supported. the situation is different. − These plants have to be managed so that the sustainability of the system is maintained. The issue was discussed at length in brain storming meetings organised during the course of this study by inviting experts on the subject area. if at all. such species are dominant and come up again vigorously once the area is cleared. but once one gets deeper into the valley. Actions to remove these species by up rooting were stopped since that can cause erosion and do more harm than good. This will be useful for eco-tourism as well as for conservation of the site. Issues of dominating specie growth should be debated and tackled with the best of expertise available in the country. These are not detrimental to growth of the other plants unless these overgrow the smaller and less dominant species. a co-ordinated effort should be made involving more than one institutions and brain storming meetings be organised to chalk out the plan of study and establish milestones. it is recommended that instead of solitary studies. It was opined that earlier this aspect was noticed and it is only now that we are observing this and hence it is not an issue. − The controversial issue if these plants are weedy or not needs attention and scientific assessment. The dominating species have to be defined into various categories: 1. • • 5-140 . what species have been suppressed by these dominating plants. However others opine that these dominating species have grown all over and need to be addressed. Others pointed out that these plants only grow on the fences and margins and hence it appears that the whole are has been taken over by them.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • A population study has to be undertaken where population of the concerned plants in the Valley are studied with indices of distribution so that evaluations can be made from time to time about their status and remedial measures can be taken. 3.3. The third category is of certain plants that may increase in number due to managed ecosystem where grazing or other disturbances are checked. Some of the species are being multiplied in tissue culture or 5-141 . − Also early detection. − Many times introduction of such weeds is due to change in ecology of the region. This may happen at the cost of others plants whose density or abundance may decrease. − Cuscuta europaea specie has been reported from the region. 2. disturbance due to activities such as road construction etc. complete denudation of the land. 3.2. it should be left to the ecosystem to adjust and manage and human intervention may not be good unless it is supported by long-term field studies based on population analyses and population dynamics studies.1 of conservation plan on flora and fauna of the study region. For example. There are no such major disturbances. Conservation Status • Medium to long-term conservation of seeds or propagules of all the species must be ensured. − Tourists carry food items and other belongings. however caution must be taken while constructing new roads and paths when excavation or removal of topsoil is undertaken. − This is one reason why there should be no up rooting of the existing plants even when these assume weedy growth. which automatically invites weeds. which are not quarantined. Dominating species that do not belong to the region and ecosystem but have crept into the ecosystem. These are dangerous and harmful species and/or weeds. Also even if minor changes of this category take place.1. Certain plants may grow in number or density. References of other weeds have also been cited in this report. It is not practically possible to quarantine all the belongings and food items carried into the region but awareness of the problems can lead to partial check. No such studies have been undertaken at the valley sites. These weeds need immediate check and studies for the reasons for their emergence need to be undertaken. Ecologists are aware of Parthenium hysterophorus and Lantana weeds.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Refer Section 6. monitoring and reporting of such incidence can lead to appropriate studies and remedial measures. Lantana has taken over lower hills and is spreading into higher altitudes. invites other plants that are weedy as these are vigorous and compete with the locals and take over. However. • Listing of species that are threatened. − Outsourcing information and protocols from existing institutions on invitro culture status of plants of Valley of Flowers (H. or extinct in the region with respect to their distribution in the country (similar habitats in Himalayas) or in the world should be undertaken and published. These should be promoted. However the genotypes and phenotypes that valley supports are unique and must be conserved either in-situ or ex-situ (as proposed above in the form of Germplasm bank / demonstration nursery near the Valley of Flowers site at Ghangharia or other possible sites). H. Such species and studies have to be recorded and made use of in Conservation strategies. Studies should be undertaken to assess the -dwindling diversity and measures taken to counter the same. − Accessioning of diversity with IC (Indian Collection) numbers − Listing of endangered and threatened species with references from red data book (international as well as regional prepared by BSI though Ministry of Environment and Forests). N. There have been efforts by Himalayan Institute and others to raise in-vitro cultures of some of the endangered species. Wild Life Institute of India. Plants obtained from valley should be multiplied and restored when and where necessary. Bahuguna University and others are undertaking laboratory studies yet the following arrangement in a structured and planned way should be initiated. Nearly 31 species are listed in literature that are endangered or threatened in VOFNP. High Altitude Centre Garhwal and other institutes. − Getting endangered plants cultured in large number by providing mother plants from Valley of Flowers area and not sources from other places. It calls for immediate assessment of the diversity. the plant species as such may not be threatened. • • • • 5-142 . N. This will come under the Global Strategy for Conservation of Endangered or threatened species.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report other modes at Almora. it is a crucial point to note that there are varietal differences in the plants and Valley enjoys a unique position. endangered. National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI). as the same species exist at other places in Kashmir etc. Lucknow has launched a program on ‘Investing in Nature’ where Botanical Gardens are developing a mandate to conserve the -dwindling diversity. Currently several institutions like that at Almora. Bahuguna University has several thousands of Pycrorhiza plants). In certain cases. and several from the valley fall in this category. Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report − Reintroduction of cultured plants in the areas where depleted following population biology protocols and principals. Pollution Issues Issues • • • There are nearly 4 lakh tourists visiting Hemkunt and taking a dip in the Holy waters. • Locals and migratory pastoral communities often view the Alpine meadows as important grazing resources. Literature search. the varieties or chemovars or ecotypes of Valley be identified and highlighted so that tourist can appreciate the uniqueness of the Valley or adjacent areas. Protection of geographical site preference of Valley of Flowers should be protected from IPR exploitation. IPR & Bio-prospecting • • • • 3. The facilities for natural calls of the tourists are insufficient and need further inputs. Many have patented Vedas term. (The current numbers of 5-143 . This may appear controversial but once accessioning has been done. opinion of the experts. Similarly protection of the site under geographical site protection may be useful in the long run. − Development of Germplasm Bank / Demonstration Nursery − Undertaking population studies to assess the role of dominating species and endangered species − Undertaking studies on grazing and impacts. Water pollution need to be addressed. these can also be provided to concerned institutes and industry for developing products and processes so that bio-prospecting can be ensured. However institutional studies to monitor the impact will find better answers to the vexed problem.4. As pointed out earlier. The number of tourists to Valley is still below optimal and the issue of their being supra optimal was not observed at this stage. It may be stated here that Basmati rice has been patented with minor modifications. plants have been multiplied in sufficient numbers in nurseries outside Valley. Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve authorities have taken this issue seriously and are managing the problem. scientific examination can be undertaken to arrive at this uniqueness with authentication. Mere conservation without development will not lead to economic development.1. The official VoF web site and other means information must highlight the conservation status of the Valley and adjacent areas. The current urinals are tin funnels that get stinky from frequent use and poor cleanliness.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report tourists to Valley of Flowers is too small as compared to similar facilities at other places in the world. there is no pressure of petroleum use. It is obligatory that the stall owners are trained and model canteens are set up so that there is a choice for tourists as well as examples is set for healthy handling of eatables that takes care of health of tourists. Unmanaged disposal is a serious concern as water pipes cross the village sites and often these are not managed properly and get infection from the urinals and latrines. Urinating near the water bodies or sites frequented by other persons can be a health hazard apart from visual pollution. There is no pressure of sound pollution. Mule excreta are a very prominent source of pollution. • • A study was made of water quality at Hemkunt site.4 in earlier section). the cause can also be a health concern. Though most of the items sold there are packed or bottled. looking to the importance of the education available at the site. Though there are arrangements for its cleaning by the sweepers arranged by local authorities but the arrangement neither reduces odour pollution nor is ecologically 5-144 • • • • • . and interest in biodiversity of the nation. Odour pollution is a concern and must be addressed to as apart from nuisance.2 . as they cannot depend upon the natural water otherwise available in plenty at the sites. prospects of ecotourism in the region. yet a minimum standard of quality in terms of preparation of eatables like tea and coffee. cleanliness of utensils and serving cups. and number of tourists that go to Hemkunt and not visit Valley of Flowers) • • Pressure of tourists in the lower areas was supra optimal looking to the facilities available on the way. and the area enjoys natural vastness to accommodate minor pressures. Poor hygiene at the site compels the tourists to carry water bottles. Several of such points were observed which could be the possible source of infection for the villagers and unprepared visitors. is expected. • Facilities for urinals and toilets are a matter of concern. population of the country. healthy handling of supplies etc. The stalls serving tea and snacks are not being managed as per standards expected at a prime tourist place. There are no issues of air pollution as the management has taken good precaution.3. No major pollutants were observed in the water as sampled from various sites and the results are discussed in earlier sections (refer Tables 3. potential to revenue that can be generated by way of ecotourism. These sites should have arrangement for vermi-composting or manuring. It can be utilised as manure in the nearby agriculture fields if collected and processed. It was suggested that the growth of dominating species comes up after the species have flowered and thus does not shadow the species in its vicinity. However. A protected forest in the true sense should be least disturbed. There are contradicting reports that protection of grazing causes occurrence of such species.1. excreta trashed on the trek path. and is thus not endangering any of the species. Dr. The critics propose that controlled grazing should be allowed to keep such dominating species in check. • • 3. P. 800-1000 odd mules’ excreta is sprayed along the trek path and establishments in the Bhyundar valley and rivers for good four-five months. Help of local community volunteers may have to be sought. Recent efforts of the Department of Forests have created great awareness among locals as well as visitors yet the ecosystem is fragile and needs conservation measures. This fertiliser can be utilised in the proposed gardens or agriculture fields. and utilisation of organic resource. the biodiversity of valley including more than 521 vascular plant species out of which 499 are flowering species. Kala who has surveyed the area and is studying for the last several years claims that he has not observed loss of any species due to the so called weeds. Management of mule excreta will solve ecological disturbance.5. On the other hand naturalists argue that the weed the critics are pointing out is a part of natural vegetation and is not limiting the growth of species. It looks very prominent because of its tallness. Issue of Dominating Species/Weeds The issue of occurrence of dominating species has often been debated. is under threat. This issue was discussed in the brain storming sessions specially convened for this study. a scheme of incentives may have to be introduced where the sweepers or mule owners are encouraged to collect excreta along the trek path and deposit at designated sites. Flora and Fauna As per the conservationists and forests officials. odour pollution. however is not overtaking the entire valley. It is strongly recommended since it is causing odour pollution and a nuisance on the way where tourist is trekking. C. 5-145 . Moreover the dominating specie of Polygonum polystachyum grows only on the sides of the valley and not all over the valley. Since it is not practically possible to train mules to leave excreta at specified points (although designated rest points with disposal pits may be planned). • It is an expensive suggestion to collect all the excreta yet it is a resource that is rich in organic matter.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report sustainable since all the dried or mulled excreta is thrown all around the natural forest. Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report otherwise there is a risk, they believe, that near extinct plants may have their resurgence. It is recommended that grazing may not be allowed and this aspect be studied in the form of sponsored project in a multi institutional mode since it is not difficult to observe the spread of a dominating specie and the dangers it may cause in a controlled study. The Dominating Species Polygonum polystachyum and pinkish Impatiens sulcata take over the parts of valley in the month of September. These species are supposed to suppress the growth of other flowering species. Polygonum polystachyum, which is commonly called, as “Saran” tends to suppress some of flowering herbs and hinders a good view of the flowers. Polygonum grows mostly at an elevation of 3,300-3,500 m on disturbed habitats such as eroded slopes, boulder areas, avalanche prone areas and fragmented tree line zones. Flowering plants, on the other hand, dominate stable undulating areas and slopes. From the views of guides and earlier researchers the mode of dispersion of seed is quite unique and if not disturbed, remain as such on its location forever. Details of the vegetation in the Park as falling under various zones are described earlier in Chapter 2. The Tree-line This is the most prominent ecological boundary in the Himalayas where the subalpine forests terminate. The forests below tree line are classified as under sub alpine forests of Betula utilis and Rhododendron campanulantum. The sub-alpine forests have been further divided into western Himalayan sub-alpine birch-fir forests (Betula – Abies) and eastern Himalayan sub-alpine forests (Champion & Seth, 1968). Generally the fir – birch community develops on the morainic environs while the birch rhododendron community comes mainly on the rocky substrates. The alpine meadows develop mainly on the smooth and stable slopes between 3500-4500 m above MSL. A large number of herbaceous communities e.g. Potentilla–geranium, Cortia-Ranunculus, Kobresia – Carex etc.develop in the alpine region depending upon the stability of the slopes, soil depth, biotic pressure and exposure. The meadow vegetation is quite often a mixture of stunted, much branched, tufted herbs and shrubs spreading close to the ground and forming matted cushions with deep penetrating rootstocks and perennial underground stems. The continuous herbaceous vegetation is interrupted only by outcrops of rocks, mountain streams, marshlands or other terrain types. This compact and herbaceous vegetation does not continue beyond 4500 + 100 m above MSL as it is replaced by more xerophytic communities such as members of Crassulaceae, Saxifragaceae, lichens, and mosses. 5-146 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Alpine meadows are locally known as `Bugyal’ in Garhwal and Kumaon regions of Uttaranchal. These areas are well known for their scenic beauty, floral diversity and repositories of a number of valuable medicinal herbs. Apart from the flowering, alpine meadows also include the wild variety of nonflowering ones such as Osmundaterm clatoniana. Apart from these there are several ferns, lichens, fungi and algal species that also need intensive study, inventorisation, digitisation, and conservation. A few studies exist on the ecology of alpine meadows in the areas adjacent to the Indian Himalayas. Prompted by these needs, Wildlife Institute of India (WII) conducted an ecological study in the Valley of Flowers National Park (VOFNP) and adjoining, areas of Garhwal Himalayas. The National park status of the Valley of Flowers grants total protection to the area and provides an opportunity to collect the base line data on the various attributes of alpine vegetation, which can be monitored on the long-term basis to see the effect of protection. Climatic Zone Sub-alpine Lower alpine Higher alpine Altitude Range 2800 - 3800 m 3525 - 3800 m 3880 - 4650 m Soil pH Acidic Acidic Acidic Species Diversity Index 3.23 2.86 1.88 Source: Wild life Institute of India, August 1998(Report: RR-98/003) The alpine meadows in the Valley of Flowers appear to be more diverse. Right from the start of trekking from the Ghangharia to the valley the forest is covered with tree species such as Acer indicuum, Pinus species, Taxus baccata, Betula species. Grazing Livestock grazing although has been banned already but some researchers justify grazing practice. They claim grazing as an essential part to maintain species diversity. However, livestock grazing and its impact on alpine meadows of Valley of Flowers has been a subject of considerable debate among ecologists. It has been reported that livestock grazing may encourage the growth and distribution of certain species including dominating and less desirable herbs. Grazing animals affect plant communities in several interrelated ways, including plant defoliation, nutrient removal and redistribution through excreta and mechanical impacts on soil and diversity through trampling. 5-147 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report During recent years some authors opined that live stock grazing is necessary to maintain the floral diversity in alpine areas because it suppresses the over growth of a few opportunistic herbs such as Osmenda claytoniana, Impatiens sulcata and Polygonum polystachyum. Department of Forests once initiated uprooting the dominating species like Polygonum polystachyum, but soon it was stopped because the roots of this herb go deep inside the soil and act as a good soil binder, and uprooting these could lead to soil erosion. Since then National Park authorities are trying to suppress this herb from selected areas by cutting the grass to restrict its growth. Tourists also damage some plants by trampling and otherwise like, by plucking to collect as souvenir or so as observed by the consultants during the site visits. Thus, education of the tourists to sensitise them to the environemtn is the best remedy. Wild life (Valley of Flower-Hemkunt Region) The National Park is full of faunal diversity. Himalayan pit viper and cobras are some of the reptiles that can be seen frequently. Himalayan Bear are common; leopard is also sometimes observed; and it is suggested not to go any where at night because evening is the time of maximum wild life movement. Environmental Awareness and Education Tourism as such may not pose any direct impact on the Ecology of Valley of flowers. There is no need to reduce the number of tourists visiting the valley at present, rather they should be given awareness as it is a means of education, vacation, income for locals and necessary part of civilisation. However, this should be managed in a controlled/regulated manner for handling the visitation load in the Valley of Flowers & through proposed Germplasm Bank / Demonstration Nursery reducing future pressure on the Valley. The Nature Interpretation Centre at Ghangharia is run by the trained guides and the workers of EDC (Eco-Development Committee) who inform the interested tourists by showing slide show presentation. However, a better equipped and innovative centres and systems need to be developed and tourists should also be educated about the protection and conservation issues. 3.1.6. Water Management Water is in plenty in the region and as such this should not be an issue, however, two aspects are worth consideration: • • Maintaining the status of water in the region, & Making clean water available to the tourists. Pollution of water by visiting tourists by throwing solid waste 5-148 This aspect can be classified into the following categories: • Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • Pollution of water due to release of human and animal waste into streams such as toilets waste drained off without processing; animal waste let off without management etc. Polluting Hemkunt Sarovar water by bathing without washing, releasing waste by way of cleaning clothes, utensils, mixing of stacked solid waste behind Langar facility, etc. which subsequently affects Lakshman / Hem Ganga that emanates from the Sarovar. • Details of these aspects have been covered under various sections. Management of urine and toilet waste of about 4 lakh visitors camping at various sites (refer Table 2.4 in Chapter 2 for details of number of tourists visiting the region), regular staff at Gurdwaras, villagers of Pulna, Ghangharia and Bhyundar and other floating population of various establishments including mule owners, and that of about 800-1000 mules is an identified area that needs attention. Similarly drinking water needs of all these people have to be addressed in such a way that tourists should be able to get clean drinking water (with a purity confidence) at the sites rather than to carry drinking water bottles from the base camps (and then in turn litter the plastic bottles on the way). Refer Environment Management Plan for wastewater - Sec 5.2.5 for details of recommendations. 3.1.7. Solid Waste Management There are several issues related to solid waste management pointed out in the report above. Following measures are proposed. Existing Solid Waste Management System Refer section 2.11.4 in Chapter 2 for the description of the existing scenario of the Solid Waste Management in the region. Solid Waste Management – Main Concerns • How to dispose of the significant amount of non-biodegradable waste already collected and brought down at Govind Ghat till Jul 2003, and which further continued to litter till the closure of this season? How to collect the non-biodegradable waste that is littered but not collected during the tourist season and which got accumulated including that littered in the early month of Oct 2003 after the EDC services for cleaning the path was stopped by end of Sep 2003? How to improve inadequate remuneration, supporting infrastructure, etc. offered currently to the cleaning staff? Can all the tourist traffic of which the religious tourism is anyway expected to have a majority share be charged, say a nominal/total/per visit ecodevelopment fee per person at the 1 km point EDC Check-post after Govind 5-149 • • • Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Ghat for trekking enroute to Ghangharia-Hemkunt Sahib and staying at Ghangharia? • Definition of clear roles of various agencies working in this area henceforth like, EDC, Mahila Mandal, Gurdwara Sri Hemkunt Sahib Management Trust, Department of Forest, Van Panchayat, Gram Sabha, Department of Forests, Department of Tourism, etc.? Valley of Flowers Some of the tourists/visitors and people’s perception reports that in the recent years there are fewer flowers and that species diversity is decreased in the valley of flowers. In the absence of quantitative data from the past studies it is not possible to infer whether species diversity has increased or decreased after the declaration of the park and resultant ban on livestock grazing since 1982. The issue of control of growth of dominating species (like Polygonum polystachyum, Impatiens sulcata, etc.) or its removal is still a sensitive subject. Proper environmental orientation / eco-awareness amongst all those who visit is also an issue w.r.t. the protection of the natural heritage and proper solid waste disposal. Hemkunt Lake & Shrine Each year, the four-month yatra to Sri Hemkunt Sahib brings more than 3-4 lakhs people to the Bhyundar Valley. Along with these visitors come some serious environmental impacts to this remote mountainous region. Refer Environment Management Plan for solid waste management: Sec 5.2.4 for details of recommendations on the same. 3.1.8. Carrying Capacity Carrying capacity depends upon the resource available, number of consumers dependent upon the resource and capacity of the system to replace the lost resources. In this case, both water and space are in plenty in the region, however, the fragility of biodiversity is the concern. Valley of Flowers The area currently available for tourists is very limited and all the components of this spot are precious. Any trampling, removal or damage is limiting to the system. Not that the system is not capable of replenishing it but the replenishment of the lost species is usually not with the same and similar species but usually with more aggressive and competitive species. In such a case, the structure of the community will be different if the lost components (species in this case) are continuously replaced by dominating species or components or associations different from the natural or original ones. Already there is a concern of growth of dominating species due to restrictions on grazing. There is a debate on if grazing should be allowed as in past so that the such species are kept in check. However, we strongly feel that grazing will also 5-150 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report remove other components that are rare and may be lost with grazing or trampling due to grazing activity. Even trampling and plucking of flora by tourists may be detrimental. Thus, tourists path need to be defined with movements restricted. Number of tourists has increased as compared to previous years. The growth of domestic tourists had been 63% in 2003, however it is observed very limited (nearly 1.17 % in 2002 and 1.63 % in 2003) number of persons visiting Hemkunt Sahib visit Valley of Flowers. A 10 sq.km area of the main valley that is visible cannot stand lakhs of tourists moving on a limited pathway space of 0.6 ha / 1.5 acres in a small season of four months. Its carrying capacities don’t permit that. The physical space for tourists to move around in the Valley of Flowers is limited and higher the number, more chances of damage to the precious biodiversity components. At present the numbers of tourists visiting the Valley of Flowers are quite below the carrying capacity and these numbers can be increased by proper management and education as elaborated in other sections of this report. Kindly refer Chapter 6 for further details. Hemkunt Sarovar This site has nearly four lakh visitors in a season. This site is somewhat better managed in terms of organisation of space for Gurdwara, bathing area, toilets, Langar facility, etc. Details of these impacts have been discussed in other chapters. Refer Chapter 6 for details. 3.1.9. Tourist Vista Points • Vista points be developed which are clean, have sitting space, give a good look of the landscape, have telescopes, arrangements for digital photography (may be on cost) and have detailed educational information. This place can also be used to educate on the efforts of the management to keep the area clean and other notices. Cost for such services can be fixed on “no profit-no loss” basis. Calculating the possible number of users, depreciation costs etc., the local authorities can fix cost per shot. Normally it should not exceed Rs. 5 so that it remains attractive to use this facility. Usually hill stations have telescopes installed at such points to visit far off peaks etc. Refer Chapter 6 & 8 for details of proposals on Vista Points. • 3.1.10.Health of Animals Mules in the region are not healthy, are sick, several die per year as per the observations during this study. • Mule diet is not balanced and they are fed only to get work. 5-151 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • • • • • Their diet must include sufficient fibre, green and should be balanced. Arrangement to grow green fodder and providing the same is to be made. This will avoid unmanaged grazing and give good health to the mule. The mule operators buy green or dry grass from contractors who get contract to cut grass from the wild and sell. Health check of mules should be mandatory. Sick mule is not allowed to ply in the area. Mule Stand in the area is full of their urine and filth. Healthy clean areas for mule be developed. This is also important for health of the persons who use mules, sit on them, and touch the mules. Mule urine, particularly at trained urinating spots be collected in pits and cleaned by passing the urine through cleaning tanks containing gravel, sand or as recommended for such cleaning. This will reduce the risk of urine contaminating water bodies and soil in the area. Two temporary structure - Veterinary clinics should be provided in the tourists season, one each at Ghangharia and Govind Ghat keeping in mind the large number (800 to 1000) mules operating in the region. This number may increase as the tourist number increases. • • 3.1.11.Capacity Building It is very essential to develop education centres that are run by locals. These centres should be equipped, have organised training where scientific information is provided in simpler language and resources be provided for continuous education and training to local community members, EDC members, Mahila Mandals, mule operators, establishment owners, etc. Initially a batch of local community members/stakeholders can be trained by the Department of Forests and the Department of Tourism, at the Centre for Eco-tourism and Sustainable Livelihoods, Chunakhan (Ramnagar) under Department of Forests or fully equipped interpretation facility at the office of the DFO, Joshimath. NGOs working in Uttaranchal state can be invited to train these locals/share their experiences from time to time, along with the Defence Authorities, Forest Staff, etc. who can train for the requirements /preparation for emergency response & rescue system. Refer section 6.4.1 under Chapter 6 and Chapter 9 for details. 3.1.12.Development Issues Development of Toilet Clusters It is very essential to develop toilet clusters and individual toilet facilities. The yardstick is that any place where more than 25 persons are supposed to stay at a given time must have a toilet. These structures are critical at Hemkunt Sahib, all 5-152 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report rest places, rest/guest houses and village sites. Details have been given in relevant sections under Chapters 6 - 8. Facilities at Ghangharia This place is an important settlement. It must have all necessary facilities in terms of health care, toilet facilities, market, medicines, animal health care (veterinary) centre, information on environment regulations, biodiversity conservation centre, tourist information, souvenirs etc. Mule Sheds This point has also been detailed in Chapters 6-8. Mules that are about 800-1000 in number in a peak season is a good enough number to have proper sheds with sanitation facilities, mule waste collection centre etc. Rest/Rain Shelters These are just spots at present and do not facilitate the tourist. Shelters where more than 15-20 persons can rest or protect themselves from rain, and shelter with toilet facilities should be developed at regular intervals, say nearly every 1 to 1-1/2 km of the trek path. There may be very few such but smaller shelters within Valley of Flowers till 3 km point of difficult terrain. These can be combined with tea stalls/kiosk clusters (excluding in Valley of Flowers area). Tea stalls Clean and large tea stalls or canteen at planned clusters should be developed, as has been developed at Vaishno Devi site. These canteens should have clean food, proper washing facility, toilet, rest area where people can also eat from their own eatables (carried by them), waste disposal arrangement, waste compressing arrangement etc. These are important requirements and many tourists measure the facilities from availability of eating-places. These should also carry fixed prices displayed properly, have healthy food, ecological sustainable packing, degradable supplies (as far as possible), filtered water so that people can rely on the quality of water and need not carry their bottles. These can function as resource centres with education, displays about things they are going to visit, dos and don’ts. Upgradation of Trek Path The trek path definitely needs improvement. In the Valley of Flowers, people were seen walking over plants since the trek path was not clear and demarcated. The trek path in VoF has to be upgraded/relayed wherever required in dry stone kharanja including the surface of vista points clearly demarcating the area of movement. Similarly, the trek path has to be widened/ugraded with cement concrete (1:2:4) and with side railing protections in rest of the trek route. It 5-153 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report should also have proper displays through standardised signages (that blend with the environment) and not casual writings about facilities ahead, toilet sites, site for disposing waste, compression sites, do’s and don’ts, etc. Parking The facilities of parking at Govind Ghat base camp are not adequate. Proper facilities need to be developed so that tourist comes with a confidence and there is an order even in small details. Development of Demonstration Gardens Need for demonstration gardens / Germplasm bank to reduce pressure (act as a more resilient site/area) on Valley of Flowers, help conserve bio-diversity, help in better education (even to those who don’t go to Valley of Flowers and visit only Hemkunt), research, etc. are suggested. This will become an interpretation point. It can be used for education of the tourists. Interpretation is a major pout in eco-tourism. Managers of eco tourism sometimes omit this important requirement of interpretation. A termite mound can be seen and appreciated as such but an interpretation note on its age and its properties can help disseminate the information. It can also be used to convey biodiversity information. The same cannot be done at the original VoF, were even pitting a sign board will go against sustainability. If the site is developed at a relatively convenient site where more tourists can be encouraged, it will help cover higher numbers to educate pilgrims about biodiversity without pressurising VoF area. The suggestion is to support education about VoF. It is our duty and commitment to educate people, in this case, pilgrims on Biodiversity, provide an alternative venue which not only serves conservation but education. We are committed to educate people on biodiversity. People travel miles to see museums, on the other hand, this site becomes a favoured spot as many tourists are visiting this site and to avoid the general religious segment (who are not serious eco-tourists) from disturbing the Valley. Also, need to combine horticulture with tourism is advocated. This will give additional revenue and vocation to the locals particularly in off seasons. This will also help in eco-tourism. However all such activities have to be state of art, organic and need based. There is a great scope for cultivation of medicinal plants, ornamental plants, dehydration of plants to develop the same as souvenir, etc. 3.1.13.Hazard Mitigation Plan & Safety Measures The Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt region is prone to landslides, avalanche, etc. Moreover it falls in the higher range of Seismic Zones as well. Refer Chapter 9 for details on Hazard Mitigation Plan. 5-154 ECO-TOURISM DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY This chapter details the eco-tourism development strategy for the proposed developments in the Valley of Flowers. • 5-155 . landslides) signages Wrong Siting of Toilets & Improper Design No Proper View Points No Rain Shelters-cum-Rest Sheds Waste collection bins are neither easily evident nor attractive No proper bridges on smaller streams in the beginning of the trek like over Gushadhar Garh. Table 4. Risk of reduction in flora and medicinal plants Illegal removal of ripe plant seeds/ biomass/ medicinal herbs by members local community immediately after the tourist season No proper trek trail after 5 km No smaller trails to flowering patches & elevated rock points and to reach the same visitors trample the vegetation No signage to indicate way for Ms. other weeds.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 4. over Dev Mangri Garh and Bistoli Garh No bridge on river Pushpawati near main valley to access the other areas of the main valley (e. Smythe had camped during his detailed study of the Valley of Flowers.g.1 Emerging Issues The major emerging issues are summarised below in the Table 4. Nag Tal area) where Mr. and in the main valley like. etc. Impatiens sulcata.Hemkunt region.1 to arrive at an ecotourism development strategy. 4. Legge’s Grave/old Helipad (as reported) No safety railings where trek /trail path is very steep Limited Nature Interpretation signages No Warning (like. No.1: Major Emerging Issues in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Sr. Issue Type Issue / Impact VALLEY OF FLOWERS 1 Ecological Issues • • • • 2 Development Related • • • • • • • • • • • Spread of dominating specie Polygonum polystachyum Growth of other dominating plant species like. which with wind breeze keep falling in the Lakshman / • • 2 Development Related • • • • • 5-156 . detergents. No Proper System to check safe return of all tourists Not many trained guides/nature interpreters available Strict patrolling is difficult after tourist season is over / during extreme winters HEMKUNT SAHIB COMPLEX • • • • 4 Management Related • • • • 1 Ecological Issues • Pollution of Lakshman/Hem Ganga stream at Hemkunt Sahib through wastes from kitchen. non-biodegradable waste) Dirtying the temporary urinal toilets with human excreta Creation of cacophony and noise by some of the visitors (reports of such noise observed in past) which disturbs those who want quite solitude while enjoying the beauty of Valley of Flowers Trampling the plants/flower species to access natural view points/rocks for view and rest to enjoy the beauty of Valley of Flowers Defacing of tree trunks/rocks by engraved writing/writing in paint Damaging whatever waste bins are currently provided Vandalising Ms. 3 Issue Type Tourists’ Related • • • • Plucking of flowers Issue / Impact Littering waste (incl. while the micro-hydel plant capacity at Hemkunt becomes insufficient Toilets Facility not in hygienic condition for visitors No community Toilet Facility for mule operators/porters/palki carriers No proper Shower/Changing facility for men and women near the Hemkunt Sarovar with the message/signages to orient visitors to take shower before and after taking dip in the Hemkunt Sarovar to maintain hygiene or safety of bathing areas No bio-degradable solid/kitchen & utensil wash waste disposal mechanism Non bio-degradable waste is stacked in sacks behind the Langar hall. other solid waste.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Sr. Legge’s grave. Legge’s sister in 1941 No Warnings/ Compulsory Orientation of Tourists. and this has already destroyed the original grave stone as commemorated by Ms. and activities like urinating by the visitors’ and Gurdwara staff. No. nonbiodegradable wastes. Plucking of Brahmakamal (Sassurea obvallata) a high altitude flower of Himalayas. sacks stacked behind Langar hall. Use of diesel generator at Hemkunt Sahib Gurdwara complex (about 100 litres of diesel fuel is consumed every alternate day in the extremely cold weather. etc. porters. for puja/after Nandashtami. Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Sr. turntable.HEMKUNT TREK ROUTE 1 Ecological Issues • Much lesser vegetation/flowering species remains along in the beginning till Pulna as well as later in many stretches of the trek path Mule excreta is normally swept to the sides of the path. non-biodegradable waste) Dirtying the temporary urinal toilets with human excreta Urinating in the Lakshman / Hem Ganga stream No Safety Warnings/ Compulsory Orientation of Tourists to take shower before and after taking dip in the Hemkunt Sarovar to maintain hygiene and safety of bathing areas Lack of life guards in case of emergency of a visitor drowning in the Hemkunt Sarovar (instances of deaths have been reported in past) No Proper System to check safe return of all tourists Not many trained guides/nature interpreters available Strict patrolling is difficult after tourist season is over / during extreme winters 3 Tourists’ Related • • • • 4 Management Related • • • • • GOVIND GHAT . while urine remains on the trek path or flows down the slopes without any soak pit filtration Human waste including urine from temporary toilets gets disposed directly along the slopes Poor Condition of Trekking trails/path Safety railings are provided at bare minimum locations and missing at places where path is very steep Mules path and trekkers path are same Paths full of mule excreta at most of the places and urine at some places No proper Mule Sheds Fodder available only at Govind Ghat (brought from Ramnagar/Haldwani markets) and at Ghangharia (bought from local contractors who get the same from local villagers with rights to cut and sell grazing grass from Van Panchayat lands) • • 2 Development Related • • • • • • 5-157 . Issue Type Issue / Impact Hem Ganga stream channel below • • • • • • No Safe Drinking Water Facility No proper Mule Sheds No Rain Shelters-cum-Rest Sheds No visibly attractive. easy to use Waste Bins Lack of Nature Interpretation signages No Telecommunication Facilities Plucking of Brahmakamal flowers at Hemkunt Littering waste (incl. No. Other establishments also use small 5 KVA generators as the electricity supply is reported to be insufficient from the Ghangharia micro-hydel plant Poor Condition of Trekking trail/path within the Ghangharia settlement Mules path and trekkers path same. paths full of mule excreta No proper Mule Sheds Lack of high quality Accommodation & Restaurant facilities No aesthetics/pleasing architecture of the structure in the settlement No proper Community Toilets for mule operators/ porters/palki carriers No Safe Drinking Water Facility No Visibly Attractive. easy to use Waste Bins No Telecommunication Facilities No Directional/ Informatory signages No Warning (like landslides/avalanche) signages Shabbily painted eco-awareness signages over rocks Damaged provisions of electricity supply through grid Littering especially Plastics all through the trekking path Damaging whatever waste bins are currently provided Defacing of tree trunks/rocks by engraved writing/writing in paint Plucking of Brahmakamal flowers enroute to Hemkunt Dirtying the temporary urinal toilets with human excreta No Emergency Response System GHANGHARIA BASE SETTLEMENT 3 Tourists’ Related • • • • • 4 Management Related • 1 Ecological Issues • • Destruction of valuable trees for Construction leading to receding tree line at Ghangharia Use of diesel generator at Govind Dham Gurdwara complex (about 300 litres of diesel fuel is consumed every alternate day). Issue Type • • • • • • • • • • • Issue / Impact No proper Toilets/Soak Pits & Improper Design/Mechanism for disposal No Safe Drinking Water Facility Lack of high quality restaurants/dhabas/stalls enroute No aesthetics/pleasing architecture of the structure enroute No Rain Shelters-cum-rest sheds (tea stalls/dhabas premises provide places of rest) No Visibly Attractive .Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Sr. easy to use Waste Bins 2 Development Related • • • • • • • • 5-158 . turntable. No. turntable. No. however some free treatment/patient beds is possible in the Gurdwara dispensary or on payment in Government dispensary (for which the additional patient beds facility is provided in Gurdwara complex). The structures have been constructed in a haphazard manner along the 8-10 ft. wide trek path in Ghangharia settlement No Warnings/ Compulsory Orientation of Tourists towards environmental conservation and safety No Emergency Response System.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Sr. Other establishments also use small 5 KVA generators as the electricity supply is reported to be insufficient from the grid Insufficient Parking Facility arrangements especially during peak season Lack of high quality Accommodation & Restaurant facilities No aesthetics/pleasing architecture of the structure in the settlement No proper Mule Sheds No proper Community Toilets for mule operators/ porters/palki carriers Lack of Proper Drinking Water Facility Lack of proper Toilet Facility (the one near the Main Parking Facility is not yet operational) • • • 2 Development Related • • • • • • • 5-159 . About 200-250 litres of diesel fuel is consumed every day here. Issue Type • • • • Issue / Impact No Directional/ Informatory signages Insufficient Telecommunication Facilities No bio-degradable solid/kitchen & utensil wash waste disposal mechanism Insufficient electricity Littering especially Plastics along the trek path in Ghangharia Improper self-behaviour in a public location as the limited telecommunication facilities have heavy load at Ghangharia Most of the establishments in Ghangharia are encroachments. GOVIND GHAT BASE SETTLEMENT 3 Tourists’ Related Management Related • • • 4 • • 1 Ecological Issues • The non-biodegradable and bio-degradable solid waste is observed finding its way directly to river Alaknanda and polluting the same About more than 4000 sacks of non-biodegradable waste collected from the entire trek path during the study season (2003) was still piled up near the Govind Ghat Forest Rest House Impact of blasting in the nearby mountain slopes to widen the roads and parking Use of diesel generator at Govind Dham Gurdwara complex. social. 4. The following principles underpin the Tourism Strategy for Valley of Flowers. some free treatment is possible in the Gurdwara dispensary or on payment in local clinics. mule operators etc) and Eco-certification Management of Religious Tourism at this destination.Hemkunt region as outlined below. This should be part of a larger religious tourism policy that the Govt of Uttaranchal State need to develop.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Sr. and region as a quality eco-tourist developing tourism to ensure the overall development of the region. Govind Ghat has become functional No Compulsory Orientation of Tourists at the start of trek from Govind Ghat towards environmental conservation and safety No Registration of Mules/ Structure of Operation/Control over what is charged by the mule operators/porters/palki carriers During an emergency. and recently in 2004 EDC. easy to use Waste Bins No Directional/ Informatory signages Lack of trained guides/nature interpreters No bio-degradable solid/kitchen & utensil wash waste disposal mechanism Insufficient electricity Littering especially Plastics along the trek path in Govind Ghat During the study in 2003 Govind Ghat was maintained by Zila Panchayat. No. turntable. economic and administrative aspects of the region that create either opportunities or constraints for the development of tourism and defines the macro-level policy. Gurdwara provides free ambulance services. hence a guideline required on this. The Tourism Development Strategy emphasises on: • • developing Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt destination in a sustainable manner. GENERAL ISSUES 3 4 Tourists’ Related Management Related • • • • • 1 Management Issues • • Registration of Services (like guides.2 The Development Considerations The Development Strategy takes into consideration the environmental. VoFHemkunt region has limited capacity it could handle in the 4 month season. Issue Type • • • • • • • Issue / Impact Insufficient Telecommunication Facilities Government Dispensary building is still not operational No Visibly Attractive . 5-160 . 5-161 .1 Conservation of the Environment Tourism needs to be sustainable.) within the area of land pooling may not necessarily be required to be dismantled. while suggesting developments to be planned ones and ensuring that the tourist visitation is regulated. − Provides motivation for continual improvement – both of the service/product or firm certified. Tourism is not different in this respect than any other industry. such a strategy will have on the amenity of the area. tourism business. However. The eco-certification should be a result of participatory process involving local community and community-based organisations (e. Also different identity should be maintained for the zones/ clusters along the trek path and at the destination. − Recognises establishments for technical/financial assistance. a few GI sheet structures at Ghangharia (like toilets for labour community.2. health acre/veterinary clinic. All these structures for the cluster facilities should be temporary in nature and which should be disassembled and stored after the tourist season is over in early Oct. To start with. • Categorisation of Areas & Eco-certification of Services To plan the development of the region. The eco-certification is expected to help in the following ways: − Provide tangible benefits to tourism service providers & means for tourists to choose freely. the International Eco-tourism Standards (IES) may be followed to get a basis for assessing baseline environmental management performance standards for eco-tourism products & recognising the best practices. EDC). This is one of the most important considerations given the ecological sensitivity of the region. − Provide tangible benefits to the local community and to conserve the nature and culture. it is essential to consider the impact on the environment. government departments (e. The service providers should be registered and attempt should be made to certify eco-tourism products/services they offer. and re-assembled just before June when the tourism begins. • Conservation of Environment If eco-tourism is to thrive in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt region.g. Any long-term diversification strategy requires careful consideration of the environmental and social effects. − Sets minimum standards and encourages best practices. Hierarchy of environmentally sensitive and least development spaces need to be maintained like inside Valley. Forests and Tourism).Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 4.g. NGOs. cheap dormitory accommodation. etc. the tourist destinations should be categorised into activity zones. every year. etc. not any new physical development to take place. accommodation or facilities will optimally blend these developments with the surroundings and minimise any degradation of the environment. These aspects need to be developed for a site to become a tourist destination especially by tourist facilitation.2. information availability and hospitality. • Formulating Circuits As there are lots of tourist destinations outside the region and nearby. 5-162 . • Standards for Maintenance of Environmental Balance The implementation of standards for the planning. good facilities. Tourism is a service industry. The region positions itself as a specific religious tourism segment as well as a high quality eco-tourist destination. orchard produce. • Market Positioning Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt region already have unique attractiveness. running stalls. When travelling to sensitive natural areas. Circuit(s) should be developed in a way that tourists can choose the circuits they want to visit depending on the duration of their stay. These are described subsequently. Training locals and providing incentives to the local community for entrepreneurship would meet this requirement. 4. the responsibility of improving the welfare of the local people is as important as conserving the environment.2. and design of pathways. 4. layout. • A tourist destination should have attractions. This would help in attracting more tourists to Valley of FlowersHemkunt region and increasing their duration of stay. This would position itself well with an advantage in the target segment. The locals should also be provided platform for exhibition and sales of their craft produce.3 Unique Selling Proposition Tourism is about uniqueness and attractiveness of the destination. potential of developing circuits with Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt belt needs to be explored. infrastructure.2 Boost to the Economy Employment for Locals.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • Conservation of Cultural Heritage Formulation of Development Plans The local community culture should be carefully protected and showcased. accessibility. etc. This should be done keeping in mind the sensitive environment of Valley of FlowersHemkunt region and it being part of a Biosphere Reserve (NDBR) as well. from the perspective of eco-tourism. when concreting the trek path. using rounded pebbles/aggregates is one of the fundamental causes (apart from actual mix ratio followed. with the creation of brand equity for the product.Hemkunt region’s Tourism Development Valley of Flowers. • Creation of a High-quality Product Valley of Flowers. Tourism industry is highly sensitive toward quality of products being offered.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • Perspective Vision for Valley of Flowers. thus leading to quick damage to the concrete surface with regular use by the pedestrians & mules. 5-163 . quality of food.2. quality of linen/cleanliness or tourist friendly behaviour/assistance. Therefore. This perspective vision would envisage the overall developments for making Valley of Flowers.3 • • Development Strategy Tourist Facilitation in a Visitor Experience Enhancement Objective Conservation of Nature with Community-based Tourism The Eco-Tourism Development Strategy is two sided: * For example.4 Quality Experience Tourism is also about quality experience. Hence.Hemkunt region’s speciality is in its natural resources. consistency. 4. whether it is the quality of infrastructure that is durable*/safe/hygienic/well presented. etc.) which does not provide adequate binding properties. curing.Hemkunt region needs to develop a vision for its tourism development from a long-term perspective. The provision of a quality experience requires very fundamental attention right from the basics itself.Hemkunt region an ideal and sought after eco-tourist destination. a high-quality product will have to be created which is environmentally sensitive and community driven from the eco-tourism point of view. it is necessary to establish a mechanism to ensure that good quality services are offered to tourists. 4. as could be easily observed from the trek paths where such upgradation had been undertaken earlier. 1: Limits of Acceptable Change Model 1. Define and describe opportunity class 5-164 .1 are: Exhibit 4. The 9 steps to LAC process as illustrated in Exhibit 4. Identify area issues and concerns 2.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Management Options The various management options which the consultants have analysed for the ecotourism management plan of Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt are: • • • • • Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) Visitor Experience and Resource Protection (VERP) Visitor Impact Management (VIM) Management by Objectives (MBO) Benefits-Based Management (BBM) Limits of Acceptable Change Model Limits of Acceptable Change model has been adopted for analysing the various development alternatives and in the decision making process for the sustainable development of the region. To promote at the local level. education and information exchange related to local. ecosystems. Identify management actions for each alternative 8. Specify standards for resource and social indicators for each opportunity class 6. Evaluate and select a preferred alternative 9. It is also the oldest reserve in the Himalayas with a basic objective of maintenance & conservation of social. Select indicators of resource and social conditions 4. cultural. The Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve has identified the following objectives for it’s functioning: • To ensure the conservation of landscapes. and genetic variations not only in the two core areas but also in the buffer and transition zone areas. To encourage the traditional resource use systems in the buffer area.4 Objectives and Management of NDBR & VOFNP The development strategy takes into consideration the NDBR and VOFNP guidelines. 4. • • • • • 5-165 . To provide support for research. economic development which is culturally. ecological. socially. Implement actions and monitor conditions. anthropological. and ecologically sustainable. Identify alternate opportunity class allocations reflecting area issues and existing socio-economic conditions 7. the first one being Nilgiri. Sharing of knowledge generated by research through site-specific training and education. Inventory of existing resource and social conditions 5. and global issues of conservation and development. species. 12 Biosphere Reserves have been formed of which the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve is the second one in India formed in 1988. national. and religious heritage of the whole area and the respects the national/international objectives as well. which are detailed below: Principle & Objectives of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve In India. monitoring.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 3. To develop the strategies leading to improvement and management of natural resources in the buffer area. • • • • • • • For achieving the above mentioned objectives and for practising all the inherent principles of eco-tourism. Give rise to employment generation for the local employed youths. Make a positive contribution to conservation of nature. Empower local communities to manage eco-tourism and generate incentives for conservation through alternate and additional livelihood options. while maintain the privacy. Through eco-tourism activity all the infrastructures and private houses. regional. and cultural resources and stimulate private conservation efforts. Provide the visitors full information about Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve. which are not being gainfully used throughout the year. Promote local development and sharing of economic benefits in a fair manner at national. and international context.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • • Development of community spirit in the management of natural resources. Give the visitor an enjoyable and safe visitor experience through a strategic approach to visitor management consistent with protection and promotion of Reserve’s values. its significance and importance in the regional. national. natural. and local levels. can be used for this activity and in return it gives some economic benefit to the owner. Encourage community owned/based tourism in the buffer area in general and also in the core areas (in a very restricted and regulated way). It is thus by and of the people and encourages a decentralised tourism that does not require much infrastructure development. keeping alive the traditional knowledge and experience. the NDBR management has plans/taken various steps 5-166 . eco-tourism refers to ecologically sound tourism that seeks to balance the goal of biodiversity conservation with culturally sensitive. The aim of the eco-tourism activity in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve (NDBR) will therefore be to achieve the following basic objectives: • • Increase environmental awareness of hosts and visitors such that it results in a clean and green environment. Aim of Popularising Eco-tourism in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve As discussed earlier in Chapter 1. Provide management support fees to the local committees like EcoDevelopment Committee (EDC) and where these committees are yet to be formed in those villages the Mahila Mandal/Yuvak Mandal who take the responsibility of the eco-tourism in the areas. community-based tourism. which are situated nearby their village or for those areas in whose route their village falls. Providing impetus to the tourism and providing local employment. and which has also been nominated as a World Heritage Site. Development and upkeep of the trek route within the tourism zone of the park.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report and has devised & implements rules/regulations/code of conduct for visitors/do’s & don’ts for visitors. to find their dependence other than on forests and forest produce. which offers much more natural beauty and rare bio-diversity. awaiting UN recognition. but it is the Valley of Flowers that is located ahead of Ghangharia along river Pushpawati surrounded by many peaks. Medicinal herbs and rare gene pool need to be conserved. Maintenance of the park and keeping it free from any kind of polluting material. Portraying Valley of Flowers as tourism attraction magnet for the overall Nanda Devi Biosphere’ Eco-Tourism Zone. etc. Strict control on illicit removal of herbs and on poaching. • • • • Current Management of Valley of Flowers National Park The management of the Valley of Flowers National Park by the Department of Forests has been based on the following objectives and considerations: • • • • • • Keeping control on the extent and wide spread growth of the fast growing and pioneering flowering herb – the Polygonum polystachyum. 5-167 . site planning improvement of quality of visitor experience. Objectives of Valley of Flowers National Park The objectives of the Valley of Flowers National Park are: • Though there are many valley of flowers reported in the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve. To ensure that the eco-sensitivity and abundant beauty of Valley of Flower is not endangered. Infrastructure development. Address the issues of sustenance of people residing in this area. controlled access to National Parks. yet highly sensitive environment on one side and two distinct seasonal tourism attractions on the other. solid waste management.1. Waste Management. the host community. etc.An Overview Environment Management Plan (EMP) is an action plan prepared to ensure that the recommendations for enhancing positive impacts and limiting/preventing negative environmental impacts are implemented during the life cycle of a project. building and construction.1 Objectives of EMP The objectives of preparing an EMP for the Eco-Tourism Plan of Valley of Flowers. etc. environment friendly tourism in the region. Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt region presents a unique scenario with rich. This master plan was developed and is planned to be implemented in collaboration with all the stakeholders in a participatory manner. Sanitation. 5. etc.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report The habitat management works and other patrolling and related works are carried out from the funds received under management of “Parks and Sanctuaries” from the Department of Forests every year. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN This chapter discusses the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for various factors like Spatial Development. protected area management. Monitoring. as one of the most important sub-aspects of the overall environmental management in the study region. Gurdwara staff. Only about 2% of the visitors to the region are hardcore environment lovers. tourist facilitation. porters.1 Environmental Management Plan . Environment Orientation.Hemkunt region are: • To set out the mitigation measures and environmental specifications which are required to be implemented for all phases of the project in order to 5-168 . The master plan also emphasizes creation of environmental awareness among the visitors. Products and Services. and other stakeholders that support the tourism like mule operators. 5. Environment criteria is being incorporated into the master plan in terms of – land use. Energy. planning. visitor management. facility operation. Air & Noise Pollution. 5. hence there is a need for a structured and institutionalised Environment Management Plan so that the other 98% of the visitors could also be partners in the development of responsible. A sustainable eco-tourism master plan is critical to ensure overall environment improvement in the region. Water & Waste Water. delegation and training to local stakeholders Environment education/orientation to visitors Monitoring and documenting the changes. to manage environmental impacts and where possible to improve the condition of the environment • • To provide management solutions to improve the environmental status To develop the region through participatory management involving the local host community. manage and reduce the environment impacts of the development measures by providing a methodology to integrate environment management into tourism operations in a systematic manner. The steps involved in the same are: • • • • • • Conduct an Environment Status Review to identify all resource characteristics. Refer to Chapter 3 for the Environment Status Review and Environmental Impact of Tourism. 5-169 .Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report minimise the extent of environmental impacts. An environment management programme for tourism typically consists of the following action areas: • • • • • • • • Reducing waste output & managing solid waste Purchasing environment-friendly products Reducing water use and wastewater output Lowering energy consumption Lowering air and noise pollution Internal communication. EMP for Water & Waste Water. delegation and training Environment-related communication to visitors. The Environment Management Plan is structured across EMP for Spatial Development. EMP for Products and Services. EMP for Energy.1. EMP for Air & Noise Pollution. EMP for Waste Management. inputs and outputs particularly on the pollution front Establish environment objectives Implement EMS through an environment management programme Establish environment procedures performance monitoring and data collection Internal environment communication. Environment Orientation and Environment Monitoring.2 Methodology An Environment Management System (EMS) helps to evaluate. 5. This is particularly true about the project region as it is widely spread from Govind Ghat to Ghangharia and to Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt with varying conditions. make minimum inpaths (the only one being the path to Ms.2 EMP for Spatial Development Spatial Management is a critical area in ensuring sustainable environment management. no cutting of rocks for amenity development with minimal cutting may be undertaken for trek path widening. hence not to be disturbed.1 EMP for Land Management The guidelines for land management in the sub regions are: Valley of Flowers • • • Maintain Spatial Spread of Flora and Fauna Retain most of the existing paths.2.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 5. • 5-170 . The 5 sub-regions identified for specific strategies are: • • • • • Valley of Flowers Hemkunt Sahib and Ghangharia-Hemkunt Stretch Govind Ghat to Ghangharia Ghangharia Govind Ghat The Environment Management Plan for Spatial Development covers the following: • • • EMP for Land Management EMP for Built-up EMP for Construction of Roads/Parking/Trek Paths 5. topography and sensitivities. Hemkunt Belt • Highly sensitive geology. Hierarchy of environmentally sensitive and development oriented sub regions is identified and environment management measures suggested specific to each sub region with respect to spatial development. Legge’s grave site) No change in the land use pattern from the entry gate onwards. Essential tourist facilitation services to be provided enroute Hemkunt with minimal impacts on environment. Govind Ghat to Ghangharia • • • Ghangharia • • Govind Ghat • • Refer Chapters 6. etc as part of the National Park as well as Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve. A multi-disciplinary approach with input from planners. occupy and maintain. use of materials.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • Better spatial management at Hemkunt. vegetation. and are more comfortable and healthy to live and work in. The site must be compatible with the purpose of the proposed development and be suitable for building. resource depletion. construction engineers and environment specialists tried to determine the appropriateness of the sites for enroute and other base settlements development. In the Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt region.2. and which involves further impacts. this impact is significant in terms of its disturbance to topography. Minimal cutting may be undertaken for trek path widening Minimal disturbance to the agricultural land use of the settlements (avoid the agricultural land conversion for creation of any support infrastructure and minimise land conversion for ferry parking at Pulna if the road from Govind Ghat to Pulna is built) Land organisation and regulation of development for better experience to tourists No new land to brought under construction Land organisation for increase of parking and other facilities Minimal disturbance to the agricultural land use of the settlement. 5.2 EMP for Built-up Sustainable design involves buildings that need fewer natural resources and materials to build. Tourism service buildings need to be regularly repaired and refurbished due to the intensity of use. varying extreme climatic conditions and seasonality of usage.7 & 8 for details of proposals at the above regions. Site Selection Site selection is the first step in the sustainable design process. architects. ecologists. Site selection for any physical development was examined taking into consideration the following factors: • Ecological characteristics of the site 5-171 . Clusters of tourist facilities to be developed enroute Ghangharia and Hemkunt at optimum intervals subject to availability of land. which have relative availability of land/ better siting prospects with minimal environmental impacts. 5-172 . • Special Socio-Cultural Significance of the site − Is the site of cultural. the placement of the building assumes significance. energy and waste disposal? • What is the state of the environment of the site? o Waste Management status o Presence of any sensitive vegetation o Does the vegetation on the site show any signs of stress? The amenity clusters are recommended at distances.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report o Geology of the site o Rate of soil erosion and if soils are stable enough for building o How fragile and valuable is the topography o Extent of disturbance to environment o Present and planned land use. power lines. religious or archaeological significance? − Will there be social conflicts if the land is used for the proposed development? − To what extent can existing structures be preserved and enhanced by the proposed development? • Alternate Land Use − Given the ecological and cultural significance of the site. Building Placement Once the site is identified and ways to minimise environment impacts analysed. If the site is remote from existing infrastructure. what will be the impacts of extending essential infrastructure to it? − Can the proposed development be built as a self-contained unit in terms of water. should it be used for the proposed development? − Advantages and Disadvantages of the site vis a vis other alternatives − How will future land-use plans for the areas surrounding the site influence the proposed development? • Is the site near existing infrastructure such as roads. water supply and waste disposal sites? − This question is crucial to determine the multiplier impacts. changes in groundwater elevation. the opportunity of optimising the visual attributes of the scenic landscape. The most significant construction-related impacts are those related to clearing. loss of vegetative cover. Tourism Amenities Consideration is given to providing visitors. Pulna. 5. employment of local workers on the project itself. Ghangharia. foreclosure of other land uses. and interference with movements of wildlife. rather than having the site flattened and levelled.3 EMP for Construction of Roads / Parking / Trek Paths / Ropeway Direct impact of road projects results from construction. o Some pucca/permanent structures may be allowed at the Govind Ghat settlement for tourism purpose. Bhyundar. improved access to markets for local produce and products. while most of the structures proposed would be temporary structures at Hemkunt. grading or roadbed construction. Bhyundar and Pulna and would be reassembled before the next tourist season. if required even on stilts. Govind Ghat and along entire trek route. better access to health care and other social services and strengthening of local economics. soil erosion.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report o They need to be placed responding to the tourist travelling path. but still provide privacy and security. Refer Chapter 8 for details on the number. access to new employment centres. o No permanent construction shall be permitted beyond Govind Ghat till Valley of Flowers/Hemkunt Sahib (except the requirements of the village community developed on its village land).2. air pollution. Along the trek route only slope roofed temporary structures with corrugated GI sheet roof & wall – all painted in dark green would be permitted. 5-173 . o They can be placed to maximise aesthetic views. o Placing should take advantage of natural land formations. The exteriors of this stilt component shall be painted in dark green to blend with the environment. o The building might be terraced to suit natural grading patterns. This is proposed to be achieved through the establishment of view sites and visitor information centres at strategic locations along the route. modifications of natural drainage patterns. Socio-economic benefits provided by the road include all-weather reliability. maintenance and traffic use. All these structures would be disassembled at the end of tourist season and can be kept in EDC Stores at Ghangharia. location and type of these sites along the travel path within the region. The environmental impacts would also be necessary to be known apart for the requirement of diversion of Reserve Forest Land & Van Panchayat Land (created out of Reserve Forests) for setting up of ropeway system (poles. the feasibility study need to be followed with a detailed project report (DPR) that would explore the technology options. air/noise pollution near the terminal/intermediate points during operation due to use diesel generator sets and the capacity/power of ropeway drives. slope length. rescue evacuation access paths/space). wind performance. steep or unstable slopes as well as areas of high erosion potential identified along the route should be avoided in determining the final road alignment. etc. It would also include the geological feasibility. a detailed techno-economic as well as socio-environment feasibility study have been proposed before arriving at a final conclusion. as discussed in Chapter 8. as well as the location of any toll plazas. air/water/noise pollution during the construction (with relatively longer duration of construction period). Certain aspects have been suggested to be weighed by the government for the feasibility study. eco-fee counters. architecture. If found plausible in consideration of the technical expectations and the containment of the environmental impact. like impact on species of flora for which this valley is famous. 5-174 . either using helicopters or creating a parallel material ropeway for carrying construction material). which are necessary.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report The development proposals on accessibility and movement pattern broadly cover motorising the road from Govind Ghat till Pulna. access/haul roads. span distance.5 km trek portion. vertical rise and fall. availability of power/accessibility for ropeway construction & construction modes (i. subject to a detailed techno/socio-environment feasibility and improvement to trek paths throughout by possible widening and overlaying the existing path with cement concrete surface (in a similar way as already planned in PWD proposals). terminal/angle points also based on alignment.e. etc. The various issues that could arise at various stages and the mitigative measures for the same are as follows: Earthworks and Layerworks As far as possible. drainage. capacity. Installation of an aerial ropeway from Govind Ghat till Kanjila (near Ghangharia) has been considered by the NDBR as an alternative to the 12. disturbance to fauna. Such design report would be dependent on alignment. An initial examination into by Consultants showed that the project is not feasible (Refer Chapter 8 for details of same). safety measures. However. Refer Chapter 8 for details of transportation proposals. construction camps and borrow pits/quarries. It would also determine specifications for safety/rescue/emergency response mechanism. terminal/intermediate points & other related utilities. etc. site camps and worker accommodation camps. spoil sites should be identified and approved during the design phase. Spoil areas must be re-vegetated and rehabilitated.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Extensive cuts into side slopes should be avoided as far as possible since these cuts are difficult to rehabilitate naturally and can be visible from great distances. particularly within the new sections of the route. particularly within the new sections of the route. as well as access/haul roads should be designed such that surface water reaching the road from upslope areas is contained and dispersed in erosion proof channels. In determining the location of these construction camps. cognisance must be taken of sensitive and no-go areas. This must be determined during the design phase. be provided where positive drainage is required. nor should they alter the topography to the extent that they become visually intrusive. cognisance must be taken of sensitive and no-go areas. for the in-filling of existing erosion gulleys. Site Camps The final design of the road must include the appropriate siting of all construction camps (i. and allowed to discharge slowly and naturally. In determining the appropriate location of these spoil areas. and where the presence of the new road will increase natural (existing) flows by more than 10%.e. Spoil Areas Where possible. however. Drainage under/across the Road 5-175 . Spoil areas should not negatively affect surface drainage. or in the rehabilitation of borrow pit sites. Spoil from cut areas should be used in the construction of the road (where appropriate). Drainage from the Road Surface Effective storm water control measures are required in the design of the road and should be installed and maintained along the road route throughout the life cycle of the project in order to minimise potential impacts on hydrological systems. Storm water flow detention should. The proposed road. where required). It is proposed that all the site camps will be to temporary construction only without much clearing of land. The effect of the road may include the catchment area of any cutting or embankment as well as additional catchment areas intercepted by the road. Safety Features Trek path design and road design (if built till Pulna) should include safety features such as fencing of the road reserve. In areas where the road intersects ridges or spurs. All new cut and fill forms should be rounded on the edges to allow them to blend with the surrounding landforms. Access across the Road Though not much chances of provision in the route. it must be ensured that drainage systems are kept as natural as possible. and no erosion should occur at the storm water inlet point of rivers/streams. as indicated by a full slope stability analysis.00 pm on other stretches (while returning to Ghangharia). In addition. Cut and fill slopes will be minimised. Cut slopes must be self-sustaining. and should. Erosion Control Measures The road design should include appropriate erosion control measures in order to reduce flow velocities to prevent the loss of topsoil. No tourist traffic movement will be permitted beyond 8 pm in PulnaGovind Ghat stretch and beyond 7. drainage systems should be kept as natural as possible. Natural drainage should be retained. landowners and/or livestock. etc. and normal flow ensured at all times. reflect the natural form of the landscape to reduce visual intrusiveness. it should be done without excessively hindering the current movement patterns. Dust Control Management Measures 5-176 . if at all access across the road is required to be provided for communities. the exposed rock face and soil must be stepped back in a manner that mimics natural rock faces as far as possible. appropriate signage. In addition.traffic signages/amber lights or stop streets) should be provided. Areas in which such an analysis will be required must be defined and specified in the detailed design stage.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report In designing culverts along the proposed route. Cut and Fill Slopes Slopes should be cut to gradients that will ensure stability. The terminal stations. Where it is necessary to use retaining structures or gabions they must be designed to minimise visual intrusiveness. lighting and traffic calming measures (such as solar powered/electric . angle points/towers should have proper foundations and properly embanked in case of ropeway installation if the project takes off at a future date. as far as possible. along the entire length of the route. Slopes with a constant gradient from top to bottom and across the face must avoid the so-called butter-knife cut. guardrails/stone masonry barriers/ CC Pillar barriers. Visual Quality Site-specific management measures may disturb areas or natural features in the immediate vicinity that might have a high or unique visual quality. Using environmentally preferable products demonstrates the region’s commitment to environment. Post-construction additional plantation activities (of the local species) should be taken along the path/hill slopes for improving the stability of slopes. purchasing is an easy and visible area to start environment action. Along with waste management. Dust control measures should also be adopted when constructing the ropeway terminal and angle points / towers (if the project takes off at a future date). The road shoulder on both sides should be made pucca (CC or rough tarred sub base) to avoid damage to the road edges and as well as any opportunity for open ground shoulder to generate dust. 5. longer-lasting products Invite suppliers to suggest environment-preferable alternatives Make efforts to reduce paper and other office materials In the Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt region the following management action points are proposed: • Ban on sale of raincoats made of cheap plastics Presently the raincoats being sold are made of cheap plastics (Rs. Instead. 250/. tourists. it is proposed that rain coats of good quality be made available on rent (with security deposit of Rs.3 EMP for Products and Services Environment management programme is proposed for purchasing environmentally preferable products and services as well.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Appropriate dust control management practices and procedures must be defined during the design phase to ensure the effective suppression of dust during all future activities.which would be 5-177 .10-20 per piece) and are a major contributing factor to the non bio-degradable waste spread throughout the region. The objectives are: • • • • • Implement environmental purchasing policies Give preference to environmentally certified products and those with ecofriendly packaging Give preference to stronger. and it helps avoid and reduce waste. increasing the green cover as well which acts as a noise/pollution absorbent. Noise Impact Management Measures Road/Parking/Trek Path widening/Ropeway construction (if found feasible) with any blasting activity and use of heavy machinery creating noise should only be taken up in the ‘tourism off-season’ periods. 6 bottles of mineral water 5-178 .can be deducted as service charges to clean for reuse). 5. at the time of implementation of the above proposals. the raincoats could be specially procured with the “Valley of Flowers” and “Sri Hemkunt Sahib” logos embossed on the front and message of “Keep Valley of Flowers – Hemkunt Region Clean” printed at the back. Reuse 4. Waste management follows the following hierarchy: 1. service charges. The waste generated in the region is dealt with in the environment status review. and any penalty charges in built for loss/damage.4 EMP for Waste Management Waste Management is one of the most critical areas in the total Environmental Management Plan.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report refunded on returning the rain coat and showing the receipt. • Ban on use of Cheap Plastic Bags Eco-labels are of particular interest given the nature of tourism and the region. Recycle The recommendations are: • On an average a trekker consumes about 2 litres of water a day. and Rs. Avoid 2. and if this is packaged mineral water then it means 2 bottles of plastic waste generated every day and if he/she stays 3 days in this region it means 6 plastic bottles discarded. It is advised that local trade community/ EDCs/ local management may work out the actual amount of security deposits based on the procurement costs. To discourage any idea of not returning the raincoats. which avoid waste or generate less waste Reused for the same or another purpose Sorted and collected for recycling under waste recycling schemes / incineration Used for longer periods. Reduce 3. 10/. These could be on sale also for those interested in buying them. In addition there is the question of cost. Visitors can deposit any cheap plastic/polythene carry bags and can avail the facility of Carry Bags/Hand Bags woven out of Ringal grass/Jute bags (jute may be procured from outside but bags shall be crafted by the local community) to carry lighter belongings/food items. This can now be used to identify products that can be: • • • • Replaced with alternatives. steps/earth or stone filled ramp can be created. Pulna and Hemkunt site. Once sack can contain about 70-80 compressed . The size of the cage pit will be 4 m long x 1m wide x 1 m high. While boiled and filtered water may cost a fraction of this and iodine may cost about Rs. The MS iron cage pit will be made of mesh with 2” x 2” holes with MS angles on the corners/sides to provide support. & 8. the money saved by an individual/ family/ group could instead be spent on souvenirs/ handicrafts/ local produce made/grown by the local host community. electricity is available the local establishments may also install water-purifying arrangements like Aquaguard. Plastic mesh cages are susceptible to get damaged as they would get brittle in open over time and may also get burnt in accidental fires. 7. Refer details of locations of such waste collection cages in Chapter 6. The cage will be kept on a 1 m high platform of masonry in such a way that on one side the bottom of the cage is at level with ground so that the person can walk to the level of the cage and lower the bags into the container. and for which these local establishments/stalls should be encouraged to make such an arrangement of providing potable water. which is enough to purify 50 litres of water. if centrally treated water supply is not available. x 2 ft. • The solid waste compression equipment units are placed at several points in Govind Ghat. and contain some 50 sacks or more. the cage will have a window of the size of 3 ft. facilitate easy removal. It is proposed to provide 1 waste compression equipment unit each at Govind Ghat.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report at an average cost of Rs. while on the other side. Wherever. tourists should be encouraged to use more environmentally sound methods of treating eater such as iodine for carrying potable water or use boiled and filtered water from local establishments/stalls. Hence.plastic bottles/other wastes weighing about 3 . at the bottom of the cage and at 1 m above the ground level so that the sacks/bags can be easily taken out and put on the kandis/any other holding arrangement tied to mules.4 kg. So. 15-20 per bottle in this Govind Ghat to Hemkunt trek region would cost 100 rupees. Ghangharia. The waste may also be sorted at these locations as required for plastic waste disposal or organic waste composting. 15-20. thus contributing to their economy. Iron cages were preferred from the plastic cages from the perspective overall durability. Hemkunt and at other village sites such as Pulna as well. and so money goes out of the region to further down to plains. 5-179 • • . Waste collection area is managed more scientifically with arrangements for stacking the compressed bags in Iron Cage pits that can be easily assembled.. if somebody throws a lighted match stick or cigarette/beedi. maintained. The gradient of the land has to be such that on one side it is nearly 1 m high as compared to the lower side or else to facilitate loading on higher side. etc. Ghangharia. an incinerator here may result in stagnation of some gaseous pollutants in the air and the issues of handling residues so close. o No suitable land is available due to the land belonging to Reserve Forests/Van Panchayat land (created from Reserve Forests) till Ghangharia. this was rejected due to the following reasons: o Ghangharia / Bhyundar being located/surrounded in a valley itself. at the end of tourist season. Also. at an average of 1-2 plastic bottles/other plastic waste expected per day. incineration with the aim of energy recovery may be preferred as plastics waste has calorific value higher than that of coal. which may affect the quality of environment at Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt Sahib destinations which are near Ghangharia and at higher altitudes in rather narrow valleys. and are ubiquitous in the environment. It is also presumed that since most of the waste collected enroute is expected to be plastic waste. However. such compressed waste load on an average per day would be about 70 – 80 sacks or over 280 kg at Govind Ghat. and any possibility of land away from Ghangharia is only near Bhyundar. dioxin are particularly worrisome pollutants because they can cause or aggravate a wide variety of extremely serious health effects. are toxic at very low levels of exposure. • • Waste that should and should not be incinerated in the Govind Ghat incinerator is to be segregated at the time of collection of waste from the trek path/waste bins itself along the route or those of the establishments/stall enroute. Some of the gaseous pollutants like. under high temperature and the appropriate abatement techniques for flue gases have been thought off. The consultants presume that the issue of likely impact of gaseous emissions and handling residue released is already studied by the agencies/authorities. the incinerator will have sufficient waste load per day for a minimum eight-hour operation. any excess load can be auctioned for recycling to clear any accumulation of waste at Govind Ghat. While. With nearly four lakh tourists already visiting this region.1 for the indicative details of types of plastic waste and 5-180 . With the expected incineration capacity of 25 kg/hr. as compared to landfilling or incineration without energy recovery. Feasibility of an incinerator at Ghangharia / Bhyundar was checked as that would ease out the trouble of carrying all waste down. but it was observed that most of the vacant flat land near Bhyundar village falls in snow avalanche prone zones.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • An Incinerator is already planned to treat the waste at Govind Ghat (in no case the location of the incinerator be shifted up in the valley towards Ghangharia) and the same has been sanctioned for a project cost of Rs 25 lakhs. environmentally sound conditions would be ensured for the incineration of plastics. at the time of proposing the requirement of the incinerator at Govind Ghat. Refer Table 5. New Zealand (Plastics New Zealand since early 1990s). metal. have to be separated and their bags should be marked for recycling before transporting down. While.CPIA). etc. any minor food waste collected from the trek path/waste bins should be separately collected and marked & contributed for vermi-composting to produce manure near village sites/agricultural lands. like by The Society of Plastics Industry (SPI). should also be separately sorted. This plastic coding system is a voluntary coding system accepted internationally. Toxic items like. batteries”. Cleaning Staff/Incinerator Staff/EDC Members. Metal containers or glass items also should not be meant for incineration but for recycling. Europe also follows similar coding systems for plastics but not identical.foam items and plastic items that handle food) for incineration that burns the impurities at high temperatures. etc. While. should be trained to understand these notations and to identify those which do not have these notations through literature available. the empty notation with only the triangle indicates that the product is made of recycled waste. unless claimed. For segregation. However. and “yellow colour mark may mean sack for toxic waste disposal like. etc. accumulated and disposed at the retail battery centres. sacks with separate colour marks can be distributed to the EDC staff like. “green colour mark may mean waste for recycling”. Hong Kong (Environmental Protection Department since late 1990s). Australia (Plastics and Chemical Industries Association – PACIA since 1990). Due to most of the plastic waste being a good fuel and has non toxic outputs (except PVC and polystyrene . Japan. “red colour mark may mean waste for incineration”. glass. “brown colour mark may mean waste for vermi-composting. and segregation at source/ collection will help in this. to help them facilitate segregation of plastic waste by type from trek path/waste bins along trek path & those with local establishments/stalls enroute (in our case which is collected at source itself and can be sorted/segregated too either enroute or at waste compression location). This notation does not necessarily indicate that the product can be recycled.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report recommendations for disposal. The whole waste management will function on the principal that ‘handle waste only once’. Codes to identify plastic types (polymer/resin content) are generally moulded into plastic product and are often found on the bottom of the plastic product/container within the “chasing arrows” triangle. 5-181 . which leads not only to the increased efficiency of the incineration as well as leads to hardly a 10% of ash residue with low harmfulness that can be easily landfilled for final disposal. USA which introduced its coding system in 1988 and which is adopted by Canada (Canadian Plastics Industry Association . batteries etc. . though the British Plastics Federation (BPF) and the Association of Plastics Manufacturers in Europe (APME) recommend the use of SPI coding system since mid 1990s. The non-combustible plastics items. and tenders may be called for the same. It is proposed any recycling from the plastic wastes shall be strictly undertaken as per the specifications of the Bureau of Indian Standards provided in IS 14534: 1998 – Guidelines for Recycling of Plastics. Govind Ghat without any segregation. 5-182 .Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Major plastic types with their “chasing arrows” type voluntary notations accepted in many countries are illustrated below to help EDC staff when trained to identify those plastics that can be incinerated: The huge amount of waste (more than 4000 sacks) that is already transported down and accumulated at FRH Complex. may be auctioned for recycling to clear the site. salad dressing containers. softens at 750C Low cost plastic Density = 0. Any excess waste beyond the capacity of incineration at Govind Ghat should be auctioned for recycling. No. Any excess waste beyond the capacity of incineration at Govind Ghat should be auctioned for recycling. clothing (geotextiles/ polyester). leaving trace levels of ash with low harmfulness. mouldings On incineration only water and carbon dioxide are produced.97 g/ml Recycling through remelting. Recommendations Recommended for incineration at Govind Ghat. furniture.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Table 5. End-use if Recycled Fibre for carpet/ pillow/ sleeping bag filling. buckets. traffic cones 5-183 . soft drink/ Stiff/Tough to semi-flexible. The amount of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) generated by its combustion is not significantly different from that formed during combustion of any other fossil fuel. though good for recycling. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Containers for milk / juice/ water/ ice cream/ liquid detergent & fabric softener & chemicals/ shampoo/ laundry soap/ motor oil. floor tiles. drainage pipe. tough.39 g/ml Suitable fuel for incineration plants and increases the efficiency of waste incineration 2.95 to 0. opaque butt easily coloured. Liquid laundry detergent containers. oil bottles. crinkly shopping/ retail bags (stiff type that crackles. tote bags. Ovenable foils or film/ preprepared food trays. trash/ freezer bags. 1. solvent resistant softens at 800C Clean & recycled PET flakes/pellets are in great demand High cost plastic Density = 1. benches. leaving trace levels of ash which can be safely be disposed off in a landfill Recommended for incineration at Govind Ghat. butter. audio & video tapes Properties/ Features Clear. soft drink bottles. though ideal for recycling/reproces sing to recover costly PET resin. which can be safely be disposed off in a landfill. recycling/ compost bins. Plastic Type Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE or PET) Products/ Applications Beverage/food containers: Plastic soft drink/ sports drink/ mineral water bottles. barrier to gas & moisture. resistance to chemical & moisture. buckets.1: An indicative list of Plastic Waste that can be incinerated at Govind Ghat / to be Recycled S. biscuit trays. waxy surface. permeability to gas. outdoor plastic tables/lumber. vitamin bottles. mouth wash bottles. although there is a quality loss Can be incinerated with heating value equivalent to ¾ kg of Means of Disposal Recycling Can be incinerated with heating value equivalent to ½ kg of oil Environmental Impacts On incineration mainly water and carbon dioxide are produced. No. film & sheet. wall cladding. wrapping foil for packaging.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report S. frozen food bags. easy to seal. flooring. surgical spirit. resistance to grease/ oil/ chemicals. mud flaps 4. though it can be recycled. Packaging. flexible. plumbing pipe & fittings. Carrier bags/ trash can liners. softens at 800C Low cost plastic Density = varies Not a suitable fuel for incineration plants Means of Disposal oil Environmental Impacts Recommendations End-use if Recycled 3. can be clear. panelling. plastic bag (soft type that does not crackle). binders. electrical conduit. Plastic Type Products/ Applications milk crates. wrapping film Carry-out sacks. garden furniture 5-184 . solvent welded. and leachable salts in. watch straps. blood bags & tubing. although there is a quality loss Can be incinerated On incineration only water and carbon dioxide are produced. Any excess waste beyond the capacity of Compost bins. pallet sheets. trash cans. cosmetic containers. barrier to moisture/ most organic solvents & chemicals (except ones with aromatic or chlorine content). PVC wastes have only to be sent/auctioned for recycling and is not at all recommended for incineration at Govind Ghat. Also it significantly increases the amount of leachate from. floor mats. the resulting residues to be landfilled. dry Recycling Incineratio n is the worst option with heating value equivalent to ¼ kg of oil When PVC is incinerated strong hydrochloric acid emanates. hoses. garden hose. outdoor plastic lumber. lids for food containers. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC or V) Vegetable oil bottles with handles. shoe soles. flooring. transparent containers for nonfizzy drinks (squashes). panelling. blister packs. cable sheathing. and an incomplete combustion can develop poisonous dioxin. bread bags. cables. waxy Recycling through remelting. children’s toys Properties/ Features Suitable fuel for incineration plants and increases the efficiency of waste incineration Versatile. Diverting PVC from incineration always leads to environmental improvements. medical transparent tube. Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Tough. tough to flexible. rigid agricultural pipes. leaving trace levels of ash which can be safely be disposed off in a landfill Recommended for incineration at Govind Ghat. roof sheeting. Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report S. Recycling On incineration mainly Recommended for CD case. straws. though it can be recycled. resistance to chemicals/ grease/ oil. trays. brushes. garbage bin. Any excess waste beyond the capacity of incineration at Govind Ghat should be auctioned for recycling. clear. softens at 700C Low cost plastic Density = 0. at Ghat be for End-use if Recycled 5. blue packing tape. Polypropylen e (PP) Curd/ margarine/ spread/ ice cream containers or tubs. No. Bins. hand cream dispensers. translucent. black irrigation tube. ice scrapers. suit cases kettles. barrier to moisture. leaving trace levels of ash which can be safely be disposed off in a landfill Recommended for incineration at Govind Ghat. food Versatile. garbage bags/ bins. Polystyrene CD cases. pallets. pipes. automotive battery case 6. plastic wheels. medicine bottles. lunch boxes. video cassettes. potato chip bags. rope. ice cube plastic bag Properties/ Features surface. coat 5-185 .90 to 0. flower pots. oil funnels. Versatile.92 to 0.94 g/ml Suitable fuel for incineration plants and increases the efficiency of waste incineration Means of Disposal with heating value equivalent to ¾ kg of oil Environmental Impacts Recommendations incineration Govind should auctioned recycling. softens at 1400C Low cost plastic Density = 0. children’s toy bins Tough but still flexible. squeeze bottles. scratches easily.91 g/ml (lowest in density amongst other plastics) Suitable fuel for incineration plants and increases the efficiency of waste incineration Recycling Can be incinerated with heating value equivalent to ¾ kg of oil On incineration only water and carbon dioxide are produced. waxy surface. Plastic Type Products/ Applications cleaning bags. imitation “crystal glassware”. rubbish cans. coasters. horticulture trays and plastic office accessories. affected by fats & solvents. cassette & video cases Properties/ Features hard. light weight. and chlorophenols. However. traffic signs. End-use if Recycled hangers.05 to 1. energy absorbing. be disposed off in a landfill. Also.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report S. with the addition of chlorine donors as simple as table salt as part of that plastic product which handles food. OTHER (often mixture a of Citrus juice / ketchup/ water cooler bottles. brittle. it is inevitable that combustion of polystyrene in municipal solid waste incinerators will contribute to the formation of highly chlorinated polycyclic compounds like dioxins. rain Includes all other resins and multimaterials (e. and plastic items that handle food) at Govind Ghat. Recommendations incineration (excluding foam items. low cost brittle toys. scrapers. playground equipment. plastic lumber. hexachlorobenzene. foam based protective or cushion packaging for fragile items. insulation. light switch plates. park benches 7. and some types of ink release the heavy metals cadmium and lead. brushes. foamed polystyrene hot drink cups. much of the foam will have been tinted.g. 5-186 . leaving trace levels of ash. both of which are toxic. Recommended for incineration at Govind Ghat. insulated. furans. which can be safely. softens at 950C Low cost plastic Density = 1. Any excess waste beyond the capacity of incineration at Govind Ghat should be auctioned for recycling. easily foamed. white ware components. Recycling Can be On incineration mainly water and carbon dioxide are produced. Plastic Type (PS) Products/ Applications service applications & plastic cutlery – foam egg cartons/ cups/ glasses/ plates.07 g/ml Suitable fuel for incineration plants and increases the efficiency of waste incineration Means of Disposal Can be incinerated with heating value equivalent to 1 kg of oil Environmental Impacts water and carbon dioxide are produced. spoons/ trays. Custom products. No. Canada. www.) Products/ Applications proof cover.dk.ejnet.org 5-187 . Plastics New Zealand. End-use if Recycled automotive parts Source: SPI Plastic Container Coding System.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report S. etc. may include PolyamidePA/Nylon.designinsite. waste pipes.services. CPIA. automotive parts Properties/ Features laminates) Properties dependent on plastic resin or combination of plastic resins High cost plastic Density = varies Suitable fuel for incineration plants and increases the efficiency of waste incineration Means of Disposal incinerated with heating value equivalent to ½ kg of oil Environmental Impacts leaving trace levels of ash which can be safely be disposed off in a landfill Recommendations though it can be recycled. appliance parts. No. www. electronics & computer cases. Recommended by British Plastics Federation (BPF) and the Association of Plastics Manufacturers in Europe (APME). packaging. Any excess waste beyond the capacity of incineration at Govind Ghat should be auctioned for recycling. The Plastic Identification Code. The Environment and Plastics Industry Council (EPIC).edu. acrylic.juniata. www. Economic Evaluation of PVC Waste Management and The Influence of PVC on the Quantity and Hazardousness of Flue Gas Residues from Incineration – A Greenpeace Brief on the Report. Plastics: Recycling and Marking Codes. Plastic Type layers. kitchen gadgets. Published by the European Commission. Separate coloured bags to be provided to the collectors. Vermi-composting be practised at collection sites so that the excreta can be converted into manure. 2 persons at Hemkunt. Even if a remuneration of Rs 10 per bag is offered.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • The plastic waste should be compressed and transported down for utilisation in recycling/reprocessing programs run by various companies and that provide an opportunity for poor/informal sector employment. Govind Ghat later). 4 persons at Ghangharia.g. Mule excreta should also be collected at several sites. Vermi-composting in colder climates may be a problem. Also try increasing the number of persons of cleaning staff per km range. Education be provided to locals. Appropriate worms and technology may have to be adapted. They can collect mule waste and can carry the same on their mules. the future strength of cleaning staff could be 40 persons instead of the current deployment of 20 persons (this includes the provision of cleaning staff as part of EDC. Mule owners be educated about collection of excreta and its conversion. and 1 person for operating the Incinerator (existing proposal) at Govind Ghat. each collector may be given less than 1 km (may be 0. at least 1 person each where waste compression equipment unit will be installed at above sites. Thus. mule owners about conversion of this waste to fertilisers. particularly near villages. Also. and can deposit if educated. it would be economical as the waste can be decomposed in planned way and the produce • • • • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-188 . It should be two person for every quarter of km in the sensitive and busy areas preferably (e. and use of fertilisers for agriculture.750 km each person) stretch for waste collection while keeping the same wages as given for 1 km stretch. and 4 persons at Govind Ghat). 2 persons at Pulna. Contracts for purchase of this waste can reduce government cost of collection and transportation. The recycling unit should not be at the eco-tourism sites discussed above. collectors. A demonstration by officials may be planned at Ghangharia for this purpose. Remuneration will be an incentive. The commission per bag may be increased substantially to say Rs 15 per bag for non-biodegradable waste & compressed waste and little higher for mule excreta waste (to be decided by EDC and local management under the advice of DoF). Separate toilets for males and females be arranged. in bags by the sweepers as mule organic matter. Remuneration to mule owners for collecting and supplying at collection centres may be offered. Better incentives may be offered to the waste collectors/cleaning staff. Institutional arrangements may have to be made to achieve this. If this waste is in small quantities. Usually the bin should be of the size that never spills. Commercial compost activators can also be used. Request guests to sort out waste such as batteries for separate collection and disposal. and is airy too. • • Waste Sorting It is proposed that waste be sorted at source itself. backyard heaps need to be layered with dry bulking materials such as wood. Place separate waste containers in rooms and request guests to use the containers as labelled. skins. etc) into inorganic form.3 km intervals along the path till Ghangharia and 1.5 km intervals along the path to Hemkunt/may also use the stone masonry pits already constructed by the Forests department enroute. • • Special arrangements may be made at Hemkunt site to collect the kitchen (Langar) waste and decomposed in a biogas plant. It should have the capacity to accommodate more than 50 bags of litter. A small amount of nitrogen fertiliser can be CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-189 . • • Composting Composting is the use of micro-organisms to break down organic waste (vegetable clippings. Trash collection bins should be large and of good quality that do not weather out in a season. shells. The numbers in the peak region is 5400 (June 2003).Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report can be sold as fertilisers to the nearby farmers. restaurants. or utilised by the Forests department in its activities. leaves. Waste sorting is proposed in the shops as well as the rooms. leaves or shredded paper. Composting techniques range from simple backyard heaps to in-vessel systems. This will provide sufficient raw material (waste food) for a biogas plant at Hemkunt. The measures proposed for the same are: • • Place separate waste containers in hotel kitchens. Currently most of this waste is left to rot or pushed down the valley letting it mix with water stream at Hemkunt as well as at Govind Ghat. hay. it could be converted into manure by Vermi-composting. Place bulk containers for separate waste disposal at Cluster A locations . Even in the leanest season (September 2003) about 62000 pilgrims have visited Hemkunt at an average of 2100 per day eating one meal at Hemkunt. which can then be used to improve the nutrient and water retention capacity of soil. shops etc. rinds. As composting waste is wet. sawdust. garden waste. seeds. and mixers to turn the piles. The common compostable materials are paper. they can be installed indoors (in kitchens and corridors. Food Waste The methodology to utilise waste food is similar to biogas plants. The key issue will be how much of this compostable organic material is currently sent for disposal in the existing landfills.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report added to increase energy content and speed up decomposition. computerised or mechanical aeration systems. transfer of waste is partially to take place between smaller collection units to bigger units. In-vessel systems allow waste to be composted in enclosed vessels. waste storage depot in the form of collection pits (presently few are constructed by Forests department). Local MNES contacts of Uttaranchal state (UREDA) should be contacted to provide details. Waste Storage Depot As the incinerator is proposed to be located in Govind Ghat and as the distance to transport is large. one has to add farmyard manure. food wastes/kitchen & utensil wash waste. A composite system where energy from this system can be utilised to heat up the system to the required temperature is required. but maintain the facilities. An unturned pile will become anaerobic (lack oxygen) and would smell. and mule excreta. and in-vessel systems have partly overcome this disadvantage. for example) or outside without the problems of smell. The department also has provisions to put up demonstration units as well as provide addresses of the parties who will not only install. These systems have loading and screening devices. Most composting systems recommend that only 15% of the waste heap consist of meat. Quantities in the range of 40% to 45% have been quoted. vegetation (including flowers and plant trimmings). Ministry of Non Conventional Energy Sources (MNES) provide instructions based on the quantum of waste. As the composting takes place in enclosed vessels. mule excreta and bacterial cultures to have enough inoculum to decompose the waste. since in this case majority of waste is food. An attempt should be made to identify the compostable materials existing in the solid wastes of the base settlements and quantify them. reducing composting time to less than 30 days. Compost heaps need to be kept moist and thoroughly mixed to ensure waste breaks down rapidly. wood. There may be a problem of temperature since the place is cold and water has to be heated. However. The collected waste is transferred from source to place of compression equipment unit (for non- CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-190 . Compostable Materials It is understood that the quantities of organics existing in the waste streams in India is higher compared to some of the developed countries. space or leakage. Hemkunt Sahib. the hospitality industry has a key role to play in increasing recycling volumes and the market for recyclable products. Transportation of Solid Waste After effective and efficient collection of various segregated wastes. etc. This lowers the space required to collect and store waste and increases its value as a recyclable material. which has significant environment impacts in terms of inability of non-biodegradable waste to decompose over short-time and also food waste attracts the wildlife. Compactors/compression equipment units are proposed to be used to reduce waste volume at Ghangharia. metal. Pulna. In an effort to reduce landfill waste volumes. Thin/cheap plastic (if not incinerated) and paper waste usually needs to be baled and compacted before collection for recycling. recycling is expected to gain new ground in the future. landfill levies and taxes have risen significantly over recent years and legislation aimed at restricting the building of new landfill sites is being enforced in many countries. Preparation of Waste for Recycling If waste is to be successfully prepared and used for recycling. Advice needs to be obtained from nearest local municipal bodies/other well established EDCs/ZP for waste collection and recycling schemes. In the light of these trends. Subsequently. 5. plastic. and the market price for recyclables. The other waste disposal option is landfill. baling specifications. use of compactors. As large generators of post-consumer waste. and Govind Ghat. and free from unwanted material like bottle-caps. it must be uniformly sorted and cleaned. the same can be transferred to the location of final disposal / treatment. on the preparation of waste. transportation assumes an important role in waste management.5 • • • • • • EMP for Water & Waste Water Maintaining water source Managing water storage and distribution works Reducing water use Reducing wastewater output Purifying water Monitoring water consumption Water management in tourism facilities includes: CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-191 . The wellpacked waste from the waste storage depot/ collection points would be brought down till Pulna on mules from where public service van would carry the same to the incinerator at Govind Ghat (only if the Govind Ghat .Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report biodegradable waste) and/or to waste storage cage/depot.Pulna road is developed). 5 km long GI pipeline laid via Pulna and later along the trek path. Uttaranchal Jal Sansathan. This calls for two activities: one to improve the water supply system in terms of quantity and safe supply. Some of the guidelines to be followed in general while water supply systems are: CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-192 . and human pollution into water. awareness creation among users on respecting the water sources and ensuring that the water is purified at individual establishments/stalls that offer tourist services. and second. This scheme will contain one French Well type intake in Bhyundar Ganga river about 300 m above Pulna and then a 1-1/2” diameter x 5. and ensuring compliance with them is important. the water tests conducted in the region show that water is within potable quality standards. which were observed during the study. Most countries have water quality standards. which normally is a good part of the waste collected from these locations and trek path. However. Also. drainage and water supply mixing. Water Supply System An expansion is already proposed to the existing ‘make-shift’ arrangement of water supply in the region. Ghangharia: At Ghangharia. This scheme is targeted for completion by next season in 2004. Pulna-Govind Ghat: Uttaranchal Jal Nigam is preparing a scheme for providing piped water supply via Pulna to Govind Ghat.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • • Reusing treated wastewater Maintaining water supply quality. which will flow down the water through gravity to a 30KL capacity cylindrical Clear Water Reservoir (CWR). This arrangement will meet the requirements of about 5000 persons per day for a horizon period of next 15 years. A part of this new arrangement has already been laid earlier by Jal Nigam and handed over to Jal Sansthan. As discussed in the Environment Status Review in Chapter 3. there is a need to ensure better water quality and quantity in view of the waste mixing. This facility currently has a stone masonry water tank about 300m up from Ghangharia on Hemkunt route and 2 x 2” & 1 x 1 “ GI pipeline is already laid from this tank till the first embankment of broken bridge on Lakshman Ganga near Ghangharia. Chamoli district has proposed a Repair/Upgradation of Water Supply Scheme under the Development Area of Joshimath region sanctioned under Border Area Development Programme-BADP to be completed in 2004. The availability of potable water at these establishments/stall at regular intervals will facilitate avoiding the need to carry/disposal of mineral water bottles waste. water supply system (intake water source and distribution) for supply to Bhyundar and Pulna villages needs to be upgraded for which Jal Sansthan should prepare schemes in addition to above scheme at Ghangharia. Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • • • • • • • Storage tank openings. There should be proper slopes for draining the wastewater so that it does not accumulate at disposal points. There should be periodic testing of drinking water provided through pipes at all places including the Gurdwaras. and exterior and interior scale build-up removed Tanks should be regularly checked for leaks and accumulation of stones/grit. Aquaguard systems) and have separate. Funds for such recurring annual maintenance should be budgeted in the Jal Sansthan’s annual budgets. and other sources of contamination Inlet and outlet valves should be placed to avoid the build-up of stagnant water Tanks should be cleaned before the beginning of every season. Ensuring that distribution pipelines are laid away from drains/waste pipes. Natural sources of drinking water should be provided with a tap with proper labels. spills and back siphonage between drinking and non-drinking supplies. As mentioned earlier it should be ensured that all establishments that offer tourist services have arrangements to purify water (like. clean/hygienic & covered storage for potable water. pests. and this should be regularly tested by Jal Sansathan / Department of Health officials every tourist season. Hemkunt Sarovar water should not be polluted at any cost. if any should be covered and protected from stones/dust. The following provisions should be made: • • • • • Cleaning feet and body before taking a dip Not to wash linen in the Sarovar water or use soap/detergent for bathing/washing linen Not to urinate in the Sarovar water Not to drain the food waste and other waste in the rivers Not to allow mule urine to drain off unmanaged (manage the mule urine in the same way human urine is managed) CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-193 . Ensure regular maintenance of distribution pipelines to avoid leaks. Management of Drinking Water The pipes carrying drinking water should in no case be in contact with toilets and urinals or pipes carrying that waste from one place to another. and other micro-organisms. Ionisation reduces chlorine use by almost 80%. it is best to monitor and benchmark water use on the basis of guest nights or visitor numbers. They kill algae. and eliminates eye-sting and bleaching effects. Meter is suggested to be established at the Gurdwara. which are not affected by ions. Reducing Water Use Good Housekeeping and Maintenance Options for Reducing Water Use • • • • Repair leaks and dripping pipes Place plastic containers filled with water in toilet cisterns to reduce flush water volume Collect/Harvest rainwater for some non-drinking uses Place tent cards in bathrooms inviting guests to save water. which has been used for many years in industrial water purification and wastewater treatment plants throughout the world. which can destroy a variety of CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-194 . This can reduce flush water by 30%-50% Install chemically purified urinals that do not use water especially enroute the trek. Another technique involves ozone. Different business establishments could be metered for the collection of more specific data. Place volume reducers in toilet cisterns for half and full flushing needs/use water saving cisterns that have separate knobs/mechanisms inbuilt for half or full flush requirements Install pressure flush valves on toilets and urinals.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • Not to let mule excreta drop near the vicinity of rivers while sweeping from the trek path (it has to be collected. Water meters are essential for the monitoring of water use. Ozone is a very reactive form of oxygen. lowvoltage electricity is passed through electrodes to generate positive and negative ions. Purification of Water at Community Storage level There are several environment-preferable techniques used for purification of water. Repair and Retrofit Options for Reducing Water Use • • • Monitoring Water Consumption Since water is directly linked to the level of occupancy/activity. Before release. Use of chlorine or other chemicals is the easiest one. Another technique is ionisation. carried and decomposed to make manure). and all the lodges at Ghangharia including GMVN TRH and FRH. A small amount of chlorine (or other oxidiser such as bromine) is however needed to eliminate water-clouding elements such as suntan oil and dust. the release of metallic ions (usually copper and silver) into the water. bacteria. • • • • Technology to convert waste to manure using vermi-composting is well known. should be made of material like China that can be cleaned efficiently. This fertiliser can be utilised in the proposed gardens or agriculture fields.6 • EMP for Sanitation Urine from urinals may not be allowed to drain into rivers or natural ecosystem of the protected area but a system of its purification should be an in-built option. spores. Reuse of Treated Wastewater Treating wastewater and reusing it is not a viable proposition in the Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt study area due to spread point inputs of wastewater and the usability of the same. The toilet waste must go deep into pits where it can decompose rather than leave near the surface where it may join the water pipes that are quite frequent and run on the surface very close to the existing toilets. soil and gravel mixed proportionately before the urine is drained out. Caution has to be exercised to keep water pipes and waste pipes separate. The waste is converted to good manure. It can be utilised as manure in the nearby agriculture fields if collected and processed. Earthworms are used for conversion of waste to manure. micro-organisms such as viruses.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report liquid waste materials. Every season. there will be a snap check conducted at the hotels and restaurant for checking quality of water. and some chemical impurities. license to operate be cancelled. bacteria. It is proposed that fine be imposed at those not complying standards and on second reporting. It is an expensive suggestion to collect all the mule excreta yet it is a resource that is rich in organic matter. Chemical toilets/Dry toilets are available in international markets. These sites should have arrangement for vermi-composting or manuring as discussed in the previous section. Similarly toilets should be properly managed. 5. cleaned frequently. A scheme of incentives may have to be introduced where the sweepers or mule owners are encouraged to collect excreta and deposit at designated sites. toxins. The urine from urinals should be filtered through pits containing sand. may be similar ones can be explored/developed locally too. Help of local volunteers may be sought too. It is strongly recommended since it is causing odour pollution and a nuisance on the way where tourists are trekking. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-195 . The same can then be sold and used in organic cultivation in a sustainable way. It is proposed that proper attention is paid to dis-assemble the power line from avalanche prone sites (from start of Bhyundar village at about 8. the excreta from roadside toilets should be disposed in deep pits that have concrete lining (e.75 km point.5 meters to 2 meters with a depth of 2.5 meters and capacity to hold 2 cubic meters) provided at various sites. The urine should be passed through tanks of gravel and sand (e. The sand and gravel of these tanks has to be serviced. etc.75 km. proper attention to be given to preventive maintenance of power line and poles (to avoid getting damaged due to avalanches in winters) to provide electricity through grid connection all along the travel path. limited success of solar lighting. which can be easily maintained if proper attention is paid in time by Department of Electricity through some regular/documented process of preventive maintenance to avoid the system getting damaged at few places.60-9. This should be mandatory since toilet waste can mix with water and can pollute soil as well as water. including need to undertake regular maintenance of micro-hydel plant at Ghangharia. it also increases the overall comfort of the visitors. and its ancillary intake structures before/after every season. 2.10-11. The power supply system through grid becomes defunct just due to damage at few places to the power line and poles. This may add to the cost but clean the waste to a large extent and the waste going to streams and soil will not pollute the water. 9.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Management of Urinals The urinal waste should not be let off to pollute soil and water. 5. These tanks can be covered.g concrete lining for 2 meters and a depth of more than 4 meters for waste to fall off).35 km point. rather it should be cleaned before it reaches main stream. and at 11. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-196 . As discussed in Chapter 2 and 3.15 km point) after the end of tourist season and before the start of snow. Proposals on Power Sector It is suggested to upgrade the existing Power line & Pole system connected with grid via Govind Ghat till Ghangharia. Environment Management Plan for energy becomes extremely significant in view of this energy dynamics in the region. to avoid the power line getting loaded with snow deposit making it susceptible to getting damaged during an avalanche. the causes are many.7 EMP for Energy The settlements/travel path in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt region face shortage of electricity. cleaned or replaced on periodic basis. There can be several bacteria and contaminants that can cause havoc if mixed with drinking water. 9.g.25-9. Management of Toilets Apart from providing sufficient toilets. Energy efficiency not only reduces diesel / kerosene fuel (to run generators and heat water) and electricity bills. with a provision to clean these whenever necessary. The proposed road from Govind Ghat till Pulna. by which hour it is expected that all those staying at tented resorts would be back for sleep after having their dinner at restaurants in Ghangharia.EDC members/Mahila Mandal/Yuvak Mandal. driving on this road in the night will not be permitted between 8. thus minimising the dependence/need of using diesel/kerosene generators that add to some air pollution at Ghangharia. This would facilitate the few tourists who prefer to trek down to Govind Ghat by end of the same day of their visit as also for the host community at Pulna. which may be dark sometimes due to bad weather (from 13 km to 14. discussed later in this section.00 pm by which time the traffic is expected to cease for the day) during and even after the tourist season. Upgradation of street lighting at Bhyundar may be taken up. This can be done through the use of Building Management Systems (BEMS). It is proposed that the trek path till Pulna be lit by streetlights (connected to main power supply system through grid) till late evening (till say 8.5 km cluster of facilities on the Hemkunt route to facilitate safe return of visitors in this stretch.5 km point and should be switched off by 7. Also. may share this responsibility for putting on & off these street lights. funds for such recurring annual maintenance should be budgeted in the annual budgets of UREDA (for micro-hydel plant at Ghangharia) and State Electricity Board (for grid line connectivity upwards of Pulna till Ghangharia) while some initial funds are budgeted in the report for the project implementation duration. the street lights can be provided from the junction of route to Valley of Flowers / Hemkunt Sahib till next 1. and from Kanjila till Ghangharia entrance (11.00 pm – 6.00 pm. Also. PWD. unless it is an emergency requirement of village Pulna. including the supply from micro-hydel plant.5 km point) and these lights should be switched off by 9. The local host community . Once this power supply system is restored.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report This power line can then be easily assembled before start of next season and the electricity supply can be restored till Ghangharia.00 am.00 pm by which time the traffic is expected to cease for the day).75 km to 12. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-197 . say 8. if developed should also be lit by streetlights (connected to a new main power supply system through grid) till late evening (i. Shut down power in sections of the building that is not in use.e.00 pm by which time the traffic is expected to cease for the day). Maintenance or ‘Good Housekeeping’ Options • • Power shut down during the daytime may be observed. This will also ensure that sufficient power is available along the trek path/ at Pulna/ Bhyundar/ Kanjila area and at Ghangharia. Forest department staff. Gurdwara Sevadars. etc. o Storage water controls. Train staff to use less hot water and to save energy by switching off equipment when not needed. Make visitors aware of the importance of energy conservation. Retrofit and Refurbishment Options A number of repair. convector-control room temperature thermostats. used for storage or combination heaters: they include such features as automatic thermostats (to control heat storage and output according to peak demand loads and tariffs windows). Request them to switch off equipment and lights when not required.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • • • • • Insulate all hot water tanks. Seal gaps in walls. windows. but are cheap and easy to repair. • Sealing and Stripping Badly fitted doors and windows are a major source of heating and cooling loss. pipes and boilers. o Hot water cylinder thermostats to switch off boilers when water is heated to a given temperature. brush piles and fillers. PVC and aluminium seals. There are several types of controlled ventilation suitable for tourism establishments: o Background ventilation systems such as trickle vents o Rapid ventilation systems such as extractor fans o Ducted systems including heat recovery. These include: o Room thermostats. Sealing and stripping materials include silicon strips. doors. • Controlled Ventilation While sealing and stripping is important. Repair. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-198 . blade seals. retrofit and refurbishment options are presented below: • • Automatic load-shedding control systems Controls for Heating and Hot Water The right controls are crucial for the efficient operation of hot water and heating/ cooling systems. Ensure boilers and beverage chillers are regularly serviced to maximise efficiency. and rubber. roofs and floor to control heating/ cooling loss and penetrating damp. so too is controlled ventilation. which switch-off boilers when rooms are heated to a set temperature. and external timers. energy options need to be considered of which bio-fuel is a feasible option in the project region. and tungsten halogens. wind turbines. The only processing required is drying and shredding the waste. polystyrene and foam glass.a major contributor to acid rain. bio-fuels (explained later) and geothermal heat pumps. Bio-fuels include a wide range of energy resources derived from biomass – all living matter and the many products and by-products that are derived from it. rafters. as burning wet plant residues releases nitrous oxide . In conjunction with heating/cooling controls. The most commonly used insulation materials are plastic (mainly polystyrene) and mineral wool. and heating. etc. mini-hydro systems. • Wall. wall insulation also reduces condensation and damp. The types and methods of roof insulation depend on the roof pitch (sloping or fl at). weatherproof coverings. eves. If insulation is laid above existing floors. photovoltaics (PV). and therefore does not deplete natural resources. In some countries these wastes are available as dried. which CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-199 . Floor insulation is especially useful to reduce heating and cooling losses in buildings with suspended wooden floors. It is critical that the waste is dried. Low-energy lamps include compact fluorescent light (CFL) tubes. Many recycled and more environmentallypreferable insulating materials are available and should be given preference. Formaldehyde should be avoided. shredded and compressed briquettes. Insulation materials include mineral wool. Roof and Floor Insulation Around 80% of cooling and heating is lost through external walls. The main sources of bio-fuels are: Straw and Crop Waste Straw and corn waste burning systems can be used for cooking. boulders. Floor insulation is best done when floors are being replaced or extensions built. • Renewable Energy Options Renewable energy is a source of energy that can be produced at the same rate or faster than it is consumed. care should be taken that the extra thickness does not affect existing fittings and skirtings.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • Low-Energy Lighting Low-energy lighting is easy to install and can reduce energy costs by 10-15%. • Bio-fuels In addition to addressing the issue of electricity in the region. Renewable energy technology for tourism and hospitality includes solar water heating. Nursery. and their operation needs to be very carefully managed to avoid harmful emissions of acids. Environment experts also oppose incineration at a large scale as a sustainable waste and energy option. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-200 . as kitchen and garden wastes can make up almost half the volume of a business’ waste output. and use. slurry can run into surface water bodies and percolate into aquifers where the groundwater table is high.e. as slurry is wet. faeces and water) is an excellent fuel for anaerobic digestion as it is wet and rich in nutrients. – May. especially in smaller domestic heating systems. If not managed carefully. organic compounds and ash particles. as it drives down the impetus and viability of recycling programs/networks and removes the incentives for waste minimisation. Garden and Kitchen Waste. straw/crop residues can also be digested to produce biogas. urine. from Oct. metals. As wet waste. the sky in this area remains free from cloud with intense & clear sunshine. A maintenance fund may be created through nominal deposits of the beneficiaries at the village level that can be managed by the Gram Sabha. The heat generated by the incineration process is used for generating electricity. and funding through micro-credit to procure the same is a plausible option for harnessing the solar energy during the above period. Energy Alternatives for Villages • Mostly during the non-tourism season i.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report offer the added advantages of being easier to package. and Feb. The residual ash is used in road building. and carries a strong and unpleasant odour. However. it is difficult to collect. transport. The disadvantages of incineration are that modern state-of-the-art incinerators are very expensive. This good source of solar energy can easily be harnessed by the help of solar cookers/solar lanterns/solar heaters. Slurry/ Mule Excreta Slurry (a mixture of animal bedding. Training to individuals in the local host community for use of these equipments & maintenance can be provided by UREDA/NGOs. Damaged and Surplus Food These wet wastes are good fuels for digestion and biogas production. • Incineration with Energy Recovery Large-scale solid waste incineration with heat recovery is becoming a valuable ‘waste to energy’ option for many countries. It may be noted that many hospitality businesses can compost kitchen and garden waste and use the resulting residue as fertiliser. They are an interesting fuel option for tourism. – Dec. The advantage of incineration is that it reduces the demand for landfill sites and landfill related environment issues. transport and handle. nitrous oxides and hydrocarbons. environment management initiatives are required to ensure that there will be no air related pollution in the region in future also. and generating additional electricity (at Hemkunt Sahib. Ghangharia. 5. and be regularly cleaned and maintained. boilers and generators that can operate on ethanol blends and bio-diesel should be considered. ozone. etc. dust and particles. cooking. • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-201 . and Govind Ghat). Regular maintenance checks should be conducted on boilers and generators. CFCs and radon need to be controlled to provide that extra clean experience to the visitors. It is proposed that environment friendly fuel vehicles (gas based or battery operated light motor vehicles) be deployed for ferrying the tourists till Pulna if the road is built. tobacco smoke. Environment Management Programme for Emissions Control Emissions from tourism facilities expected in the region with the proposed development would be mainly from vehicles running till Pulna (if the ecofriendly ferry system is not in place) and from the burning of fossil fuels used for space and water heating. Environment Management Programme for Noise Management Good housekeeping options for Noise Management • • • Use rubber mountings to soundproof isolated machines At night. Filters and scrubbers should be fitted to exhaust fans. Presently any pollution due to the generators in operation at Ghangharia is expected to reduce/diminish with the proposed restoration of power supply system connected to grid.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report which already looks after the maintenance of the micro-hydel plant at Ghangharia. switch off machinery located near guest rooms Ensure delivery and waste-removal vehicles switch off their engines while loading and unloading at Govind Ghat and Pulna (at Pulna only if the road is developed from Govind Ghat to Pulna) Ensure that ear protection is worn by employees involved in very noisy work like construction. However.8 EMP for Air & Noise Management As discussed in Chapter 3. volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The use of vehicles. Environment Management Programme for Managing Indoor Air Quality Indoor air pollutants including combustion gases such as carbon dioxide. the ambient air quality is good in the project region. asbestos. elastic panel mounting) Install reinforced foundations for heavy equipment Install automatic door closing in guest rooms Install double-glazed windows Install quiet toilet-flush tanks (that also use less water). this will reflect in their working practices and improve service quality. NGOs working in the region. or insulating walls and floors. etc. Delegation and Training If an environment management programme is to be successful. The various means of sensitising the tourists and capacity building of other stakeholders are dealt with in the CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-202 . Mahila Mandal. and who deliver the service. If they are well informed and motivated to achieve environment objectives and safety of humans/animals. such as: • • Installing sound-absorbing inner walls. local host community and other stakeholders like mule operators/porters/palki carriers. Internal Environment Communication. etc. property design and construction improvements.9 Environmental Orientation Sensitisation of tourists. Repair And Retrofit Options For Noise Management • • • • • • Refurbishment options for Noise Management Together with architects and engineers. 5.g. and Use of sound-absorbing building materials may be considered.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • Ensure any construction/development work is only taken up in pre-tourist or post-tourist season only (this availability of such time period will also depend on the weather suitability) Install quieter motors and fans in equipment Encapsulate machinery with damping materials (e. government departments. It is these people who are in contact with the tourists and the local host community. local youth. fibreglass or rubber. with mineral wool. tour operators. who create the experience. EDC members and other volunteers like guides/porters. towards environment preservation is very important to implement the sustainable management plan. Communicating Environment Performance to Tourists The preliminary environment status review provides initial insight into the environment awareness and demands. (including Gurdwara Sevadars who must be brought into this environment management fold) must be motivated and trained to integrate reducing resource use and waste into daily operating procedures. Suggestions for Environment Communication Methods • Hang a framed copy of the environment policy statement in reception areas of each establishment whether a hotel/lodge/rest house or a small eating stall. Dept. establishment.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report subsequent chapters and in Chapter 11. This will ensure that the environment burdens of the entire business are identified and included in the EMS. Include the environment policy and information about the on-going environment management programme in brochures. of Tourism officials should have the skills to understand and implement the EMS. The environment management team should include representatives from top management and from all departments.g. as a representative of EDC team. and on the in-house television channel Inform guests about the importance of saving water and energy. and the management team including Forest officials. both during their stay and when they get home (e. The environment champion.10 Environment Monitoring Monitoring and Documenting the Progress of the Environment Management Programme ‘You cannot manage what you cannot measure’. guest information packages. current regular slide shows/documentary film shows as planned in future at the Nature Interpretation Centre) • • • • • Assign Environment Responsibility Most tourism businesses appoint an ‘environment champion’. 5. etc. and proper waste management Provide information on local environment issues Invite guests to participate in local interactive sessions Stress on how guests might participate in maintaining and improving environment quality. supported by an environment management team. and individual service provider performance will enable the tourism business to: • • Yearly Assess whether targets and objectives are being met after each season Identify action plans that are not being successfully implemented CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-203 . A few general communication methods are indicated below. Monitoring and documenting ongoing environment. best Sevadars. at the end of season. best officials. A standardised environment-monitoring format helps standardise data-collection and record-keeping across the organisation. Refer Chapter 6 for details on environment monitoring recommendations for Valley of Flowers – Hemkunt region. Even tourists those who show exemplary behaviour in not indulging in any activity like throwing the waste on trek path/carrying back all its non-biodegradable waste/ not plucking or damaging the flora & fauna in the Valley of Flowers & enroute. contribution to environmental protection and conservation on their own in general as well as for any threatened flora/fauna. those if found flouting the eco-rules whether tourists or local stakeholders should be penalised by imposing a fine for a tourist or revoking the registration license of the concerned local establishment/ stakeholder. contribution to eco-awareness. which are the tourist destinations.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • Identify the corrective and preventive actions needed to improve performance. 6. incentives and rewards should be given to recognise those establishments and individuals who have been most successful in offering quality service (in terms of accommodation/food & potable water/guide service. The objectives of Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt Management Plan are: • To improve visitor experience under eco-tourism framework CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-204 .) to tourists. can be recognised as “Eco-tourist” and their eco-development fee be refunded as a goodwill gesture and their names highlighted in the “Friends of the Valley of Flowers” Programme website for all to know & emulate. etc. best para-medic & emergency rescue staff. The present chapter outlines the specific management plan required for Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt region (including the trek from Ghangharia). cleaning staff whose stretch of trek path is most clean. Monitoring should be regular. etc. etc. VALLEY OF FLOWERS & HEMKUNT DEVELOPMENT PLAN The previous chapter outlined the overall Environment Management Plan. not shouting/creating noise in the Valley of Flowers. porter/mule operator/palki carrier those who provide best service/good behaviour or whose mules are best in health. Incentive/Reward Programs Based on the monitoring. Also. This will form a mini Environment Monitoring Audit. air etc. Similarly.which relates to the visitor experience. Carrying capacity is fundamental to environmental protection and sustainable development. It is true of all economic development that there is a carrying capacity. There are three distinct types of aspects that need attention: Biophysical (ecological) . for managing the regions such as Valley of Flowers. Reaching a carrying capacity for a population infers that there is a balance between the supply of resources and the impacts sustained as a result of that supply. 6. one has to account for not only the region confined by these three spots but the total area from where resources can be imported to these sites.which relates to the natural environment. number of consumers dependent upon the resource and capacity of the system to replace the lost resources. wood.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • To conserve the environment. In this case. but also mainly the overall management of much larger environment. It varies according to season and over time. biological. Tourism carrying capacity includes physical.1 Factors influencing Carrying Capacity • • • • • • Volume of resources required Intensity of pressure on the resources Non renewable resources Utilisation of local resources Renewable resources like sun. Flux of renewable resources CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-205 . water. The concept of carrying capacity relates resource use to environmental support. facility design and management.1 Sustainable Development and Carrying Capacity Concepts Minimisation of Impacts Eco-Tourism incorporates sustainable development principles. Ghangharia etc. Carrying capacity is not merely about a number. and the changing attitudes of the host community. Socio-cultural . Hemkunt. tourists’ behavioural patterns. reducing visitor satisfaction or exerting adverse impact upon the society. pressure above carrying capacity will result in decline of the environmental balances disturbing the ecology and risking major hazards. It is not just the carrying capacity of a region that accounts for the resources utilised. social and psychological/ perceptual aspects of the tourism environment. economy and culture of the area or in other words depends upon the resource available. 6. It refers to the maximum use of any site without causing negative effects on the resources.1. beyond which further development causes declines in resource availability and environmental integrity.which relates primarily to the impact on the host population and its culture and Facility . factors such as the dynamic character of the environment. ”) Landscaping etc Purchased sources Services Local non renewable resources Imported non renewable resources (concrete. steel. air.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • • • • • • • • Environmental loading Behavioural pattern of tourists Visitor Management at site and enroute Waste generation and disposal Ecological patterns Social changes Ratio of non-renewable energy to renewable energy.) Fuel Electricity Labour Goods and material Potable water Food Animals & fodder Human resources • Resources required • • • • • • • • • • • • • • The resources required are converted into energy as also cost in currency to calculate consumption per tourist and total load. fruits. raw food) Local renewable resources (Water. furnishings) Imported renewable resources (potable water. wood. solar energy etc. This helps to calculate carrying capacity. fuel. electricity. vegetables. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-206 . This required area will called as “support area. called an Environmental Loading Ratio (ELR) and provides an upper limit to carrying capacity Availability of support area (The carrying capacity indices are expressed as land area required to support an economic activity. the percentage share of visitors to Valley of Flowers is very low . but the replenishment of the lost species is usually not with the same and similar species. 6. however. the Environmental Status Review and Environment Impact of Tourism (presented in Chapter 3) clearly suggests that the project region is unique. due to restrictions on grazing.5 km long & 3 ft wide trek path that leads to Ms Legge’s grave and to some old Helipad reported near the grave. the structure of the community will be different. the fragility of biodiversity is the concern. but usually with more aggressive and competitive species. Following factors were considered while estimating carrying capacity and making recommendations: • • The purpose of the visit is mainly eco-tourism or ecological study Valley of Flowers trek is basically 5 km long from Ghangharia up to the end of the main valley near Donagair Garh or stream.1.2 Valley of Flowers Existing Scenario Valley of Flowers . CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-207 . Number of tourists has increased as compared to previous years.9 km stretch that is relatively wider upto 6 ft wide). Already there is a concern of growth of dominating species like Polygonum polystachyum. Even trampling by tourists may be detrimental. Any trampling. There is only a 3 ft wide trail that feeds this area for the tourist to trek (except the initial 0. both ecology and tourism attractions are in the region. The growth of tourists to Valley of Flowers had been about 60% from 2002-2003.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report The situational analysis of the tourism in the region (presented in Chapter 2).Hemkunt region is part of a highly eco-sensitive zone. There is a debate on if grazing should be allowed as in past so that such dominating species are kept in check. if the lost components/species are continuously replaced by dominating species or components or associations different from the natural or original ones. however. In addition to this there is a 0. In such a case. etc. In this case.nearly 1. the consultants strongly feel that grazing will also remove other components that are rare and may be lost with grazing or trampling due to grazing activity. and thus tourists path need to be defined and restricted. However. removal or damage is limiting to the system.7 % in 2003 of nearly 4 lakhs total tourists to Hemkunt Sahib (it is assuming that all the visitors in this region during the tourist season visit Hemkunt Sahib and a part also visit the Valley of Flowers). Not that the system is not capable of replenishing it. The area currently available in VOFNP for tourists is very limited and all the components of this destination are precious. Although. no grazing in the protected area. but at the same time guides should be trained to be visitor friendly while they control the visitor movement on well-defined paths & spots for panoramic view/relaxation. wrappers etc. Proper interpretation boards and proper education of the significance of each point with ecological explanation to avoid damaging sensitive values. Sensitisation of tourists / eco-guide monitoring means to minimise such impacts is extremely essential. In addition. River Pushpawati flows along the sides giving it a very pleasant view. This area has a limited carrying capacity for eco-tourists. used wrappers. Nearly one to two bottles of water may be consumed per tourist per day. wide with some more open space currently available where visitors were observed to reach and move around) as the tourists are not allowed to stray away for environmental reasons. Although the education system proposed to be imparted to the tourists and the fact that a majority of tourists at the Valley of Flowers are environmentalists or environment protection conscious. no throwing of seeds such as those of oranges or other eatable. waste left at the site such as water bottles. tourists demands for calculating carrying capacity in terms of use of non renewable and renewable energy resources is negligible as the tourists neither stay overnight nor utilise the resources present at the valley site. The main ones are: no dumping of waste bottles and wrappers (if dumped. It needs management to save ecological damages. no plucking of flowers or uprooting of plants.5 acre only (covering the 5. The visitation flow shall be restricted with guided tours. with the help of local eco-guides proposed to accompany a team can facilitate the tourist orientation. no throwing of peels such as those of banana or other eatable (there is a misconception and a tendency • • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-208 . no trampling on the sides of the trek. yet the factors such as space to move. yet there is a risk that a good number will leave the water bottles. in fact. nearly 0. there is a 2 km length of the main valley. the actual space for movement at the Valley of Flowers is very limited. trampling on the sides of the trek limit the pressure.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • Though the vast land in Valley of Flowers can be fancied for visit. Many tourists are found to disturb the ecosystem by stepping down to plants causing damage by trampling of plants in the urge to get better views or access places for relaxation on rock boulder tops. proper immediate collection). These management issues have been elaborated elsewhere in the report. no straying into the fields. It is environmentally fragile as well as ecologically sensitive.5 km long trek path which is about 3 ft. and during such accompaniment the guide service shall avoid a sense of control. while the tourists appreciate the point of interest. flowers plucked on return.6 ha or 1. The current numbers of visitation were observed to be an average of 128 visitors per day in one peak season month of July 2003. etc. while the number of students/government officials/foreign tourists in the Valley of Flowers has grown from 171 visitors in 1993 to nearly 1000 in 2003. The name . but it is the environment orientation and sensitisation of tourists and the local host community coupled with well-planned management measures within the Limits of Acceptable Change Framework. more chances of damage to the precious biodiversity components. An eco-deposit shall be taken at the time of entry to VOFNP. However if the purpose is well defined and clarified by DoF. which affects.km area of the main valley that is visible cannot stand lakhs of tourists moving on a limited pathway space of 0. This suggests that it is not the number. and to ensure that the carrying capacity of the Valley of Flowers does not reach an optimal limit. As the numbers of high quality/serious eco-tourists and researchers has been gradually increasing. shall also ensure that only consistent information is displayed that is supported by the official line. • An alternative site (a more resilient site/area) with similar pattern and components with attractions is proposed to be developed outside the Valley as a demonstration nursery/ shadow garden which could be named ‘Germplasm Bank of Endangered Species of VoF’ (as suggested by Chief Wildlife Warden. etc.5 acres in a small season of four months. It is observed that maximum impact to environment was caused by the tourist’s behavioural pattern and lack of management controls and not based on the number of visitation. signboards along the path. The DoF/DoT/local management. Its carrying capacities don’t permit that. this is a good proposal. in the present scenario.6 ha / 1. the proposed management is through education. the details of which are described in the following section. It is observed that the number of domestic tourists in the Valley of Flowers has grown from 2033 visitors in 1993 to nearly 5500 visitors in 2003. education to guides and publication of booklets on environmental issues at Valley of Flowers. Uttaranchal or be known by any other name by DoF as felt appropriate). Also. The physical space for tourists to move around in the Valley of Flowers is limited as mentioned earlier and higher the number. sensitisation prior to taking the trip. Increase in support area cannot increase the carrying capacity of the region. and refunded if the tourist carries back the wastes and plastics. A 10 sq. it is imperative to attract preferably only the high quality eco-tourists in the main valley per se.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report to throw eatable assuming that these are degradable and will not effect the system). whether it is CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-209 .Germplasm Bank gives a notion of more of being a conserved area and not an area where tourists can also visit. which will minimise the impacts in the Valley and would contain any erosion of its carrying capacity. 9 km length till river Pushpawati bridge is approx. Salient Features: Gross Area = 789. This is presented in the following Box-1 along with a study of present status of Valley of Flowers from the visitation loading perspective. California. Legge’s grave) of about 4. space* along designated trek path) = campsites) = about 600-650 acres 0.8+4600x0. etc. movable roads & trails for different activities. and conserve the environment of this valley region. California. began in 1800’s Proclaimed National Monument: 10 Aug 1936 Designated as Biosphere Reserve: 1984 & later designated as National Park on 31 Oct 1994 Local Management: National Park Service. The aim of EDC is to keep the trek trail clean.5 acres (derived out of data available on web) Altitude Levels: 3200 m – 6700 m above Altitude Levels: 1000 ft.) along designated paved / unpaved Main Valley Area (approx.745 acres Main Valley Area (as visible during the tourist Main Movable Area (approx. Box-1: Case Study (2003 Season).Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report through signages/information boards/print media/electronic media/internet media. but increased visitation due to explorers. above MSL MSL Tourist Season: Jun– Sep every year Tourist Season: Throughout year (120 days) Number of Visitors: 1. keep this valley region free from polythene/plastics. USA with a non-profit partner Joshua Tree National Park Association which is dedicated to assist with preservation.) (approx.50 sq km * Initial trek path of 0.6 ha or 1. while view point/relaxation area proposed is an additional 175 sqm in area along the trek path.9+175+26+1 = 5962 sqm or 0. India Legal Status: Human Visitation: Since ancient times by near by local communities the trade route trail to Tibet passed through this natural valley Discovered in Modern Times: 1931 by British Mountaineer & Expeditionary Frank S Smythe Declared National Park: 6 Sep 1982 Local Management: Under Department of Forests (DoF) and for eco-tourism by EcoDevelopment Committee (EDC) under guidance of DoF. 6 ft wide. USA was done to understand the development and management of the same.26 Million Number of Visitors: 6400 (approx. while single unit toilet covers 1 sqm. etc.Valley of Flowers and Joshua Tree National Park Valley of Flowers National Park. A case study of Joshua Tree National Park. – 5000 ft. cattlemen. total movable space is as follows: Total Movable Space (Area) = 900x1. and scientific programs for the benefit of the park & its visitors. miners.) Salient Features: National Park Area = 87.6 ha or 1.6 km length is approx. provide employment opportunity to rural unemployed. The additional uncovered benches provided to rest during the initial difficult trek cover an area of 26 sqm. Joshua Tree National Park. historical. USA Legal Status: Human Visitation: Inhabited since 5000 years. education. and thereafter remaining trek path (including the path till Ms. Thus. Uttaranchal.5 acres CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-210 . space season) = 10 sq km (approx. wide. 3 ft. flash floods after thunderstorms. etc. Permissible activities: Movement along designated paved / unpaved roads with vehicles and identified trails for mountain biking / hiking / horseback riding /Nature Walks. India Nature of Park: Located in northern Himalayas. at 9 designated campsites (30 day limit) including stargazing & photography Present Park Load: CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-211 . fan palm. landslides. Creosote bush.Valley of Flowers and Joshua Tree National Park Valley of Flowers National Park. Permissible activities: Only walking along the designated path and few defined open relaxation spots (if prepared as proposed) including photography (professional photography permitted at a charge). insect/snake bites. 4 are non-flowering plants (Gymnosperms) and 18 are ferns (Pteridophytes)] Endangered/Medicinal Species: 31 / 13 Species of Fauna: 13 wild mammal species. part of NDBR. & insects/butterflies Source of Water: River Pushpawati and numerous small streams/rivulets joining it Potential Hazards: Sickness due to difficult trek. 19 cultural landscapes Source of Water: > 120 (e.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Box-1: Case Study (2003 Season). more than 11 bird species. mammals. seeps. gets abundant rainfall. insects. and lizards & snakes Endangered Species: 7 Flora & 9 Fauna Other Protected Items: 501 archeological sites. activities are not permitted Present Park Load: Capacity of persons per acre of area exposed to visitation = 2. Seismic activity (many fault zones in vicinity). Species of Fauna: Numerous birds. with great diversity of flora & some fauna species accessible for only daily visitation permissible in limited period of 4 months Species of Flora: 521 [of which 499 are flowering plants (Angiosperms). 88 historic structures. California.g. oases. seismic activity. while camping/ night stay/cooking /mule service. wells.6 (average per annum of tourist season) Capacity of persons per acre of moveable space per season = 4267 (average per four months of Joshua Tree National Park. spring wildflowers. Uttaranchal. snowy region. other desert vegetation accessible throughout year except for camping limitation from Oct-May Species of Flora: Joshua tree. high altitude. with varying vegetation. illegal flora/herb removal (before/beyond tourist season). limited rainfall. other desert vegn. springs. & one short perennial stream) Potential Hazards: Dehydration. organic waste left cannot decompose. etc. fan palm oases. Camping/cooking (carry fuel & water) etc. etc. USA Nature of Park: Located in parts of Mojave & Colorado (high & low) Deserts interspersed with rugged mountains. fires. Most of such large parks have motor able roads and large area. facilities for removal of garbage. USA Capacity of persons per acre of area exposed to visitation = 1.htm www.6 (average) Capacity of persons per acre of moveable space per season per day = 13.national-park. Visitors are sensitised in visitor centres at multiple entrance/exit locations and waste/garbage generated is brought back by the visitors in plastic bags under the principle of “Leave No Trace”. CA. yet delicate and fragile. numerous trekking trail / climbing routes.Valley of Flowers and Joshua Tree National Park Valley of Flowers National Park. Wind and rain have had the greatest effect in shaping this ecosystem. Uttaranchal. while the desert is immense and infinitely variable and seems unwelcoming in brutal heat of summers. In reality Joshua Tree National Park is a highly dynamic. USA has only 5.tree.joshua.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Box-1: Case Study (2003 Season). except camping sites with limited capacities and for limited duration.6 visitors per acre of movable space per day. and it thus has an extremely high safety factor (as the Park is within 3 hours drive away from an 18 million population) to handle within its capacity the additional future visitation load per person vis-à-vis movable space. horseback riding at designated paths.nps. and limited camping.org CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-212 . Source : www. But it is a huge park with motor able roads paved & unpaved inside. with permissible vehicular traffic. The park is a dynamic living laboratory affected by natural forces & human activities in the Park.gov/jotr/index. India tourist season) Capacity of persons per acre of moveable space per season per day = 36 (average) Capacity of persons per acre of moveable space per season per day = 87 (average in peak visitation month in July) Joshua Tree National Park.com www.joshuatree.6 (average per annum of tourist season) Capacity of persons per acre of moveable space per season = 2016 (average per annum of tourist season) Capacity of persons per acre of moveable space per season per day = 5. While wildfire and human caused factors such as air pollution and off-road vehicle use can change the landscape very quickly. constantly shifting ecosystem. toilets and other amenities and can handle large visitation loads along designated paths at a time.5 (average in peak visitation month in April) The case study shows that Joshua Tree National Park. California. Fluid carrying capacities is an anthropomorphic view that carrying capacities can be increased by hardening a site or improving it's capacity through improved transportation or facilities. if visitor responsibility and awareness levels are low or unknown. In particular when the development of tourism exceeds the carrying capacity of the tourist spot. crowding of the visitors and negative impact on the habitat. Too often tourism development adds to the environmental stress. or there are no resources to increase carrying capacity. if no information exists to define an areas potential carrying capacity. Brebbia & M. A spatio-temporal approach has been adopted to estimate the optimum number of tourists in VoF. A. D. www. The details of options explored are as follows: Fluid carrying capacities: This model is used when resources can be replenished and regenerated. Combinations of fixed and fluid capacities are used in many protected areas. However for VoF fixed carrying capacity has been recommended. etc. * CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-213 . If visitor demand exceeds an area's carrying capacity. It is a popular approach to visitor management and is an attempt at determining the maximum number of visitors that is sustainable in ecological and social conditions. Pineda. Most of the computer models that are used to calculate the carrying capacity take into account physical access. transportation and pollution caused by the activity. Yet carrying capacity is among the most controversial topics in recreation management*. The objective of this rationing system is not only to physically manage the space available at VoF but also to see the diversity is protected and not tampered. then a quota or limit must be imposed to protect the site. It was not in the scope of work to do that in-depth study due to limited project duration. and moreover the number of tourists at present is within the threshold limits. Mugica (Editors) . There are several models to calculate the carrying capacity. Sustainable Tourism.com. are used if the area is extremely vulnerable. F.witpress. tourist movement over the entire year (season) to put layers to develop the model.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Carrying Capacity Approach & Calculation The calculations of the carrying capacity load have been made on certain assumptions. ISBN 185312-724-8. it causes a variety of negative impacts. C. carrying capacity is the amount of activity that can be accommodated in a specific site without causing unsustainable impacts. As mentioned earlier. 2004. however on has to observe the tourist behaviour. WIT Press. on the other hand. The carrying capacity is calculated not merely on the basis of space available but includes biological and sociological issues. The ideal definition of carrying capacity is a "level of recreational use an area can withstand while providing a sustained quality of recreation". Fixed carrying capacities: Fixed carrying capacities. camp etc. Carrying capacity gets limited when the impact crosses threshold. and sensitivities towards biodiversity and time period spent at the site. The unique and precious biodiversity needs special attention. The VoF is too small and very fragile in terms of accommodating needs of tourists. With respect to transportation to reach base station/destination.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report The following criteria were considered to arrive at the optimum number that can visit the VoF area in a season: Use Levels: The actual use levels by the tourists of the facility at the VoF site are fairly low. issues. They only visit the site. The numbers projected CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-214 . Estimation of impact of tourists depends upon the number of tourists. impact due to transportation to reach the site. The formulae to calculate carrying capacity where tourists have to cook. and others are /further would be trained for a high level of sensitisation before they visit the VoF site. pollution load due to excreta. Recreation Opportunity: Recreation opportunity is density dependent. Transportation to reach the Site: There are models available where pollution loads are calculated on the basis of vehicular pollution. and there would be strict vigilance on the number of people going in and coming out of the VoF and their activities. the main load is for Ghangharia & Govind Ghat/Hemkunt site. Desired Resource Conditions: The main criterion at VoF is sustainability in terms of impact of tourists to biodiversity. horse/mule rides and. the VoF is not visited for recreation of the type that will warrant consideration of factors usually considered for purely recreational tourist sites. The area has special values. ease and relax is very minimal. The proposed model of fixed carrying capacity is based on the assumption that time spent is negligible (no camping/night stay as discussed above). and the changes that impact of tourists may cause on biodiversity. etc. The numbers can only be increased if there are alternative opportunity allocations. this is not critical as there is neither vehicular movement possible nor mules are permitted. and concerns. As far VoF is concerned. In order to maintain the relationship of use levels the tourist number has to be rationed. Hence. However. The numbers have to be monitored on the basis of indicators of resource changes. The actual impact in terms of needs to cook. traditional models to calculate carrying capacity were not considered for this site. The Acceptable Level of Impact: The limits of acceptable change recognises the value judgements involved in identifying appropriate levels of impact and use intensity. and the tourists are not permitted to camp/stay at the VoF overnight. enjoy the panoramic view and leave. include requirement of wood to cook and camping requirements including water & other amenities. These have not been considered here. their education. the sensitivities are moderate for only serious tourists visiting the site. and tourists reach the site only on foot or palki/dandi. 1 Activity Load Remarks Solid waste such as bottles Average is 2 bottles per head per day Minimally calculated in this case assuming that the visitors are trained and well sensitised 2 Excreta of visitors Approx. but possible Negligible. Parameter taken into consideration while arriving at the above suggestion S. the tourists can gaze at the nature without physical impacts. if forest patrolling is not sufficient enough. There is a limitation in this model. However. intrusions of locals or visit of grazing animals during off-season is a distinct possibility. and would carry back the waste Considered as a load in the current calculations Considered as a load in the current calculations Considered as a load in 3 4 Urination by visitors Food waste and plastic of food packets 5 6 Noise pollution Negligible Disturbance to diversity Removal of plants Chemicals Unexpected. the ecological behaviour and visitors (local community) if any during the off-season (when snow is still not there) have not been accounted for as enough data for that period is not available. plucking. but may be acute including trampling. 400 g per day per head Minimally calculated in this case assuming that the visitors are trained and sensitised. removing and brushing Unexpected. N o. but could effect 7 8 CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-215 . and the requirement of number of users may be very less Approx 1-2 liters a day 400 gm per day (waste) including plastic wrappers Considered as a load in the current calculations Not calculated in this case assuming that the visitors are trained and sensitised.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report in carrying capacity are based on the space required for tourists to move around in such a way that there is no trampling. This being flowering and fruiting season. many butterflies and insects apart from birds will be common in the area. N o. 10 Disturbance to birds and insects More tourists will disturb the birds and insects. out of above. Reduction in number can adversely effect the population of the insects and birds frequenting the VoF More visitors increase the risk of introduction of alien microbes More visitors increase the risk of introduction of alien weeds 11 Introduction of alien fungi and microbes Introduction of alien weeds This parameter is considered as a negative effect of higher number of visitors This parameter is considered as a negative effect of higher number of visitors 12 Thus. these insects are crucial as they help in breeding (pollination) of the flowers.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report S. Load as in items 1 and 2 are minimally considered to the extent of contribution by less than 5% of visitors and item 4 is not considered as the visitors are expected to be trained. and well CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-216 . Activity Load Remarks (perfumes. odourants and others that come with human visitors) 9 Disturbance to animals diversity the current calculations More tourists will scare away the animals visiting (naturally) the area This parameter is considered as a negative effect of tourists as the serenity is disturbed when humans will frequent the area This parameter is considered as a negative effect of tourists as the serenity is disturbed when humans will frequent the area. major considerations are the impact on biodiversity. Humans are scary of bees and insects and higher numbers can cause adverse effects. and especially during the peak visitation periods. this number has no meaning unless effective sensitisation is done (visitors shall be well informed that they have to remain on fixed path.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report sensitised & informed before they visit. and ensuring that they understand it very well and also are guided appropriately during visitation) and the tourists within the valley are quality environment lovers. when visiting such eco-system. etc. etc. take off coat and spread arms. is a highly sensitive ecosystem due to its unique natural phenomenon of growth/seeding of a great diversity of flora without any human assistance in this phenomenon in a cyclic manner & in a limited period post snow times. In case these are also to be considered in a situation of minimal sensitisation. if electricity arrangements are not upgraded through grid line/properly maintained micro-hydel plant). Thus. research scholars. the number of persons limited for the visitation in the main valley at any point in time would be 150 persons (also due to movable space of just 1. Conclusions Valley of Flowers National Park.). the human load is calculated 10 times higher. with only dynamicity happening during very few months of summer-monsoon season.5 acres this translates to a visitation limit of 100 persons/acre at any point in time). Less than 10 times load in this context would create pressure on the ecosystem. it is emphasised that if the visitor is not sensitised extremely well. the normal load impact per person in terms of space required in recreational mode is about 4 sqm and the same is proposed to be increased by 10 times factor* for the sensitive eco-system of Valley of Flowers. * CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-217 . the option of extending prior reservation to visit the main valley site may also be thought off for quality visitors (serious nature enthusiasts. if solid waste disposal Normally a person takes nearly 4 sqm of space if he/her has to walk. due to its topography & ecosensitiveness its not possible/advisable to increase the movable space in the main valley. Moreover. and due to its physical location in fragile Himalayan geology.t. At any given point in time. and at the sensitised per person load of 40 sqm. yet which also has a relatively static environment of snow cover for most of the year. This accounts for the environmental and pollution loading of a person and more space requirement for enhanced visitor experience. Thus. any excess load flow per day shall be diverted from the main valley to the more resilient area of Germplasm Bank/ Shadow Garden/ Demonstration Nursery as proposed in the report. The Forest Department Personnel located at the VOFNP Entrance gate should take this into consideration before letting new groups in. Also. Accordingly 40 sqm space per person factor has been adopted to derive the visitation limitation per day. DoF may ensure that this limit is not exceeded. Though movable space is limited. the behaviour expected from them w. if the increased fuel consumption is not controlled (i. To maintain the present good quality of the environment with minimal levels of pollution load & ecological disturbance in the valley.e.6 ha or 6000 sqm in the main valley. However. apart from Himalayan fauna as well. even if the climate during visitation is very pleasant. the carrying capacity could be much less. Since the limited capacities are proposed at VoF. the number of sensitised tourists inside the Valley should be limited to 150 persons at the rate of 100 persons per acre of the movable space. with the present behavioural patterns. for the available movable space of 0.. then the VoF will be considered extremely fragile and the normal load will have to be calculated at a higher multiple instead of 10 as adopted now. At such an ecosensitive place where movable space is very limited /to minimize any eco-disturbance due to human activities/impact beyond hazard management abilities over visitors during visitation.r. Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report mechanism/capacity is set in place at Govind Ghat (in terms of existing proposal of incinerator, and recycling auctions), if the forest patrolling specially before the start of tourist season (when the snow has almost melted in May) and after the end of tourist season (before the snow begins) as the area is still accessible to local communities and continued sensitisation of local communities in this regard, etc., then the safety factor of 10 times as mentioned above may not hold really good and may have to be increased further to ensure that the carrying capacity of the main valley is not eroded. Thus more visitors may be handled as mentioned above, only if proper management, education efforts, and adding of new demonstration nursery /Germplasm banks as elaborated in other sections of this report is taken up and sustained. 6.1.3 Hemkunt The following observations are made for understanding the region: • • The visitors go only for the day for few hours and return back the same day As this is a pilgrim destination, which is open for just 4 months, it is not easy to control and reduce the number of visitors; however proper visitor management is essential in improving the quality of the destination. At Hemkunt Sahib complex, the total somewhat levelled land area including and around both the shrines/related facilities would be a total of about 2-2.5 ha. The pressure is maximum at this point, reported about 15,000 during peak day. • Also, in the Hemkunt destination perspective, plucking of Brahmakamal (Saussurea obvallata) flowers is an issue. Several tourists were observed carrying Brahmakamal flowers in hand as a souvenir. Also it was reported that this flower is available for sale for worshipping as well as for sentimental reasons after Nandashtami (annual fair in August). Though there are plants at areas other than the valley and near Hemkunt site, yet the numbers are not inexhaustible. This has to be managed in several ways: • • • Educating people about its importance and need to avoid misuse at Nature Interpretation Centre & Govind Dham Gurdwara at Ghangharia Educating Hemkunt Sahib Gurdwara and Lokpal Temple staff not to allow persons to pluck the flowers and offer with prayers Souvenirs could be developed with flowers packaged. The technology to preserve the flower, its colour and shape could be accessed through government institutions like, NBRI. Cultivation of flowers for commercial purpose at sites other than the tourism area Removal of flower does not kill the plants. Need to protect (not necessarily conserve) the flowers from excessive exploitation and education to appreciate the flowers in nature and not hold for a few minutes. • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-218 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Main pressures are as below: • One to two bottles of water are consumed by an average tourist while trekking the path. Each waste bottle weighs nearly 50 gm when empty and thrown in the dustbin or thrown away. There is a load of nearly 100 gm of non-biodegradable waste per tourist (incl. other wrappers, boxes, biscuit packets) and with nearly 15000 tourists on a peak day; this load comes to 1500 kg per day. Human waste with consumption of 2 litres of water per day adds to the liquid and solid waste that the site has to carry and absorb in its system. Disposal of eatables, left over food, seeds and peels add to solid waste, which is not huge in terms of mass, but of concern since some of these can germinate in the area and others can cause pollution of water and foul smell. Animal waste at the rate of nearly a kg dry weight adds another dimension as the number of mules per day and number of trips per day is increasing with the increase in number of tourists. With nearly 2-2.5 hectare area available at this site, the number of tourists (even floating per day) needs management in terms of waste factors discussed here as well as in Chapter 5. These measures should particularly include: o Use of green alternatives for food, management of liquid and solid waste, management of waste of animals, removal of waste from trekking path to avoid visual repulsions and odour pollution, education to tourists so that they carry back their waste in the bags they have brought to the site. An ideal eco-tourism scenario will be no waste left at the site (all bottles and wrappers are carried back, no eatables are thrown or dropped, no seeds are left in the wild, no plants are plucked or trampled, the human waste is chemically reduced or decomposed in ecologically safe way, animal waste is converted into manure, the animal feed includes no weeds so that the seeds of the weeds are not thrown open to environment causing disturbance). The ideal situation can be realised to 75 percent possibility by proper management and education. o At the same time, the total environment load is not acute and hence in terms of energy requirement, the area has the necessary carrying capacity of the tourists as visiting currently as long as the waste and services provided are managed. • • • • • The visible impacts of tourists are: production of waste, crowd effect because of numbers or the mules in operation, lesser approach paths to the target site etc. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-219 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • Since, ratio of support area to developed tourist area is crucial for calculating carrying capacity, it is important to understand the intensity of tourist activity and plan managing the tourists, resources and the services. Management will reduce the intensity and thus lesser support area will be required thus enhancing the carrying capacity. All efforts should be focussed reducing the environmental loading ratio and thus facilitating a dynamic balance. • 6.2 Valley of Flowers Management Plan The Valley of Flowers management plan is a mix of Conservation Plan for the valley, management measures and minimal development measures. 6.2.1 Conservation Plan for the Valley of Flowers Flora and fauna • Conservation of threatened flora and fauna is one of the important aims of the management plan. The threatened resources suffer from two types of threats, viz. over exploitation, illicit collection/ poaching and ecological changes and natural extinction whose number has drastically gone down in the wild. Conservation of those threatened natural resources, specially the medicinal herbs require special attention and care. There is a need to build up the general perception of the local community members about the threatened species & their importance in the ecosystems. It is recommended that grazing may not be allowed to address the issue of control of dominating species like Polygonum polystachyum, impatiens sulcata, etc. The overall conservation plan can be summarised as development of proper packages by: o Studying the growth pattern of such dominating species in a season (July-Sep for Impatiens sulcata, Polygonum polystachyum, Cuscuta europaea, etc.); the species that are getting suppressed; the seed behaviour of dominating species, so that time of pruning and extent of pruning be estimated etc o Prepare appropriate packages of practices based on scientific observations o Devise means where their spread is checked by reducing their biological population o Educate the locals about the issues in conservation o Find alternative means to utilise the pruned foliage. • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-220 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • Polygonum polystachyum shall not be removed from the slopes and fresh soil erosion areas (that occur as result of glacial actions), as it is a good soil binder and can bind any such areas of erosion. A study is proposed to be commissioned to investigate Polygonum’s current impact on biodiversity, develop methods for monitoring that can be implemented by technical staff (of research/study group involving one or multiple institutions like Department of Forests, Wildlife Institute of India, High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre of HNB Garhwal University, etc.) and review the role and potential impacts of machine tools or other improved method of removal in place of physical removal for use in areas of high conservation status. It is proposed to undertake a study on the occurrence of Polygonum in the nearby areas/ valleys where grazing is practised and relation of sheep with spread of this particular shrub. The transition area needs to be developed with soil conservation measures to prevent soil erosion and one of the aims should be to encourage and extend visitors appreciation of the different landforms and landscape types in the reserve. • • Soil Conservation Measures • Participative Conservation Local Community Participation • Joint Forest Management (JFM): Participatory consultation and planning in the Reserve Forest areas and Civil Forest areas as per the concept of “Care and Share Philosophy” in buffer & transitions zones (non-core zone areas) and under the State’s Rules on Joint Forest Management. Any local host community/EDC involvement in the core zones (VOFNP area) has to be in a very restricted and regulated way as decided and directed by the Department of Forests. Involvement of Local Community and Eco-Development Committee (EDC): All the soil conservation works and masonry works and even pruning of dominating species are labour intensive in nature. The local villagers of Bhyundar/Pulna and the EDC members must be involved to carry out the job. This will provide local job opportunity and will also win local goodwill and support. Involvement of local people for finding out the changes in the ecological pattern and the probable causes of depletion of resources (use of traditional knowledge). • • VOFNP Management CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-221 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report General Rule that may be added for abiding by Visitors to VOFNP • It is mandatory to hire at least one registered eco-guide/nature interpreter, unless the visitors have already availed/hired a registered porter-cum-eco guide option. Any group with more than 10 persons should hire one more eco-guide at every 10 persons. Porters who accompany tourists to the Valley will also have to compulsorily undergo a training session on environmental orientation. It will also be their responsibility to maintain the environmental balance and act as porter-cumeco guide in a limited way. Training to them will serve the twin purpose of increasing their remuneration and as well as to get them aware of environmental protection issues and this in turn will make the porter-cumeco guide to be responsible/accountable for environmentally aware tourist behaviour from tourists who they accompany. Modify existing Rule no. 2 as given in Chapter 2 as “Do not destroy, trample, collect or remove any plant and animal specimen whether live or dead or any geological specimen – Take only memories”. Always walk on designated trek trail/path. Do not trample flora to climb rocks for rest or scenic view. Use designated toilets only. If required bury human waste and toilet paper about 30 m away from water sources (river Pushpawati and numerous big & small garhs/streams). Avoid using pollutants such as any soap/detergents in river/streams. Carry back all biodegradable waste and non-biodegradable litter. Batteries should not be thrown away and should be carried back for proper disposal. Patronise tour operators who think green. Listen to your guides and porters to follow conservation measures. • Items that may be added in existing Do’s and Don’ts list for Accessing VOFNP: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Revision of Entry Fee The basic entry fee applicable to access the VOFNP shall be revised and should include the cost of 1 coloured brochure/booklet (listing major 54 floral species and major fauna species with their pictures, bloom period, any other brief etc. printed on a glossy A-2 paper of size 18” x 23” printed on both sides and with 12 folds or any other suitable design) & 1 Trek Map with Flower Composition brief on one side and Do’s & Don’ts/any other instruction on other side (printed on good A-4 sheet of size 9” x 11” in black & white or any other suitable design) per head, which must be provided to the visitor along with the entry permit at the CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-222 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report VOFNP Entrance Gate Check-post. Cost for such informational material is initially budgeted for the 4-year project implementation period. Thereafter, the cost shall be borne by the DoF/EDC through its resources. 6.2.2 Development Measures Landscape Proposals Germplasm Bank of Endangered Species of VoF (ex-situ conservation) • It is proposed to put up a demonstration nursery / shadow garden, which simulates species of Valley of Flowers at other sites, and which will be a good demonstration of the biodiversity of the Valley. Department of Forests has also put up a small demonstration site that has names of the plants displayed near the entrance gate of Valley of Flowers. However, it is very small in size/area and only symbolic and not a demonstration garden for eco-tourism purpose. The Valley of Flowers site is more than simply an eco-tourism site. It is a nature’s laboratory even for the trained botanist. A scientific demonstration nursery as a Germplasm bank of Endangered Species of VoF/ Demonstration Nursery should be built up at the site (about 5 ha of area is available as informed by the Director, NDBR) between Ghangharia and VOFNP gate. For further high altitude species including Brahmakamal etc. a small garden site (about 0.25 ha) could be developed at Hemkunt area on the land of Forest Department. The Germplasm Bank/ Demonstration Nursery would be similar in pattern and components, scientifically developed maintaining abundance, density, frequency and diversity indices of biodiversity. This site, as has been recommended, should also have a nursery for easy replenishments; replacements and refilling of lost material, and also have potential to provide certain plants that can easily be generated. This garden / nursery will have the following advantages: o Providing additional attraction for the tourists o It will be a manmade garden and will be a unique option to study succession and environmental impacts o It will be an educational garden o It will provide research data for controversial issues that can be researched here and the same can not be experimented at Valley of Flowers o It will provide an alternative site to visit and help understand population growth to the scientists /eco-tourists • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-223 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report o Also this new destination would handle greater visitors outreach in terms of general tourists to enjoy biodiversity, without disturbing the main VoF thereby reducing possible future pressure on Valley of Flowers o Since we cannot manage the Valley to a great extent in order to keep the natural profile, the demonstration nursery / shadow garden can be managed to keep the desired population levels o It can provide a boost to entrepreneurs who may like to cultivate some of the plants for bio-prospecting o It will beautify the area o This will also be a unique conservation strategy, which looks like exsitu yet will be close to the site. o This garden can have labels, notes and information provided at the site while we cannot do the same manipulations in the protected Valley of Flowers site. • The proposed garden should not have only the flowering plants planted as in an exhibition but planted along with the associated plants, depicting the natural ecosystem keeping frequency, dominance, associations etc. as close to natural one as possible. The dominants and co-dominants should be brought out by their prominence and numbers. This will give a natural look. A garden as proposed can be designed and landscaped by ecologists or natural resource botanists. The proposed garden (or gardens at other vintage sites) should have names of the plants. The number of plants be grouped in a manner that it gives a picture of the valley (also provides a breeding population of the plants, for example 12 to 25 plants depending upon canopy and height of shrubs as well as availability of space) etc. This Demonstration Nursery/ Shadow Garden can be named as Germplasm Bank of Endangered Species of VoF as suggested by NDBR. It is proposed to carry out maintenance and partly laying the paths in dry stone kharanja (RR masonry) over soil/bridle path within the Valley. Where there are steep slopes, it is proposed that railing painted in dark green must be provided (about a total of 2.5 km stretch). PWD has already planned works with a project cost of Rs. 2.00 lakhs to be taken up on priority basis for safety and securing the trek path within 2 km stretch of landslide prone area between the VOFNP entrance and the 3 km point at Bamani Dhaur. • • • Paths/Trails • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-224 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • Foliage that covers from both sides about 2/3rd of the already narrow path should be regularly pruned so that full 3 ft. wide path is accessible and visible in case some visitors find themselves lost which is a high possibility when they try to venture within Valley of Flower but beyond Donagair Garh. Bridges The river Pushpawati already has a dark green painted permanent steel truss bridge at 0.9km point after Ghangharia. The deck of this bridge needs repair for which PWD has already planned works with a project cost of Rs. 1.5 lakhs. • Three other strong rivulets - Gushadhar Garh, Dev Mangri Garh and Bistoli Garh require folding bridges. PWD has already planned construction of a new folding bridge on Dev Mangri Garh near 3 km point at Bamani Dhaur with a project cost of Rs. 3 lakhs to be taken up on priority basis. Open Vista Points are proposed to be developed which are clean, have sitting space, give a good look of the landscape, have telescopes & arrangements for digital photography (may be on nominal cost, to be managed by EDC/ local community) with temporary small umbrella cover and have detailed educational/nature interpretation information (with small pictures & accompanying text) on painted MS angle/sheet framed boards. This place can also be used to educate the visitors/groups by guides/nature interpreters on the efforts of the local management (Department of Forests, EDC) to keep the area clean and conservation issues, and the responsibilities/contribution of visitors towards the same. 4 Open Vista Points located at higher elevation/offering good view are proposed in the Valley of Flowers – one at 2 km point (near the small glacier) in 25 sqm spread and two more each in 25 sqm spread in the main valley (these could be at those current locations which have large rock boulders near which normally tourists trample flora to find places for relaxation/use as view points), and one around the Ms. Legge's grave by cleaning the immediate surroundings in a limited way (about 100 sqm) between these rocks and the existing trek path. This cleaned up portion can be laid with dry stone random rubble masonry surface, and fitted with dark green painted precast/welded mild steel benches. Temporary sloped roof structures (2.5 m wide x 4 m long) with steel truss frame and corrugated GI sheet roof/wall with 4 steel benches (2 ft. wide x 5 ft. long) arranged in U-pattern - all painted in dark green (to blend with the environment) and fitted on soil/bridle floor may be provided at every 0.5 km interval starting from the VOFNP entrance gate till the 3 km point only (at Bamani Dhaur) from where the main valley view can be enjoyed without any Vista Points • Rain Shelter-cum-Rest Shed • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-225 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report such visual obstruction. All these structures would be disassembled at the end of tourist season and kept in EDC Store at Ghangharia, and would be reassembled before the next tourist season. Additional set of 2 uncovered benches (2 ft. x 5 ft. size each) painted in dark green is also proposed to be provided along the trek path at an interval of 0.10 km distance after Ghangharia till the 2 km point in Valley of Flowers (as this stretch of path is relatively steeper and to ease the trek such additional amenities are suggested) and to be disassembled after tourist season. As part of capacity building measures train members of EDC / local youth to assist later in disassembling & storing of temporary structures at Ghangharia after the end of tourist season and assembling of the same before the start of the next tourist season. • Toilets • Only one toilet (unisex) for urinal/WC use may be built at the first vista point near the glacier (which is half way through the valley trek) towards the upper hill slope. The siting of this toilet should be done in such a way that it is away from sensitive flora and also not in the way of good view of the Valley. The visitor should be made aware of this in the introductory informatory session. This structure would not be permanent (except its plinth base), would be painted dark green (to blend with the environment) and should be disassembled at the end of tourist season. Refer Chapter 5 on Environmental Management Plan. It will be the responsibility of EDC to maintain the cleanliness of this toilet. The toilet shall have water saver cistern. Chemical toilets/Dry toilets are available in international markets, and may be similar ones can be explored/developed locally too. The effluent should be filtered through pits containing sand, soil and gravel mixed proportionately before it is drained out. The current temporary arrangement sited at good vista points if required should be relocated at the hillside back and not in between the trekpath and valley view. Effluents may not be allowed to drain into rivers or natural ecosystem of the protected area but a system of its purification should be an in-built option. The urine/effluent should be passed through tanks of gravel, sand, and soil (1.5 m long x 1 m wide x 2.5 m deep for individual urinals) provided at various sites. This tank can be covered, however with a provision to clean these whenever necessary. The sand and gravel of this tank has to be serviced, cleaned or replaced on periodical basis. This may add to the cost but it cleans the waste to a large extent and the waste going to streams and soil • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-226 This is a basic facility that has to be provided. The following signages are proposed: • • at each km point (5 boards) to indicate the distance within Valley of Flowers on both sides of the board at river crossings to indicate the name of streams/rivers (1 board each for Gushadhar Garh. Legge's grave (1m x 1m size) made up of MS angles/sheets Small nature interpretation signages (of legible size) that merge with nature along with rare trees and flora on the way is proposed (Assuming 150 boards displayed alternatively as per the bloom cycle of flora at VoF including those at Germplasm Bank/ Demonstration Nursery / Shadow Garden between Ghangharia & VoF Entrance Gate. Signages Signages will form an important part of the visitor experience enhancement and education.3 m size made up of MS angle/sheets). river Pushpawati. EDC and survey of tourists in a test year. Bistoli Garh. each of 0. The Park will function based on “Visitor carries Waste” principle as adopted in many international level National Parks. Board for Landslide prone • • • • • Directional/Locational & Informational signages are proposed with dark green background & white text. Solid Waste Management • No Waste Bins are proposed inside the Park. and Donagair Garh) in Valley of Flowers at Bamani Dhaur Junction to Khunt Khal indicating the trek path bifurcation (including altitude at Bamani Dhaur) in Valley of Flowers at the junction of trek path to indicate locations separately to Ms. Dev Mangri Garh. Legge's grave and to old Helipad Nature Interpretation/Information Board at 3 Open Vista Points in the valley with small pictures & supporting text (1. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-227 .Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report will not pollute the water. • Arrangements for cleaning this toilet should be made so that each tourist at each time gets a clean urinal/toilet. Standard Warning/Information Signage areas/Glacier (6 boards) along trek path. There can be several bacteria/contaminate that can cause havoc if they get mixed with drinking water.45 m x 0.5 m x 2 m size) and 1 board at Vista Point near Ms. while Nature Interpretation signages would be as per the current pattern followed by DoF. Factors like cost of use or maintenance can be worked out with the authorities of VOFNP site. This deposit will be given back to them once they return back and show that they are carrying back the waste. etc. Uttaranchal under the provisions of Wild Life Protection Act. Plastic waste is not incinerated near the Valley. injury to visitors. beverage bottles. electric supply. While. The sanctity of this Hemkunt region should be maintained. as the poisonous gases are harmful and should not be left in the sensitive ecosystem. For all the works inside the VOFNP area. GoI. bags.or as decided by the Department of Forests) may be collected from the visitors who have to declare the plastic items – polythene. The flower is revered and offered for prayers. carried by them. Lakshman that had been revered and visited by local people for long. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-228 .Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • An Eco-Deposit (Rs. some which it may get it done through the assistance of PWD. the permission of Chief Wild Life Warden (CWLW). 6. was discovered in 1934. etc. area). • Other Physical Infrastructure Other than maintaining/laying the paths and temporary rain shelters/toilets. etc. at the VOFNP entrance gate. and any new structure in this area should come up for meeting the infrastructure gaps only and its architecture/design should be appropriate with the climatic conditions. and folding bridges. regularly as per need. where the Sikh’s tenth guru. Water can be collected from nearest stream/garh (strained at the time of collection itself) and be carried manually in canisters and filled up in flat FRP overhead tanks fixed underneath the toilet ceiling.3 Hemkunt Development Plan 6. and telecommunication network is proposed within the park. directional signages.3. The Forest staff on patrol may use its wireless in case of any emergencies (like landslides. no other physical infrastructure like water supply pipelines. 1972 is necessary to be taken up by the Department of Tourism. Guru Govind Singh meditated and realised his oneness with God. the Department of Forests. For details of the work items and costs refer Annexure C. If permitted. can then carry out these works. like the trek path & bridge development work. An annual fair on Nandashtami in August takes place at this location.1 Conservation Plan for the Hemkunt Region Heritage Conservation Hemkunt has an ancient temple dedicated to Lord Rama’s brother. the holy place of Hemkunt Sarovar (a groundnut shaped lake spread across over 8 ha.) to communicate/seek assistance from Ghangharia. 50/. The Brahmakamal flower that grows at high altitudes of the Valley of FlowersHemkunt region needs to be protected. 211 lakhs.3.25 ha) could be developed at Hemkunt area on the land of Forest Department. Landscape Proposals As mentioned earlier. shall be provided. etc. 1. Rebuilding the damaged retaining walls within various stretches of the path from 14-19 km (Project Cost = Rs. it was reported that under a MoU with GMVN and PHHL. This amount is not yet sanctioned. for further high altitude species including Brahmakamal. The pamphlet to be distributed among the tourists will also focus on this temple. Construction of Folding Bridge near 13 km milestone point after Ghangharia settlement over the Lakshman/Hem Ganga (Project Cost = Rs.50 lakhs) is already planned by PWD to be taken up on priority basis. However. etc. etc. public safety area restriction line marked on ground and other appropriate accessories like. At the time of revision of this report. 6. helicopter services of PHHL (US manufactured Bell 407 • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-229 . 1. (PHHL) plans to start helicopter services from Gauchar/Joshimath (subject to permission from government authorities like Army. However. CO2 type fire extinguishers. it was informed that Pawan Hans Helicopters Ltd.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report The Lokpal temple conservation and strengthening including painting and other works is also an important component in the initial years.2 Development Proposals for Ghangharia-Hemkunt Route & Hemkunt Planned Works • Upgradation of Ghangharia-Hemkunt Sahib Trek/Pedestrian Path (14 km to 19 km point) was proposed by the PWD in 2002-2003 for an amount of Rs. At present there is no Helipad at Hemkunt Sahib.00 lakhs) is already planned by PWD to be taken up on priority basis. windsock. A lump sum amount is budgeted for the same. the PHHL team has identified a Helipad site at Hemkunt Sahib during their visit in Oct 2003 and has approached the Government of Uttaranchal to construct the same so that the helicopter services can be started in Sep 2004.) to Hemkunt Sahib. The work item was cleaning and upgradation work over existing stone kharanja path in CC 1:2:4 with an average thickness of 18 cm. a small garden / Germplasm bank site (about 0. and part of conservation measures. which existed much before Hemkunt Sahib was built. the actual dimensions of the Helipad at the time of execution shall be compatible with the type of helicopter put in service. During the study (in 2003). This Helipad size could be of 30 m in diameter with ‘H’ & Landing & Lift-Off Area (LLA) marked in highly reflective paint in the centre of the Helipad. etc. If these Ghangharia passengers would like PHHL to pick them up next day.e. the option is available.20 m thick. width . 2004. so that mule toes don’t get stuck and there is no danger of mule tripping over it) for water to drop and get drained across the trek path to the slower slope. The development proposals for the same are: • • • Common trek path for Mules and Pedestrians in the Ghangharia to Hemkunt Stretch.per passenger for minimum 5 passengers available. Department of Forests may identify land for plantation in lieu of these diverted lands and can get plantation done with involvement of local community members – like Mahila Mandal.100 mm. It shall be ensured that the quality of the materials used for concreting is appropriate as per CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-230 .per head (minimum 5 passengers required). EDC. For cross drainage 2 small culverts (for small seasonal stream lines observed) have been suggested. The Agustmuni to Ghangharia and return helicopter ride is of 35 minutes with a carrying capacity of maximum 5 passengers per ride and air fare worked out on charter as well as per seat basis is Rs. for cross drainage the trek path can act as a drain surface as well. The area affected for diversion of land for trek path expansion and construction of Helipad at Hemkunt is approximately 8500 sqm or 0. The top surface would have engraved grooves in herringbone diagonal / straight pattern with size of each groove pattern as length . 12.000/. Rs.6 m width as far as possible and 9" or 0. While. Widening of Trek path base in Stone Kharanja/Masonry work (6250 m long by average 2 ft. and at regular intervals (approximately 10 cross drainage points per km) it is suggested to make small drops under the trek path portion as cross drainage chamber (1’ wide x 6’ long x 1’3’’ deep) and each chamber covered with three removable RCC slab chamber covers (1’6” wide x 2’ long x 2” thick) with grated openings (openings should be small enough like 1-1/2” dia @ 4” c/c.225 m deep) Pucca CC (1:2:4) trek path upgradation with dimensions 6250 m long x 1. 12.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report helicopters) have been worked out from Agustmuni (located in Rudraprayag District at a distance of 18 km from Rudraprayag on Rudraprayag-Kedarnath route) to Ghangharia since Sep. Trek Path-New Proposals It is proposed that the trek path from Ghangharia till Hemkunt be widened as far as possible (average 6 ft.000/.212 mm.85 ha. wide to accommodate the common path for mules and pedestrian use) as the hill slopes are steep and current alignment of path at many places is almost one over another in a zig-zag pattern. and the charges would be the same i. and width & depth of groove as 12 mm each to provide grip for humans / animals while trekking. Yuvak Mandal. or 0.8 m wide x 0. • Construction of 1.3. so that it does not get damaged easily due to regular use by the pedestrians & mules.8 m x 0. 6.15 m high x 6250 m long MS railing along one side of the trek path and 1. Construction of small culverts (1 m x 0.5 m span) with minor retaining wing/support walls and RCC 1:2:4 slab (1 m x 1. Provision of 3 removable RCC 1:2:4 slab drain chamber covers (1’ wide x 4’ ft long x 11’’ deep) with grated openings as discussed above at approximate regular intervals of 10 such locations per km. • • • • • Note: Wherever the upper hill slope along the trek path side is very steep/almost vertical. GI Wire mesh (24 guage /144 mesh per sqm) bracing to hold hill side slopes up to 4' high along trek path edge (except portion upto 13 km point ahead of Ghangharia).3 Tourist Amenities Amenity Cluster It is proposed to develop amenity clusters at regular intervals to facilitate tourists who are proceeding towards Hemkunt from Ghangharia. The side exterior of this RCC component shall be painted in dark green to blend with the environment.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report design and the concreting work is of the highest quality. The cluster types will have the following mix of amenities: Cluster A • • Snacks/ Fast food centre: 4 in numbers.15 m high x 1000 m long MS railing along both sides of the separate pucca step path to reach Hemkunt – all painted in dark green. Upgradation of two culverts/minor bridges for cross drainage of the larger streams (till one and half km before Hemkunt including the Lakshman / Hem Ganga stream) Construction of Helipad at Hemkunt. with a seating capacity of 15 people each (area of each unit = 20 sqm) A multi purpose room functioning as tourist information desk and first aid centre with paramedics (10 sqm) CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-231 . where the widening of trek path by cutting the slope is difficult.15 m size) for cross drainage from adjacent hill slopes at low-lying areas of the path. there the trek path may be widened with RCC slabs supported on stilts on the down/lower side of hill slope. where water flow quantum may be more leading to accumulation and subsequent flow over the trek path (about 2 small stream lines observed where such small culverts can be provided). if feasible. before its transported down to locations where waste compression equipment units are placed for waste compression and/or to Govind Ghat for incineration/recycling. x 5 ft.5 km.10 km distance after Ghangharia till Hemkunt (as this stretch of path is relatively steeper and to CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-232 . and Cluster C will be near 1 km. with a seating capacity of 15 people each (area of each unit = 20 sqm) Drinking Water Facility (1000 litre low density polythene moulded tank) Shauchalaya with 2 toilets each for men and women on ‘pay & use’ facility (4 m x 3 m) Covered Rest Shed 1 in number (area 15 sqm) with 5 benches (2 ft. size) The trek path between the cluster to be partially covered (3m x 10 m). instead of creating any new space in the Forest/Van Panchayat area by cutting or filling. Snacks/ Fast food centre: 2 in numbers. 4 km.35 km points after Ghangharia settlement towards Hemkunt. 2 km. • Additional set of 2 uncovered benches (2 ft. One large size waste collection pit (dark green painted MS iron cage that can be easily assembled & removed) to be used by EDC cleaning staff to dump the waste collected from trek path/sides & enroute establishments. Drinking Water Facility (500 litre low density polythene moulded tank) Covered Rest Shed 2 numbers (each of area 15 sqm) with 5 benches (2 ft. size) The trek path between the cluster to be partially covered (3m x 15 m). x 5 ft. Cluster B near 2.5 km.75 km points from Ghangharia.5 km – 0. & 5. The availability of any existing suitable land if very close by to a derived location is also considered. Approximately Cluster A will be provided near 1. 3. This would be located at 3 km point only after Ghangharia on Hemkunt route. Cluster B • • • • • Cluster C • • Spatial Spread of Cluster Types The location of the cluster has been decided based on the average trek distance coupled with the steepness of the gradient when a person may feel tired to take rest with smaller clusters located at frequent intervals of 0. x 5 ft. x 5 ft. Covered Rest Shed 1 in number (area 15 sqm) with 5 benches (2 ft.75 km.5 km.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • • • • Shauchalaya with 2 toilets each for men and women on ‘pay & use’ facility (4 m x 3 m). size) in each shed.5 km & 4. size each) is also proposed to be provided along the trek path at an interval of 0. 5. This will be maintained by following temporary sloped roof steel truss structure with corrugated GI sheet roof & wall – all painted in dark green (to blend with the environment). The sand and gravel of these tanks has to be serviced. however with a provision to clean these whenever necessary.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report ease the trek such additional amenities are suggested) and to be disassembled after tourist season. • • • Mule Shed CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-233 .5 km) of these facilities may be made for Hemkunt tourists. Chemical toilets/Dry toilets are available in international markets.5 m wide x 2. cleaned or replaced on periodical basis. and may be similar ones can be explored/developed locally too. These tanks can be covered.5 m deep for individual urinals) provided at various sites. sand.5 m deep at Cluster B. This will be possible as it is to be operated on ‘Pay & Use’ Model. Arrangements for cleaning these urinals should be made so that each tourist at each time gets a clean urinal or toilet. 2 m long x 1.5 m long x 2 m wide x 2. This may add to the cost but it cleans the waste to a large extent and the waste going to streams and soil will not pollute the water. Refer Chapter 5 on Environmental Management Plan.5 m deep at Cluster A. All these structures would be disassembled at the end of tourist season and can be kept in EDC Store at Ghangharia.5 m long x 1 m wide x 2. and would be reassembled before the next tourist season. The urinal waste should not be let off to pollute soil and water. The toilets shall have water saver cisterns. Building Character and Control Regulations All the amenity cluster spaces are proposed to be of temporary structures (except for the small plinth bases for cluster amenities/toilets. It is proposed to maintain a uniform character of the cluster amenities/toilets. and 1. This is a basic facility that has to be provided. The urine should be passed through tanks of gravel. Higher frequency (each at 0. rather it should be cleaned before it reaches ground water/stream. There can be several bacteria/contaminate that can cause havoc if they get mixed with drinking water. wherever necessary). Toilets Enroute • Proper arrangements of toilets (urinals as well as latrines) for both sexes must be arranged at the site in frequent numbers. and soil (2. As part of capacity building measures train members of EDC / local youth to assist later in disassembling & storing of temporary structures at Ghangharia after the end of tourist season and assembling of the same before the start of the next tourist season. The structure of the urinals should be such that these cannot be used as latrines providing least scope for sitting at these sites. Proposed Helipad. These mule sheds shall be made of temporary sloped roof steel truss structure with corrugated GI sheet roof & wall – all painted in dark green (to blend with the environment). One Mule Shed each to park 10 mules at a time to be developed near Cluster B. These mule sheds are proposed to be equipped with facilities like drinking water (a long stone masonry/plastered tub of water parallel to the parking) and fodder for the mules. and would be reassembled before the next tourist season. soil and sand. Hemkunt Sarovar. Mule urine at these sheds/rest places should be collected in pits and cleaned by passing the urine through cleaning tanks containing gravel. All these structures would be disassembled at the end of tourist season and can be kept in EDC Store at Ghangharia. Signages Signages form an important part of tourist facilitation especially on a trekking path. as recommended for human urinals.Hemkunt Sahib Junction after Ghangharia settlement to indicate the trek path bifurcation − at each km point (6 boards) to indicate the distance from Ghangharia to Hemkunt and back on both sides of the board (cost estimates already included as part of total Enroute Development Plan) − at the Hemkunt Sahib complex to indicate the location of Hemkunt Sahib (including the altitude). The proposals for the same include: • • • Mule Stand to accommodate 50 mules at a time to be developed at Hemkunt Sahib One Mule Shed each to park 20 mules at a time to be developed near Cluster A. The proposals for Signages on the Ghangharia-Hemkunt route are: • Standardised Signage Boards: − at Lakshman/Hem Ganga bridge just after Ghangharia to indicate the name of river − at Valley of Flowers .Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Mule shed is one of the important components of the Enroute Development Plan for Hemkunt. Lokpal Temple. This will reduce the risk of urine contaminating water bodies and soil in the area. & Lakshman / Hem Ganga • Standard Eco-Awareness Message Signage displayed at Hemkunt Gurdwara premises CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-234 . These again would be temporary structures with the design as mentioned earlier. based on langar waste could also provide gas for heating/lighting purposes.5 km point after Ghangharia) which may get dark sometimes due to bad weather and after sunset normally at 6. • Corner sidewalls of temporary cluster facilities that are open to view from trek path may also be used for painting/display of information/eco-signages. Telecommunications CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-235 . and 1 request message with 12 text rows) • • Standard Information Signage Board at Lokpal Temple to provide brief history of the temple and Annual fair in August.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report − Punjabi (1 Board each for2 types of messages with 2 text rows. Installing a bio-gas plant as discussed later in the solid waste management section. while Nature Interpretation signages would be as per the current pattern followed by DoF. which consumes about 100 litres of diesel in 2 days (i. EDC/Mahila Mandal/Forest Dept. Warning Signages indicating risks on the way like landslide/ avalanches prone areas. and 1 request message with 12 text rows) − Hindi (1 Board each for2 types of messages with 2 text rows. Small nature interpretation signages along with rare trees and flora from Ghangharia to Hemkunt (assuming 50 boards) and at Hemkunt (assuming 50 boards displayed alternatively as per the bloom cycle of flora) each of 0. complete with piped water supply head and turbine. Directional/Locational & Informational signages are proposed with dark green background & white text.e. etc. and 1 request message with 12 text rows) − English (1 Board each for2 types of messages with 2 text rows.45 m x 0. (cost estimates already included as part of total Enroute Development Plan). It is proposed to provide Street lighting from the junction of route to Valley of Flowers / Hemkunt Sahib till next 1. The Trust has also made arrangements for a diesel generator to meet the electricity requirements for the cold environment. Electric Supply The Gurdwara Sri Hemkunt Sahib Management Trust runs its own micro-hydel power generation system of 15 KW capacity.5 km cluster of facilities on the Hemkunt route to facilitate safe return of visitors in this last stretch (13 km to 14. staff on cleaning/patrolling duty or Gurdwara Sevadars should switch off these lights once the visibility improves or after 7.00 pm.3 m size made up of MS angle/sheets. it adds to minor air pollution but is expected to be absorbed by the nature’s vastness in the area).00 pm by which hour it is expected that all pilgrims/trekkers would have returned to Ghangharia. Wireless connectivity to EDC members & Gurdwara Managers. should not spill. these would not be as airy.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • • One PCO/STD/ISD booth at Hemkunt Sahib Complex connected to Satellite Telephone Exchange of Ghangharia. Proper sewage disposal system through soak pit. These toilets should be properly/hygienically maintained by the Gurdwara Trust. Also • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-236 . It is recommended that: • • • Very evident and attractive turntable solid waste collection bins be placed at different points from Ghangharia to Hemkunt (@ 100 m interval). One Satellite Telephone PCO/STD/ISD booth to be provided at 3 km point (at one of the Amenity Cluster A) between Hemkunt Sahib and Ghangharia for emergency needs. and neither should weather out in a season (plastic cages were not recommended due to the reason of these getting brittle in sun and may get damaged early. 1 solid waste compression equipment unit be placed at Hemkunt for compressing the non-biodegradable waste generated at Hemkunt. etc. Separate Community Toilet (Pay & Use) to be provided for mule operators/porters/palki carriers at Hemkunt Sahib complex. unlike the conditions of present toilets. Upgradation of Toilets/Bathrooms/Change Rooms at Hemkunt Sahib complex with a new Shauchalaya of 5 toilets each for men and women. Compressed plastic waste is transported down and used for incineration at Govind Ghat incinerator (existing proposal)/reprocessing by recycling of any excess load. at Hemkunt Sahib for Kitchen/Langar wash waste which currently falls into Lakshman /Hem Ganga stream.. These cages should be airy. and would be susceptible to fire as discussed in Chapter 5 on Environment Management Plan). Waste collection area to be managed more scientifically with arrangements for stacking the compressed bags (large Iron Cage pits that can easily contain some 50 or more compressed sacks) and in no case these should be stacked near the Sarovar or streams. Contracts for purchase of this waste for recycling could be given so that government cost of collection and transportation can be reduced. Sewage & Toilets at Hemkunt • • • Solid Waste Management A main concern in the region is on how to manage collection and disposal of biodegradable and non bio-degradable waste. Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report sacks if in good condition. Remuneration to mule owners for collecting and supplying at collection centres is given. it will be economical as the waste can be decomposed in a planned way and the produce can be sold as fertilisers to the nearby farmers or utilised by the Department of Forests in its activities.per sack is offered. should be re-used for collection and transportation of waste. also each collector may be given less than 1 km (may be 0. Vermi-composting at colder climate may be a problem. The commission per bag should be increased substantially to Rs 15/. 10/. They can collect mule waste and can carry the same on their mules. These mule excreta are collected at several sites particularly near villages. mule owners about conversion of this waste to fertilisers. and where fertilisers can be provided in the new proposed Ghangharia Education/Training Centre/EDC Store. Mule owners are educated about collection of excreta and its conversion. Appropriate worms and technology may have to be adapted. Even if a remuneration of Rs 10/. the Department of Forests/EDC etc.per sack for non bio-degradable compressed waste and Rs. Separate coloured/marked sacks can be provided to the collectors. collectors. Education is provided to locals. and use of fertilisers for agriculture. Special arrangements may be made at Hemkunt site to collect the kitchen (Langar) waste and decomposed in a biogas plant. authorities may consider the following: Increasing the wages as per minimum rate as applicable in the State or as decided by the local management. Institutional arrangements may have to be made to achieve this. like Hemkunt route. With same wages as given for 1 km. Increasing the number of persons per km range. Vermi-composting is practised at collection sites so that the excreta can be converted into manure. • Better incentives be given to the waste collectors. One demonstration can be planned at Ghangharia by the officials. Remuneration will be an incentive. and can deposit if educated. It should be one person for every quarter of km in the sensitive and busy areas. This waste when plenty • • • • • • • • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-237 .per sack for mule excreta waste (to be decided by EDC and local management under the advice of DoF) Mule excreta are also collected in sacks by the sweepers as mule organic matter. However.750 km each person). 4. establishment owners. mule operators. Areas planned for mule rest should be developed in such a manner that they can be easily cleaned/drained and maintained hygienically. Mules currently stand/rest in the area. but also towards the environment protection and conservation issues. Their diet must include sufficient fiber. Statistics show that even in the leanest season (September 2003) about 62000 pilgrims have visited Hemkunt at an average of 2100 per day eating one meal at Hemkunt.1 Capacity Building • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-238 . These centres should have facilities (modern) for educating the tourists in terms of not only the history. Chunakhan (Ramnagar) run by the Department of Forests. sand or as recommended for such cleaning. This will avoid any unmanaged grazing and could give good diet to the mule. • When this waste is in small quantities. particularly at trained urinating spots/mule rest areas be collected in pits and cleaned by passing the urine through cleaning tanks containing gravel. Sick mule should not be allowed to ply in the area. Mule urine. Initially a batch of local community members can be trained at Center for Eco-tourism and Sustainable Livelihoods. These centres should have organised training where scientific information is provided in simpler language and resources be provided for continuous education and training to local community members. while the numbers in the peak season was 5400 persons/day (June 2003). This will reduce the risk of urine contaminating water bodies and soil in the area. Health check of mules should be mandatory. This may provide sufficient raw material for biogas plant based on waste food.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report can be converted in a biogas plant. This gas can be used for heating/lighting purposes. Currently most of this waste is let to rot or pushed down the valley and that mixes with water stream at Hemkunt.4 • Management/ Institutional Measures It is very essential to develop education/information centres that are run by locals. greens and should be balanced. Health of Animals • • • • • 6. which gets full of their urine and filth. The centres should prepare the training in such a manner that it should become an attraction (slide & 6. flora and fauna. etc. it is converted into manure by Vermicomposting. Mahila Mandals. Arrangement to grow green fodder and provision of the same at Ghangharia and Govind Ghat should be made. if any. This certificate in the form of a badge/ID-card should be displayed by all trained staff. Do’s & Don’ts. guides. Also to fund/sustain the EDC resources. Farmers Rights and Plant Varieties Act. Special trainings can be organised from time to time so that the motivation levels for eco-tourism (i. Pollution norms. the government in mutual discussion with various departments & stakeholders shall levy a nominal ecofee per head payable by all the tourists as discussed in Chapter 8. volunteers. and will get benefited by becoming a recipient for updated information on Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Region through a computerised database and an interactive website where brochures/guide maps/e-postcards etc. shops. environmental conservation. 5/for the slide and video shows. for maintaining temporary building structures • • • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-239 . updating the information and keeping the target groups appraised about recent developments. Souvenir flowers/caps/T-shirts/win-cheaters with Valley of Flowers logo. Provisions could be made for revocation of the registration of those staff. Photograph posters & with frames. • The trained staff should carry special certificates so that tourists can appreciate that the staff and guides are well trained in modern tourism-cumenvironmental issues. Enhanced revenues can help pay better wages to cleaning staff. Monitory fines should be imposed on those who do not heed to the ecoguidelines or notices of the EDC and Department of Forests. can be accessed. benefits or incentives. hiring local community staff for eco-patrolling or giving power to Mahila Mandals for the same till the Bhyundar stretch. new norms.) to visit and get trained and not a compulsion to visit these centres. Training modules should be prepared by DoF on a pilot basis and these modules should be available for NGOs / EDC / Mahila Mandal or others so that they can impart training to others. etc. A proper curriculum of training should be developed that has contributions from experts so that even trivial issues have a support of state of art information such as Biodiversity Act. establishments who do not comply with the eco-guidelines. establishment owners. The tourists in turn would get eco-guides and other support staff that have an "Eco-tourist trained staff" certificate. These modules should also be available at nearby institutions of formal education. Picture Post Cards. etc. etc. But those who visit this centre will become member of “Friend of Valley of Flowers” programme (which had earlier started) after paying the nominal fee of Rs.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report video shows of bio-diversity. complying with principles of eco-tourism).e. etc. biodiversity management. The environmental consequences of traditional firewood and grazing grass/fodder collection will be addressed as a priority. smoke-less stoves. solid waste management. Need to harness energy potential of waterfalls. equipments.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report and facilities. for undertaking trainings. Involvement of scientists and researchers for finding out the causes of depletion of any particular species and means of their conservation. Listing and site mapping of all the threatened bio resources of the Valley of Flowers National Park. and maintaining stores to keep dismantled temporary structures. Resource Inventory and annual census works − The technical staff and researchers from technical institutes will be engaged for a project for surveying the valley and inventorying the natural resources and the staff will give training and technical support for the field level staff. • • • • • • • • • • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-240 . • Department of Forests officers/staff should have state of art education in all the parameters listed above (Pollution management. Need to look for other sources of household fuel source. etc. streams etc. etc. Good participatory documentation of the results of growing and marketing.) The management of habitat and associated fauna must be integrated into an adaptive management approach that takes into account research and monitoring results as they become available during the life of the Plan. street lights. Research and Monitoring: The information regarding plant communities like Taxus baccata (for cancer medication). There is a need to allocate money for research in the region. this could be packaged for multilateral or government funding. etc. animal health etc. Collection of seeds/ plants from the wild and efforts for their growth in the nurseries and their re-plantation in the suitable habitats. Onsite documentation of reasons for their depletion. solar heaters. qualitative and regeneration terms. and training programmes on usage of these. of restricted occurrence need to be better understood and documented in spatial. Preparation of site specific plans in local language using simple technology so that the field workers can understand and implement the plan. conservation management. & use as training centre/disaster relief centre.solar cookers. trekking shoes. − Creation of demonstration plots at public places so that people can be made aware about the issue of census work and people’s co-operation can be sought. As VOFNP is situated at a high altitude zone. High altitude gears and necessary equipments like high power torch/ tents/ sleeping bags.4. rucksacks. The resource documentation format and methodology will be developed in a workshop involving specialists. Van Panchayat/Gram Sabha/Mahila Mandal meetings. forest staff/guards should be provided with ration and high calorie food (like dry fruits) as well. tents. will be required. computers and statistical software will be required. snowgoggle etc. rucksacks. They need to be provided with sleeping bags. Department of Forests/NGOs’ can conduct discussions in EDC meetings. cameras etc. trek shoes. − The findings of census records will be discussed in public workshops so that people who have some other information of any other occurrence can be known. discussions in local schools. Department of Forests may need to increase the patrolling staff. proper high altitude gear needs to be supplied to the field staff so that they can patrol the remote areas with extremities of weather. wind/water proof jackets or parka coats. etc. Strict watch and ward involving local youths in the patrolling duties in noncore zones • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-241 .Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report − Appropriate census equipments will be bought and training given to the staff and local EDC members. etc. Whether this high altitude patrolling is a short range (spread over 4-5 days) or long range patrolling (spread over 10-12 days of trekking).2 Monitoring • Patrolling forms a regular feature of the management. arms are essential item for protection patrolling. − Specialised equipments like light and powerful field glasses. as mentioned earlier. wind/rain proof jackets/ parka coats. This will create in them the feeling of involvement and inculcate a sense of owning the responsibility among the local people. officials from Department of Forests. snow goggle. In the patrolling activity required in the non-core zones local community/Mahila Mandal/EDC members will also be associated and they will be given remuneration on daily work basis. local people. 6. − To enhance the knowledge/general perception of the local community members about the threatened species & their importance in the ecosystems. Also for analysing the data. Decentralised training camps on various kinds of Forests and Wildlife laws will be arranged throughout the year. etc. • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-242 .3 Sensitisation of Tourists & Visitor Information Service Sensitisation of Tourists and Stakeholders • Sensitisation-cum-training workshops will be held at the start of the tourist season (from the month of June) at division level and in the regional level. The few current ones have some partial commercial business or other to be attended as well. scientists. at Ghangharia or Govind Ghat and many trained guides are available at present. Also. Growing of medicinal plants in the fallow/ low yield agricultural lands − Full documentation of each available medicinal herb its present status in the park. • • • Based on monitoring. which falls in the transition/buffer zone to reduce conflict with animals especially in the nights. In these workshops mule owners/ porters/ palki carriers/transporters/ Hotel and lodge owners/ Restaurant and shopkeepers will be involved so that they can be properly apprised with the law and be motivated to guide the tourist. 6. its market value and means of marketing involving the locals. individuals who take initiatives on their own for environmental protection and conservation in general as well as for saving threatened flora / fauna should be recognised and rewarded through some special prize/incentives. Village biodiversity register: In consultation with the local EDC. traditional ecological information about local flora and fauna will be recorded in the village biodiversity register and disseminated in accordance with intellectual and cultural property protocols. The Department of Forests may also engage local youths to ensure accurate collection and storage of traditional ecological knowledge. Many more personnel from the local host community need to be trained for nature interpretation services / guide work. Importance will also be given to create awareness among the local settlement. its suitability of growing in the settlement area. those if found flouting the eco-rules whether tourists or local individuals should be penalised by imposing a fine for a tourist or revoking the registration license of the concerned local establishment/ individual. etc.4. These stakeholders should be randomly checked for their diligence/negligence over co-operation on such issues and rewarded/fined as necessary.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • • Institutional mechanism to be developed within the village community to self-monitor and not to misuse the power of patrolling vested with them. the visitor will be provided with an indicative map of the Valley aiding them to explore and experience the same in a better way. newer species of flora and fauna if sighted. In addition to the training. Thus this is an important component. Although there are efforts to initiate this activity through various means as listed below. etc. visitors who were recognised as “eco-tourists” due to their contribution in keeping the path clean and bringing back the waste. o The local organisations have been sensitised and educated. conservation issues. Later on a regular basis it can update them on newer happenings in the valley. • Environmental Awareness • A 5-minute awareness training will be conducted to all the visitors to the Valley of Flowers at the entry point. It is proposed that a Television and VCR be made available at the Information Centre. statewise and nation-wise break-up of visitor profile.Hemkunt region and shown to interested tourists for which a separate fee will be charged. the displays are not aesthetically good). Educational Component • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-243 . favourable climate. e-postcards. Even when the tourist visits as a pilgrim and not an eco-tourist. The second objective is to make the tourists aware of their responsibilities towards protection of the area and waste. contributors to conservation. The “Friends of Valley of Flowers” programme can keep a computerised database of all those who visit Valley of Flowers after a compulsory Nature Interpretation Program. One will be to create awareness about the biodiversity and the spatial spread within the Valley.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • • Trainings and capacity building of the beneficiaries. he or she is mentally ready to imbibe information when exposed. pictures of beautiful landscape with different flowers as per specie specific bloom periods. better bloom. throughout the bloom season every year on web. the efforts are casual and not in a structured way. It is a principal of eco-tourism that there has to be good support educational material for the eco-tourist. facts on monthly & total visitors to valley. A 30-minute documentary movie is proposed to be built on the Valley of Flowers. much more need to be undertaken: o Camps of NCC or other organisations where not only the cadets have been educated but they in turn have tried to educate others (However. The objectives of this training will be two fold. The products can be supplemented with CDs. As mentioned in Chapter 7. Department of Forests has listed the names of the species that occur in the area. EDC members / Local Community or GSHSMT Volunteers. At this nature interpretation centre regular (30 minute) slide shows on Valley of Flowers and wild life is held in the evening hours (from 6:00 pm – 7:30 pm) throughout the 4-months of tourist season. and Filmstrips not of pictures only but information generated on scientific lines and for all target audiences such as schools. The number of slide show/documentary film show and its timings may be appropriately decided for enhanced coverage of visitors. CDs and other forms of visual information will enhance the tourist activity as well as help in conservation). with booklets and pictures for commercial sale. amateurs. • • Valley of Flowers Information Centre at Ghangharia • Eco-Awareness/Education at Govind Dham & Hemkunt Sahib Gurdwara CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-244 . slide shows.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report o Guides have been trained and sensitised (Yet published information. colleges. displays. • A good garden/nursery has to be having an educational component. so that there is always someone ready to answer questions of the visitors and the centre should be open throughout the day time. The brochures. Though the names have been shown with the plants at the current small demonstration garden near the VoF entrance. it should be ensured that this centre is staffed by Forest Ranger’s staff. One fully equipped nature interpretation-cum-information centre at Ghangharia is available in the Forest Rest House complex. o There are displays of list of plants at the entrance of the valley displayed prominently. however these may be displayed more aesthetically. its is recommended to provide a complete booklet that gives information about the plants. traditional uses and other information associated with the plants. this building should be supported by another temporary sloped roof structure of 20 sqm area for information provision / nature interpretation & orientation purposes. CDs and other forms of educational material should cover as much information as possible. including the controversial issues like that of control of dominating species like Polygonum polystachyum. Floppies. Impatiens sulcata. This is cardinal to the concept of eco-tourism. possible use. conservation status and efforts made by the Authority to conserve. etc. salient features. Also. entrepreneurs and professionals. multiply and promote the concerned plants. A. The Gurdwara premises should also prominently display the Do’s and Don’ts about cleanliness and environmental conservation issues. facilitate tourist. DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS AT BASE SETTLEMENTS The previous chapter outlined the development plan for Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt. to be followed by Gurdwara staff as well as the visitors. and put regulations in place for facilities & services. regularise development under Forest (Conservation) Act. is the result of a haphazard development and is basically an encroachment. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-245 . This Chapter details the development plan proposals for the base settlements of Ghangharia and Govind Ghat with respect to eco-tourism requirements.1. The thrust of Ghangharia development plan is to conserve environment. TOURIST INFRASTRUCTURE 7. 7. Refer Annexure B for ecoawareness slogan signages and Gurdwara Announcement.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • After each ardas (prayer) the Manager & Granthi of the Gurdwara should take the responsibility to announce a special request (Vinti) to all the visitors about the cleanliness and environmental conservation issues in this eco-sensitive region. Refer Annexure C for the details of work items and costs. 7. 1980.1 Development Plan for Ghangharia Ghangharia as is today. Refer Chapter 11 for Nature Interpreter / Guide Training Program etc and Chapter 12 for other Measures including Marketing Strategy.1 Accommodation Key Issues The key issues concerning accommodation in and around Ghangharia are: • • • Absence of quality accommodation Shortage of number of beds of accommodation available at Ghangharia for tourists in the peak months Limited booking facility available prior to travel. Visitor Management System etc. Targeted to be completed by next season in 2004) Ghangharia has limited additional land (which is relatively flat and devoid of much vegetation) with very little scope for new development. the space carrying capacity is limited as high-rise kind of development is not envisaged in this area due to the environment sensitivity. better Space Carrying Capacity • • • • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-246 . The constraints for development of more accommodation lie in the following: • Land Use and Land Ownership pattern results in unavailability of land. • • • Recommendations Planned Works • GMVN Proposal: Construction of 2 Huts at Ghangharia TRH (Project cost . However. Space Carrying Capacity Limitations Forest land nearby Permanent construction activities not permitted in the region. Most of the land is currently disputed. Stay time statistics are different than those for Hemkunt and Valley of Flowers. procurement of supplies.e.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Needs & Constraints The peak months in the 4-month season see large shortage in terms of no.00 lakhs. Amount sanctioned. This is a sensitive area because of the following reasons: Limited area that cannot be expanded Thick surrounding vegetation Higher intensity of tourists using as a base camp at a single time putting high pressure on the accommodation It has higher transactions in terms of purchases. Project Status . the character of the region and as per the rules of Forest (Conservation) Act. whether is under owner ship of Department of Forests/ Van Panchayat/ Department of Revenue. Most of the existing structures/plots are considered encroachments. 1980. with a peak season average of 10. 15. which have been surveyed (in 2002) by Department of Revenue and a draft base revenue map has been prepared.under construction / on-hold due to Department of Forests objection. With less than 3 ha available at the site near Ghangharia.000 people at the place. i. and was due for regularisation during the study (in 2003). common entrance for both Hemkunt and Valley of Flowers.Rs. of beds available. temporary tented resorts after the Ghangharia settlement in current vacant lands on the side of trek path on land rented every season/short-term leased from Forest Dept. which were cut from the list for regularisation) along with the vacant government land for provision of essential services to tourists and service providers like for community toilets. which could be brought under new construction owing to the forest land.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report management and regularisation needs to be followed. Development of 6 .13 ha. The tourists staying in these tented resorts would have to avail the existing food/restaurant facilities available at Ghangharia only. cheap dormitory for labour. Mule Sheds. spread over approx.638 ha is under consideration for regularisation). • • New Proposals The proposals for accommodation at Ghangharia are: • Since there is acute shortage of new land. and stored by the local community owner at its own premises either at Bhyundar / Pulna. These tents shall be assembled before every tourist season and disassembled at the end of tourist season. The land at Ghangharia is proposed - - - • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-247 .temporary tented resorts before end of Kanjila in current vacant lands on the side of trek path on land rented every season / short-term leased from Van Panchayat spread over approx. there is a thrust at accommodation facility. Prior booking facility made available through VMS proposed so that the intensity can be spread across the 4-month tourist season. 0. etc. Hence the following measures are taken: • No new land is proposed to be brought under construction or new development (2.). EDC Store-sum-Education Centre-cum-Disaster Relief Shelter. and regularisation issues. Any pressure on this area will tell upon other sites and reduce carrying capacity of other sites.25 ha land .catering to 60 beds capacity in 30 tents and 2 tents for 4 staff in each resort. sensitive ecology. Veterinary Clinic. Land pooling is proposed (ten temporary plots amounting to 0. during the tourist season as below: Development of 2 . all these with attached toilet tents. all these with attached toilet tents.801 ha of land is already occupied of which 2. Medical Clinic. which are detailed below. 0.75 ha land catering to 180 beds capacity in 90 tents and 2 tents for 4 staff in each resort. In view of this only temporary tented accommodation is proposed at two spots at Ghangharia. Regularise and manage the existing land under development through various mechanisms. like Taxus baccata etc. Infrastructure availability to these hotels/ lodges is a main issue presently. and EDC representatives will take decisions on such matters.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report to remain under Forest Ownership/Van Panchayat/Department of Revenue (once owner ship issue is resolved or if it remains under pooled ownership) and the tented resorts are proposed to be leased to private entrepreneurs from the local community. DoT. wherever necessary). • • Any development proposal needs multiple approvals and hence a committee constituting DFO. to tourists. facilities offered and the per tourist space. Hotels/ lodges need to be graded based on the standard of accommodation. in Ghangharia is proposed. All the new amenity spaces are proposed to be of temporary structures (except for the small plinth bases for these amenities/toilets. Once the power supply through grid is in place. land pooling and redevelopment will be considered for further development without cutting any more trees. should have sloped roofs and the height of the structure shall not go beyond 2-storey high (G+1). blowers. The seasonal rentals (maximum) will be fixed as per grade (grade/categories defined by Department of Tourism) of hotel/ lodge. this needs to be a community driven activity and adequate permissions need to be taken for the same including from the Department of Forests in conjunction with Department of Tourism and Department of Revenue (Patwari). Patwari. • Regularisation of Accommodation for Standardisation: There is a need for regularisation of accommodation facilities. etc. better laundry. No new land is proposed to be brought under new physical construction. Van Panchayat representatives. new or refurbished. This will be maintained by following temporary sloped roof steel truss structure with corrugated GI sheet roof & wall – all painted in dark green (to blend with the environment). This development is expected to bring in sufficient economic gains to the community in view of the high spending capacity of most tourists. Hence. Development Control Regulations: Based on the character of the region and its environmental sensitivity. However. it is proposed that any construction. It is also proposed that there be checks at the CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-248 . It is proposed to maintain a uniform character of the new amenities/toilets. To meet additional requirements some Forest Land after Ghangharia and some Van Panchayat Land at Kanjila may be rented per day or per season/leased for short term only for temporary tented resort accommodation as mentioned above. • A complete ban on use of wood of sensitive trees. the hotels are expected to offer more facilities like heaters. booking facility for hotels/ lodges is proposed to be made available. 7. • • 7. There is no order owing to the haphazard development here. quality standards and prices spread across Ghangharia. rainproof items and souvenirs.1. • As proposed in Chapter 12 on Visitor Management System.3 Commercial Establishments Key Issues The shops/ stalls predominantly sell woollen. The solid waste is to be stored in a waste container in a way easy for the EDC sweepers to carry it to the disposal site. Department of Health may assist in certifying / monitoring the quality of food and overall hygiene of the services. identity of shops etc. A character shift is proposed for these shops with overhanging roofs on steel trusses. This will include monitoring of inputs. wastewater and solid waste management of the shops. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-249 . Regularisation of these stalls. and fixing prices as per grades. time frames and processes. outputs. Recommendations The recommendations for the refreshment stalls are: • Quality Assurance: Quality monitoring at the various refreshment stalls by means of community based monitoring is proposed to be implemented. services or prices. Note: Regularisation of shops and hotels/lodges. Recommendations The recommendations are: • • Regularisation of shops to be completed by defining the numbers. It is proposed that the stalls collect all the organic waste and deposit it at the pit for the same provided at Ghangharia. The EDC will audit and monitor the water usage. 1980.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report beginning of every season for any unauthorised construction carried out during the off-season. There is no quality check on any of these in terms of quality of food.2 Refreshment Stalls Key Issues There are a large number of refreshment stalls of varying sizes. Department of Revenue is in the process of finalisation of revenue map. which have come up in the last few years is underway under the provisions of the Forest (Conservation) Act.1. 240/. photo post cards. The EDC will inspect the shops in a season and give incentives in the form of awards to ‘Eco-friendly shops’. 10/. brochures. the Valley of Flowers Information Centre should be upgraded with another similar building (about 20 sqm size) made of temporary sloped roof structure added to facilitate display and sale of Historical Information on Valley of Flowers. 250/. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-250 . It will also help the visitors/ tourists in familiarising with the Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt. etc. and any penalty charges in built for loss/damage. The slide projection facility needs upgradation with stand by arrangement and facility for film projection for short documentaries too need to be added.while Rs. The EDC will monitor the solid waste management of the shops. Also. As discussed in the environmental management plan section. selling of cheap plastic raincoats is proposed to be banned in the project region. the rates of items sold will be regularised across the classes of the shops. Souvenirs with Valley of Flowers logo – Caps/Tshirts/Win-cheaters/desk-calendars. Recommendations It is proposed that a tourist information service desk be opened at the GMVN TRH at Ghangharia.at Ghangharia too for those going to Hemkunt (in addition to Govind Ghat). Large Photo prints/with frames.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • • Each season.1. • • It is advised that the local trade community along with the local management may work out the actual amount of security deposits based on the procurement costs. good quality raincoats may be made available on rent with a fixed deposit payment of Rs. the raincoats should be specially engraved with Valley of Flowers – Hemkunt logo in front and EcoDevelopment Committee – Bhyundar or Govind Ghat at the back. distances and means to reach there. apart from utilised as an interpretation & orientation centre. This information centre made of temporary sloped roof structure would have an area of 20 sqm and will provide information on the nearby tourist spots (refer Section 8. On return the tourist can claim a refund of Rs.4 Information Services Key Issues Currently there is no information services available except for the not so known slide show on Valley of Flowers conducted at Valley of Flowers Information Centre. service charges. The Gurdwara acts as the nodal point for the religious tourists. Instead.6 of Chapter 8 on Development Plan for Facilities Enroute). This centre will also co-ordinate with the local guides. To discourage any tendency of not returning the rain coats. 7. at the time of implementation of the above proposals.would be deducted as rent/service charge for cleaning and keeping it ready for re-use. The solid waste is to be stored in a waste container in a way easy for the EDC sweepers to carry it to the disposal site.5 & 8. wide x 5 ft. The location will give good view of the mountains. This is proposed to be positioned as a Germplasm Bank of Endangered Species of VoF (as suggested by Chief Wildlife Warden. trek paths. Recommendations Refer Chapter 6 to see the proposal on the Shadow Garden/ Demonstration Nursery near Ghangharia as part of development plan for the region.1. Some tourists reach Ghangharia in the evening for an early morning visit to Hemkunt and early return back home. This is to be disassembled after the tourist season is over and can be stored in the EDC store proposed at Ghangharia.all painted in dark green and fitted on plinth base. This will also form base for environment discussions and nature interpretations.5 m height at the centre) with steel truss frame and corrugated GI sheet roof with 12 steel benches (2 ft. The details of the same are: • • 2 covered relaxation decks of area 25 sqm each are proposed to be developed. Uttaranchal or be known by any other name by DoF as felt appropriate) Development of Landscaped Recreation Plaza There is a waterfall that is formed due the 14 m deep fall of the Lakshman / Hem Ganga stream on the way from Ghangharia to the bifurcation point of Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt routes. These relaxation decks/ plaza are proposed to be well maintained. Relaxation decks are proposed with a small landscaped plaza around. • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-251 . long) with railing on each deck . kept clean. wide x 5 ft.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 7. which has potential to become a secondary tourist attraction. long) with MS/GI railing along the deck for safety. Ghangharia and the beautiful waterfall. In both the cases the tourists who stay at Ghangharia have no relaxation venues here. The structure of this recreational deck/area will be temporary in nature with sloped roof structures (3. have total sitting space of 24 benches (2 ft.5 Recreation Facilities Key Issues Majority of tourists who go to Hemkunt return to Ghangharia before dusk and they return to Govind Ghat the next morning only. The transition from deck to nature will be made smooth with ample landscaping at the interface of the two developing it as a totally landscaped plaza. map of Ghangharia showing main hotels. location. Signages will form an important part of the visitor experience enhancement and education.1. Gurdwara etc. two additional Cloak Room of 25 sqm each is proposed to be developed at Ghangharia & Kanjila for the tourists who do not wish to carry their luggage during the trek. In addition to the above tourist amenities. The signages proposed at Ghangharia would have information on altitude. etc.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • • Presentation of Folk Culture The following activities shall be promoted for tourists to get acquainted with the local culture and take back rich cultural memories: The works of art.6 Other Tourist Facilitation • • − Punjabi (1 Board each for 2 types of messages with 2 text rows. 7. • Colour pamphlets/brochures can be procured at Govind Ghat / Checkpost / Nature Interpretation Centre at Ghangharia will provide information on flora and fauna that may be observed around the settlement.7 Tourist Safety It is proposed that a small Police Chowki with sufficient personnel/logistics be stationed at Ghangharia in view of the sudden influx of tourists during the four months of tourist season. information centre. while Nature Interpretation signages would be as per the current pattern followed by DoF. The building would be a dark green painted temporary tin slope roof structure. and 1 request message with 12 text rows) Directional/Locational & Informational signages are proposed with dark green background & white text.1. This building of about 50 sqm area will also have similar temporary natured structure & building regulations as proposed for other structures mentioned earlier. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-252 . and 1 request message with 12 text rows) − Hindi (1 Board each for 2 types of messages with 2 text rows. map of route to Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt Sahib. and 1 request message with 12 text rows) − English (1 Board each for 2 types of messages with 2 text rows. Also Standard Eco-Awareness Message Signage can be displayed at Govind Dham Gurdwara premises 7. souvenirs should be presented/displayed for sale in various shops/establishments including at Nature Interpretation Centre in FRH Complex and GMVN TRH. handicrafts. etc. Fodder and Food 7.8 Health Care Facility Key Issues Government Dispensary at Ghangharia has a doctor’s cabin. Fodder should be made available at the mule sheds at a reasonable cost.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 7. palki or dandi carriers and EDC cleaning staff. Recommendations It is recommended that: • Proper Mule Sheds made of temporary sloped roof structures be built to station at least 200 mules at a time.9 Mule Sheds. Arrangements Key Issues The present condition of the mule rest in area/shed at Ghangharia is very bad.1. B. Cheap dormitory accommodation made of temporary sloped roof structures (to provide stay at night for 150 persons) should also be built for the mule operators. Recommendations It is recommended that a proper First Aid Centre-cum-small Trauma Care Clinic equipped with essential instruments with treatment area spread over 50 sqm be developed at Ghangharia. This is detrimental to the health of the mules as well and gives a bad image of the place at the entry/exit of Ghangharia settlement. • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-253 . and Mule Waste collection and disposal infrastructure. SUPPORT INFRASTRUCTURE Cheap accommodation. which is very small (basically a tin shed provided by Govind Dham Gurdwara along its boundary wall) and is not equipped with proper treatment facilities. This improved facility is to be housed in a temporary sloped roof building and can move down to Pulna during the off-season to benefit the local village community. Even the mule operators and other labourers live in very pathetic conditions. porters.1. These mule sheds will have parallel running drinking pits and waste cleaning pits at the back. This health centre will also sell essential medicine kits for those who wish to carry it for their trekking and will include 4 beds for nursing the patients. Construct pay & use toilet facility made of temporary sloped roof structures for these labourers. Department of Health shall assist in setting up the same. 10 Veterinary Clinic Key Issues Though around 800-1000 mules operate in the region during the peak season.1. The top surface would have engraved grooves in herringbone diagonal / straight pattern with size of each groove pattern as length .212 mm. as observed. It shall be ensured that the quality of the materials used for concreting is appropriate as per design and the concreting work is of the highest quality. and width & depth of groove as 12 mm each. PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE 7. the infrastructure services like water supply is proposed to be laid parallel to the paths independently for usage on both the sides of the path without crossing the drain. Whatever maintenance had been reported as undertaken regarding upgradation of paths with CC surface in past had been damaged significantly. so that it does not get damaged easily due to regular use by the pedestrians & mules. At Ghangharia settlement. Recommendations • It is proposed that the paths be upgraded by laying CC 1:2:4 over stone kharanja (RR masonry) as part of the overall trek path upgradation proposals (250 m long x 3 m wide x 0.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 7. while the storm water drain (1’ wide x 1’3” deep x 250 m long) is proposed to be constructed in the centre of the path covered with removable RCC 1:2:4 slab drain covers • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-254 . to provide grip for humans / animals while trekking.100 mm.1. width .20 m thick) in the Ghangharia settlement over the existing path surface with a lateral mild slope in path surface towards centre so that storm water drains out from the drain running along the centre of the path.11 Pathways / Other Accessibility Key Issues In Ghangharia market also. C. there is no facility presently available for the treatment of mules/live stock. the trek pathways are in bad condition without any recent maintenance and the water service lines criss-crossing the road with mule dung all over. it is recommended that a small veterinary clinic made of temporary sloped roof structures spread over 25 sqm be opened at Ghangharia for treating emergency cases especially on return from the steep and difficult Hemkunt trip. Recommendations Though the main veterinary clinic is proposed at Govind Ghat. etc.000/. If these Ghangharia passengers would like PHHL to pick them up next day. • Planned Works • • Further plans are reported to be underway to start air services from Gauchar where an airstrip already exists. • Before the start of the season. Since. maintenance measures are required to strengthen the condition of the road and for better visitor safety and hygiene.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report (each 1’6” wide x 2’ long x 2” thick) with grated openings (openings should be small enough like 1-1/2” dia @ 4” c/c. and other appropriate accessories like. Rs. so that mule toes don’t get stuck and there is no danger of mule tripping over it) and storm water to get disposed across the trek path & beyond building portion through hume pipes (1’ dia x 25 m long) at 50 m regular intervals towards lower slopes. the authorities must also ensure that public safety area restriction line/zone is demarcated. At the time of revision of this report. windsock. Since there is not much space for widening for a 2-lane trek path separate for mules and tourists. are provided. The Agustmuni to Ghangharia and return helicopter ride is of 35 minutes with a carrying capacity of maximum 5 passengers per ride and air fare worked out on charter as well as per seat basis is Rs.000/. the option is available.per passenger for minimum 5 passengers available. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-255 .e. 2004. and the charges would be the same i. it was reported that under a MoU with GMVN and PHHL. helicopter services of PHHL (US manufactured Bell 407 helicopters) have been worked out from Agustmuni (located in Rudraprayag District at a distance of 18 km from Rudraprayag on Rudraprayag-Kedarnath route) to Ghangharia since Sep. During the study (in 2003) it was informed that Pawan Hans Helicopters Ltd. 12. CO2 type fire extinguishers.per head (minimum 5 passengers required). it is proposed to keep 2 EDC sweepers for the Ghangharia area to ensure clean environs. Fixed-wing aircraft can easily land at Gauchar and chartered flights from Delhi can be initiated after due clearances from relevant authorities. the regular helicopter services have been planned at the Ghangharia Army Helipad. 12. (PHHL) has plans to operate helicopter services to Ghangharia (to Kanjila Army Helipad) from the Gauchar Airstrip / Joshimath Helipad field subject to permission from relevant government authorities in May/June 2004. Recommendations Planned Works • At Ghangharia. The existing planned project of Jal Sansthan is proposed to be implemented by start of 2004 season. water supply system is a critical issue in Ghangharia base settlement inspite of natural availability of water in abundance.00 lakhs (sanctioned under Border Area Development head in 2003-2004).1.14 Electricity Supply Key Issues Electricity Supply. Recommendations • The groups of hotels. EDC is constructing one small public toilet at the entrance to Ghangharia settlement.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 7. One more Public Toilet made up of temporary slope roof structure of the same size as the one constructed at the entrance of Ghangharia can be developed beyond Ghangharia settlement on Pay and Use category. if grouping is possible.1. though individual lodges/ hotels have septic tanks and soak pits for disposal. and the same should be taken up on priority. Uttaranchal Jal Sansthan. This is due to lack of tapping the potential and an improper system in place.13 Sewerage Disposal System & Toilets Key Issues Ghangharia has no proper sewerage disposal system. The main areas of concern are the CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-256 .1. Chamoli district has proposed a Repair/Upgradation of Water Supply Scheme under the Development Area of Joshimath region which a cost of Rs. the following are proposed: • • 7. as discussed in the earlier chapters. have to go for a joint system with septic tanks. which do not have any kind of sewerage disposal system. • 7. This would ensure that no sewerage reaches the river/ directly to the environs. In the year when the Phase-II starts. it is proposed to develop a proper water supply scheme with covered storage tank and water purification plant providing ample and safe water for the tourists and local community alike. is one of the constraints for further tourist facilitation in the region.12 Water Supply Key Issues As discussed in Chapter 2. 7. In view of the tourists’ dependence on water. The supply is also currently not metered and is charged per bulb connection. the telecommunication scenario is quite poor with just a few satellite phones only. Recommendations Planned Works Ghangharia: BSNL CellOne Services is also planned to be started from 2004 season onwards. A Satellite Telephone Exchange is setup by Department of Telecommunications at the GMVN TRH complex. Ghangharia is solely dependent on the micro-hydel turbine generated power. in addition to above initiatives are: • • • Urgent repair works for the turbine plant to ensure high efficiency of turbines. 7. The recommendations for electricity supply for the region.3. There are 3 PCO Local Call/STD/ISD booths at Ghangharia connected to this exchange and operate only during the tourist season. Acute shortage of power is reported in the region. Due to insufficient and low voltage supply. and non-working of the solar lighting set up.000/. Refer Section 8.2 under Chapter 8 for further details on restoring the power till Ghangharia through grid.in 2003-04 for channel repair & extension works with additional strainers and cleaning & repair of water tank connected through pipes to the turbine plant at Ghangharia as currently. These limited booths are not able to cater to demand due to large number of tourists. Upgrade street lighting at Ghangharia. 90.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report non-maintenance of the electric poles and supply through grid. Connectivity is poor at times.1. higher wattage gadgets cannot be used for heating/drying purposes in the wet and cold climate during the tourist season. Better connectivity and more number of PCO Local Call/STD/ISD booths at Ghangharia. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-257 . leading to use of diesel/kerosene based generators.15 Telecommunications Key Issues Currently. Recommendations Planned Works Ghangharia: UREDA is providing funds for an amount of Rs. • • Mobile connectivity to be ensured by start of 2004 season. Appropriate worms and technology may have to be adapted. its is suggested that Vermi- • • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-258 . Hence. two EDC sweepers to be put in charge of Ghangharia market/settlement area at every 0. Waste collection area is proposed to be managed more scientifically with arrangements for stacking the compressed bags in Iron Cage pits that can easily contain some 50 or more sacks. Two such pits are proposed at Ghangharia. Compressed plastic waste is proposed to be transported down and used for incineration at Govind Ghat incinerator (existing proposal)/reprocessing by recycling of any excess load. Contracts for purchase of this waste for recycling could be given so that government cost of collection and transportation can be reduced. and would be susceptible to fire as discussed in Chapter 5 on Environment Management Plan). The mule excreta will also be collected from the mule shed at Ghangharia and taken to Bhyundar/ Pulna for vermi-composting. Recommendations It is recommended that: • • Very evident and attractive turntable solid waste collection bins are proposed to be placed at different points at Ghangharia (@ 15 m interval).Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 7. should be re-used for collection and transportation of waste. Mule excreta is also proposed to be collected in bags by the sweepers as mule organic matter.16 Solid Waste Management Key Issues The accommodation. refreshment and commercial establishments at Ghangharia are the major contributors to the quantum of solid waste to be managed. of which one pit would be located near the Valley of FlowersHemkunt route junction on its south-east side that can be used by the visitors from Valley of Flowers to deposit their waste carried back by them. these would not be as airy. 1 Solid waste compression equipment unit is proposed to be placed at Ghangharia for compressing non-biodegradable waste generated from Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt route to Ghangharia. and neither should weather out in a season (plastic cages were not recommended due to the reason of these getting brittle in sun and may get damaged early. Separate coloured bags can be provided to the collectors. As discussed earlier. These cages should be airy. Also sacks if in good condition.1. Vermi-composting at colder climates may be a problem.25 km. apart from using it for stacking waste collected and brought down by cleaning staff from Hemkunt route. should not spill. Any development proposal needs multiple approvals and hence a committee constituting DoT.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report composting be practised at collection sites (Bhyundar and Pulna. the focus could be slightly shifted though. It is proposed to maintain a uniform character of the new amenities/toilets. hence facilitation at Govind Ghat assumes significance. with vehicles waiting in queue for dropping and parking and the Badrinath traffic passing by. and the hotels which require larger spaces).2 Development Plan for Govind Ghat Govind Ghat is the base camp before start of the trekking. Remuneration to mule owners for collecting and supplying at collection centres can be given at the rate of Rs. where fertilisers be provided in the newly proposed education/training centre/EDC store. Mule owners to be educated about collection of excreta and its conversion. DFO and Van Panchayat representatives will take decisions on such matters. This will be maintained by following temporary sloped roof steel truss structure with corrugated GI sheet roof & wall – all painted in dark green (to blend with the environment). it is proposed that any construction. Recommendations Below are the details of already planned works by different agencies: Planned Works CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-259 . new or refurbished.2. 10/. 7.per sack or as decided by local management/EDC. should have sloped roofs and the height of the structure shall not go beyond 2-storey high (G+1). A. PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE 7. mule owners should be educated about conversion of this waste to fertilisers for use in agriculture. more so during the peak season. Remuneration will be an incentive. The objective of the Govind Ghat development plan is to make it a regularised quality base and provide necessary facilities to tourists. Locals. All the new amenity spaces are proposed to be of temporary structures (except for the small plinth bases for these amenities/toilets. Development Control Regulations: Based on the character of the region and its environmental sensitivity. collectors. which are at much lower altitudes and less colder than Ghangharia) so that the excreta can be converted into manure. Patwari. If a road comes till Pulna. • • A demonstration be planned at Ghangharia by the officials.1 Roads & Pathways Key Issues Presently the entry to Govind Ghat is very crowded. wherever necessary. April end-May 2004) and has been accorded high priority to make the accessibility comfortable.e. Currently Govind Ghat gets piped water supply through gravity from a tank across river Alaknanda. 12. This arrangement will meet the requirements of about 5000 persons per day for a horizon period of next 15 years. 7. out of which a total sanction of Rs.2. 40.00 lakhs approx. Recommendations Uttaranchal Jal Nigam is already working on a scheme for meeting the drinking water demand at Govind Ghat with a horizon period of next 15 years. 6. The scheme is under estimation and is expected to have a project cost of Rs. This work is expected to commence from next season onwards (i.under construction. Targeted to be completed by 2003-2004) Refer Chapter 8 on Development Plan for Facilities Enroute for the details on transportation proposals.5 km long GI pipeline laid via Pulna and later along the trek path.3 Sewerage Disposal System & Toilets Key Issues Govind Ghat does not have a town specific sewerage disposal system. • 7.Rs.95 lakhs and Rs. 7. Project Status . and was planned for Rs. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-260 . 2. 25 lakhs. The work sub-head planned and related to Govind Ghat is listed below: − Repair of Govind Ghat Cable Suspension Bridge (Project Cost = Rs. though individual Gurdwara and lodges resort to use of septic tanks and soak pits..Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • Repair Work of Govind Ghat-Ghangharia-Hemkunt Sahib Trek/Pedestrian Path and Valley of Flowers Trek/Pedestrian Path is proposed by the PWD.50 lakhs) • Tourism Bureau’s Parking Proposal: Construction of additional parking facility at Govind Ghat (Project cost . This scheme is targeted for completion by next season 2003-2004. which will flow down the water through gravity to a 30 KL capacity cylindrical Clear Water Reservoir (CWR).2. This scheme will contain one French Well type intake in Bhyundar Ganga river about 300 m above Pulna and then a 1-1/2” diameter x 5.00 lakhs has been granted recently. Planned Works Jal Nigam is preparing a scheme for providing piped water supply via Pulna to Govind Ghat.2 Water Supply Key Issues Govind Ghat has shortage of water supply.50 lakhs respectively this year. Amount sanctioned. 7. Recommendations Planned Works • Tourism Bureau Proposal: An incinerator plant with a project cost of Rs. Recommendations • • Better connectivity and more number of PCO Local Call/STD/ISD booths at Govind Ghat. Work is yet to start. refreshment and commercial establishments at Govind Ghat contribute to the solid waste output in addition to the major burden of all the solid waste brought down from Hemkunt.5 Solid Waste Management Key Issues The Gurdwara. capacity being 25 kg of solid waste burnt/hour). Ghangharia and that at Hemkunt for emergency connectivity. if grouping is possible.4 Telecommunications Key Issues Currently the telecommunication scenario is poor with no proper connectivity from the base of the trek. accommodation. Separate Sulabh Shauchalaya/ Community Toilet made of temporary sloped roofed structure (Pay & Use) to be provided for mule operators/porters/palki carriers. Ghangharia. the group of hotels. • • A public toilet complex made of temporary sloped roofed structure (Pay & Use) to be built for the trekking tourists near the starting point.Govind Ghat to Ghangharia or Hemkunt. This is very essential from the emergency response planning point of view as well as presently Hemkunt is out of all communication reach. For this. It is proposed to provide wireless service between the Gurdwara at Govind Ghat.2. 25.2.00 lakhs has been sanctioned for installation at Govind Ghat (approx. awaiting disposal.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Recommendations It is to be ensured that no sewerage reaches the river Alaknanda/ directly to the environs. It is further recommended that: CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-261 . which do not have any kind of sewerage disposal system to have septic tanks. 7. Already more than 4000 sacks of nonbiodegradable waste has been brought down by 2003 and piled up near the FRH. with due permissions from the concerned government authorities. and all along the trek path to Govind Ghat. Very evident and attractive turntable solid waste collection bins to be placed at different points at Govind Ghat (@15 m interval). These cages should be airy. Two such cage pits are proposed at Govind Ghat. the provision of total bed capacity of 300 beds could be adjusted as 4 hotels with 75 beds CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-262 . Waste collection area will be managed more scientifically with arrangements for stacking the compressed bags in large Iron Cage pits that can easily contain some 50 or more sacks. at Govind Ghat Gurdwara and other private establishments for Kitchen/Langar/Restaurant wash waste which currently falls into river Alaknanda. should be re-used for collection and transportation of waste. • • • • B. should not spill. Also sacks if in good condition. and would be susceptible to fire as discussed in Chapter 5 on Environment Management Plan).Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • Proper sewage disposal system be provided through soak pit.to be placed at . which is the main accommodation provider. Recommendations The proposals for accommodation at Govind Ghat are: • 2 quality hotels with capacity of 150 beds each (low-rise 2 storeyed structure) are proposed to be developed at Govind Ghat. Contracts for purchase of this waste for recycling may be given so that government’s cost of collection and transportation may be reduced. Compressed plastic waste transported down to be used for incineration at Govind Ghat incinerator (existing proposal)/reprocessing by recycling of any excess load. etc.6 TOURIST INFRASTRUCTURE Accommodation Key Issues The key issues concerning accommodation at Govind Ghat are absence of number and quality accommodation except for the Gurdwara. If the road from Govind Ghat to Pulna via Pandukeshwar is built. 7. these would not be as airy. and neither should weather out in a season (plastic cages were not recommended due to the reason of these getting brittle in sun and may get damaged early. 1 Solid waste compression equipment unit.2. some of these hotels may be developed near Pandukeshwar by the private entrepreneurs of the local communities (if observed that there are more contenders for such opportunity.Govind Ghat for compressing non-biodegradable waste generated from Pulna to Govind Ghat or any other uncompressed waste. There is no quality check on any of these in terms of food. • • 7. which predominantly sell souvenir items/grocery/items for trekking needs – bags.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report capacity each. Recommendations The recommendations are: • • Regularisation of shops to be done by defining the numbers. and fixing prices as per grades. quality standards and prices at Govind Ghat. Recommendations The recommendations for the refreshment stalls are: • Quality Assurance: Quality monitoring at various refreshment stalls. The EDC at Govind Ghat will inspect and monitor the water usage.7 Refreshment Stalls Key Issues There are a few crowded refreshment stalls of varying size. facilities offered and the per tourist space. This may be taken up in Phase-II. • Regularisation of Accommodation: There is a need for regularisation of accommodation facilities. or in any other combination based on the interest/capability expressed through due financial assistance). It is proposed that the stalls collect all the organic waste and deposit it at the pit provided for the same at Govind Ghat. Each season. Department of Health may assist in certifying / monitoring the quality of food and overall hygiene of the services. The seasonal rentals (maximum) are proposed to be fixed as per grade of hotel/ lodge. the rates of items sold will be regularised across the classes of the shops. and should be ensured that it is clearly & prominently displayed. • 7. etc. equipments. identity to shops etc. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-263 . services or prices.2. Regularisation of these stalls.8 Commercial Establishments There are many pucca & temporary shops/ stalls at Govind Ghat. Based on the standard of accommodation. Infrastructure availability to these hotels/ lodges is a major issue presently. As proposed in Chapter 12 on Visitor Management System.2. booking facility for hotels/ lodges is proposed to be made available. woolens. wastewater and solid waste management of the shops. hotels/ lodges will be graded. distances and means to reach there. 10/. The centre will hold a 10-minutes eco-awareness session /short documentary show in future for the tourists on the environmental sensitivity of the region and need to be partners in maintaining cleanliness and environmental protection in the region.at Govind Ghat. To discourage any tendency of not returning the rain coats. would provide information on the nearby tourist spots (refer Section 8. Instead. The solid waste is to be stored in a waste container in a way easy for the ZP sweepers to carry it away for disposal. After each ardas (prayer) the Manager & Granthi of the Gurdwara should take the • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-264 . good quality raincoats could be made available on rent with a fixed deposit payment of Rs.6 of Chapter 8 on Development Plan for Facilities Enroute). As discussed in the environmental management plan section. service charges. • 7. This information centre. EDC members / Local Community or GSHSMT Volunteers. 240/while Rs. and any penalty charges in built for loss/damage.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • The EDC at Govind Ghat will monitor the solid waste management of the shops. the raincoats should be specially engraved on order with Valley of Flowers – Hemkunt logo in front and Eco-Development Committee – Bhyundar or Govind Ghat at the back. The Govind Ghat Gurdwara will also help in creating environmental awareness session with all the religious tourists to Hemkunt Sahib. so that there is always someone ready to answer questions of the visitors and the centre should be open throughout the day time. selling of cheap plastic raincoats is proposed to be banned in the region.may be deducted as service fee to clean for reuse. built in an area of 30 sqm. The ZP will inspect the shops in a season and give incentives in the form of awards to ‘Eco-friendly shops/ establishments’. 250/.2. This centre may be staffed by Forest Ranger’s staff. Recommendations • It is proposed that a Tourist Information Centre-cum-Nature Interpretation Centre made of temporary sloped roofed structure be opened by the Department of Forests & Department of Tourism at its Forest Rest House complex premises at Govind Ghat.9 Information Services Key Issues Currently there are no information services available except at Govind Ghat Gurdwara. On return the tourists can get the refund of Rs. It is advised that the local trade community and the local management may work out the actual amount of security deposits based on the procurement costs. at the time of implementation of the above proposals. souvenirs should be presented/displayed for sale in various shops/establishments including at proposed Nature Interpretation Centre in FRH Complex. handicrafts. • • • Presentation of Folk Culture The following activities shall be promoted for tourists to get acquainted with the local culture and take back rich cultural memories: − The works of art.2.2. while Nature Interpretation signages would be as per the current pattern followed by DoF. 7. Directional Signages are proposed to be provided at Govind Ghat right from the Badrinath road junction. Visitor Management System etc.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report responsibility to announce a special request (Vinti) to all the visitors about the cleanliness and environmental conservation issues in this eco-sensitive region.10 Other Tourist Facilitation • In addition to the above tourist amenities. The Gurdwara premises should also prominently display the Do’s and Don’ts about cleanliness and environmental conservation issues. Also Standard Eco-Awareness Message Signage can be displayed at Govind Ghat Gurdwara premises − Punjabi (1 Board each for2 types of messages with 2 text rows. and 1 request message with 12 text rows) − English (1 Board each for2 types of messages with 2 text rows. and 1 request message with 12 text rows) − Hindi (1 Board each for2 types of messages with 2 text rows. but it does not have jurisdiction in Valley of Flowers – Hemkunt region (which basically falls under the CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-265 . a Cloak Room of 100 sqm made of temporary sloped roofed structure is proposed to be developed at Govind Ghat for the tourists who do not wish to carry their entire luggage during the trek. Refer Chapter 11 for Nature Interpreter / Guide Training Program etc and Chapter 12 for other Measures including Marketing Strategy. to be followed by Gurdwara staff as well as the visitors. and 1 request message with 12 text rows) Directional/Locational & Informational signages are proposed with dark green background & white text. 7.11 Tourist Safety A Police Chowki exists. as a safety measure.2. C. 3. It is proposed that. the balance fund of Rs. the Gurdwara Sri Hemkunt Sahib Management Trust facilitates and bears the cost voluntarily for the ambulance service. 4.12 lakhs were sanctioned in Dec 1997.12 Health Care Facility Key Issues Govind Ghat Gurdwara has 1 dispensary and 2 ambulances.87 lakhs with some (say 10%) escalation has to be requisitioned again. 2 Private Clinics-cum-Chemist shops also exist in the Govind Ghat market. The construction began and only 0. Department of Revenue based at Pandukeshwar). 7. Department of Health shall assist in setting up the same. Recommendations Planned Works PWD Proposal: At Govind Ghat for a Medical Relief Centre Rs. In cases of any deaths along the trek. on the formation of Uttaranchal state out of Uttar Pradesh in Nov 2000. some police personnel stationed at Govind Ghat may be attached with the Patwari. Any accident/mishap in the Valley of Flowers – Hemkunt region is to be attended/recorded by the Patwari and the Police Chowki at Govind Ghat is only informed for any assistance.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report jurisdiction of Patwari. if required. SUPPORT INFRASTRUCTURE CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-266 . the balance budgeted cost was frozen. Since the structural work till roof is already completed. They can patrol the trek route during the four months of tourist season.25 lakhs have been disbursed when. Recommendations It is recommended that: • Registration of Mules. Recommendations A main veterinary clinic was proposed at Govind Ghat during the study. • • • • 7. who cross from Nepal through near by districts for employment. Cheap dormitory accommodation made of temporary sloped roofed structure (to provide stay at night for 200 persons) should also be built for the mule operators.13 Mule Sheds. Porters.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 7. At the time of revision of this report. porters. palki carriers and EDC cleaning staff. Ramnagar. Construct pay & use toilet facility made of temporary sloped roofed structure for the labourers.2. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-267 . the Director. This is one of the main developments required at Govind Ghat in view of the 800-1000 mules presently operating from Govind Ghat and back. Fodder and Food There is no formal mule stand/shed at Govind Ghat though this is the starting point for trekking and hiring Mules. This will also ensure good health of mules so that they are able to carry tourists without jeopardising the safety of tourists. and the porters and palki carriers are mostly from Nepal. Most mule owners/operators are from Najibabad. These mule sheds would have parallel running drinking pits and waste cleaning pits at the back. NDBR informed that a veterinary camp service has been started at Govind Ghat from the 2004 tourist season.14 Veterinary Clinic Key Issues There is no facility presently available for the treatment of mules/live stock. Fodder may be made available at the mule shed at a cost.2. Proper Mule Shed made of temporary sloped roofed structure may be provided for a handling capacity of 300 mules at a time with proper Mule Waste Disposal infrastructure. and Palki owners/operators with EDC. Haldwani etc. Arrangements Key Issues Cheap Accommodation. Govind Ghat. Refer Annexure C for details of the work items and costs. These tourists arrive in private and hired vehicles such as two-wheelers. multi-utility vehicles. cars. Being the last motorable point to reach Hemkunt Shrine and the Valley of Flowers. It also addresses the potential tourist growth centres nearby. buses and trucks.1. of Units) 440 422 CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-268 . Existing Parking (All data as in 2003 season during which the study was conducted) The total existing parking available in and around Govind Ghat is observed and deduced as follows: Type of Vehicle Two Wheeler Car Estimated Parking (No. 8.1 Key Transportation Issues The tourist arrival has steadily increased at Govind Ghat over the years with a significant increase in the percentage growth of visitors to the Hemkunt shrine. which pass through this route. There is a significant need to enhance access to the two tourist sites and ease the trekking of tourists and settlement enroute through reducing the actual distance to be trekked on foot by extending the reach of motorable road. • • There is growing need to cater to the increasing demand for parking in the hill settlement of Govind Ghat. rather than being relegated to an ancillary activity of the local administration and official tourism agencies. DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR FACILITIES ENROUTE This chapter outlines the development proposals from Govind Ghat enroute Ghangharia. On street parking also blocks the road and becomes a bottleneck to the Badrinath bound vehicles. The last point of access through road to reach the Hemkunt shrine or the Valley of Flowers is Govind Ghat. is now being looked upon as a plausible commercial activity. Since the distance to be covered (and the resultant time) to reach both the tourist attractions is substantial. most vehicles are parked for 2-3 days.2 Parking The impact of the vehicles has been significant enough to determine the developmental profile of the area. Parking therefore.1.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 8. It was observed that the following issues are of prime concern to the sustainable development of the region. 8.1 Transportation Proposals: Govind Ghat to Ghangharia 8. a large number of vehicles require off-street parking at Govind Ghat. light commercial vehicles. The second being about 300 meters down towards Pandukeshwar in Badrinath route. of Units) 60 15 Note: Area for a road width of 10 meters has been removed for through access on the main road. Such parking exists in two sections of the road. of Units) 53 15 CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-269 . The capacity of these lots is: Parking Lot – I Location: 500 meters from Govind Ghat on the main Haridwar – Badrinath Road Total area of parking lot–I is 2830 square meters (approximately). Cars (Small Vehicle) Bus (Large Vehicle) Scooter/Motorcycle 50 per day 100 per day 20 per day For less than 24 Hrs. The first is before the off-take point for the side road to Govind Ghat Gurdwara. Another 10% of the remaining area has been set aside for circulation space. However. 10 20 5 Parking Lot – II Location: 150 meters from Govind Ghat on the Main Haridwar – Badrinath Road Total area of parking lot–II is 2750 square meters (approximately).) For more than 24 Hrs. Type of Vehicle Car Bus Estimated Parking (No. The third one is at the end of approach road to Gurdwara. Parking Charges: The parking charges are given below: Type of Vehicle Parking Charges (Rs. the operation and management of the same is contracted.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Bus 30 Final Report The existing parking in Govind Ghat and its surroundings could be categorised into the following broad categories: • Government (Local Administration) Parking Lots A significant parking space has been recently created and run by the local administration (under the control of Zilla Panchayat) by cutting the mountain slopes and widening certain sections of the road up to Govind Ghat. Type of Vehicle Cars Bus Estimated Parking (No. Type of Vehicle Car Estimated Parking (No. • Institutional Parking Lots Institutional parking has been the largest parking supply in Govind Ghat.) 60 for 3 days 150 for 3 days Parking Lot –V Location: Adjoining Parking Lot-IV (mentioned above) along Alaknanda River Total area of parking lot–V is 3300 square meters (approximately). However. Parking Lot – IV Location: Adjoining Govind Ghat Gurdwara along Alaknanda River Total area of parking lot–IV is 1250 square meters (approximately). particularly for smaller private vehicles such as cars and jeeps.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Note: Area for a road width of 10 meters has been removed for through access on the main road. of Units) 25 Note: 10% of the area has been set aside for circulation space. the operation and management of the same is contracted. of Units) 240 CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-270 . The Gurdwara also manages the maintenance and upkeep of the parking lots IV & V. This parking has been largely developed by the local Gurdwara in Govind Ghat. Another 10% of the remaining area has been set aside for circulation space. Final Report Parking Lot – III Location: At the end of approach road to Govind Ghat Gurdwara Total area of parking lot–III is 390 square meters (approximately). of Units) 200 60 Note: 10% of the area has been set aside for circulation space. The lower tiers has been assumed to be used for twowheeler parking Parking Charges: The parking charges at the lots are as follows: Type of Vehicle Two Wheelers Car Parking Charges (Rs. Type of Vehicle Two Wheelers Car Estimated Parking (No. It is presumed that this lot is used for only car parking. Type of Vehicle Two Wheelers Estimated Parking (No. This parking is located in two tiers. Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Car 210 Final Report Note: 10% of the area has been set aside for circulation space. Two wheeler parking has been assumed to occupy 10% of the area remaining after removing circulation space. Parking Charges: The parking charges at the lots are as follows: Type of Vehicle Two Wheelers Car Parking Charges (Rs.) 60 for 3 days 150 for 3 days • Private Parking Lots The ever widening imbalance between the parking demand and supply equation and the limited ability of the local administration to cater to the problem has encouraged some local entrepreneurs in Govind Ghat to invest in providing private parking. Currently, two such parking lots exist in Govind Ghat that can accommodate 8 and 6 cars respectively. However, interactions with local residents indicate that more such investments are envisaged as more landowners are considering the option, given the high parking rates. However, the current private parking spaces in the area are very limited. The capacity of the private parking lot is as follows: Private Parking Lot Location: At the start of side road to Govind Ghat Gurdwara Total area of private parking lot is 200 square meters (approximately). Type of Vehicle Small Car Estimated Parking (No. of Units) 14 Note: 10% of the area has been set aside for circulation space. It is presumed that this lot is used for only car parking. Parking Charges: The parking charges at the private parking lots are as follows: Type of Vehicle Cars Parking Charges (Rs.) 150 for 3 days • Informal & Unorganised Roadside Parking Lots Apart from the above-mentioned organised parking lots, a few informal parking spaces too exist in the area mostly along widening on the road. The numbers of such parking spaces are few and cause more of an inconvenience on the already narrow hill roads. Parking Management It is imperative that the effective parking management measures be exercised to ensure that the main road is not choked and that people are provided with CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-271 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report convenient access to the tourist areas. A twin pronged approach is recommended to the issue of parking which strives to augment the supply by providing additional parking spaces but also manages the demand. Parking Supply Management Measures Supply management essentially focuses on augmenting the supply of parking in the area through provision of additional parking lots. A few potential locations for additional parking spaces exist on the slope between the main HaridwarBadrinath road and the access road to Govind Ghat. These could be developed into multi-tier parking slots. At certain locations, land owned by individuals is being developed into parking lots, in Govind Ghat itself. There is an urgent need to co-ordinate such efforts to ensure that the parking problem is effectively addressed. Small stray efforts by individuals to cash on the demand for parking by providing private parking lots with no overall co-ordination will result in a significant wastage of precious space due to multiplicity of access ramps. The local administration could facilitate groups of small landowners to provide for a unified parking space on their combined land thus reducing duplicity of access ramps and optimisation of circulation space. Aggregation of the smaller land parcels on the hill slopes opens up the potential of providing medium sized multi-tiers parking spaces that could effectively redresses the parking problem. To enable aggregation of land parcels into unified parking facilities the local administration would need to undertake the following: • • • Facilitate and co-ordinate between land parcel owners to plan such initiatives Provide technical expertise such as structural & parking facility design Provide access to capital to fund the initiatives. However, results through the above measure could be slow and would not totally meet the additional parking requirements. Alternate parking spaces would need to be created further down the road in the direction of Haridwar by cutting of the mountain slopes as has been done in the case of Parking Lot – I & II. A review of the immediate road section indicates that the options of widening the road are limited in the immediate vicinity of the town. In light of the above, alternate parking lots could be explored at locations away from the town between Govind Ghat & Pandukeshwar, and visitors have to park their vehicles only between these parking lots. Park-&-Ride Facility Park-&-Ride facility is a plausible option that is being actively pursued to alleviate the parking problem in areas with high parking demand, which is not CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-272 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report consistent throughout the year. The provision of permanent parking to offset demand is generally considered against two aspects: • • Ability of an area to provide additional permanent parking Sustainable carrying capacity of the area. Both the above are limited in Govind Ghat. A viable alternative is to locate parking spots set away from the immediate vicinity of the settlement not necessarily within easy walking distance. Access to & from these alternate parking lots to the area around the Gurdwara could be provided by small ecofriendly ferry services, such as shuttle buses, or through battery or gas based tempos that would run intermittently. The pricing of the park-&-ride facility could be integrated into the parking fee. Parking Fee Management Pricing of parking facilities has come to be accepted as an effective tool in attempts to regulate the parking demand. It is recommended that Pricing Management of parking be effectively used in this case. Parking space in the hill towns is always at a premium and Govind Ghat is not an exception. Existing parking rates range between Rs. 50 to Rs.100 per day for car /bus and these could be revised upwards. The various options that could be considered are: • Determining the pricing in four tiers – A, B, C & Z with differential parking charges. − Parking Spaces ‘A’ - would be highest priced. The parking lots closest to Govind Ghat could be designated as ‘A’. Pricing of parking slots in these areas could go as high as say 4-5 times the existing rates per car, the exact figures need to be decided by the local administration. − Parking Spaces ‘B’ - would be medium priced. These would typically be between ‘A’ & ‘C’. Pricing of parking slots in these areas could be raised say 2-3 times the existing rates per car. − Parking Spaces ‘C’ - would be the cheapest priced. These would typically be the parking lots located farthest from Govind Ghat with adequate parkn-ride facility. Pricing of parking slots in these areas could be the existing rates per car. − Parking Spaces ‘Z’ – would not be permanent parking areas and would be used as designated spaces for boarding and alighting of passengers from vehicle used for park-&-ride facility. The parking lot at the end of the side road leading to the Gurdwara could be designated as ‘Z’. No vehicles would be allowed to remain standing at these locations. Since access to the CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-273 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report lots would be restricted to the vehicles used for park-&-ride facility and emergency vehicles – these would not be priced. The objective of the upward revision of parking fee would be to deter and regulate parking in the immediate vicinity of Govind Ghat and is not aimed at profitability. However, additional funds generated from the proposed parking management could be utilised towards partial funding of additional parking capacity. Planned Works • GMVN Proposal: Construction of additional parking facility at Govind Ghat (Project cost - Rs. 40.00 lakhs approx., Amount sanctioned, Project Status under construction, Targeted to be completed by 2003-2004) Provision of additional parking space of about 10,000 sqm, which may be provided at multiple locations along the Badrinath road in between Govind Ghat and Pandukeshwar Proposed Works • 8.1.3 Extension of Motorable Road The destinations of Hemkunt Shrine and the Valley of Flowers are accessible through a trek path from Govind Ghat (refer Exhibit 8.1). The trek can be broken up into multiple legs on the basis of the intermediate settlements as described in Table 2.1 of Chapter 2. A review of this trek path and the area through which it passes indicates that the entire area besides being a reserved forest and a bio-reserve is extremely ecologically sensitive. Vehicular intrusion and the accompanying commercial & tourist activity along the above trek should be carefully weighed against probable ecological impacts. Extending a road on the entire trek route up to Ghangharia is a very sensitive issue in view of the sensitive ecology, geology, dependent local community etc. This would mean that a lot of cutting of the rocks, cutting of trees, land filling at places, disturbance to the settlement, huge negative impact on the dependent community including shopkeepers, mule owners etc would be involved. The consultants recommend that a detailed socioecological impact analysis of the area be conducted before any such option is considered in view of the geological sensitivity of the region and the socio-economic benefits it could accrue to the society. However, pending such a study, the consultants based on the present study are of the opinion that developing a motorable road in the initial section of the 3 km long trek path between Govind Ghat and Pulna is a plausible option, subject to the necessary environmental clearances based on an environmental impact analysis statement once a DPR is prepared. Such an alignment would improve the motorable accessibility while limiting the external intrusion in the area. The need of an investigation on the proposal for the road from Govind Ghat till Pulna as requested by the then Union Minister Sri. Jagmohan & Pulna Community Members for providing basic road accessibility for emergent needs of the community and controlling the tourist vehicular traffic load near Govind Ghat, was communicated to the consultants by the DoT, Uttaranchal. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-274 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Exhibit 8.1: Indicative Trek Path Alignment from Govind Ghat to Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Sahib 3 Kms Valley of Flowers 4 Kms Proposed Motorable Section Ghangharia 6 Kms Bhyundar Village Hemkunt Shrine 6 Kms Trek Path-3 Basic Determinants for a Motorable Road in the Region d Govin Based on a preliminary review of the site, the following observations have been Ghat made: Kms (approx.) Pulna Village • • • The entire area is an ecological sensitive area The mountains comprise of crystalline rock formations with boulders of various sizes and soil deposits at the bottom The area is highly prone to land slides given the nature of rocks and their geological structure. The river in this section is active with extensive rock cutting on a continuous basis. The slopes are generally steep with exposed rocks making the hill cutting for a road formation capital intensive, may require blasting as well to make cuts. The steep slopes also imply that a significant length of the road would need to be cut into the slope. Construction of retaining embankment walls to support ‘fills’ would not be viable on all sections. • Design Considerations Design considerations for the road should include the following: • Right of Way (ROW) Right of way should be as per Guidelines for Hill Roads by Indian Roads Congress. However a minimum ROW width of 5.95 meters should be provided with adequate provisions for parking of stalled and broken down vehicles, and proper shoulders and one-side drain should also be planned for. • Road Signage All mandatory information and cautionary road signs should be provided on the route. • Road Markings CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-275 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Road markings assume critical importance on hill roads. All road markings including lane markings, pavement edge markings, etc should be provided on the road. • Other Safety Measures The road must have a provision for crash barriers, which could be metal plate design /stone masonry / CC pillars/ Empty tar drums filled with soil or grit, etc. These must be properly painted (white or colour) for better visibility and enhanced life of these barriers. Street lighting may also be planned along this road for travel in dark (sun sets normally by 6.00 pm), but should be ensured that it is switched off after cessation of traffic between Pulna and Govind Ghat (say, by 8.00 pm) to avoid creating any distractions for the wild life during night. The PWD, local host community, EDC members, Mahila Mandal, Yuvak Mandal, Forest department staff, etc may share this responsibility for putting on & off these street lights. Also, driving on this road in the night will not be permitted between 8.00 pm – 6.00 am, unless it is an emergency requirement of the local community of Pulna village. Options for Motorable Road to Pulna A motorable road to Pulna Village connecting it with the road to Badrinath could be laid along two alignments, details of which have been explored by the Uttaranchal Public Works Department earlier in the year 2000 as part of the larger proposal up to Ghangharia. • • Alignment – I: Pandukeshwar (from start of access road on Badrinath motor road to Yogdhyan Temple) to Pulna (5 km long road) Alignment – II: Govind Ghat to Pulna (6 km long road) The basic determinants to the provision of a road to Pulna Village mentioned earlier are common for both the road alignments. Not only alignment option-II appears to be a longer road and the provision of a bridge at Govind Ghat also makes it difficult and costlier option. This is primarily because Govind Ghat is situated at the confluence of two rivers and the surrounding geological structures are susceptible to the simultaneous cutting by two rivers. This would make the positioning and design of the bridge to cross the river a challenging task while also increasing the cost. In addition to the presence of two rivers, the mountain slope opposite Govind Ghat is particularly steep at this location and may require more number of hairpin bends. A preliminary review of the alignment of the PWD road indicates that extending the road to Pulna Village could be possible. However, existing data available for the alignments considered is preliminary and would need to be supported with detailed investigations. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-276 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Technically, both the options seem plausible, however, the consultants recommend that the final decision on the road alignment should be based on a comparison of the two alignments mentioned above, by the PWD. The comparison would involve extensive geo-technical surveys required (that includes soil characteristics, local surface hydrology, etc.) to determine feasibility. Ecological surveys and an Environmental Impact Assessment Statement by the executing agency PWD would also be required to gain the necessary approvals from the Department of Forests and conformance to the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 to lay a road from Govind Ghat/Pandukeshwar to Pulna in a protected biosphere area (the area affected under diversion of land for road purposes (5 km long and about 6 m wide ROW) would be approximately 30000 sqm or 3 ha. Department of Forests may identify land for plantation in lieu of these diverted lands and can get plantation done with involvement of local community members – like Mahila Mandal, Yuvak Mandal, EDC etc. Planned Works A proposal for Alignment – I for 5 km long 5.95 m wide ROW road to Pulna already exists by PWD. However, it was informed that the costing is done at the old rate of Rs. 14.40 lakhs per km of road stretch based on the rates for motorable roads fixed by CE (Parvatiya Samanvaya), PWD, Almora applicable since 01/05/1999. Hence, this may be revised with the current rates applicable for Prime Minister Gram Sadak Yojana, which is about Rs. 20 lakhs per km of road stretch with 5.95 m ROW. This may also be increased by the average of increased distance & height index for Govind Ghat and Pulna. The costing for this road & bridge has been kept in both phases of implementation plan (each phase is of 2 years) with the presumption that it would take at least 1 year for PWD to get all the clearances and permissions to go ahead with this project. Thereafter in the 2nd year of Phase-I some work on approach road and bridge near Govind Ghat can start. And it is assumed that remaining part of the road and the same bridge should get completed by another 2 years of Phase-II, and become operational. Proposed works (in the event of developing road till Pulna) • For further travel of visitors to Pulna, a park-&-ride facility that is ecofriendly (i.e. driven by gas or battery technology) is recommended to be arranged to ferry tourists between Govind Ghat via Pandukeshwar to Pulna (if the road is developed from Govind Ghat to Pulna). No private vehicles will be allowed on the new road till Pulna if the road is developed. Only ferry service will be permitted else the thrust on land at Pulna to create additional support infrastructure will increase. Financial assistance can be provided under State’s Funding Scheme “Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Scheme” for promotion of Tourism to facilitate local employment generation that may procure such eco-friendly vehicles and run the ferry services. • Provision of new parking space for the eco friendly park and ride ferry is proposed for about 500 sqm near Pulna which will be managed by villagers CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-277 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report by pooling in their private land (a few of them were reported to be interested in leasing off their lands). 8.1.4 Anticipated Impact of Extending a Motorable Road to Pulna A presentation of the options to extend the accessibility of motor vehicles to Pulna Village and providing motorable accessibility to the only permanent settlement of Pulna on this route with the end objective of reducing the distance to be travelled on foot to access Hemkunt Shrine or the Valley of Flowers would need to be accompanied with an enumeration of the possible socio-economic impacts. As mentioned above, while the advantages of extending a motorable road up to Village Pulna may seem significant, these should be weighed against the possible impacts on Village Pulna and Govind Ghat. Some of these issues have been presented and discussed below. The consultants do not imply that the road not be extended, the purpose of elucidating these challenges is essentially to ensure that the decision is more informed and takes into consideration the finer implications of the planned development of infrastructure in the area. To deal with some of the issues, the consultants propose that the government agencies (DoT, PWD, DoF, etc.) liase extensively with the local resident population and adopt a participative approach before arriving at a final conclusion. Impact on Pulna • Increased need of space for parking The reach of vehicles up to the village would need to be accompanied with adequate provisions for parking space. In the absence of which this extended section of the road would remain largely un-utilised and could become a possible bottleneck. In view of this, only ferry ride and no private vehicles are proposed on the road. Also, there would need of space for mules and palki walas as this will in effect be their new starting point. • Increased need for ancillary infrastructure Ancillary infrastructure such as the office of the local administration, the ecodevelopment committee, police post, fire post, health & emergency care facilities etc. just to name a few may need to be housed in the village area. • Increased demand for Boarding and other tourist facilities in the village Shifting the last motorable point would also lead to a significant thrust for boarding facilities by the tourists. In other words a mini Govind Ghat would emerge at Pulna. This would significantly change the existing character of the CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-278 Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report village and have negative impact on the land use pattern and environment if not planned properly. The intrusion of boarding lodges, small hotels, dharamshalas, eateries, restaurants, kiosks and ships and the associated space required by people who service these establishments would be significant and could alter the character of the area. In view of this thrust, as mentioned above, private vehicles will not be permitted and base support infrastructure will still be Govind Ghat alone. • Increased pressure on waste disposal and management in the village Waste management on the hill settlements is a major challenge and the ability of the village to process large amount of waste that would be generated due to increased commercial and tourist activity would be a concern for sustainable development. • Environmental Impact Constructing a motorable road will invite many impacts to the environment, some of which may be critical, if not properly planned. Since the trek path is proposed to be widened to more than twice the width, it may result in geological disturbances, cutting of trees etc. It will also put pressure on the flora and fauna of the surrounding region. Clearing area for parking would have an impact on the land use through use of agricultural land of Pulna village and may result in changes in the topography. It is proposed that a detailed environmental impact assessment be carried out once the technical feasibility is worked out. • Socio-cultural impact due to the changes in the social fabric of the village community (Largely due to the intrusion of outsiders in the local social fabric) The economic and commercial activity would bring a large number of outsiders seeking economic and commercial gains to the village. This would alter the character of the village from what it is currently. Though the negative impacts could be minimised if well managed with active participation of the villagers and co-operation of the local administration. Impact on Govind Ghat • Diminishing importance of Govind Ghat as the last motorable point enroute to Hemkunt and Valley of Flowers The shift of the last motorable point to Hemkunt from Govind Ghat to Pulna would significantly impact the importance of Govind Ghat as the central focus of all administrative, economic and commercial activity during the tourist season. Though the impact would largely be dependent on the amount of economic activity generated at Pulna. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-279 so that mule toes don’t get stuck and there is no danger of mule tripping over it) for water to drop and get drained across the remaining pedestrian trek path portion through a small hume pipe (1’ dia x 6’ long as per pedestrian trek path width). For cross drainage 55 small culverts (for small seasonal stream lines observed) have been suggested.55 lakhs) o 10 km (Project Cost = Rs.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Some of the amenities and facilities created as part of the extensive tourism support infrastructure at Govind Ghat could be rendered defunct with the replication of such facilities at Pulna Village. Until such time that there is significant tourist inflow to warrant to sustain these facilities. wide) and pedestrians (6 ft.5 Trek Path The trek path as discussed in Chapter 2 is not in good maintained condition.6 ha. and at regular intervals (approximately 10 cross drainage points per km) it is suggested to make small drops under the mule trek path portion as water collection chamber (1’ wide x 4’ long as per mule trek path width x 11’’ deep) and each chamber covered with two removable RCC slab chamber covers (1’6” wide x 2’ long x 2” thick) with grated openings (openings should be small enough like 1-1/2” dia @ 4” c/c. wide). for cross drainage the mule trek path being little lower can act as a drain surface as well. Department of Forests may identify land for plantation in lieu of these diverted lands and can CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-280 . This work is expected to commence from next season onwards (i. While. PWD had planned certain upgradation works to be undertaken along the trek path.mules (4 ft. there would be need to identify alternate uses and ensure adequate upkeep & maintenance. The area affected for diversion of land for trek path expansion is approximately 16000 sqm or 1. Planned Works • Repair Work of Govind Ghat-Ghangharia Trek/Pedestrian Path is proposed by the PWD for which partial sanction has been granted recently. 0. April end-May 2004) and has been accorded high priority to make the accessibility comfortable. 0. 0.1. 1. 8.00 lakhs) Recommendations It is proposed that the trek path till Ghangharia be widened to about 10 ft with separate paths . especially in various stretches.90 lakhs) o 2 km (Project Cost = Rs.e. The work sub-heads planned and related to upgradation enroute are listed below: − Rebuilding the damaged retaining walls within various stretches of the path starting from Govind Ghat o 1 km (Project Cost = Rs.50 lakhs) o 4 km (Project Cost = Rs. The development proposals for the same are: • Separate trek path for mules (4 ft.8 m wide x 0.25 km .Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report get plantation done with involvement of local community members – like Mahila Mandal.20 m thick under pedestrian path and 12500 m long x 1. The infrastructure services like water supply and storm water drainage are proposed to be laid parallel to the paths. Widening of Trek path base in Stone Kharanja/Masonry work (12500 m long by average 4 ft. GI Wire mesh (24 gauge /144 mesh per sqm) bracing to hold hill side slopes up to 4' high along the mule trek path edge (excluding portions of Kanjila flatter land) Provision of 2 removable RCC 1:2:4 slab chamber covers (1’ wide x 4’ ft long x 11” deep) with grated openings and cross drainage Hume Pipe (1’ dia x 6’ long) as discussed above at approximate regular intervals of 10 such locations per km.9. wide. to provide grip for humans / animals while trekking. preferably in RCC is proposed.15 m high x 12500 m long MS railing along one side of the trek path – all painted in dark green. Construction of 1. etc.10 m thick under mule path. The pedestrian path is proposed to be 10 cm above the mule trek path. This spot is the location of one of the largest avalanche prone areas along the trek path. Construction of small culverts (1m x 0. so that it does not get damaged easily due to regular use by the pedestrians & mules. The top surface would have engraved grooves in herringbone diagonal / straight pattern with size of each groove pattern as length . this portion of the trek path could also be upgraded to 10 ft. width . A 50 m long x 5 m wide strong causeway approximately at 9. maintenance measures are recommended to strengthen the condition of the path (as it would not be in use for about 5 months in winter and which may get affected in landslides/avalanches. and width & depth of groove as 12 mm each.225 m deep) Pucca CC (1:2:4) trek path upgradation with dimensions 12500 m long x 1. Yuvak Mandal.15 m size) for cross • • • • • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-281 . Meanwhile. wide) and pedestrians (6 ft. till the road is developed from Govind Ghat to Pulna.2 m width and 9" or 0.100 mm. Before the start of the tourist season.212 mm.) and for better visitor safety. or 1. wide) from Pulna till Ghangharia is proposed.30 km point after Bhyundar village.2 m wide x 0. It shall be ensured that the quality of the materials used for concreting is appropriate as per design and the concreting work is of the highest quality.5m span) with minor retaining wing/support walls and RCC 1:2:4 slab (1m x 3m x 0. EDC. etc. Note: Wherever the upper hill slope along the trek path side is very steep/almost vertical. It is anticipated to make the Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt more accessible to international tourists. The ropeway might open up avenues for winter tourism in the area till Ghangharia. This would improve access to Bhyundar valley during the winter months when plenty of wild life viewing can be done.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report drainage from adjacent hill slopes at low-lying areas of the path. This aerial ropeway has been suggested as an alternative to the 12. Some of the benefits enumerated are: • • • It is anticipated to reduce the pressure on the trek trail. This plays a key role in sustaining eco-tourism in the area.1. • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-282 . Department of Forests on the premise that it will contribute to ecofriendly and sustainable tourism in the area. where water flow quantum may be more leading to accumulation and subsequent flow over the trek path (about 55 small stream lines observed where such small culverts can be provided). The exteriors of this RCC component shall be painted in dark green to blend with the environment.6 Installation of Ropeway from Govind Ghat to Kanjila (near Ghangharia) Installation of an aerial ropeway from Govind Ghat till Kanjila (near Ghangharia) has been considered by the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve Authority.5 km trek between the base settlement of Govind Ghat and Ghangharia enroute to the Valley of FlowersHemkunt Sahib. where the widening of trek path by cutting the slope is difficult. there the trek path may be widened with RCC slabs supported on stilts on the down/lower side of hill slope. if feasible. 8. Ropeway would facilitate aerial surveillance to protect the biodiversity. the proposed ropeway system is expected to have the following basic physical characteristics (approximately): • • • 1) Length = 9000m (9 km) . a preliminary examination of the potential and possibilities of a ropeway were carried out by the consultants.: • The proposed ropeway far exceeds the length of the longest ropeway in Asia at Auli Ski-resort with a length of about 4 km.2 km) between the start and end points 3) Altitude (Height) = 1828 m to about 3000 m above mean sea level The above presents a very challenging proposition for a ropeway that would have significant impact on its cost and technological feasibility. Following are few points that may have to be looked upon first among others for a prefeasibility understanding by the Govt. The consultants recommend that the option of a ropeway between Govind Ghat and Kanjila should be considered for its techno-economic feasibility before consideration as a plausible transportation option. then an angle point would be required). However. This would increase the number of terminal points and angle points (if the alignment requires an angle between.aerial distance between the start and end points 2) Vertical Difference = about 1200 m (1.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report In view of the recommendation made by the NDBR authority. a detailed feasibility of the ropeway has been out of scope of the present project. Going roughly by the new "Gondola" type flexible systems (these also have higher capacity & offer closed cabins for weather protection) of ropeway at ski resorts planned at higher altitudes in India being of 3-4 km length. though not limited to. These would lead to higher installation costs (instead of a normal 2 terminals for an average ropeway of 3-4 km in hilly terrain CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-283 . The indicative scope of such a study. should address: • • The techno-economic feasibility of considering an aerial ropeway for the entire 9 km (approximate) of aerial distance Environmental Impact Statement (EIA) that addresses the impact of the environmental impact of the ropeway besides establishing the basis for the necessary environmental clearances for natural bio-spheres Conduct a willingness-to-pay survey to assess the financial feasibility of the project • Prima facie. An aerial ropeway requires considerable capital investment and the feasibility needs to be weighed against its advantages and disadvantages. the ropeway system required between Govind Ghat & Kanjila may have to be split-up into multiple ropeways. this 18 km long 2-way ride may roughly take 1. the visitors have to continue to walk or take the services of mules (except in Valley of Flowers)/porters/palki carriers as in the present scenario. with accommodation/refreshment/other infrastructural facilities not operational in Govind Ghat from Oct. of terminal & intermediate points and other technicalities) and in total this sight seeing trip may take a minimum of 4 hours duration from JoshimathGovind Ghat-Kanjila & back to Joshimath without any halt for refreshment and with no facilities for stay/refreshment operational during the winter season either at the start point of ropeway at Govind Ghat and return point of Kanjila (near Ghangharia). it is not expected to create enough demand among tourists for visiting the ropeway and for this form of tourism. Also. onwards and no possibility of such option at Kanjila. • Ropeway can primarily be used during the current pattern of tourist season from Jun-Sep (4 months) to Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt. only when the terrain is flatter and the vertical drop is very less that the single ropeway can cover a much larger distance. In the current scenario. the likely leverage of an investment (at a ball park figure based on other Indian projects with lesser • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-284 . (when the visitation to Badrinath is also closed). some ancillary support for vehicle maintenance requirement may also be necessary in that case at Govind Ghat. Also. it is possible only by one & half months for the scenic enjoyment through ropeway ride from Oct.5-2 hours (based on no. From Kanjila to Ghangharia-Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report destinations). developing this region for the same may not be feasible. Even if tourist season in this Bhyundar valley is to be extended. tourist traffic ends in the region when the Badrinath is closed and also as a full fledged ropeway-cum-ski resort (all weather destination . It is important to note that because after mid Nov. Since any other tourist activity such as professional skiing near Kanjila is not possible due to its terrain and any attached permanent resort structure is not possible at Kanjila to compliment the ropeway development (already the tourist season is limited) as it is a Van Panchayat land created from Reserve Forests (is part of NDBR buffer zone as well). The parking space at this time may also be covered under snow and may require arrangements to keep it clear of snow and open for use.hill station in summer and ski resort in winter) attraction exists at nearby Auli (just 16 kms away from Joshimath) for winter tourism offering a complete/longer holiday experience with ropeway-cum-skiing & resort opportunities. (after Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt destination is closed) to mid Nov. only from the start point of Govind Ghat to Kanjila (near Ghangharia) and back. due to the availability of ropeway-cum-ski resort all weather destination at Auli. Normally. Any extension of this tourist season will be applicable only to scenic viewing of the snow covered hill slopes & peaks/snow covered flora/wild life (fauna)/water falls. which depends on the light commercial stalls put up enroute/ at Pulna/at Bhyundar. The local community. To make such an investment where revenue is expected for a short 4-month season only does not primafacie look feasible. such a large investment of about Rs. and Bhyundar/Pulna).Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report vertical difference). affecting the economy of local host community as well as the livelihood of those mule operators/porters/palki carriers (even if these economically weaker sections are from neighbouring regions / outside the immediate local host community currently) on this stretch which is basically two-thirds of the total trek route from Govind Ghat to Hemkunt in these short 4 months of tourist season. who in normal circumstances cannot be from the local host community of this region (Govind Ghat. that the availability of helicopter services as planned by Pawan Hans Helicopters Ltd. However. Eco-tourism has been highly effective in instances where it is “by and of the people” and encourages a decentralised tourism that does not require much infrastructure development. it is important to understand that if people prefer ropeway instead of taking mules or trek thereby reducing the pressure on trek altogether. and mostly depend on their involvement in tourism and other means as provisioned under the joint forest management programme applicable in the non-core zones of the biosphere reserve. and would also not have the entrepreneurial wherewithal to run such a sophisticated transportation system for tourism purposes only. normally intends to play a role of the facilitator. Also. • The impact on the dependent community needs to be taken into consideration while evolving alternate mechanisms. 50 crores and more for the installation and operation of ropeway as a centralised transport infrastructure may have to be undertaken by a Private Investor. 50 crores or more) for such a 9 km long ropeway (one-way length) would have to be understood. from the coming season will normally be taken up by those with higher paying capacities. it may not really effect much on reduction of load on ropeway system or trek path. General operation and maintenance costs are about of 20%-25% of capital costs annually. the local community members may not be able to afford this ropeway ride for their • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-285 . for a Gondola type flexible system. the Govt. the local establishments dependent currently fully on the tourists taking trek path (either using mules/porter/palki/walk) from Govind Ghat to Kanjila (near Ghangharia) may get seriously impacted on their business/earnings. It is a well-known fact that these communities have very small land holdings. Since. Though it is understandable. it could easily be about Rs. etc will suffer in respect to such earnings once they are not at the terminal points (and also even for personal transportation) and people shift away to ropeway as the transportation mode. It has been experience of National Parks in other parts of the developed world that recreational use began to influence the nature more strongly. prima facie the aerial ropeway option does not seem to be feasible. These National Parks’ administrations now face the big question how to influence the behaviour of tourists from the view of nature protection. Rs. a techno-economic feasibility followed by EIA need to be undertaken. the feasibility study need to be followed with a detailed project report (DPR) that would explore the technology options. Some of the current pricing for ropeway rides as applicable in other tourist destinations in Uttaranchal is given below for an indication: Rs. If found plausible in consideration of the technical expectations and the containment of the environmental impact. slope length. apart from being able to contribute directly to the economy of the local community. • • • The feasibility of an aerial ropeway would need to be weighed against the above issues. Such design report would be dependent on alignment. may also be an expensive matter if the pricing of ropeway rides is high and until and unless it is highly subsidised by Govt. • Usage of ropeway for surveillance of the area for bio-diversity protection as suggested by Department of Forests. as mentioned previously. which are necessary. span distance. to evolve mitigation measures applicable during construction and operational stages. wind performance. than protection strategies could manage. an environmental examination needs to be conducted after final design.5 km up the hill from Govind Ghat to Ghangharia is an interesting and adventurous component of ecotourism. In case of installation.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report personal use of self/goods transportation. Installation of such a long ropeway is going to affect the Reserve Forest Land & Van Panchayat Land (created from Reserve Forests) that would be impacted during the construction and for the actual passenger ropeway installed is not known and whether it would be permitted by the Ministry of Forests & Environment under Forest Legislations in this Reserve Forest area. availability of power/accessibility for ropeway construction & construction CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-286 . Based on the present study. etc. which is also a part of the biosphere. It would also include the geological feasibility. until and unless heavily subsidised. However. considering the above. 200 is charged for about 8 km long 2-way ride at Auli SkiResort. for usage of Department of Forests. capacity. It would also determine specifications for safety/rescue/emergency response mechanism. vertical rise and fall. architecture. The pleasure and dedication of walking for 12. etc. 60 is charged for about 3 km long 2-way ride at Nainital. terminal/angle points also based on alignment. While ropeway experts can provide designs. etc. air/noise pollution near the terminal/intermediate points during operation due to use diesel generator sets and the capacity/power of ropeway drives. before its transported down to locations where waste compression equipment units are placed for waste compression and/or to Govind Ghat for incineration/recycling. with a seating capacity of 15 people each (area of each unit = 20 sqm) Souvenir Shop. First Aid Box to be kept with the Mahila Mandal representatives/paramedics at the Souvenir Shop Shauchalaya with 2 toilets each for men and women on ‘pay & use’ facility (4 m x 3 m).1 Amenity Cluster It is proposed to develop amenity clusters at regular intervals to facilitate tourists who are proceeding towards Ghangharia. One Covered Rest Shed of area 15 sqm with 5 benches (2 ft. disturbance to fauna. either using helicopters or creating a parallel material ropeway for carrying construction material). like impact on species of flora for which this valley is famous. the impact of the development of the same on bio-diversity and ecotourism can better be advised by bio-diversity experts. like Wildlife Institute of India. These cages should be airy. size) The trek path between the cluster to be partially covered (3m x 15 m). The environmental impacts would also be necessary to be known apart for the requirement of diversion of Reserve Forest Land & Van Panchayat Land (created out of Reserve Forests) for setting up of ropeway system (poles. terminal/intermediate points & other related utilities.2. and costs for the same. etc.e. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-287 .Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report modes (i. technical details. x 5 ft. One large size waste collection pit (dark green painted MS iron cage that can be easily assembled & removed) to be used by EDC cleaning staff to dump the waste collected from trek path/sides & enroute establishments. should not spill. air/water/noise pollution during the construction (with relatively longer duration of construction period). The cluster types will essentially will be providing the following mix of necessary amenities: Cluster A • • • • • • • Snacks/ Fast food centre: average 8 in number. This will also function as a tourist information desk.2 Tourist Amenities 8. and neither should weather out in a season (plastic cages were not recommended due to the reason of these getting brittle in sun and may get damaged early. National Botanical Research Institute. 8. 1 in number of size 20 sqm run by Mahila Mandal. rescue evacuation access paths/space). Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report these would not be as airy. 2 numbers (each of area 15 sqm) with 5 benches (2 ft. instead of creating any new space in the Forest/Van Panchayat area by cutting or filling. 7. x 5 ft.15 km distance after 4 km point till Bhyundar (at 8. One Covered Rest Shed of area 15 sqm with 5 benches (2 ft. Additional set of 2 uncovered benches (2 ft. Cluster B • • • • • Snacks/ Fast food centre: average 6 in number. 8.5 km.10 km distance after Bhyundar till Ghangharia. Cluster A will be provided approximately near Pulna (3 km point). 11.10 km. 4. and would be susceptible to fire as discussed in Chapter 5 on Environment Management Plan). 2. 3.75 km.05 km.75 km point) At an interval of 0. 10. 5 km. Vista Points Two covered but temporary sloped roof vista points are proposed along the route. with a seating capacity of 15 people each (area of each unit = 20 sqm) Drinking Water Facility (1000 litre low density polythene moulded tank) Shauchalaya with 2 toilets each for men and women on ‘pay & use’ facility (4 m x 3 m). 6 km point. Cluster B will be provided approximately near 1. The structure could be spread in 3 m dia and can make provisions for CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-288 .6 km. 2.60 km point.5 km point At an interval of 0.35 km from Govind Ghat.95 km and 12 km from Govind Ghat.9 km.3 km. size each) is also proposed to be provided along the trek path wherever the path is relatively stepper at the following distances (and to be disassembled after tourist season): • • • • At an interval of 0.75 km – 1 km. 6.2 km. Cluster C • • Spatial Spread of Cluster Types The location of the cluster has been decided based on the average trek distance coupled with the steepness of the gradient when a person may feel tired to take rest with smaller clusters located at frequent intervals of 0. and at 9. Cluster C will be approximately near following points: 1.5 km point till 4 km point At an interval of 0. 10.25 km distance from Govind Ghat till Cluster B at 1. size) in each shed.5 km. size) The trek path between the cluster to be partially covered Drinking Water Facility (500 litre low density polythene moulded tank) Covered Rest Shed. The availability of any existing suitable land if very close by to a derived location is also considered. x 5 ft. x 5 ft.20 km distance after 1. 8 km.3 km. with corrugated GI sheet roof & wall – all painted in dark green on exteriors (to blend with the environment).2.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report scenic viewing with a telescope facility at each vista point.3 Toilets Enroute Planned Works CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-289 . and neither should weather out in a season (plastic cages were not recommended due to the reason of these getting brittle in sun and may get damaged early. 8. wherever necessary). Contracts for purchase of this waste for recycling could be given so that government cost of collection and transportation can be reduced.2 Solid Waste Collection & Disposal • Very evident and attractive turnable solid waste collection bins are proposed to be placed at different points from Govind Ghat to Ghangharia (@ 100 m interval). Waste collection area will be managed more scientifically with arrangements for stacking the compressed bags in large Iron cage pits that can easily contain some 50 or more sacks. Also sacks if in good condition. This will be maintained by following temporary sloped roof steel truss structure. These cages should be airy.2. should be re-used for collection and transportation of waste. Building Character and Control Regulations All the amenity cluster spaces are proposed to be of temporary structures (except for the small plinth bases for cluster amenities/toilets. All these structures would be disassembled at the end of tourist season and can be kept in EDC Stores at Ghangharia. These vista points should have clean toilet facility and waste bin. A uniform character is proposed for the cluster amenities/toilets. and would be reassembled before the next tourist season. these would not be as airy. • • • 8. and would be susceptible to fire as discussed in Chapter 5 on Environment Management Plan). Compressed plastic waste is proposed to be transported down and used for incineration at Govind Ghat incinerator (existing proposal)/reprocessing by recycling of any excess load. Bhyundar and Pulna as per the nearest location for these structures. should not spill. if they are away from a planned cluster facility. View information should also be provided by a display board. 1 Solid waste compression equipment unit is proposed to be placed at Pulna for compressing non-biodegradable waste generated from Ghangharia to Pulna. Arrangements for cleaning these urinals should be made so that each tourist at each time gets a clean urinal or toilet. The urine from urinals should be filtered through pits containing sand. soil and gravel mixed proportionately before the urine is drained out. Water pipes were found exposed at many locations or in contact with wastewater and could lead to infection from the urinals and latrines. One Urinal is recommended to be provided at every 0.5 m deep at Cluster B. however with a provision to clean these whenever CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-290 . may be similar ones can be explored/developed locally too. Urine from urinals may not be allowed to drain into rivers or natural ecosystem of the protected area but a system of its purification should be an in-built option.5 m deep at Cluster A.5 m long x 1 m wide x 2.5 km interval.5 m wide x 2. This is a basic facility that has to be provided and would be operated on ‘Pay & Use’ Facility model. sand. People urinating openly and near water bodies have to be checked immediately as it can be a health hazard apart from visual pollution. Thus the urine should be passed through tanks of gravel. Department of Tourism. Chemical toilets/Dry toilets are available in international markets.5 m long x 2 m wide x 2. Unmanaged disposal is a serious concern as water pipes are laid underneath/beside the trek path and cross towards the village sites.5 m deep at Cluster C. The current urinals are tin funnels that get stinky from frequent use and poor cleanliness.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • EDC is constructing 2 pucca toilet complexes (each with 4 seats – 2 for men and 2 for women) one near Pulna and one at the entrance to the Ghangharia settlement (Size of each complex = 4. These tanks can be covered with easily removable covers. The toilet seats/urinals should be made of material like ceramic that can be cleaned efficiently. Urinals should be of the material that can be cleaned easily and efficiently. and soil (2. The structure of the urinals should be such that these cannot be used as latrines providing least scope for sitting at these sites.65 sqm) New Proposals The proposals for the toilets enroute are: • • • • • Management of toilets (urinals) is an immediate concern. 2 m long x 1 m wide x 2. Several of such points were observed which could be the possible source of infection for the villagers and unprepared visitors. Factors like cost of use or maintenance can be worked out with the authorities like Department of Forests. The toilets should have water saver cisterns.6 m x 2. Proper arrangement of efficient toilets (urinals as well as latrines) made of temporary sloped roofed structure for both sexes must be made enroute in optimum numbers. 2 m long x 1.5 m deep for individual urinals) provided at various sites. NGOs and survey of tourists in a test year.75 m = 12. and 1. soil and sand. Mule urine at these sheds/rest places should be collected in pits and cleaned by passing the urine through cleaning tanks containing gravel. 8. The proposals for signages enroute the Govind Ghat to Ghangharia trek path are: • Standardised Signage Boards at: − each km point to indicate the distance (13 boards) from Govind GhatGhangharia on both sides − before Pulna to indicate the name of Bhyundar Ganga river and location of Cremation Ghat − Bhyundar Ganga bridge at 10 km point to indicate the name of river − before Ghangharia at Kanjila to indicate the location of Helipad CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-291 .Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • • necessary. One Mule Shed each to accommodate 15 mules at a time to be developed near Cluster B. These mule sheds are proposed to be with facilities like drinking water (a long stone masonry/plastered tub of water parallel to the mule parking) and fodder for the mules. The toilet waste must go deep into pits where it can decompose rather than leave near the surface where it may join the water pipes that are quite frequent and run on the surface very close to the existing toilets. 8. cleaned or replaced periodically.2. The sand and gravel of these tanks has to be serviced. This may add to the cost but it cleans the waste to a large extent and the waste going to streams and soil will not pollute the water. The proposals for the same include: • • • Mule Stand to accommodate 150 mules at a time to be developed at Pulna One Mule Shed each to accommodate 30 mules at a time to be developed near Cluster A. Caution has to be made to keep water pipes and waste pipes separate. as recommended for human urinals. This will reduce the risk of urine contaminating water bodies and soil in the area.5 Signages Signages form an important part of tourist facilitation especially on a trekking path. Separate Community Toilet made of temporary sloped roofed structure should be provided for villagers who do not have in-house toilet facility/space and these should be maintained by the villagers themselves/Gram Sabha at Pulna and Bhyundar.2.4 Mule Shed Mule shed is one of the important components of the Enroute Development Plan. This arrangement will meet the requirements of about 5000 persons per day for a horizon period of next 15 years. the lights CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-292 . Since the trek travel is normally over by evening time. 3 types of messages with 3 text rows. This estimate could be around Rs. 8.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report − Lakshman/Hem Ganga bridge just after Ghangharia to indicate the name of river and at another junction about half a km before Hemkunt − Standardised Signage Board at Valley of Flowers – Hemkunt Sahib Junction after Ghangharia settlement to indicate the trek path bifurcation • Standard Eco-Awareness Message Signages along the trek route − Punjabi (1 Board x17 types of messages with 2 text rows) − Hindi (1 Board x14 types of messages with 2 text rows) − English (1 Boards each for 10 types of messages with 2 text rows. 25.3. This scheme will contain one French Well type intake in Bhyundar Ganga river about 300 m above Pulna and then a 1-1/2” diameter x 5. Directional/Locational & Informational signages are proposed with dark green background & white text.00 lakhs and is yet to be sanctioned.3.3 Physical Infrastructure Plan 8. which will flow down through gravity to a 30 KL capacity cylindrical Clear Water Reservoir (CWR).45 m x 0. Corner sidewalls of temporary cluster facilities that are open to view from trek path may also be used for painting/display of information/eco-signages. while Nature Interpretation signages would be as per the current pattern followed by DoF.5 km long GI pipeline laid via Pulna and later along the trek path. and 4 types of messages with 4 text rows) • • Standard Warning/Information Signage Board for Waterfalls/Landslide/ Avalanche prone areas (13 boards) /Cluster A Amenity (6 boards)/ View Information at Vista Points (2 boards) Small nature interpretation signages (of legible size) that merge with nature along the rare trees and flora on the way are proposed (Assuming 200 boards each of 0. 8.3 m size made up of MS angle/sheets).1 Water Supply Planned Works Pulna-Govind Ghat: Uttaranchal Jal Nigam is preparing a scheme for providing piped water supply via Pulna to Govind Ghat. This scheme is targeted for completion by next season.2 Electricity Supply Issues • Availability of adequate sunlight is a problem for Solar Light Systems to be effective. which may also lead to possible attacks from wildlife on the residents of local host community / commercial establishments / other workers.75 km. It will be the responsibility of the Department of Electricity to ensure through its process that the wires in the four avalanche prone areas (from start of Bhyundar village at about 8. and at 11. Street Lighting along trek path from Pulna till Govind Ghat (from 3 km to Suspension Bridge end) to facilitate those who may get a bit late in the evening (sun sets normally by 6. Also. but is in disconnected state at present due to damage sustained at avalanche locations. these lights when on would attract / infringe on the wildlife activities. and Pulna . frequent breakdowns are a possibility.75 km to 12. in case of solar street lights).25-9. the existing line still seems intact. Normally when power line system is in assembled position. • There exists a power line system. (as decided on consensus) on cleaning/eco-patrolling duty should switch off these lights after a certain period in night (e.15 km point) are dis-assembled before snow time in mid-Nov and re-installed after the snow period is over in Mar-Apr as a The proposals for Electric Supply are: • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-293 .00 pm) while returning to Govind Ghat. Also if these lights are not properly handled (properly switched on/off if street lights connected to grid line or cleaning of Solar panel glass/maintenance of the battery etc. If such lights are provided more in number along the trek path. Re-erecting the broken poles and line would be required to restore the power through grid. which was connected with grid from Ghangharia via Pulna – Govind Ghat earlier.35 km point. wires get loaded with snow and when avalanche/heavy snow hits the span of wires and poles it easily destroys these poles and lines by severe force. Kanjila and till the entrance of Ghangharia.75 km point. These lights should be switched off by 9.00 pm.10-11.60-9. Upgradation of Street Lighting at Pulna It is proposed that the power supply through grid via Govind Ghat/Pulna be further extended to Bhyundar.5 km point @30m interval). street lighting is proposed from Kanjila (near the Helipad/Proposed Tented resorts till Ghangharia entrance (11.Govind Ghat. EDC staff/Mahila Mandal/ Yuvak Mandal/ Gurdwara Sevadars etc. 9.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report would not be required along the trek path except for settlement areas of Ghangharia-Kanjila. unless it is an emergency need of the residents of the Pulna village. 9. While at rest of the places.g. by which hour it is expected that all those staying at tented resorts would be back for sleep after having their dinner at restaurants in Ghangharia. after 8. Bhyundar.00 pm) when usually no one is expected to be trekking between Pulna and Govind Ghat. This concern was expressed by the local community as well. As discussed in Chapter 6 and Chapter 7. Restoration of the power supply till Ghangharia will help in meeting the current gap/low voltage complaints can lead to better provision of electrical supply for lighting/heating/laundry facilities etc.3. 8. Ghangharia and Hemkunt Sahib including the trek path.2.3. while some initial funds are budgeted in the report for the project implementation duration. Also funds for such recurring annual maintenance should be budgeted in the annual budgets State Electricity Board (for grid line connectivity upwards of Pulna till Ghangharia).3 Telecommunications • • • 8. However in view of the difficulties the CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-294 .6 km to 12. One Satellite Telephone PCO Local Call/STD/ISD booth at Pulna for villagers/tourists enroute and one at 6 km point between Pulna and Bhyundar for tourists enroute will thus be beneficial. under the section on Solid Waste Management.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report simple means of preventive maintenance. Pulna and till 6 km point between Pulna and Bhyundar.5 km point) A new Satellite Telephone Exchange is proposed at Pulna to provide better connectivity to Govind Ghat.3. Other Issue Dung and urine waste of mules is a big problem for disposal and sanitation at Govind Ghat. in this wet & cold weather region and would also lead to avoiding the use of diesel generators & kerosene stoves for heating water. One Satellite Telephone PCO Local Call/STD/ISD booth is proposed at Bhyundar connected to the existing Satellite Telephone Exchange of Ghangharia for villagers and tourists enroute.4 Sewerage Disposal System & Toilets Refer 8. • • Upgradation of Street Lighting at Bhyundar Street lighting from Kanjila till Ghangharia entrance (11.5 Health Care Facility A Medical Trauma Centre is proposed at Pulna.2 for details on Toilets and Sewerage Disposal system proposed. 8. the mule dung is proposed to be collected in sacks for depositing it for vermi-composting to prepare manure at lower altitudes like Bhyundar and Pulna which would be less colder than Ghangharia. One Satellite Telephone PCO Local Call/STD/ISD booth near Kanjila Helipad area connected to Satellite Telephone Exchange of Ghangharia. 8. Department of Forest as Motivator/Facilitator. and elected representatives of Van Panchayat / Gram Sabha / Mahila Mandal / Zilla Panchayat etc. Uttaranchal that this regulatory committee should have a legal standing and shall be chaired by the District Magistrate. etc. It was also suggested in the presentation meeting chaired by Chief Secretary. All the development to be registered with approval from concerned EDCs /local management or regulatory committee. All clusters to be of same character using temporary steel truss sloping roof covered with corrugated GI sheet roof & wall – all painted in dark green (to blend with the environment). No construction on the route to use wood of pine and threatened trees like Taxus. Refer Chapter 7 for proposal of veterinary clinic at Govind Ghat and Ghangharia. Department of Revenue. Department of Tourism. All the physical amenity development to be owned only by the local community members. All the toilets enroute to be maintained by EDC/ EDC appointed person(s) and to be operated only on ‘Pay & Use’ system.4 Management Controls Various management controls are proposed for the development and use of the route to Ghangharia.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report trekking tourists face enroute. Baccata. first aid box is proposed at Cluster A and B to be managed by EDC volunteers from Ghangharia to Hemkunt and by Mahila Mandal members between Govind Ghat and Ghangharia. which could be stored and assembled just before the season. This committee may have representatives as EDC/local village/community members. Timings CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-295 . They are described below: Regularisation of Development All development throughout the route from Govind Ghat to Ghangharia is to be regularised and monitored. The development controls proposed are: • • • • • • All construction is proposed to be of temporary structures. The road (maintained by BRO) passes through the confluence of the five holy tributaries of Ganga – the Panch Prayags. cost of information material. safety aspects. distractions to wild life. staff/daily wage salaries. from all the tourists using the route. or palki rides. plans for emergency insurance cover for tourists. Fees • Incentives for Eco-tourists Those tourists who bring back their non-biodegradable waste can be refunded their eco-fee as incentive along with a reward of a free postcard souvenir with stamped recognition as an eco-tourist. This would help EDC in generating resources that are enough to pay decent wages to staff. Thus.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • The tourists who start trekking from Govind Ghat towards Ghangharia should not be permitted after a certain period of time (e. making the journey a memorable experience. However. It is the religious tourism that has the highest share of tourist traffic in the Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt region. except for the mule ride. and overall be sustainable. The enroute plan from Ghangharia to Hemkunt Sahib and to Valley of Flowers is already covered under Chapter 6. manage waste efficiently. it is suggested that the same should be decided by the government in mutual discussion with its various departments & stakeholders concerned with the region (keeping in mind the various costs like. Their name and address would also be posted as an eco-tourist at the “Friends of the Valley of Flower” programme web database. in view of the impact on the nature and the effort required to maintain the trek route cleanly. equipments/implements/other overhead expenses.per head is proposed to be collected once at the 1.already being collected. buy implements/uniforms for better cleaning support. which is dotted with mountains. trees. an Eco-fee for a nominal amount per head to the tune of say Rs. costs for training/capacity building.5 • Route till Govind Ghat The pristine glory of nature is evident throughout the route to Govind Ghat. and majority of which spends the least in local economy as it has the privileges of the free accommodation and food in the Gurdwaras. It is proposed that all the tourist traffic should be charged a nominal fee. This is in addition to the mule fee of Rs. 5/. solid waste management. porters. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-296 . expend on human resource development. 20/. late afternoon say after 3 pm) taking into consideration time required to reach Ghangharia before dark. rivers and flowers.g. limited street lighting arrangement. etc). • 8. etc. etc.4 km point EDC Checkpost after Govind Ghat. under use of Army. It is a linear town along a fairly narrow part of the Alaknanda valley. the confluence of rivers Dhauliganga and Alaknanda has a temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu. Chamoli is the principal market for the district of the same name. and the road twists and turns more. is known for its Shiva and Vishnu temples. along which. has temples dedicated to Rudranath and Chamunda Devi. It is also an important point as tourists can divert here for Kedarnath or carry on further towards Badrinath. the confluence of rivers Alaknanda and Mandakini. Below Deoprayag. which is famous locally for its annual cattle fair. The houses are almost built on top of one another. the confluence of rivers Nandakini and Alaknanda has a temple dedicated to Gopalji. At the confluence of the rivers is a bathing ghat where pilgrims can take a holy dip. Rudraprayag. The valley is quite wide here and is known as the Panai pasture. An airstrip has also been developed at Gauchar. The road from Srinagar to Rudraprayag is again mostly through cultivated lands. the road crosses the river to the eastern bank. The town has the temple where the deity is kept when the temple at Badrinath is closed. Gopeshwar is 10 km away on the opposite hills. Midway between Rudraprayag and Karnaprayag is Gauchar. The valley's walls are much higher and steeper. providing the local population with very good agricultural land. Approximately five km before reaching Rudraprayag.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • There are many places of tourist attraction en-route Govind Ghat. the confluence of Alaknanda and Pindar has temples dedicated to Goddess Parvati and Karna. the town is mostly confined into the deeply cut valley located at the junction of the two rivers and tumbles down the hillside. Joshimath also has a large helipad facility. The District headquarters. • • • • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-297 . At Kirtinagar. Joshimath town is the last important town enroute Govind Ghat and Badrinath. the river is known as Ganga. Gangotri is the source of Bhagirathi and the source of Alaknanda is near Badrinath. The town is also a main base point for various mountaineering expeditions and is a district subdivision. It also has a holy pond called Vishnu Kund. in a grove of trees by a village. From Deoprayag. the skiing resort destination starts from Joshimath. A rope way also connects Auli with Joshimath. Vishnuprayag. Nandaprayag. the road is relatively flat till Srinagar and for much of the way one passes through well-cultivated village lands. Deoprayag — the confluence of rivers Alaknanda and Bhagirathi. The valley is wider here. Karnaprayag. The diversion to Auli. is a tablet that marks the spot where Jim Corbett killed the Man Eating Leopard of Rudraprayag on 2nd May 1926. are dealt with in the Badrinath Development Plan as part of Char Dham Master Plan prepared by Department of Tourism. Government of India (GoI). The word Badri is derived from a wild fruit that Lord Vishnu is said to have lived on when he did penance at the Badrivan. which are required for the settlements enroute. Therefore. This also refers to the regions nearby which have potential to be tourist growth centres. the access to the valley starts leading up to Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt Sahib. An ancient. Government of Uttaranchal.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • • After reaching Govind Ghat. which could be linked and marketed for attracting tourists to the NDBR eco-tourism zone. 8. the starting point of the trek to Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt Sahib. the abode of Lord Vishnu. the strategy underlying the development of circuits is to provide varied experiences (secondary interests) to tourists around a central theme (primary interest). is supposed to be the holiest of the four dhams.2 for potential tourist growth centres nearby Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt. Tourists (majority being pilgrims) visit Badrinath during May to November. indicated that most tourists prefer to visit more than one type of destination while on vacation.6 Tourist Circuit and Growth Centres Nearby This section delineates the possible nearby circuits. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-298 . 8th century temple marks the place where Adi Guru Sankaracharya is believed to have meditated. Refer Exhibit 8. A tourist survey conducted by the Director General of Tourism. which according to ancient scriptures. Hindu Shastras enjoin that no pilgrimage would be complete unless a pilgrim visits Badrinath. Note: Various development measures. Guarding it are the Nar and Narayan Parvat ranges and at a distance towers the magnificent Neelkanth peak. Badrinath is just 25 km from Govind Ghat. Badrinath. A modern temple has been built at this spot. Dedicated to Lord Vishnu. the temple is 15 m in height and is built in the form of a cone with a small cupola of a gilt bull and spire.6.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report In Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Eco-Tourism Master Plan the focus is not to increase mere quantity as these two are specialised tourist attractions. situated at an elevation of 3133 m above MSL. although the present temple is believed to have been established by Adi Guru Shankaracharya.2: Growth Centres near Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt nearby. duration of stay and distance between the sites become determinant parameters in identification of suitable linkages and circuit formation. Instead. The type of attraction. The temple has been renovated several times due to earlier damages by avalanches and looks modern now with a colourful "Singh Dwar" or the main entrance gate. and located 44 km away by motorable road to the north-east from Joshimath is considered to be amongst the most pious Hindu pilgrimage centres. It is believed CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-299 . The temple is located in the middle of a beautiful valley. on the bank of holy river Alaknanda.1 Badrinath The temple of Badrinath. it is to provide facilitation for the like-minded tourists visiting similar destinations Exhibit 8. This would include the religious tourists to Badrinath and the nature tourists to Auli. 8. Legend has it that the temple was built prior to the Vedic age. Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report that the image of Badrinath had been thrown into the Alaknanda river during the time of the Buddhist era and later retrieved and reinstalled by Shankaracharya. which is 3 km away from Badrinath near Bhima Pul. Garud (Vishnu’s mount). and there is a deity of Vyasadeva in the cave. Also near this location. which Bhima one of the Pandava brothers is said to have made from a huge stone slab. Vyasadeva's Gupha (cave) is located. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-300 . set in a background of snowy peaks. Down below is Bhima Pul (Bhima's bridge). Violent wind sometimes sprays out the entire volume of the water falling and it appears that the water fall ceases for a minute or two. and Ganesh wrote them down. it is the last Indian village which is 2 km ahead on the continuing national highway from Badrinath. Parvati. Special prayers and festivities are held at the temple on the occasion of the birth of Lord Krishna (Janmashtami) and during Mata Murti Mela during which the priests of Badrinath Temple worship Mother of Sri Badrinath. Finely sculpted in black stone. The front of the cave is painted white. the glories of the Himalayas. giving rise to a lot of superstitious ideas to the locals. Shiva. 3 km from Mana village (inhabited by an Indo-Mongolian tribe. Panch Dharas (a) Prahalad Dhara (b) Kurma Dhara (c) Urvashi Dhara (d) Bhrigu Dhara (e) Indra Dhara Panch Shilas (a) Narad Shila (b) Varaha Shila (c) Garud Shila (d) Markandeya Shila (e) Narsingh Shila. Vyasadeva narrated these works. and merges into the river Alaknanda near Keshav Prayag. There are rocks here that look like layers of paper and are said to represent his works of writing down the Mahabharata and Srimad Bhagavatam. Lord Siva narrated to the sage Skanda. glaciers and rocky heights. so that his brothers and Draupadi could cross the river Saraswati safely. etc. Other images include those of Lakshmi (Vishnu’s consort). The river Saraswati emerges from a glacier north of Mana. touches Vyas Gupha. Nearby is Ganesh's cave. The Badrinath temple is normally open from the month of April-May till the 3rd week of November every year. He is said to have divided the Vedas into four parts and wrote many Puranas here. the Badrinath (Vishnu) image is a metre high. The Bhima and Muchkund caves are located just above the cave of Vyasadeva. towards the west is the Vasudhara fall with a sheer drop of 145 m. Near Mana. Ganesh. There are 15 idols in the temple complex. who wrote the Skanda Purana. under the condition that Vyasadeva would not stop reciting. The excursions possible near Badrinath Dham are given below: Mana Village / Vasudhara Water Fall Waterfalls have always captivated the human imagination. before Tibet). better known as the Sheshnag's eye. a ski resort and a winter sports complex were developed at Auli. near Tapt Kund. There are few good restaurants and several other ordinary restaurants available. which is located in Chamoli district at an altitude ranging from 2915 m to 3048 m above MSL. Sheshnetra 1. the information material for Badrinath region could include information on nearby attractions as well. 8. Serving of liquor and non-vegetarian food are prohibited at Badrinath Dham. It is popularly known as the ' Garhwal Queen'. etc. Neelkanth A pyramidal shaped snowy peak (6. Brahama Kapal A flat platform on the bank of river Alaknanda. Providing ample signages about Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt Sahib at Badrinath and providing tourist information services there is expected to facilitate the interested tourists to visit the region. In addition to this. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-301 . Border Roads. Auli has enormous potential to be developed as an all weather destination into a major tourist destination of international standards.6. forming a pool from where the Badrinath idol was recovered. including rest Houses of GMVN. with a overall capacity of about 1000 beds. A variety of accommodation is available at Badrinath Dham. especially Hemkunt.2 Auli Ski Resort In line with the objective of developing adventure tourism in Garhwal hills. where Hindus perform propitiating rites for their deceased ancestors. Charanpaduka 3 km away is a beautiful meadow where the footprint of Lord Vishnu is seen on a boulder. Forests. Narad Kund A recess in the river. as mentioned earlier.600 m above MSL) towering above Badrinath presents a dramatic sight.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Tapt Kund Natural thermal springs on the bank of the river Alaknanda.5 km away is a boulder having an impression of the legendary serpent. where it is customary to bathe before entering the Badrinath temple. From there. A 4-km long ropeway links Joshimath with the upper slopes of Auli. For the long duration treks. 8. Kamet. Set in the lap of Hathi Parvat (6730 m). The trek from Bhyundar passes through thick bear infested forests. Myriad blossoms decorate its banks during the season with some of the wildest profusion of colours and make one forget the hardships and the exhaustion of the trek. where tourists generally alight for going to the GMVN resort. The trek from the former is a little easier in gradient than the latter one. and stretches of stinging nettles without any shelters. except shepherd huts. There is a chair lift linking the GMVN resort to the base of Tower-8 of the ropeway. In view of the fact that a considerable percentage of tourists to Auli are nature lovers. which can become part of the growth centres/ magnets of the region. Dunagiri. Some medical facilities are available at Joshimath. it is proposed that through circuit linkage and proper marketing high quality environment lovers can be attracted to Valley of Flowers. one of the trek routes followed is from Govind GhatBhyundar trek to Semartoli which has some of the thick dense forests and small streams can be seen at different locations with an over night stay at tents there. including ski-training facilities have been developed at Auli. The natural slopes of Auli offer good skiing conditions in which various skiing events are held. Local community members serving as guides are available at Bhyundar village. while the basic telecom services also exist at Auli. Tourism infrastructure and related amenities. The Kagbhushandi trail gives immense opportunities for eco-tourism especially for ecologists. researchers and serious environment lovers. Mana Parvat and others. the next day trek to Rajkharak where large areas are covered with green grassy land and a stupendous view of the Himalayan ranges of Hathi Parvat. It also involves walking on glacial moraines and slippery rocks over long distances.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Auli offers a 180-degree panoramic view of several Himalayan peaks like Nanda Devi. There is a 13-km motorable road linking Joshimath to Auli. In addition to these two main attractions the region has many potential tourist attractions. official National Championships are also organised at Auli. Neelkanth. the lake can be approached either from Bhyundar village. but longer. Gauri Parvat etc. GMVN runs a 110-bed resort & restaurant at this place.3 Kagbhushandi Lake Trek Kagbhushandi Lake is a small oblong lake of emerald green water at an altitude of above 5000 m near Kankul Pass (5230 m) and is almost a km in length. Oak and coniferous forests flank the snow-capped slopes of Auli. near Ghangharia or from Vishnu Prayag via Painka village. Some of them are described below. A ski lift carries the skiers back to the top of the slope. In addition to skiing festivals.6. The best season to visit Auli for enjoying snow & skiing is from the last week of December to March every year. A large variety of flower and other types of fauna cover CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-302 . 6.5 km and passes through the Khunt Khal pass. steep slopes. 8. This valley is located nearly 25 km away to the west from the Valley of Flowers.4 Khiron Valley Trek Khiron Valley falls at 2800 m-5000 m above MSL range. 8. This trek requires a prior permission and payment of requisite eco-fee/deposit fee to the DFO. Approximately 4200 sheep and goats in five herds from different areas reach here in the month of June and stay until September to graze every year. Joshimath as part of NDBR Eco-Tourism Zone and one has to make its own arrangements for tented accommodation & food requirements. The area is bounded by famous Nilkanth peak (6596 m) in the North. It is approximately 12 km long and 3 km wide in extent. The vegetation and landforms are similar to VOFNP. Rich alpine meadows exist on the northern and western sides. An old trail from Bamani Dhaur (3 km point inside the Valley of Flowers) leads to Hanuman Chatti (2134 m above MSL) near Badrinath after a trek of about 8. This is a higher valley located on the north-western part of the Valley of Flowers.6 Pandukeshwar Pandukeshwar (1920 m above MSL) is located about 2 km ahead from Govind Ghat and 21 km from Joshimath on Haridwar/Rishikesh-Badrinath motor road route. It has diverse landscapes viz.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report this area in their own ways of decorating nature. Trekking from Rajkharak to Kagbushandi lake can be undertaken on the following day. 8. river bed. valley. It is believed that this is the famous mythological place where Yudishthir was asked 15 questions by Yaksha.5 Khunt Khal Trek Khunt Khal falls within 3700m-4500 m above MSL range.25 km from Bhyundar one reaches Kagbhushandi lake. Joshimath as part of NDBR Eco-Tourism Zone and one has to make its own arrangements for tented accommodation & food requirements.25 km long.rhododendron forest exists on the steep rocky slopes below Khunt Khal. This trek requires a prior permission and payment of requisite eco-fee/deposit fee to the DFO. This area terminates into alpine desert and perpetual snow towards the western side. After a trek of about 14. One could stay here overnight in tents and return as per route of the initial journey. A small patch of birch. This trek requires a prior permission and payment of requisite eco-fee/deposit fee to the DFO. If one wants to take the difficult return route via Painka village to exit near Vishnu Prayag. Yogdhyan Badri Temple CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-303 . Joshimath as part of NDBR Eco-Tourism Zone and one has to make its own arrangements for tented accommodation & food requirements. A lake surrounded by snow and patches of different type of flowers dotted in vacant areas are a sight in itself. The landform is undulating with flat plateaus and steep slopes dominated by a grass Danthonia cachemyriana.6. alpine scrubs and pioneer environments. GMVN TRH is available at Hanuman Chatti.6. Rajkharak forms the base for over night stay in tents. then this trek would be about 13. It is said that King Pandu.7 Joshimath It was established by Adi Guru Shankaracharya. educational centre. during day and night. and also protected him from death. it is sometimes treated amongst the Panch (five) Badris in place of Vriddha Badri (which is located 17 km before Joshimath on the Haridwar/RishikeshBadrinath motor road route). one of the five (Panch) Badris. and Badri Vishal at Sri Badrinath itself. The act was done at the threshold. Vriddha Badri. making it neither indoor nor outdoor. At Joshimath (1845 m above MSL). Thus. A branch of the Tourist Bureau/Office is located near New GMVN TRH at Joshimath. King Pandu installed a bronze idol in a meditative posture called Yogdhyan Badri. and was named Jyotirmath . on land and in sky. the demon king who worshiped Lord Vishnu and received from him a boon that made him invincible and invulnerable to both man and beast. after handing over the rule of Hastinapur to King Parikshit. which is an important halting/transit station for pilgrims and is the winter seat of the Rawal of Badrinath. A temple in Pandukeshwar commemorates King Pandu's passage through the region. Bhavishya Badri.6. and Defence establishment as well in the region. Apart from being a religious centre. and on the thighs of the Lord making it neither on land nor in sky. supported by 4 female figures is of superb appearance and high workmanship and was supposedly crafted in the eighth century during the reign of King Lalitaditya Yukta Pida of Kashmir. 8. He then slew Hiranyakashyap when the sun had just half set. However.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Pandukeshwar has the Yogdhyan Temple. Narsingh Badri Temple Narsingh Badri is a 2 m high statue of Lord Vishnu in black rock (shaligram). the father of the five Pandava brothers whose story is told in the Mahabharata crossed over a mountain known as Hem Kut (pronounced 'koot') during his time of penance in the Hundred-Peak Mountains. To end his tyranny Vishnu assumed the form of Narsingh . the others being Adi Badri.Half Man and Half Lion. while District Tourist Bureau/Office is located near Bus Station in the GMVN TRH at Gopeshwar. The Narsingh legend is a fascinating one related to the Hiranyakashyap. later the Pandava brothers also retired here. att present Joshimath has an important place as a market. There he did penance at a place named for seven peaks. which later came to be known as Joshimath.the place of Jyotirlinga of Shiva. Of all the temples in Joshimath the Narsingh temple is the most magnificent. assured of immortality. providing valuable information on the history of the temples and early Katyuri Kings have been found here. The Narsingh temple is situated in the heart of Joshimath on the old route to Badrinath through the Bazaar area. if the proposed road from Govind Ghat-Pandukeshwar-Pulna can come up. Some famous copper plates carrying old inscriptions. According to a myth. Legend CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-304 . and is worshipped as at Badrinath. Many devotees and visitors are skipping this place from their itinerary and the temple is of now local importance only. the demon king showed his true color and declared himself to be a God. indoor and outdoor. the importance of temples in Pandukeshwar with relatively easier accessibility may too get integrated with the Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt circuit. hence the time was neither day nor night. Lord Vishnu appeared before him as Vriddha Badri (Old Badri).Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report forebodes that the present route to Badrinath will be blocked when one arm of the Narasingh statue. Ganesh. There are several temples here. amongst the measures suggested for the town. Thus. There is a proposal for the construction of bypass to the town. which is also a district sub-division. In the temple are also the idols of the ten avatars (incarnations) of Vishnu. will break loose and Badrinath will be worshipped thereafter at Bhavishya Badri near Tapovan. The Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt tourists also have to line in this queue for proceeding further. would need effective traffic management measures to regulate the traffic. Valley of Flowers. already thinning. this town. • • • • • • Development of facility nodes at ends of bypass Formalisation of street sections Development of parking lots Betterment of road junctions Street furniture and Public conveniences Signages. Auli. The vehicles to Badrinath queue up at Joshimath as per specified timings. The temple remains open throughout the year. development of street sections has a major component next to augmentation of accommodation facilities since the town is a pivot node to other attractions like Auli and a major stopover location. being of fine craftsmanship and being flanked by standing figures of Sridevi and Bhudevi. To the south of the big square in front of the Narsingh Badri temple there is a roofed building housing a stone cistern with two brass spouts known as Dandadhara and Narsinghdhara between which there are brass idols of Rama and Sita. When Narada performed tapasya here. Surya. At a short distance in front of the temple there is a brass idol of Garud . which may base at Joshimath when they become popular destinations. Gaurishankar and Naudevi (Durga) respectively. Vriddha Badri Temple Situated at an altitude of 1380 m above MSL and at a distance of 17 km from Joshimath on the Joshimath-Pipalkoti road route is Animath. as such the development of facility nodes at the two ends is also proposed for this township. Hemkunt and other destinations’ tourists. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-305 . In view of Badrinath. The proposed development measures are summarised below. the place where several centuries before the advent of Adi Guru Shankaracharya. The traffic to Badrinath is regulated at Joshimath at one side and at Govind Ghat the other side.Vishu’s mount. the idol of Badrinath was enshrined and worshipped. These temples surround that of Vasudeva the black stone idol installed in it. which is two meters high and stands on a lotus pedestal. The queue stretches to approximately 250 vehicles. each dedicated to Hanuman. and bears inscriptions attributed to Anekmalla. the name Gopeshwar has associations with the name of Lord Krishna. in Devnagari Script. Owing to its natural beauty and fresh and serene atmosphere. Gopeshwar 10 km off to the east at Chamoli (off the main road to Badrinath). the picturesque township of Gopeshwar is the district headquarter of Chamoli. are cut into the metal of the shaft but only one of them is decipherable. FRH at CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-306 . According to historians. which is 30 sqft. which supports the theory that in ancient times there were several more temples in Gopeshwar. situated at a height of 1308 m above MSL amidst beautiful mountain ranges. accommodation facilities of GMVN TRH is available at Gopeshwar / Pipalkoti / Joshimath (Old & New TRH). There are several broken idols around the temple. four short inscriptions of later times. Besides the ancient temple of Lord Shiva. Also. In this central region of Chamoli. The metal of the trident does not appear to have become weathered by the elements over the centuries. King of Nepal who reigned in the 13th century. Untouched by the pollution and rigmarole of urban life. The legend goes that the trident belonged to Shiva who threw it at Kamdeva (The God of Love) to kill him and it got fixed in this spot. in area. Chamoli settlement located at 975 m altitude above MSL is one of the principal markets. It is believed that while brute force cannot move this trident. Gopeshwar is becoming a major attraction for the tourists.6. Chamoli waits to open vistas of Nature in their pristine glory. An ancient temple of Lord Shiva known as Gopinath Temple is the main attraction of the town and thousands of pilgrims come here throughout the year to visit the temple. a group of temples without idols and Oak View are other places of interest. Many well-known tourist spots and religious centres are spread around this town. while the main district headquarter is at Gopeshwar. the abode of Gods. and houses some government departments at district level.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 8. birthplace of ‘Chipko Movement’ with its strategic significance is one of the beautiful hill districts in the Garhwal Region of Uttaranchal State in India. In the courtyard of the temple there is a trident about five metre high made of eight different metals dating back to the 12th century. Vaitarni Kund. The temple is topped by a dome and 24 doors lead to the sanctum sanctorum. terrace farms and small lakes. the slightest touch by a true devotee can cause a tremor in it. Another inscription records the erection of a royal edifice by him in Saka 1113 (AD 1191).8 Other Destinations in Chamoli District Chamoli Chamoli. The district’s Tourist Bureau/Office is located near Bus Station in the GMVN TRH at Gopeshwar. reputed for its shrines and temples. Dharamshalas and many small private hotels/lodges are available at Gopeshwar/Chamoli/Joshimath. It is 9 km trek (sometimes motorable by Jeep for 6 km and then a 3 km trek) beyond Tapovan (which is 15 km from Joshimath on Joshimath-Malari road route). Cooked food /stove. or Kalpnath is one of the Panch (five) Kedars. There is no place to rest in between. several hundred meters high and wild in the extreme. Kedar is another name for Lord Shiva. It is believed that on the onset of Kalyug. about 24 km from Joshimath to the east towards Lata. Vishnu and Maheshwar. and which are named after them. the Satyug will begin again and the Badrinath Dham will be reestablished at Bhavishya Badri. the Hindu trinities are believed to occupy one corner each. etc. The trek is hazardous. bringing Kalyug to an end.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Joshimath. have to be carried from Badrinath itself. It is about 25 km from Badrinath. Brahma. Tapovan is a peaceful place known for its hot springs. which are believed to possess miraculous healing powers and the view of the Tapovan valley towards north is breathtakingly beautiful. in his incarnation as Kalki. Bhavishya Badri Temple Literally. Satopanth Lake This triangular lake of serene water has a perimeter of about half a kilometer. up the river Dhauliganga. the temple of Bhavishya Badri is at Subain. he went down into the earth. It has an altitude of 2744 m above MSL and is located in dense forests. Other parts emerged at four other CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-307 . Tapovan In contrast to the annoying hustle and bustle of city life of Joshimath. The approach along the river Dhauliganga is stimulating. Mythology says the Pandavas sought Lord Shiva's darshan and blessings to gain forgiveness for the sin of killing their kin “Kauravas” in the epic battle of the Mahabharata. But the Lord eluded them by taking the form of a bull in Kedarnath and when followed further by the Pandavas. Gurdwara of Sri Hemkunt Sahib Management Trust at Joshimath. shedding the hump there. one of the five Badris and as mentioned earlier. resulting in Badrinath’s reappearance and consequent worship at Bhavishya Badri. but full of dramatic scenery. Kalpeshwar Kalpeshwar. destroys the world. After Lord Vishnu. except some caves. Tapovan is 15 km to the east from Joshimath on Joshimath-Malari road route. the Badrinath of the future. the ever-withering arm of the Narsingh idol near Joshimath will finally fall off and the mountains of Jay and Vijay at Patmila near Vishnuprayag will collapse making the present shrine of Badrinath inaccessible. A 9 km trek (sometimes motorable by Jeep for 6 km and then a 3 km trek) from here leads to Bhavishya Badri. Kalpnath Temple. The name Dhauliganga means white river and truly it is a roaring torrent almost everywhere upstream from Tapovan and passes through almost perpendicular cliffs on either side. the mother of Pandavas. Known for his quick temper. Kalpavriksha. belly (navel) at Madmaheswar and the locks of hair (matted tresses) with head enshrined in rock in the sanctum sanctorum at Kalpeshwar. There was not a grain to cook.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report places . Trishuli and many others. the boon that she could invoke any of the forces of nature and they would appear before her and grant whatever she desired. by trekking about 45 km to the west. An anxious Draupadi's prayers were answered by Lord Krishna who appeared and miraculously solved the problem. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-308 . Thus. along with several disciples. as one gradually climbs out of the tree line to enter a mountain meadow which would be in full bloom during mid September and starts drying out by mid October as the frost starts forming. Rishi Durvasa is also believed to have meditated here under the wish-fulfilling tree. From Gopeshwar a 4 km motorable road is available upto village Sagar in north from where a 22 km tough trek in further north via Panar (12 km from Sagar and at Panar one may have to camp for night) leads to Rudranath temple. all the four shrines are worshiped as Panch Kedar. face at Rudranath. Urvashi. beside a sheer waterfall one reaches Kalpeshwar (2134 m above MSL). He indicated that he and his disciples expected food. From Panar to Rudranath the walk would be over an undulating meadow and takes one through patches of Rhododendron and Juniper bushes. The temple provides magnificent view of Hathi Parvat . Nanda Ghunti. It can also be approached from Joshimath side as well. he visited Kunti's sons. Rishi Durvasa is often recalled in context of the incident when. The Kalpeshwar sanctum is preceded by a natural cave passage. while they were in exile. Nanda Devi. The sage had given Kunti. and then a couple of km away. Kalpeshwar can either be reached from Joshimath after 13 km drive in southern direction to Helong or from Pipalkoti after 21 km drive in northern direction on the Haridwar-Badrinath main road. The face of Lord Shiva is worshipped at Rudranath temple in a natural rock temple as Neelkantha Mahadeva. It is a favourite location of meditating sages.arms at Tungnath. Thereafter from Helong after a 8 km long moderately steep trek climb surrounded by thick forests and terraced fields near Urgam village (one can stay in rooms provided as lodging facility by couple of villagers for a night halt) to the north-east of Helong. waterfalls. The temple is situated amid thick forest at a height 2286 m above MSL. across a bridge on a neighbouring hill. Rudranath Temple Rudranath Temple is one of the Panch Kedars. Legend has it that the sage Arghya had performed austerities here and created the nymph. From Sagar to Panar one walks through a dense Himalayan Forest with streams. Suryakund. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-309 . wild and grassy hilltop.India’s training ground for adventure . Also. and rich/wild flora and fauna. where the other trek route from Rini (near Lata) following the Rishiganga river generally. meets. Tarakund. It is in the form of cup with lush green meadows.Ramni trek passes through dense forests of Junipers and varieties of Rhododendrons. where from Trishul . The place is surrounded with dense forest of giant deodars and conifers nestles the tiny settlement of the temple. Devi Anusuya is revered as the Goddess who blesses her devotees with children. The ashram is in the form of a cave temple. Joshimath is the base camp for collection of stores. It has an average altitude exceeding 4500 m above MSL and is surrounded by many lofty peaks. A large fair is held in the month of December on the occasion of Duttatreya Jayanti. amongst many superlatives for the Sanctuary. via Kalikuna and Chinwari. One route approaches the Nanda Devi Sanctuary from Lata. Eric Shipton wrote.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report There are numbers of holy Kunds (Tanks) near Rudranath temple namely. The trek follows a ridge traversing rocky surface till Malatuni Pass. The Baitarini. etc. The Deodi . before Rishiganga is crossed at Deodi. provisions. porters. when thousands of believers come here to worship the Goddess throughout the night with lamps ablaze in their hands. Sir Edmund Hillary described the Sanctuary as a god-gifted wilderness . the husband of Anusuya Devi. the Nanda Devi (7817 m above MSL) being the highest. Anusuya Devi Temple From Gopeshwar it is a 19 km drive in eastern direction to Mandal on the Chamoli-Ukhimath road route. Debrugheta meadow with its floral designs and the grandstand view of peaks around it is exhilarating.Base camp trek via Bethartoli and Tridang bifurcates. The Nanda Devi Sanctuary opens up there. “All around us was mountain architecture more magnificent even than the great southern battlements of Everest “. Chandrakund. Nanda Devi Sanctuary The Nanda Devi Sanctuary is a National Park and one of the core zones of the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve (NDBR). The cataracts of Amrit kund and Amrit Ganga provide a wonderful sight here to the tourists. chuting white waterfalls. guides etc. It is a continuous descent of about 800 m through alpine grassland thereafter. One trek from there to Lata Kharak. an open. The Lata Kharak Dharansi Pass appears to be a long trek with many ascents and descents yet everything is forgotten when Nanda Devi comes into view on crossing the pass.and truly so. providing a fabulous mountainscape all around. on the JoshimathMalari Route. the divine river flows nearby the temple. At a distance of 2 km from Anusuya Devi is the ashram of Atrimuni. and thereafter it is a 6 km trek in the northern direction to reach Anusuya Devi Temple at an altitude of 2000m above MSL. Auli and Gorson Bugyals are charming meadows and the nature . Snow on the range is visible till about August when it melts entirely and await the next winter. Khulara. Tugasi. Nilkantha. where Tarpans are offered by the devotees. Gwaldam with its salubrious climate is a little heaven nestling in the woods. There is a small lake situated in the midst of the meadow.lovers prefer to use this route for outward trek and return by Tapovan route.all arranged in a stupendous arc. GMVN TRH is available at Gwaldam. The entire area is rich in exotic flora and fauna besides primitive jungles with associated hazards. Chitrakantha.the Kedarnath. In this area. near which after a 12 km trek Bedini Bugyal is a charming green meadow adorned with flowers in a spell binding varieties. one passes through terraced fields and thick pines set against a backdrop of the Himalayas. It presents a spectacular sight. All the above three treks meet at Gailgarh. Dunagiri . This is a delightful route as besides the presence of birds. The Ghat route is favourite with long distance trekkers. and so the trek is also called as Curzon Road. Hathi Parbat. Gorson. the road winds its way through dense forests and terraced fields dotted with rustic cottages of small towns of Tharali and Narayanbagar to meet the Ranikhet-Pandukhal road coming from southern direction at a place called Simli (8 km before Karnaprayag or 37 km before Rufraprayag). during their halt at Bedni Bugyal. The beautiful range of Delisera is only a day’s trek from the Kuari Pass. Kamet. Gwaldam About 30 km from Bageshwar on the Bageshwar-Rudraprayag road is Gwaldam. Gauri Parbat. in full bloom. Bedni Bugyal 34 km (22 km by road and 12 km by trek) off at Gwaldam from the Rudraprayag Bageshwar road is Wan village. From the southern direction the Pass can be reached from Ghat via Ramni but is longer than the other three. From Gwaldam. One can approach the Pass from Tapovan via Khulara in north. and of all these the Tapovan route is the shortest (21 km). Roopkund CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-310 . Lord Curzon went upto the Kuari Pass in the year 1905. or in north-west from Joshimath via Auli. On the far side of it is the Nanda Devi Sanctuary.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Kuari Pass (Khal) “Standing at the Kuari Pass (Khal) facing north. Nanda Devi. there are several orchards generally of apple. Southwards the foothills stretch wave upon wave on to the dim haze of the distant plains”. Chaukhamba. and about over 140 km from Nanital via Ranikhet. Gwaldam is over 100 km from Almora via Bageshwar. or from Joshimath via Mrig. Situated nearby is a small temple where the devotees pay their obeisance. only 5 km north of Kuari Pass. the vision sweeps from the gorges of Trishul in the east to the peaks of Kedarnath in the west . adding a winsome note. Bethartoli. upto Talwari on Rudraprayag road. and one can watch the Trishul peaks coming even closer. Wan is also accessible after 34-35 km distance. Hence the lake is also known as the ‘Mystery Lake’. and the event resembles the post-nuptial rites of the cermonial seeing off of a daughter as she leaves for her husband’s home with all her personal effects and gifts. the CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-311 . 7122 m above MSL). according to the divine instruction of the Goddess Nanda Devi. Goddess Nanda Devi considered it a sacrilege in her domain and sent down a snow/hailstorm. Thereafter one may choose to reach Roopkund after some 16 km or so trek via Ali Bugyal or the Bedni Bugyal. one may approach Roopkund from Ghat (19 km on a motorable route from Nandprayag to Tharali meeting on Rudraprayag-Bageshwar road). having a depth of only about 2 metres. Near Roopkund she gave birth to a baby. On the way dramatic views of the nature with its many splendours can be seen. Mandoli and in Wan village as well. After performing the special worship of the other Goddess-Bhumial Devi (Goddess Earth) images of Utrai Devi and Archna Devi . There is a unique custom of keeping everyone's house unlocked in Wan village for the use of the yatris on the Raj Jat day. one can see human and equine skeletal remains. According to the locals. Raja Jasdal of Kanauj undertook a Nanda Devi Raj Jat along with the Rani Balpa. either from Gwaldam or Tharali on the Rudraprayag-Bageshwar road. GMVN TRH is available at village Nauti. When snow melts. The old temple is named after Uma Devi or Parvati. It is not a very large kund and is rather shallow. well preserved in the alpine conditions. Uma Devi Temple The Uma Devi temple is situated at the confluence of the rivers Pindar and Alaknanda in the town of Karnaprayag. and then further by trek to Sutol on the way.all popular deities of the region are carried to escort the Goddess Nanda Devi to her in–law’s place. The purpose for the 280 km long arduous trek is to accompany the Goddess Nanda Devi to her in-laws’ place.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Roopkund is situated in the eastern part of Chamoli district (in the lap of Trishul Massif. sometimes with flesh attached. but none satisfying to everyone. Rani being the princess from Garhwal was revered as a sister of goddess Nanda Devi. The 10 km trek (motor accessibility by Jeeps only in fair weather) from Ghat takes one to Ramni. Raja’s people were caught in it and perished. Dewal. It was found that about 300 people died about 500-600 years ago. Nanda Devi Raj Jat The region reverberates with an expression of its vibrant culture during the festive event of Nanda Devi Raj Jat. The present day skeletal remains is said to belong to them. The Nanda Devi Raj Jat is an ancient tradition having its origin from the 9th century or even before. Other than the Nanda Devi Raj Jat route via Wan village. and it is followed religiously. some 550 years ago. The Raj Jat (Originally Raj-Yatra-the royal journey) takes place every 12 years living in village Nauti and the royal family of Kunwars living in Kansuwar. The edges are snow covered for most parts of the year. The high-altitude (5029 m above MSL) kund is on the Nanda Devi Raj Jat route to Homkund. There are many theories to explain this finding. in view of the risk sensitivity of the region and concentrated tourist visitation.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report consort of Lord Shiva. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-312 . the celebrated reformer and philosopher of the eighth century. Large crowds congregate here on Shivratri . chakra. Refer Exhibit 8. India 9. The Main temple of Badrinarayan is distinguished by a raised platform in the front. Uttaranchal. and that this temple will then become a place for pilgrimage. but Adi Guru Shankracharya had it rebuilt.term risk to human life and property from hazards. as are the others but to a lesser degree.1 Hazard Scenarios Hazard mitigation refers to “any action taken to reduce or eliminate the long .3 to know the location of above discussed tourist destinations in the district of Chamoli. HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN This chapter details the Hazard Mitigation Plan proposed for the Valley of Flowers – Hemkunt region. Uttaranchal State. The local people have a superstitious belief that in a few year the road from Joshimath to Badrinath will be closed by the meeting of the hill near the temple that stand opposite to each other. Adi Badri Temple Adi Badri. Approachable from Karnprayag by a motorable road after 18 km on the way to Ranikhet. Vishnu is of course. Close to it on the Maha Mirtyunjay Parvat is a Shiva temple. also known in revenue records as Helisera.” Disaster Management Plan addresses the management and actions/ measures to be adopted in the event of a disaster. where the idol is enshrined. is set in beautiful surroundings and the road from Lohba to Adi Badri passes through scenic terrain. and lotus. sculpted out of black stone and he holds a mace. Just above Adi Badri is the small Lake of Benital. another name of Badrinath and so this temple is also known as Adi Badri. The earthquake of 1803 AD destroyed the entire temple. Local tradition assigned the building of the temples to the Adi Guru Shankaracharya. The idol of Lord Vishnu is about a metre high. seven are more ancient with flat roofs belonging to the Late Gupta period. N 9. roofed in and leading to the small enclosure of the pyramidal form. Of the remains of sixteen small temples. All the temples are crowded together into a small space (of about 400 sqm area or so) and vary in height from 2 m to 6 m.3: Tourist Destinations in Chamoli District. at Adi Badri are the remains of sixteen temples similar to those found at Dwarahat (in the Almora district) and the one dedicated to Badrinarayan is still used for worship. Exhibit 8. which has a very sensitive geological structure and biodiversity. earthquakes. the effectiveness of which would primarily determine the life and property saved. or any area where the terrain was altered for roads. the nearby areas of similar strata have had high intensity landslides in the recent past.1. such as grading. they can occur in developed areas.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Emergency Response System refers to the immediate response mechanism in the event of a disaster.. earth. 9. excessive development etc. undeveloped areas. landslides serve to redistribute soil and sediments in a process that can be in abrupt collapses or in slow gradual slides. Hemkunt Sahib and Govind Ghat to Ghangharia. utilities. floods. In addition to these minor landslides. man-animal conflict control is a issue. In view of this and the high tourist visitation during the four months of tourist season. and other natural causes as well as human-made causes. slope failures. Integral to the natural process of the earth's surface geology. Also. houses. The region is highly prone to landslides and avalanches. Emergency Response System (ERS) is also very important. Because the factors affecting landslides can be geophysical or human-made. as the area is not accessible by roads. buildings. moisture. 9. In the event of such an occurrence.1 Need of an Emergency Response System in Project Area The project area including Valley of Flowers. There are certain sections within the Valley of Flowers and the route from Govind Ghat to Hemkunt via Ghangharia where there are frequent occurrences of landslides and avalanches. etc.1. Also known as mud flows. earth failures. or debris flows on slopes due to gravity.2 Potential Hazards The possible hazard scenarios in the project region are: • Land slides & Avalanches Landslides are rock. because of which the time taken for external help to reach or to evacuate out of the region will be very high. this could prove to be highly impacting as the region is a CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-313 . which points finger to the susceptibility of the project area also to such disasters. and the angle of slope. and even for lawns in one's backyard. for avoiding/mitigating loss to life and property. they can be triggered by rains. debris flows. it is very important to have an emergency response mechanism in place to avoid and minimise casualties in the event of any disaster. is part of a highly fragile eco-system. • Earthquake The project region comes in a highly earthquake prone zone. They can occur on any terrain given the right conditions of soil. Such is the nature of the earth's surface dynamics. terrain cutting and filling. due to the presence of people all around. the urge of maximization of earnings from continuous transporting of visitors by the mules without giving much rest to the mules. Management measures need to be taken to ensure avoiding this. etc. and this was observed first hand by the Consultants also where there were instances of mule getting berserk CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-314 . Management measures are discussed in earlier chapters like stopping people from trekking in the night. • Attack of Wild Animals The region has some wild animals as well. they do not come out in the open. But during nights and in the non-season periods. So it is very important to have alternate saving mechanism for both the scenarios. would be tired. There is no registered system for mules and mule operator. and would get imbalanced from their health point of view and could be dangerous for the safety of their passengers (whether the trek path is dry or slippery as in monsoon) as well as the mule itself. However. etc. the local people should also be educated about the traditional and institutional mechanism of resolution of man-animal conflict. The buildings in the region are also not earthquake resistant. lack of proper feed. would lead to a situation where mules may not be well fed. An earthquake in the non-season period would see the exotic and specific flowers of the Valley vanishing. there may be chances of stampede. Warning and precautionary mechanism is extremely important to address the same. though this is a remote scenario. Cases have been reported on mules falling down the path causing serious injuries to passenger / mule. However. • Heavy Monsoon washing away The tourist season coincides with the monsoon months. and lack of availability of veterinary services. and such practices should be documented for further knowledge sharing/learning.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report valley surrounded by mountains. and more so if the mule operator accompanying the mule is even little careless. there are chances that in future if the number of tourists increase double fold. • Stampede Given the volume of tourist coming in a day in the peak season. many juvenile mule operators were also found in the region. Extremely heavy rains could also see the washing away of mules as well as tourists while climbing the steep slippery slopes. they roam around freely and when distracted may cause terror and damage. • Threat from Sick/Ill Managed Porting Animals Due to various reasons like. plans. etc. an emergency response plan has been prepared. Any attempt by tourists to lit fire. quality of water or food poisoning. smoke etc. Taking into consideration the above hazards as applied in general to the study area and the deviations in the processes that could possibly lead to a disaster. etc. Landuse planning considering the risk probability CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-315 . • Spread of Diseases There is a possibility of spread of diseases among the tourists in volumes due to the infrastructure weaknesses. signs. though couple of months of the tourist season have substantial rains. • Fire Fire could be a major hazard in these reserve forest areas. while the operator was able to control the mule with great difficulty. 9. Proper surveillance is also crucial particularly in the Valley of Flowers area. 9.1 Planning and Land Use Management Landslide risk mitigation from a planning perspective means: • • • Risk Identification to reduce risk Surveys.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report along the steeper route to Hemkunt. It can better be avoided rather than controlled.2. monitoring programs. maps. dragging the fallen passenger along the rough trek path and disturbing the other mule (with passenger) of the pair as well. Tourists should be educated on this hazard by way of booklets. through their guides etc.. regulations. There has to be a very strong program on Fire hazard safety. can lead to fire in the area if dry bushes/leaves/grass are available in the vicinity. meeting before visit.2 Hazard Mitigation Plan and Emergency Response System The Hazard Mitigation Plan and Emergency Response System are presented under the following topics: • • • • • • • Planning and Land Use Management Emergency Response Cell Warning System Evacuation Mechanism Institutional Responsibilities Bio Diversity Risk Mitigation Community Participation. which can spread via dry fallen leaves/wood/grass. The Department of Forests should be prepared for such eventualities. etc. however. the sensitivity of the region and disaster proneness were considered while planning for various development measures and land use management. provide training. Siting of buildings is an important aspect of planning which is taken care of. it is proposed that railing must be provided (like most of the route from Govind Ghat to Hemkunt and about a total of 2. PWD has already planned works with a project cost of Rs. health care arrangements are crucial for any eventuality. Where there are slopes on one or both sides. Clusters are developed for providing tourist amenities and necessities. Risk Transfer to spread the burden Insurance. managed animal waste will reduce the risk of disease of the tourists as well as that of animals. toilets.00 lakhs for safety and securing the trek path within 2 km stretch of landslide prone area between the VOFNP entrance and the 3 km point at Bamani Dhaur. Where shops need to be allocated. the same can be allowed at Govind Ghat for which a proposal already exists. 9. The mule operators should be made aware/trained in healthy & safe operation of transportation of interested visitors by mules to minimize risks of passengers getting injured during such rides. Disturbance to the natural topography is proposed to be avoided. The structure of the ERC can expand or contract as the situation demands. this way the construction and structural impact on the land is avoided. disaster relief.2. which can be assembled before season. Cutting of rocks has been minimised in the development proposals. proper urinals. Proper well maintained trekking paths are important and have been covered in the report. Incineration has not been recommended at Valley of Flowers or Hemkunt sites since it is not advisable to release the poisonous gases at that place. etc. Better approach paths. In the project area.5 km stretch in VOFNP). it is proposed that they be constructed on stilts. 2. encourage participation. Better hygiene in terms of clean water. better telephone facilities.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • • • • Risk Education to minimise risky behaviour Develop policies. public buyout programs of risky or damaged properties.2 Emergency Response Cell (ERC) An Emergency Response Cell is proposed to be operated from Ghangharia with a wing at Govind Ghat. They are of temporary nature. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-316 . The Emergency Response Cell is proposed as the hub of activity immediately after occurrence of a disaster. This may range from alarms and sirens to public announcements and wireless messages and other traditional modes of communication (e. The alert could even be issued/ communicated by the EDC staff/ local community. On the receipt of warning or alert from any agency. The importance of warning systems. The district administration is the prime agency responsible for issuing disaster warnings.3 Warning A warning system is essential to indicate the onset of a disaster. experience has shown that a loss of life and property could be significantly reduced by preparedness measures and appropriate warning systems. the opportunity for warning does not exist in all cases. a responsible officer is designated to issue the warnings. to the extent possible be clear about the severity. ringing of bells. the ERC is proposed to come under the direct control of the District Magistrate or any other person designated by him as the chief of operations. Pulna. However. The tourists in the introductory session are also made aware of the risks and the measures to adopt in case of a warning. especially in the event of unwarned disasters like landslides etc. The warnings should. necessary that with respect to every disaster. All available warning systems should be used. guides/locals running to tell). ERC will have a database of useful equipments and the location of them like shops. the duration and the areas that may be affected. The local community could also give the warning. In most disaster situations. or on the basis of reports from District Collector of the occurrence of a disaster. 9. Upon reporting of an incident. all community preparedness measures including counter-disaster measures will be put into operation. Indiscriminate warnings may result in non-responsiveness of the people. ERC will co-ordinate with volunteers and other local people in getting them together and putting into operation. In a disaster situation.g. which is competent to issue such a warning. warnings issued and relayed to concerned parties. Communities in the disaster prone area of Ghangharia. therefore. In the project region. hardly needs any emphasis. its system and procedures are proposed in such a way that information can be promptly assessed. the staff of Department of Forests/ Gurdwaras/ Van Panchayat/ EDC/ Mahila Mandal can indicate such disaster warnings under due coordination with district administration. However. the ERC will have a local co-ordinator who will be appointed by the competent authority. beating of drums. It is. therefore. in the present case. The Do's and Don'ts should be clearly CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-317 . Bhyundar.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report The ERC. Rapid dissemination contributes to quick response and effective decision-making during an emergency.2. local community etc. and Govind Ghat are made aware of the warning systems. hence CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-318 . the tourists will be asked to stop at that point and proceed further only after getting a clear signal. it should be followed-up with subsequent warnings in order to keep the people informed of the latest situations. Different situations demand different priorities and hence the responsibility for ordering evacuation is assigned to different agencies.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report communicated to the tourists to ensure appropriate responses. The services of palki/ dandi in the region could be put to use in the evacuation of those severely injured.. 9. Since the tourists will be spread over the 19 km stretch and in the valley.2.5 Institutional Responsibilities There will be various agencies that will be involved in the Mitigation Plan and Emergency Response System. Gurdwara (proposed service) may be used for the purpose. first-aid and cooked food. If evacuation is not possible within 3 hours of the disaster. These will also be published in internet for those prospective visitors to the region. Shelter sites shall be at Ghangharia. medicines.2. All agencies/ people involved in the evacuation process must have a common understanding of their roles and responsibilities in order to avoid confusion and panic behaviour. Pulna and Govind Ghat. 9. It is proposed that the wireless service of Forest Department. Also through phones proposed at the clusters/ settlements. Emergency transport for the seriously injured can be arranged through helicopters. In the event of an emergency. marooned people must be provided with water. In the event of a disaster threat passing.4 Evacuation Disasters by their very nature will be different and may require evacuation of tourists and local communities. Bhyundar. an all-clear signal must be given. Though the evacuation routes should be away from the landslide prone areas. A senior medical officer should accompany the rescue team along with required medical kits and ensure priority shifting of those seriously injured or requiring immediate medical attention. It is proposed to ensure timely and proper evacuation by seeking community participation. the study area has limitations in this respect. The Concerned Authorities of the various departments in and around the region are proposed to be part of the Hazard Mitigation Plan and Emergency Response System for the VoF-Hemkunt Belt. using the Army helipad at Kanjila. evacuation must be carried out as soon as possible and the persons transferred to transit camps. the following are to be involved/ contacted. In case of marooned persons. It is important to understand the nature of threat and the procedures to be adopted. it will be of practical difficulty to warn all the tourists. Once a warning is issued. The institutional roles of few of them are listed below: Roles of ERC Co-ordinator/ Incident Controller In the event of an alert or occurrence. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-319 . Inform particular service action person and other concerned authorities. etc. Keep in touch with control team and advise method of control. the ERC Co-ordinator declares emergency and with help tries to contact concerned action persons and send them immediately to the site. ERS cell will also have the list of rescue equipments with various departments/establishments. Govind Dham and Govind Ghat Gurdwara members EDC & Community Representatives Radio and TV Station Newspaper office Palkhi/ Mule Operator/ Porters ERS Cell will function as the control room for operations. Assemble and engage incident control team. Joshimath Uttaranchal State Electricity Board Hemkunt Sahib. of Forests PWD Ambulance Govt. Decide the path of evacuation. Use the Public Address System Assemble search and evacuation team based on the incident and provide necessary support / resources / equipment.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report the contact details of these need to be prominently displayed in the Emergency Response Cell room: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Police Personnel Officials/Staff of Dept. The roles in brief are: • • • • • • • Initiate action to control emergency./Private Clinic Doctors Patwari District Magistrate SDM. On hearing the emergency information the doctors much reach the clinic immediately. Carry out the rescue operation. Assist operation to control the situation under advice of Incident Controller. Arrange treatment to the injured. involve local communities enroute who have First aid facilities with them. Continue to monitor information to emergency control centre. and inform higher authorities for further course of action. First Aid. May implement fine scale soil mapping for the production of soil management plans particularly in areas of higher visitation. send the injured to clinic. Seek help for shifting of patients to Govind Ghat or other suitable location depending upon travel conditions on palki/ mule/ porters. Prepare erosion risk and hazard maps. and cordon the area with vigilance personnel. arrange for equipments. inform the tourists/ entry check posts Send the guides/ local community co-ordinators to call back the tourists Rush the duty crew to the place of incident. • • Roles of Medical Officer • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-320 . Make use of protective wears. Monitor cautions on Public announcing system. Co-ordinate with rescue team at the District Headquarters Roles of Forest Officials/Staff On hearing the emergency information: • • • • • • • • • On alert. which need treatment. Assist the affected victims to get their requisite papers ready for compensation and provide the permissible compensation to the aggrieved as early as possible. including mapping of streams/nallahs.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • • Declare emergency if conditions are extreme. Arrange First Aid team at the site of the incident. Then a prioritised erosion control works program may be developed to guide subsequent mitigation works and resource allocations. Map all actively eroded areas in addition to areas already identified at risk or deemed an erosion hazard. Delhi have undertaken surveys and have partially accessioned some of its biodiversity. Keep close contact with Emergency Control Centre and monitor the information. Valley of Flowers is home to many exotic Himalayan flowers and species.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report • • Maintain close contact with Government and Private Hospitals for further assistance and information. This is threatened due to the earthquake sensitivity of the region.3 of this chapter. Control traffic and crowds of onlookers to keep the area clear. 9. Maintain Law and Order. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-321 .6 Biodiversity Risk Mitigation The region also suffers from a risk to the biodiversity other than risks of threat to human life and property. hooter. All Clear Signals All clear signals may be given through an appropriate medium like a siren. to attend to all kinds of disasters. Roles of the Police • • • Roles of the PWD • • Evacuation of Workers/ Local Community Please refer to Sec 9. however a complete accessioning with conservation objective would be an ideal proposition for the site. Information to Relatives of Affected People The incident controller will depute a competent person (s) to immediately inform the relatives / family members of the affected people. Importance will be given to check spread of any rumour or incorrect information. The idea of development of ex-situ demonstration nursery/shadow garden/germplasm bank also addresses a part of the biodiversity risk mitigation concern. National Bureau of Plant Genetics Resources (NBPGR). Help by taking the injured to Hospital. or even word of mouth. To assist in emergency response situations with men & equipment To repair the trek path/trails and other infrastructure that provides accessibility.2. This multi-disaster action plan proposes that all the agencies and departments with their disaster specific functions come under a single umbrella of control and direction. However. and maintaining standards in sanitation and disposal of waste. Feeding centres. and hygienic areas for mule rest. maintaining orderly movement towards community shelters (safe zones) and taking preventive steps to avoid injuries and accidents. proper feed. etc. Those who are not affected are also asked to leave the place so that the rescue team and the fire fighting team shall have easy movement to combat the situation. When an emergency is declared all the affected populace would be informed to leave the spot and move to a safer place. While orientation/training of the mule operators as part of the overall preventive measures to ensure health of their mules for the safety of the passengers / mules. CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-322 . salvage and restoration of water supplies. and involving community in decision making at local levels. temporary constructions. if the area is cut off or till help arrives for rescue. to combat an emergency situation. along with the availability of the veterinary services. helping in emergency evacuations. etc. encouraging self-help. distribution. to ensure that only trained operators accompany the mules and not the untrained/juvenile operators. Bhyundar and Pulna could also need to become relief camps for few days. containing panic behaviour. positioning leaders in the community and voicing administration's confidence in their capabilities to undertake the tasks. forest staff. relief camps. consultations and dialogues expressly indicating the need for assistance to encourage the community and its leaders to come forward.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 9. unloading. EDC with proper registration and revoking their registration if found negligent. and use of the equipments is also one of the components of the mitigation plan.3 Community Participation Community participation can be ensured by: identifying opinion. and monitoring of mule services by local management like. people affected will be moved to safe places. This is true in the case of warning mechanisms as well. having regular feedback meetings and an open book approach to demonstrate transparency. organising cultural and recreational activities.). it is the local community’s participation in the whole emergency response process which will be instrumental in reducing the impacts. contributing labour (loading. Training of the locals in emergency response system by the defence authorities. In a very unique scenario like that of the project area. Community participation would also include: maintaining of security and law and order during evacuation. where it is cut off from rest of the area due to absence of roads. and another 1.85 crores. fund sanction exists to the tune of Rs.. Of the total planned work under various heads like. however more time would be available for implementation. The summary of existing planned works to be completed in Phase-I is listed below in Table 10. which is the leaner part of tourist season. The table also indicates the proposed implementing agency against each work component. cost provisions are given at today’s rate in a master plan. 100. The summary of new proposals to the tune of Rs. Moreover. etc.61 CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 10-323 . Though the proposal for upgradation of trek path from Ghangharia to Hemkunt Sahib.2. 2584.). health care facility. At Govind Ghat and Pulna. as the investment phasing as mentioned above is only for a short-term.-Sep. Hence. the consultants have incorporated the same as part of fresh work requirements in this master plan for complete upgradation of the trek path from Govind Ghat to Hemkunt Sahib. water supply. Proposals New Proposals Existing Proposals (Pending Sanction) TOTAL Amount (Rs in Lakhs) 2552. 1 month during Aug.61 lakhs or Rs.70 lakhs needs sanction for the government.91 lakhs and their phasing is listed below in Table 10. waste disposal.70 2584. Refer Annexure C for detailed work items. a 4-year phasing duration is recommended to complete all these infrastructural/developmental / initial capacity building works.15 lakhs.1. It is presumed that every year hardly 3-4 months may be available for plan implementation to be undertaken in the region along trek route (including 1 month before tourist season. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 10.5-2 months post tourist season till end of Nov. costs. while another 31. and phasing. The provisions for any cost escalations have not been suggested over the plan period. accessibility. parking. as prepared by PWD. 211 lakhs. accommodation.91 31. requires a sanction of Rs.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report 10. 2552. Any escalation on the project components has to be taken care of by the implementing agencies during preparing the detailed plans and estimates. electricity supply.1 Investment and Phasing Plan The proposed project investments would be implemented in two phases of two years each. Thus the Total Estimated Project Cost for the implementation of this Master Plan amounts to Rs. 25. 12 351.00 0. in lakhs) 1430.00 15.1: Summary of New Proposals Sr.10 9.69 0.50 0. MoT Public Pvt.00 49.17 417. in lakhs) MoT Public Pvt. DEVELOPMEN T AREA Destination Developme nt Cost (Rs.00 31.49 220.36 0. in lakhs) Funding (Phase I-Rs.05 14.36 0.50 0.99 1.54 5.50 1.00 108.06 2.00 49.00 12.83 2547.99 0.97 617.52 19.32 51.50 1.50 3.94 918.17 417.00 21.88 258.54 582.32 589.32 589.00 15. in lakhs) Land Cost (Rs.99 34.00 3.24 7.00 14.79 3 Hemkunt Sahib 4 Ghangharia 5 Bhyundar 6 Pulna 7 Govind Ghat TOTAL INVESTMENT S (Rs.12 8.91 4.94 331. 1 Enroute Govind 2 Valley of Flowers Ghat to Ghangharia 918.00 0.92 310.99 34.Rs.94 4.31 0. No.41 79.72 15. in lakhs) TOTAL INVESTMENTS (AGENCY WISE .00 230.00 1.37 38.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Table 10.77 3.46 10-324 .51 274.00 0.83 130.24 7.13 38.50 3.51 274.99 332.92 305. in lakhs) Cost excluding Land Cost (Rs.77 2552. in lakhs) 1558.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report TOTAL INVESTMENTS (PHASE WISE .85 10-325 .Rs.06 994. 0.50 lakhs) 12.50 lakhs respectively this year.00 lakhs has been granted recently. 1. out of which a total sanction of Rs. 7. 1. lakhs) & Status of Sanction Sanctione d Requires Sanction Implementati on Agency ACCESSIBILITY Govind Ghat – Valley of Flowers & Hemkunt Sahib Repair Work of Govind Ghat-Ghangharia-Hemkunt Sahib Trek/Pedestrian Path and Valley of Flowers Trek/Pedestrian Path is proposed by the PWD.45 PWD 10-326 .50 lakhs) Rebuilding the damaged retaining walls within various stretches of the path starting from Govind Ghat − 1 km (Project Cost = Rs.95 and Rs. This work is expected to commence from next season onwards (i.2: Summary of Existing Planned Works Location Description Type of Work Total Cost (in Rs.00 2.55 lakhs) − 10 km (Project Cost = Rs. 2.50 lakhs) − 4 km (Project Cost = Rs.00 lakhs) − 14-19 km (Project Cost = Rs. 12. 6.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Table 10. Repair of Govind Ghat Cable Suspension Bridge (Project Cost = Rs. 0. 0. April end-May 2004) and has been accorded high priority to improve accessibility.90 lakhs) − 2 km (Project Cost = Rs.e. and was planned for Rs. 00 lakhs) Upgradation of Ghangharia-Hemkunt Sahib Trek/Pedestrian Path (14 km to 19 km point) was proposed by the PWD in 2002-2003. 2. lakhs) & Status of Sanction Sanctione d Requires Sanction Implementati on Agency Construction of Folding Bridge near 13 km milestone point after Ghangharia settlement over the Lakshman/Hem Ganga (Project Cost = Rs.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Location Description Type of Work Total Cost (in Rs.under construction.00 BRO ACCOMMODATION 10-327 . - 211.00 (Being restimated & covered in TCS proposals) - PWD PARKING Govind Ghat Tourism Bureau Proposal: Construction of additional parking facility at Govind Ghat (Project Status . 3. Targeted to be completed by 2003-2004) 40. 1. 1.00 lakhs) Construction of a new Folding Bridge near 3 km point in Valley of Flowers over a small but gushing rivulet “Dev Mangri Garh” (Project Cost = Rs.50 lakhs) Safety and Securing the trek path within 2 km stretch of land slide prone area in Valley of Flowers (Project Cost = Rs. The work item was cleaning and upgradation work over existing stone kharanja path in CC 1:2:4 with an average thickness of 18 cm.00 lakhs) Repair of Deck on existing Steel Truss Bridge near 1 km point over river Pushpawati in Valley of Flowers (Project Cost = Rs. This scheme is targeted for completion by next season 2003-2004. Targeted to be completed by next season in 2004) 15. and to be completed by next season 2003-2004.under construction / onhold due to Department of Forest’s objection.00 JN 25.00 PVT 10-328 . WATER SUPPLY Govind Ghat Uttaranchal Jal Nigam is preparing a scheme for providing piped water supply via Pulna to Govind Ghat. lakhs) & Status of Sanction Sanctione d Requires Sanction - Implementati on Agency Ghangharia Tourism Bureau Proposal: Construction of 2 Huts at Ghangharia TRH (Project Status . capacity being 25-30 kg of solid waste/hour) Work yet to start. This scheme will contain one French Well type intake in Bhyundar Ganga river about 300 m above Pulna and then a 1-1/2” diameter x 5.00 GMVN WASTE DISPOSAL Govind Ghat Tourism Bureau Proposal: An incinerator plant to be installed at Govind Ghat (approx. 25. This arrangement will meet the requirements of about 5000 persons per day for a horizon period of next 15 years.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Location Description Type of Work Total Cost (in Rs.5 km long GI pipeline laid via Pulna and later along the trek path. which will flow down the water through gravity to a 30KL capacity cylindrical Clear Water Reservoir (CWR). Pulna NA EDC ELECTRICITY SUPPLY Ghangharia 0.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Location Description Type of Work Total Cost (in Rs. Proposal: A Medical Relief Centre proposal for Rs.00 JS TOILETS Ghangharia . Extension of water channel and repair work of water channel from Lakshman/Hem Ganga with additional strainers and cleaning and repair of existing open water tank. 7.6 m x 2. EDC will use own revenues for funds.75 m = 12.25 4. Chamoli district has proposed a Repair/Upgradation of Water Supply Scheme under the Development Area of Joshimath region (sanctioned under Border Area Development head in 2003-2004). 4.12 lakhs were sanctioned in Dec 1997. lakhs) & Status of Sanction Sanctione d Requires Sanction - Implementati on Agency Ghangharia Uttaranchal Jal Sansathan.90 - GS / UREDA HEALTH CARE FACILITY Govind Ghat Govt.25 PWD . The construction began and only 0.65 sqm). which provides water through pipe to turbine plant.25 lakhs have been disbursed when on the formation of Uttaranchal state from the Uttar Pradesh in Nov 10-329 0. EDC is constructing 2 pucca toilet complexes (each with 4 seats – 2 for men and 2 for women) one near Pulna and one at the entrance to the Ghangharia settlement (Size of each complex = 4. 10%) escalation may be requisitioned again. Bhyundar 10-330 .87 lakhs with some (say. Jal Nigam. the balance fund of Rs. UREDA.15 31. Jal Sansthan. TOTAL 100. Tourism Bureau. & EDC. Since the structural work till roof is already completed.70 Source: Various Agencies – PWD. 3.Master Plan for Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt Final Report Location Description Type of Work Total Cost (in Rs. lakhs) & Status of Sanction Sanctione d Requires Sanction Implementati on Agency 2000 the balance budgeted cost was frozen. increasing foreign exchange earnings. providing employment and enhancing standards of living. 10. pro-community policies that lead to genuine social. provided benefits of tourism are widely spread in society and that the local host communities & poor benefit from tourism development. The eco tourism development plan is pro community. cultural and environmental benefits would be favoured. capacity building and training. Well-guided. International financial institutions’ contribution could be sought for the mobilisation of resources especially in view of the significance of the development region. Loans can be obtained from multilateral and bilateral lending agencies under heads of various socio-economic development schemes. in line with the vision of the Uttaranchal state’s Tourism Policy – 2001.2.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report 10. The focus should therefore be on the following: • Expanding business and job opportunities for the local community • • Retention of benefits at the local community level Integration of tourism into local development plans • • Appropriate benefit sharing systems Development of/Orientation towards conservation ethics • • Promotion of local products Infrastructure. For the implementation of the master plan. It is widely acknowledged that tourism is making significant contributions to the socio-economic development of many countries in the Asian and Pacific region through its role in expanding their economic base. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 331 .2 External Assistance/ Funding Modalities This section investigates the possibilities for creating the most appropriate organisational and financial mechanisms for implementation of the ecotourism master plan of the Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt.1 Tourism: A tool for Socio-economic Development Tourism in the Valley will have to be repositioned as a poverty-alleviator rather than just a job-creator or foreign exchange earner in order to obtain financial assistance from multilateral agencies. there is a need to arrange for finances over and above plan allocations. 4 per cent of total labour force.. The sector provides direct employment of 7. 8% of total employment or 1 in every 12.8 million or 2. The benefits. 9% of total employment or 1 in every 11 jobs. supports 200 million jobs world wide. indirect and induced impacts of tourist expenditures are quantified with the help of multipliers. a direct employment of one person in tourism creates job for 1. Multiplier Effect of Tourism Other than direct benefits from tourist expenditure.5 domestic tourists generate one job. Tourism and Socio-economic Development World Tourism Report As per WTTC (World Trade and Travel Council) statistics.575 billion). By 2010. This is because tourism has strong backward. Normally.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • • Women participation and empowerment. the Travel & Tourism Economy contribution is estimated to grow to 11.6% (US$ 6.591 billion) of global GDP and will support 250 million jobs. which will accrue to the local community as part of this eco tourism master plan.e. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 332 .36 persons in other sectors of economy.36 i. are discussed in Chapter 11. indirect benefits also accrue to the economy. a foreign tourist produces job for one person and 6. The direct. it is called the “multiplier effect”.4 jobs both directly and indirectly. Tourism managed by local communities with some guidance from local NGOs to make sure that they genuinely benefit the local people • Ensuring sustainable development. When an injection of expenditure into an economy leads to an increase in production more than the original injection. the Travel & Tourism industry constitutes: 11 per cent of global GDP (US$3. The employment multiplier for the leisure industry is 2. forward and lateral linkages with other sectors of the economy. It is apparent that the investment required to CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 333 .7 jobs in agriculture and 12. semi-skilled women.07 8.07 8.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report As an example. skilled.com) Capital .41 11.39 5.77 Foreign Total 2. The results from the study have been tabulated below in Table 10.54 5.57 4.19 Employment The tourism industry is a major employer of skilled labour and also provides much scope for unskilled and semi-skilled employment. airlines.32 7. beverages 12 and cement 6.labour ratio per million rupee of investment at 1985-86 prices in the hotel and restaurant sector is 89 jobs as against 44. uneducated.datamatics.29 4. handicraft and cultural services. who have outnumbered men in hotels.65 2.6 jobs in the manufacturing sector. unskilled.83 1. leather 51. (Source: www. TCS had conducted an extensive tourist survey and calculated Tourism Multipliers for the state of Kerala.Labour Ratio Capital .68 1.62 15. Employment-Output Ratio The employment-output ratio in tourism is 71.95 2.08 9.62 15. textiles 27.3.3: An Example of Tourism Multipliers Tourism Multipliers for Kerala Multiplier type Output Income Employment Open Model Closed model Open Model Closed Model Open Model Closed model Domestic 2. travel agencies. Tourism is therefore a highly labour intensive industry. electricity 14. Table 10. Employment for Women This industry employs a number of educated.15 2. and its contribution to the transport infrastructure has been undoubted. Recently. (Source: www. tourism has also benefited from funding of environmental programs.2 Multilateral Funding Agencies Multilateral Organisations focus relatively rarely on tourism per se. Environment Various eco-tourism projects work towards maintaining an amicable environment in the tourist destinations. It is claimed to be the third largest export industry in India next to gems/jewellery and garment industries.com). It should be evident that Tourism holds out great promise for the country to create additional jobs at a much lower cost and consequently ease the country’s unemployment problems. (e. which contribute to tourism. especially in coastal regions and some hilly regions. including marketing and financial assistance to tourism businesses.000 as against Rs. More common has been funding for items like airports and roads.2. Exports Tourism industry is one of the world's fastest growing export oriented industry.79. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 334 .Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report create one job in tourism sector is around Rs 11. They aim towards responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and sustains the well-being of local community. biodiversity projects under GEF. 10. Infrastructural Development Tourism has been a major factor in the infrastructural development of the country. other economic sectors. and society generally. substantial funding has also gone to tourism-specific activities. Nonetheless.datamatics. which often include a tourism component. and the DFID and USAID programs discussed below).000 for manufacturing sector.g. It provides loans for project management support. is a development finance institution with 56 members and loan projects in 30 countries. One of the big projects funded by ADB is Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) Tourism Development Project. Tourism industry would help in achieving growth in the areas which have been marked with a a. ADB has disbursed loans for tourism projects. Focus Areas of the bank • • • Poverty alleviation a Accelerating human development a Promoting State level reforms in rural and urban areas • • • • Resettlement Child labour Gender equality a Environment a CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 335 . which are ProPoor Tourism (PPT) projects. especially in the preparation of tourism development plans • • Loans for major infrastructure projects Loans and equity investments in the private sector. ADB has provided loans for specific tourism projects in Meckong.1 on ADB loans to India is given below. especially in hotels.Asian Development Bank The Asian Development Bank. detailed design and construction supervision of infrastructure and pro-poor community based tourism development. A brief Exhibit 10. This section describes the focus areas of various multilateral agencies. Nepal and Sri Lanka. China. which have frequently been approached by India for social development projects. ADB . India and Indonesia are the top 3 borrowers. tourism development and sub-regional co-operation. The section gives a detailed description of agencies.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Assistance has occurred in three main forms: • Technical assistance. While the World Bank Group's two main lending arms. The Bank. which provided US$19. Once an attractive enabling environment for foreign investment in the tourism sector has been created.Others the World Bank Group is one of the world's largest sources of development assistance. insurance. and regulatory framework for the tourism sector.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Exhibit 10. World Bank provides policy. do support tourism through equity investments. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)’s Investment Marketing Services plays an important role in capacity building of institutions in developing countries that are charged with attracting foreign direct investment by assisting them in devising and implementing a strategy for attracting foreign investment. guarantees. IBRD and IDA.5 billion in loans to its client countries in fiscal year 2002. and other mechanisms. Focus areas of the bank • • • • • Poverty a Education Gender Equality a Child Mortality Maternal Health CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 336 . do not finance tourism projects. legal.1: ADB Loans to India ADB Loans to India 11% 15% 5% 37% 32% The World Bank Energy Transport and Communication Social Infrastructure Agriculture and natural resources Founded in 1944. the Group's affiliates. and gives counselling to countries in developing strategies for attracting investment. IFC and MIGA. with the involvement of local communities. UNDP appears to concentrate more on other sectors.enterprise programs.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • HIV/AIDS. Botswana to name a few. However. developing of a strategic tourism marketing plan. and building institutional and management capacity at both the district and national level. focuses on the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly non-wildlife based eco-tourism. UNDP has funded tourism projects in Bethlehem. such as social development or urban development. UNDP also supports some micro. UNDP helps developing countries plan and implement national strategies and solutions for reducing poverty. other diseases • • Environment a Global Partnership a UNDP – United Nations Development Programme UNDP promotes tourism for development under the Tourism Development Programme The tourism development programme. Niue. which includes a focus on creating employment in rural areas and conserving the country’s natural environment and cultural heritage. They are also supporting development of a tourism master plan for Malawi. that ultimately help tourism. These assist in: • • Support for National Poverty Eradication Efforts a Poverty Strategies Initiative & Strategies to Overcome Poverty (STOP) a UNICEF – United Nations Children’s Fund Focus area in India • • • Health and nutrition Child protection Gender equalitya • • Educationa Water supply and sanitation • Environmenta CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 337 . Kenya. UNESCO is actively pursuing Millenium Development Goals. Ghana. Health is defined in WHO's Constitution as a state of complete physical. Scientific and Cultural Organisation UNESCO works as a laboratory of ideas and a standard-setter to forge universal agreements on emerging ethical issues. Through its strategies and activities.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report UNFPA . Morocco. a UNESCO.United States Agency for International Development The US Agency for International Development. USAID .United Nations Educational. WHO – World Health Organisation WHO's objective. mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. UNESCO works to create the conditions for true dialogue.United Nations Population Fund Focus area in India • Promotion of policy support and inter sectoral linkages between reproductive health and other services. as set out in its Constitution. especially those aiming to: • halve the proportion of people living in extreme poverty in developing countries by 2015 • • • achieve universal primary education in all countries by 2015 eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education by 2005 help countries implement a national strategy for sustainable development by 2005 to reverse current trends in the loss of environmental resources by 2015 a. is the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health. USAID provides financial assistance for tourism-related infrastructure and ecotourism activities as part of its economic development and environmental programs. The Organisation also serves as a clearinghouse – that disseminates and shares information and knowledge – while helping Member States to build their human and institutional capacities in diverse fields. USAID has funded a number of tourism projects in countries like Jordan. based upon respect for commonly shared values and the dignity of each civilisation and culture. Development co-operation includes grants to governmental and non- CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 338 . USAID’s involvement in tourism is focused on eco-tourism. which is designed to promote Jordan's tourism sector by assisting in the development of selected cultural sites. because it “offers countries new opportunities for small enterprise investment and employment and increases the national stake in protecting their biological resources. guide service. Focus area in India • • • Enhancing child survival Establishing population growth Preventing spread of infectious diseases • • Improved status of womena Protecting the environmenta NORAD – Norwegian Agency for Development Co-operation NORAD is unusual in that it has a specific political mandate for environmental programs within its development co-operation strategy. Contribute to enhancing institutional and professional capacities. Perhaps the most comprehensive relevant USAID support is to the Jordan Promotion of Cultural Tourism project. and promoting regulated investments in private lodging. such as the Biodiversity Support Program. it has also gone to cultural heritage. • CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 339 . recruiting and training staff. and other tourism ventures. which ensure administrative structures for the preservation of cultural heritage. which presents a special opportunity for effective action. including the Bonampak Mayan ruins in the Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve in Mexico.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report governmental organisations. Development co-operation is also available indirectly through USAID-funded programs. including technical assistance and provision of equipment. Though much of this assistance has been for sites focused on the natural environment. encouraging government reforms. These programs include the following priority areas within the “Preservation of Cultural Heritage and Management of the Natural Environment’s Cultural Values” section: • Implementation and follow-up of recipient countries’ commitments under the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972).” Activities are supported out of the biodiversity conservation programs and include developing national park systems (including creation of new parks). demarcating and equipping parks. for example. such as the Slave Route project and the Africa 2009 training project.Department for International Development The British Department for International Development (DFID) has recently undergone an evaluation of its role in tourism and has decided to focus on nature tourism in particular. This links directly with the development objectives described above. a To contribute towards promoting peace. To contribute towards promoting equal rights and opportunities for women and men in all areas of society. To date. democracy and human rights. a • • • • DANIDA . Focus area in India • To combat poverty and contribute towards lasting improvements in living standards and quality of life. regionally and globally. the Norwegian Agency for Development Co-operation has supported various activities relevant to the above. a To contribute towards preventing hardship and alleviating distress arising from conflicts and natural disasters. In addition. DFID is trying to bring the focus away from generation of foreign exchange earnings and toward elimination of poverty. and DFID’s goal is to generate net benefits for the poor in the context of tourism development. it has not undergone the type of extended discussion regarding potential involvement in tourism that has occurred in other agencies. with net benefits incorporating both benefits (such as jobs) and costs (such as negative cultural and environmental impacts). DFID notes that CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 340 . To promote responsible management and utilisation of the global environment and biological diversity.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • Help to ensure that important sectors accept an independent responsibility for the management of cultural heritage and areas of cultural interest (through.Danish Agency for Development Assistance Focus area in India • • • • Health Agriculture Water Supply and Sanitation Environmenta DFID . However. In such development. health and education. priority must be given to employment. environmental impact analyses). thereby promoting greater social and economic development and justice nationally. DFID has funded tourism projects in Nepal.Japan Bank for International Co-operation JBIC has provided loan for tourism development in India (Ajanta-Ellora Conservation and Tourism Development Project). DFID is the British government department responsible for promoting development and the reduction of poverty. JBIC . Uganda. such that selective market development can be appropriate. Jamaica. The Asia Branch promotes poverty reduction and sustainable development in the region through programs that support: • Economic well-being a CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 341 . Sewerage and Sanitation a Health Education a Urban/Rural Community Infrastructure a − − − − Rural Electrification Rural Roads Micro-finance Housing CIDA – Canadian International Development Agency CIDA supports sustainable development in developing countries in order to reduce poverty and to contribute to a more secure. Namibia. Dominica Montserrat. Slovakia and Slovenia. Focus area of the bank Sector-specific Information for Incorporating Social Dimensions • Economic Infrastructure a • • • • • • • • • Irrigation Flood Control Agriculture Forestry a Fishery Water Supply.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report domestic and independent travellers may create proportionally more local economic opportunities than do international/packaged tourists. equitable and prosperous world. A recent GTZ publication notes that: though tourism is not currently a priority issue in German development co-operation activities.3 below: CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 342 . GTZ and BMZ GTZ and BMZ are German Government Corporation and Ministry respectively. which assist in areas of economic co-operation development at international level. and participate in planning and evaluating the project. in India. 10. The Swedish Parliament has adopted the following six specific objectives to achieve this overall goal: • Economic growth a • Economic and political independence • Economic and social equality a • Democratic development in society • Long-term sustainable use of natural resources and protection of the environment a • Equality between men and women a Exhibit 10. Educating women in health care issues through the Women's Health and Empowerment Project has led more women to use health care services. CIDA is supporting a program that combines improving women's standard of living with their participation in community life.2. it could be a meaningful development policy option – especially where regional rural development and nature conservation are concerned – if examined critically. send their daughters to school. planned competently and carried out prudently.3 Funding Procedure The generic funding procedure adopted by the multilateral and bilateral funding agencies is presented in a flow chart in Exhibit 10.2 gives a brief description of the funding agencies and sectors funded by them. access credit.” SIDA – Swedish International Development Agency The overall goal of Swedish development cooperation is to raise the standard of living of poor people in the world. It goes on to say that the “development potential of tourism has been unsatisfactorily exploited.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • Social development a • Governance • Environmental sustainability and regeneration a For example. pursue cases of domestic violence. Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Exhibit 10.2: Multilateral Funding Agencies and Sectors Funded JBIC UNDP WB USAID SIDA DFID NORAD CIDA ADB 2 1 3 All the funding agencies UNDP WB DFID GTZ NORAD CIDA ADB 7 Funds 4 6 5 USAID WB USAID NORAD CIDA ADB DANID A LEGENDS 1 Education 2 Poverty Alleviation 3 Child Protection 4 Women Empowerment and Social Welfare 5 Water Supply and Sanitation 6 Health WB JBIC ADB UNESC O CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 343 . noise. water. solid waste disposal Present Scenario During project implementation h FEASIBILITY STUDIES Financial feasibility Socio Economic Feasibility ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ANALYSIS Detailed study of the impact of project on environment for certain specified projectsExhibit Contd… CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 344 FINANCIAL FEASIBILTY SOCIAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS . education.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Exhibit 10. income and occupational profiles Inventory of all properties and assets affected Economic activities of the people Social network and social organizations Cultural systems and sites Land use pattern and income i l d i ii INITIAL ENVIRONMENT EXAMINATION Assessment of environmental situation – land.3: Funding Procedure adopted by Funding Agencies PROJECT IDENTIFICATION/ INITIAL SOCIAL ASSESSMENT Identify stakeholders Identify vulnerable groups Involve stakeholders and vulnerable groups in consultative processes Prepare information campaign and plans for dissemination Organize public meetings SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY 20-25% of the present sample of affected population using household questionnaire Prepare demographic and psychographic profiles of Affected People (APs) Assess the present socio-economic condition of the populace Identify productive activities and l f i i d i l DATA TO BE COLLECTED Demographic. It is also important to note that while managing the eco-tourism development CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 345 .Hemkunt Sahib region only if the various government.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report 10. agencies and other local stakeholders work together in performing their responsibilities and working in cooperation.3 Institutional Framework and Roles & Responsibilities Sustainable tourism can be effected in the Valley of Flowers. the cleanliness of the trek path and solid waste collection was done by various agencies.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report in the Bhyundar valley-Hemkunt region (except Valley of Flowers National Park which is core zone of the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve) is that. Joint Forest Management in the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve region will continue to progress at the forefront of the world’s best practice in forests/biosphere management. Also. till the year 2002. Bhyundar: Over more than past two decades.1 Eco-Development Committee (EDC) EDC. listen. and learn together. including the State Department of Health (DoH) and by Zila Panchayat with some contribution from Mahila Mandal/Pulna village for a distance of CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 346 .3. 10. this is an area applicable for joint forest management. as well as will also greatly contribute to the reconciliation of conflicts in this region and the recognition & maintenance of indigenous cultural values where people and staff work. emphasis should be on the role of the Department of Forests and other government departments as those of more of regulators and facilitators rather than doers. and it took up the task of solid waste collection from June 2003 onwards.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report some 6 km from Govind Ghat upto 3 km before Bhyundar in Oct-Nov. Since Joint Forest Management (JFM) is based on the concept of “Care and Share Philosophy”. the JFM concept/EDC cannot be introduced in the Valley of Flowers National Park area (which is a core area of NDBR) as per the provisions of the Wild Life Protection Act. Funds to EDCs have been provided from the World Bank Forestry Project for the purpose of setting up revolving fund. Govind Ghat: At the time of revision of this report. Prior to EDC. and which contributed in providing dustbins. solid waste cleaning. and signage development. the Youth Valley Development Committee (YVDC)/Yuvak Mandal also worked from 1999-2000. 1972 (as amended in 1991). EDC. Govind Ghat has been formed and has CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 347 . NDBR informed that EDC. basically for forestry related works. the Director. Later in 2003 EDC. Bhyundar (Bhyundar is the migratory village of Pulna in summer/current tourist season) was set up under the provisions of State’s Joint Forest Management Rules. standardised warning/information signages. DoF may take assistance from the Public Works Department to do works like e. enroute facility structures. assembling/disassembling of all temporary structures used for provision of amenities. which although may also build the capacity & take the assistance from EDC for various labour intensive works like for monitoring/supervising the construction works/soil conservation works/cutting or pruning of dominating flora species (in noncore zones).Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report become operational during the 2004 tourism season. eco-awareness signages.g. Though. as per the needs of Department of Forests. etc.g. 1980. knowledge and skill. etc. emergency response management. Any such infrastructure should only be developed by Department of Forests (e. EDC can assist in conservation and eco-tourism. it does not have the authority to construct/develop infrastructure as per Forest (Conservation) Act.). In general. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 348 . the EDC’s have helped the Department of Forest to a great extent to conserve and protect diverse flora and fauna of the reserve through their joint support. Similarly. they are paid additional ED. DoF may play a role more of a facilitator / regulator. 1 cleaning staff is assigned the task of cleaning 1 km of the trek path from Govind Ghat – Ghangharia – Hemkunt Sahib. 1000. Joshimath plays the role of the motivator. while DFO. emergency response assistance. EDC Trained Guides: 4 of the 14 governing members of the EDC are trained nature interpreters/guides. These normally stay in the nearby settlements depending upon their assigned portion of trek path like.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report trek paths & trails/ road & parking/ bridges/civil helipad/ standardised directional signages. There are currently no women members in the governing board. Bhyundar Structure • • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 349 . Wages: The Cleaning staff and the supervisor is paid the monthly wage of Rs. EDC Aim • • • • • To keep the trek trail clean To keep this valley region free from polythene / plastics To provide employment opportunity to rural unemployed To conserve the environment of this valley region. Ghangharia or in between with polythene huts. Govind Ghat. EDC Check-post Staff: 6 members (2 persons each at three Check-posts of Govind Ghat. Cleaning Staff: 19 cleaning staff and 1 supervisor for these cleaning staff.). Any local host community/EDC involvement in the core zones (VOFNP area) has to be in a very restricted and regulated way as decided and directed by the Department of Forests. Governing Board: 14 members from the local host community. At every sack collected by the cleaning staff. return from Ghangharia and for Hemkunt Sahib trek). etc. Thus. Residential Requirement of Cleaning Staff: All the cleaning staff is nonresident of this region.00. Remaining about 60% would go in salary & per sack commission of EDC staff. jackets and trousers for staff uniform (Rs.per mule is charged on this trek path near Govind Ghat and at Ghangharia for Hemkunt Sahib trek and return from Ghangharia. Estimated Savings: None expected in the year 2003 tourist season. needs to be formalised and ensured. 40% of revenue was to be shared with Zila Panchayat (this d 20% revenue as salary for 2 persons provided by Zila Panchayat and 20% for maintenance and upkeep of Govind Ghat). Bhyundar also prepares micro plans for Bhyundar/Pulna villages within the general aims and objectives of the Plan of Management of Nanda • • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 350 . Those establishments/stalls. Estimated Expenses: In year 2003 during the study. single unit assembled toilets. 12. construction of stone masonry waste collection pits. Eco-fee from Commercial Establishments: Earlier there used to be about 400 hundred unregistered commercial stalls/establishments. 12-13/. including the revenue from the eco-development fee charged on mules in this tourist season. Bhyundar. which now have been regularised and only 78 registered stalls/establishments exist along trek path (63 from Govind Ghat to Ghangharia and 15 from Ghangharia to Hemkunt Sahib). 2500/. • Eco-development fee: Eco-development fee of Rs. the accountability that EDC cleaning staff always get their additional commission per bag of waste collected.per person for four month’s tourist season. However. fee from the registered stalls/establishments and Gurdwara Sri Hemkunt Sahib Management Trust has also provided funds of Rs. and provision of waste bins. EDC. Revenue Collection: About 8-8.5 lakhs is expected to be collected as income. 5. 500/. are registered as “Chak” and those on the land of Department of Forest’s are registered as “Chatti”. The eco-fee is decided with participation of EDC and local host community in consensus. The check-post staff is paid a total of Rs.per sack).is collected as fee from Hotels/Lodges/Restaurants at Ghangharia while Rs.per set). 750/. payment to mules on contract for carrying down the sacks to Govind Ghat. 50000/for facilities to be provided and managed by EDC.is collected from Chak Stalls in two installments for the 4-month tourist season. While at Ghangharia another 43 are regularised as hotels/lodges/restaurants/ photo studios/souvenir shops. 1500/. Rs. etc.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report commission of Rs. 2 permanent pucca toilet structures near Pulna and Ghangharia (each with 2 units for men and 2 for women). purchase of poly sacks (Rs. which are erected on the Private/Nap land.00. These stalls/establishment on registration are held accountable for proper solid waste collection and sanitation in their premises.500/. The other 14 members of the EDC are not paid any wages. 20/. etc.is collected from Chatti’s and only Rs. etc. EDC is entitled to share the resources/economic returns as per the State’s Joint Forest Management Rules. To ensure adequate arrangements are made to bring down the collected waste from Hemkunt Sahib as well. NDBR Management will direct the funds received from the Central Govt. Share of Parking Space. capacity being 25-30 kg of solid waste/hour) and the work is to be completed by next season. Govind Ghat has been formed and has become operational in the year 2004. and getting feedback before finalising the training content) Department of Tourism has recently got sanction of Rs. water proof trek shoes) /food needs when they are at work in tourist season and knowing the fact that they are not resident of this region and have come on employment from other areas/states. Govind Ghat under the Word Bank Forest Project Scheme.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Devi Biosphere Reserve for site and individual beneficiary specific proposals. to the EDC to carry out the envisaged works as incorporated in the Annual Plan of the Operation of the Reserve. Bhyundar share and only 20% for Zila Panchayat. contribution from Gurdwara/Other establishments. then they will be free to develop their own revolving fund by way of contributions and collections of funds from other sources (like. At the time of revision of this report. Community based tourism training is being planned by DFO. • • • Needs • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 351 . NDBR informed that the EDC. the Director.) During the study in the year 2003 revenue sharing arrangement of EDC was expected to be increased to 60% for EDC. The revolving fund already in the possession of EDC will continue to be used as their own Bhyundar/Pulna village bank fund and that fund will not be routed for carrying out the works of the micro plan. This amount is very meagre as compared to their temporary residential/ clothing (including rain proof wear. 25 lakhs for an incinerator plant to be installed at Govind Ghat (approx. Planned Works • EDC. Govind Ghat (under the provisions of State’s Joint Forest Management Rules) planned to be set-up in year 2004. So that about 5-10% savings could be possible to utilise as revolving fund . Joshimath (may take 15-20 days to facilitate. If no revolving fund is provided to the EDC. document the training needs.for vocational training/ education/ exposure in tourism industry for the EDC and Mahila Mandal members for on-season and offseason employment. EDC Cleaning staff’s compensation is paltry keeping in mind the commendable job they have been trying to accomplish. Ramnagar. Porters. To ensure fairness EDC should introduce small receipts to be given to cleaning staff when the filled up sacks are collected from them. EDC Structure should also have member/representatives from Gram Sabha. This would streamline the activities of them and also induce confidence among the tourists making them spend more. etc. Orientation/training to mule and service provider stakeholders. EDC staff should be provided with and ensured compliance for wearing uniform of rainproof jackets & trousers with the EDC name/logo printed on the front (in small text size) and on back (in larger text size) when on duty. Zila Panchayat and local Gurdwaras (which are the largest establishments that operate in this region in the tourist season). The colour of uniform as present . which they • • • Recommendations • • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 352 .green & yellow for the EDC members and blue & white for the cleaning staff may continue. brooms.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • Vocation training/education/exposure in tourism industry for the EDC and Mahila Mandal members for on-season and off-season employment and more local community employment. EDC should issue a photo certificate/identity cards (with their Responsibilities & Tariff instructions on the back. EDC should ensure that these uniforms and other accessories are deposited back by the cleaning staff at the end of tourist season (this can be checked before paying them the last compensation due). and monitoring of their services. Registration of Mules. and the porters and palki carriers are mostly from Nepal. Van Panchayat. Proper Mule Shed/Rest Areas and Mule Waste Disposal infrastructure. It should be the additional responsibility of the EDC to ensure that no more trees are cut beyond the existing tree line at Ghangharia or wherever it is the Forest land /Van Panchayat land /Village land it should be the responsibility of the overall local community including the members of EDC/Mahila Mandal/Gram Sabha/Van Panchayat that tree felling is not undertaken. and Palki owners/operators with Govind Ghat EDC from next year onwards. The cleaning staff may also be provided with waterproof trek shoes. Haldwani etc. Most mule owners/operators are from Nazibabad. if possible) to all the mule operators (one person per pair of mule)/porters/palki carriers (4 persons per palki/dandi) including Guides/Nature Interpreters to carry as their identity. Mahila Mandal. who cross from Nepal through near by districts for employment. EDC should construct its building/stores structure or spaces (made up of tin sheet walls & roof) to keep the equipment for maintenance. however. etc). solid waste management. which may be done on distance segment basis (every 3 km) and hence the prices should be fixed for shops between Govind Ghat to 3 km point.) and use of community as social/cultural needs. 13 km point after Ghangharia to 16 km point. 3 km point to 6 km point. it is suggested to be decided by the government in mutual discussion with its various departments & stakeholders concerned with the region (keeping in mind the various costs like. in the tourist off-season and to conduct training for local community staff. The amount of this fee could be say Rs. EDC may revise the monthly wages given to cleaning staff and commission. DoF and DoT etc. staff/daily wage salaries. at EDC Check post near Govind Ghat. Trade Community. plans for emergency insurance cover for tourists.75 km for better waste collection and cleanliness of the trek path/surroundings at all times. EDC should ensure that the price charts are • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 353 . and 16 km point to Hemkunt Sahib (19 km point). etc. 5/. so that they have access to better shelter/food / life. Gram Sabha. cost of information material. per sack commission may be decided upon and which could be higher (say 1. dismantled temporary structures of the cluster shops/kiosks/rain shelters enroute trek path. • • EDC may facilitate in providing cheap dormitory accommodation and toilet facilities for use of porters. equipments/implements/other overhead expenses. only once.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report can produce either at Ghangharia / Govind Ghat and collect their commissions per sack. and be economically self-sufficient and sustainable and support capacity building needs in the longer run. street lights. under chairmanship of the District Magistrate should work out and fix the prices just before every tourist season of the commodities that are sold in the various stalls/kiosks/outlets at the facility clusters enroute the trek path. EDC may revise the number of cleaning staff deployed and increase the deployment by providing 1 cleaning staff per 0.per person. For collecting mule excreta in sacks to be deposited at designated locations near Bhyundar/Pulna villages. 9 km point to 12 km point (Kanjila). mule operators. 6 km point to 9 km point (till just after Bhyundar). heavy rain.5 times) than that of what could be charged for a sack of nonbiodegradable waste. costs for training/capacity building. use of tourists as shelter in case of emergency (like held up due to land slides. EDC shall introduce a nominal eco-development fee per head payable by all tourists. etc. This will help in generating good revenue for the EDC to expand the staff if required. A local management committee comprising of representatives from EDC. and palki/dandi carriers. etc. thereby reducing the water quantity/pressure availability to run the turbines of the micro-hydel plant at Ghangharia. • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 354 . • EDC should monitor the compliance of registered stalls/establishments towards their responsibilities of not using fire wood for cooking/heating. should be re-used for collection and transportation of waste. and if successful be brought back in the fold of eco-tourism. requesting/encouraging customers to use waste bin and keeping surroundings clean. etc. EDC may contribute some funds (based on their revenue at the end of a season) to Gram Sabha (only if additionally required) for repair/cleaning of the open ground water tank/reservoir (before the start of every tourist season) which is connected with the river Lakshman / Hem Ganga through a channel and gets normally clogged with river sand/stones/gravel/plastic waste/fallen wood. etc. ensuring cleanliness and not dumping any waste in forest/streams in open. EDC should also ensure that sacks if in good condition. display fixed price rate charts & eco-awareness signages. NGOs. Such service providers. Initial provision of funds for this plan period (of 4-years) for such activities has been budgeted in the master plan report (refer Annexure-C under VoF section). Department of Tourism. once the compressed waste is transported to Govind Ghat for incineration / recycling. costs for any minor preventive maintenance related to micro-hydel plant system are borne out of the revenue collected from the electricity consumers at Ghangharia. ensuring provisions for proper waste collection and segregation of organic & inorganic wastes.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report neatly/clearly/in standardised format is displayed prominently at each such establishment/outlet. and clearing of shop belongings & dis-assembling of shop structure once tourist season is over. being locals may however always be encouraged to get corrected by refreshing trainings/awareness programs. EDC should utilize funds from its revenue in future on training/capacity building of the local community members and local service providers with the assistance of Department of Forests. Currently as mentioned in Chapter 2. using the required nominal contribution made by the shop owners.. EDC may also support the costs for operation of the Incinerator (existing proposal) at Govind Ghat. Any shopkeeper/owner or other service providers like mule operators/porters/palki carriers who fail to follow the regulations may be penalised/may not be permitted to do business along the trek path route in the next season. Punjab. and Hemkunt funds. maintenance. including 2 ambulances at Govind Ghat. Amritsar was given responsibility for the upkeep and further development of the route. and buildings are donated by Jathas and individual pilgrims. informing Patwari at Pandukeshwar through phone/wireless to arrange for postmortem and inform Police Chowki at Govind Ghat for any assistance required. a retired Havaldar from the Survey Department of the Indian army with his mission to continue the development of Hemkunt Sahib.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Since it is proposed that all the tourists should pay an Eco-Fee (amount as decided by the government) to trek from Govind Ghat to Hemkunt. Uttar Pradesh in 1957. With the inspiration of Bhai Vir Singh. and labour for operations. and toilets at Gurdwaras to visitors of all faiths and nationality. In the beginnings. Arrangements for health care and free medical treatment at Gurdwara dispensaries. The first five organised Jathas originated in Amritsar. by hand and helped them up the slope to the lake. and managed by the Trust. but not before entrusting Modan Singh. supplies. The Trust has normally provided: • • • • Free accommodation (along with mattresses & blankets). Support in cases of any deaths along the trek journey and bears the cost voluntarily for carrying the body down to Govind Ghat on a palki. shortly before his death Modan Singh established a seven-member Gurdwara Sri Hemkunt Sahib Management Trust to take over the management responsibilities.3. the small group of pilgrims were led up the difficult path by local men who had held the Sikh pilgrims. In 1951. The sixth started out from Kanpur. the first organised Jatha was formed in 1952. the EDC would have sufficient financial resources in future for managing the activities proposed. In 1959-60. Since Hemkunt Sahib was located in the same state then. Langar food. unaccustomed to mountain terrain. At the Gurdwaras of Govind Ghat. and providing facility of Gurdwara Ambulance to carry the body to CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 355 .2 Gurdwara Sri Hemkunt Sahib Management Trust In February of 1939. it was decided that the Chief Khalsa Diwan branch there would be entrusted with the management of the Hemkunt Shrine. Ghangharia/Govind Dham. Sant Sohan Singh passed away. Today this Trust oversees the operation of seven Gurdwaras along the route from Haridwar to Hemkunt. 10. Tin shed room for Government Dispensary at Ghangharia and 1 patient room with 3 beds for this dispensary within the Gurdwara building. It is said in 1943 or so the then British Forest Official incharge got the trek trail from Govind Ghat widened up to 4 feet wide from just a narrow trail earlier. cloak room. the Chief Khalsa Diwan. as the destination is a highly sensitive ecosystem as well. given the environmental sensitivity of the region. 50. Mules hired on contract for carrying Gurdwara supplies to Hemkunt to help in carrying the waste bags down. The Trust should provide/be responsible for: • Assistance in monitoring the route by deploying Gurdwara Volunteers/Sevadars to ensure that visitors always use the waste bins and not throw any waste on the trek path/hill slopes/streams. physically handicapped should avoid to travel on this trek path to minimise medical emergencies. Awareness programme. they shall be trained in practising & propagating the values and safeguards for environmental protection and conservation. is said to be announces after every “ardaas” (prayer) that all those who are – children below 10 years age. This is particularly significant as the dominant tourism in this region is due to the religious/sacred importance of Sri Hemkunt Sahib. This is somewhat necessary in addition as currently the existing practice of educating visitors after ardaas towards eco-awareness is not very effective from the fact that enormous volume of waste is collected from the trek path/side slopes and a lot of non-biodegradable waste can be seen along stream bends as well. patients of Asthma/Cardiac. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 356 . Apart from the selfless & cordial hospitality. and hence should participate even more actively to address the post visitation effects on this eco-sensitive region which is also part of a national level biosphere. Assistance through Gurdwara Sevadars (volunteers) for clearing/repair of trek path at higher altitudes after any avalanche enroute to Hemkunt • • • • Though the Trust is providing lots of facilities on the social sector and amenities. persons above 70 years of age. It calls for the Trust to represent itself in EDC structure (or as part of joint forest management concept) to contribute much more and with greater sincerity for a better solid waste management and environmental protection & conservation enroute the twin destinations of Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Sahib. which is seeing increased visitation by lakhs of visitors every season. irrespective of the deceased person belonging to any faith/nationality. the Trust needs to give more focus on contributing to environmental management. which apart from giving the message of keeping the trek path clean. Some parking facility/space at Govind Ghat Funds (Rs.000.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report the place of choice of their relatives within India. • • Tin shed room for Revenue Police Chowki at Ghangharia.00) for maintenance/cleanliness for trek path to EDC in each tourist season. which the Gurdwara Volunteers/Sevadars already extend to the visitors. Ensuring with an effective participation that all the non-biodegradable waste that is generated every day should be compressed mechanically and should be sent down to the Govind Ghat (for incineration/recycling) on a daily basis without fail. when the air is filled with their sweet & inspiring chants of Sat Nam Wahe Guru and as they adore the fact that other visitors who are returning from Hemkunt Sahib offer candies to enthuse/as prashad to have the strength to face the formidable journey ahead. The Trust may ensure this activity by hiring mules on their own for this purpose or shall assist EDC by providing the funds required for carrying this waste generated at Hemkunt Sahib and Govind Dham Gurdwara at Ghangharia. Despite the sanctity of the spirit of the visit. like: • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 357 . and instead uses the designated toilets only. presently one can easily see scores of these and other non-biodegradable waste lying scattered on the same trek path/side slopes from where the holy Guru had passed through. • Compliance of any waste (biodegradable kitchen waste or non-biodegradable waste) not being dumped behind the Gurdwaras in open and especially at Hemkunt Sahib and Govind Ghat. It is advised that biodegradable waste generated be buried in pits and be covered at the end of tourist season for vermi-composting or e. to see the place of his Tap Asthan and seek his blessings. from which it was observed that waste easily gets mixed and disposed off with the streams of Lakshman / Hem Ganga and Alaknanda respectively. which create nuisance at Ghangharia and nearby Bhyundar village. Assistance to the Department of Forests (as part of Joint Forest Management) in other activities. The Sevadars should also ensure that no one either from within Gurdwara staff or visitors uses soap/detergents in the Hemkunt Sarovar or Lakshman / Hem Ganga waters. Any food waste lying open after the tourist season is over attracts the wild life. The Trust should make them feel that since the religious tourists are here to walk the path that the holy Guru had taken. in the next season. while taking the holy bath (ishnan) as well as ensure no one urinates in the stream water. This would require clearing all the waste that is stacked in bags behind the Langar hall at present. Wastes’ getting mixed with stream water is likely to contaminate water that is used downstream without any treatment from Ghangharia-Bhyundar-Pulna-Govind Ghat. like bear. at Hemkunt Sahib can have a biogas plant from the kitchen/food waste which can provide energy for heating/lighting the Gurdwara/Langar hall instead of using fire wood. it is important to respect the Guru’s place and minimise the damage to environment.g.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • The Trust needs to ensure that the religious tourists are made aware of the need to respect nature from the awareness session at Govind Ghat at the start of the trek and after ‘every’ ardaas. bury biodegradable waste. and send non-biodegradable waste for recycling. or painting signages in “Gurumukhi” script of Punjabi language. − participating in a small committee assigned by Department of Forests & Department of Tourism (trained /capacity built & assigned on rotation basis) for monitoring of quality of works undertaken by EDCs.3. Practice energy conservation. 10.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report − sponsoring eco-awareness activities/clean potable water at cluster facilities enroute/ clean toilets enroute/ arranging good turntable waste bins enroute/ precast/welded mild steel benches (dark green painted) enroute trek path. − Gurdwara Sevadars can play a key role in training locals/service staff in spoken Punjabi language. Pay eco-fee as decided. Do not leave food/kitchen waste in open that may attract wild life. harvest rainwater (for any other use except drinking purposes). species. Practice fresh water management. Do not burn any non-biodegradable waste in open within valley region. etc. qualify for and retain the eco-certification. and do not litter or dispose waste in open along the access/trek paths.3 Trade Community Commercial Establishments Keeping in mind the eco-tourism requirements in the study destinations. the role of the local accommodation & food providers and other commercial establishments shall adhere to the following guidelines: • Get registered with the local eco-development committee. Offer a site-sensitive accommodation that is not wasteful of local resources or destructive to the environment and rather is inclined/contribute to protect threatened areas. • • • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 358 . Treat water directly collected from streams/springs for potable use. and aesthetics of hill regions. make arrangements for easy & proper collection of waste. Reduce wasteful consumption. Display clearly and prominently the rates & tariffs. control sewage disposal (use septic tanks and soak pits) and ensure any such effluent/waste is about 100 m away from the water bodies. Conform to the laws of eco-sensitive zones and the height of structures above ground should not exceed 2 floors (G+1) at base settlements. if the treated drinking water supply is not available. use energy efficient kerosene generators / minimise use of diesel generators. details are discussed in Chapter 5.Mules/ Palki Providers/ Porters The local transport providers including mule and palki providers and porters have a big role in the environmental management of the area. • • • • • Sale of Cheap Plastic Bags will be banned. and reduce noise levels. They should carry a photo certificate/ identify cards. Porters and Palki owners/ operators have to be registered with EDC Govind Ghat. • • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 359 . Good quality rain coats could be made available on rent on submitting the necessary deposit of money. service charges. It is advised that local trade community may work out the actual amount of security deposits along with the local management based on the procurement costs. only trained people will function as operators. Monitor. at the time of implementation of the above proposals. Sale of cheap plastic raincoats is prohibited in the region. and pollutants. Mule owners will try to also help in mule excreta collection and disposal management. Avoid or control environmentally unfriendly products. No children below the age of 14 will be employed as mule/ palki operator or porter. they will also subject the mules for compulsory health checkups and proper feeding of mules. this would induce confidence among the tourists. The main role of them would include: • Mules. If electricity is unavailable. and any penalty charges in built for loss/damage. Avoid burning fuel wood for cooking/heating. They shall abide by the standard fares decided at the beginning of the season These service operators will also have responsibility of making sure that the tourists abide by the environmental guidelines and also ensure the safety of tourists. control.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • Control and diminish air emissions. Use LPG gas / energy efficient kerosene stoves for cooking/heating. At least during periods of good sunshine using solar lanterns for lighting. Local Transport Providers. This has been discussed across Chapters 5 to 8. such as asbestos and toxic pesticides. They will have to undergo a compulsory orientation session before being given registration. Provide leadership and maintain tour groups small enough to ensure minimum impact on destinations. UK. There are many Indian tour and travel agencies that bring tourists to Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Region. Govt. 10. Prepare tourists for encounters with native flora and fauna. and get arrangements done early. etc. Some of them put up their own tent colony at Kanjila. Canada. Avoid areas that are under-managed and over-visited. of the local village has been operating from many years. Advise tourists to avoid impacts on sensitive ecosystems. Provide extensive and in-depth information to visitors. instead of providing accommodation in the TRH/FRH/Hotels/Lodges available at Ghangharia. Provide literature. Prevent accumulated impact of tourism. External Travel Agents Since the Tour Agencies/Operators play an important role in facilitating tourists. and Treasurer every 5 years. They will be trained in hospitality/ tourist friendly behaviour and monitored for the same. Work with some representatives of the Sikh community in US. Vice Chairperson. it becomes imperative that their roles & responsibilities with respect to ecotourism should adhere to the following guidelines: • • • • • • • • • • Get recognised by the Department of Tourism. Actively participate in prevention of any environmental desecration enroute or at an eco-tourism destination. Mahila Mandal Responsibilities • Mahila Mandal has contributed in past in cleaning of the trek trail before EDC was formed and were paid for the services by the Department of Forest. and elect their governing board of Chairperson. qualify for and retain the eco-certification. briefings/environmental orientation and lead by example and taking corrective actions.4 Mahila Mandal Mahila Mandal Structure Mahila Mandal. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 360 .Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report All the local trade community members will co-operate in the environmental management.3. of India and/or Uttaranchal State. All the women folk of the village are the members of this organisation. 500/. handicrafts of Ringal grass (Ringal grass or hill bamboo is a non-wood forest produce) / Jute bags (jute to be procured from outside). Wherever it is the Forest land /Van Panchayat land /Village land it should be the additional responsibility of the overall local community including the members of Mahila Mandal/EDC/Gram Sabha/Van Panchayat that tree felling is not undertaken. and grow fodder grass. 500/.per tourist season was collected. From those who burnt wood.3. during off/tourist season and which can be sold mainly during the tourist season. The 6 members currently have a gender distribution of 4 men and 2 women. • • • • 10. etc.is charged if an individual pitches a tent or Rs. Mahila Mandal is interested in contributing to plantation activities (tree plantation. Members of Mahila Mandal if trained would also like to run small household industries for making flower/other souvenirs. Wages: Van Panchayat Members are not paid any wages.5 Van Panchayat/Forest Council Van Panchayat Structure • Governing Board: Bhyundar/Pulna village has elected 7 persons for the Van Panchayat body and they chose their own Sarpanch. Mahila Mandal can also help in developing Germplasm bank / demonstration nursery at Ghangharia and can monitor the same easily (as they have already shifted in summer/tourist season to Bhyundar village and are hence close to Ghangharia) so that an ex-situ demonstration nursery/ Germplasm bank is created for tourist viewing (many tourists who do not have much time to visit Valley of Flowers and enjoy flowers in this garden at Ghangharia on payment of a nominal fee) and souvenir creation from these flowers (Institutions like NBRI can assist in transferring technology for the same).Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • Mahila Mandal has also contributed in environmental patrolling of the chak and chatti stalls to check whether they use eco-friendly fuel’s like Kerosene/LPG or burnt wood. etc. fodder grass plantation. It is proposed that these kinds of control measures be continued and exercised. penalising forest crimes (illegal felling of trees / harvesting of • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 361 .if it’s a tour group needing 5-6 tents to be pitched).) along the areas demarcated by Department of Forest / Van Panchayat to increase the tree coverage. a fine of Rs. to check erosion along landslide/avalanche prone areas. Earnings: Through charging rental fee from Tour Operators for putting tent colony at Kanjila (For a 5 day period either Rs. 100/. collecting deposit (Rs.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report grass). as per the Forest (Conservation) Act. of Revenue. Hence. It is observed that of these 53 survey units/plots. 1980. 3000/-) from each family/household for cutting and sale of grass as fodder for personal use/benefits per season of Aug. The members of Van Panchayat and other villagers/owners of these establishments are trying to make representations to state government in this regard. but now it is said that after the declaration of VOFNP. the Van Panchayat area is left to be 335 acres only. 1980. Joshimath in Nov. the Reserve Forests). sharing of deposit /income collected for cutting and sale of grass. the permission to regularise Ghangharia can never be easily obtained. etc. Under the conditions that land at Ghangharia is a Forest Land. and any regularisation can be considered only if government had taken any decision with reference to some eligibility criteria (in accordance with local needs and conditions) for regularisation before 25/10/1980. with Gram Sabha on the basis of income distribution criteria defined in the State’s Joint Forest Management Rules for welfare work in the Bhyundar/Pulna. • Expenses: Use of funds for forestry & conservation works. However. The district/state administration may have to think about declaring this as a Revenue land so that the existing establishments/encroachments can be regularised and future growth can be controlled under the same. This revenue survey map is in draft state with a record of 53 establishments (including the trek path area as circulation space within the Ghangharia base settlement) spread over an area of 2. However. Even the Ghangharia land is also assumed to be Forest Land.e.638 ha. Earlier Van Panchayat area was spread over 19635 acres from Govind Ghat to Rataban area (formed from Class I Forests. the regularisation in the present case of Ghangharia is expected to be a difficult issue. i. as per the provisions of the Forest (Conservation) Act.-Nov. Van Panchayat Responsibilities Van Panchayat Concerns • • It entails basically Protection and Conservation of Forests under its Area as per Forest CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 362 . the encroached land in Ghangharia has been surveyed by the Dept. 52 came into existence before end of 1980. 2002 as a prerequisite to the proposal of regularisation. in no case any of those encroachments which have taken place after 24/10/1980 should be regularised. 6 Gram Sabha/Village Council As per the 73rd Constitutional Amendment of 1992. Undertake any other activities/execution of activities as instructed by the Divisional Forest Officer (DFO). has been made the soul of the Panchayat institutions to discuss and decide their own problems. 1980. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 363 . Contribute funds/Participate in Welfare of Village Communities related to its area Wherever it is the Forest land /Van Panchayat land /Village land it should be the additional responsibility of the overall local community including the members of Van Panchayat/Mahila Mandal/EDC/Gram Sabha that tree felling is not undertaken. The village people elect members of the Gram Sabha and Gram Pradhan for 5 years. etc. The various responsibilities of Van Panchayat are: • • • • • Patrolling of Forests/Land under its area and control over illegal tree felling pruning of tree branches. • • • • • 10. This will foster maximum accountability and transparency of administration and public awareness at the village level. picking fallen fire wood. the 'Gram Sabha'. Permit the sale of forest produce like. consisting of all eligible voters. to the eligible beneficiaries for personal use/benefits Permit the individuals/tour operators to pitch tents on the Van Panchayat land at Kanjila for a nominal fee or lease for short-term for tent resorts every season. fodder grass. and take action against perpetrators of such crime. Gram Sabha have been empowered with such powers and authorities as are necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-governance. and fodder grazing Undertake steps to stop any encroachment on forest land Conservation of wild life and their protection Maintenance and protection of boundary pillars Ensure arrangement for protection of forests from fire and assist the Department of Forests fully for this cause.3.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report (Conservation) Act. and to further people's participation in various development programmes in a democratic way. Joshimath under the approved micro-plan head/from time to time. per bulb point connection from establishment at Ghangharia. The staff is trained by UREDA and collects the monthly electricity consumption charges at the rate of Rs. costs for any minor preventive maintenance related to micro-hydel plant system are borne out of the revenue collected from the electricity consumers at Ghangharia. "Minor Forest Produce. 35/. – Dec." and "Fuel and fodder" are amongst the 29 departments transferred to the panchayats. Gram Sabha may also get some revenue shared by Van Panchayat as donation. ideally this would mean that the women elected to the panchayats would play a key role in the management of the forests. & Feb.if it wants to receive power fully from the above micro-hydel plant. which already looks after the maintenance of the micro-hydel plant at Ghangharia. Bhyundar/Pulna village is a woman in fact. thereby reducing the water quantity/pressure availability to run the turbines of the micro-hydel plant at Ghangharia. Gram Sabha may request some funds from EDC (only if additionally required) for repair/cleaning of the open ground water tank/reservoir (before the start of every tourist season) which is connected with the river Lakshman / Hem Ganga through a channel and gets normally clogged with river sand/stones/gravel/plastic waste/fallen wood. Full season (4 months) contracts are also done by Govind Dham Gurdwara for Rs. A maintenance fund may be created through nominal deposits of the beneficiaries of solar energy equipments (for cooking/lighting/heating in clear sunshine durations from Oct. which Van Panchayat collects on account of giving permission to interested village households for cutting and sale of grazing grass.. 80.000/. "Social forestry and Farm Forestry. Thus. Also. etc.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Apart from the normal social and welfare activities for the Bhyundar/Pulna village. The amendment also emphasises representation for women and SCs and STs to be ensured through reservation of a minimum of 1/3rd of members. In the 11th schedule. Currently as mentioned earlier. These elected members should CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 364 . the Gram Sabha also undertakes the responsibility of operating and minor maintenance of the Micro-Hydel Plant (2x50KW turbines) at Ghangharia. – May) at the village level that can be managed by the Gram Sabha. The current Pradhan of the Gram Sabha. 3. Additional responsibilities will include more involvement in the environment management along with the EDC. Wherever it is the Forest land /Van Panchayat land /Village land it should be the additional responsibility of the overall local community including the members of Gram Sabha/Van Panchayat/Mahila Mandal/EDC. which now can be taken up by EDC. fix the parking rates (large vehicle. two-wheelers) and collect the parking charges on contract Provides toilet facilities at Govind Ghat Responsibility of cleanliness and sanitation at Govind Ghat. that tree felling is not undertaken. 10. Micro planning should be specially emphasised in the trainings. including in monitoring of construction or any other such illegal activities at the beginning of the off season. fixing prices of commodities before the season. Govind Ghat Provides land for mule sheds at Ghangharia and Govind Ghat (does not charge any fees as the mule shed infrastructure is not developed and mule CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 365 . etc. small vehicle.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report be trained by committed NGO’s.7 Zilla Panchayat (ZP) Zilla Panchayat has performed the following functions in the Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt region till recently: • • • • Maintains the ZP parking at Govind Ghat. in order to enable the elected functionaries to prepare village development plans themselves rather than depend upon the government officials. The Zilla Panchayat role may reduce in the study region. as the EDC. and especially the Valleys CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 366 . Govind Ghat During the study in 2003.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report operators erect their own temporary arrangements as mule shed and their shelter) • • Fixation of rates for transportation services (mules/porters/palki) on the trek path Earlier contribution in cleaning the trek path from Govind Ghat – Ghangharia – Hemkunt Sahib (now taken over and carried out only by EDC) Zilla Panchayat Revenues • • Fees charged at ZP Parking spaces. it is still suggested that ZP may take up the responsibility of providing support services like temporary sloped roofed structure for large proper mule sheds at settlements.3. 10. Govind Ghat is now formed as per the joint forest management provisions in the biosphere. EDC – Bhyundar had to share 40% of revenue this year with Zilla Panchayat (this includes 20% revenue as salary for 2 persons provided by Zilla Panchayat and 20% for maintenance and upkeep of Govind Ghat). etc. proper/cheap dormitory accommodation for mule operators/porters/palki carriers/ cleaning staff and community toilet facility for such labour. continuing the vehicle parking management.8 Department of Forests The Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt region is a part of the NDBR. Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report of Flowers National Park being one of the two core zones (core zone-II) of the NDBR. one Valley of Flowers Information Centre at Ghangharia and one Forest Ranger’s Checkpost after Ghangharia at the VOFNP entrance. Development and upkeep of the trek route within the tourism zone of the park. Providing impetus to the tourism and providing local employment (through EDC. The habitat management works and other patrolling and related works are carried out from the funds received under management of “Parks and Sanctuaries” from the Department of Forest every year. Infrastructure development. Maintenance of the park and keeping it free from any kind of polluting material. Strict control on illicit removal of herbs and on poaching. Department of Forests. the region is under active control of the Office of the DFO. The management of the Valley of Flowers National Park has been based on the following objectives and considerations: • • • • • • Keeping control on the extent and wide spread growth of the fast growing and pioneering flowering herb – the Polygonum polystachyum. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 367 . etc. Joshimath. A Forest Range Officer with a team of Beat Guards is deployed in the region with facilities of a FRH at Govind Ghat and Ghangharia.). shall ensure that main Valley of Flowers is visited only by hard core/well oriented & sensitised nature enthusiasts/research scholars/eco-tourists and should try to promote an ex-situ demonstration nursery/shadow garden named as Germplasm bank of endangered species of VoF as suggested by Chief Wildlife Warden or given any other name as felt appropriate by DoF on the land of forest between end of Ghangharia settlement and the VOFNP entrance. The Department of Forests. tourists’ enroute pay a fine or revoking the registration/license to work in this area for shopkeepers and tour operators. But from point of view of awareness/orientation to environmental protection and conservation. EDC. The Department of Forest/Department of Tourism should create checks to ensure that those who do not comply with environmental guidelines and notices should be penalised like.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report The Department of Forests may continue to have an active role in the National Park area. It is proposed that the Department of Forests/EDC may rent for a nominal fee or lease for short-term for tented resorts every season some of its vacant land just ahead of Ghangharia for additional accommodation at Ghangharia (this is not a permanent construction and will not increase any diversion of forest land as an encroachment/necessitating regularisation). Mahila Mandal. It should be the responsibility of the EDC to ensure that no more trees are cut beyond the existing tree line at Ghangharia or wherever it is the Forest land /Van Panchayat land / Village land it is the responsibility of the overall local community including the members of EDC/Mahila Mandal/Gram Sabha/Van Panchayat. Van Panchayat. Govind Ghat. Gram Sabha. Govind Ghat) has fair representation of local community members from Bhyundar/Pulna village. Bhyundar and EDC. This will also help to contain the numbers of not so conservation oriented tourists visiting the Valley and at the same time by providing easy access to major species flowering in the garden without much CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 368 . and local Gurdwaras (which are the largest establishments that operate in this region in the tourist season).g. but in the present case where about 95% of the economy is tourism oriented it should mainly play a facilitator role & regulator role and should oversee that the local body created for management of the ecology and tourism (e. These gardens which act as more resilient sites would be accessible on payment of a nominal fee for quick visit by those tourists who have shortage of time and will also help understand flora population growth to scientist/scholars/eco-tourists as well. concerted efforts from the Department of Forests would be necessary both for the local community and tourists through training for trainer programmes in the Centre for Eco-tourism and Sustainable Livelihoods (till such small infrastructure is created at Ghangharia/Bhyundar/Pulna) or at the Valley of Flowers Information Centre (during the slide or video shows as planned in future). Zilla Panchayat. Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report of a trek would avoid adverse word by mouth publicity that even after trekking long distances in the Valley of Flowers not much variety of flowers are seen. The State of Uttaranchal has already taken a pro-active step by designating Conservator of Forests. GMVN and Forest Ranger who may be trained/capacity built with necessary format for monitoring/reporting on the works carried out by these EDCs. etc. Mahila Mandal. local Gurdwara. The Department of Forests shall strictly patrol and monitor the region especially in the month just before and after the tourist season to ensure that the local community/ establishments do not resort to any illegal cutting/ clearing of trees. The Department of Forests should strictly monitor the works carried out by the EDCs/others on its behalf as assistance. fodder grass plantation. to check erosion along landslide/avalanche prone areas. supply saplings at subsidised rates including signing an agreement for upkeep & protection by individuals. providing know-how. identifying suitable species of fruits & vegetables on their lands. micro-credit for Self Help Groups (SHGs) for manual processing of raw produce & to facilitate easy cartage. Identification of species. the Department of Forests through their local forest/horticulture staff can help in agro-forestry on the lands of local host community by providing motivation to individuals. and grow fodder grass. The Department of Forests can train the local community members especially from Mahila Mandal/local educated youth to assist in maintaining these nursery/gardens and other plantation activities (tree plantation. in which the Department of Forests can assist. The Department of Forests & Department of Tourism may assign a small committee of say 2 members (on rotation every tourist season) from Van Panchayat. training & capacity building including documentation & export permits for growing of rare medicinal plants/herbs. Eco-tourism at Dehra Dun. Also. seeds/samplings. This post has been created to act as the Nodal Officer for eco-tourism development in the state and to undertake following responsibilities: • Supervision of Centre for Eco-tourism and Sustainable Livelihoods CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 369 . and should ensure release of funds only on the satisfaction of the quality of work. and providing some practical exposure to these individuals through site visits to those areas where people have successfully adopted this practice. which are threatened or are suitable for captive growing with a good market value is another area of intervention in fallow/low yield crop lands of interested individuals of the local host community. Association of Commercial Establishments.) along the areas demarcated by Department of Forest to increase the tree coverage. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 370 . This centre will also collaborate with local. To formulate policy and controls for this centre an independent committee has been registered. the Master Plan for development of Eco-Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt is prepared for the Department of Tourism. This institution is to be developed as a premium environmental education. advertisement. The centre will conduct programmes without any clashes/competition with other state programmes run by Department of Tourism and Department of Forests and Environment. and give policy based suggestions to state and central government. whose purpose would be to evaluate the progress of eco-tourism development. small and medium entrepreneurs get opportunity to play a major role in the management of natural and cultural heritage and resources and to address issues related to livelihood. at Chunakhan (Ramnagar). state and international organisations associated with eco-tourism. 10. training. sales. It should also support in destination promotion.9 Department of Tourism • In the present case. Government of India. Initial provision of funds for this plan period (of 4-years) for training/capacity building activities has been made for Department of Forests / EDC utilisation to get the future trainers in the study region trained at such institutes. This project may ultimately be executed under the guidance of a state level eco-tourism committee which may be constituted under the Uttaranchal Tourism Development Board (UTDB). The Department of Forests has also set-up a Centre for Eco-tourism and Sustainable Livelihoods. recommend eco-tourism projects with due provisions for safety and health care of tourists.3.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • • • Coordination of eco-tourism programmes of the Department of Forests and Environment Providing support on eco-tourism projects to Department of Tourism and Uttaranchal Tourism Development Board (UTDB) Development of Eco-tourism policy and rules/regulations. and publicity. so that local host communities. The following programmes will be conducted by this centre: • • • • • • Capacity building Publication and awareness programmes Policy research Projects Product development Process documentation. and will ensure coordination with activities of Uttaranchal Tourism Development Board. and research centre for promoting eco-tourism. The hospitality staff may be trained by the Department of Tourism and should sport uniforms/badges to indicate that these staff are well-trained service staff and are recognised by the Department of Tourism. • The Department of Tourism and the Government of Uttaranchal may deliberate and formulate a comprehensive policy for regulation and management of religious tourism in this region. The Department of Tourism/UTDB in collaboration with UDEC shall facilitate expression of interest/tendering process and development of basic infrastructure and public amenities and assist Department of Forests for works in NDBR areas. and monitor the quality of the work. The Department of Tourism should try to arrange external assistance/funding from multilateral agencies to execute the master plan for development of eco-tourism in the Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt in a best possible manner and make available financial support for training and running eco-tourism businesses. Department of Tourism.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Environmental guidelines/notices/messages should be prominently displayed not only enroute the trek path but also at each establishment including Gurdwara. Representatives of Local Host Community. which form a major component of the entire tourism in the region. • The Department of Tourism/UTDB should formulate/control the guidelines to categorise the standards for infrastructure/hospitality for Hotel/Lodge/Restaurant business and other services in eco-tourism sector. Rishikesh and release them based on concurrent facilities available at Govind Ghat & Ghangharia). The Department of Tourism should get associated with Department of Forests to promote/publicise the rules for the tourism activities as defined by the Department of Forests for the Nanda Devi Eco Tourism Zone (a part of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve). Department of Transportation. Department of Forests. • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 371 . to the needs of development and sustenance of environment friendly tourism in the region. BRO. etc. In this regard. This would help in sensitising the religious tourists and religious institutions. which gels with the requirements of the existing eco-tourism policy with respect to the tourism in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve region. Public Works Department. the Government of Uttaranchal may initiate a dialogue/discussion with the Gurdwara Sri Hemkunt Sahib Management Trust (explore options keeping in mind the fact that the VoF-Hemkunt region has limited capacities to absorb tourist traffic and thus whether to control the flow of such tourists from places of origin of travel itself in this area like. The Department of Tourism may run registration and eco-certification program for businesses associated with nature/eco-tourism. trek path. The Department of Tourism currently has Tourist Bureau offices at Gopeshwar and Joshimath for collection and analysis of tourist arrival data/tourism statistics and preparation /monitoring of schemes for tourism development in the Chamoli district. Even tourists who bring back their non-biodegradable waste can get a part of their eco-fee refunded on deposit of the waste at Govind Ghat and get a free souvenir (signed picture postcard of Valley of Flower or Hemkunt/dry flower memorabilia) declaring them an Eco-Tourist and whose names would be posted at the “Friends of the Valley of Flowers” Programme web page. The other nearest TRHs are the Old and New TRH complexes at Joshimath. whether it is through signages/information boards/print media/electronic media/internet media.10 Public Works Department The State Public Works Department (PWD). directional signages. restaurant with best ambience & hygiene. for which this destination is nominated to UN. which already maintains the trek path from Govind Ghat-Ghangharia-Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Sahib can continue to assist/participate in development & maintenance of trek paths & trails/ road & parking/ bridges/ civil helipad. medical service. environmental protection and conservation. etc. The DoT/ DoF /local management. human resource development/training. This would be necessary to ensure an image of this destination commensurate with prestige of a World Heritage Site. emergency rescue. etc.) and − rewards to those establishments/organisations in the Valley of FlowersHemkunt region that show the best results in terms of managing shops/kiosks. etc. etc.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • The state level eco-tourism committee/UTDB should provide: − incentives (in terms of self-employment loan assistance. shall also ensure that only consistent information is displayed that is supported by the official line. • The Department of Tourism /Department of Forest should create checks through a small monitoring committee to ensure that those who do not comply with environmental guidelines and notices should be penalised like tourists’ enroute pay a fine or by revoking the registration/license of shopkeepers/other service providers working in this area. the best guide/nature interpreter. toilet facilities. • • • 10. The Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam (GMVN) has a presence in the form of a well-maintained TRH at Ghangharia. tax benefits/deferment for private sector participation.3. etc. and CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 372 . best hotel/lodge. 12 Electricity Departments The State Electricity Board (SEB) will be responsible for provision and maintenance of electricity supply connected through grid (e. 10. the newly planned piped water supply intake. and equipping the first aid centers enroute the trek route with equipment/medicines. & distribution scheme for Govind Ghat with water source near Pulna) and any new sewerage system proposals in future.11 Jal Nigam and Jal Sansthan Departments The Jal Nigam department will continue to provide new piped water supply system arrangements in the region (e.13 Department of Telecommunications The Department of Telecommunications (DOT) will continue to be responsible for creating any new telephone exchanges. While. the planned maintenance & upgradation of water supply system at Ghangharia. equipping the Govt.3. 10. connectivity and quality of performance of telrcommunication. etc.g. storage.3. 10.) in the region.g. continue to use its wireless communication network/facility for surveillance and patrolling for forest & wild life protection in the region.g. While.3. 10. The Department of Forests may however. and any other maintenance & upgradation of water supply system at Bhyundar and Pulna in future). maintenance of Solar Street Light System. the Uttaranchal Renewable Energy Development Agency (UREDA) will be responsible for undertaking any major repairs (including funding the same) to the Micro-Hydel Plant (2 x 50 KW capacity turbines) at Ghangharia. CellOne Mobile/Cellular Communication Service. The Department of CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 373 . Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) may be responsible for continuing/introducing it’s new services (e. While. and provision of any new micro-hydel plant or solar street lighting systems in the region. the Jal Sansthan department will continue to maintain & upgrade the existing water supply schemes in the region (e. restoration of electricity supply up to Kanjila via Bhyundar and regular process of preventive maintenance for the same after the tourist season is over by avoiding the damage to electricity pole & distribution lines due to avalanche in winters).Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report assist in any emergency response situations with men & equipment under due permissions/regulations of the Department of Forests. medical relief center under construction at Govind Ghat with equipment/medicines/staff.g. emergency health care unit with equipment/medicines/staff at Ghangharia. training the plant staff as appointed by Bhyundar/Pulna Gram Sabha.14 Department of Health The Department of Health shall assist in developing and equipping the proposed small Govt.3. A Revenue Chowki is positioned at Ghangharia during the tourist season. It was informed that attempts are being made to get the Ghangharia land to be regularised as per the provisions of the Forest (Conservation) Act. the Department of Health shall advise DoF/EDC to initiate appropriate action accordingly. Ghangharia. and regular monitoring of the same. Any accidents/crimes are reported to Patwari through wireless available at FRH/telephones. The Department of Health shall also take up the responsibility of certification of the quality of the food services offered and the overall hygiene of the facilities at Govind Ghat.3. In case of any penal action necessary against such services/facilities. 10. Hemkunt. Department of Revenue. and Gurdwara sevadars and prepare them as paramedics who can assist Department of Health in running above mentioned medical facilities. and the entire trek route. 1980.15 Department of Revenue The part of district administration including law and order in the Valley of FlowersHemkunt region falls under the jurisdiction of Patwari. giving training in paramedical assistance to interested/eligible educated members of EDC/local youth/Mahila Mandal from local community. Pandukeshwar. VoF. so that the current land/plot holdings are regularised as lands diverted for non-forest use and future development can be controlled and regulated CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 374 .Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Health shall also assist in building the capacity of the local resources in medical health care like. The development at Ghangharia has happened in a very haphazard and unregulated manner over the past years. Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report by the Department of Revenue as per a revenue map till the tree line at Ghangharia. as and when assigned by the government.1. Community Participation has been discussed in the previous development and management chapters 5 to 9 and particularly in the implementation section on roles and responsibilities in Chapter 10. undertake the training of the stakeholders of the joint forest management Undertake any other activity related to joint forest management. The NGOs working in the field of environment could also sponsor research in the region. and other government departments in making understand the importance of various activities in the joint forest management area As a trainer. 10.3. Department of Forests.1 Approach to Development CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 375 . COMMUNITY BENEFITS & HRD This section attempts to undertake a systematic study on socio-economic impact of tourism development in the Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Region. The NGOs could also contribute by training the local community especially the Mahila Mandal in skills for preparing souvenirs etc and formation of selfhelp groups (SHGs). the approach to make the local community partners in the eco-tourism development and to develop human resources for the envisaged employment opportunities. 10. Any tourism related building/utility development in Bhyundar/Pulna village land should also be controlled and regulated by the Department of Revenue as per a revenue map of these villages.1 Community Participation 11. • • • • 11.16 Role of NGOs • • Assist in mentally preparing the local host community through awareness and propagation for joint forest management activities/services May act as a co-ordination link between the local host community. the same way there could be women initiatives as well. Groups have been formed in many villages adopted in districts like Uttarkashi. Mahila Mandal representatives.2 Community-based Tourism An effective way to improve the economy in the valley and to enable communities to improve the quality of life will be through social mobilisation of people. This will involve community participation in tourism activities such that the benefits of development are equitably distributed. etc. hence local villagers should be involved in these activities. Focus on self-help . CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 376 . Women have been mobilised to form small groups for savings & credit for improving the economic conditions of the individual women. EDC and other stakeholder representatives. etc. The same model can be adopted for the Bhyundar valley. Tehri. to form Self Help Groups in the area to set up sustainable activities. Yuvak Mandal. This will include improved access to education/training and other social services of the community. The approach to development should therefore be such so as to reach the grassroot level.Activities should be aimed to help people better understand the opportunities they have to improve their own situation. NGT session to understand their perception towards development and community participation. Also. but rather build the capacity of existing local/regional organisations to be able to plan and implement tourism activities on their own in a sustainable manner. Gram Sabha. The populaces in general are more than willing to actively participate in the tourism development. This will provide local job opportunity at one hand and on the other hand will win local goodwill and support. Most of the activities are proposed to be run by the local community itself.Prime focus (and beneficiaries) of the project should be Environment Monitors like EDC. trade community etc. Women in local host community etc. Trainings should be given to Mahila Mandal and local NGOs/other organisations like EDC. at various levels including individual discussions. Micro-credit has been given to them for starting small enterprises for generating additional income and thus improving their overall economic condition. Most of the work involved in development is labour intensive. Government Role as a Facilitator – State Government should try to avoid implementing activities themselves. • • 11. This approach can be applied across the following areas of attention: • Target group oriented approach . especially into Self Help Groups (SHGs).1. Role of Government bodies is particularly important in imparting development and management regulations. brain storming group sessions. There are already initiatives like the Eco Development Committee (EDC). eco-tourism is about being managed by the local community to make it sustainable. Van Panchayat.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report The Consultants interacted extensively with the local community. a well-planned and regulated tourism for this region is the need of the hour. The following section explores the possibility of tourism benefits reaching the local community in a planned manner so as to improve the overall socio-economic condition prevalent in the Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt region. Establish and promote a different way of conducting tourism. Tourism has the potential to change the economic face of any region and benefits of planned tourism development are manifold. The broad objectives of such a development plan is: • • • • • • Socio-economic development and economic empowerment Enhance local participation in tourism activities Providing more avenues for tourists to increase their expenditure in a way that the economic benefits reach the community Economic and ecological sustainability Socio-cultural consciousness and Improving gender equality for enhanced women participation in economic development. conform to standards of architectural aesthetics and hospitality.2. co-ordination and joint co-operation focusing on tourism quality and reliability. the Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt being areas of National Park and Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve. improving their quality of life and actively conserving the region's biodiversity and natural resources and be accountable for the same. For this the involvement of local community is very critical. and are economically profitable. The focus therefore is to: • • • 11. Create and strengthen community entrepreneurial activities such that they are well administered. As discussed in the earlier chapters. both direct and indirect. This is true for any region where tourism development has taken place anywhere in the world.2 Benefits to Local Communities Development of tourism in hill regions of Himalayan range provides an excellent opportunity for achieving a diversification in addition to providing a wide range of benefits. Establish a forum for communication. social. and economic sustainability. but not at all in a planned way and with less consideration to environmental management and standards for aesthetics and quality hospitality. and environmental. to the local host community of the region.1 Current Situation CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 377 . wherein local people are the owners and have control over entrepreneurial activity.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report 10. tourism has emerged as an important economic activity in the Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt region and the local populace has been able to participate and benefit directly from limited tourism activities. Moreover. making souvenir of dry flowers. Govind Ghat. etc. rajma. Joshimath. Joshimath. for civil contractor works). photo post cards. ecomaintenance of trek paths/facilities. Pandukeshwar. Some of the potential direct and indirect benefits related to socio-economic and infrastructural development that might accrue to the people consequent to development of tourism in this region are delineated below. There is a strong agreement that the development of proper tourism infrastructure. especially the local community. running/renting . the pressures of earning as early as possible has led to the low level of formal education in the Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt region.hotel/lodge/restaurant businesses or migration to nearby work centres (like Ghangharia. Employment CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 378 . 11. It offers employment to skilled. and the marketing/management of local tourism products (lodges. chaulai & mandwa for flour. which collects eco-fees for keeping the trek path and surroundings clean and registering shops and businesses. marketing. It generates employment. As mentioned earlier.). eco-guides. wheat. nature interpretation services. posters. handicrafts made up of Ringal grass – small baskets/ vase / lampshades/ hats/ stationery holders/ carry bags or hand bags.2 Direct Benefits Some of the direct benefits accruing to the local community of the region as a result of tourism development are: Employment Opportunities in Tourism Sector Tourism industry has high potential of employment generation. which is sometimes seasonal also. working with eco-development committee. sale of T-shirts/Trek Suits/Cap souvenirs with Valley of Flowers logo imprints. either through casual labour. coloured brochures/black & white trek path-cum-flower composition map of Valley of Flowers. mostly men.) have the most potential to generate local jobs and income. people also need to bring in some form of cash income. Migration for paid work is observed to be largely seasonal (in the tourist season migration for work takes place to Ghangharia and Govind Ghat including along the trek path and in the tourist off-season to Pandukeshwar.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report In earlier times people of Bhyundar/Pulna relied on their agriculture. etc. And this trend seems increasingly becoming permanent for some. which are maintained and run by locals. etc. and limited vegetables) and livestock farming (limited milch cattle and mules are kept. etc. restaurants. Some people bring in income through the sale of grass for grazing. both directly in the tourism sector and indirectly in various support and resource management sectors. livestock and surrounding resources for almost all their needs and were largely self-sufficient. though the level of nature/eco-awareness amongst the local community is good. The causes can be attributed to the pressure of getting employed as early as possible leading to discontinued education beyond secondary school levels. The recommendations for the training and education have been separately dealt with in the following sections. as goats & sheeps are hardly kept by many due to the ban on grazing after declaration of the Valley of Flowers as National Park in 1982) alone can no longer sustain households for the whole year.2. etc. some cottage industries (development of ex-situ demonstration nursery/ Germplasm bank. participation in afforestation (patches of hill land identified by Department of Forests & Van Panchayat). semiskilled and unskilled workers. It was observed that there is much concern with the lack of local employment opportunities resulting in migration. Today agricultural farming (potato. guides/nature interpreters. to name a few. 1.industries e. cultural troupes. and transporting and depositing the same at the EDC Stores at nearest villages/settlements identified Most of the development at local levels would have to be driven by the enterprise which would invest in hotels/lodges. etc. These small enterprises shall be primarily put up by the local people themselves. souvenir shops. photographers. Development of Enterprise Tourist expenditure at a particular tourist area greatly helps the development of the surrounding areas. accounts for more than 50 percent of the total employment generated. eateries. The proposed development will also stimulate the establishment of local tourism enterprises. These provide opportunities for local capital investment. Setting up village based shops: There exists enough scope of income generation by setting up of village based tourist centres. It can generate work for the construction industry and a wide range of other supporting. People are undoubtedly the most important resource in tourism industry as it provides highly personalised service to customers. handicrafts/souvenir shops. Some of the activities that emerged as a possible source of income generation in the region are as given below. people from nearby regions are also seasonally dependent in low profile works like mule drivers. In addition to the host community. technically upgraded agriculture implement making. in the project area. Ringal grass products. The wares could be continued to be produced in off season and can be sold during the tourist season or in other CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 379 . information and communication centres. Development of tourism along with human resource development and training of the local people will lead to income creation among the local populace.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report opportunities are generated in hotels.g. publishing & printing. profits made from the enterprises and generally developing a sense of entrepreneurship that may not have existed previously in the area. tea/snack shops. restaurants. etc. It has been estimated that the tourism and hospitality sector. income. etc. restaurants. wood craft / handicraft shops. etc. jobs. The availability of jobs and better living conditions due to tourism will also reduce the migration of young people from the region to seek employment elsewhere. porters. handicrafts (souvenir). recreational centres. It can provide jobs for a large number of unskil1ed/semiskilled workers. Entrepreneurs for running various cluster facilities enroute can hire local people and mules for assembling the proposed temporary structures/accessories before the start of tourist season as well dis-assembling the same once the tourist season is over. household electrical and mechanical goods. trek path sweepers. along with the catering sector. The local people can be provided micro-credit in order to keep high quality milch cattle with the assistance from Department of Animal Husbandry (with respect to good breeding methods for high yield quality milch cattle).Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report markets further down south. This would undoubtedly lead to improvement in the levels of education and training being imparted at present. Bee keeping can be popularised by providing technical know how and basic bee colonies and bee boxes. 4. This can be another source of economic development. Traditional Wool industry: Wool production of the region (villages of Govind Ghat. 3. People seeking employment in various arenas of the tourism and hospitality industry would propel them to upgrade their own skills and education levels for gainful employment in the sector. local people should be trained/encouraged for agro-forestry which suits to the local settings and which do not hamper the basic crop yield in these villages of Bhyundar/Pulna or Govind Ghat or in vacant Van Panchayat lands. this is still at the very marginal level and caters to only home needs. Better Education and Training The growth in employment opportunities in the tourism sector would also lead to general upliftment of the levels of education in the region. There exists a lot of potential for bee keeping since not only flowers but the crops that locals grow also bear good flowers. Poultry and Beekeeping: Poultry is a traditional practice. The involvement in maintaining their own community. etc. 2. like in Joshimath (where some tourism visitation exists for whole of the year) and settlements below. if improved. Animal Husbandry: Milch cattle and milk are of high demand. environment and developing skills will lead to self efforts to improve quality of life and improve their self-esteem. Involvement of local CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 380 . This activity will also result in availability of another avenue of fodder and fuel to individuals mostly from their own fields to save them from the drudgery of fodder and fuel wood collection and thereby to reduce pressure on the nearby reserve forest areas. Improved Standard of Living Improvement in the general standard of living of the people in any region is directly dependent on the nature and volume of employment opportunities in the region. Tourism industry being an important sector of the overall service industry thus contributes to the upliftment of the living standards of the population thereby driving the economic development of any region. can generate income. However. especially in the tourist season. Increased tourist inflow into the region means more tourist expenditure in the local economy. Bhyundar/Pulna). Apart from the collection of grass and other bio-mass over the rocky slopes. which in turn leads to an improved standard of living of the local host community. Thus. Sanitation. clean and nonpolluted natural places. Environmental protection of the Valley of FlowersHemkunt Belt is therefore perceived as an essential component for long-term success of tourism in this region. the local population itself shall decide the kind and extent of social upliftment in the region.2. Mule Services. Roads/Trek Path. it will ensure a regulated tourism that will benefit all and achieve environmental sustainability in the region. Health Care. the socio-cultural exchanges between the tourists and the host community is bound to lead to social upliftment of the region. etc. It is expected that through the cooperation and productive interaction of the tourism industry. The overall environmental quality of the area will improve as a result of sustainable tourism and preference of tourists to visit attractive. Social Upliftment and Improved Quality of Life With more tourists flowing into the region and with improved levels of education. better land development and landscaping will also be effected. environmental protectors and the local community. The local host community would be the sole decider of what and how much it would allow to develop and what would be the face of “responsible tourism experience” in the region. This will have a direct bearing on the health and nutrition of the local populace. Sustainable Environmental Practices The environment is the basis for the natural and cultural resources for attracting tourists in the region. Power. 11. historical and cultural heritage. but the host community can derive maximum benefits out of this phenomenon by going with the concept of responsible tourism development. Such a sociocultural exchange of ideas does have its flip side too. As tourism acts as a catalyst for redevelopment of places. especially children who are most susceptible to pollution. The tourism development activities will also include increasing awareness towards the conservation of natural and cultural assets both among the locals and tourists. Tourism will also encourage a greater environmental awareness and sense of cultural identity by residents when they see tourists enjoying the environmental. Solid Waste Disposal. Tourism development shall be the desired catalyst for this phenomenon. Development of tourism in the region calls for development of certain essential CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 381 .3 Indirect Benefits Some of the indirect benefits accruing to the local community of the region as a result of planned tourism development are: Infrastructure Development/Services –Water.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report people in the tourism development will lead to an empowered skilled community. Harvesting flowers in a demonstration nursery at Ghangharia area can also be an important economic activity in the Valley area. and a cottage industry could produce souvenirs out of these as another alternative source of income.-Nov. as flora in the region is very specific to altitude and other ecological conditions. Some of the regional people have started selling grass. The basic infrastructure-any roads. the demand for grass as feed went up tremendously. Some experts have pointed out that few experiments in the past have failed. is not solely for catering to the tourists. indirectly. Furthermore. the provision of infrastructure would provide the basis or serve as an encouragement for greater economic diversification. water supply and other public utilities. this activity requires hiring local people and mules to CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 382 . This would also ensure improvement in the property connectivity of the region for quicker accessibility with comfort. • Thus. Employment in Infrastructure Sector Construction industry is another very big source of employment. are also of crucial importance. the improvements in the existing infrastructure. as also construction of hotels and other accommodation units create jobs for hundreds of workers. however. which hitherto. Though most of the structures recommended enroute trek path are of temporary nature as they need to be assembled before the start of tourist season and dis-assembled once the tourist season is over. which are undertaken in order to attract tourists. upgradation of trek path. This will have to be closely regulated and harvesting flowers cannot be allowed within VOFNP. The investment in the essential infrastructure development. where these grasses are grown in abundance. expenditure for infrastructure development will stimulate other economic activities thereby providing more job opportunities and facilities to the local population. helipads.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report infrastructure that would support the increased tourist traffic. both unskilled and skilled. and this has become an important activity in the valley from Aug. Hence care should be taken in deciding the flowering species to be grown and not exactly all of it in the Valley of Flowers. In recent past because of increasing number of mules and ponies that are used by the tourists. The infrastructure is bound to be used by the local population and thus the improvements in infrastructure may confer benefits upon the local population by providing them with amenities. The entire important sector of basic infrastructures represents appreciable source of employment opportunities for the local population. Some examples are: • The region around Bhyundar valley had communities harvesting and storing grasses for use as a feed for their domestic livestock traditionally. they had not enjoyed. In addition to development of new infrastructure. Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report transport and deposit the same in the nearest identified EDC Stores.1. helipads. Government officials. and local residents would. Although tourism is sensitive to the level of economic activity in the tourist generating countries. also use tourist facilities in this region such as hotels. it provides more stable earnings than primary products. The income from tourism has tended to increase at a higher rate than merchandise export in a number of countries. Tourism provides employment. Economic Upliftment Due To Income Multiplier Effect The receipts from tourism can provide a valuable source of earnings for the region. toll. Tax multipliers for tourism expenditure is also observed to be very high. The following Exhibit 11. students & research scholars. For example. profits and income taxes. This can be depicted with the help of following Exhibit 11. The benefits from infrastructure investments. A large number of people are expected to be employed in the operation and maintenance of the infrastructure development of the region. This ripple effect generates income not just for the primary receiver of the money from the tourist but also for the entire chain that supplies various goods and services that go into fulfilling the needs and requirements of the tourist. Tourists also contribute to tax revenue both directly through sales taxes and indirectly through property. This phenomenon is the income multiplier effect and growth in tourism in the region would mean a higher income multiplier and hence an improved economy of the region. public transport. Operation and maintenance of infrastructure developed in the region for promoting tourism also provides an important source of employment to large number of local people over a range of skills. brings infrastructure improvements and may help in regional development. It depicts how a direct expenditure of an amount of money by a tourist leads to further expenses in the economy across various layers. which vary in importance from one region to another and also depending upon the nature and scale of tourism. water supply and other public utilities.1 would demonstrate how tourism spending would flow in the economy. tourism provides a number of other economic benefits. These can be ploughed back for the maintenance and upgradation of trek path and public utilities. eco-development fee. justified primarily for roads/pucca trek paths. The flow of money generated by tourist spending multiplies as it passes through various sections of the economy. may be widely shared by the other sectors of the economy. restaurants. • those who work a porters can also be trained to work as eco guides so as they get better remunerations from the tourists and trekkers and well as get aware of environmental protection issues and this in turn will make the porter-cumeco guide to be responsible/accountable for an environmentally aware tourist CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 383 . In addition to being an important source of income. which could be sold to the tourists in the season as souvenirs. etc. more members of the local host community youth can be trained and inducted as ecoguides/nature interpreters. promotion and Accountants Adventure Sport Lovers Appliance repairperson Architects Artisans and Craftsmen Arts and Crafts suppliers Attorneys Auto servicepersons Bankers Bank workers Carpenters Cashiers Charities Clerks Cloth/Wool Mfrs Personal care. Similarly. − Packaging of some flowers (technology can be shared by NBRI). attractive & coloured brochures/ booklets/ pamphlets/ signs / posters/ picture postcards. etc. etc. • Local community members can be involved in setting up of micro-enterprises like − producing cloth souvenirs like.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report behaviour from tourists who they accompany. − serve as painters (as most of the planned infrastructure is to be housed in painted temporary tin structures. Bhyundar & Govind Ghat logos can be assembled and repaired/recycled for re-use. including lot of signages. eco-friendly/gas or battery based ferry vehicles & drivers and vehicle repair mechanics (at Govind Ghat. waste bins. with Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Sahib logos. trash pit walls. cooks. − printing and publishing of trek maps (black & white). Cooks Cultural . etc. − literate local people can serve as data collectors on visitors and service providers to facilitate monitoring for Visitor Management and Tour Operator/Service Providers. para-medics for first aid/trauma care. Similarly good quality plastic rain coats with Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Sahib and EDC. etc. or later at Pulna if the road to Pulna and parking there is developed).). plumbers. T-shirts/trek suits/caps/carry bags. Wages and Salaries and Wages Tips and gratuities Food Payroll taxes Commissions Beverages Music and entertainment Administrative and general expenses Entertainment Professional services Purchase of food and beverage supply Purchase of goods for resale Gifts and Souvenirs A Division of Tata Sons Limited Purchase of materials and CONSULTANCY SERVICES supplies Lodging Clothing 384 Repairs and maintenance Advertising. These would help in women empowerment and general improvement in their health. can be made available through the State’s Schemes for Tourism Development like. 10. which will be translated into a friendly attitude. Empowerment of Women Training and capacity building of institutions like Mahila Mandal and involvement of women in tourism activities would help in empowerment of women and general improvement in their health. education. are accountable for and can creatively respond to substantive concerns are more likely to contribute quality inputs to any organisation. Logo on the rental trek suites. in general. nutrition and status in society. It is therefore important that the general public feel a sense of pride in their destination. micro-credit funds/loans for these small enterprises and employment activities. Sense of Belonging With tourism development and availability of planned income generating activities. This in turn will lead to overall improvement the socio-economic growth of the region as well. good customer service and a pleasant experience for both the tourist and the local resident. the region would become self-sufficient prompting people to stay on and take up tourism related activities and environmental conservation and this would instil a sense of belonging and accountability to the place in the people.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report As mentioned in earlier chapters. will make the CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 385 . Hence the local people of Valley of FlowerHemkunt Region.3 HRD and Training It is universally acclaimed that individuals who care for. women in the hill regions are very hardworking. Destination/Image Building The tourism development of Valley of Flowers region would position Valley as one of the top destinations of the country. and with some training and financial help in form of micro-credit can take up active and constructive roles in development of tourism in the region and development of the region in turn. It would attract tourists/nature lovers from all over the world and this will improve the brand value of the destination and to be recognised as a World Heritage Site. other souvenirs etc. will create an image of the destination. nutrition and status in the society. if provided the requisite capacity building. The EDC members and sweepers wearing their uniform jackets also serve the purpose. It has to be noted that. The HRD plan detailed in the following sections has recommended the training and capacity building of Mahila Mandal and involvement of women in tourism activities. education. it is proposed in the tourism plan that the ownership be given to the local stakeholders. “Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Scheme”. infrastructure and other facilities in the region. Tourists will come in contact with many more people than just the hotel and transportation employees. As an important contributor to the image building. the staff is normally self/on-the job trained while working in Gurdwara and they also get assistance in turn from those who use Gurdwara and Langar facilities with the intention of reciprocating the “seva”. The objectives of the HRD Plan for the region are as follows: • To assess and identify possible mechanisms for strengthening the capability of local community in order to derive maximum employment and income benefits tourism Provide skills for income generating activities to local communities To provide trained and qualified persons to the tourism sector To ensure that the quality of service in tourism and allied sectors is excellent and position the region as a quality tourism destination To increase the participation of women by giving training to members of Mahila Mandal Co-ordination among all projects organisations. most hotels/lodges are located in Ghangharia and a few at Govind Ghat. While Gurdwaras that are the largest establishments in this region provide accommodation and food on free basis. • • • • • 11. The GMVN TRH at Ghangharia and FRHs at Govind Ghat and Ghangharia have their own trained staff. There is a lack of awareness about the importance of training of staff in hospitality industry.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report valley one of the most attractive tourist destinations.1 Current Human Resource Situation in the Region Accommodation & Food Arrangements Currently.3. These hotels at Ghangharia or restaurants/tea/snack stalls are owned by the villagers from local communities of Bhyundar/Pulna and are either run by them or given on rent. Guide/Nature Interpretation Services CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 386 . People are undoubtedly the most important resource in tourism as it provides highly personalised service to customers. NGO and government organisations working in the area. The enthusiasm was observed among the local people to contribute towards tourism development and environmental management of the area. These establishments have no formally trained personnel at the staff or managerial levels. As the tourism industry is purely customer-driven. it is imperative that tourism development be integrally linked with Human Resource Development (HRD) in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Region. Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Under the aegis of the Department of Forests. This centre can offer programmes on Capacity building. Product development. Projects. 500/. Policy research. 11. year 2004) onwards apart from the current nature slide show held at the Valley of Flowers Information Centre as mentioned earlier.3. initiative is taken on 3-tier training programme to train the members of EDC and other members of the local host community for nature interpretation/guide services. On an average in India it covers about 49% of the foreign tourist expenditure and 67% of the CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 387 . Most of these are good photographers and work on a short documentary film is also undergoing involving these people and is expected to be shown to visitors next season (i. a new institution “Centre for Eco-tourism and Sustainable Livelihoods. The number of slide show/documentary film show and its timings may be appropriately decided for enhanced coverage of visitors. it should be ensured that nature interpretation centres in the area are staffed by Forest Ranger’s staff. Also.2 Employment Opportunities in the Tourism Industry Accommodation & Food Arrangements Hotels/Lodges/Gurdwaras Accommodation is one of the main expenditure heads of tourists. EDC members / Local Community or GSHSMT Volunteers. So that these can actively participate in nature interpretation activities either at the Department of Forests’ Valley of Flowers Information Centre at Ghangharia as well enroute to & at site of Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt Sahib. there is no Travel and Tourism Management course offered to the people involved in the Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Region. Chunakhan (Ramnagar)” under the aegis of Department of Forests has been established. Currently there are four EDC members that are trained for nature interpretation/guide services. The 3-tier training programme breakup is as below: • • • Basic training: 2 days Advanced Training: 7 days Professional Guide Training: 1 month These nature interpreters/guides will then be available on hire charges of Rs.per day to accompany the visitors. Publication and awareness programmes.e. and Process documentation. However. so that there is always someone ready to answer questions of the visitors and the centre should be open throughout the day time. Travel and Tourism Currently. Restaurants The catering sector includes all outlets that retail eatables. it was about 15%-35% of the foreign tourist expenditure and 20%-40% of the domestic tourist expenditure. rest about 93. Travel Agents & Tour Operators Travel agents play a key role in promoting and developing tourism because they are responsible for enthusing tourists to visit a particular tourist destination. customer service is the not the key guiding factor in the region. While at Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Region.5% share) and apart from one FRH. accounts for more than 50 percent of the total employment generated by the tourism industry.5% share). trained personnel would be required here for not only ensuring the quality of food. Trained personnel can ensure customer satisfaction. the smaller establishments rarely do so. Hence. but service as well. This sector is not only important for its contribution toward tourism revenues.5% share of free accommodation facility is provided by Gurdwara (6000 persons capacity). it becomes all the more imperative that these establishments whether run by the villagers themselves or given on rent should have trained personnel or get their people trained. While. and in the kitchen. However. The main activities of travel agents are: CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 388 . at Govind Ghat base there are 10 private hotels/lodges with 414-bed capacity (6. budget hotels/lodges hardly focus on customer service.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report domestic tourist expenditure. therefore. customer service has become a crucial differentiating factor in the hotel industry.8% share) and Gurdwara has 3000 people’s capacity for free accommodation (80. In this Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Region. Customer service is very important in this sector. it is the number of restaurants and tea/snack stalls that have the highest share of 80% out of total establishments at Ghangharia and enroute the trek path. While most good restaurants provide some kind of formal and on-the-job training to their employees. While most up-market hotels realise the importance of providing quality service. Hotels require trained personnel for housekeeping and front office. It has been estimated that this sector. GMVN TRH & FRH have 66 beds capacity (1.7% share). There are 20 private hotels/lodges at Ghangharia with 651 beds capacity (17. the restaurants and eateries in the region do not maintain the quality a tourist destination should. hygiene. Owing to the rising standard of living. In view of shortage of quality accommodation. a tourist’s perception of his holiday quality is seen to be influenced by this factor. but also because more often than not. along with the catering sector. travel agents enter into contracts with hoteliers. transport and other services. It is proposed that a 7-day training be conducted to identify good potential guides. Tour operators plan. They either own or contract transport. organise and retail tours. There are many Indian tour and travel agencies that bring tourists to Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Region. Such arrangements include accommodation. such as accommodation. Guides Guides play an important role in making tourists’ trip more informative and enjoyable and at the same time can play a mentor role to orient tourists towards environmental protection and conservation issues if the destination is a fragile ecosystem. (Refer Annexure – D for an indicative list of government departments & private tour agencies that promote/provide information on tourism to Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt region). Even the suitable porters can be trained as eco-guides as mentioned earlier to increase their remuneration as well to be an environmentally aware person. They make all the necessary arrangements for travel. The services provided by well-trained guides help in projecting a good image of the region to domestic or international tourists. Mule/ Porter/ Palki or Dandi Services CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 389 . sightseeing and transport as part of the package. The visitation flow shall be restricted with guided tours. Some of them put up their own tent colony at Kanjila. To make the necessary travel arrangements for its customers. but at the same time guides should be trained to be visitor friendly while they control the visitor movement on well-defined paths & spots for panoramic view/relaxation. and during such accompaniment the guide service shall avoid a sense of control. and suitable guides may also be taken to successful eco-tourism destinations in the state/country. transport companies and so on. At present there are only four EDC members that are trained as guides/nature interpreters. instead of providing accommodation in the TRH/FRH/Hotels/Lodges available at Ghangharia.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • • To advise potential tourists on the relative merits and demerits of tourist destinations and provide the necessary travel information. It is also proposed that ecologists and researchers who are experts about the region and the ecology take classes on site. For this purpose. These guides should also be registered and certified by the local EDC. that facilitates a check on protection of environment and cleanliness enroute due to tourists they accompany. hotel accommodation and other facilities to be able to deliver the services promised to tourists. while the tourists appreciate the point of interest. However. Beginners’ Training New Investment Existing Business Expansion Increased Productivity 390 New self MultiSkilling CONSULTANCY SERVICES Economic Growth A Division of Tata Sons Limited Home . These would include fresh graduates and unemployed youth. Beginners’ Training: Half of the fresh entrants to workforce will be trained to satisfy tourism industry demand. who could contribute to EDC and get their services Training of Local People Training of the local people has to be used as a strategic means to attract investments and retain existing investors and facilitate expansion of community based tourism in the area with due considerations to environmental management and conservation of the valley region. Some these suitable porters can be trained as eco-guides as mentioned earlier.3 Training – Approach The Training aspects would mainly consist of: • • • • • Training of local people especially in skill development Training of Mahila Mandal members for involvement of women Training of students by giving them formal education Short training courses floated for various stakeholders of tourism Training for researchers and environment students from outside in the region.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Members from the local community can get employed in offering services like mules. This approach is summarised in Exhibit 11. Training should also play an important role in increasing the productivity levels of home-based workers.3. Multi-skilling training would help employees attain necessary skills by undergoing short to medium-term training programmes and help them hone their skills.2. these stakeholders too should be registered & certified by the local EDC and should be provided basic environmental orientation that facilitates a check on protection of environment and cleanliness enroute due to tourists they accompany. Multi-Skilling: The demands in tourism sector are quick to change in this fast paced economic atmosphere. porters. 11. Skills become outdated and demand for new skills crop up on a regular basis. and palki apart from / neighbouring regions for transportation of people and goods. Souvenir makers/Handicraft hawker 6. Printing & Publishing Work (Book Booklets/Brochures/Pamphl ets /Post Card sellers) Horticulture 7. especially women.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Home-based Workers: A sizeable portion of population is home based workers. Horticulture Floral extracts CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 391 .1: Areas of Training Sr. Multi-Skilling Restaurant/Dhaba owners Snacks/ Chaat sellers Fruit & Juice Kiosks Porter-cum-Ecoguides Home-based Workers Souvenir makers/Handicraft hawker Toy Seller Tea shops Beverage/Ice cream vendor Plantation Activities 2. Fresh Training No. Table 11.1 given below indicates some of the categories in which the training can be provided. This gives an additional income to the household and is a very important component to sustain quality of life. which can generate a better return. 1. 4. 3. 5. This segment is suffering from lack of productivity due to prevalence of old techniques. The Table 11. Tea/Coffee/Snack shops Beverage/Ice cream vendor Photographer/Albums /Film Rolls/Film Slides Souvenir makers/Handicraft hawker Printing & Publishing Work (Booklets/Brochures/P amphlets/ Post Card sellers) Guide / Nature Interpreter Rentals: Trek Equipment – Shoes. Training will be imparted so that they can adapt to new methods and increase their productivity and take up new skills. ILO data). the men in the household are busy operating their shops. which are essentially owned and run by the villagers itself. Binoculars 8. 11.40 % are women. 9. Raincoat. who in turn can train other women. Mason-cum-Fitter (Temporary Structure work) Training of Women for their participation in Tourism The consultants interacted with the local Mahila Mandal and found that they were keen to learn new skills and participate in income generation for their families. They reported that they can find sometime for these activities during tourists season and relatively more time during off season in winters. Stick. In the region. 13. This leaves the women with keeping the household CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 392 . restaurants and hotels. Cobblers Mechanic/Repair shop’s Toy Seller Floral extracts Mechanic/Repair shop’s Toy Seller Floral Extracts Mason-cum-Fitter (Temporary Structure work) Environmental Patrolling 14. Therefore training needs to be given to women through ‘train the trainer approach’. wherein members of Mahila Mandals can be trained. during the tourist season. Example can be given of a study done by United Nations Environment and Development UK Committee (UNED-UK) brought out that the tourism industry is an important sector for women (46 % of the workforce are women) as their percentages of employment in most countries are higher than in the workforce in general (34 . 12.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Sr. Paramedics for First Aid/Trauma Centre Hired cycles – All terrain bikes Multi-Skilling Home-based Workers Prasad / Offering shops Environmental Patrolling Paramedics for First Aid/Trauma Centre Printing & Publishing Work (Booklets/Brochures/P amphlets/ Post Card sellers) Paramedics for First Aid/Trauma Centre 10. Fresh Training No. These activities help to create financial independence for local women and challenge them to develop the necessary skills and improve their education. It should be projected as an added advantage to women as it will enable them to accommodate their various responsibilities. Tourists need to be provided with more information about the benefits of buying locally and using local services. Support from NGOs. • • • • • • The training of Mahila Mandal can be designed based on the following: • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 393 . To have equal participation of local women in the tourism activities of the valley region in order to bring them to the mainstream as well as to achieve growth of tourism in particular and the economy in general the following needs to be done: • Identify opportunities and role of women. time spent on domestic activities and their willingness to participate in the economic activities. the private sector. governments and inter-governmental organisations can help women to realise their full potential.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report activities. keeping in view their present occupation. Cite examples of sterling performance and input by a few women that are already involved in tourism Responsibility of governments to ensure that women do get involved – legislation to ensure women are part of the any local NGO/ group created Training of members of women’s groups. it was observed that there is a need to familiarise and train members of Mahila Mandal on tourism issues that emerge in the developmental debate. Tourism in the Valley region is seasonal at present and the tourist season extends from June to September. Increase the number of women who will be visibly involved in the tourism industry Educate and encourage women. skill sets. Members of Mahila Mandal should be educated about markets and potential customers. like Mahila Mandal Ways of creating self-employment for women in tourism and maximising benefits for local communities. There are numerous examples where women and women's groups have started income generating activities on their own. In the study. they could get engaged in souvenir selling etc. and in the off-season in many skilled money-generating activities. However. benefiting not only the women themselves but also the wider community. Such cases and case studies should be a part of the training course being offered to members of Mahila Mandal. Tourist behaviour is seen to be unsafe for women. The training course should introduce the concept of micro-credit to the Mahila Mandal. especially in the off season Assist in providing medical first aid enroute along with managing information kiosks. Women's organisations should see that the tourism issue is put on their agenda. The course content should be the same as for the programme conducted by Indian Institute of Travel and Tourism Management in association with TAAI or of Government Institutes of Hotel Management & Catering at Dehra Dun/Almora and Department of Tourism at HNB Garhwal University. In addition. • • • Formal Training of Students/Local Educated Youth Based on the appraisal of the current situation in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Region and the level of trained personnel required.) * Running of souvenir shops will be strictly reserved to women. The faculty should be professionally qualified. etc. handicrafts of Ringal grass. • • Women could be given training in the following activities (to name a few) where they could contribute: • Running small household industries for making flower/other souvenirs. Assist in developing/ maintaining demonstration nursery at Ghangharia created for tourist viewing and education. fodder grass plantation. Srinagar. the following are the recommendations: Travel and Tourism Course Diploma courses in Travel and Tourism could be started at the local colleges/ vocational centres in Uttaranchal. Jute bags etc. Students can be sent for internship training to provide them with practical working experience. experienced and enthusiastic.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • Support can take the form of specific measures such as the provision of micro-credit.) along the areas demarcated by Department of Forests / Van Panchayat (including lands identified for plantation in lieu of diverted lands for road/parking/trek path expansion. etc. Plantation activities (tree plantation. These should be discussed in the training sessions. The need for participation of women in Tourism Planning and Management should be emphasised. the following certificate courses should be introduced to take tourism to new heights in the district: CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 394 . • Financial Management People should be taught financial management. Currently. help them to learn the Computerised . especially the management of finance in the tourism industry. This will. tour planning and logistics. As the approval adds to their credibility. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 395 . It should include the legal and regulatory formalities of setting up this business. • • Hotel Management Course Professional managers are required in the tourism industry. although it would be helpful. A travel agent must have the approval of the Department of Tourism to claim publicity and promotional benefits for tour operators handling inbound tourists. and Punjabi Service Staff/Guides need to be fluent at least in spoken English. Hindi and Punjabi language to interact with customers and be able to communicate correctly the environmental orientation and conservation issues. therefore. • Spoken English. Existing Hotel Management Institutes at Almora can also be accessed for this purpose. Travel Agents Course • A new course should be developed to train local people in the travel sector. or painting signages in “Gurumukhi” script of Punjabi language. These local people can have their travel agencies at Dehra Dun. This approval is not necessary for travel agents that do not propose to service inbound traffic.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • Basics of Computers This course will help people to learn basic computer applications. To enable travel agencies to attract high quality customers. Hindi. in turn. travel agents should be encouraged to get an approval from the Department of Tourism and Centre of Eco-Tourism of Department of Forests. Gurdwara Sevadars can play a key role in training locals/service staff in spoken Punjabi language.Reservations System/Billing Machines/Web-based Database of Valley of Flowers. need for the highest level of customer service. and Rishikesh to attract business. This course should cover all aspects of travel agency and tour operator business. etc. the ethical standards required. a course in Hotel Management should be started. Haridwar. there is no institutional framework to develop such professionals and. employees should be trained in the use of computerised reservation systems (CRS). financing aspects. This is proposed to be a yearlong course to be provided by a private institute. English and couple more Foreign languages so that the guides can handle domestic as well as international tourists. Even suitable porters can be trained as ecoguides. There should be some regulatory authority to certify and regulate the profession like EDC or Department of Forests. and professional levels of knowledge base by the Office of the DFO. as the training programmes progress. dispersal CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 396 . Eco-Guide/Nature Interpreter Course • The training course for guides should be revamped to cover areas such as the history of Valley of Flowers. myths and legends about various places.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Courses in basic areas of hotel operations such as Housekeeping. • • Entrepreneurship Development Programme A new trained entrepreneurial class is required to develop tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Region. The course content for this one-two months training shall be professionally designed starting with basics. The administration shall however provide scholarship for the top two students each from Uttaranchal from the merit list. Joshimath / “Centre of EcoTourism and Sustainable Livelihoods” of Department of Forests at Chunakhan (Ramnagar). There should be some basic eligibility criteria that a person has to meet to become a guide. advanced. which in turn will lead to economic growth. Room Service and Front Office operations should be conducted. This is with a view to enable rural youth from remote areas to have access to employment opportunities in the region. ability to recognise easily and facts about prominent species. such as HSC or a relevant certificate course. This training should be conducted in at least in Hindi. and aspects of hospitality. A pilot level programme may be run and refined. Catering. The courses offered should give an insight into the micro credit lending mechanism. Training courses should cover the collaborations of industry. who would otherwise have found it difficult to do so on there own in a proper manner. that is the local youth. Loans to women's initiatives should be included as a means of creating opportunities for the industry to buy & source locally. development of backward areas. local NGOs and local government to develop simple strategies to improve access to markets through providing information about customers and successful strategies of marketing products. Training to Other Stakeholders Other than formal education and training. trade unions and community groups should jointly create community based institutions and services to help people to cope with the double burden of family and household work as well as work outside the home to generate income Supporting women to become self-employed through tourism-related activities should be linked with micro-credit programmes. an Entrepreneur Development Programme (EDP) can play a big role in the identification and promotion of entrepreneurs in this sector. NGOs and the independent tourism initiatives should collaborate closely to create awareness raising programmes • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 397 . Trained entrepreneurs shall be assisted by financial assistance through State Schemes like “Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Scheme”. EDP can help in tapping skills and channellising them for the growth of tourism in particular. Recommendations to these are as follows: Multi-Stakeholders • Local governments. information should be disseminated to various stakeholders . creation of employment opportunities. thus maximising the benefits for local communities.Government bodies. This programme will mainly develop first-generation entrepreneurs. employers. other stakeholders in tourism industry through short training programmes. local government. improvement in the standard of living and involvement of all sections of society in the process of growth. The tourism industry. In this regard. EDP is a programme designed to help people strengthen their entrepreneurial abilities and acquire skills and capabilities necessary to be effective entrepreneurs with due respect to environmental sensitivity of the region.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report of economic activities. or Bank Loans / Micro-finance schemes. Inter-governmental bodies. financial management. national/state governments and NGOs should support networking projects to improve awareness and ability of stakeholders to participate effectively. service business. Education and training should focus on marketing. This is an area where partnerships between the industry. Tourism Boards have a key role to play in facilitating wider access to markets and monitoring the quality of infrastructure and services. food. Training should also be provided to promote activities that are indirectly linked to tourism. clothes etc. • • • Local Governments and Tourism Boards The training should cover the awareness and knowledge about the following: • • Governments. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 398 . and revocation of the licences of those who do not comply with defined standards Governments. including using electronic media. and folk-arts. and for recognising those who contribute the best in eco-tourism activities. such as handicrafts. Training/capacity building of the small committee assigned by Department of Forests & Department of Tourism to monitor. employers and workers should take decisions about training in close consultation with each other as the best results from enhancing the education and skill levels of the workforce are achieved through concerted efforts. audit. • • Tourism Industry The members of industry should be made aware about the following through workshops: • Employers should set targets for the percentage of women in key management positions. through the curricula in their educational institutions. NGOs and government departments can play an important role.. and report the activities of eco-tourism and their performance & best practices by individuals or local establishments. and using local services. such as local guides/nature interpreters. literacy and foreign languages and be a high priority when supporting income generating activities. such as printing.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report in order to make tourists aware of the benefits of buying local products. • Improving access to education and improving the standard of education in destination area should be an important long-term strategy. Governments should engage in educating tourists about women's rights and how to properly respect them in an inter-cultural context. should encourage girls and boys to move into non-traditional occupations. provide legal assistance. Training of NGOs should cover how effectively they can participate in sharing with all stakeholders experience and knowledge about successful strategies. NGOs should support community based tourism initiatives to form associations and collectively assess the markets. • • Thus. entry for the local population can be improved by lowering standards for entry and then providing on the job training to compensate for this. obstacles and how to overcome them. has been budgeted in the master plan report (refer Annexure-C under VoF section). A step towards achieving the same is called for. NGOs NGOs play a very vital role and need to be given thorough training sessions covering the following areas: • NGOs should build up their capacity as facilitators and trainers of participatory processes. stakeholders of tourism and students of the region would help in improving the socio-economic condition of the area. They need to be trained along these lines. Initial provision of funds for this plan period (of 4-years) for such activities and other research/documentation. etc. gender awareness training. assistance with administrative arrangements. advice on community based resource management programmes. improve the links between groups. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 399 . scientific assistance in feasibility studies using participatory and action research methods. The Salient Features of all such training programmes would include: • • • • • • • Training be skill based rather than syllabus based Matching demand to Training Mix of long term and short term courses Emphasis on quality of skill acquisition Increased involvement of women/women participation Improved training techniques Increasing involvement of Private sector and NGOs. training of local people.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • To overcome disadvantages for gaining entry into the workforce because of low levels of education in the short term. tourism planning and as social entrepreneurs within the tourist industry. demography. be supplemented by providing welldocumented and structured information about the region to the visitors.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report 12. Also. Interpretation / Guide Services & Staff Training (Hospitality). the efforts of enhancing the value of the tourism assets by through facility development. strategies have been developed for improving the visitor inflow and enhance tourist experience.Promotion This tourism information is divided into two categories: • The first category deals with the requirement of information for generating media publicity. and Tourism Data Analysis and Information system for Tourists (Marketing). Detailed study has been carried out in the entire spectrum of VMS functions to develop an effective plan to address the need for tourism awareness. site interpretation. The primary components of Visitor Management System (VMS) comprise of plans for Promotion & Media Planning (Promotion).4 Components of Visitor Management System For the tourism promotion and development of Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Region it is essential that. This media is eventually used to provide information to tourists right from their decision making to actual visitation. 10. which would result in increasing the right kind of tourist inflow. The Visitor Management System proposed for the Valley of Flowers Hemkunt Sahib covers the following: Tourism Data Analysis . A diagrammatic representation of planned computerised VMS components is depicted in Exhibit 12. information system requirements and finally the type of human resource development required for effective tourism development in the region.1. visitor orientation. the plan should involve enhancement of local community in tourism activities by increasing their direct participation and training them in hospitality and guide /nature interpretation functions as discussed in Chapter 10 & 11. expectations and profile. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 400 .Marketing This study analyses consultant observations on tourists in terms of their origin. preferences. Also. based on the market study. Provision of Tourism Information . VISITOR MANAGEMENT SYSTEM This chapter discusses various aspects of the Visitor Management Systems planned for Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Belt to attract tourists and also enhance the visitation experience of the tourist. These are to be distributed to potential target segments/ markets.1: Positions and Composition of Visitor Management System Tourism Assets Conservation Promotion Development and Awareness Creation Tourism Facility Development VMS Developed Marketing Tourism Analysis Hospitality Data Media & Publicity Information Planning This covers all tourism media such Audio-visual Staff Training Tourism Info as Publishing Materials. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 401 . Interactive Provision Materials. en route. Materials. Department of Tourism. Government of India and Government of Uttaranchal. Signage.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • The second category is a method of efficient and up to date information dissemination with the help of a computerised system for the benefit of potential as well as touring visitors. Tourist Development Board as well as private sector enterprises engaged in tourism and hospitality functions will handle the operation and management of this category. Exhibit 12. to be provided at various places like transport nodal points. hotels. in-flight. etc. on sites etc. accurate and supportive information through web-enabled system.2.1 International Tourism International tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt region is low as depicted below. Chunakhan. location of visitors’ amenities available. The training plan would also include proposing special programmes for personnel employed in hospitality related functions in the tourist complexes. 10. the Guide Service improvement and training the personnel engaged in the tourism industry in general. The HRD and training plan are discussed in Chapter 11.Hospitality This section covers. The activities can be managed by the EDC trained staff under the guidance of local NIC who had been operating a limited tourism information system through district web site. In addition. With relative stability in global political scenario since mid 2003 nature loving foreign visitors to Valley of Flowers have come in increased numbers and the figure has reached an all time high in the latest season as shown in the Exhibit 12. but due to global political scenario it dipped again till the subsequent season. for the guide/nature interpretation service improvement and for staff training of the personnel employed in tourist complexes in co-operation with public and private education institutions. Government of Uttaranchal. Staff Training . 12. rail/ road/ air. environmental conservation orientation & activities for visitors & other local stakeholders undertaken in the region. Joshimath/Centre for Centre for Ecotourism and Sustainable Livelihoods. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 402 . Ramnagar) and Department of Tourism. The tourists should be able to know the latest offers.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Computerised System Study This section has the objective to provide the latest. The operation and management of this category will be handled by Department of Forests (Facilities at Office of the DFO. which had started to grow in 2001. A general decline in the trend is observed for those visiting Valley of Flowers till 2000 decade. which can be created separately by the DoT/VOFNP authorities. the computerised system should also provide facility for Tourism Data Analysis and cover the computerisation systems for tourism management in the region.2.5 Market Analysis International-Domestic Mix The mix of international and domestic tourist markets to the region today is approximately 2%: 98% in 2003. site/visiting season data. 1 CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 403 .5 NA -100.2.2: Trend of Growth of Foreign Tourists in Valley of FlowersHemkunt Foreign Tourists in the Region 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Valley of Flowers Ghangharia Base Hemkunt Sahib Govind Ghat Base (Source: Tourism Bureau. Dehradun/Forest Range Check-post.6 72157 344. Gopeshwar & Joshimath/DFO.4 15222 49.2 16231 6. Eco12.1 and Exhibit 12. Table 12.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Exhibit 12. Valley of Flower) Domestic Tourism in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Region N. Data unavailable for Ghangharia base for years 1996-2000.1 Hemkunt Sahib 12500 NA 10200 -18.2 1094 17.8 934 -11.3.1: Growth of Domestic Tourist Visitation in Valley of FlowersHemkunt Year & Annual Growth %age 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Valley of Flowers 2033 NA 1345 -33.4 50005 2.4 50454 0.6 Ghangharia Base 14550 NA 12300 -15.0 NA NA Govind Ghat Base 49000 NA 48814 -0.B. The growth pattern of visitation of domestic tourists over past one decade in the Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Region and their stay growth patterns at Ghangharia and Govind Ghat are presented in Table 12.2 Domestic Tourism tourism. Joshimath/Conservator.5 13590 10.9 225600 347.8 1052 -21. 4 388108 14.9 Govind Ghat Base 108372 -52.4 180890 64. Valley of Flower) N Data in feB rre d: unavailable for Ghangharia base for years 1996-2000 • Percentage of domestic tourists visiting Valley of Flowers and Hemkunt Sahib shrine has steadily grown.0 Ghangharia Base NA NA NA NA NA NA 95482 NA 179301 87.7 3250 65.9 5316 63.2 164566 91.9 804 59.8 1959 143. but the percentage of those to Valley of Flowers as a component of Hemkunt visitors (which is assumed to be visited by most of the visitors to this region) has almost gone down drastically from CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 404 . Dehradun/Forest Rangegiven Check-post. and from the above table the following observations can be tourism.3: Domestic Tourism Growth in Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Inflow of Domestic Tourists in the Region 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Valley of Flowers Ghangharia Base Hemkunt Sahib Govind Ghat Base Th e above given graph reveals that the tourism growth has been substantial Ecoin (Source: Tourism Bureau.8 279462 55.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Year & Annual Growth %age 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Valley of Flowers 340 -68.9 503 47.6 62763 -65. Joshimath/Conservator.6 Hemkunt Sahib 101378 40.5 109246 7.2 Exhibit 12. th e region.8 210980 -35.3 86091 37.0 109923 1.6 340578 61. Gopeshwar & Joshimath/DFO.8 327550 199. trek is made more comfortable. like that time to trek is reduced. nonavailability of rest/rain shelters. lack of satisfactory accommodation and quality food. However. Haryana. no arrangement for room heating due to cold weather. following factors were identified which were of concern to tourists. This is because the tourist inflow to Hemkunt has increased multifolds. The majority of domestic tourists to the region are visiting Hemkunt Sahib shrine on pilgrimage. Thus it becomes imperative to develop a strategy and take certain measures. a Germplasm bank/ Demonstration nursery with species from Valley of Flowers can be created to ensure that the visitors those who have limited time have access to both the destinations on the same day. nonavailability of clean water supply. Foreign tourists were also dissatisfied with the hygiene along the path and at Ghangharia. as well as dissatisfaction with limited guide services. For domestic tourists. and few from other states.Hemkunt Sahib Data is not available on State-wise source markets to the region. • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 405 . etc. absence of aesthetic signboards.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report 16% in 1993 to a little over 1%. and overall leading to more period of stay at Govind Ghat (which is at least 1 night at Govind Ghat on return for those who start on the same day from Govind Ghat and return the same evening from Hemkunt to Govind Ghat). to a lesser extent. Factors Impacting Tourist Satisfaction In a survey of domestic and foreign tourists in the region. • Both foreign and domestic tourists were dissatisfied with the availability/quality of trek path side amenities – shops/toilets. local inquiries and discussions have revealed that majority of the domestic arrivals are Sikh pilgrims from Punjab. UP and Delhi. other prominent factors were restricted destination choices and concern for physical safety and security. For foreign tourists. • Major Tourist Generating Regions for Valley of Flowers. the quality of trek path. important factors were concern for physical safety and security and. and lack of other variety of recreational facilities. • Stay at Ghangharia base settlement is gradually coming down and while at Govind Ghat Base it has gradually gone up indicating that more people are making 1-day trips to Hemkunt and back which would also indicate skipping the visit to Valley of Flowers. 3.3.6 Marketing and Promotion Strategy for Valley of Flowers Hemkunt Region 12. in addition to this.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report 10. and then developing plans to achieve the ends sought. Delhi.1 Strategic Planning There is a need for Strategic Planning. the facilities and services available and the expectations from tourists. The main advertising strategy is promotion through web. The objective of advertising is to create more awareness among key segments about the significance of the region. It is recommended that an iterative process be adopted in reviewing this Marketing Strategy. leading to the evaluation of alternative courses of action to achieve those goals.3. Haryana. which should begin with the setting of goals. West Bengal. the advertising should be pretested. Rajasthan. particularly considering the paucity of available information and data at present. • • • 12. Gujarat and Maharashtra. In order to ensure that the advertising message is clearly understood. Punjab. Uttaranchal.2 A Statement of Marketing Objectives The Basic objectives of marketing strategy will be: • To increase the level of awareness about the region and its eco-tourism attractions (Valley of Flowers is nominated for World Heritage Site) in the international and domestic marketplace. To promote aiming at quality tourists only Establish effective visitor management To increase repeat visitation to the region. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 406 . All advertising should be in the local language.3 Recommendations and Guidelines for Promotion Advertising Strategy No large scale advertising is planned for the Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt region as the region has limited capacity and the objective is not to bring in more no of tourists. the effort domestically shall be as follows: • • The awareness effort shall concentrate on markets in UP. 12. and other centres in Kedarnath Dham region. Consistency. Naini Saini/Pithoragarh. Auli. − All Tourist Rest Houses and Bureau of the Department of Tourism (GMVN/KMVN) in Uttaranchal state as well as in some TRHs in neighboring states like UP. Haldwani. frequency and longevity in the advertising message are necessary. The message necessarily must be brief and directional. Kotdwar. − Compartments of Luxury Trains. Nandprayag. Rudraprayag. More exposure is required through photo boards displayed in: − Accommodation facilities of nearest tourism centres like. Kathgodam. Ramnagar. − India Pavilion at venues of World Tourism Mart etc. − All Forest Rest Houses/Offices in the Uttaranchal state − Railway Reservation Counters of major metros. Joshimath. which will encourage visitors to visit places they may not have planned to visit. Himanchal Pradesh and major metros. and Air India/Domestic Airline Terminals at overseas airports. and narrow gauge Heritage Hill Trains in India − Lounges and Department of Tourism counters at all major Airports. as well nearby airports of UP. Gauchar. Pantanagar. • • • • Indicative List of Steps that can be taken for Publicity • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 407 . Lalkuan. so that the message is continually reinforced in the minds of potential tourists. The overall effectiveness of the campaigns must be evaluated to determine if communications goals have been accomplished. etc. Tanakpur. This should form part of signage. Department of Tourism Counters at Railway Stations of major metros including near by railheads like Dehradun. Badrinath. like Jolly Grant/Dehradun.. and in Uttaranchal. Gwaldam. Karnaprayag.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • The advertising effort shall bear in mind the limited tourism period of the region and hence the advertising period should correspond in which people make vacation decisions. say from May to September. More exposure is required through proper good quality brochures at various above locations including the Forest Ranger’s Check-post at Valley of Flowers Gate. Rishikesh. Gopeshwar. Gauchar. Haridwar. Himanchal Pradesh. Response driven advertising should be considered for print media Outdoor advertising by the way of hoardings and roadside signs is required in the entire region carrying details of attractions and events in the region. Pipalkoti. etc. Chinialisaud. various nearby Gurdwara of Sri Hemkunt Sahib Management Trust. Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • • • Char Dham Temple Complex. pilgrimage based. travel & tourism magazine in luxury trains like Palace of Wheels/Orient Express. Websites of GMVN. and various Private Tour and Travel Operators should provide updated and accurate information on the Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Region destination. in-luxury trains like Palace of Wheels/Orient Express. throughout the bloom season every year on Valley of Flowers own website. and in airport lounges Public Relations (PR) The public relations strategy should be proactive in using the media as a vehicle for promoting tourism to Valley of Flowers .Hemkunt region. travel based. State and National Departments of Tourism. • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 408 . particularly in key source markets such as USA and Western Europe. better bloom. A slide and photo library should be developed and regularly updated. travel & tourism related supplements of various newspapers and magazines. newer species of flora and fauna if sighted. facts on monthly & total visitors to valley. and advertisements from Department of Tourism & Department of Forest (through Authorities of VOFNP/NDBR or Eco-tourism Cell). Promotion through articles in print media like. NIC site of Chamoli District. etc. favourable climate. participation at travel trade shows is recommended. etc. and all Hotels/Lodges/Holiday Homes in Uttaranchal state. in-flight magazines. as well as in promoting familiarisation trips and visits by travel writers. which is going to gain the maximum benefit from the tourism development and whose commitment to extending hospitality to visitors will play a major role in determining visitor satisfaction. The following are recommended: • The Consultants recommend that an active program of public relations and awareness creation activities be immediately commenced. pictures of beautiful landscape with different flowers as per specie specific bloom periods. Later on a regular basis it can update them on newer happenings in the valley. and other general news and entertainment channels) − Video presentation during in-flight. conservation issues. The target should be the local community. DoT should network with media releases in the international press. adventure sports based. contributors to conservation. Promotion through short documentaries which can be shown on: − Television Channels (which broadcast programmes like nature based. state-wise and nation-wise breakup of visitor profile. The “Friends of Valley of Flowers Group” programme can keep a computerised database of all those who visit Valley of Flowers after a compulsory Nature Interpretation Program. In order to create and maintain visibility amongst the travel trade. 10. Human Resource Development An important component of the total visitor experience is the quality and level of services provided by all deliverers of that experience. A visitor management system can go a long way in effective tourism management in any region. everyone who is involved in one or another aspect of the tourism industry and is responsible for 'welcoming a visitor and sending back a friend'.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • Local population should be given a chance to participate in various activities of PR as they will have a greater knowledge of the place and a passion to improve revenue generation from tourism. In fact. these advances present an opportunity to take tourism to new heights. Quality of Visitor Experience As discussed in the previous chapters.7 Proposed Visitor Management System The markets today. data base of accommodation and other tourist infrastructure (services and facilities) to the interested/potential tourists CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 409 . are moving towards integration. The importance of trained and skilled human resources for delivering the desired tourism experience to visitors has been outlined in Chapter 11. It is very important to communicate this to the potential tourists. Tourism. effort is made to improve the quality of visitors’ experience through management and development measures. that is. The main objectives of this web enabled VMS would be to make available a database of all information pertaining to Valley of Flowers.Hemkunt Belt. is not untouched by these technological advances either. database of tour operators and transportation facilities. Hemkunt Sahib and the nearby tourist attractions. courtesy the technological advances made in various fields. It is proposed to develop a web enabled Visitor Management System (VMS) for Valley of Flowers . as an industry. breaking all barriers of space and time. This can be developed separately or can be integrated with the Uttaranchal tourism portal. Overcrowding and Overuse Overcrowding and overuse should be discouraged in order to maintain the beauty and attraction of the valley. The VMS would also be a helpful tool to monitor the visitor management by systematic collection of data. Over the longer run. The VMS will facilitate tourists visiting the region in a variety of ways as indicated in the following Exhibit 12. Some of the key components of the proposed VMS are discussed in the following sections. the portal could be used for reserving entry from Govind Ghat. Uttaranchal state goes in for regulating religious tourism through a policy.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report and information seekers. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 410 . In addition to this. the system could take the shape of a portal through which tourists can book the lodges/ hotels as well as prebook their entry to the Valley. In case. data base of tourists would also be captured.4. in future. and recommends limiting the number of tourists to Hemkunt Sahib. This would cover details like: • Background history of Hemkunt and Valley of Flowers CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 411 .4: Schematic Diagram of a Visitor Management System Database of Tourist Attractions One of the most important components of the VMS would be an exhaustive database of tourist attractions in the region.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Tour Operators Database Hotels and Restaurants Database VMS KMVN Department of Tourism Facilities and Amenities Database Tourist Attractions Database Visitor Management System Visitor Management System Tourists Database I N T E R N E T General General General General Public General Exhibit 12. restaurants. category of hotels. It must also give contact details of such operators along with their tour itineraries. These may not be associated directly with tourism. types of conveyance. shopping complexes. type of facility offered. health centres. lodges and restaurants. This could include information on services and facilities like: • • • • • Telecom facilities Medical facilities Power. details of boarding-lodging facilities like rent.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • Pictures and maps of the attraction • Facilities available for the tourists like tourist rest houses. The VMS must invariably have exhaustive data of various hotels/lodges and restaurants in the circuit. Normally. local distances. details of cuisine offered. It is thus imperative that an effective VMS must have a database of tour operators operating within and outside the region. Database of Services and Facilities This database should contain details on various services and facilities available in the region. Database of Hotels. It must also give exhaustive details of modes of local conveyance in the region including trek paths. This could include details about rental charges. if any. road and on how to reach various places in the region through these means. people rely on tour operators for taking care of such hassles. lodges and restaurants form an integral part of any tourism related initiative. but knowledge about them usually helps a potential traveller decide in favour or against visiting a place. etc. Lodges and Restaurants Hotels. rail. • • • List of Dos and Don’ts Brief on Local Sensitivities Other relevant information. Database of Tour Operators and Modes of Transport Another important piece of information that a tourist looks for before embarking on a trip is about how to arrange the trip and how to move around in the region upon reaching there. details of services offered like laundry. etc. heater etc. booking/hiring facilities. lodges. toilets. The VMS should provide information on travel by air. ticket prices. drinking water and sanitation facilities Safety aspects and Police services Guide/Nature Interpreter hiring facilities CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 412 . hotels. These could be placed in each room of every hotel/ lodge and the hotel management should endeavour to get this filled by the tourists. Other relevant information. There should be a facility of filling these questionnaires directly on the Internet as well. spending patterns. Choice of destinations Preferred mode of travel Preferred accommodation types Vacation frequency. The tourist in this case might be an individual or a group of individuals like a club. from where the aggregated information from these questionnaires can be updated in the VMS. travelling patterns (in groups or alone). institution. Monitoring for Visitor Management Monitoring of visitor management can be done by systematic collection of data about visitors. corporate body. as captured at present. This database should be developed to capture the opinion and feedback of tourists. user-friendly questionnaire cards. Porters. This information about a tourist can serve an important purpose of establishing a rapport with tourist and would thus help in building on the relationship. rain proof clothing. etc. All these can then be brought to a central location like District Tourist Office or the “Friends of Valley of Flowers ” Programme set-up with EDC/Department of Forests. A standard approach towards monitoring needs to be CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 413 . An easy and practicable method of collecting the tourists’ feedback is through small. income group. etc. camping equipments. time of year. mule operators and palki/dandi services Database of Tourist Opinion and Feedback Database of Tourists In addition to the data on number of tourists visiting the places. the VMS must also capture data on the following aspects of tourists: • • • • • • Psychographic details like age group.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • • • Equipment hiring facilities for various tourism activities for trekking gear. etc. duration. eco-awareness. etc. This should take into account facility provision.4. could provide inputs to marketing strategy formulation. generation of local employment and income. 12. For field data collection literate local people including women could be employed. For this there is a need to develop comprehensive visitor-monitoring software programme involving computer professionals. Most people also like to get back home from the tour and then provide a sincere feedback about the location at their own free time. the VMS. monitoring the environmental. most wanted facilities. these should be accessible via the Internet. 12. etc. These could be about most frequented tourist places.4. of the intended place of visit prior to the actual visit itself. “Friends of Valley of Flowers Group” website would be an interesting way for eco-tourists to get information on this region/interact. Such analyses can form the basis of further developmental initiatives.2 Working of a Sustainable VMS Application of VSM would involve an integration of: • • Information System for Visitors (ISV) Resource Management System (RMS) CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 414 . The socio-economic and cultural impact of tourism also needs to be monitored. visitor satisfaction. the VMS should have features like: Central Repository of Data and Information All the various databases described earlier must be linked to a central system.1 Features of VMS For effectively serving the purpose.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report established. Tour operator’s/Service providers’ compliance to rules and standards also needs to be monitored. The monitoring programme should encompass. Web-enabled Most of the components of the VMS that require interaction with tourists should be web-enabled. social. that is. most frequent travellers. etc. This system could be placed at a central location where all the data and information can be collated and various meaningful analyses could be done. Most tourists would like to have a virtual tour on the Internet. cultural and economic impacts of visitors in the park. strategic planning. Bus. time for trekking etc Guide and Visitor Facilities Emergency assistance reckoner Reservations for Accommodation. The system will be also made available to the hospitality service vendors like Hotels. shopping and local specialities Attractions and Events Accommodation details and Tariffs Route map and distances Time table of Railway. Travel agents.5 below: Information System for Visitors (ISV) This system will be designed to provide interactive assistance to potential visitors calling in at the Tourist Information Centres of the district and forest department.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • Tourism Management Information System (TMIS) These can be diagrammatically presented as in Exhibit 12. Train. Information on leisure. The information would largely comprise of: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Information on Hemkunt and Valley of Flowers. etc. Other Services etc Events and Festivals Special and Emergency announcements Tariffs and Discounts Tourist profile data collection Region write up Tour planning information Route planning Confirmed/Provisional Reservation Accommodation Air. Mules etc Guide and reception ISV Transactional Input .On-line output function CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 415 . Airways Availability of mules. Restaurants. Taxi. Transport.data processing function ISV Outputs . Booking offices. Bus. Guide. palkis. Lodges. The system will consist of integrated package for inventory control. billing. The will and comprise of the following components built around the commercially available software packages: • • Room allocation and Billing Transport/mule/palki allocation and billing CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 416 . resource allocation. RMS TMIS in a Visitor Management System accounting activities. Restaurants.5: Working ofsystem ISV. Lodges. and financial Exhibit 12.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • • • Sight seeing schedule Interactive Travel Counselling Statistics of Tourist profile Hotels. Travel agents Booking offices Information/visitor management facilities IS V RMS VSM TMIS Resource Management System (RMS) This system will be installed at various information/visitor management facilities for in-house management and allocation of resources to ensure Department of Tourism optimum level of service to tourists. Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Financial accounting Personnel management Resource quantity/ capacity and details Resource availability Suppliers address & rating Tariffs and charges RMS Transaction Inputs Customer details Record of services booked/provided Utilisation details Receipt of resources Financial Receipt/Payment RMS Outputs Reservation & billing Daily Resource Allocation Financial Accounting Resource procurement planner Capacity details RMS Base Inputs Tourism Management Information System (TMIS) This information system will help Department of Tourism/Department of Forests to forecast future requirements and develop a strategic plan for tourism development in the state. Most of the inputs to the system will be received from the other two systems. From these statistics. the system will generate different trends. utilisation ratios and matrix for future allocation. TMIS Inputs • • • Annual Budget preparation for the region under Capital and Revenue Heads Planned projects and progress Training Facilities CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 417 . tourist preferences. The system will also integrate media efforts and promotion events with resulting visitations. The system will provide past statistics of visitations and utilisation of available resources. the existing staff should be suitably trained to carry out the day-to-day house keeping. which can only be achieved by extensive training of staff at all levels. Data integrity and security. 12. database and housekeeping CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 418 . data collection and update. software. Database management and house keeping function overview. and operating functions.3 Maintenance & Training As per the prevailing trend of adaptation of information technology in the service sector organisations. Communication channels and tariffs. concept of MIS and DSS. Software Development and Implementation is as follows. Though the training schedule for each category of staff would depend upon the actual system developed. Course contents will cover introduction to Hardware and Software. The specific approach for Data Collection. This would entail bringing about IT culture in the organisation. however indicative training schedule/contents could be as follows for different roles. Course contents will cover hardware.4. Tourist survey and trend analysis TMIS Output Economic Impact Model Time series analysis of capacity requirement and utilisation Automation Approach The system configuration envisages automation of most of the information retrieval functions required for tourist support activities. Data input and output channels. Manager Course duration 3 weeks including 1 week hands on computer training. Maintenance of hardware and software.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • • • • • • • • • • • • Hospitality Standards & Certification norms Registration of Hospitality Services Alteration and Additions to Plans Tourism Media resources TMIS Transactional Inputs Revenue and expenditure Expenditure bills Survey reports Visitors’ Statistics. Supervisor Course duration of 6 weeks including 2 weeks practical training on the system. local fault analysis. However. expenditures and visitors at the corporate and site management scales. Data and LAN administrator functions in details.4 Sustainable Visitor Management System • Organisational change and management development . The proposed VMS could form the basis of a sustainability-based approach central to the objectives of the future management of the region. field survey stakeholder consultation and analysis. Such piloting is the only way in which all aspects of the methodology can be tested in a range of practical circumstances. People' orientation Quality assurance Regulatory requirements Funding requirements For a sustainable and successful implementation of Visitor Management System the flow chart of activities should be as follows in Exhibit 12. generation of reports for customers. Data integrity and security. 12. output.Several management organisations will have to enhance their IT capabilities to support management planning and the monitoring of programmes. Overview of input. database and query functions.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report functions. it will remain theoretical until an appropriate programme of pilot testing is undertaken. their updating and formulation of queries. Operator Course duration of 4 weeks including 2 weeks of practical training on the system Course will cover introduction to hardware. Extensive view of information data fields. LAN and WAN fundamentals. • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 419 . software and communication technology being used in the system.4. Front office terminal function. The approach outlined above is the result of wide-ranging research. Extensive familiarisation with the system.6. local eco-development committee. and other stakeholders for getting their views. inputs and opinions for preparing this master plan. members of local host community.6: Working of Sustainable Visitor Management System ANNEXURE . This interaction was either in person or over telephone.A References The consultants had met/held extensive interactions over the two weeks of field visit and stay in the study area with the officials of various government departments.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Vision Statement Baseline data and site assessment Objectives and Standards Monitoring and Evaluation Implementation Programs and Prescriptions Action Plan Exhibit 12. An indicative list of some of these individuals/ agencies is presented below: CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 420 . Utpal Kumar Singh. N. Ghosh. Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve. Gopeshwar Ms. D. Dehra Dun Mr. Burfal. of Uttaranchal. Dehra Dun Mr. Gambhir Singh. D. Dehra Dun Mr. Government of Uttaranchal. Govt. ex-Director & Conservator of Forests. Mathur. Department of Tourism. A. S. Department of Environment & Forests. Jyotsna Sitling. Dehra Dun Mr. N. Dehra Dun Mr. Ramchandran. Govt. Government of Uttaranchal. Samir Sinha. ex-Joint Director General (MR). Dehra Dun Mr. Rajiv Bhartari. S. New Delhi Dr. Principal Secretary. Govt. I. Chief Wild Life Warden. Government of Uttaranchal. Yatendra Kumar. Department of Environment & Forests. Divisional Forest Officer. Government of Uttaranchal. of Uttaranchal. K. S. K. Govt. Dehra Dun Mr. Nanda Devi National Park. Department of Environment & Forests. of India. New Delhi Mr. Additional Secretary. R. Dash. Department of Finance. Department of Environment & Forests. Govt. of Uttaranchal. Banerjee. A. Negi. Dehra Dun Mr. Govt. Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam Limited (GMVN). Govt. of Uttaranchal. Pathak. Dehra Dun CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 421 . of India. Secretary. A. Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam Limited (GMVN). Govt. Conservator – Ecotourism. Department of Tourism. Director & Conservator of Forests.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Mr. of Uttaranchal. Joshimath Mr. Tolia. Prasad. Principal Conservator – Forests. Pandey. J. Dehra Dun Mr. ex-Additional Secretary. Department of Tourism. Department of Environment & Forests. Govt. of Uttaranchal. Gopeshwar Mr. ex-Managing Director. Dehra Dun Mr. Department of Environment & Forests. V. Advisor – Wildlife. Chandola. S. Dehra Dun Mr. Managing Director. Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve. K. Additional Chief Secretary. Dehra Dun Mr. Deputy Director (MR). K. Department of Environment & Forests. Chief Secretary. B. Additional Secretary. M. Department of Tourism. of Uttaranchal. Department of Tourism. Mr. Manjeet Singh. P. Joint Director. Nanda Singh Chauhan. O. Chamoli Tourist Officer. etc. Manager. Trade Association Representatives. Doctor. Pulna Mr. New Delhi Tourist Reservation and Statistics Section. Vice Chairman. Babloo Singh Chauhan. Vijayendra Singh Chauhan. Kunwar Singh Kunwar. Shah. Dehra Dun Mr. District Magistrate. Dwivedi. UREDA. and Cleaning Staff of EDC. Provincial Division. GMVN. Telecommunications Officer. Rajinder Singh. K. EDC. Chairman. Gopeshwar Office of the Pariyojana Adhikari. Associate. Bhyundar Mrs.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Mr. U-DEC. Forest Range Officer. Gopeshwar and Joshimath Mr. D. Rajneesh Singh Chauhan. Bharat Singh Chauhan. Bhuwan Singh Chauhan. Pandukeshwar Group Meeting and individual discussions with Local Host Community Members of Bhyundar/Pulna village: EDC representatives like Mr. Satish Singh Chauhan. Mr. Dehra Dun Mr. Joshimath Tehsil. Jal Sansthan. Ghangharia and Staff Office of the Patwari. Gopeshwar Office of the Executive Engineer. Check-post members. Department of Revenue. Pawan Hans Helicopters Limited. Jal Nigam. Gopeshwar Office of the Executive Engineer. Chamoli The General Manager (Support Services). L. Madan Singh. Chief Manager (HQ). Dehra Dun Mr. Administrator. Mr. Van Panchayat. Sarpanch. Zila Panchayat. A. Department of Revenue. Dehra Dun Office of the Revenue Inspector. GMVN. Govind Ghat Mr. Mr. Vashishtha. Govind Dham /Ghangharia • • • • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 422 . Bhyundar. Shahshikala Singh Chauhan. Bhyundar Mr. Bhyundar Mr. Mahila Mandal. Other EDC Members/Staff: Mr. Uttaranchal. Shivraj Singh Chauhan. Chief Manager-Tourism. Tourism Development Board. GMVN. Raghuvir Singh Chauhan. Office of the Tourism Bureau. Septuagenarian member of Bhyundar/Pulna who had interacted with Frank Smythe and Ms. Legge in late 1930s Mr. Gurdwara. Dehra Dun Mr. Joshimath Office of the Executive Engineer. Member. PWD. Gurdwara. Binoy Thomas. Uttaranchal. Kala. 1927 along with the Forest (Conservation) Act. Garhwal University. India Dr. Lucknow 226001. India Dr. Government of Uttaranchal. India Mr. Director. B. Chandrabani.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • • • Mr.226001. Garhwal University. H. Lucknow. N. India Dr. N. Government of Uttaranchal Eco-tourism Planning. P. High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre. Development and Management in Uttaranchal. India Mr. Department of Environment & Forests. India. C. Environmental Sciences & Bioinformatics. Department of Forests & Environment. Box 14. Srinagar (Garhwal) – 246174.). H. P. Behl. Chief Conservator of Forests (Retd. UP.226001. Uttaranchal.O. Junior Research Fellow (CSIR). Lucknow . UP. R. Kosi-Katarmal . Israel. Forest Policy – 2001. B. A. Spain Tour Operators List of Experts/Scholars interacted (at Dehra Dun & Lucknow) • Prof. Jatin Srivastava. NBRI. M. Wildlife Institute of India. 1980: Consolidated Guidelines for Diversion of Forest Land under the Forest • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 423 . South Africa. Deputy Director & Area Coordinator Biomass Biology. Nautiyal. Scotland. Mishra. Indonesia.) • • • • • • • Relevant Acts & Literature Referred and Cited • The Landscape Management Plan of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve (NDBR) for 2003-04 to 2012-13. P. Project Fellow. P. B. India Dr. Garhwal region in 1959-61. Nautiyal. Britain. August 2003 The Indian Forest Act. India Mr. Hemkunt Sahib Tourists of various nationalities apart from Indians – like. Almora. Lucknow . Dehra Dun . Box 14. G. Gurdwara. D. Sohan Singh. N. UP.O. Box 18. Japan. NBRI. India (He was posted in the Valley of Flowers. Canada. UP. B. Uttaranchal. Harish Chandra. National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI).263643. Singapore. Uttaranchal. Manager. P. Government of Uttaranchal Tourism Policy – 2001. Sumit Manjkhola. Srinagar (Garhwal) – 246174. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development.248 001.O. H. 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(2001); Diversity, nativity and endemism of Vascular plants in Valley of Flowers, National Park (VOFNP), West Himalaya; Himalayan Biosphere Reserves Vol. 3 (1&2), pp 1-17; G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal 263643, Almora, Uttaranchal, India. Sastry, A.R.K. and Chatterjee, S., Setting Biodiversity Conservation Priorities for India (eds Singh, s. et al.), WWF-India, 2000, vol. II, pp 467-473 Schweinfurth, U. 1957. Die Horizuntale Und Vertikle Verbreitung der Vegetation Himalaya. Bonner Geogr. Abh., 20: 1-372. Shah, Giri Raj, 1983. Wanderings in the Valley of Flowers, New Delhi. Shah, N.C., Keynote address at the International Workshop on Prospects of Medicinal Plants, 4-9 November 1996. • • • • • • • • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 435 Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report • Sharma J.R., Mudgal, V. And Hajra, P.K., Floristic Diversity and Conservation Strategies in India (eds Mudgal, V. and Hajra, P.K.) Botanical Survey of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests, 1997, p.5 Sharma, C. and Chauhan, M.S. Pollen Spares, 1988, 30, 395-408. Sharma, M.M. 1985. The Valley of Flowers, New Delhi. Singh, D.K. and Hajara, P.K. Changing Perspectives of Biodiversity Status in the Himalaya (eds Gujral, G.S. and Sharma, V.), British Council Division, New Delhi, 1996, pp 23-28. Singh, J.S and Singh, S.P. 1992. Forests of Himalaya, Structure, Functioning and Impact of Man. Gyanodaya Prakashan, Nainital, 294pp. Singh, J.S. and Singh, S.P. 1987. Forest Vegetation of the Himalaya. Bot. Rev., 53 : 80-192. Singh, T.V. 1978. The Valley of Flowers: A case for a Biosphere Reserve. Journ. Himal. Studies, Srinagar. Smythe, F.S. The Valley of Flowers, London. 1938. Srivastava, A., Shukla, Y.N. and Sushil, K., J. Med. Aromat. Plant Sci., 1999, 21, 1131-1138. Stuiver, M. and Pearson, G.W. Radiocanbon, 1986, 28, 805-838. Tandon, V., Med. Plant Conserv. Newsl., 1996, 2, 12-13 Troup, J.K. and Purohit, A.N., Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 1980, 89, 61-65. Troup, R.S. 1921. The Silviculture of Indian Trees. Vol. I. Controller of Publication, Delhi : 307. Utkarsh, G., Gadgil, M. and Rao, P.R.S., Curr. Sci., 1999, 77,1418-1425. Ved, D.K. and Tandon, V., CAMP Report for High Altitude Medicinal Plants of Jammu-Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh, FRLHT, Bangalore, 1988. Wadhwa, B. M., Rao, R. R., and Hajra, P. K. (1987); Botany of the Valley of Flowers National Park and its Environs; Bulletin of Botanical Survey of India, Dehra Dun, Vol. 29, Nos. 1-4, pp 126-175. Wadia, D.N. 1931. The syntaxis of the North West Himalaya, its rocks, tectonics and orogeny. Journal of Geological & Mining Society of India 65: 189-200. Wadia, D.N. 1964. Himalayan mountains, their age, origin and subcrustal relation. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., India, 30 A (6) : 843-63. Wadia, D.N. 1978. Geology of India. Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi, 508pp. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 436 Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report ANNEXURE - B TYPICAL MESSAGE FOR LARGE SIGNBOARDS PUNJABI CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 437 Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 438 Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report ENGLISH AIR IS OUR GURU, WATER IS OUR FATHER, AND THE GREAT EARTH IS OUR MOTHER. - GURU NANAK, SHLOK, JAPJI SAHIB This natural beauty was created by God and blessed by the Guru. Please do not pollute the air, water, and earth. Request During your yatra to Sri Hemkunt Sahib we humbly request your seva: 1. Kindly do not throw any garbage out of the bus windows, onto the footpath, or into the forests and streams. 2. As your personal seva, collect one bag of toffee wrappers, plastic bags, and other garbage from along the yatra route, and put it in a dustbin. 3. As your jatha's seva, transport bags of collected garbage on each bus and car from Govind Ghat to the city for recycling. 4. Tell your relatives, friends, and travelling companions about the importance of keeping God's creation and the Guru's place clean. Thank you for your seva. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 439 Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report TYPICAL MESSAGES FOR SMALL SIGNBOARDS ALONG PATH PUNJABI CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 440 Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 441 . Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 442 . Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report HINDI CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 443 . Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 444 . Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report ENGLISH TOFFEE WRAPPERS. FROOTI BOXES PLASTIC BAGS. AND BUSCUIT PACKETS DO NOT THROW THEM ON THE GROUND THERE ARE DUSTBINS ALL AROUND! GOD BEFORE ME GOD BEHIND ME GOD BENEATH ME GOD BESIDE ME KNOW THAT GOD IS EVERYWHERE AND WITH ALL GOD'S CREATION TAKE CARE GOD ADORNS THIS PLACE WITH GREEN GURU WANTS YOU TO KEEP IT CLEAN EVERY TREE AND STONE ALONG THE WAY SAYS KEEP YOUR GARBAGE IN YOUR BAG WHILE WALKING IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF THE GURU KEEPING THE SACRED PATH CLEAN IS UP TO YOU ENJOY THIS BEAUTY DON'T MAKE IT DIRTY DIRTY IS UGLY CLEAN IS LOVELY STOP IT! DON'T DROP IT! PUT THE WRAPPER IN YOUR POCKET WHEN YOU SEE A DUSTBIN THROW THE WRAPPER IN! THE WATER IS BLUE THE FOREST IS GREEN DO SOME SEVA TO KEEP THEM CLEAN ON THIS PATH THE GURU WALKED IF HE SAW THIS MESS HE WOULD BE SHOCKED SO PICK UP THE RUBBISH YOU HAVE DROPPED BEFORE YOU TAKE YOUR CLEANSING BATH SEE TO THE CLEANLINESS OF THIS PATH GOD AND GURU IN THEIR GRACE CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 445 . Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report BROUGHT YOU TO THIS SACRED PLACE TO MAKE IT DIRTY IS A DISGRACE Do not damage the plants and trees God is present even in these Do not Among the Throw it into a dustbin please throw flowers and garbage leaves DO NOT POLLUTE THE FOREST AND STREAM KEEP ALL OF GOD'S CREATION CLEAN HEM GANGA IS A SACRED STREAM ITS WATER IS PURE SO KEEP IT CLEAN WHEN YOU COME TO THESE SACRED LANDS DO SOME SERVICE WITH YOUR HANDS WHEN YOU SEE A RUBBISH BIN KINDLY THROW THE RUBBISH IN! CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 446 . Our final request to you is that you tell everyone among your friends. We humbly request that you keep God's natural creation clean. Please take this message along with you on your yatra: the Guru is not just INSIDE the Gurdwara. and may you receive the blessings of the Guru. That seva means not polluting the holy water of the Hemkunt Sarovar. or any other garbage on the ground. or the Alaknanda River. That seva means not throwing any garbage out of bus windows. Waheguru ji ka Khalsa.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report GURDWARA ANNOUNCEMENT Beloved Sadh Sangat of the Guru. and the Great Earth is our Mother. Thank you. when you go to Sri Hemkunt Sahib. We humbly request that every time you see a toffee wrapper. and transport it back to the city for recycling. and travelling companions about this important seva to keep Sri Hemkunt Sahib clean. or into the forests and streams along the yatra route. plastic bag." The beautiful air. onto the footpath. The Guru has blessed you to come to this sacred place: Tapo Asthan Sri Hemkunt Sahib. A. "Air is our Guru. As you would at any Gurdwara. Agency Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ Signages CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 447 . Implmt. in lakhs) Phase of Dvpt. Then. family. as a Gurdwara. The Guru is everywhere. As part of the YVDC earlier and present EDC works. As Guru Nanak wrote in Japji Sahib. Water is our Father. the Hem Ganga Stream. Please collect one bag of garbage as your seva toward keeping Sri Hemkunt Sahib clean. and sacred. surrounded by the same mountains and water and natural beauty. water. load one or more bags of garbage onto every bus and car in your jatha. you are walking where the Guru walked: on the same soil. dustbins have been installed all along the yatra route. where the tenth Guru meditated and became One with God. and earth that surround Sri Hemkunt Sahib were created by God and blessed by the Guru. Waheguru ji ki Fateh. when you return to Govind Ghat. please do some seva for the Guru. ANNEXURE . beautiful. you pick it up and carry it to a dustbin. Remember. No. Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs.C PROPOSALS ENROUTE TREK PATH FROM GOVIND GHAT TO GHANGHARIA Sr. Think of the whole yatra route to Sri Hemkunt Sahib as the Guru's place. To disrespect them by polluting them is equal to disrespecting the Creator Himself. Agency DoF/ PWD 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B. No.2 m width incl.00 56.66 I DoF/ PWD 19.44 0.75 1.66 CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 448 . and 4 types of messages with 4 text rows) Small nature interpretation signages along the rare trees and flora on the way upto Ghangharia (assuming 125 boards each of 0.07 sqm 1.72 0. in lakhs) 0. 1 2 3 Standardised Signage Board at each km point to indicate the distance from Govind Ghat-Ghangharia (13 boards) on both sides of the board Standard Signage Board before Pulna to indicate the name of Bhyundar Ganga river and location of Cremation Ghat Standard Signage Board at Bhyundar Ganga bridge at 10 km point to indicate the name of river Standardised Signage Board before Ghangharia at Kanjila to indicate the location of Helipad Standardised Signage Board at Valley of Flowers .525 m depth of side slopes cut in triangular cross section till the base of 9" thick stone masonry Widening of Trek path base in stone Kharanja/Masonry work (12500 m long by average 4 ft.72 0.41 I DoF/ PWD 0.15 I 0.44 0.225 sqm Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 0.50 0.11 I DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD 0.78 6.15 m high x 12500 m long MS railing along one side of the trek path from Govind Ghat to Ghangharia (excluding the portion of Ghangharia settlement) as per the exisiting design and painted in dark green Earthwork in cutting for widening trek path (12500 m long by average 6' or 1.40 0.05 I 0.03 I I I DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC 0.01 I DoF/ PWD 56.88 0.05 sqm 0.50 2.41 sqm sqm sqm 10.14 cum 3375.07 I 0. 1 Development Components Unit Quantity 4. 1.00 19. or 1.07 I DoF/ EDC 0.75 1.78 6.01 cum 11437.03 sqm 16.15 sqm 5.45 m x 0.07 sqm 14375.3 m size made up of MS angle/sheets) painted as per the current pattern followed by DoF Land & Site Development Construction of one-side 1. I Implmt.68 Cost (Rs.Hemkunt Sahib Junction after Ghangharia settlement to indicate the trek path bifurcation Standard Warning/Information Signage Board for Waterfalls/Landslide/ Avalanche prone areas upto Ghangharia (10 boards) /Cluster A Amenity (3 boards)/ Brief View Information at Vista Points (2 Boards) Standard Eco-Awareness Message Signages along the trek route a) Punjabi (1 Board x17 types of messages with 2 text rows) b) Hindi (1 Board x14 types of messages with 2 text rows) c) English (1 Board each for10 types of messages with 2 text rows.2 m width and 9" or 0.20 88.80 13.36 Inception Report Phase of Dvpt.36 sqm 1.11 sqm 0. 3 types of messages with 3 text rows.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Sr.14 I DoF/ PWD 2. 75 m on base edge) and 2 wing walls (5 m x 6 m high on Causeway edge end & 2 m high on other end x 0.11 kg 506.30 km) after Bhyundar village a) Earthwork in cutting for retaining wall base (50 m x 2 m x 1 m deep) and 2 side embankment support slope walls (5 m x 1 m x 1 m deep) b) 6" thick Base CC 1:4:8 under retaining and wing walls c) RCC 1:2:4 retaining (50 m x 6 m deep x 0. retaining and wing walls f) Earth work in filling (in triangular pattern over existing slopes) behind retaining wall till the slab sub base CC g) 6" thick CC 1:4:8 in Sub base of Causeway slab Small Cross Drainage Works across trek path at approximate regular intervals of 10 such locations per km from Govind Ghat to Ghangharia a) Earthwork in cutting 4" deep below the stone masonry level x 1' wide x 3 m long under drain chamber and hume pipe b) 3' thick CC 1:4:8 basework under drain chamber and hume pipe c) Plaster in CM 1:6 on side walls of drain chamber d) 25 mm thick Flooring in CC 1:2:4 in drain chamber e) Provision of 2 removable RCC 1:2:4 slab chamber covers (1’6" wide x 2’ ft long x 2" thick) per chamber with grated openings (1'1/2" dia @ 4" c/c) under mule trek path f) Tor steel used in RCC chamber cover @ cum 6000.11 0.04 0.00 cum sqm sqm cum 8.25 km-9.50 45.00 3.30 m thick) e) Cost of Tor steel consumed @ 150 kg/cum for Causeway slab.00 I DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD 0.02 cum cum 17 368 0.15 cum 34 0.25 0.22 14. Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs.59 cum kg 75 66375 2.84 cum 110 0.81 I I DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD 2.04 0.02 I DoF/ PWD 0.45 cum 11.10 I DoF/ 0.10 CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 449 .11 I I I I 0.75 m wide) d) RCC 1:2:4 Causeway slab (50 m x 5 m x 0.11 0.45 I 0.84 I DoF/ PWD 15.2 m x 0.10 m thick under mule path GI Wire mesh (24 gauge /144 mesh per sqm) bracing to hold hill side slopes upto 4' high along the mule trek path edge (excluding portions of Kanjila flatter land ) Construction of one large Causeway at the Avalanche point (9. Implmt.59 I DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD 0. Agency Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 268.05 0.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Sr.22 14.15 I 0.87 Inception Report Phase of Dvpt. with dimensions as 12500 m x 1. No.5 m wide on top edge & 1.81 cum 658 0.38 0.53 12. in lakhs) 268.8 m x 0.20 m thick under pedestrian path and 12750 m x 1.87 4 5 6 11 m thick) Pucca 1:2:4 CC path with 12 mm grooved Herringbone pattern (100 mm x 212 mm size) on top surface.44 112.53 12.25 0.05 0.00 I DoF/ PWD sqm 14100 15. Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs. and b) Rs.5m x 2 m) e) Covered Rest Shed with sides opened 1 in number (area 15 sqm) f) Precast/welded mild steel benches painted dark green (5 in each shed) rm sqm 225.00 0.00 45.63 sqm 60.72 I DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC 0. 15.50 200.00 1.20 I 1. No.00 165. Implmt.00 1.a) Rs.25 I DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD 29. in lakhs) 0.60 km point: 3 Clusters with temporary sloped roof structures of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall .5 km point @30m interval) Restoration of Electricity Supply System (damaged at various locations from Bhyundar onwards) through connectivity to grid (Initial Budgeted Lump Sump amount) .00 106.14 sqm 480.00 I I sqm 100 29. 1 150 kg/cum g) Provision of hume pipe (1’ dia x 6’ long) under pedestrian trek path Construction of small culverts (1 m x 0.63 I DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC 9. Agency PWD DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 0.35 0. with a seating capacity of 15 people each (area of each unit = 20 sqm) b) Souvenir Shop.08 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 C.50 Lakhs for maintenance every year thereafter Construction of 5. 1 in number of size 20 sq.painted in dark green a) Snacks/ Fast food centre: 8 in numbers.26 I I I 0.14 130 1.81 LS 6.26 CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 450 .63 100. and near 9.72 sqm sqm No.25 sqm 25 9.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Sr.50 2.m run by Mahila Mandal.81 I 9.08 Inception Report Phase of Dvpt.00 I & II I & II I PWD PWD DoF/ EDC 26.35 0.00 9.5 m span) for cross drainage under the trek path with minor retaining wing/support walls and RCC slab of 1 m x 3 m x 0.15 m size for about 55 small seasonal stream lines observed that cross the trek path from Govind Ghat to Ghangharia Street Lighting from Govind Ghat till Pulna along trek path (from 3 km to Suspension Bridge end @30m interval) Street Lighting from Kanjila (near the Helipad/Tented resorts till Ghangharia entrance (11. 5 lakhs for restoration in year 1.95 m wide Road from Govind Ghat/Pandukeshwar to Pulna Approx.50 I SEB 5 km LS LS 5.50 2. near 6 km point.53 0. 84 m span Bridge near Pandukeshwar enroute to Pulna Attractive Turntable Solid Waste Bins (@100 m interval) along the path from Govind Ghat to Ghangharia Buildings & Allied Construction Cluster A · at Pulna (near 3 km point).53 0.75 km to 12. 0.20 sqm 36. This will also function as a tourist information desk and First Aid Centre c) Shauchalaya with 2 toilets each for men and women on ‘pay & use’ facility (4 m x 3 m) d) Septic Tank with Soak pit (2.00 15 0. sqm No. h) Mule Shed with sides opened for 15 mules (30 sqm approx.20 sqm 720.00 180. 7. 2. @ Rs.84 0.9 km.00 30 180. (For Pulna its already covered under Pulna head) Cluster B – provided near 1.95 km and 12 km from Govind Ghat: 6 Clusters with temporary sloped roof structures of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall .39 0.63 0.92 1.00 90.2 Nos. Development Components Unit Quantity 135.S.35 km from Govind Ghat: 9 Clusters with temporary sloped roof structures of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall .painted in dark green a) Snacks/ Fast food centre: 6 in numbers. with a seating capacity of 15 people each (area of each unit = 20 sqm) b) Drinking Water Facility (1000 litre low density polythene moulded tank) c) Shauchalaya with 2 toilets each for men and women on ‘pay & use’ facility (4 m x 3 m) d) Septic Tank with Soak pit (2m x 1. 11.58 63.00 180.05 km.53 0.3 km.00 90 63 0. 10. I I I I Implmt.84 0.69 0.2 numbers (each of area 15 sqm). 2. 9 270.50 0. No. sqm sqm sqm 18. 10.00 22.44 II II sqm sqm No.39 0. 1 lakhs per unit which sqm sqm sqm No. Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 0.2 km.6 km.) at Cluster B i) Septic Tank and Soak pit for mule shed (2. No.5 m) e) Covered Rest Shed with sides opened -1 in number (area 15 sqm) f) Precast/welded mild steel benches painted dark green (5 in each shed) g) The trek path between the cluster to be partially covered over roof (3m x 10 m). in lakhs) 0.5m) Cluster C – provided near 1.08 1.5mx1. 8 km.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Sr.45 II DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC No. h) Mule Shed with sides opened for 30 mules (60 sqm approx.) at Cluster A i) Septic Tank and Soak pit for mule shed (4mx2m) j) Large size waste collection pit of 4m x 1m x 1m size (dark green painted MS iron cage mounted on a masonry platform that can be easily assembled & waste removed) to be used by EDC cleaning staff to dump the waste collected from trek path/sides & enroute establishments .22 1.69 1. 5 km. 3.08 1.00 24. sqm 6 72. Agency DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC 2 g) The trek path between the cluster to be partially covered over roof (3m x 15 m).10 km. 4. c) Precast/welded mild steel benches painted dark green (5 in each shed) Investment for setting up shops/food counters (L.69 1.20 Inception Report Phase of Dvpt.58 CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 451 .5 km.3 km.00 0.39 0.79 II II II II II II 3 No.17 2.00 2 Cost (Rs.17 2.75 km.5 km.painted in dark green a) Drinking Water Facility (500 litre low density polythene moulded tank) b) Covered Rest Shed with sides opened . 8.00 I I I I&II 4 DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC PVT 0.00 14. 6. size each) is also proposed to be provided and disassembled after tourism season along the trek path at an interval of: · At an interval of 0.79 I DoF/ EDC 0.79 sqm sqm LS LS 14.00 2 0.08 20. Ghangharia. and 2 Sets of Shirt/Trouser for each member/staff DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC BSNL 0. 40 cleaning staff (including 1 each at Hemkunt.46 I DoF/ EDC 2.30 sqm 22.50 0. x 5 ft.98 I DoF/ EDC 0.painted dark green (2 ft.14 19.5 km point till 4 km point · At an interval of 0.painted in dark green for PCO Booths along with telephone registration to be provided . a) Temporary structure in 3m dia spread b) 1. Pulna.08 40. labour) Additional set of 2 uncovered precast/ welded mild steel benches . 1 Temporary sloped roof structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall .39 2. & Govind Ghat locations for handling waste compression equipment units.5 km point · At an interval of 0. Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs.5m) Dark green painted temporary sloped roof of corrugated GI sheet roof (painted in dark green) Vista Points enroute the trek path .15 m high MS Frame & GI Pipe railing c) Cost of Telescope No. & 10 local paramedics a) 1 Set of Rainproof Jackets/Trousers.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Sr.2 in No. equipments. No.5 km interval (1 m x 1m) Septic Tank & Soak Pit (1m x 1.10 km distance after Bhyundar till Ghangharia Dark green painted temporary slope roof structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall .30 I DoF/ EDC 0.98 CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 452 . other goods.11 0.for 15 members.20 km distance after 1. 65 0. 140 2. and 1 for handling Incinerator to be built as an existing proposal at Govind Ghat). furniture.46 No. 15 0. Agency Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 5 6 7 8 includes the cost of space. 1 Set of Waterproof shoes.painted in dark green for 1 Urinal each @ 0.00 I I I I 9 D.One at 6 km point along trek path at Cluster A between Bhyundar & Pulna and another near Kanjila Helipad area Equipments/Other Infrastructure Dress Uniform & other equipments for EDC Members/ Cleaning Staff of Bhyundar & Govind Ghat as well .00 3.00 3 No.11 0.25 km distance from Govind Ghat till Cluster B at 1. in lakhs) Inception Report Phase of Dvpt.75 km point) · At an interval of 0. Implmt.15 km distance after 4 km point till Bhyundar (at 8. 00 I PVT No. 5000 1.20 sqm 1. Agency Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 0.51 sqm 2. No. No. 1 Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs.25 Phase of Dvpt. river Pushpawati.63 Inception Report Phase of Dvpt. cleaning staff (40). Legges' grave and old Helipad Standardised Signage Boards in Valley of Flowers at the junction of trek path to indicate locations separately to Ms. Legge's grave and to Helipad sqm 1.16 0. local paramedics (10) one person per pair of mule (500).20 I 0.88 8 PROPOSALS FOR DEVELOPMENT IN VALLEY OF FLOWERS Sr. I I Implmt.08 0. No.15 sqm 1. in lakhs) 0.44 0.15 I DoF / PWD DoF / PWD 0.25 2 3 4 5 6 Signages Standardised Signage Board at each km point (5 boards) to indicate the distance within Valley of Flowers on both sides of the board Standard Signage Board at river crossings to indicate the name of streams/rivers (1 board each for Gushadhar Garh. Dev Mangri Garh.44 0.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Sr.02 0. and Donagair Garh) Standard Warning/Information Signage Board for Landslide prone areas/Glacier (6 boards) along trek path within Valley of Flowers Standardised Signage Board in Valley of Flowers at Bamani Dhaur Junction to Khunt Khal indicating the trek path bifurcation (including altitude at Bamani Dhaur) Standardised Signage Board in Valley of Flowers indicate the trek path direction for Ms.63 No.20 I DoF / PWD 0.31 I DoF / PWD 0. A.32 617. four persons per palki (300) Initial procurement of good quality raincoats (based on average load per day for to & fro visitation) with “Valley of Flowers” and “Sri Hemkunt Sahib” logos embossed on the front and message of “Keep Valley of Flowers – Hemkunt Region Clean” printed at the back to be issued on a security deposit to tourists Initial procurement of Carry Bags/Hand Bags woven out of Ringal grass/Jute bags (jute may be procured from outside but bags shall be crafted by the local community) to carry lighter belongings/food items TOTAL No. waste holder/picker.51 I DoF / PWD 0. in lakhs) 0.60 0.80 I DoF / PWD sqm 3. Bistoli Garh. etc. Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 0. 3000 6.20 CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 453 . c) Photo-identity cards/certificates (EDC members (15).00 I PVT 918.02 0. porters (400). Implmt. Development Components Unit Quantity 40 1265 Cost (Rs. Agency DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC 2 3 b) Set of equipments like broom.31 sqm 1. No.25 0.5 km stretch (in between VoF Entrance and Bamini Dhaur point) 1. and one of 100sqm area around the Ms.5 km stretch (in between VoF Entrance and Bamini Dhaur point) 4 Open Vista Points .65 CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 454 . x 5 ft. Legge's grave by cleaning the immediate surroundings in a limited way between these rocks and the existing trek path and layinmg the same with dry stone random rubble masonry surface) Additional set of 20 uncovered precast/welded mild steel benches .15 I DoF/ EDC 0. bloom period. size each) is proposed at the 4 Open Vista Points on the cleared random rubble masonry surface open space (4 benches each at 3 smaller vista points & 8 sqm Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 0. 20 0.61 No.15 m high MS Angle/GI pipe railing as per existing design and painted in dark green for 2.82 sqm 175 0. in lakhs) 0.82 I DoF/ PWD 20. each of 0. I Implmt.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Sr.45 m x 0. 30000 2.65 I DoF/ EDC 0.73 I DoF/ PWD 4.05 sqm 20.painted dark green (2 ft.61 I DoF/ EDC 0. any other brief etc.73 sqm 2875 20.one at 2 km point (near the small glacier) with 25 sqm area and two more in the main valley each with 25 sqm area (these could be at those current locations which have large rock boulders. Agency DoF/ EDC 8 9 B. printed on a glossy A-2 paper of size 18” x 23” printed on both sides and with 12 folds) & 1 Trek Map with Flower Composition brief on one side and Dos’ & Don’ts/any other instruction on other side (printed on good A-4 sheet of size 9” x 11” in black & white for the 4-year project period Small nature interpretation signages along the major trees and flora on the way (Assuming 150 boards displayed alternatively as per the bloom cycle of flora at VoF including those at Germplasm Bank/ Shadow Garden between Ghangharia & VoF Entrance Gate.15 sqm 1350 4.5 m x 2 m size) and 1 board at Vista Point near Ms. wide new dry Stone Kharanja path over narrow soil/bridle surface trail for 1.10 I&II DoF/ EDC 1.07 Inception Report Phase of Dvpt. 7 Development Components Unit Quantity 10.07 No.3 m size made up of MS angle/sheets) painted as per the current pattern followed by DoF Land & Site Development Laying of 3 ft. Legge's grave (1m x 1m size) made up of MS angles/sheets painted as per the current pattern followed by DoF Coloured brochure/booklet (listing major 54 floral species and major fauna species with their pictures. 1 2 3 4 Nature Interpretation/Information Board at 3 Open Vista Points with small pictures & supporting text (1.00 Cost (Rs. 3 Nos.5 m wide x 4 m long x 3 m high at centre) with steel truss frame and corrugated GI sheet roof/wall painted in dark green b) 4 precast/welded mild steel benches (2 ft.3 Nos. in 4-years of project implementation Creation of Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Official Website and relevant Hardware.00 CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 455 .00 sqm 60. Agency Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ C.00 I&II DoF/ DoT/ EDC/ NGO DoT 80.10 km distance after Ghangharia till the 2 km point in Valley of Flowers (as this stretch of path is relatively steeper) .91 I 0. 1 2 benches at larger vista point at Ms. LS 150.04 I DoF/ EDC 0.00 I DoF/ PWD 6.00 I&II 60. Equipments/Capacity Building/ Promotion Expenses on Equipments/ Infrastructure for Forest Patrol Staff (incl. No.5 km interval starting from the VOFNP entrance gate till the 3 km point only .painted in dark green for single unit unisex toilet for Urinal/WC use at each km (1m x 1m) till 3 km point only after VoF Entrance Gate . 1 2 3 4 5 D. 1 0. long) painted in dark green and arranged in U-pattern in each shelter Additional set of 2 uncovered precast/welded mild steel benches .10 LS 150.5 m) .10 I DoF/ EDC DoF 0. size each) is also proposed to be provided along the trek path at an interval of 0.painted in dark green for Rain Shelter/Rest shed and fitted on soil/bridle floor may be provided at every 0. 28 0.57 I DoF/ EDC 0. in lakhs) Inception Report Phase of Dvpt.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Sr. 2 6. 1.78 I DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC 0. Digital Cameras for vista points in VoF).78 No.00 I&II 3 4 All advertising and promotional costs including Cost for short documentary movie.00 0. Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs.57 No.painted dark green (2 ft. x 5 ft. No.50 0. 24 0. promotion on TV /AIR/FM channels.91 No. Legge's grave) and disassembled after tourist season Buildings & Allied Construction Contruction of new Folding Bridge (painted in dark green) at Gushadhar Garh and Bistoli Garh Temporary structure of corrugated GI sheet roof/wall .6 Rain Shelters a) Temporary sloped roof structures (2. Septic Tank and Soak Pits (1m x 1.04 No. etc. wide x 5 ft.00 LS 50. Research works for conservation/documentation and time series monitoring Initial trainings/ capacity building of the local community and other stakeholders.14 x 2 = 28 benches and to be disassembled after tourist season Temporary slope roofed structures of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall .00 LS 200.00 I&II DoT/ DoF 20. Implmt.00 60. Agency Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 258. in lakhs) 0. Lokpal Temple.13 I 0. Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs.35 I 1.12 CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 456 .07 Phase of Dvpt.16 0. Agency Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 0. and Shadow Garden/Germplasm Bank at Hemkunt for high altitude flora Standard Eco-Awareness Message Signage displayed at Hemkunt Gurdwara premises a) Punjabi (1 Board each for2 types of messages with 2 text rows. Hemkunt Sarovar.35 sqm 3. No.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Sr.31 I DoF/ PWD 0.13 sqm 2.81 sqm 7.31 sqm 4. Implmt.12 I 0.85 0.35 sqm 7. and 1 request message with 12 text rows) Standard Information Signage Board at Lokpal Temple to provide brief history of the temple and Annual fairs Small nature interpretation signages along with rare trees and flora from Ghangharia to Hemkunt (assuming 50 boards) and at Hemkunt (assuming 50 boards displayed alternatively as per the bloom cycle of flora) each of 0.67 I 0.31 I 0.60 0. Proposed Helipad.12 hosting charges etc.31 sqm 2.35 I DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC 1.67 sqm 14.07 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Signages Standard Signage Board at Lakshman/ Hem Ganga bridge just after Ghangharia to indicate the name of river Standard Signage Board at Lakshman/ Hem Ganga bridge about half a km before Hemkunt to indicate the name of river Standardised Signage Board at each km point to indicate the distance from Ghangharia to Hemkunt (6 boards) on both sides of the board Standard Warning/Information Signage Board for Waterfalls/Landslide/ Avalanche prone areas upto Hemkunt (3 boards) /Cluster A Amenity (3 boards) Standard Signage Board at the Hemkunt Sahib complex to indicate the location of Hemkunt Sahib (including the altitude). TOTAL 0 PROPOSALS FOR DEVELOPMENT IN HEMKUNT Sr. Implmt.72 I DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD sqm 0. No.17 Inception Report Phase of Dvpt. 1 Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs.3 m size made up of MS angle/sheets) including at High Altitude Germplasm Bank/Shadow Garden at Hemkunt painted as per the current pattern sqm 0.45 m x 0. Lakshman / Hem Ganga.20 1.16 0.20 1. and 1 request message with 12 text rows) b) Hindi (1 Board each for2 types of messages with 2 text rows.72 0.20 1.35 I 1. A.81 I DoF/ PWD 0.32 0.35 sqm 7. and 1 request message with 12 text rows) c) English (1 Board each for2 types of messages with 2 text rows. in lakhs) 589. Earth work (2' deep x 3' wide) b) Retaining wall . while the power source can be mains supply or solar sqm 2500 7. in lakhs) Inception Report Phase of Dvpt.29 I I 6.28 0.04 0. Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs.5 kg CO2 Fire Extinguishers (available as close as practicable to the Helipad) k) LS cost for provision of Helipad lighting (Options are .Painting with highly retroreflective WHITE paint mixture containing glass beads or similar to provide visual guidance in low light conditions for marking 'H' strip (2 side strips of 3 m & mid strip of 1 m clear dimensions & 0. sqm 13246.07 44. at Hemkunt Sahib (2500 sqm) on Forest Land Heritage Conservation Works at Lokpal Temple/Surroundings Construction of Helipad Surface (30 m dia.31 88.10 I DoF/ PWD 0.02 0.40 m width of these strips) and marking Landing & Lift-Off Area (LLA) strip of size 7.23 0.10 LS 0.35 m in centreline radius from the centre of 'H' marking & 0.30 m wide i) LS cost for provision of wind speed and direction indicator mounted on pole to provide a visual guide to the wind speed & direction (windsock shall be located outside of the helicopter flight path envelop and clear of turbulence affected areas) j) LS cost for provision of two 4.Top RCC 1:2:4 floor slab: Cost of Steel @ 150 kg/cum consumption h) Helipad .64 cum 113.51 0. corresponding to Final approach & Take-Off Area .86 7.10 I DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD 0.31 kg. No. 1 2 3 followed by DoF Land & Site Development Development of Germplasm Bank / Shadow Garden for higher altitude species like Brahmakamal.50 cum cum cum 42.Compacted Base Earth filling (plinth .10 LS 1.Base CC (4" deep x 3' wide) c) Retaining wall .28 0.19 LS 5. Agency Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ B.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Sr.65 6.86 7. etc.RR Masonry (1-1/2' deep x 2' wide lower layer + 1-1/2' deep x 1-1/2' wide upper layer) d) Helipad .FATO) a) Retaining wall . under flooring (6" deep) e) Helipad .Top RCC 1:2:4 floor slab (5" thick overall with 2" overlap over the masonry wall width) g) Helipad .19 I DoF 7. Implmt.23 0.1'8" deep x 6" wide.39 7.31 2.Base CC 1:4:8 (5" thick under flooring) f) Helipad .00 I LMS 2.29 LS 0.00 I 1.00 CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 457 .06 cum cum 88.02 0.64 I I I DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD 0.88 16.06 I 0.31 I I 2.flood lights used in conjunction with retro-reflective markings or ground level lights that identify the edge of LLA and the FATO. 53 0.67 cum 843.6 m width incl.38 0.43 sqm 7200.00 15. Agency Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 68.07 0.00 I DoF/ PWD 0.16 I I I I DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD 0.03 cum 3.16 kg sqm 379.20 m thick for a common path GI Wire mesh (24 gauge /144 mesh per sqm) bracing to hold hill side slopes upto 4' high along the mule trek path edge (except portion upto 13 km point ahead of Ghangharia) Small Cross Drainage Works across trek path at approximate regular intervals of 10 such locations per km from Ghangharia to Hemkunt a) Earthwork in cutting 4" deep below the stone masonry level x 1' wide x 1.08 CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 458 .8 m x 0.75 2.60 0.06 0.43 I DoF/ PWD 187.8 m long under drain chamber along the width of trek path b) 3' thick CC 1:4:8 basework under drain chamber c) Plaster in CM 1:6 on side walls of drain chamber d) 25 mm thick Flooring in CC 1:2:4 in drain chamber e) Provision of 3 removable RCC 1:2:4 slab chamber covers (1’6" wide x 2’ ft long x 2" thick) per chamber with grated openings (1'1/2" dia @ 4" c/c) f) Tor steel used in RCC chamber cover @ 150 kg/cum Construction of small culverts (1 m x 0.67 I DoF/ PWD 0.75 9. Implmt.5 m span) for cross drainage under the trek path with minor retaining wing/support walls and RCC slab of 1 m x 1. with dimensions as 6250 m x 1. No.225 m thick) Pucca 1:2:4 CC path with 12 mm grooved Herringbone pattern (100 mm x 212 mm size) on top surface.50 I DoF/ PWD cum 1921.15 m size for about 2 small seasonal stream lines observed that cross the trek path from sqm 9487. in lakhs) 68.14 cum 2250.14 0.38 33.07 0.03 I DoF/ PWD 15.53 84.05 0.06 0.8 m x 0.72 Inception Report Phase of Dvpt.00 187.6 m width and 9" or 0.14 0. Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs.69 3.15 m high x 1000 m long MS railing on both sides along a separate pucca step path in last 1 km stretch to Hemkunt as per the exisiting design and painted in dark green Earthwork in cutting for widening trek path (6250 m long by average 2' or 0.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Sr.15 m high x 6250 m long MS railing along one side of the trek path and 1. or 0.00 cum sqm sqm cum 2.08 I I DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD 0.025 m depth of side slopes cut in triangular cross section till the base of 9" thick stone masonry Widening of Trek path base in stone Kharanja/Masonry work (6250 m long by average2 ft.05 0.88 0.14 I DoF/ PWD 9. 1.72 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 powered) Construction of one-side 1. 00 15.01 0. 1 1 1.5 km cluster of facilities on the Hemkunt route to facilitate safe return of visitors in this last stretch which may get dark sometimes due to bad weather (@30m interval) Attractive Turntable Solid Waste Bins (@100 m interval) along the path from Ghangharia to Hemkunt Solid Waste Compression Equipment at Hemkunt Large size waste collection pit of 4m x 1m x 1m size (dark green painted MS iron cage mounted on a masonry platform that can be easily assembled & waste removed) to be used by EDC cleaning staff to dump the waste collected from trek path/sides & enroute establishments – 1 No.19 CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 459 .25 I I 1. 1 Ghangharia to Hemkunt Street lighting from the junction of route to Valley of Flowers / Hemkunt Sahib at Ghangharia till next 1.25 sqm 240.34 I 1. Buildings & Allied Construction Cluster A · provided near 1.00 45.72 0.98 0.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Sr.64 0.49 1.98 0.00 8. No.34 sqm sqm No.painted in dark green a) Snacks/ Fast food centre: 4 in numbers.00 120.72 0. Agency Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 10 11 12 13 C.64 0.35 km points after Ghangharia settlement towards Hemkunt: 3 Clusters with temporary slope roofed structures of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall . Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs.00 1 0.98 0. h) Mule Shed for 20 mules (40 sqm approx.5mx2m) j) Large size waste collection pit of 4m x 1m x 1m size (dark green painted MS iron cage mounted on a masonry platform that can be easily assembled & waste removed) to be used by EDC cleaning staff to dump the sqm 50 II DoF/ PWD LS 60 0. with a seating capacity of 15 people each (area of each unit = 20 sqm) b) A multi-purpose room functioning as tourist information desk and first aid centre (10 sqm) c) Shauchalaya with 2 toilets each for men and women on ‘pay & use’ facility (4 m x 3 m) d) Septic Tank with Soak pit (2.5 km.98 I DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC 0. 15.00 15 135.98 0.) at Cluster A i) Septic Tank and Soak pit for mule shed (2.19 I I I I I I I 0. in lakhs) 19.12 sqm 36. 3.00 1.00 1.01 0.29 1.63 Inception Report Phase of Dvpt.12 I 1. and 5.5m x 2 m) e) Covered Rest Shed 1 in number (area 15 sqm) f) Precast/welded mild steel benches painted dark green ( 5 in each shed) g) The trek path between the cluster to be partially covered (3m x 15 m). sqm sqm sqm No.95 sqm 30. Implmt.95 I DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC 8.29 1.5 km.98 LS No.49 1. provided near 1 km.S.00 0.) at Cluster B i) Septic Tank and Soak pit for mule shed (2mx1.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Sr. size each) is also proposed to be provided along the trek path at an interval of 0. labour) Additional set of 2 uncovered precast/welded mild steel benches .90 II II sqm sqm No.33 I DoF/ EDC 3. 4 120.10 km distance after Ghangharia till Hemkunt (as this stretch of path is relatively steeper and to ease the trek such additional amenities are suggested) and to be disassembled after tourist season Temporary slope roofed structure of sqm 80. with a seating capacity of 15 people each (area of each unit = 20 sqm) b) Drinking Water Facility (1000 litre low density polythene moulded tank) c) Shauchalaya with 2 toilets each for men and women on ‘pay & use’ facility (4 m x 3 m) d) Septic Tank with Soak pit (2m x 1. & 5. in lakhs) Inception Report Phase of Dvpt. sqm 2 24. Implmt.5 m) e) Covered Rest Shed 1 in number (area 15 sqm) f) Precast/welded mild steel benches painted dark green ( 5 in each shed) g) The trek path between the cluster to be partially covered (3m x 10 m). 4 km. No.5 km.19 CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 460 .19 I DoF/ 0.00 2. No.72 1.painted dark green (2 ft.5 km from Ghangharia: 2 Clusters with temporary slope roofed structures of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall .72 1.39 0.painted in dark green a) Snacks/ Fast food centre: 2 in numbers.33 6 No.1 No.57 0.provided near 2.75 km from Ghangharia: 4 Clusters with temporary slope roofed structures of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall . furniture. h) Mule Shed for 10 mules (20 sqm approx.00 40 19 0.33 0. sqm sqm sqm 6.14 1.00 40. other goods. at 3. 102 3.43 0.00 30. Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs. 5 0.57 0. sqm No. 1 lakhs per unit which includes the cost of space.98 II DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC No. c) Precast/welded mild steel benches painted dark green ( 5 in each shed) Investment for setting up shops/food counters (L.00 6. Agency Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 2 waste collected from trek path/sides & enroute establishments .5 km point Cluster B .31 19.00 10 60. x 5 ft.5m) Cluster C . & 4.painted in dark green a) Drinking Water Facility (500 litre low density polythene moulded tank) b) Covered Rest Shed 2 numbers (each of area 15 sqm).14 0.14 1. 2 km.00 0.39 II II II II II II 3 No. @ Rs. equipments.00 I I I I&II 4 DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC PVT 0.31 5 No. Agency Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 0.89 I&II I DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC/ ZP 0.4 m wide) at Hemkunt Septic Tank with Soak pit (5m x 1.89 10 sqm 36.49 6. A.5m) Upgradation of 2 culverts/minor bridges for cross drainage of the larger streams (till one and half km before Hemkunt including the Lakshman / Hem Ganga stream) Construction of biogas plant based on Langar waste at Hemkunt Sahib for heating/ lighting purposes. and Shadow Garden / Germplasm Bank after Ghangharia Standard Eco-Awareness Message Signage displayed at Govind Dham Gurdwara premises a) Punjabi (1 Board each for2 types of messages with 2 text rows. in lakhs) 0.83 1 PROPOSALS FOR DEVELOPMENT AT GHANGHARIA Sr.73 CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 461 .50 2 0.5 km interval (1 m x 1m) Septic Tank & Soak Pit (1m x 1.50 100.00 II DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC 0.73 I DoF/ EDC 0.51 351. in lakhs) Inception Report Phase of Dvpt.00 1. No. (1 at Hemkunt Sahib and another at 3. 100 sqm area Septic Tank and Soak Pits for mule sheds at Hemkunt Complex (4 m x 2 m) .Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Sr.00 2 1.00 I I&II DoF/ EDC/ ZP BSNL 1.00 I I&II DoF/ EDC DoF/ PWD 0.painted in dark green for 1 Urinal each @ 0.49 3.00 9 LS 1 10.00 1. and 1 request sqm 1. 1 Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs.5 km point at Cluster A TOTAL sqm No. Agency EDC Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 7 8 corrugated GI sheet roof & wall .15 Phase of Dvpt.painted in dark green for additional PCO Booths along with telephone registration to be provided 2 Nos.97 1. Implmt.5 m) Construction of dark green painted temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof with sides opened for Mule Sheds (50 mules at a time) at Hemkunt Complex.20 0.77 I&II 11 12 sqm sqm 22.38 1 417.38 3.approx.89 13 14 sqm LS 16. Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs.2 sets Temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall . Dark green painted temporary slope roofed structure for Shauchalaya with 5 toilet seats each for men and women for pilgrims and another set for Labourers (5 m long x 2.94 1.44 I DoF/ PWD sqm 7.15 2 Signages Standardised Signage Board at the entrance to Ghangharia to indicate the location and altitude above MSL. No. 7. Implmt. 00 9. Implmt.55 0.50 No. with a mild slope towards centre so that storm water drains out from the drain running along the centre of the path Small Cross Drainage Work along the centre of trek path at Ghangharia settlement (with lateral path surface sloping towards this drain in the centre) a) Earthwork in cutting 4" deep below the stone masonry level x 1' wide x 250 m long under drain chamber and 6 hume pipes x 25 m long b) 3' thick CC 1:4:8 basework under drain chamber and hume pipe c) Plaster in CM 1:6 on side walls of drain chamber d) 25 mm thick Flooring in CC 1:2:4 in drain chamber e) Provision of removable RCC 1:2:4 slab drain covers (each 1’6" wide x 2’ ft long x 2" thick) with grated openings (1'1/2" dia @ 4" c/c) f) Tor steel used in RCC chamber cover @ 150 kg/cum sqm 7.73 B.18 0.01 cum sqm sqm cum 10.11 0.75 0.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Sr.24 0. Agency Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 0.73 Inception Report Phase of Dvpt. No.08 0.38 0. LS LS No. and 1 request message with 12 text rows) c) English (1 Board each for2 types of messages with 2 text rows.27 6 cum 150.93 0.22 CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 462 .00 5. 10 20 1 2 3. Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs.73 75.02 I DoF/ PWD 9.73 I 0.08 0.50 I DoF 78.73 sqm 50000 78.13 187.01 I DoF/ PWD 0.27 II I I I DoF/ PWD DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC 0. with dimensions as 250 m x 3 m x 0.25 I I I I DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD 0.20 0.20 I DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC sqm 7.55 0. 1 2 3 4 5 message with 12 text rows) b) Hindi (1 Board each for2 types of messages with 2 text rows.63 0. and 1 request message with 12 text rows) Land & Site Development Development of Shadow Garden/ Demonstration Nursery/ Germplasm Bank near Ghangharia between Lakshman Ganga / Valley of Flowers Entrance / Ghangharia (in 5 ha or 50000 sqm area) Street Lighting at Ghangharia market / settlement (@30m interval) Attractive Turntable Solid Waste Bins (@15 m interval) Solid Waste Compression Equipment Large size waste collection pit of 4m x 1m x 1m size (dark green painted MS iron cage mounted on a masonry platform that can be easily assembled & waste removed) to be used by EDC cleaning staff to dump the waste collected from trek path/sides & enroute establishments – 2 No.18 0.02 7 cum 48.24 0.22 I DoF/ PWD 0.25 kg 843.11 0. in lakhs) 0.20 m thick over existing path surface. Pucca 1:2:4 CC path with 12 mm grooved Herringbone pattern (100 mm x 212 mm size) on top surface. 22 I PVT sqm 459.54 I DoF/ EDC 0.2 Resorts c) Extra coverage for open rubble masonry internal pathways (25% of tented base area) d) Landscaping (20% of tented base area) e) Septic tank and soak pit . No.temporary tented resort after the Ghangharia settlement in current vacant lands on the side of trek path on land rented every season/short-term leased from Forest Dept.21 I I I PVT PVT PVT No. Development Components Unit Quantity 150.45 Inception Report Phase of Dvpt.00 0. I Implmt.86 21.54 sqm 20.painted in dark green for Information Desk facility at GMVN TRH Construction of another temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall . all these with attached toilet tents a) Cost of tent set (main tent with 10' x 10' size & toilet tent with 10' x 5' size) . 102 18.62 0.80 153. 1 2 3 4 g) Provision of hume pipe (1’ dia x 25m long) at approximate regular intervals of 25 m under pedestrian trek path & beyond building portion towards lower slopes Buildings & Allied Construction Development of 2 .5 sqm) Construction of temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall .17 tents in each resort b) Cost of plinth/base work & furnishings (each resort with 2-bed 17 tents of 10' x 10' size with toilet tents of 10' x 5 ' size) .2 Resorts c) Extra coverage for open rubble masonry internal pathways (25% of tented base area) d) Landscaping (20% of tented base area) e) Septic tank and soak pit .25 ha.17 tents in each resort b) Cost of plinth/base work & furnishings (each resort with 2-bed 17 tents of 10' x 10' size with toilet tents of 10' x 5 ' size) . land .painted in dark green to support the existing VoF Information Centre at FRH rm Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 0.75 91. land catering to 180 beds capacity in 90 tents and 2 tents for 4 staff in each resort.00 20. all these with attached toilet tents a) Cost of tent set (main tent with 10' x 10' size & toilet tent with 10' x 5' size) . total of 0.65 I&II PVT sqm 1377.68 I PVT sqm sqm sqm 114.40 459. in lakhs) 0.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Sr.04 I&II PVT sqm sqm sqm sqm 344. total of 0.5 m size (4.catering to 60 beds capacity in 30 tents and 2 tents for 4 staff in each resort. spread over approx.75 ha.45 No.00 0.each of 3 m x 1.5 sqm) Development of 6 . 34 6.00 Cost (Rs.00 32.54 I&II I&II I&II I PVT PVT PVT DoT/ GMVN 0.temporary tented resort before end of Kanjila in current vacant lands on the side of trek path on land rented every season / short-term leased from Van Panchayat spread over approx.54 CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 463 .29 7.00 10.00 0.87 0.29 0.each of 3 m x 1.5 m size (4.25 275. Agency DoF/ PWD C. 30 I DoF/ EDC/ DoR 2. porters.17 0.approx.painted in dark green for a small First Aid -cumTrauma Care Clinic building with 4 patient beds (approx.00 5.00 50. Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs.painted in dark green (approx.15 m high MS/GI pipe railing painted in dark green along the decks with gate openings for access. for each deck Temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall . near the junction of Valley of Flowers-Hemunt route and facing the Lakshman / Hem Ganga Waterfall made up of temporary sloped roof structure of corrugated GI sheet roof . d) Precast/welded mild steel benches painted in dark green (2 ft. and with sides open c) 1.78 CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 464 .temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall . No.approx. size) . 50 sqm) with some furniture Construct temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall .88 13.88 13.cost of plinth work b) Cost of roof truss with corrugated GI sheet roof . 500 sqm area Septic Tank and Soak Pits for mule sheds at Ghangharia (4 m x 2 m) . Implmt.00 300. Agency Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Complex Development of Landscaped Recreation Plaza on land leased from Forest Dept. 25 sqm area) at Ghangharia & Kanjila Construct a Small Police Chowki building temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall .00 2.painted in dark green for additional Cloak room to be developed for the tourists who do not wish to carry their luggage for the trekking up (each of approx.painted in dark green.painted in dark green (150 persons capacity) for mule operators.17 sqm sqm 40.00 1.00 5.34 II II DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC sqm 46.00 2.00 1. x 5 ft.30 sqm 50.30 I DoF/ EDC 2.00 0.30 LS sqm 500. palki carriers and which can also be used by EDC cleaning staff .painted in dark green a) 2 covered relaxation decks of area 25 sq.12 nos. 24 0. in lakhs) Inception Report Phase of Dvpt.35 I sqm 50. 50 sqm) with some equipments/ furniture Assistance for some special equipment for Trauma Care Clinic at Ghangharia Construction of temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof/wall painted in dark green with open sides for Mule Sheds (200 mules at a time) at Ghangharia.5 sets Construction of Cheap Dormitory accommodation . 300 sqm area with sqm sqm 50.78 I I DoF/ EDC/ ZP DoF/ EDC/ ZP 1.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Sr.00 5.57 II sqm 50.17 I I DoH DoF/ EDC/ ZP 5.00 0.m each .24 II No. 34 II DoF/ EDC sqm LS LS 4. No.3 sets (9 sqm each) Construct a temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall . some equipments/ furniture for emergency veterinary needs Construct another 4-seat Public Toilet after the end of Ghangharia settlement of the same size as at the entrance (4.44 I DoF/ PWD CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 465 .50 274.) incl.65 0. No. Implmt. in lakhs) 0.painted in dark green for new Education-cum-Training Centre-cum EDC Store/Disaster Shelter at Ghangharia (100 sqm approx.00 II I II DoF/ EDC UREDA/ GS/ EDC DoF/ JN 0 20 LS 4 6. in lakhs) Inception Report Phase of Dvpt.50 25.painted in dark green for additional PCO Booths along with telephone registration to be provided 4 Nos.27 1.15 I II DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC 1.03 sqm sqm 27.03 I DoF/ EDC/ ZP 3. 2 urinals. A.50 3. Agency Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 twin bunk bed system/furniture but excluding toilets Temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall .00 I&II DoF/ EDC 2.69 II DoF/ EDC D.00 25.00 1.24 130. Temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall . 4 bath rooms) – 3 sets Septic tank with soak pit .) Equipments Projection Equipments/Furniture etc.27 sqm 12. Implmt. for Upgradation of Nature Interpretation Centre at FRH Complex TOTAL sqm 112.54 3 PROPOSALS FOR DEVELOPMENT AT BHYUNDAR Sr.5 sqm) Major repairs in Ghangharia Turbine Plant Provision for Covered Pucca Water Storage Tank and Purification System to cater about more than 5000 persons per day in a peak season Temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall .00 II BSNL 3 21 sqm 100.painted in dark green for Community Pay & Use Toilet Complex for these labourers (4 seat.11 Phase of Dvpt.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Sr. Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs.11 Signages Standardised Signage Board at Bhyundar village to indicate the trek path bifurcation sqm 1.6 m x 2.00 2.painted in dark green Septic Tank with soak pit (4.75 m) in temporary sloped roof structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall .21 0. Agency Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 0.50 0.painted in dark green for a Veterinary Clinic (25 sqm approx. 1 Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs. 1 LS 5. 05 I 0. 1 Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs.2 sets Septic Tank with Soak pit (6m x 1.05 Inception Report Phase of Dvpt.81 sqm 48.72 I DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD sqm 0.81 I DoF/ PWD 2. 1 C.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Sr. inside the village and along trek path Buildings & Allied Construction Temporary slope roofed strcuture of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall . A. TOTAL sqm 0. No.30 1.00 0.09 CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 466 . 94 0.9m deepx 0.PCO Booth with telephone registration.95 I II 3 4 5 Masonry barriers along the parking space (1. Land/ EDC/ ZP Owners of Pvt.61 1. 1 1 0. 1 2 Signages Standardised Signage Board at the entrance to Pulna to indicate the location and altitude above MSL Land & Site Development Street Lighting at Pulna village (@30m interval) New Parking Space if road is developed till Pulna sqm 0.37 0.painted in dark green for Satellite Phone for Bhyundar village -cum. No.3m wide at spacing of 4" for drainage openings) if new aprking space is developed Solid Waste Compression Equipment Large size waste collection pit of 4m x 1m x 1m size (dark green painted MS iron cage No.5 m) Temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall . in lakhs) 0. Implmt. Agency Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 0. Land/ EDC/ ZP DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC 2.painted in dark green for use as EDC Store/Disaster Relief Shelter at Bhyundar (100 sqm) Temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall .09 I I DoF/ PWD Owners of Pvt.99 5.05 B.72 I DoF/ PWD No.5m long x 0.1 No.93 I&II GS 0.00 100. sqm 10 500 2.42 II LS No.05 Phase of Dvpt.68 1.93 LS 1 1.46 sqm sqm 18.painted in dark green for Shauchalaya with 4 toilets each for men and women for Local Community at Bhyundar (8 m x 3 m) . Agency Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 0. 1 2 3 4 for Kagbhushandi trek Standard Signage Board at Bhyundar Ganga wooden bridge at Bhyundar village to indicate the name of river Standardised Signage Board at the entrance to Bhyundar to indicate the location and altitude above MSL Land & Site Development Street Lighting at Bhyundar village (@30m interval) incl.05 2 3 B.37 0.68 0. Implmt.72 1 PROPOSALS FOR DEVELOPMENT AT PULNA Sr. 10 2.72 0. Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs.93 I&II I GS DoF/ EDC 0.00 0.05 No.50 I BSNL 1 7. in lakhs) 0. 00 II DOT/ BSNL LS 1 1.44 sqm sqm 18. some equipments/furniture Assistance for some special equipment for Trauma Care Clinic at Pulna TOTAL sqm 48.83 I I DoF/ EDC/ ZP DoF/ EDC 1. in lakhs) 0.83 LS 15.00 100.2 sets Septic Tank with Soak pit (6m x 1. Implmt.00 1.1 No.47 I&II I GS DoF/ EDC/ ZP 0. Agency Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 0. Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs. 1 2 Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs.00 15.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Sr. in lakhs) Inception Report Phase of Dvpt.4 sets Temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall .03 1.painted in dark green for Shauchalaya with 4 toilets each for men and women for Local Community at Pulna (8 m x 3 m) . No.44 I I DoF/ PWD DoF/ PWD DoF/ sqm 5. Agency Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ C.) at Pulna (only if the road gets developed till Pulna) Septic Tank and Soak pit for mule shed at Pulna (4mx2m) .1 No.40 CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 467 .painted in dark green Temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall .00 0.41 0.50 I BSNL 1 sqm 50.03 1.00 34.00 0.10 3 Signages Standardised Signage Welcome Board at Govind Ghat Standardised Signage Board at Govind Ghat Cable Suspension Bridge/Trek Start Point to indicate the path/map of trek Standardised Signage Board at Govind Ghat sqm sqm 6.29 2. at Pulna Construct temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall .47 sqm sqm 32.41 0.40 I 0. Buildings & Allied Construction Temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall .92 I DoH 5.58 2. 50 sqm) incl.10 Phase of Dvpt.painted in dark green for PCO Booths along with telephone registration to be provided .07 I DoF/ EDC 1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 mounted on a masonry platform that can be easily assembled & waste removed) to be used by EDC cleaning staff to dump the waste collected from trek path/sides & enroute establishments .painted in dark green for use as EDC Store/Disaster Relief Shelter at Pulna (100 sqm) New Satellite Telephone Exchange at Pulna in temporary sloped roof structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall . No.00 350. Implmt.painted in dark green for a Trauma Care Clinic building with 4 patient beds(approx.5 m) Temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof/wall . A.07 LS 5.88 I&II GS 0.00 1.32 1 PROPOSALS FOR DEVELOPMENT AT GOVIND GHAT Sr.00 1.76 0.painted in dark green with open sides for Mule Shed for 150 mules (350 sqm approx. 25 ha land (some of these can come up at Pandukeshwar as well if the road to Pulna via Pandukeshwar is built) a) Area of each resort with 150 beds capacity (150 x 10 sqm per bed) x 2 Hotel Resorts b) Kitchen/Store/Reception/Administrative spaces (125 sqm per Hotel Resort) x 2 Hotel sqm 0. 0. No.2 Hotel Resorts with total 300 bed capacity. 1 2 3 Cable Suspension Bridge/Trek Start Point to indicate Cluster Amenities/facilities available enroute trek path and their distances ( 1 board each for Cluster A.39 I I&II II ZP ZP / PVT ZP / PVT 4. 1 sqm 3000. and 1 request message with 12 text rows) b) Hindi (1 Board each for2 types of messages with 2 text rows.50 I 0.05 I DoF/ PWD 0.37 0. and 1 request message with 12 text rows) c) English (1 Board each for2 types of messages with 2 text rows.20 0. Implmt.20 0. B.00 195. and 1 request message with 12 text rows) Land & Site Development Attractive Turntable Solid Waste Bins (@15 m interval) Solid Waste Compression Equipment Large size waste collection pit of 4m x 1m x 1m size (dark green painted MS iron cage mounted on a masonry platform that can be easily assembled & waste removed) to be used by EDC cleaning staff to dump the waste collected from trek path/sides & enroute establishments .16 0.50 sqm 7.20 0.18 I I I DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC 0.50 LS LS No.2 No.35 C.50 I 0. 5000 10000 313 4.95 II PVT CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 468 .05 sqm 7. Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs.65 0.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Sr.94 38.16 0. in lakhs) Inception Report Phase of Dvpt. Acquisition of Land (assuming 50% of parking space on private land) Additional Parking Space . Masonry barriers along the parking space (1.18 4 5 6 sqm sqm No. Each hotel will be on approx.94 9.58 1.2 sets of 5000 sqm each. C and 1 board for Mule Shed & Medical Facilities Standard Signage Board at river Alaknanda cable Suspension bridge at Govind Ghat to indicate the name of river Standard Eco-Awareness Message Signage displayed at Govind Ghat Gurdwara premises a) Punjabi (1 Board each for2 types of messages with 2 text rows. Agency PWD Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 4 5 B.50 sqm 7.15 II PVT sqm 250.72 0.37 0.5m long x 0.3m wide at spacing of 4" for drainage openings) Buildings & Allied Construction Development of low-rise (2-storey high) .50 I DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC 0. 20 1 2 0.9m deepx 0.00 7. palki carriers and which can also be used by EDC cleaning staff .00 487. No.24 II I DoF/ EDC DoF/ EDC / ZP 5.painted in dark green for Tourism Information Centre/Nature Interpretation Centre structure at FRH Complex Construct another 4-seat Public Toilet made of temporary sloped roof structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall .86 I DoF/ EDC 1.75 m) Septic Tank with soak pit (4.) incl. some sqm sqm sqm sqm sqm 487.50 750. porters.painted in dark green for a Veterinary Clinic (50 sqm approx.55 sqm 12.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Sr.painted in dark green for a Cheap Dormitory accommodation (200 persons) for mule operators.87 8 sqm 150.00 2.73 I DoF/ EDC / ZP 2.8 sets Construction of temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall . 750 sqm area Septic Tank and Soak Pits for mule sheds at Govind Ghat (4 m x 2 m) .38 0.400 sqm area with twin bunk bed system/furniture but excluding toilets Temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall . 4 bath rooms) .4 sets Septic tank with soak pit .50 175.approx.04 14.50 30.52 0.14 5.73 9 10 sqm sqm 45. Implmt.43 1.55 Inception Report Phase of Dvpt.82 11 sqm 50. Agency Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 2 3 4 5 Resorts c) Extra coverage for Corridors/covered pathways d) Extra coverage for open CC 1:2:4internal pathways e) Landscaping f) Open space development for utilities like septic tank & soak pit Construction of temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall .87 I I DoF/ EDC / ZP DoF/ EDC / ZP 2.00 100.30 1.00 1.6 m x 2.00 400. Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs.50 0.00 0.painted in dark green for Community Pay & Use Toilet Complex for these labourers (4 seat. in lakhs) 15.65 0.approx. 100 sqm area) Construct a temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall .painted in dark green for an additional Cloak room to be developed for the tourists who do not wish to carry their entire luggage for the trekking up (approx.82 I I DoF/ EDC / ZP DoF/ EDC 1.painted in dark green before the start of trek to Ghangharia settlement (4.43 1.00 2.00 II II II II I PVT PVT PVT PVT DoF/ DoT 0.00 650.23 II DoF/ EDC sqm sqm 4.5 sets (9 sqm each) Temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall .5 sqm) Construction of temporary slope roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof/wall painted in dark green with open sides for Mule Sheds at Govind Ghat (300 mules at a time) .86 CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 469 . 2 urinals.24 6 7 sqm sqm 64.04 14.00 1. No. Development Components Unit Quantity Cost (Rs. Agency Funding (Pha lakh MoT Publ 12 D.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Sr. 1 2 equipments/ furniture Additional temporary sloped roofed structure of corrugated GI sheet roof & wall . for Nature Interpretation Centre at FRH Complex Wireless service between the Gurdwara at Govind Ghat. Plot N0-144/145 Ist floor. New Delhi . INDIA Tel : 91-11-3553270. Equipments Projection Equipments/Furniture etc.00 Inception Report Phase of Dvpt.com 2. 3.50 I 310.com Adventure Garhwal E-15 Shop No-2. in lakhs) 6.com Website : www. Sector-8.4 Nos. Rohini. New Delhi.travel-himalayas.77 51. 3612536. Vijay Nagar.painted in dark green for PCO Booths along with telephone registration to be provided . Adventure Activity Promoters A-37.50 LS 2. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 470 . D. Gupta Road. 3623760 Fax : 91-11-3553268 Email : info@travel-himalayas. Adventure & Cultural Travel Company 3/6.12 3 ANNEXURE . B.110055.D An Indicative List of Individuals/Organisations/Websites that can provide Information/run Tour Packages for Valley of Flowers-Hemkunt Sahib is enumerated below: 1. Ghangharia and that at Hemkunt for emergency connectivity with 3 handsets at each Gurdwara and 3 handsets with Sevadars deployed along the trek path (2 between Govind Ghat to Ghangharia & 1 between Ghangharia to Hemkunt) TOTAL LS 4 II BSNL 3 LS 2. Implmt. INDIA Tel : 91-11-4310927.50 I&II DoF/ EDC HST 2. 7128114 E-mail: aapindia@hotmail. INDIA Tel : 91-11-51522222 ( 10 lines) Tel : 91-9810459453. 25590703 Tel : 91-9811072916 (Mobile) Tel/Fax : 91-11-25611456 E-mail : club@bol. 2nd Floor New Delhi . Ltd. Centre.com All India Tour Travel Global E Travel Solutions (P) Ltd.25708542 E-mail : [email protected] Dist.11 . (Earlier known as Centrum Travels) M-15.com & aitindia@icenet. Rajkamal-B Complex.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report New Delhi-110007.com 8. Ahmedabad. 27947265.com 409. Website : www.11 – 27948870.110016 . 25590701.all-india-tour-travel.vacationlink.htmlplanet. Near Sakar-III Building. Nanda Devi National Park. 7.net. INDIA Tel : 91-79-7582603 Tel : 91–9824053129 (Mobile . INDIA Website: www.) E-Mail : [email protected] Website : www. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 471 .24 hrs support) E-mail : [email protected]. Income Tax. V-12 Green Park Extension. 27297686 Fax : 91 .com 5. Gujarat – 380014.com C’More Travel and Tours Pvt.in Website : www.com Website : www. INDIA Tel : 91 .com 4. 9810036506 (Mobile Nos. CLUB TRAVELS 411. Divisional Forest Officer. 4th floor. Jaina Tower.com 6. INDIA Tel : 91-11-25611456.indiatravelclub.all-indiatravel. All-IndiaTravel. Greater Kailash-II New Delhi – 110048. Janakpuri New Delhi-110058. Tel : 91-20-5520501. Opp.com Website : www. 98225508966. 26873322 Tel : 91-9810515325 (Mobile) Fax : 91-11-26874283 E-Mail : indovision@vsnl. Garhwal Himalayan Explorations Pvt.com 11. Union Bank of India.foliageoutdoors. INDIA Tel/Fax : 91-1389-222179 9. Pride.249 201.Chamoli.119.com Shivam. 2438728. Ltd. New Delhi-110021 INDIA Tel : 91-11-2 6113920. Uttaranchal.ecomantra. INDIA Tel : 91-135-2433478. INDIA Email : info@ecomantra. 5A.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Joshimath. 26874411.com 10. 9822329738. Kailash Gate. DDA Commercial Plaza.com Website : www. 2433155 CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 472 . Pune Maharshtra.) Fax : 91-20-4000454 E-mail : foliage@vsnl. Moti Bagh-2. Hotel Shivajinagar. 9422319101 Nos. Rishikesh . Nanak Pura.com & [email protected] 059. Gharpure Lane Opp. Andheri East. Uttaranchal. . Foliage Outdoors 1161/6. Sakinaka. 1. Maharashtra . EHOLIDAYSINDIA A Division of Indovision Tours Pvt. ltd. Mittal Industrial Estate. Tel : 91-9422306460. Ecomantra Nature Awareness and Travel Gala No. Muni Ki Reti. Dist. Mumbai . Colony. 411005 INDIA 5512725 (Mobile 12.com Website: www.net & [email protected]. rishikesh.garhwalhimalayas. New Delhi-110070. Defence Colony. Dehra Dun.com Great Indian Outdoors 6086.html 15.com & www. Uttaranchal.) Fax : 91-135-2431654 E-mail : himalayas@vsnl. Astley Hall. Dehra Dun – 248001. INDIA Tel : 91-135-651586 Email : [email protected] Website: www.) Tel : 91-9837055578.greatindianoutdoors. 2442267 (After Office Hrs.com 16.in Website: www.com 14. Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam Ltd. 2747898 Fax : 91-135-2746847 E-mail : [email protected] Website : www.com & himalayas@sancharnet. Uttaranchal.indiavacationpackages. Vasant Kunj. Global Airnet Services Private A 285.) Fax : 91-11-24333781 Website : www. B-8.goindiago. INDIA Tel : 91-11-26891626 (Voice) Fax : 91-11-26891626 E-mail : [email protected] Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Tel : 91-135-2431167.com & http://ua. 24333785.nic.com (Sole Property of Webline Services) Orient Shopping Complex. 9837355578. (GMVN) 74/1.vsnl. Rajpur Road. 9811405199 (Mobile Nos. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 473 .in/uttaranchaltourism/index.org Inception Report 13.com Website : www. GarhwalHimalayas. IInd New Delhi – 110024.gmvnl. INDIA Tel : 91-135-2746817. Tel : 91-11-24333783.thegarhwalhimalayas. goIndiago. 24333784. 2749308. Tel : 91-9810713866.com Limited Floor INDIA 24333786 17.com Website : www. 9897055578 (Mobile Nos. 22. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 474 .Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report 18.indmount.com Indianvisit. INDIA Tel : 91-11-51510459/60. INDIA 24.com A Subsidiary of Indian Holiday Pvt. Indian Mountaineering Foundation New Delhi Website : www.org /Anil Bhardwaj 19. New Delhi 110 001.Surya Kiran Bldg. 19.greatindianoutdoors.incedible-india.incredibleindiatours.com Website: www. Mr Paras Gupta 412 . 70.com (A Cherie Voyages & UserEase Software Venture) Website: www. Thane – 406601 (Near Mumbai) Maharashtra.com Pvt. IndiaHills Website : www. 25. 20.G.Marg. Trade New Delhi Ground – 110001.indiantravelportal. K.ideas2travel. Crystal Garden Estate Gladys Alwares Road. / TravelAgentforIndia. Floor. 23351222/23 Fax : 91-11-23351164 E-mail: info@incredibleindiatours. World Barakhamba Lower Lane. Centre. 21.com 23. Ltd. Great Indian Outdoors 10/802.org Website : www.com Ideas2Travel.org IndianTravelPortal Website : www.com Incredible India Website : www. Off Pokhran Road No.net Incredible India Tours & Travel C/o.indyahills. Ltd. 2. INDIA Tel : 91-22-5599 9873 (Voice) E-mail : mumbai@greatindianoutdoors. 169C. 23714646.com 29. Maharani Bagh. Southern Avenue.V.4125897.com E-mail : trafford@vsnl. India Outdoors.. : 91-9811143684 (Mobile . 4164785.com.com & [email protected]. INDIA Tel : 91-11-26326360. 46 D-60329 Frankfurt. www.biz 27. Dadar T. IndiaTourism Frankfurt / Main Basler Str. Associates Pvt. T. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 475 .com India-Tours. 26847684 E-mail : [email protected]. 12.com Website : www. New Delhi-110 065.com Website : www.com.indiaoutdoors. Ltd.india-tours.travelagentforindia.ivsource.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Tel Tel : 91-11-23714747. INDIA Tel : 91-22.4166944 E-mail : [email protected]. 23312784.biz Website : www. Dr Ambedkar road. GERMANY Tel : 49 (69) 242949-0 Fax : 49 (69) 242949-77 Website: www.com I.24 hrs support) 23318383 (Tours) Fax : 91-11-23413121 E-mail : indianvisit@vsnl. 4186360 Fax : 91-22.com Website : www. Mumbai Maharashtra. 28. www.com 26. Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report 30.com Website 33.110 048. JALTOURS C/o. GERMANY Tel : 041-21-103150 (Monday-Thursday) Tel : 043-21-529221 (Friday) Fax : 041-21-103149 Website: www. Mr. Uttaranchal. Vikram Vihar Ext. 3746485 Tel : 91-9810008008 (Mobile) Fax : 91-11.com JourneyMart. 25335 Elmshorn. Mr. UG-51. 3362300. Anil & Erika Chugh Albert-Hirsch-Strasse 2d.rendezvousindia. Tel : 91-11. 26434057 Fax : 91-11-26434058 Website: www. INDIA Tel : 91-94120 47492 (Mobile) 34.3734715 E-Mail: tours@touroperatorsindia. INDIA. Justin Clarke 7. Ladpur. 32. Ltd.com M-69 Market.touroperatorsindia. Palika Place Panchkuian Road New Delhi-110001. New Delhi .110 024.com Mr. 2nd Floor M Block Market.com 31. Indresh Nautiyal Tapovan Road (Near Doordarshan Kendra). Raipur. INDIA CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 476 . New Delhi . Lajpat Nagar 1V. Amrit Mann (Director) Mann Tours India Pvt. Greater Kailash Part 1.journeymart. : www..3733545. Deharadun. INDIA Tel : 91-11-26434056. Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Tel : 91-11-26532323.com Website : www.in Website : www. Moscow 125047. ss-kushwaha@yandex. Rajen Singla. Vikas Dhawan 15A/38. & ssk@goa-india. INDIA Tel : 91-11-25611456.1.net. JSC RusIndTravel Butysky Val 2. Centre Janakpuri New Delhi – 110058. 26215158 Fax : 91-11-26965023 E-mail : rendezvous@vsnl. 26226769.com Mr. 39. Jaina Tower . 38. 25729237. Manoj Thapiyal Adventure India Tours. 25590703 Tel : 91-9811072916 (Mobile .24 hours support) Fax : 91-11-25611456 E-Mail: [email protected] Mr.incredibleindiatours. Kushwaha. INDIA Tel : 91-135-2672450 Tel : 91-98370 90305 (Mobile) E-mail : adventureindiatours@yahoo. W.org Mr.ru. Mr. Mangesh Nadkarni The Hingora Trekking Club Tel : 91-9821213644 (Mobile) Mr.8822 / 44 Fax : 7 (095) .995 . 37. Dist. Managing Director TRAVEL AGENT IN INDIA 103. First Floor. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 477 .A Karol Bagh New Delhi-110005.ru. INDIA Tel : 91-11-55461699.5455 E-mail : ssk@indiatravel. Dehra Dun. S. 25789237 Tel : 91-9811857779 (Mobile) 36.com 35. Sarasawati Marg.E.rendezvousindia. RUSSIA Tel : 7 (095) 995 .ru Website : www.travel-agents-in-india. S. Uttaranchal. 25590701. ) 31. New Delhi – 110048. GERMANY Tel : 49 (089)-53 6060.kumaonindia.org Website : www. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 478 . Part-II.mb. Ltd.com & info@themetoursindia. Ltd. INDIA Tel : 91-22-25333297 E-mail : yogie_k@hotmail. Lindwurmstr 80337.vsnl.com.org Path Finder Travels Pvt.themetoursindia. Sigrid Kalpin Russland-Asien-Reisen (Comec G.com 40. K.indiatravelplan.net.etourismindia.com Ms. 42. 29210518.himalaya-holidays. 53-09 101/2/3 Fax : 49 (089)-53 6923 E-mail : [email protected] Website : www. 2nd Floor. DAV Complex DDA Shopping Center (Opp. Yogendra Kainthola ThemeToursIndia. Gupta T 305 . 32537724 Tel : 91-9810145533 (Mobile) Telefax : 91-11-29210208 E-mail : [email protected] Peak Adventure Tours Pvt. Maharashtra. Mr B. Bharati Mehra (Director) S-325. INDIA Tel : 91-11-22711292. New Delhi – 110091. 29214782.incredibleindiatours.de & [email protected] & www. Mumbai. Munich. C/o. Samachar Apartments). Greater Kailash.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Tel/Fax: 91-11-25789237 E-mail : [email protected] Website : www. Mayur Vihar Phase I.net Website : www.com & [email protected]. INDIA Tel : 91-11-29219325. 22713483 Tel : 91-9810155796 (Mobile) 41. Mr.com & www. 43. INDIA Tel : 91-11-25811201. Moti Bagh New Delhi-110021. INDIA Tel : 91-11-26113912.com & www. 25741601. British Columbia. 25/8. Old Rajinder Nagar.com Renaissance Reizen (India) Pvt.L.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Fax : 91-11-22711292 E-mail : [email protected] 45. K.com CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 479 .net.net.Soni / Ms.com 44.india-tourspackages.com 47.vsnl. Services International Ltd.in & [email protected] Website : www.peakadevnturetours.com Website : www.india-travel. Peak Adventure Tours and Service International Langley. 3rd Floor.rrindia. C/o.Guru House. V1M 2W3. 25765546 Fax : 91-11-25765547 E-mail : info@rrindia. CANADA Tel : (604) 888 0634 E-mail : [email protected]. New Tel Delhi-110060 : 91-11-25782636/42/44. 25819688. 25817202.com Website : www. 26883491. 46. 17/9 (1st Floor).110 060.peakadevnturetours.vsnl. Ltd. 25751550/51 (India) Fax : 91-11-25749797.com & www. New Delhi . Leena Rawat 18. Royalee (India) Tours & Travels Pvt.ca Website : www. 25753656 E-mail : [email protected] Website : www. Satya Niketan. 26873208 Fax : 91-11-24670922 E-mail : royaleindia@hotmail. Mr. Old Rajinder Nagar.royaleeindiavisa. 26883486. C/o. TheIndiaTravel.com Website : www. Ltd. Uttaranchal.com 50.com 52.travelingtoindia. & info@travelindiaonline. Haridwar . Travel Inn India Pvt. Tel : 91-9810352536 (Mobile) E-mail : info@tourmyindia. 204. Pocket-IV.himalayanclub. Skylark Adventure Tours & Holiday Resorts Opp.trekkinginindia. 3a Navyug Mansion. Adhunik Chambers. Vihar-I.400 007 Maharshtra. State Bank Of India.com E-mail : experts@theindiatravel. Muni & Co.249401. R.com.com & www. Mayur Delhi Tel : 91-11-22717787 110 091.com TourMyIndia. Sharwan Nath Nagar.com Website : www.com. Next to Grant Road Station (W) Mumbai . INDIA Tel : 91-1334-221582.tourmyindia. 13/29 East Patel Nagar CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 480 .uttranchalpradesh.com 53. INDIA 51. INDIA Tel : 91-22-2386 3192 E-mail : [email protected] & [email protected] Website : www.com /TREKKING IN INDIA 86-C. 266026 Fax : 91-1334-220943 E-Mail : [email protected] Website : www. TravellingtoIndia. [email protected] Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report 48.com Website : www.com THE HIMALAYAN CLUB 49.theindiatravel. 25732561 Fax : 91-11. Vilas Joshi 29.110 008. uafdc@yahoo. Website : www.com Website : www. Nehru Road. CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 481 . 73. Uttaranchal. Dehra Dun – 248001. Pune – 38. Vertex Expeditions 426/16 Civil Lines. 57. 5380535 E-mail: vilasj2003@yahoo. INDIA Tel : 91-135-657610 Fax : 91-135-655059 E-mail : [email protected] Uttaranchal Forest Development Corporation (UAFDC) Aranya Vikas Bhawan. Dehra Dun.25725770. 25780612.nic.122001.com.in/uttaranchaltourism/index.html 58. Patel Nagar. Mr.uafdc.25752563 E-mail : info@allindiatourism. INDIA Tel : 91-11.in 56.com. Suvarnabad Colony.org Uttaranchal Tourism Development Board (UTDB) (Government of Uttaranchal) 3/3 Industrial Area. United Touring 125.in & http://ua. INDIA Tel: 91-20-5463731.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report New Delhi . Saharanpur Road. Fax : Website : www.com 54.com Website : www. Uttaranchal. Gurgaon . Vasant New Delhi Tel : 91-11-26149096. Shubhankaroti Apartments. INDIA Tel : 91-135-2721289 Fax : 91-135-2624147 E-mail : nareshnp@sancharnet. Universal Trekkers C/o. Company Apartment India 26154083 91-11-26154128 110057.com 55.north-india-travel-tour.uttaranchaltourism.allindiatourism.com. uafdc@rediffmail. niranjanmulay@yahoo. 25740263. INDIA Tel : 91-124-2335107 Tel : 91-9810411258 (Mobile) E-mail : [email protected] CONSULTANCY SERVICES A Division of Tata Sons Limited 482 .visit-himalyaya. Website: www.com 59.com/uttaranchal_tourism/chamoli.Tourism Master Plan : Pithoragarh-Munsyari Circuit Inception Report Haryana.euttaranchal.com Website : www.