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Test BankFor Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth 7th Edition Oscar Solis Virginia Tech Arthur J. Keown Virginia Tech Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Vice President, Product Management: Donna Battista Acquisitions Editor: Kate Fernandes Program Manager: Kathryn Dinovo Team Lead, Project Management: Jeff Holcomb Project Manager: Meredith Gertz Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. For information regarding permissions, request forms, and the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights and Permissions department, please visit www.pearsoned.com/permissions/. PEARSON, ALWAYS LEARNING, and MYFINANCELAB™ are exclusive trademarks, in the U.S. and/or other countries, of Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. Unless otherwise indicated herein, any third-party trademarks that may appear in this work are the property of their respective owners, and any references to third-party trademarks, logos, or other trade dress are for demonstrative or descriptive purposes only. Such references are not intended to imply any sponsorship, endorsement, authorization, or promotion of Pearson’s products by the owners of such marks, or any relationship between the owner and Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates, authors, licensees, or distributors. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-386668-1 ISBN-10: 0-13-386668-8 Contents Chapter 1 The Financial Planning Process ......................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 Measuring Your Financial Health and Making a Plan ................................................. 23 Chapter 3 Understanding and Appreciating the Time Value of Money ...................................... 50 Chapter 4 Tax Planning and Strategies ............................................................................................. 74 Chapter 5 Cash or Liquid Asset Management ............................................................................... 103 Chapter 6 Using Credit Cards: The Role of Open Credit ............................................................. 127 Chapter 7 Student and Consumer Loans: The Role of Planned Borrowing .............................. 161 Chapter 8 The Home and Automobile Decision ........................................................................... 188 Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance .............................................................................................. 227 Chapter 10 Property and Liability Insurance ................................................................................... 273 Chapter 11 Investment Basics ............................................................................................................ 305 Chapter 12 Investing in Stocks ........................................................................................................... 368 Chapter 13 Investing in Bonds and Other Alternatives ................................................................. 404 Chapter 14 Mutual Funds: An Easy Way to Diversify ................................................................... 432 Chapter 15 Retirement Planning........................................................................................................ 460 Chapter 16 Estate Planning: Saving Your Heirs Money and Headaches ..................................... 491 Chapter 17 Financial Life Events—Fitting the Pieces Together..................................................... 514 Chapter 1 The Financial Planning Process 1.1 Facing Financial Challenges 1) Once a sound financial plan is in place, there should be no need to ever change it. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: The Financial Planning Process AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) One purpose of financial planning is to help you legally reduce the amount of taxes you have to pay on your earnings. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) When comparing two different investment opportunities the investor should always choose the investment that minimizes the total amount of taxes paid. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Minimization of Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) Annual public school tuition and fees are three times more expensive than private school tuition and fees. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Challenges AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) Being financially secure involves balancing what you earn with A) your investments. B) what you spend. C) your retirement plans. D) your current level of debt. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) Financial planning might not help you earn more, but it can help you use the money you do earn to achieve your A) lifeʹs purpose. B) dreams. C) financial goals. D) desired lifestyle. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Goals AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 7) Which statement is true about managing personal finances? A) The ability to manage finances is a skill with which you are born. B) Personal finance courses are commonly offered in high school. C) Financial difficulties can be a major cause of marital problems. D) Personal financial management is not a skill worth learning. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Finance Company AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8) In order for your financial plan to be realistic and attainable it needs to be based upon your A) budget. B) income level. C) number of tax deductions, exemption, exclusions, and credits. D) balance sheet. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) Personal financial planning can help you to A) deal with unplanned health issues. B) minimize your tax payments to Uncle Sam. C) minimize your chances of personal bankruptcy. D) have enough money for a comfortable retirement. E) all of the above. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) What elements are found in an effective financial plan? A) Flexibility to allow for changes in your situation B) Sufficient liquidity to meet unexpected needs C) Insurance protection from catastrophic events D) Helps you legally reduce the amount of taxes you owe E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 1 The Financial Planning Process 3 11) This course/text will assist you in accomplishing six financial objectives. What are they? Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Manage the unplanned. Accumulate wealth for special expenses. Realistically save for retirement. Cover your assets. Invest intelligently. Minimize your payments to Uncle Sam. Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) How will a financial plan help you save for retirement? Answer: A strong financial plan will help you forecast the costs of retirement and develop a plan that will allow you to live a comfortable life after you retire. Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking 1.2 The Personal Financial Planning Process 1) Today, most Americans over the age of 65 have adequate savings and income available to them during retirement. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Planning Life Cycle AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) The amount of current income that you earn today isnʹt relevant to setting your long term goals for the future. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking 3) A financial plan is only concerned with your future earnings and expenses. An examination of your current financial situation is not so important. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: The Financial Planning Process AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) While each personʹs financial plan is different, some common factors guide all sound financial plans: flexibility, liquidity, protection, and minimization of taxes. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: The Financial Planning Process AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 4 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 5) Financial planning is an ongoing process. As your financial situation and position in life change, the plan changes. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: The Financial Planning Process AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) Which of the following is one of the five basic steps in personal financial planning? A) Evaluate your personal health. B) Define your career goals. C) Develop a plan of action. D) Let an accountant review your plan. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: The Financial Planning Process AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) Which basic step to personal financial planning should be considered when examining your current financial situation? A) Step 1 B) Step 2 C) Step 3 D) Step 4 Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: The Financial Planning Process AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8) Which basic step to personal financial planning should be considered when establishing your personal financial goals? A) Step 1 B) Step 2 C) Step 3 D) Step 4 Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: The Financial Planning Process AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) The personal financial planning process consists of ________ steps. A) three B) five C) seven D) ten Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: The Financial Planning Process AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) While each personʹs financial plan is different, some common factors guide all sound financial plans. Which of the following is one of the common factors? A) Sustainability B) Illiquidity C) Protection D) Maximization of taxes Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: The Financial Planning Process AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 1 The Financial Planning Process 5 11) Evaluating your financial health consists of A) preparing a personal balance sheet. B) determining what you are worth. C) preparing a personal income statement. D) determining where your money comes from and where it goes. E) all of the above. Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic: The Financial Planning Process AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) You need to review your progress and reevaluate and revise your plan (Step 5) because A) your financial needs change over the course of your life. B) your employment situation changes over time. C) your net worth changes over time. D) your family situation might change over time. E) all of the above are good reasons to periodically review your financial plan. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: The Financial Planning Process AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) Suppose that you just completed your first year of college with $12,000 in loans and plan to borrow the maximum each year from now until graduation. You have never accounted for the way you spend your money, do not have a budget, and want to insure that you will be able to repay your loans after college. What is the most important thing you can do right now? A) Talk to your parents about an allowance. B) Visit your career counselor at school. C) Ask a friend who took the Personal Finance course for advice. D) Immediately begin to develop a personal financial plan. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking 14) Suppose you have just retired, have accumulated many luxury goods over the years, still owe a mortgage on your home, still have unpaid travel expenses on your credit cards, and have helped your adult children financially. Your spouse has recently passed away, and you miss his/her contribution to the household income. Which step in the personal financial planning process have you neglected? A) Develop your financial health. B) Define your financial goals. C) Develop a plan of action. D) Implement your plan. E) Review your progress, reevaluate, and revise your plan. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 6 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 15) While reviewing your current financial plan, you discover that you most likely wonʹt achieve your long term financial goals. What should you do now? A) Look at increasing your income. B) Look at cutting back on your expenses. C) Look at revising your goals. D) All of these would be realistic things to do. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: The Financial Planning Process AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) Step 3 of the personal financial planning process is ʺDevelop a Plan of Action.ʺ According to your text, which of the following is not one of the ʺcommon concernsʺ that should guide all financial plans? A) Flexibility B) Long-term profitability C) Liquidity D) Protection E) Minimization of taxes Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: The Financial Planning Process AACSB: Analytical Thinking 17) The term that considers having money readily available when you need it is the concept of A) flexibility. B) liquidity. C) equity. D) solvency. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 18) Describe the five steps in the personal financial planning process. Answer: Step 1: Evaluate your financial health by examining your current financial situation. Look at your whole financial picture. Keep records and determine your net worth. Step 2: Define your financial goals by describing what, when, and how much you want to do. Written goals will draw you to them. Step 3: Develop a plan of action to reach your goals. Donʹt just think about goals decide how you will carry them out! Let flexibility, liquidity, protection, and minimization of taxes guide your plan. Step 4: Implement your plan by carrying it out just do it! Stick to your plan. Step 5: Review your progress, reevaluate, and revise your plan periodically and as needed. Diff: 2 Topic: The Financial Planning Process AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 1 The Financial Planning Process 7 19) Why do individuals need to plan for their finances? Answer: Without financial planning individuals will suffer and be at a loss both in the present time and in the future. Too many people reach retirement broke and in poor health. Their financial means are so limited they live out a meager existence and become a burden upon family and society. Life is meant to be enjoyed and only by planning can we do that. Because it is always easier to spend than save, financial planning is a must! Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 20) Elaborate upon the four common concerns that should guide all financial plans. Answer: Your financial plan should be flexible enough to respond to changes in your life and unexpected events. Planning must allow some funds to be liquid to allow access to money when you need it quickly. Plan for protecting your assets and yourself with adequate insurance. Finally, your financial plan should take taxes into account to pay as little as legally possible. Diff: 3 Topic: The Financial Planning Process AACSB: Reflective Thinking 21) What elements are included in a solid financial plan? Answer: A solid personal financial plan includes an informed and controlled budget, outlines your investment strategy, and reflects your unique personal and financial goals. Diff: 2 Topic: The Financial Planning Process AACSB: Reflective Thinking 22) Why do you need to have liquidity? Answer: Liquidity allows you to access your money with ease, when you need it. Life happens; at any moment, you could develop an illness, lose a job, or wreck your car. When unforeseen circumstances occur, you need to have access to enough money to make it through. Diff: 2 Topic: Liquidity AACSB: Reflective Thinking 1.3 Establishing Your Financial Goals 1) Proper financial planning can help you use your current income to achieve your long term financial goals Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) A short-term goal might take from one to 10 years to accomplish. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Goals AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 8 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 3) In the typical consumerʹs financial life cycle, one difference between stage 2 and stage 3 is that in stage 3 you will earn more than you spend, whereas in stage 2 you will spend more than you earn. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning Life Cycle AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) Estate-planning tools such as wills, living wills, health proxies, powers of attorney, and record-keeping should all be in place to help protect you, your assets, and your heirs. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Estate Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) The major reason to make a financial plan is to A) account for your spending. B) see where you are overspending or underspending. C) achieve your financial goals. D) allow for a surplus. E) serve as a tax planning guide. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Goals AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) What is the significance of the financial life cycle? A) To help you to compare your situation with other peopleʹs situation B) To better understand how your financial needs will most likely change over time C) To allow you to be more proactive in dealing with expected changes in the future and take steps today to prepare for them D) To help you realize that your original plan is sufficient and doesnʹt need to change E) Both B and C are significant aspects of the financial life cycle. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Planning Life Cycle AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) Which of the following typically occur(s) during stage 1 of the financial life cycle? A) Initial goal setting B) Insurance planning C) Saving for goals D) Home purchase E) All the above Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning Life Cycle AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 1 The Financial Planning Process 9 8) Suppose that you are a 21-year-old college student. What stage of the financial life cycle are you currently in? A) Stage 1: wealth accumulation B) Stage 2: the golden years C) Stage 3: the retirement years D) Stage 4: the formative years E) Stage 5: the educational years Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning Life Cycle AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) After retirement starts, which aspect of financial planning becomes imperative? A) Maintaining a regular pattern of saving B) Long-term borrowing commitments C) Estate planning D) Effects of inflation Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning Life Cycle AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) What should you do with your goals on a frequent basis throughout your lifetime? A) Prioritize them B) Modify them C) Put them in writing D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Goals AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) An economic condition in which rising prices reduce the purchasing power of money is termed A) deflation. B) inflation. C) stagflation. D) cash erosion. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Inflation AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 12) When you are involved in ________ planning, you are planning for your eventual death and the distribution of your wealth to your heirs. A) prenatal B) beneficiary C) estate D) actuarial E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Estate Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 13) Based on the Life Cycle of Financial Planning, when would be a good time to review and possibly adjust an effective financial plan? A) A really effective financial plan doesnʹt need to be adjusted. B) When you get married C) When you have children D) When the stock market goes up E) Both B and C are correct answers. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking 14) On his goals worksheet, James has written down his short-term goals for the next year. He has prioritized his goals and determined a feasible due date by which he wants to achieve his goals. According to the textbook, the final step James needs to complete in the goals process is to A) determine an appropriate cost for each of his listed goals. B) post his goals worksheet on his refrigerator so that he can see it every day. C) contact his financial advisor for approval of his goals. D) email himself a copy of the goals worksheet in case he loses the paper copy. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Goals AACSB: Reflective Thinking 15) Which stage in the Financial Life Cycle is the longest in terms of years? A) Stage 1: wealth accumulation B) Stage 2: the golden years C) Stage 3: the retirement years D) Stage 4: the formative years Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Planning Life Cycle AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) According to the Keown book, you might begin to think about estate planning during this stage of the financial life cycle. A) Stage 1: wealth accumulation B) Stage 2: the golden years C) Stage 3: the retirement years D) Stage 4: the formative years Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Estate Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 17) Suppose that you are a 60-year-old business owner. What stage of the financial life cycle are you currently in? A) Stage 1: wealth accumulation B) Stage 2: the golden years C) Stage 3: the retirement years D) Stage 4: the formative years Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning Life Cycle AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 1 The Financial Planning Process 11 18) During which stage of the financial life cycle do many people make their biggest investment, the purchase of a home? A) Stage 1: wealth accumulation B) Stage 2: the golden years C) Stage 3: the retirement years D) Stage 4: the formative years Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 19) What is one difference between stage 2 in the Financial Life Cycle and stage 3 in the Financial Life Cycle? Answer: During stage 2, you will earn more than you spend; whereas during stage 3 you will spend more than you earn. Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning Life Cycle AACSB: Reflective Thinking 20) Explain the essence and importance of each of the stages in the financial life cycle. Answer: The overall financial life cycle allows you to better understand the timing and areas of financial concern that youʹll probably experience. It allows you to focus on those concerns earlier and to plan ahead to avoid future financial problems. Stage 1 is a time of wealth accumulation, initial goal setting, home purchase, family formation, insurance planning, saving for goals, and some tax and estate planning. Itʹs a time to develop a regular pattern of saving because itʹs tempting to spend rather than save. Consumers are ages 18 through 54 in this stage. Stage 2 covers ages 55 to 64 or the golden years approaching retirement. This is a transition from the earning years when you will earn more than you spend. Much of the financial activities will be spent in fine tuning. Consumers put an emphasis on tax and estate planning, paying ourselves first, and insurance planning. Stage 3 consists of the retirement years, for most people age 65 and older. Consumers reap the benefits of sound planning or the losses from unsound planning. You will attempt to ensure continued financial security and perhaps work part-time. Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning Life Cycle AACSB: Reflective Thinking 21) Differentiate between short-term, intermediate, and long-term goals. Give examples. Answer: Short-term goals can be accomplished within one year, such as taking a vacation. Intermediate goals take between one and ten years to reach, such as saving for a college education or the down payment on a house. Long-term goals take more than ten years to accomplish. Retirement planning is a common long-term goal. Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Goals AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 12 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 22) Why should you prioritize your financial goals? Answer: Prioritizing goals might make you realize that some of your goals are simply unrealistic, leading you to reevaluate them. However, once your final goals are in place, they become the cornerstone of your personal financial plan, serving as a guide to action and a benchmark for assessing the effectiveness of the plan. Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Challenges AACSB: Reflective Thinking 23) Give an example of a decision that might not be considered a financial decision but will have a major impact on your financial situation. Answer: The decision to have a child will have a major impact on your financial situation. Although finances arenʹt considered the primary factor determining when to have children, the timing certainly has enormous financial implications, causing significant changes in housing, child care, and education costs. Considering that childrearing can cost $9,683 to $22,210 per child per year, saving to finance that childʹs college education might pose as a real challenge. Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Challenges AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 1.4 Thinking About Your Career 1) A well-educated and trained employee is virtually guaranteed job security by todayʹs employers. Therefore, he or she doesnʹt need to worry about keeping his or her skills current. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Career Choices AACSB: Reflective Thinking 2) The most important aspect of choosing a career is the amount of income that career will generate over your lifetime. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Career Choices AACSB: Reflective Thinking 3) Salaries vary for individuals working in similar jobs for different companies, but one thing is clear: the more specialized skills and training a job requires, the higher the job tends to pay. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Determinants of Income AACSB: Reflective Thinking 4) The first steps in career planning are conducting a self-assessment and developing an understanding of what sort of lifestyle you wish to lead. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Career Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 1 The Financial Planning Process 13 5) According to a resumedoctor.com recruiting survey, the most common mistake made by job interviewees is talking too much. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Career Choices AACSB: Reflective Thinking 6) What is the main factor in determining your potential income level? A) Education and skills that you have attained B) Who you know in your company administration C) Your age and years of employment D) The size of the company you work for Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Determinants of Income AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) Which of the following statements applies to obtaining an undergraduate college degree? A) They are expensive and rarely pay off in increased earnings. B) There is no relationship between personal wealth and earning a college degree. C) It may be the single best investment you will ever make. D) All of the above. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Determinants of Income AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8) Probably the most important determinant of your future earnings will be A) your highest level of education obtained. B) the size of the company where you will work. C) your seniority with your company. D) joining a labor union. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Determinants of Income AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 9) One of the most important factors to remember when hunting for your first job is to A) seize every opportunity. B) wait patiently. C) start early. D) procrastinate. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Career Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 14 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 10) ________ is the process of identifying a job that you feel is important and that will lead to the kind of lifestyle you desire. A) Financial planning B) Career planning C) Goal planning D) Retirement planning Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Career Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) According to a 2014 resumedoctor.com recruiting survey, the most common mistake made by job interviewees is A) shaking hands softly. B) talking too much. C) dressing inappropriately. D) arriving late to an interview. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Career Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) What is the relationship between earnings, education, and standard of living? Answer: There is a direct relationship between earnings and standard of living and education. The more education an individual has, the more he or she will earn in general and thus enjoy a higher standard of living. The opposite holds true also. The less education one has the lower the earnings and standard of living. Diff: 2 Topic: Determinants of Income AACSB: Reflective Thinking 13) Why is it important to conduct an effective self-assessment? Answer: Conducting an effective self-assessment allows you to look honestly at many aspects of your life. After completing the assessment, you will have a valuable understanding of your interests, skills, values, personal traits, and desired lifestyle. Then you can research career options and identify those in which your abilities are valued. Once youʹve narrowed down a list of possibilities, weigh the positive and negative aspects of each profession. Diff: 2 Topic: Career Planning AACSB: Application of Knowledge Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 1 The Financial Planning Process 15 14) List some way to increase your value as an employee. Answer: Do your best work. Project the right image–one aligned with the organizationʹs values. Gain an understanding of the organizationʹs power structure so that you can work within it. Gain visibility. Make those with power aware of your contributions. Request new assignments in order to gain experience and an understanding of the various operations of the organization. Be loyal to and supportive of your boss. Remember, he or she controls your immediate future. Continually acquire new skills–particularly skills that are not easy to duplicate. Develop a strong network of people who can assist you when you look for a new job. Pay attention to ethical considerations. The most damaging event that you can experience is for your coworkers to lose confidence in your ethical standards. Ethical violations end careers. Diff: 2 Topic: Career Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking 1.5 Lessons from the Recent Economic Downturn 1) The economic downturn that began in 2008 resulted in negative consequences, including A) a dramatic increase in unemployment rates. B) disrupted financial markets. C) difficulty for consumers to borrow money from lending institutions. D) all consumers increased their wealth. E) only A, B, and C are correct. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) The economic downturn that began in 2008 demonstrated that many Americans have sufficient emergency funds. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) It is important to take a close look at the 2008 economic downturn as a means to highlight how vulnerable Americanʹs finances are. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 16 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 4) According to a recent Rockefeller Foundation report, the financial issue Americans worry about the most is the ability to pay A) for medical expenses. B) for retirement expenses. C) debt expenses. D) home mortgage expenses. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) What did the economic downturn that began in 2008 reveal about many Americansʹ financial concerns? How can you alleviate those concerns in your own personal financial planning? Answer: Many Americans are not adequately prepared for retirement and have insufficient emergency funds, too much debt, and inadequate health insurance. These concerns can be alleviated with proper financial planning, maintaining a sufficient emergency fund, avoiding excessive debt, and carrying adequate health insurance. Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Reflective Thinking 1.6 Ten Principles of Personal Finance 1) Most individuals will reach their financial goals without planning or budgeting. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Principle 2: Nothing happens without a plan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) All else being equal, an increase in inflation will cause investors to require a higher rate of return on an asset. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Principle 8: Risk and return go hand in hand AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 3) Diversification allows you to reduce risk. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Principle 8: Risk and return go hand in hand AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 1 The Financial Planning Process 17 4) Which of the following is outlined in the text as reason(s) why many people do not have an adequate financial plan? A) For most people it is easier to spend than save. B) Procrastination can affect everyone. C) Many of us lack the proper knowledge. D) There is never enough time for organizing and planning. E) All of the above are common excuses for not planning. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking 5) The concept of diversification is illustrated by the old saying A) ʺSell eggs high and buy them low.ʺ B) ʺDonʹt put all your eggs in one basket.ʺ C) ʺKeep all your eggs in one basket.ʺ D) ʺSeveral baskets of eggs are better than one.ʺ Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Diversification AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) Chapter 1 discusses 10 principles that form the foundation of personal finance. The principle stating that a person can expect to earn additional return for increasing his or her investment risk is the ________ principle. A) ʺrisk and return go hand in handʺ B) ʺmind games, financial personality, and your moneyʺ C) ʺnothing happens without a planʺ D) ʺthe best protection is knowledgeʺ Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Principle 8: Risk and return go hand in hand AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 7) The concept that emphasizes that people should not put all their eggs in one basket is A) the time dimension of investing. B) the curse of competitive investment markets. C) diversification reduces risk. D) the farmers analogy. E) liquidity is first. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Principle 8: Risk and return go hand in hand AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 18 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 8) What piece of advice might you give to someone for whom the act of saving is an afterthought? A) Pay yourself first. B) Money isnʹt everything. C) Donʹt put all your eggs in one basket. D) None of the above. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Principle 10: Just do it AACSB: Reflective Thinking 9) Chapter 1 discusses 10 principles that form the foundation of personal finance. The principle that considers the value of compound interest is the ________ principle. A) all risk is not equal B) pay yourself first C) competitive inflation adjustment D) time value of money E) none of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Principle 3: The time-value-of-money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) Chapter 1 discusses 10 principles that form the foundation of personal finance. The principle that considers the importance of insurance is the ________ principle. A) agency problem beware the sales pitch B) all risk is not equal C) time value of money D) protect yourself against major catastrophes E) none of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Principle 7: Protect yourself against major catastrophes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) Many people who signed up for adjustable-rate mortgages during the sub-prime mortgage debacle were no longer able to afford their payments. Many of these people were misled by their lenders. Which financial principle from Chapter 1 most applies? A) The best protection is knowledge. B) Mind games, financial personality, and your money C) Stuff happens, or the importance of liquidity. D) The time value of money Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Principle 1: The best protection is knowledge AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 1 The Financial Planning Process 19 12) In Chapter 1, Principle 3 espouses the time value of money. Why is this principle so important to financial planning? A) The principle allows us to determine how much money we will need to achieve our future goals. B) The principle shows us how inflation impacts our money over time. C) The principle helps us determine our savings needs today, in order to meet our future retirement goals. D) The principle shows us how important time and interest rates are to the accumulation of wealth. E) All of the above. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Principle 3: The time-value-of-money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) Without recognizing ________ it is impossible to understand compound interest, which allows investments to grow over time. A) that taxes affect personal finance decisions B) the time value of money C) the importance of liquidity D) that risk and return go hand in hand Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Principle 3: The time-value-of-money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14) If liquid funds are not available, an unexpected need, such as a job loss or injury may force you to A) cash in a longer-term investment. B) borrow money fast. C) take on unexpected debt repayments. D) all of the above. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Principle 5: Stuff happens, or the importance of liquidity AACSB: Analytical Thinking 15) Maiko lost her job and she was forced to sell a rental property because she did not have other funds (liquid, emergency, etc) available to meet her financial obligations. What financial principle best applies to this situation? A) The time value of money B) Waste not, want notsmart spending matters. C) Mind games, financial personality, and your money D) Stuff happens, the importance of liquidity. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Principle 5: Stuff happens, or the importance of liquidity AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 20 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 16) What aspect of financial planning might you discuss with a friend who buys fancy coffee drinks twice a day, visits the mall at least once a week for recreational shopping, and prefers impulse buying to carefully researched purchasing? A) Just do it. B) Nothing happens without a plan. C) Mind games, financial personality, and your money D) Waste not, want notsmart spending matters. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Principle 6: Waste not, want not, smart spending matters AACSB: Reflective Thinking 17) Which of the following falls under the category of mind games, financial personality, and your money? A) The sunk cost effect B) Mental accounting C) Viewing your tax refund as ʺmad moneyʺ D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Principle 9: Mind games, your personality, and your money AACSB: Reflective Thinking 18) Leticia is twenty-two years old and she has all of her savings in a Certificate of Deposit (CD) at the bank that currently pays an annual 1.5 percent yield. The account is protected by the FDIC so it is virtually risk free. She hopes to use her savings for a down payment on a new house in ten years. Inflation in house prices in her area has averaged 4 percent per year. What financial principle does she need to pay better attention to? A) Nothing happens without a plan. B) Waste not, want not, smart spending matters. C) Risk and return go hand in hand. D) All of the above are correct. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Principle 8: Risk and return go hand in hand AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 19) Charlie is sixty-four years old and is looking forward to his retirement next year. He currently has all of his 401(k) retirement money invested in the stock market. What financial principle from Chapter 1 does he need to understand better? A) Nothing happens without a plan. B) Knowledge is the best protection. C) Stuff happens, the importance of liquidity. D) Risk and return go hand in hand. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Principle 8: Risk and return go hand in hand AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 1 The Financial Planning Process 21 20) In 2008, the Bear Stearns Company collapsed could not be saved and was sold to JP Morgan Chase for $10 per share, a price far below its pre-crisis 52-week high of $133.20 per share. Prior to the collapse, many of the companyʹs employees had all of their retirement money invested only in Bear Stearns common stock. This was a very risky financial strategy for just such a reason: What if the company dissolves? What financial principle from Chapter 1 did they need to understand better? A) Risk and return go hand in hand. B) Nothing happens without a plan. C) The time value of money D) Stuff happens, the importance of liquidity. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Principle 8: Risk and return go hand in hand AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 21) Matthew bought a used car last month for $2,400. He just found out he needs a new transmission that will cost $2,400 to install. He is asking you for advice as to what he should do. What financial principle would you use to base your advice on? A) Waste not, want not, smart spending matters. B) Mind games, financial personality, and your money C) Protect yourself from major catastrophes. D) None of the above would be correct. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Principle 9: Mind games, your personality, and your money AACSB: Reflective Thinking 22) Jessica is very proud of herself for having $5,000 in her savings account that pays 4 percent interest. She currently has a balance of $2,300 on her credit card account that charges 21 percent interest. Jessica thinks she is making a wise financial decision by keeping her money in her savings account instead of paying off her credit card balance. What financial principle from Chapter 1 would you use to give her good advice? A) Mind games, financial personality, and your money B) The time value of money C) Taxes affect personal financial decisions. D) Both A and C Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Principle 9: Mind games, your personality, and your money AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 23) Which of the following adheres to the financial principle ʺjust do it?ʺ A) The amount you can spend is whatʹs left after you put aside your savings. B) Pay yourself last. C) Itʹs much easier to save than to spend. D) All of the above Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Principle 10: Just do it AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 22 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 24) A solid understanding of personal finance will A) enable you to protect yourself from an incompetent investment advisor. B) allow you to take advantage of changes in the economy. C) give you the ability to make intelligent investments. D) help you understand the importance of planning for your financial future. E) all of the above. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Principle 1: The best protection is knowledge AACSB: Reflective Thinking 25) List the ten principles of personal finance. Answer: Principle 1: The best protection is knowledge. Principle 2: Nothing happens without a plan. Principle 3: The time value of money Principle 4: Taxes affect personal finance decisions. Principle 5: Stuff happens, or the importance of liquidity. Principle 6: Waste not, want notsmart spending matters. Principle 7: Protect yourself against major catastrophes. Principle 8: Risk and return go hand in hand. Principle 9: Mind games, your financial personality, and your money Principle 10: Just do it! Diff: 3 Topic: Ten Principles of Personal Finance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2 Measuring Your Financial Health and Making a Plan 2.1 Using a Balance Sheet to Measure Your Wealth 1) Insolvency results from earning more than you spend. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Net Worth AACSB: Reflective Thinking 2) In some cases insolvency can lead to bankruptcy. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Net Worth AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) Net income is used in calculating oneʹs net worth. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Net Worth AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) To calculate your net worth, subtract your total debt from your total assets. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Net Worth AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) According to the Keown book, the median net worth for American families in which the head of the household is less than 35 years old is below $10,000. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Net Worth AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) A vehicle leased in your name is an example of a tangible asset that you would list on your balance sheet. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Balance Sheet AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) The house that you are leasing from a landlord is an example of a tangible asset that you would list on your balance sheet. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Balance Sheet AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 24 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 8) The term ʺfair market valueʺ refers to how the price of an asset has changed since its original purchase. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Fair Market Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) Current liabilities are those that can typically be paid off in full within 12 months. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Liabilities AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) To determine your net worth, subtract your liabilities from your positive net equity. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Net Worth AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) Before you can hope to achieve your financial goals, you will need to first measure your current financial health and develop a plan and a budget. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Nothing Happens without a Plan AACSB: Reflective Thinking 12) Planning and budgeting requires A) control. C) discipline. B) financial restraint. D) all of the above. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Budget AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) The first section of a balance sheet represents your A) net worth. B) financial goals. C) assets. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Balance Sheet AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14) When measuring your current financial health it is important to create A) positive net worth. B) a personal balance sheet. C) an income statement. D) positive net income. E) both B and C. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Balance Sheet AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. D) liabilities. Chapter 2 Measuring Your Financial Health and Making a Plan 25 15) Assets that you purchase for the purpose of accumulating wealth to satisfy your financial goals are called A) monetary assets. B) intangible assets. C) investment assets. D) all of the above. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Balance Sheet AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) Liabilities are best described as A) monetary items of value that you own. B) financial debts and obligations that you owe. C) your net worth. D) assets that depreciate over time. E) intangible obligations. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Liabilities AACSB: Analytical Thinking 17) ________ can be more than or less than the price you paid for a given asset, depending on what others are willing to pay for that asset today. A) Net value B) Fair market value C) Intrinsic value D) Sentimental value Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Fair Market Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 18) Your ________include cash, checking and savings account balances, and money market funds. A) monetary assets B) tangible assets C) physical assets D) investment assets Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Assets AACSB: Analytical Thinking 19) The term ʺfair market valueʺ refers to A) what an asset could be sold for today. B) what you paid when you purchased an asset. C) what an asset will be worth at some point in the future. D) how the price of an asset has changed since its original purchase. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Fair Market Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 26 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 20) The common thread among investment assets is that A) they are purchased for the purpose of generating wealth. B) they are purchased for oneʹs personal use, like a vehicle or residence. C) they provide the liquidity needed in case of an emergency. D) they must be easily turned into cash with little or no loss in value. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Assets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 21) Your financial situation is insolvent when A) your expenses exceed your income. C) your net worth is positive. B) your assets are less than your liabilities. D) your debt ratio is too high. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Solvency AACSB: Analytical Thinking 22) Which of the following are not typically found on a balance sheet? A) Monetary assets B) Mortgage interest payments C) Homeʹs current market value D) Interest earned on a CD E) Both B and D Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Balance Sheet AACSB: Analytical Thinking 23) Which of the following items would not be included on a balance sheet? A) Balances owed on your utility bills B) Balances owed on your credit card(s) C) Mortgage payment paid D) Automobile loan balance E) Student loan balance Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Balance Sheet AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2 Measuring Your Financial Health and Making a Plan 27 24) Which financial planning document should you use to measure your current financial condition? A) Budget B) Cash budget C) Balance sheet D) Income statement E) Statement of financial ratios Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Balance Sheet AACSB: Analytical Thinking 25) Items on the balance sheet that represent amounts owed to others are termed A) assets. B) liabilities. C) revenues. D) expenses. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Liabilities AACSB: Analytical Thinking 26) When including an asset such as a car on your balance sheet A) list its current value as indicated in a blue book or site like www.edmunds.com. B) list the original purchase price of the vehicle. C) list the amount it would cost to purchase a new model of this vehicle. D) none of the above. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Blue Book AACSB: Analytical Thinking 27) A physical asset such as a high-definition, flat-screen TV or a Harley Davidson motorcycle is called a(n) A) financial asset. B) liability. C) tangible asset. D) investment. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Assets AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 28 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 28) Describe the three sections included in a personal balance sheet. Answer: A personal balance sheet consists of three parts: assets, liabilities, and net worth. Assets include the value of monetary assets, investments, retirement plans, housing, automobiles, personal property, and other assets. Liabilities consist of current bills, credit card debt, home mortgages, and other long term debts such as automobile loans. Your net worth, determined by subtracting liabilities from assets, is the part of your assets that are free and clear of debt. Diff: 3 Topic: Balance Sheet AACSB: Analytical Thinking 29) Why is the balance sheet a useful tool? Answer: The balance sheet is a useful tool to examine your current financial position. A financial snapshot, the balance sheet tells you how much wealth you have accumulated as of a certain date. The balance sheet also supplies the numbers for financial ratios that will help you measure your financial health against common standards. Diff: 3 Topic: Balance Sheet AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2.2 Using an Income Statement to Trace Your Money 1) The interest charge on your credit card statement should be listed on your personal income statement as a variable expense. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Income Statement AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) An income statement tracks the amount of money you have coming in and going out over some period of time, such as a month or a year. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Income Statement AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) Your net worth, or your general level of financial worth, is found by A) subtracting your expenses from your income. B) dividing your monetary assets by your current liabilities. C) subtracting your liabilities from your assets. D) dividing monthly debt (less a mortgage payment) by monthly income. E) subtracting current liabilities from monetary assets. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Net Worth AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2 Measuring Your Financial Health and Making a Plan 29 4) A personal income statement is prepared A) on an accrual basis. C) based on actual cash flows. B) on a cash basis. D) Both B and C. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Income Statement AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) Practical uses of an income statement include A) determining whether you are spending more than you earn. B) spotting problem areas of overspending. C) determining if money is available for saving or investing. D) knowing where your money is going. E) all of the above Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Income Statement AACSB: Reflective Thinking 6) An expenditure over which you have no control and are obligated to make is a A) repeating expenditure. B) fixed expenditure. C) constant expenditure. D) long-term expenditure. E) contractual expenditure. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Expenditures AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) An expenditure that you can control over time and that you can manage is a(n) A) variable expenditure. B) fixed expenditure. C) constant expenditure. D) short-term expenditure. E) adjustable expenditure. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Expenditures AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 30 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 8) Which of the following might be found on an income statement? A) Wages and salaries B) Interest and dividends C) Income taxes paid D) Payroll taxes paid E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Income Statement AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) How would an income statement help you create a financial plan? A) Spot potential areas of gambling. B) Determines whether you are earning more than you spend C) Determines your net worth D) Allows you to track future income Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Income Statement AACSB: Reflective Thinking 10) Which type of expenditure would probably be the hardest for an individual to track? A) Credit card B) Cash C) Checks written D) Automatic payments E) Direct deposits Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Expenditures AACSB: Reflective Thinking 11) Which of the following would be included on a personal income statement? A) Your 401(k) balance B) Buying a flat-screen TV on credit C) Making a payment to your credit card company D) All of the above Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Cash Flows AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) If your liabilities are greater than the value of your assets you are considered A) unstable. B) bankrupt. C) insolvent. D) unbalanced. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Net Worth AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2 Measuring Your Financial Health and Making a Plan 31 13) A statement that records where your money has come from and where it has gone over some period of time is called a(n) A) income statement. B) balance sheet. C) statement of net worth. D) none of the above Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Income Statement AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14) An expenditure over which you have control and are not obligated to make, and which may vary from month to month is called a ________ expenditure. A) fixed B) flexible C) liquid D) vacillating Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Expenditures AACSB: Analytical Thinking 15) An expenditure over which you have no control, are obligated to make, and is generally at a constant level each month is called a ________ expenditure. A) fixed B) flexible C) stationary D) discretionary E) none of the above Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Expenditures AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) Suppose that Jacobʹs assets include a motorcycle worth $12,000 and a checking account with a $3,000 balance, while his liabilities include a credit card balance of $4,000 and a motorcycle loan balance of $7,000. What is his net worth? A) $4,000 B) $5,000 C) $7,000 D) $12,000 Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Net Worth AACSB: Analytical Thinking 17) Suppose that Cathyʹs assets include an automobile worth $10,000 and a checking account with a $5,000 balance, while her liabilities include a student loan balance of $2,000 and a car loan balance of $8,000. What is her net worth? A) $10,000 B) $8,000 C) $5,000 D) $2,000 Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Net Worth AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 32 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 18) What would happen to your net worth if you sold a tangible asset you owned for $1,000 and used the money to pay off your credit card balance for $1,000? A) Since your liabilities decreased, your net worth would increase by $1,000. B) Since your assets decreased, your net worth would decrease by $1,000. C) Your net worth would increase by $500. D) Your net worth would remain the same. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Net Worth AACSB: Analytical Thinking 19) From her annual salary of $72,000, Kierstan has $5,700 automatically deducted for insurance on an annual basis. Additionally, $9,000 is deducted each year in taxes. When preparing her personal income statement, what figure should Kierstan enter for her income? A) $66,300 B) $57,300 C) $63,000 D) $72,000 Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Net Worth AACSB: Analytical Thinking 20) From her annual salary of $60,000, Claudia has $4,500 automatically deducted for insurance on an annual basis. Additionally, $7,500 is deducted each year in taxes. When preparing her personal income statement, what figure should Claudia enter for her income? A) $55,500 B) $48,000 C) $52,500 D) $60,000 Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Net Worth AACSB: Analytical Thinking 21) Suppose that Davidʹs only assets are an automobile worth $10,000 and a checking account with a $5,000 balance. His only liabilities are a student loan balance of $12,000 and a balance of $9,000 on his car loan. What is his net worth? A) $21,000 B) $15,000 C) $6,000 D) Doug is currently insolvent with $6,000 negative net worth. E) None of the above statements are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Net Worth AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2 Measuring Your Financial Health and Making a Plan 33 22) Describe an income statement and its functions. Answer: Answer: An income statement consists of three parts: income, expenses, and surplus funds. Income includes revenue from all sources and all parties contributing to the household. Typical expense items are housing, food, clothing and personal care, charitable contributions, recreation, medical expenses, insurance, and transportation. Surplus funds tell if you have any money left over at the end of the month or if you spent more than you earned. An income statement shows an itemized list of expenditures and allows you to isolate areas where you are over-spending. The statement is a good planning tool for budgets and income tax preparation. Diff: 2 Topic: Income Statement AACSB: Analytical Thinking 23) Does your use of debt affect your net worth? Answer: Yes, although this depends on how you use credit. If you use credit to buy tangible assets like home furnishings, cars, and real estate, then you will have equity in these assets as you pay down your debt. If you use debt for daily living expenses, travel, and entertainment, then you have nothing of value to offset your debt or liabilities. Diff: 3 Topic: Net Worth AACSB: Analytical Thinking 24) How can an income statement help you stay solvent? Answer: An income statement can help you stay solvent by indicating whether or not youʹre earning more than you spend. If youʹre spending too much, your income statement will show you exactly where your money is going, which will allow you to quickly spot any problem areas. If you do not spend frivolously, your income statement will indicate how much of your income is available for saving and for meeting financial goals. Diff: 3 Topic: Income Statement AACSB: Reflective Thinking 2.3 Using Ratios: Financial Thermometers 1) Using financial ratios helps you quickly compare and analyze the raw data found in your personal income statement and balance sheet. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) A debt ratio is aimed at determining if you have adequate liquidity to meet emergencies. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 34 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 3) An emergency fund, or rainy-day fund, is comprised of liquid assets sufficient to cover 3.5 years of expenditures. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Emergency Fund AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) According to the Keown book, an emergency fund consists of liquid assets that are sufficient to cover ________ of expenditures. A) 1 to 2 months B) 3 to 6 months C) 9 to 12 months D) 18 to 36 months Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Emergency Fund AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) The purpose of using financial ratios is to A) save space on your financial statements. B) share your financial figures with your advisors. C) help analyze your raw data to compare how well you are doing. D) better understand how you are managing your financial resources. E) both C and D. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Reflective Thinking 6) A(n) ________ is a reserve or rainy-day fund with money set aside to be used for unexpected expenses or when normal income has been disrupted. A) emergency fund B) umbrella fund C) resources fund D) risk fund Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Emergency Fund AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) Which questions do financial ratios help you answer? A) Do I have adequate liquidity to meet emergencies? B) Do I have the ability to meet my debt obligations? C) Am I saving as much as I think I am? D) All of the above E) A and B Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2 Measuring Your Financial Health and Making a Plan 35 8) Your ________ is found by dividing monetary assets by current liabilities and is a good measure of liquidity. A) debt ratio B) current ratio C) net worth D) net cash flows Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) Your ________ is found by dividing total debt or liabilities by total assets. A) debt ratio B) current ratio C) net worth D) asset ratio Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) Which of the following would you calculate if you were concerned about your financial resources with regards to unplanned money emergencies? A) Liability ratio B) Debt ratio C) Long-term debt coverage ratio D) Current ratio E) None of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) Suppose that you wanted to calculate a financial ratio to measure your liquidity. You would most likely use the ________ ratio. A) debt B) long-term debt coverage C) savings D) current E) none of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 36 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 12) Suppose that you were trying to determine how much income was available for future monetary needs as well as for investments. Which of the following ratios would you most likely use? A) Current ratio B) Debt ratio C) Savings ratio D) Total asset turnover E) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) The current ratio is a measure of liquidity that reflects A) how many current assets you own free and clear. B) your debt payments for the current period. C) how many times you can pay off your current liabilities by using your liquid assets. D) the portion of your total liabilities that are considered current liabilities. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Rating AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14) Cameron has $17,000 in monetary assets and $4,000 in current liabilities. What is his current ratio? A) 17,000/4,000 B) .535 times C) 5 times D) 13,000/4,000 Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking 15) Kareem has $6000 in monetary assets and $2000 in current liabilities. What is his current ratio? A) 2,000/6,000 B) .334 times C) 6,000/2,000 D) 3 times E) Both C and D are correct. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) Alysha has $500 in monetary assets and $5,000 in current liabilities. What is her current ratio? A) .100 percent B) .10 times C) 100 percent D) 10 times Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2 Measuring Your Financial Health and Making a Plan 37 17) Henry currently has $1250 in monetary assets and also has $1250 in current liabilities. What is his current ratio? A) 1 time B) 100 percent C) 1 percent D) 0 Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking 18) If the people below, with their respective current ratios, were to lose their jobs today, which one would have more time and more choices until he or she found another job? A) Christy has a current ratio of 0.85 times. B) Rick has a current ratio of 2.5 times. C) Andrew has a current ratio of 1 time. D) There is not enough information to answer this question. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking 19) Below are several people and their current ratios. If they were to lose their jobs today, which one would probably experience financial stress and pressures the quickest? A) Elmo has a current ratio of 0.5 times. B) Andy has a current ratio of 2.1 times. C) Dee has a current ratio of 1 time. D) There is not enough information to answer this question. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking 20) Sarah has $15,000 in monetary assets, $48,000 in annual living expenses, a $20,000 balance on her car loan, and $60,000 of equity in her house. What is her monthʹs living expenses covered ratio? A) 1.125 times B) 3.75 times C) 3.0 times D) There is not enough information to answer this question. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 38 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 21) Patty has $9,000 in monetary assets, annual living expenses of $36,000, a $12,000 car loan balance, and $45,000 in equity in her house. What is her monthʹs living expenses covered ratio? A) 1.125 times B) 3.75 times C) 3.0 times D) There is not enough information to answer this question. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking 22) Jorge has a debt ratio of 37 percent and Jose has a ratio of 102 percent. They both have the same take-home pay every month. How can we describe their current financial situation? A) Jorge is currently solvent. B) Jose is currently insolvent. C) Jorge probably has more money available to enjoy every month. D) Jose probably doesnʹt have much money available to enjoy every month. E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking 23) Hectorʹs monthʹs living expenses covered ratio is 0.25 months. He just broke his leg and will not be able to work for six weeks. Without a paycheck for six weeks, what will Hector most likely experience? A) He may have to liquidate some of his tangible or investment assets to keep current on his monthly bills. B) He doesnʹt have to worry because he has plenty of money in his savings accounts. C) He may have to borrow some money to keep current on his monthly bills D) There is not enough information to answer this question. E) Both A and C are realistic possibilities. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2 Measuring Your Financial Health and Making a Plan 39 Tim and Autumn Davis Tim and Autumn Davis are trying to figure out their current financial health. They will pay off their car loan in three years, their gross household income is $5,700 per month, and they receive $95 per month in interest income from their investments. They have listed the following items from their most recent statements. Savings account: $3,200 Checking account: $1,800 Credit card balance: $3,000 Car loan balance: $18,000 Car market value: $15,000 Furniture market value: $4,000 Stocks and bonds: $15,000 24) What is their current net worth? A) $21,000 B) $39,000 C) $18,000 D) $(21,000) Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Balance Sheet AACSB: Analytical Thinking 25) Assuming that they have no current bills other than those that are listed, what is their current ratio? A) 0.79 times B) $5,000/$3,000 C) 2 times D) Not enough information available Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking 26) What is their debt ratio? A) 123 percent B) 3 times C) 1.23 times Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking 27) What is their monthʹs living expenses covered ratio? A) 2 months B) 1.23 months C) 1.75 months D) Not enough information to answer this question Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. D) 0.54 percent 40 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e Hector and Maria Montez Hector and Maria Montez are trying to figure out their financial health. They will pay off their car loan in three years, their gross household income is $3,800 per month, and they receive $75 per month in interest income from their investments. They have listed the following items from their most recent statements. Savings account: $1,200 Checking account: $800 Credit card balance: $1,000 Car loan balance: $12,000 Car market value: $8,000 Furniture; market value: $2,000 Stocks and bonds: $10,000 28) What is their current net worth? A) $13,000 B) $22,000 C) $9,000 D) $35,000 E) $(13,000) Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Balance Sheet AACSB: Analytical Thinking 29) Assuming that they have no current bills other than those that are listed, what is their current ratio? A) 0.59 times B) 2000/1000 C) 2 times D) Both B and C are correct. E) Not enough information available Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking 30) What is their debt ratio? A) 169 percent B) 1.69 times C) 0.59 percent D) 0.59 times E) 2 times Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2 Measuring Your Financial Health and Making a Plan 41 31) What is their monthʹs living expenses covered ratio? A) 2 months B) 2.44 months C) 1.69 months D) 0.5 months E) Not enough information to answer this question Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking 32) What questions do financial ratios help answer? Answer: By calculating your current ratio you can answer the question, ʺDo I have adequate liquidity to meet emergencies?ʺ Debt ratios answer, ʺDo I have the ability to meet my debt obligations?ʺ ʺAm I saving as much as I think I am?ʺ is answered by the savings ratio. Diff: 2 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Reflective Thinking 33) How do you calculate the current ratio, debt ratio, and savings ratio? Answer: Current ratio is calculated by dividing total current assets by total current liabilities. A ratio of 1.0 will get you by, but a ratio of 2.0 or more is preferred. The debt ratio is determined by dividing total debt or liabilities by total assets. The savings ratio is found by dividing the income available for savings and investments by income available for living expenses. Diff: 1 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking 34) Explain the relationship between the debt ratio and insolvency? Answer: The debt ratio shows the relationship between your assets, or how much you own, and your liabilities, or how much you owe. Your assets minus your liabilities equals your net worth. If your debt ratio is a fraction below 1.0, then your assets are larger than your debt, leaving you solvent with positive net worth. If your debt ratio is larger than 1.0, then your debt is greater than your assets, leaving you insolvent with negative net worth. Diff: 3 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 42 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 35) A financial ratio by itself is of little value. To what can you compare your financial ratios to make them valuable financial planning tools? Answer: Financial ratios can be compared to historical ratios, projected or budgeted ratios, expert advice, or industry averages. If I knew my savings ratio for 2013 was 6 percent and my savings ratio for 2015 is 8 percent, then I know I have made an improvement in freeing up cash for savings and investment. If I budgeted my savings ratio for 2015 to be 10 percent and it is currently running at 8 percent, then I know I am not on track to meet my budgeted goals for the year. I can then analyze my income and expenditures to see why I am not on track to meet my goals, or possibly my goals were not realistic based on current conditions. If my savings ratio is currently 8 percent and the experts say that the ideal or average savings ratio should be 15 percent, then I can measure how well Iʹm doing compared to these benchmarks and adjust accordingly. Diff: 3 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2.4 Record Keeping 1) According to the Keown book, Mint and Level Money are two of the best smartphone apps for tracking your spending and setting up a budget. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Budget AACSB: Reflective Thinking 2) Which of the following is the best type of record-keeping system to use in maintaining financial records? A) Manual method with pencil and notebook B) Computer software C) Apps D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Record Keeping AACSB: Reflective Thinking 3) According the Keown book, which Web-based personal financial planning website is known as ʺthe best free way to manage your money?ʺ A) Mint.com B) Levelmoney.com C) YahooFinance.com D) WSJ.com Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2 Measuring Your Financial Health and Making a Plan 43 4) According to the Keown book, the most popular personal financial management program for the PC is A) Intuitʹs Quicken. B) MoneyGuidePro. C) Financial Peace. D) Crown Financial. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) A strong record-keeping system allows you to A) track expenses. B) know exactly how much youʹre spending. C) know where youʹre spending your financial resources. D) all of the above. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Record Keeping AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) According to the Keown book, what are the three primary reasons for maintaining financial records? Answer: First, without adequate records, it is extremely difficult to prepare taxes. Second, a strong record-keeping system allows you to track expenses in order to know exactly how much youʹre spending and where youʹre spending it. Without that knowledge, you will not have control over your finances. Third, organized record -keeping makes it easier for someone else to step in during an emergency and understand your financial situation. Diff: 3 Topic: Record Keeping AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2.5 Putting It All Together: Budgeting 1) An estimate of your anticipated after-tax income available for living expenses is commonly called take-home pay. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Expenditures AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) A budget is a process of setting spending goals for the upcoming month or year. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Budget AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 44 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 3) Having negative net income every once in a while is not such a bad thing as long as you have planned for it. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Income Returns AACSB: Reflective Thinking 4) From the Keown book, you have learned that a budget A) can be simple or sophisticated. B) is a process of setting spending goals for the upcoming month or year. C) is a plan for controlling cash inflows and outflows. D) includes both actual and estimated expenses. E) all of the above. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Budget AACSB: Reflective Thinking 5) Which of the following financial documents would you to use to create a financial plan? A) Balance sheet B) Income statement C) Budget D) Cash budget E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) Suppose that you have been operating an online marketing business out of your home, and the business has recently expanded beyond belief. Since you have neglected your personal finances for some time, what would you do as a first step? A) Separate your personal finances from the business finances. B) Combine your personal finances and business finances to save time. C) Rent a separate office for your business activities. D) Purchase a software program to handle both your business and personal finance at the same time. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2 Measuring Your Financial Health and Making a Plan 45 7) A plan for controlling and forecasting your cash inflows and cash outflows is called a(n) A) income statement. B) balance sheet. C) cash budget. D) statement of changes in financial position. E) none of the above. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Budget AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8) Bradley went shopping today and used his American Express credit card to buy a new pullover sweater. He used his bank debit card to pay for a video game and bought some snack food with cash. Which of these purchases are difficult to track and monitor on his budget? A) The pullover sweater is difficult to track because it costs more than what he budgeted for clothing this month. B) The video games are difficult to track because he did not add a budget category for electronics. C) The snacks are difficult to track because cash transactions donʹt leave a paper trail. D) Both A and B Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Budget AACSB: Analytical Thinking George and Betty George and Betty, a middle-aged couple, have watched their savings account dwindle over the years. They both make good incomes and canʹt understand why they arenʹt saving more each month. Below is their financial information to complete an income statement. Gross monthly income: $8,000 Income taxes withheld monthly: $2,300 Monthly interest income from investments: $100 Monthly insurance payments: $700 Monthly housing expenses: $4,500 Monthly food expenses: $800 Miscellaneous expenses: $400 9) What is George and Bettyʹs net income? A) $1,700 B) $(600) C) $(500) D) $1600 E) Not enough information available to answer question Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Expenditures AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 46 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 10) What is their current savings ratio? A) 10.3 percent C) zero B) negative 10.3 percent D) None of the above Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) George and Betty ask you for financial advice. What would you tell them to do? A) They should hire a Certified Financial Planner to assist them. B) Nothing. With their income they are in good shape financially. C) They need to live within their means. D) Both A and C would be good advice for them. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Record Keeping AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) Explain the steps in developing a cash budget. Answer: First, determine your anticipated income by referring to last yearʹs adjusted income. Next, estimate your level of taxes to determine after-tax income available for living expenses. Add fixed and variable expense estimates together to determine your level of spending. Last, subtract living expenditures from expected take-home pay to calculate income available for savings and investment. Diff: 2 Topic: Budget AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) Describe how to implement the ʺenvelopeʺ budgeting system. Answer: For those new to budgeting or those with small amounts of self-discipline, the envelope system is useful. Use a separate envelope for each major monthly expense, including one for miscellaneous, and label each with the expense name. From the appropriate paycheck or source of income, allocate the proper amount of money for each envelope. Use the money in each envelope only for its intended use, and you should have enough to go around. As soon as possible, add an envelope for savings and emergencies. Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2 Measuring Your Financial Health and Making a Plan 47 14) What are some benefits of using a mobile app coupled with a Web-based personal financial planning website? Which two websites/apps are highly recommended by the author? Answer: Many personal financial planning apps and websites allow you to keep an eye on your financial moves. Several allow you to simultaneously track all bank accounts, credit cards, retirement accounts, investments, and loans. Mint.com, a free app and website, is one such tool. It also allows you to create a budget based on your actual spending and helps you plan for your financial goals. Another example is Levelmoney.com. Free, simple, and effective, Level Money works like a gas gauge, monitoring your spending and keeping you from getting into financial trouble. Both Mint.com and Levelmoney.com are highly recommended by the author. Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Information Technology 2.6 Hiring a Professional 1) Commission-only planners charge fees and collect commissions on products they recommend. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Probate AACSB: Reflective Thinking 2) As long as a financial planner is certified you need not worry about his ability to provide you with the correct financial plan for your situation. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Professional Financial Planners AACSB: Reflective Thinking 3) ________ planners charge a fee that is reduced by the amount of the commissions they earn. A) Fee-only B) Fee-and-commission C) Fee-offset D) Commission-based Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Professional Financial Planners AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) Which of the following is a relevant question to ask a financial planner? A) What are your credentials and professional designations? B) Would you provide us with references? C) Would you show us a similar financial plan you have done for someone else? D) Will you provide us with a written estimate of your services and their cost? E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Professional Financial Planners AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 48 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 5) Under what conditions should people hire a professional financial planner? A) When they need someone to improve or validate the plan they prepared themselves B) When they start receiving late payment penalties from their creditors C) When it is apparent their financial planning skills are limited D) When they run into complex tax or legal issues E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Professional Financial Planners AACSB: Reflective Thinking 6) What are the four choices in managing your financial affairs? Answer: The most simple approach is to manage your finances yourself. A second choice is to jointly plan your finances with a professional planner. A third choice is to let a professional planner compile the entire plan together for you. If you develop your own plan, you might want a professional planner to validate what you have done. Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking 7) Prepare a list of questions to ask a prospective financial planner you are considering. Answer: 1. How long have you been a financial planner? 2. What are your credentials and professional designations? 3. Do you actively participate in continuing education to keep up with the times? 4. How do you keep up with the latest financial changes? 5. Will you provide us with references? 6. Will you let me see a copy of a financial plan you created for someone else in similar circumstances? 7. Who will work with you on my plan? Will the work be done by a junior staffer or a computer program? 9. Are you paid through fees, commissions, or a combination? What are your fees and commissions, how often are you paid, and how will your fees and commissions be calculated? 10. Will you provide a written estimate of the services I expect and the cost of those services? Diff: 2 Topic: Professional Financial Planners AACSB: Reflective Thinking 8) List the benefits a professional financial planner can offer. Answer: A financial planner has the knowledge and skills to teach you the financial axioms. From an objective point of view, the pro will be able to help you prepare balance sheets, income statements, budgets, and financial ratios, as well as savings, investment, and retirement plans that are realistic. A financial planner can save you time and costly mistakes. He or she may suggest a computer software program to meet your individual needs, as well as give tax advice. Diff: 2 Topic: Professional Financial Planners AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2 Measuring Your Financial Health and Making a Plan 49 9) The experts say that, stereotypically, a fee-only financial planner is a better option than one who earns commissions on what he or she sells you. Why is this sometimes true? Answer: Because of the agency relationship and self-interested behavior, a commission-earning financial planner may be more interested in the commissions he or she will earn versus what is best for your personal needs. There is the potential for the planner to recommend financial products that pay higher commissions, when these products may not be best suited to your individual needs, or when there may be less expensive options available. A fee-only planner has no such incentive, since the fees are not contingent on your financial decisions. The fee-only planner knows that he or she must do a good job or you will not continue to utilize their services or refer new business to them. Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 3 Understanding and Appreciating the Time Value of Money 3.1 Compound Interest and Future Values 1) Compounding is when the interest you have already earned on an investment earns interest. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Compounding AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) Your money grows faster as the compounding period becomes longer. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Compounding AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) An investment earning 12 percent interest per year should double in value in approximately four years. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Rule of 72 AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) The present value of a financial asset is what you should be willing to pay today for that financial asset. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) Time Value of Money calculations can be made much easier through the use of a financial calculator. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Calculator Skills AACSB: Information Technology 6) If you set your calculator to the ʺendʺ mode your calculator will assume cash flows occur at the end of each time period. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Calculator Skills AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 3 Understanding and Appreciating the Time Value of Money 51 7) The I/Y key on a financial calculator stores the information for the interest rate or the discount rate per period. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Calculator Skills AACSB: Information Technology 8) You currently have $11,167 in your savings account. What interest rate do you need to earn in order to have $20,000 in the account in 10 years? A) 6% B) 8% C) 10% D) There is not enough information to solve this question. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Calculator Skills AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) The ________ Principle states that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future. A) Future value of money B) Discounted value of money C) Adjusted value of money D) Time value of money E) Annuity value of money Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) The current value in todayʹs dollars of a future sum of money is called A) future value. B) adjusted value. C) compounded value. D) present value. E) discounted value. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Present Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) The dollar value of an investment at some future point in time is also known as A) future value. B) present value. C) compounded annuity. D) the time value of money. E) calculated value. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Future Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 52 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 12) Allowing the interest that you earn on an investment to stay in the investment and to earn interest on the interest you have already earned is called what? A) The power of of present value B) The power of compound interest C) The power of simple interest D) The power of time E) The power of future value Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Compounding AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) A one-time investment of $1,500 at a 10 percent annual rate of return yields $2,196 in two years. The $2,196 is known as the A) present value. B) compound value. C) principal plus interest. D) future value. E) annuity value Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Future Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14) John Madrid put $1,000 into a mutual fund yielding an 18% annual rate of return. Using the Rule of 72, calculate approximately how long it will take for the investment to double in value. A) Three years, four months B) Three years and seven months C) Four years D) Four years and four months E) Five years Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Rule of 72 AACSB: Analytical Thinking 15) Samantha Jee put $3,000 into a mutual fund yielding a 12 percent annual rate of return. Using the Rule of 72, calculate approximately how long it will take for the investment to double in value. A) Two years B) Two years and four months C) Six years D) Seven years and four months Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Rule of 72 AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 3 Understanding and Appreciating the Time Value of Money 53 16) This helpful investment rule-of-thumb tells you approximately how many years it takes for a sum of money to double in size. A) Rule of compound interest B) Rule of 72 C) Rule of 100 D) Rule of future value E) Rule of annuity doubling Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Rule of 72 AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 17) By the Rule of 72, what annual interest rate would be required to turn $100 into $200 in approximately six years? A) 4% B) 8% C) 12% D) 16% Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Rule of 72 AACSB: Analytical Thinking 18) Suppose that you invested $100 in a bank account that earned an annual rate of return of 10%. How much would you have in that bank account at the end of 10 years? A) $259.37 B) $238.55 C) $293.74 D) $214.46 E) $279.23 Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Future Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 19) You have just placed $500 in a bank account that earns an annual rate of return of 6%. How much will you have in that bank account after 6 years? A) $652.48 B) $709.26 C) $787.66 D) $758.66 E) $801.68 Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Future Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 20) As a future graduation present, you uncle has just placed $6,000 in a bank account that will earn an annual rate of return of 6%. How much will be in that account when you graduate in four years? A) $7,731.55 B) $6,752.56 C) $6,247.70 D) $7,790.63 E) $7,574.86 Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Future Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 54 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 21) Suppose that you placed $500 in a bank account at the end of each year for the next 10 years. How much would be in that account at the end of the tenth year if the deposits earned an annual rate of return of 8% each year? A) $8,079.46 B) $5,400.00 C) $7,243.28 D) $6,355.04 E) $7,774.51 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Future Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 22) Suppose that you want to create a ʺcollege fundʺ for your newborn child and place $300 in a bank account at the end of each of the next 20 years. If that account earns an annual rate of return of 7%, how much will be in that account at the end of the twentieth year? A) $13,420.00 B) $12,977.53 C) $13,178.20 D) $11,828.32 E) $12,298.65 Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Future Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 23) Your great-uncle placed $500 a year in a bank account for your ʺcollege fundʺ for each of the last 18 years. How much is now in your college account (at the end of the eighteenth year) if your account earned an annual rate of return of 6%? A) $15,452.83 B) $15,175.17 C) $16,427.17 D) $15,413.80 E) $15,546.18 Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Future Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 24) Which financial planning concepts should be helpful to a couple planning for how much money to start saving for their retirement? A) Reinvesting B) Compound interest C) Future values D) Present values E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 3 Understanding and Appreciating the Time Value of Money 55 25) A method by which one can compare cash flows across timeeither as what a future cash flow is worth today (present value) or what an investment made today will be worth in the future (future value)is called B) compounding. A) time-value of money. C) simple interest. D) opportunity cost. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 26) You have been saving toward the purchase of a new mountain bike. Five years ago, you placed $600 in a bank account, and you have since earned an annual rate of return of 12 percent. How much do you now have in your account? A) $1,057.41 B) $1,293.71 C) $978.70 D) $1,138.70 Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Future Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 27) You have just remembered that four years ago you placed $1,000 in a bank account. If the bank was paying an annual rate of return of 8% during that time, how much should you have in your forgotten account? A) $1,253.03 B) $1,360.49 C) $1,321.92 D) $1,301.92 Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Future Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 28) Your great-aunt wants to help with your college graduation party. She has just placed $5,000 dollars in a bank account that will earn an annual rate of return of 6%. If you graduate in four years, how much will be in your party account? A) $7,120.89 B) $6,142.96 C) $5,960.47 D) $6,312.38 Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Future Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 29) Suppose that you place $450 in a bank account each year for the next 20 years. How much would be in your bank account at the end of the twentieth year if the deposits earned an annual rate of return of 6% each year? A) $9,540.00 B) $10,876.31 C) $14,729.44 D) $16,553.52 Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Future Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 56 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 30) Suppose that you want to create a ʺretirement party fundʺ for yourself and place $50 in a bank account for each of the next 20 years. If that account earns an annual rate of return of 7%, how much will be in your retirement party fund at the end of the twentieth year? A) $1,529.70 B) $2,679.22 C) $1,032.57 D) $2,049.77 Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Future Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 31) Your daughter has been saving $500 a year for each of the last 10 years for her ʺsweet sixteenʺ party. How much is now in her party account (at the end of the tenth year) if she earned an annual rate of return of 6%? A) $6,590.40 B) $7,680.04 C) $5,300.00 D) $8,714.84 Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Future Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 32) If your bank pays you interest in the form of an annual rate of return of 10% over each of the next five years, how much will your balance be if you make annual deposits of $400? A) $2,248.37 B) $2,644.20 C) $2,516.31 D) $2,442.04 Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Future Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 33) Using the Rule of 72, approximately how long will it take to double your money if you invest it at 8% compounded annually? A) 6 months B) 9 months C) 6 years D) 9 years E) It depends on the amount of the initial investment. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 34) Using the Rule of 72, if it will take approximately 12 years for your money to double, at what annually compounded interest rate is it invested? A) 6% B) 8% C) 9% D) 12% Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 3 Understanding and Appreciating the Time Value of Money 57 35) You invest $1,000 at age 20 at an annual rate of return of 12%. By the time you are 62 you will have amassed approximately A) $47,040. B) $67,214. C) $116,723. D) $504,000. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 36) Describe the effects and benefits of compound interest. Answer: Compounding interest means that interest earned on the principal of an investment or savings vehicle is reinvested and will itself earn interest. Should the interest earned be removed and not reinvested then you wonʹt accumulate a very large amount. Diff: 2 Topic: Compounding AACSB: Analytical Thinking 37) Why is the time value of money an important concept in financial planning? Answer: The time value of money allows us to see the relationship between time and the value of accumulated sums of money. We can clearly understand that starting a savings or retirement plan at a younger age will create much more wealth than waiting to start it at a later time. It also becomes clear that starting younger means saving a smaller monthly amount and having the option of skipping some months or years later if it becomes necessary to do so. Diff: 1 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Reflective Thinking 38) What are some practical uses of present and future values? Answer: There are basically two practical uses for these values. Present values will tell you how much must be saved or invested annually to achieve a future financial goal. It also works for determining the monthly payment on a loan of a specified amount to be paid back in the future. Future values show the total future accumulated values of specified sums of money saved or invested now and into the future. Budgeting and financial planning would be very difficult if not impossible without the time value of money skills. Diff: 2 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Reflective Thinking 39) A compound interest table is useful in solving a time value of money problem. Name the variables involved. Answer: The interest rate, the period of time involved, the sum of money involved, and the frequency of compounding are variables to consider when using a compound interest table. Diff: 1 Topic: Compounding AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 58 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 3.2 Compounding and the Power of Time an Interest 1) A dollar received in the future is worth more than a dollar received today. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) The earlier you begin saving for your retirement, the easier it will be to reach your financial goals for retirement. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Reflective Thinking 3) It is really pretty easy to create a valuable personal financial plan without understanding the time value of money principle. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Reflective Thinking 4) Charlie is starting to save for his retirement now at age 20. If inflation averages 4% annually until his retirement age and he earns an annual rate of return of 4% on his investments during this period, then he should be able to enjoy a very comfortable retirement when he is retired. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Inflation AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) Small changes in the interest rate can have a dramatic impact on future values. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) At the age of 20, James is starting to save for retirement. If inflation averages 4 percent annually until his retirement age and he earns an average annual rate of return of 13 percent on his investments during this period, he should be able to enjoy a comfortable retirement. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) Two of the most important factors in reaching your financial goals are the return on your investments and the length of time you have until you need your money. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 3 Understanding and Appreciating the Time Value of Money 59 8) Generally speaking, regularly saving a little money when you are young can result in a large final payoff. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Reflective Thinking 9) It is not realistic for a 20-year-old to accumulate $1 million by the age of 65. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Reflective Thinking 10) Most people achieve comfortable retirements by postponing saving until after age 50, when they are able to save a large amount on a regular basis. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Reflective Thinking 11) Your money will grow or compound ________ as the number of compounding periods per year becomes ________. A) faster; smaller B) faster; larger C) slower; larger D) slower; compounded E) none of the above are correct Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Compounding AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) Who will end up with the largest amount of money invested at an annual rate of return of 9% over the next 42 years? A) Jim saves $1,200 per year for the first 14 years and then stops putting any new money into the account for the remaining 28 years. B) Jeremy saves nothing for the first 14 years and saves $1,200 per year for the next 14 years and then puts no more money into the account during the last 14 years. C) Jerry saves nothing for the first 14 years and then saves $1,200 per year for the remaining 28 years. D) Joey saves nothing for the first 14 years and then saves $1,500 per year for 14 years then stops putting any new money into the account for the remaining 14 years. E) John saves nothing for the first 10 years and saves $1,500 per year for the remaining 32 years. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Calculator Skills AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 60 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 13) Why should you care about the power of compounding and the time value of money? A) It is critical to obtaining your future financial goals. B) The sooner you start saving for retirement, the less you have to save each year. C) You may outlive your Social Security and employerʹs retirement plan. D) It is possible to build a large estate for yourself, spouse, and children. E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Compounding AACSB: Reflective Thinking 14) Is it possible to save $585,000 for retirement instead of $310,000 without requiring much more to be invested every month? A) Probably not with inflation working against you B) Depends upon the interest rate or return you earn on the investment as well as the number of years until retirement C) Absolutely not D) There is not enough information to answer this question. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 15) What is the annual interest rate earned on a deposit that grew from $250 to $502.84 over the last 5 years? A) 15% B) 13% C) 11% D) 9% Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) Suppose that you had deposited $100 in a bank account for each of the last 5 years. What annual interest rate is attached to this account if there is now (at the end of the fifth year) $758.92 in the account? A) 10% B) 16% C) 19% D) 21% E) 23% Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 17) What is the annual interest rate earned on a deposit that grew from $60 to $111.06 over the last 8 years? A) 14% B) 12% C) 8% D) 6% Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 3 Understanding and Appreciating the Time Value of Money 61 18) One day as you were going through some old memorabilia, you discovered an old savings account in which you placed $100 twenty years ago. When you checked out the account, it currently had a balance of $320.71. What annual rate of interest did you earn? A) 12% B) 10% C) 8% D) 6% Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking Arnold Diaz Arnold learned something very valuable as a teenager from his dad. He was told to invest $1,000 at 12% interest at age 20 and leave it alone until age 65. Arnoldʹs dad knew that one strategy that wealthy people use is to exercise self-discipline to never touch this long-term plan. Arnold is very happy he applied his dadʹs advice. 19) Approximately how long will it take Arnoldʹs savings to grow into $2,000? A) 60 months B) 5 years C) 8.5 years D) 6 years Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 20) If he sticks to this plan, Arnoldʹs savings will have grown to approximately ________ by age 62. A) $116,723 B) $163,987 C) $9,646 D) $1,125,945 Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 21) If Arnold were to leave his money in the account until he was 68, by approximately what amount would the balance increase between his 62nd and 68th years? A) $113,667 B) $1,096,471 C) $160,457 D) $1,973 Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 22) If his savings account had earned a more conservative 9% annual rate of return, Arnoldʹs savings would be approximately ________ less by age 68. A) $4,132 B) $62,585 C) $167,805 D) $1,871,663 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 62 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 23) Suppose the investment rate of return were 18%. At this rate, when would Arnold reach the $1,000,000 mark? A) at age 42 B) at age 54 C) at age 62 D) at age 68 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Future Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking Enrique Martinez As a teenager, Enrique learned a valuable lesson from his dad, who told him to invest $1,000 at 8 percent interest at age 20 and leave the money alone until age 65. Enriqueʹs dad knew that one strategy used by wealthy people is to exercise self-discipline and never touch a long-term savings plan. Enrique is happy to apply his dadʹs advice. 24) Approximately how long will it take Enriqueʹs investment to grow into $2,000? A) Seventy-two months B) Six years C) Nine years D) Twelve years Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 25) If he sticks to the plan, Enriqueʹs savings will grow to approximately ________ by age 62. A) $25,339 B) $31,920 C) $4,660 D) $148,780 Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 26) If Enrique leaves the money in the account until he is 68, by approximately what amount would the balance increase between his 62nd and 68th years? A) $14,872 B) $108,569 C) $8,291 D) $35,551 Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 27) If his savings account earns a more aggressive 14 percent annual rate of return, Enriqueʹs savings will be worth approximately ________ more by age 68. A) $4,145 B) $245,473 C) $498,596 D) $538,807 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 3 Understanding and Appreciating the Time Value of Money 63 28) Suppose the annual rate of return is 15 percent. At this rate, when will Enrique reach the $500,000 mark? A) Age 45 B) Age 58 C) Age 65 D) Age 70 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 29) Describe the two factors that affect how much we need to save to achieve financial goals. Answer: The two variable factors that affect total accumulation are the interest rate received and the time period the savings/investment is allowed to accumulate. Increasing the interest rate and/or the period of time to accumulate will create a much larger end product. By decreasing either of these two factors, total accumulation will be decreased. Experiment with increasing either of these factors and the results will be both apparent and amazing. Diff: 2 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 30) List four reasons why you should care about the power of compounding and the time value of money. Answer: The concepts are critical to your efforts to achieve financial goals. The sooner you start saving for retirement, the less you have to save each year. You may outlive your Social Security benefits and employer retirement plans. The concepts will help you develop a large estate for yourself, spouse, and children. Diff: 3 Topic: Compounding AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3.3 Present Value-Whatʹs It Worth in Todayʹs Dollars? 1) The present value interest factor is the inverse of the corresponding future value interest factor. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) Present value lets us compare dollar values from different time periods. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Reflective Thinking 3) The future value of a current investment earning a positive rate of return is always greater than the present value of the investment. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 64 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 4) The discount rate is the interest rate used to bring ________ back to ________. A) current dollars; present dollars B) future dollars; present dollars C) current interest rate; present present interest rate D) future interest rate; present interest rate Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Present Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) Which one of the following is the ʺenemyʺ of compound interest and makes it very difficult to reach your financial goals? A) Inflation B) Annuity factor C) Simple interest D) Compound frequency E) None of the above Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Compounding AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) What is the present value today of $150 that will be received in four years from now if the discount rate is 12%? A) $76.03 B) $95.33 C) $116.90 D) $105.60 E) $83.39 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Present Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) Rasheed can afford a monthly car payment of $550 for 72 months at an annual interest rate of 7.5 percent. Which of the following is closest to the amount he will be able to borrow for a new car? A) $3,984 B) $6,550 C) $31,810 D) $49,818 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Time Dimension of Investing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8) What is the present value of an IOU for $1,000 due to be paid in two years, if the discount rate is 8%? A) $857.34 B) $766.40 C) $885.00 D) $683.26 E) $810.77 Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Present Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 3 Understanding and Appreciating the Time Value of Money 65 9) What is the price you would be willing to pay today for an IOU for $500 due in one year if you want to earn at least 16%? A) $480.00 B) $431.03 C) $450.00 D) $395.33 E) $418.23 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Present Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) At the end of each year for ten years you deposit $750 in an account that earns an annual rate of return of 12%. What is the present value of these deposits? A) $4,329.39 B) $5,241.48 C) $3,161.55 D) $4,237.67 E) $4,482.63 Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Present Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) Samʹs uncle promised to give him $7,000 when he graduates from college three years from now. Assuming an interest rate of 8 percent compounded annually, what is the value of Samʹs gift right now? A) $5,504.22 B) $5,510.78 C) $5,556.83 D) $5,555.55 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Present Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) Someone has offered you the opportunity to purchase an IOU. The IOU will pay back a total of $500 in three years. How much would you be willing to pay for that IOU today if you want to earn an annual rate of return of 16%? A) $320.33 B) $422.63 C) $292.63 D) $380.45 Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Present Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) What is the maximum that you would be willing to loan your brother for a $100 IOU if he promises to pay you back at the end of the year? You want to earn an annual rate of return of 12%. A) $82.00 B) $89.29 C) $92.73 D) $88.00 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Present Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3.4 Annuities 1) A perpetuity is an annuity that continues forever. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Annuity AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 66 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 2) A compound annuity involves depositing or investing an equal sum of money at the end of each time period for a certain number of time periods and allowing it to grow. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Annuity AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 3) An annuity is a series of unequal dollar payments coming at the end of each time period for a specified number of time periods. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Annuity AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) With a mortgage loan of $150,000 at an annual percentage rate of 6% for 30 years, you will pay over $150,000 in interest before your loan ends. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Compounding AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) With a 30-year mortgage loan of $100,000 at an annual interest rate of 7 percent, you will pay less $135,000 in interest before your loan ends. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Compounding AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) In an amortized loan the earlier payments have a larger portion of the payment going to pay interest and a smaller portion of the payment to pay down the principle. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Amortized Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) A compound annuity uses the principles of A) reinvesting and present value. B) compound interest and future value. C) reinvesting and compound interest. D) compound interest and present value. E) amortization and reinvesting. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Annuity AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 3 Understanding and Appreciating the Time Value of Money 67 8) A series of equal dollar payments at the end of each period for ʺxʺ number of time periods is A) an annuity. B) a complex annuity. C) an annuity due. D) a deferred annuity. E) an equal installment annuity. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Annuity AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) What is the present value of $500 received at the end of each of the next five years worth to you today at the appropriate discount rate of 6 percent? A) $1,105 B) $1,850 C) $2,106 D) $2,778 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Annuity AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) What is the present value of an annual payment of $1,500 discounted back 15 years at an annual rate of return of 3%? A) $10,663.87 B) $12,334.56 C) $13,449.87 D) $17,906.90 Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Annuity AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) What is the present value of an annual payment of $3,600 discounted back 12 years at an annual rate of return of 5 percent? A) $12,977.19 B) $31,907.71 C) $45,360.00 D) $57,301.66 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Annuity AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) What is the future value of a series of $500 annual payments received at the end of each of the next 5 yearsʹ worth if they are invested at an annual rate of return of 6%? A) $1,223.44 B) $2,176.65 C) $2,818.50 D) $3,309.76 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Annuity AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) What is the future value of a stream of $800 annual payments worth to the investor at the end of 10 years if these payments are invested at an annual rate of return of 8.5%? A) $11,868.08 B) $12,195.22 C) $13,334.90 D) $13,667.88 Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Annuity AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 68 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 14) What is the present value of a $1,000 payment at the end of each of the next 10 years discounted back to the present at 5%? A) $5,098 B) $7,722 C) $8,775 D) $9,112 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Annuity AACSB: Analytical Thinking 15) Suppose that you want to purchase a car today. You can afford payments of $400 per month and want to pay the loan back over the next five years. Assuming no down payment is required, how much can you borrow if the bank will charge you an annual percentage rate of 12% compounded monthly? A) $16,726.68 B) $18,220.18 C) $24,667.87 D) $25,008.90 E) $17,982.02 Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Present Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) How much can you borrow today if you can make payments of $3,600 a year for the next five years and the interest rate is 10%? A) $13,646.83 B) $12,235.32 C) $18,978.36 D) $15,797.84 E) $17,949.67 Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Present Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 17) Slyʹs Used Cars just sold you a clunker (you need it to get to class on time). You financed the $4,728.48 purchase price for 24 months. They said your payment would be $250. What interest rate did they charge you (assume monthly compounding)? A) 10% B) 12% C) 16% D) 19% E) 24% Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 18) What would be the interest rate on a loan of $9,981.78 that you paid off with annual payments of $2,500 for each of the next five years? A) 8.0% B) 10% C) 15% D) 21% E) 26% Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 3 Understanding and Appreciating the Time Value of Money 69 19) You just purchased a premier lot in an exclusive neighborhood for your future home. The lot cost $50,000, an amount you financed with a 96 -month loan. If your interest rate is 9.25 percent compounded monthly, which of the following is closest to your monthly payment? A) $744.55 B) $853.60 C) $767.23 D) $739.02 E) $810.92 Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 20) If Monica invests $15,750 at 8 percent annual interest, how much would she have after eight years? A) $29,152.15 B) $17,010.08 C) $32,354.22 D) $39,678.92 Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Future Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 21) How much did you borrow if your annual payments are $5,000 for the next seven years and the interest rate is 9%? A) $25,164.76 B) $36,002.17 C) $19,140.20 D) $27,797.84 Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Present Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 22) Suppose that you want to purchase some land to build a homestead in the future. You can afford payments of $5,000 each year and want to pay the loan back over the next 20 years. Assuming no down payment is required, how much can you borrow if the bank will charge you an annual interest rate of 12%? A) $100,985.45 B) $48,231.47 C) $37,347.22 D) $160,262.21 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Present Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 23) What would be the interest rate on a loan of $39,927.10 that you paid off with annual payments of $10,000 for each of the next five years? A) 8% B) 10% C) 15% D) 21% E) 26% Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Present Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 24) Car loans and mortgage loans are typical annuities in the form of A) maturity loans. B) compound loans. C) amortized loans. D) payment loans. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Amortized Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 70 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 25) A perpetuity is an annuity where the payments A) stop at maturity. B) are delayed until maturity. C) increase due to inflation. D) never stop. E) accrue until maturity. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Perpetuity AACSB: Analytical Thinking 26) You just purchased a vacant lot for your future son-in-lawʹs home for $30,000. You financed that amount over 120 months. What would your monthly payment be if your interest rate was 12% compounded monthly? A) $430.41 B) $389.21 C) $231.22 D) $189.02 Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 27) When a loan is paid off in equal installments, this is called a(n) ________ loan. A) amortized B) discounted C) balloon D) reverse annuity E) none of the above Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Amortized Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 28) Consider that you are paying back a fully amortized loan. Which of the following statements is most correct? A) Later loan payments involve larger amounts of principal repayment. B) The actual loan payments vary from year to year. C) After the last loan payment is made, there is still a large principal repayment remaining. D) Early loan payments include smaller amounts of interest payments. E) None of the above statements are true. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Amortized Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 3 Understanding and Appreciating the Time Value of Money 71 29) Suppose you borrowed $12,000 at an annual rate of 6 percent interest to buy a car and wish to repay it in five equal payments at the end of each of the next five years. Which of the following is the closest to the amount of each of these payments? A) $2,364 B) $2,849 C) $2,544 D) $2,436 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Amortized Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 30) Assuming that you can afford a car payment of $400 for 36 months, which of the following is closest to the annual interest rate you would need on a loan to borrow $12,000 for a new car? A) 10.99 percent B) 11.26 percent C) 12.25 percent D) 12.99 percent Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 31) Jah-Malya can afford a car payment of $400 per month for 48 months at an annual rate of 8.25 percent interest. Which of the following is closest to the amount she will be able to borrow for a new car? A) $16,306 B) $4,741 C) $22,656 D) $12,997 Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 32) Mark borrows $15,000 to buy a new car. His loan has an annual interest rate of 6.5%, compounded monthly, and his monthly payment is $293.49. How much will he have paid in interest when he has finished repaying his loan in 60 months? A) $43.49 B) $1,575.50 C) $2,609.40 D) $17,609.40 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Amortized Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 33) Mark borrows $15,000 to buy a new car. His loan has an interest rate of 6.5%, compounded monthly, and his monthly payment is $293.49. If instead his loan had an interest rate of 8%, how much more would he have paid in interest by the time he finished repaying his loan in 60 months? A) $225.00 B) $304.15 C) $639.60 D) $3,249.00 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Amortized Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 72 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e Adrian Clemons Adrian, a single man who wants to buy a house in five years, read an article that recommended a down payment of 20 percent. With a large income and little debt, Adrian can afford to save a substantial amount of money every month. He is asking you for advice to help him reach his goal. 34) Adrian found a nice house today that is selling for $150,000. Assuming an inflation rate of 5 percent in the local real estate market, how much will this house sell for in five years? A) $187,500 B) $191,442 C) $204,650 D) $157,500 Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 35) Assume that Adrian will need $30,000 for his 20 percent down payment in five years. If he locates an investment with a 9 percent rate of return that compounds annually, which of the following is closest to the amount that he will have to save each year? A) $6,003 B) $4,884 C) $5,187 D) $5,013 Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 36) It is now five years later, and Adrian has saved enough money for a 20 percent down payment on a house. He will have to borrow $135,000 in a 30-year loan with an annual interest rate of 6 percent compounded monthly. What will his monthly mortgage payment be? A) $1,199.55 B) $809.39 C) $779.98 D) $397.50 Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 37) Define an amortized loan and give two common examples. Answer: An amortized loan is a loan paid off in equal installments. The loan amount is paid back by spreading or amortizing the payments out over a certain time period based on a specific interest rate. Two common examples are auto loans and home mortgages. Diff: 1 Topic: Amortized Loan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 38) List at least five common examples of annuities. Answer: a one year lease on an apartment, your five year car loan, your parentsʹ mortgage payments, monthly savings to reach a college education expense goal, a monthly paycheck if you are on salary, and constant monthly contributions to retirement plans are all examples of annuities. Diff: 1 Topic: Annuity AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 3 Understanding and Appreciating the Time Value of Money 73 39) For someone who has $100,000 to save for 20 years, would a 4% Certificate of Deposit that compounds annually be a better deal than a 3.94% Certificate of Deposit that compounds quarterly? Why? Answer: With the 4% annual compounding, your $100,000 would compound into $219,112.31. There would be 20 compounding periods at 4% per year and the interest would be calculated at the end of every year. Your $4,000 in interest from year one would not earn any interest until the end of year two ($160). With the quarterly compounding your interest would start earning interest itself starting with the second quarter of year one. There would be a total of 80 compounding periods (4 quarters per year times 20 years) and this would mean that even with the lower interest rate, your money would grow to $219,053.19 for a slight difference of $59.12! Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 40) What recommendations would you offer to someone who is trying to break poor financial habits and save money in order to achieve his or her financial goals? Answer: Recommendation one: First, gain an understanding of how compounding works–that as the number of years and the interest rate you earn go up, so does the future value of an investment. Recommendation two: Think of savings as a ʺsnowball effect.ʺ You earn interest on your initial investment, and those interest earnings and the initial investment both continue to earn interest. When these earnings are extended over multiple decades, your money can really add up. In other words, you want to start investing as soon as possible. Recommendation three: Pay yourself–your future self, that is–first. To make this process as painless as possible, automate the payments so that when your paycheck is deposited into your bank account, a percentage is automatically transferred to a separate investment account–perhaps your retirement account. Or ask your employerʹs payroll department about a mandatory payroll deduction. It is much easier to save the money that you never really see! Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Goals AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 4 Tax Planning and Strategies 4.1 The Federal Income Tax Structure 1) Currently, the highest tax bracket for taxpayers is 37.5 percent. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Tax Rates AACSB: Reflective Thinking 2) Compared to the standard deduction, it is easier to calculate your itemized deductions. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Deductions AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) Your deductions as a single person have reduced your taxable income to $38,950, bringing you into the 25 percent tax bracket. As such, your taxes will amount to 25 percent of your taxable income of $38,950. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Tax Rates AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) Taxes are collected on a pay-as-you-go basis. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Progressive Tax AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) You pay taxes only when you sell stock and realize the gain. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Capital Gains/Loss AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) According the Keown book, most taxes, about 30 percent of individual income taxes, are collected through withholding from wages. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) In 2013 you purchased $1,800 of IBM stock and you sold it this year for $1,500. Since you lost money on this transaction, there is no valid reason to include this on this yearʹs tax return. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Capital Gains/Loss AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 4 Tax Planning and Strategies 75 8) In 2010 you purchased a share of stock for $125 and you sold it this year for $250. Legally, you donʹt need to pay any taxes on this transaction. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Capital Gains Tax AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) Adjusted gross income is your total gross income adjusted for inflation. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Adjusted Gross Income AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) Bracket creep refers to an increase in marginal taxes caused by the impact of inflation. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Tax Brackets AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) Only people in the higher tax brackets pay taxes on capital gains. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Capital Gains Tax AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) For most tax payers, their average tax rate is lower than their marginal tax rate. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Marginal Tax Rate AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) If you are in a 25 percent tax bracket then every dollar of your adjusted gross income will be taxed at 25 percent. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Progressive Tax AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14) A regressive tax rate is one that increases as you make more income. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Progressive Tax AACSB: Analytical Thinking 15) The impact of taxes are an important consideration in most of the financial decisions that you will make. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Taxes Affect Personal Finance Decisions AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 76 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 16) Ashlyn is a single person with no dependents. She normally receives over $1,800 every year for an income tax refund. She is having difficulty paying her monthly bills every month. What tax advice would you give her? A) She should increase her exemptions on her W-4 form at work. B) She should pay her estimated taxes every quarter. C) She needs to find some more tax deductions. D) She needs to file as Head of Household status Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Taxes Affect Personal Finance Decisions AACSB: Analytical Thinking 17) The movement into a higher tax bracket as a result of inflation increasing wages is called B) bracket migration. A) bracket climbing. C) bracket creep. D) bracket shifting. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Tax Brackets AACSB: Analytical Thinking 18) If you are an unmarried taxpayer, with at least one child or dependent living with you, your filing status should be A) single. B) surviving spouse. C) married filing separately. D) head of household. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 19) Assets you own, including such items as stocks, bonds, or real estate, are commonly termed A) capital assets. B) monetary assets. C) current assets. D) intangible assets. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Capital Asset AACSB: Analytical Thinking 20) Income on which the payment of taxes is postponed until some future date is called A) tax-delayed. B) tax-deferred. C) tax-postponed. D) tax-tardy. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Tax-Deferred AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 4 Tax Planning and Strategies 77 21) The percentage of the last dollar you earn that goes toward your taxes is your A) tax deferral rate. B) base tax rate. C) average tax rate. D) marginal tax rate. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Tax Rates AACSB: Analytical Thinking 22) Deductions calculated using the federal tax form ʺSchedule Aʺ which are totaled and then subtracted from taxable income are called A) itemized deductions. B) standard deductions. C) personal expenditures. D) personal exemptions. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Deductions AACSB: Analytical Thinking 23) An IRS-allowed reduction in your income for yourself, your spouse, and any dependents that is subtracted before you compute your taxes is called a(n) A) itemized exemptions. B) standard exemptions. C) marital exemptions. D) personal exemptions. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Deductions AACSB: Analytical Thinking 24) Expenditures that are subtracted in an effort to calculate the lowest possible taxable income are called A) exemptions. B) deductions. C) capital expenses. D) fixed expenses. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Deductions AACSB: Analytical Thinking 25) A tax system in which tax rates increase as income increases is called a(n) ________ system. A) progressive tax B) universal tax C) regressive tax D) prorated tax Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Progressive Tax AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 78 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 26) Three years ago you purchased a share of CompUTech stock for $32, which you could sell today at the current market price of $252. What would be your capital gain on the sale, ignoring commissions? A) $32 B) $220 C) $252 D) $284 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Capital Gains/Loss AACSB: Analytical Thinking 27) You purchased 100 shares of I-Tech stock for $40 per share 3 years ago. If you sold those shares today at the current market price of $150 per share, what would be your capital gain on the sale, ignoring all commissions? A) $110 B) $3,667 C) $7,333 D) $11,000 E) None of the above Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Capital Gains/Loss AACSB: Analytical Thinking 28) Five years ago, you purchased 200 shares of Go-Tech stock for $25 per share. If you sold those shares today at the current market price of $90 per share, what would be your capital gain on the sale, ignoring all commissions? A) $115 B) $4,290 C) $8,710 D) $13,000 Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Capital Gains/Loss AACSB: Analytical Thinking 29) Assume that you have a marginal tax rate of 28 percent, a state income tax rate of 4 percent, and have a city income tax rate of 1 percent. The tax for Social Security and Medicare is 7.65 percent. What would be the effective marginal tax rate on your last dollar of earnings? A) 28 percent B) 32 percent C) 33 percent D) 40.65 percent E) Cannot determine from the information provided Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Tax Rates AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 4 Tax Planning and Strategies 79 30) According the Keown book, most taxes–about ________ of individual income taxes–are collected through withholding from wages. A) 30 percent B) 50 percent C) 70 percent D) 90 percent Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 31) You and spouse are filing a joint return. Your current deductions have reduced your taxable income to $88,990, bringing you into the 25 percent tax bracket. The first dollars you earned will be taxed at the ________ tax bracket. A) 10 percent B) 15 percent C) 25 percent D) 33 percent Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Tax Brackets AACSB: Analytical Thinking 32) According to the Tax Policy Center, approximately ________ of American households did not pay any federal income taxes in the 2013 tax year. A) 15 percent B) 25 percent C) 33 percent D) 43 percent Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Tax Rates AACSB: Analytical Thinking 33) You and spouse are filing a joint return. Your current deductions have reduced your taxable income to $88,990, bringing you into the 25 percent tax bracket. The last dollars you earned will be taxed at the ________ tax bracket. A) 10 percent B) 15 percent C) 25 percent D) 33 percent Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Tax Brackets AACSB: Analytical Thinking 34) Which of the methods listed below is not used by the IRS as a tax collection mechanism? A) Paycheck withholdings B) Audits held in your home or office C) Quarterly estimated tax payments D) Payments sent with your tax return E) All of the above are used by the IRS to collect income taxes. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 80 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 35) Wilma Rudolph was given a cost of living raise and a merit raise at work this year. Her federal income taxes will be paid at 25% instead of 15%. Wilma has experienced A) bracket creep. B) the inflation trap. C) a capital gain. D) a higher personal exemption rate. E) an opportunity to change her filing status. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Tax Brackets AACSB: Analytical Thinking 36) Craig Ripley sold his stock in Gandy Corporation for a price less than what he paid for it. Craig will experience A) a capital loss tax. B) a capital gains tax. C) a capital gain. D) a capital loss. E) bracket creep. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Capital Gains/Loss AACSB: Analytical Thinking 37) Contributing $2,000 into a tax-deferred retirement plan in a 28% tax bracket will save A) $70. B) $140. C) $280. D) $560. E) It depends on the exemptions and deductions claimed. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Tax-Deferred AACSB: Analytical Thinking 38) Which of the following is an income tax filing status? A) Divorced filing spouse B) Married filing jointly and surviving spouses C) Head of divorced household D) All of the above are income tax filing statuses. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 4 Tax Planning and Strategies 81 39) The amount of income taxes that you actually pay is based upon your A) taxable income. B) adjusted gross income. C) gross income. D) taxable income minus exemptions and deductions. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Taxable Income AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 40) Which of the following is not allowed as a personal or dependency exemption? A) Yourself B) Your 26-year-old child, who lives at home and earns $27,000 a year C) Your spouse, if youʹre filing a joint return D) Your 75-year-old grandfather, whom you financially support Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Deductions AACSB: Analytical Thinking 41) Why might someone choose to use itemized deductions instead of taking the standard deduction offered by the IRS? A) It is easier to calculate your itemized deductions versus the standard deduction. B) You may have a lower tax liability if you itemize instead of using the standard deduction. C) Married taxpayers must use the itemized deductions only. D) Most computer tax software automatically itemizes deductions. E) both B and C are correct. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Deductions AACSB: Analytical Thinking 42) Understanding how tax planning affects your personal finances is actually important for most taxpayers, not just the wealthy, because A) many people donʹt take advantage of all the deductions and tax credits they are entitled to. B) many people pay higher taxes or receive smaller refunds than they need to. C) the average American spends close to one-third of the year earning the money necessary to pay his or her taxes. D) only choices A and B. E) all of the above choices. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Tax Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 82 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 43) Chase Cutter has a marginal tax rate of 33 percent, a state income tax rate of 3.5 percent, and a city income tax rate of 0.5 percent. The tax for Social Security and Medicare is 7.65 percent. What would be the effective marginal tax rate on your last dollar of earnings? A) 33 percent B) 36.5 percent C) 39.6 percent D) 44.65 percent Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 44) Why is tax planning so important? Answer: Most people donʹt seem to understand tax planning and donʹt keep up with all the changes in tax law. Many pay several thousand dollars more in income taxes than they really need to. The average American spends over one-third of each year earning money to pay taxes. Planning is vital to pay your fair share and to keep your fair share, regardless of income. In sum, tax planning is not just for the wealthy. Diff: 1 Topic: Tax Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 45) Name the categories of filing status. Answer: Single status, married filing jointly or surviving spouse, married filing separately, and head of household. Diff: 1 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 46) Explain the ways income taxes are paid or collected. Answer: Income taxes are generally paid as withholdings from paychecks. Other ways in which taxes are collected include quarterly estimated taxes sent to the IRS, payments with tax returns, and direct withholdings from stock dividends, retirement funds, and prizes or gambling winnings. Diff: 1 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 4 Tax Planning and Strategies 83 47) Describe the four filing status classifications. Answer: Married Filing Jointly and Surviving Spouses: You file a joint return with your spouse, combining incomes and deductions into a single return. If your spouse dies, you can still qualify for this status for up to two years after the year in which your spouse died if you have a dependent child living with you, you pay more than half the cost of keeping up your home, and you are not remarried. Of course, if you remarry, you can file a joint return with your new spouse. Married Filing Separately: Married couples also have the choice of filing separately.It is hard to say ahead of time whether you will do better filing jointly or separately. The best idea is to figure your taxes both ways and, of course, go with the lower number. This status is often used when a couple is separated or in the process of getting a divorce. Head of Household: Head of household status applies to someone who is unmarried and has at least one child or relative living with him or her. The advantage of this status is that your tax rate will be lower and your standard deduction will be higher than if you had filed with single status. To qualify for head of household status, you must be unmarried on the last day of the tax year, have paid more than half the cost of keeping up your home, and have had a child or dependent live with you for at least half of the year. Diff: 3 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Reflective Thinking 4.2 Other Taxes 1) Social Security is a voluntary insurance program administered by the federal government that provides for you and your family in the event of death, disability, health problems, or retirement. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Social Security AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) The Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) tax deducted from your salary goes to pay for unemployment insurance. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 3) If you are self-employed, you have to pay both the employer and employee portions of FICA, for a total rate of 20 percent. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 84 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 4) Excise taxes A) are imposed on specific purchases, such as alcohol and cigarettes. B) are often aimed at reducing the consumption of the items being taxed. C) are referred to as ʺsin taxesʺ in some cases. D) all of the above. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Tax Rates AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) FICA deductions from your paycheck are for which mandatory federal insurance programs? A) Unemployment benefits B) Social Security C) Medicare D) Medicaid E) Both B and C Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Social Security AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) The FICA tax is typically deducted from your salary at a rate of ________until your salary reaches a point where it is no longer taxed at the rate of ________ for Social Security. A) 6.20 percent; 1.45 percent B) 7.65 percent; 6.20 percent C) 15.3 percent; 7.65 percent D) 20 percent; 10 percent Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) For 2014, the federal tax code allows an estate valued at up to $5.34 million to be transferred tax free to any heir. If the estate is valued at more than $5.34 million, the amount over $5.34 million will be taxed at A) 25 percent. B) 30 percent. C) 40 percent. D) 55 percent. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4.3 Calculating Your Taxes 1) Tax credits reduce your taxes on a dollar-for-dollar basis. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Tax Credit AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 4 Tax Planning and Strategies 85 2) Standard deductions need yearlong record -keeping and thorough and accurate documentation. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Deductible AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) The health care premium credit is available to low-income taxpayers who purchased coverage through the Health Insurance Marketplace. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Tax Credit AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) The Lifetime Learning tax credit is designed to help all taxpayers get at least a two-year degree. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Tax Credit AACSB: Reflective Thinking 5) A personal exemption is an approved deduction that you can make on your tax return for each person supported by the income shown on your tax return. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Deductions AACSB: Information Technology 6) ________ income is from activities in which the taxpayer does not actively participate. A) Active B) Portfolio C) Passive D) Investment E) both C and D Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Taxable Income AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) A child tax credit reduces the federal income tax you owe by up to $1,000 for each qualifying child under the age of A) 15. B) 17. C) 19. D) 21. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Tax Credit AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 86 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 8) Your dependent is claimed as an approved exemption on ________ tax return. A) your B) his or her own C) the return they choose themselves D) all of the above E) none of the above Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Deductions AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) Which of the following statements about portfolio income from investments that are not held in a tax-deferred account, is accurate? A) It is also called investment income. B) It is normally in the form of dividends and interest. C) It must be reported on your tax return. D) It may be taxed at a lower rate than wages and salaries are. E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Taxable Income AACSB: Information Technology 10) Who must file a federal income tax return? A) Everyone with an earned income during the year B) All heads of household C) All American citizens D) Individuals whose income meets federal guidelines E) Only those who have to file a state income tax return Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Information Technology 11) Which of the following are permissible itemized tax deductions? A) Medical and dental expenses B) Casualty and theft losses C) Home mortgage interest D) Gifts to charity E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Deductions AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 4 Tax Planning and Strategies 87 12) From the list below choose the item that is not a permissible tax deduction. A) State, local, and real estate taxes B) Home equity loan interest on debt up to $100,000 C) Auto, truck, or van loan interest D) Interest on money borrowed to invest, within the IRS limits based on investment income E) Unreimbursed job-related expenses and tax preparation costs within the IRS limits Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Deductions AACSB: Information Technology 13) Which factors affect your choice between claiming itemized deductions and the standard deduction? A) Home ownership, as mortgage interest may exceed the standard deduction B) More deductible expenses this year than last year, as a result of unforeseen circumstances or planned ʺbunchingʺ of deductions C) Ease and simplicity of filing D) Year long recordkeeping to thoroughly and accurately document itemized deductions E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Deductions AACSB: Information Technology 14) Your base income tax liability can be determined by A) using the alternative minimum tax worksheet, aimed at preventing the wealthy from paying little or no taxes. B) using the IRS tax tables provided in the instruction booklet. C) using the IRS rate schedules for taxable incomes greater than $100,000. D) all of the above. E) none of the above. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Taxable Income AACSB: Information Technology 15) The earned income credit serves as a negative income tax and is available to A) anyone with an earned income as opposed to passive income. B) low-income taxpayers. C) only head of household status filers. D) only senior citizens below the poverty line. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Tax Credit AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 88 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 16) Danielle is a divorced single parent who is currently paying back a college loan, attending graduate school part-time, and working full-time earning $42,000. She has custody and provides all support for her child. Which of the following adjustments, deductions, or credits might apply to her? A) Adjustment for student loan interest B) Child tax credit C) Child and dependent care credit D) Lifetime learning tax credit E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Deductions AACSB: Analytical Thinking 17) You wish to make a charitable contribution of $2,000 to a qualified organization. You are currently in the 28 percent marginal tax bracket. By how much would this contribution lower your tax bill assuming your other itemized deductions exceed the standard deduction? A) $280.00 B) $560.00 C) $1,440.00 D) $2,000.00 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Deductions AACSB: Analytical Thinking 18) You and your spouse have earned salary and wages of $41,750. In addition you have municipal bond interest income of $600 and savings account and certificate of deposit interest income of $800. You paid a total of $600 in interest on your student loan. Using only this information, what is your adjusted gross income for tax purposes? A) $43,150 B) $42,550 C) $42,350 D) $41,950 Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Adjusted Gross Income AACSB: Analytical Thinking 19) Income that comes from wages or a business is called A) investment income. B) active income. C) passive income. D) portfolio income. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Taxable Income AACSB: Information Technology 20) Which of the following would offset your tax liability in a direct dollar for dollar manner and may actually increase your tax refund beyond the amount paid during the tax year? A) Tax exemption B) Tax deduction C) Tax credit D) Tax adjustment Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Tax Credit AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 4 Tax Planning and Strategies 89 21) Leticia is a single person who makes $45,000 per year. This year she paid $2,000 in student loan interest, $1,500 in medical expenses, $7,200 in rent and $4,800 in car loan payments. She contributes $3,600 per year to her 401(k) plan at work. Give her some tax advice. A) Single people should always take the standard deduction. B) People who have medical expenses should always itemize their deductions. C) Calculate your taxes using both methods to see which provides a greater deduction. D) You should itemize if you pay interest, since interest of any kind is tax deductible. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Taxes Affect Personal Finance Decisions AACSB: Reflective Thinking Karen and Jeffrey Bosteins Karen and her husband, Jeffrey, are facing a new income tax situation this year. She is a corporate accountant and Jeffrey is an engineer. Their gross salaries total $89,000. Both graduated from four -year universities five years ago and are still paying off large student loans. She is now attending school part -time to prepare for the CPA exam. The Bosteins incurred considerable expenses in the process of adopting an infant this year, and they have the ongoing expense of daycare. In January of last year they closed on their new home. Although trained as an accountant, Karenʹs work has not involved income tax preparation. Help them consider the following questions. 22) Which of the following credits would not apply to the Bosteins? A) Adoption credit B) Health care premium credit (childrenʹs version) C) Child and dependent care credit D) Lifetime Learning tax credit Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Tax Credit AACSB: Analytical Thinking 23) Additional items that may reduce the Bosteinsʹ tax burden might include A) the child credit. B) adjustment for the interest on their college loans. C) earned income credit. D) both A and B. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Tax Credit AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 90 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 24) The Bosteins A) have no dependents to declare. B) should use the married filing separately filing status. C) should calculate their taxes itemizing and taking the standard deduction to see which is greater. D) none of the above. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Deductions AACSB: Information Technology 25) With a growing family, Karen and Jeffrey know they should start investing more to provide for a secure future. Which of the following issues should they consider as they plan? A) Interest paid on money borrowed to invest is an itemized deduction. B) Contributions to tax-deferred retirement accounts avoid taxes in the current year and grow tax-free until the time of withdrawal. C) Qualified dividends and capital gains are taxed at a lower rate than ordinary income. D) Municipal bond earnings are exempt from federal income tax. E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Tax Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking 26) Since their taxes are becoming more complex, Jeffrey and Karen are concerned about making a mistake or getting audited. They should A) consult IRS Publication 17, Your Federal Income Tax, the IRS toll-free ʺhotline,ʺ or one of the self-help tax publications to learn more about their tax situation. B) choose an independent tax specialist to prepare their taxes, because there is more consistency in their training and the quality for their work than that of nationally affiliated specialists. C) remember that the key to winning an audit is good records to verify the tax form information. D) Only choices A and C. E) All of the above choices. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 4 Tax Planning and Strategies 91 Joseph Imamura For many years Joseph paid someone else to file his income tax return. After taking a personal finance course at his local college, Joseph feels he is ready to tackle it on his own for tax year 2014. Joseph is single with an income of $43,000 and has no dependents. He has little interest income from savings, does not have a personal IRA, and plans to itemize deductions. Joseph owns a home and travels a lot with his job. He pays some of his own work-related expenses because his employer does not pay for all of them. His only personal investments include 1,500 shares of stock he inherited from his uncle, which he does not intend to sell for many years because the blue-chip company has a strong history of dividend income and share price appreciation. However, he does contribute monthly to his 401(k) plan at work. 27) To help Joseph with his tax planning, he should carefully track and maintain records for all of the following expenses during the tax year except A) all expenses for prescribed health care needs that are not covered by insurance. B) all job related expenses, especially those that are and are not reimbursed by his employer. C) state and local income taxes, real estate taxes, and personal property taxes. D) price appreciation, or increases from January 1 to December 31, for the 1,500 shares of stock he owns. E) all of the above. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Capital Gains/Loss AACSB: Analytical Thinking 28) Which of the following tax planning strategies could Joseph consider to reduce his future tax bills? A) Carefully track and maintain records for all itemized deduction categories to insure he is maximizing his itemized deductions. B) Establish a home equity credit line to finance other consumer credit, such as an auto purchase. C) Contribute as much as possible to a tax-deferred retirement account, such as his 401(k). D) Invest in municipal bonds to receive tax-exempt income. E) All of the above would be strategies available to Joseph to reduce his future taxes. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 29) Joseph can qualify for all of the following except the A) mortgage interest payments deduction. B) deduction for unreimbursed job-related expenses that are in excess of 2 percent of AGI. C) Lifetime Learning Credit. D) real estate property taxes deduction. E) Joseph can qualify for all of the above to reduce his tax liability. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Deductions AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 92 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e Samuel Ahn Samuel Ahn recently graduated from college and started working in a promising career field. He has a little money invested in a stock that pays no dividends. He lives in an apartment, is single, and has no dependents. He has a $22,000 student loan balance and he paid $800 interest in 2014. He is considering going back to school part-time for some additional computer classes. He does not have a personal IRA, and he contributed 2 percent of his $39,500 salary to his employerʹs 401(k) plan in 2014. As he completes his tax return for 2014, use the information above and below to help him answer the following questions. Standard deduction for 2014: $6,200 Personal exemption for 2014: $3,950 Tax brackets for 2014: Taxable income range Up to $9,075 More than $9,075 but under $36,900 More than $36,900 but under $89,350 Tax rate 10 percent 15 percent 25 percent 30) What is Samuelʹs gross income for 2014? A) $35,250 C) $39,500 B) $22,500 D) Not enough information to determine Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 31) What is Samuelʹs adjusted gross income for 2014? A) $39,500 B) $32,500 C) $37,910 D) $38,700 C) $33,300 D) $27,760 C) $4,541.25 D) $3,948.75 Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Adjusted Gross Income AACSB: Analytical Thinking 32) What is Samuelʹs taxable income for 2014? A) $38,700 B) $29,350 Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Taxable Income AACSB: Analytical Thinking 33) What is Samuelʹs total tax liability for 2014? A) $5,351.25 B) $3,710.25 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Marginal Tax Rate AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 4 Tax Planning and Strategies 93 34) What is Samuelʹs marginal tax rate for his current level of taxable income? A) 10% B) 15% C) 12.5% D) 25% Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Marginal Tax Rate AACSB: Analytical Thinking 35) Samuelʹs average tax rate for 2014 is closest to which of the following? A) 10% B) 15% C) 12.5% D) 25% Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Marginal Tax Rate AACSB: Analytical Thinking 36) Based on Samuelʹs completed tax return, what advice would you give him to lower his tax liability for 2015? A) He should take the computer classes in 2015. B) He should sell his stock. C) He should increase his contributions to the 401(k) plan at work. D) He should get a roommate and claim him as a dependant. E) Both A and C are good advice. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Principle 4: Taxes affect personal finance decisions AACSB: Analytical Thinking Richard and Katarina Bajorshik Katarina and Richard are a busy young couple with a son, Caleb, who is 6 and twin daughters, Stacy and Casey, who are actively exploring the world as four-year-olds. Before the twins were born, Katarina and Richard bought their first home with plenty of indoor and outdoor space for a growing young family. The Bajorshiks are concerned about their 2014 tax issues, but they are also committed to planning for the future of their family. Next year Richard should be able to pay off the remaining balance of his law school student loans. Contributing to Richardʹs Roth IRA is an annual priority. The following information reflects tax year 2014. Gross income Student loan interest Richardʹs traditional IRA Total itemized deductions Standard deduction for 2014 Personal exemption amount Marginal tax bracket $98,712 $1,965 $1,500 $12,000 $12,400 $3,950 25% 37) What is the Bajorshiksʹ adjusted gross income? A) $98,712 B) $97,212 C) $96,747 D) $95,247 Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Adjusted Gross Income AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. E) $83,462 94 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 38) Approximately how much will the Bajorshiks save in 2014 income tax payments as a result of Richardʹs student loan interest? A) $1,965.00 B) $196.50 C) $491.25 D) $1,473.75 E) $0 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Deductions AACSB: Analytical Thinking 39) Richard and Katarinaʹs filing status should be A) head of household. B) married filing jointly. C) married filing separately. D) single. E) surviving spouse. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Information Technology 40) What is Richard and Katarinaʹs taxable income? A) $63,097 B) $63,497 C) $79,297 D) $83,247 E) $98,712 Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Taxable Income AACSB: Analytical Thinking 41) Although Richard and Katarina are a happily married couple, they joke that they could not possibly remarry for at least two years following the year of the death of the other spouse because A) the surviving spouse would lose the tax advantage of married filing jointly status, assuming at least one child was still a dependent and the surviving spouse was paying more than half the cost of keeping up the home. B) the surviving spouse would lose the exemption amount for the deceased spouse. C) the surviving spouse would have to file as head of household. D) neither spouse has sufficient life insurance to provide for the family. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Reflective Thinking 42) If the Bajorshiksʹ income does not exceed the phase-out level of $110,000 in 2014, by how much will the child tax credit reduce their tax liability? A) Their tax liability will be reduced by $750. B) Their tax liability will be reduced by $2,000. C) Their tax liability will be reduced by $2,100. D) Their tax liability will be reduced by $3,000. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Tax Credit AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 4 Tax Planning and Strategies 95 43) Katarina worked as an ER nurse, and knows that demand for the job is high. However, prior to returning to work, when the twins enter kindergarten, she will need to take classes on the latest technological advancements. Which of the following tax planning strategies should the Bajorshiks consider as they plan their financial future? A) When Katrina returns to school, they should track school-related expenses and determine eligibility for the Lifetime Learning credit. B) While the children are under age 13, the Bajorshiks should track childcare expenses and determine eligibility for the child and dependent care credit. C) Both A and B are legitimate tax planning strategies that the couple should consider. D) Neither A nor B is a tax planning strategy that is relevant to this coupleʹs situation. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Tax Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 44) Name and describe the four general categories that reduce your taxable income, therefore reducing your tax liability. Answer: Adjustments to income allow certain legal reductions in gross income. Examples include IRA contributions, moving expenses, self-employment tax and retirement plans, and alimony payments. Itemized deductions consist of medical and dental expenses, state, local, and real estate taxes, home mortgage and investment interest payments, gifts to charity, theft and casualty losses, and miscellaneous deductions. As an alternative to itemizing deductions, the standard deduction may be used. Personal and dependency exemptions serve to further reduce taxable income. Finally, credits are subtracted directly from the tax liability, and while most credits are non-refundable, a few, such as the earned income credit allow for a refund in excess of taxes paid. Examples of credits include child and dependent care expenses, hope scholarship credit, lifetime learning credit, child credit, the earned income credit., adoption credit, and the health care premium credit. Note that the standard deduction amount and the exemption amount are adjusted upward annually in response to inflation. Diff: 2 Topic: Taxable Income AACSB: Reflective Thinking 45) Explain how to calculate your taxable income, and how to determine the need for a tax payment or refund. Answer: First, calculate total gross income by adding income from all taxable sources. Next, subtract all adjustments, deductions (the itemized or standard amount), and exemptions to calculate taxable income. On the basis of your taxable income, use the tax tables or tax rate to determine your tax liability and then apply any tax credits that may apply. If the amount of your tax liability is greater than the taxes withheld from you, then you owe the IRS a tax payment for the difference. If the tax liability is smaller than what was already withheld, then you are due a tax refund. Diff: 2 Topic: Taxable Income AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 96 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 46) Name the sources of tax-free income. Answer: These sources include interest on municipal bonds, tax-free money market funds, gifts, child support payments, welfare benefits, workersʹ compensation benefits, veteransʹ benefits, federal income tax refunds, certain Social Security benefits, interest earned inside a life insurance policy, earnings on an IRA, and inheritances. Diff: 1 Topic: Taxable Income AACSB: Information Technology 47) Explain the concept of using the standard deduction or using itemized deductions. Answer: The alternative to itemizing deductions is to take the standard deduction. The standard deduction is the best estimate by the government of what the average person would be able to deduct by itemizing. You donʹt need to figure your expenses and provide receipts or justification. The standard deduction varies based on your filing status. Many people have different situations that differentiates them from the average person. Diff: 2 Topic: Deductions AACSB: Analytical Thinking 48) Why are the various tax ʺcreditsʺ such a welcome relief? Answer: Tax credits are subtracted directly from taxes due on a dollar -for-dollar basis. The credits are not a deduction from income or a percentage of some entry in the tax form. Your final income tax liability represents your base income tax less your tax credits. The bottom line is a major savings in the tax burden. Diff: 2 Topic: Tax Credit AACSB: Information Technology 49) What combination of deductions and exemptions can the typical full -time college student who is employed during the summer, or perhaps during the school year, claim? Why? Answer: The typical employed full-time college student, who is claimed as a dependency exemption by his or her parents, can only claim the standard deduction to reduce tax liability. A dependency exemption cannot be claimed for anyone who earns more than the exemption amount. However, the income test does not apply to children under the age of 19 or to full-time college students under the age of 24. Finally, the parents must provide over half of the studentʹs support. Given the relationship, income, support, and citizenship test, the parents can claim the dependent exemption. Because only one exemption can be claimed on any tax form, the typical full-time college student is limited to using the standard deduction to reduce his or her taxable income, and ultimately the tax liability. Diff: 3 Topic: Deductions AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 4 Tax Planning and Strategies 97 4.4 Other Filing Considerations 1) A key to calculating your taxes is deciding which Form 1050 to use: 1050EZ, 1050A, or 1050. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) Form 1040EZ is aimed at those who have no dependents, whose taxable income is more than $100,000 per year, and who donʹt itemize their deductions. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) Which of the following is an advantage of filing electronically? A) Faster refunds B) Quick electronic confirmation C) More accurate returns D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) Free File is configured in a way that allows ________ of U.S. taxpayers who are eligible to use it. A) 25 percent B) 50 percent C) 70 percent D) 85 percent Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) Which of the statements about audits is false? A) 1 percent of individual taxpayers are audited. B) 23.57 percent of individuals earning between $500,000 and $1 million are audited. C) 8.9 percent of individuals earning between $1 million and $5 million are audited. D) 27.37 percent of individuals earning more than $10 million are audited. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Audit AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 98 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 6) Suppose that you are not able to complete your tax returns by April 15. Which of the following statements is most accurate? A) You must provide adequate need in tax court, requesting extension of the deadline. B) You can apply for an automatic extension no questions asked, but you must enclose a check in payment for estimated taxes due. C) You may have an extension, and the taxes are not due until the extension expires. D) You do not have to pay interest on any taxes due on April 15, provided that you have filed for and have an approved extension prior to April 1 of the tax year. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) The deadline to file your income tax return is ________ although an automatic extension may be filed. A) March 15 B) March 30 C) April 15 D) April 30 Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8) If you are unable to file your tax returns by the deadline, you may file form 4868, Application for Automatic Extension of Time, and receive an extension of up to four months A) upon approval. B) automatically. C) if you meet the IRS requirements. D) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) If you made a mistake, an amended tax return may be filed on Form A) 1040. B) 1040A. C) 1040X. D) 1040ZX. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Information Technology 10) Which of the following is a reason or reasons for the IRS to audit your tax return? A) You were randomly selected as a matter of routine audits. B) You were audited in the past. C) There is something suspicious on your return. D) You earn a lot of money. E) any or all of the above Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Audit AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. E) 1040EZ. Chapter 4 Tax Planning and Strategies 99 11) Six schedules are commonly used by taxpayers filing Form 1040. Give the title of each of these six basic schedules: A, B, C, D, E, EIC. Answer: Schedule A: Itemized Deductions Schedule B: Interest and Dividend Income Schedule C: Profit or Loss from Business Schedule D: Capital Gains and Losses Schedule E: Supplemental Income and Loss Schedule EIC: Earned Income Credit Diff: 2 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Reflective Thinking 12) What are the benefits of filing taxes electronically? Answer: Faster refunds: Direct deposit can speed refunds to e-filers in as few as 10 days. More accurate returns: IRS computers quickly and automatically check for errors or other missing information, making e-filed returns more accurate and reducing the chance of receiving an error letter from the IRS. Quick electronic confirmation: Computer e-filers receive an acknowledgment that the IRS has received their returns. Reduced paperwork and the use of electronic signatures: There is nothing to mail to the IRS. Diff: 3 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4.5 Model Taxpayers: The Taylors File Their 2013 Return 1) In chapter 4, Dianne Taylor won a 2013 Honda Accord on ʺThe Price is Rightʺ TV show. She has to pay taxes on her prize. The taxes are based on the carʹs ________ value. A) fair market B) residual C) manufacturerʹs suggested retail price D) invoice Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) Gross income is another name for ________ income. A) expected B) total C) net Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Income Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. D) value added 100 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 3) Which indicates the correct order for completing your tax returns? A) Claim exemptions, calculate total tax, subtract deductions, subtract adjustments, determine gross income B) Subtract deductions, calculate total tax, claim exemptions, determine gross income, subtract adjustments C) Determine gross income, subtract adjustments, subtract deductions, claim exemptions, calculate total tax D) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) For the Taylors, in chapter 4, they are allowed to take a tax credit of $1,000 per dependent child off of their A) total tax owed. B) exemptions counted. C) adjustments retained. D) net income. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4.6 Tax Strategies to Lower Your Taxes 1) Claire currently makes $30,000 per year and is in a 15% tax bracket. If she contributes $1,800 to her 401(k) plan at work, by how much will this lower her tax liability? A) $270 B) $1,800 C) $4,500 D) $4,230 Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) Elizabeth currently makes $45,000 per year and is in a 25% tax bracket. If she contributes $2,400 to her 401(k) plan at work, by how much will this lower her taxable income? A) $7,500 B) $600 C) $2,400 D) $11,250 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Deductions AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) If youʹre in the 15% marginal tax bracket, what is the equivalent taxable yield on an 8% municipal bond? A) 9.41% B) 6.96% C) 8.15% D) 8.70% Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Deductions AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 4 Tax Planning and Strategies 101 4) If youʹre in the 25% marginal tax bracket, what is the equivalent taxable yield on an 10% municipal bond? A) 11.76 B) 13.33 C) 4.00 D) 12.50 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Deductions AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) When considering a principal residence as a tax shelter, remember that you can A) purchase a house and deduct the mortgage interest. B) maintain and improve your home, as $500,000 of capital gains for couples and $250,000 of capital gains for single filers is exempt from taxation. C) take out a home equity loan to pay for other debts, such as auto financing. D) use all of these tax-saving strategies. E) only A and C. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) Which of the following is a source of tax-free income? A) Welfare benefits B) Earnings on your IRA C) Federal income tax refunds D) Child support payments E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Taxable Income AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) A source of tax-free income is A) interest on municipal bonds. B) inheritances. C) foreign income incurred by U.S. citizens living and working abroad. D) All of the above are sources of tax-free income. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Taxable Income AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8) What are the five general tax strategies in tax planning? Answer: -Maximize your deductions. -Look to capital gains and dividend income, especially if you are in the top tax bracket. -Shift income to family members in lower tax brackets. -Seek out tax-exempt income. -Defer taxes to the future. Diff: 3 Topic: Tax Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 102 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 9) What are two tax advantages of tax-deferred retirement plans? Answer: (1) You donʹt pay taxes on the money you invest until such time as funds are withdrawn from the retirement account resulting in recognition of taxable income. (2) You donʹt pay interest on the earnings from your retirement account until such time as funds are withdrawn from the retirement account resulting in recognition of taxable income. Diff: 1 Topic: Tax Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking 10) Strategies for maximizing deductions center on what three tactics? Answer: (1) Using tax-deferred retirement programs to reduce taxes. (2) Using your home as a tax shelter. (3) Shifting and bunching deductions. Each of these tactics has the same goal: to reduce taxable income to its minimum level. Diff: 2 Topic: Deductions AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 5 Cash or Liquid Asset Management 5.1 Managing Liquid Assets 1) Two advantages of carrying cash are that itʹs easy to spend and many times you can even recall where you spent it. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Cash Management AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) One way to think of liquid assets is as a reservoir, with money moving in as wages are received and moving out as living expenses are paid. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Liquid Assets AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) Because liquid assets can be turned into cash quickly and with little loss, they have little risk associated with them and therefore provide a low rate of return for the consumer. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Cash Management AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) Liquid assets allow you to cover unplanned expenses without having to interrupt your long-term investments or liquidate any tangible assets. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Liquid Assets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) Keeping your funds in liquid assets is riskier than keeping them in illiquid assets and therefore investors require a higher expected rate of return on liquid assets. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Liquid Assets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) How do you compare cash management alternatives to determine which is best for you? A) Compare returns using comparable interest rates. B) Take into account their tax status. C) Consider their safety or risk. D) All of the above are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Cash Management AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 104 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 7) Cash and investments that can be easily converted into cash are termed A) capital assets. B) liquid assets. C) illiquid assets. D) depositable assets. E) None of the above are correct. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Liquid Assets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 8) Liquid assets or funds are important to A) cover unplanned expenses. B) prevent interrupting your long-term investments. C) prevent overdrafts in checking accounts. D) cover some planned expenses. E) All of the above are correct. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Liquid Assets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 9) According to the Keown book, one way to think of liquid assets is as a(n) A) reservoir, with money moving in as wages are received and moving out as living expenses are paid. B) apple tree farm: pick money off of the money tree whenever you need it. C) garden: plant the seeds and the green is readily available. D) wind current: easy come, easy go. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Liquid Assets AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) Which of the following characteristics apply to liquid assets? A) They are characterized by low returns. B) They involve low risk. C) The temptation to spend is greater. D) All of the above are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Liquid Assets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 5 Cash or Liquid Asset Management 105 11) What is involved with proper cash management? Answer: Nothing happens without a plan. You need to start off with a budget to determine what your monthly living expenses are and what your savings goals are. Once you determine how much money you need in an emergency fund, then you need to determine the best cash management options available to you. Do you need a checking account and what other options do you need like an ATM card, Debit card and overdraft protection. How much money do you need in your checking account to cover your living expenses and not have any overdraft fees. Next, you need to determine how liquid your savings accounts need to be for the rest of your emergency fund balance. Will an MMDA or a MMMF give you a better return and meet your liquidity needs? Should you give up some liquidity and purchase a CD and for how long? Your cash management goal is to maximize your return while maintaining liquidity and minimizing transaction costs. Diff: 3 Topic: Cash Management AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 12) Why are liquid assets important in cash management? Answer: Cash management begins and ends with liquid assets. Keeping some money in liquid assets is necessary for paying bills, normal living expenses, emergencies, and to prevent dipping into long-term investments. Diff: 2 Topic: Liquid Assets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 13) What is a risk associated with keeping liquid assets? Answer: One risk is the more cash you have, the more youʹre tempted to spend. Access to cash or even credit can open the door to impulse purchasing. This is the downside of liquidity, which can also affect your cash management and budget. Cash management doesnʹt only involve deciding where to keep your cash; it involves managing your money and staying within your budget. Diff: 2 Topic: Liquid Assets AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5.2 Automating Savings: Pay Yourself First 1) It is best for college students to wait and begin saving once they are ʺmaking more money.ʺ Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Pay Yourself First AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) When you automate your savings you are less likely to spend those dollars because they never become part of the funds in your checking account. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Cash Management AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 106 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 3) It is wise to wait until you are earning a substantial amount of money before you establish a disciplined financial plan for your future. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Cash Management AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) When college students start saving early A) in an account earning interest, they immediately put their money to work. B) by automating their savings, they are less likely to spend money. C) they can take advantage of the time value of money and achieve their financial goals. D) all of the above. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Pay Yourself First AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) List two ways to pay yourself first. Answer: You can easily use cash-management alternatives to automate your savings by having income automatically deducted from your paycheck and placed into savings. You can be financially disciplined and set aside money from every paycheck, monetary gift, or other source of income. If money touches your hands, your first thought should be to set aside a percentage in an interest-bearing account. Pay yourself first! Diff: 3 Topic: Pay Yourself First AACSB: Reflective Thinking 5.3 Financial Institutions 1) With online banking, you are able to access your accounts and conduct business transactions through the Internet, your mobile phone, and devices. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Checking Accounts AACSB: Information Technology 2) Nondeposit-type financial institutions are commonly referred to as mutual funds and brokerage firms. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: ATM AACSB: Information Technology 3) The deregulation of the 1980s has allowed brokerage firms to offer traditional banking services, and has also let banks offer services formerly found only at investment companies. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Institutions AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 5 Cash or Liquid Asset Management 107 4) Online banking simplifies cash management and budgeting for consumers. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Cash Management AACSB: Information Technology 5) Credit unions and Internet-only banks typically offer more attractive interest rates to both borrowers and savers. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Institutions AACSB: Information Technology 6) Brick-and-mortar banks typically offer superior interest rates for borrowers and savers. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Institutions AACSB: Reflective Thinking 7) What is the name of an investment company that raises funds from investors, pools the money, and invests in stocks or bonds? A) Stockbrokerage firm B) Bond brokerage firm C) Mutual fund firm D) Securities fund firm Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Mutual Funds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 8) Which of the following financial institutions is a not-for-profit organization that is open only to members of that institution and tends to offer more favorable interest rates to borrowers and savers? A) Savings bank B) Commercial bank C) Savings and loan association D) Credit union E) None of the above are correct. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Savings and Loans / Thrifts AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 9) Which of the following financial institutions were originally established to provide mortgage loans to depositors? A) Commercial banks B) Savings and loan associations C) Internet banks D) Credit unions Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Savings and Loans / Thrifts AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 108 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 10) Financial institutions that provide traditional checking and savings accounts are commonly referred to as A) deposit-type financial institutions. B) nondeposit-type financial institutions. C) personal depository institutions. D) financial brokerage companies. E) None of the above are correct. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Institutions AACSB: Information Technology 11) Credit unions and Internet-only banks typically offer A) more attractive interest rates to both borrowers and savers. B) less attractive interest rates to both borrowers and savers. C) the same interest rates as brick-and-mortar banks. D) Both A and C are correct. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Institutions AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) Which of the following is an advantage of online and mobile banking? A) The potential for subpar customer service B) Accessibility to and management of your accounts C) Minimal start-up time to establish access D) Only operational during business hours Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Online and Mobile Banking AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) Online and mobile banking allows you to do the following A) access your accounts at any time of day. B) transfer funds between accounts. C) pay bills and receive payments online. D) all of the above. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Online and Mobile Banking AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14) List the common deposit-type financial institutions. Answer: - Commercial banks - Savings and Loan Associations - Savings banks - Credit unions Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Institutions AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 5 Cash or Liquid Asset Management 109 15) Once you have examined a financial institutionʹs service and convenience you will want to ask three questions about their cash management alternatives. What are they? Answer: - What is the safety or risk involved? - How will they correlate with my tax status? - What is their comparable rate of return? Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Institutions AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) What are the four questions you should answer when looking for a financial institution? Answer: You will want to know if it offers the kind of service you need and want. You will ask if your money will be safe. The costs and returns associated with the services you want are concerns. Last, you will want to know if it offers the personal service and convenience you seek. Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Institutions AACSB: Reflective Thinking 17) Explain the advantages of credit unions. Are there any disadvantages to them? Answer: Credit unions enjoy a tax-exempt status because they are not-for-profit organizations. As such, they are generally able to operate on a more efficient, smaller scale and pay their depositors more than commercial banks. They tend to have lower fees and minimum balances associated with their accounts. Their loans tend to be at favorable rates. They tend to be handy, generally close to work, and offer many of the same services as banks. The one disadvantage is that they are reluctant to provide home mortgage loans. This could be a problem when all of your accounts are at the credit union and you must seek a home loan at an institution that is unfamiliar with you. Diff: 3 Topic: Savings and Loans / Thrifts AACSB: Reflective Thinking 18) List five features available through online and mobile banking. Answer: 1. Access your accounts at any time of day. 2. Check your balances and see when checks have cleared and deposits have been made. 3. Transfer funds between accounts. 4. Download your financial information directly into your personal financial or tax software. 5. Pay bills and receive payments online. Diff: 2 Topic: Online and Mobile Banking AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 110 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 19) Describe the advantages of online and mobile banking. Answer: Advantages of Online and Mobile Banking Personal financial management support: You can import data into a personal finance program such as Mint.com, Quicken, or TurboTax. Convenience: Anytime and anywhere, you can view and track your accounts, pay bills, and view up-to-the-minute credit card activity. Efficiency: From a single secure site, you can access and manage all of your bank accounts, including IRAs, CDs, and even securities, and transfer funds between your checking and savings accounts or to another customerʹs account. Effectiveness: Many online and mobile banking sites provide stock quotes, rate alerts, and personal financial management support, and allow you to import data into a personal finance program such as Mint.com. Diff: 3 Topic: Online and Mobile Banking AACSB: Reflective Thinking 20) Describe the disadvantages of online and mobile banking. Answer: Disadvantages of Online and Mobile Banking Start-up time: It takes time and effort to register for your bankʹs online and mobile program. If you are setting up an account together with a spouse, you may have to sign a durable power of attorney before the bank will display all of your holdings together. Adapting: Banking sites can be difficult to navigate at first, so expect to spend some time working through the tutorials or finding your way around the site or app. In addition, these sites periodically change, which may require reentering data. Feeling comfortable: Many people just donʹt feel comfortable banking online. Regardless of your comfort level, you should always print the transaction receipt and keep it with your bank records until the transaction shows up on your bank statement. Customer service: The potential for poor customer service is a downside to online and mobile banking. Diff: 3 Topic: Online and Mobile Banking AACSB: Reflective Thinking 5.4 Cash Management Alternatives 1) T-bills are extremely safe investments, having been issued by the federal government. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Treasury Bills AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) The interest rate earned on a money market deposit account is generally higher than the interest earned on a Bank savings account. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Deposit Accounts AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 5 Cash or Liquid Asset Management 111 3) One of the advantages of T-Bills is that they are exempt from federal taxes but subject to state income taxes. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Treasury Bills AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) What are short-term notes of debt issued by the federal government commonly called? A) T-Bills B) T-Notes C) T-Bonds D) T-Accounts Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Treasury Bills AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) What is the name for comprehensive financial services packages offered by brokerage firms? A) Asset management accounts B) Comprehensive management accounts C) Platinum management accounts D) Consolidated management accounts Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Cash Management AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) Money-market mutual funds (MMMFs) provide an alternative to traditional liquid investments offered by financial institutions. What are/is the advantage(s) of an MMMF? A) High interest rates B) Check-writing privileges C) Minimal risk D) Conveniencedeposits made through payroll deductions E) All of the above are correct. Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic: Deposit Accounts AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) A savings alternative that pays a fixed rate of interest while keeping your funds on deposit for a contracted period of time that can range from 30 days to several years is called a A) demand deposit. B) negotiable order of withdrawal deposit. C) term deposit. D) certificate of deposit. E) None of the above are correct. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Certificates of Deposit AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 112 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 8) What is another name for an interest-bearing checking account? A) DIFI B) IBC C) NOW D) CWI Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Deposit Accounts AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) Which of the following is not an advantage of a CD as a cash management alternative? A) CDs have fixed interest rates, which are beneficial if interest rates drop. B) CDs offer a wide selection of maturities. C) CDs are insured. D) CDs offer liquidity. E) CDs are convenient to purchase. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Certificates of Deposit AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) Pick the advantage of a certificates of deposit from this list of possibilities. A) The interest paid is compounded daily. B) Early withdrawals after 30 days do not incur a penalty. C) Interest rates are generally higher than typical savings accounts. D) They earn the APY and not the APR. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Certificates of Deposit AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) Money Market Deposit Accounts enjoy one advantage over savings accounts found in commercial banks. This advantage is A) a variable rate that is generally higher. B) lower fees and smaller minimum balances. C) greater liquidity. D) unlimited check-writing privileges. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Deposit Accounts AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) NOW accounts offer an option to traditional demand deposits. All of the following are characteristics of NOW accounts except one. Which is it? A) You must generally maintain high minimum balances. B) There is a monthly fee associated with them. C) The interest rate is generally higher than other savings accounts. D) The interest rate is generally lower than other cash management alternatives. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Deposit Accounts AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 5 Cash or Liquid Asset Management 113 13) Money market mutual funds provide attractive competition for bank deposits because A) their low fees are affordable for almost anyone. B) they are convenient to purchase and use. C) their short term, higher returns are generally regarded as practically risk -free. D) they are fully insured. E) None of the above are correct. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Funds AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14) Briefly describe each of the cash management alternatives discussed in this chapter. Answer: a. Demand deposit a type of checking account on which no interest is paid b. NOW account a checking account on which you earn interest on the balance c. Savings account a deposit account that pays interest d. Money market deposit account a bank account that provides a rate of interest that varies with the current market rate of interest e. Certificates of deposit savings alternatives that pay a fixed rate of interest while keeping the funds on deposit for a set period of time that can range from 30 days to several years f. Money market mutual funds mutual funds that invest in short-term (generally with a maturity of less than 90 days) notes of very high denomination g. Asset management account a comprehensive financial services package offered by a brokerage firm h. U.S. Treasury Bills or T-Bills short-term notes of debt issued by the federal government with maturities ranging from 1 month to 12 months i. Series EE bonds a type of government security that is actually a loan to the government on which you receive interest. The interest accrues every 6 months but generally the holders let it compound until they redeem the bond. Diff: 2 Topic: Cash Management AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5.5 Comparing Cash Management Alternatives 1) A tax free investment will always have a higher after -tax return than a taxable investment. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) The APY is the APR after taxes. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 114 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 3) The National Credit Union Association is a federal agency that insures deposits at credit unions. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Deposit Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) When comparing returns on cash management investment alternatives, it is important to make sure that the rates you compare are all on the same tax basis. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) The APY can never be the same as the APR. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) When you are considering different investment options and want to maximize your returns, be sure to compare the investmentsʹ A) quoted rates. B) APRs. C) APYs. D) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Annual Percentage Rate AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 7) The ________ converts interest rates compounded for different periods into comparable annual rates, allowing you to compare interest rates easily. A) APR B) APY C) YTD D) YAY Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Annual Percentage Rate AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 8) The Truth in Savings Act of 1993 A) helps investors compare interest rates on investment options. B) requires that all institutions publish only annually compounded APRs. C) ensures that all investments are federally insured. D) All of the above are correct. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Cash Management AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 5 Cash or Liquid Asset Management 115 9) You have $5,000 in a 36 month Certificate of Deposit that has an APR of 3.75%. If inflation averages 4.25% during these 36 months, what is the real return on your CD? A) 3.75 percent B) 8.0 percent C) Negative .50 percent D) Negative 8.0 percent Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Inflation AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) You are considering an MMMF. The fund is taxable and pays 8.5% interest. If your top federal tax bracket is 25% and you live in a state that doesnʹt impose income taxes, what after -tax return would you realize from this investment? A) 6.38% B) 2.13% C) 7.44% D) 8.25% Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Principle 4: Taxes affect personal finance decisions AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) What is the FDIC? A) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation B) Federal Deposit Insurance Collective C) Federal Depository Insurance Committee D) Federal Department of Insurance and Compensation E) None of the above are correct. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Deposit Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) You are examining two different MMMFs. Fund A is tax-exempt and pays 7%. Fund B is taxable and pays 9.5%. You live in a state that imposes no income taxes and you are in the 25% federal tax bracket. Which of these two alternatives is better? A) Find A is the better choice. B) Fund B is the better choice. C) Fund A and Fund B are equal so they both are a wise choice. D) Neither Fund A nor Fund B are wise choices. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 116 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 13) You are examining two different MMMFs. Fund A is tax-exempt and pays 5%. Fund B is taxable and pays 6%. You live in a state that imposes no income taxes and are in a 28% federal tax bracket. At what tax rate would the two funds have identical yields? A) 16.67% B) 17.76% C) 20.23% D) 28.00% E) Cannot determine from the information provided Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14) You are considering the purchase of one of two different investments. Investment A is tax exempt and pays 6%. Investment B is taxable and pays 8.33%. You live in a state that imposes no income taxes and are in a 28% federal tax bracket and want to earn the highest after tax return possible. Which of the following is true? (round to two decimal places) A) Investment A is preferred. B) Investment B is preferred. C) Investments A and B have identical after tax yields. D) Investments A and B have identical APYs. E) Not enough information has been provided. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking 15) Why is it important to convert interest rates into the APY on different accounts and with different banks? A) Some banks and accounts pay higher advertised rates. B) The same advertised rate will vary with different compounding periods. C) The Truth in Savings Act of 1993 omits this comparison. D) With FDIC Banks it is not necessary to convert interest rates for comparison. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) Please choose the method to use when calculating the after -tax return. A) Taxable return (1 + marginal tax rate) - nontaxable return B) Taxable return (marginal tax rate - 1) - nontaxable return C) Nontaxable return (1 - marginal tax rate) + taxable return D) Taxable return (1 - marginal tax rate) + nontaxable return E) Nontaxable return (1 + marginal tax rate) - taxable return Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 5 Cash or Liquid Asset Management 117 17) What is the importance of the APY? Answer: Understanding the impact of compounding frequency on the actual or effective rate of return is essential to Personal Finance. There are many different investment options available at different Institutions that make it hard to determine which is the best one for you. By converting the APRs into APYs it allows you to make the best choice to maximize your returns. Diff: 2 Topic: Returns AACSB: Reflective Thinking 5.6 Establishing and Using a Checking Account 1) Your bank may offer a line of credit, a credit card, or a link to your savings account to cover transactions when you overdraw your account. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Institutions AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) For a consumer who does not have a checking account a prepaid debit card is a means of paying for goods and services. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Checking Accounts AACSB: Information Technology 3) If you only use your debit card and ATM card and rarely write paper checks, overdraft protection is still a good thing to have. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Checking Accounts AACSB: Reflective Thinking 4) A travelerʹs check is a personal check that has been certified as being good by the financial institution on which it is drawn. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Institutions AACSB: Information Technology 5) Overdraft protection is an automatic loan made to your checking account whenever your account does not contain enough cash to cover the checks that you have written against it. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Checking Accounts AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 118 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 6) A money order is typically less liquid than a personal check. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Liquid Assets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 7) When you use your debit card or ATM card, you should enter the transaction into your check register. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Checking Accounts AACSB: Reflective Thinking 8) Many banks offer free checking accounts. What may be the opportunity costs associated with free checking? A) Low interest rates B) Overdraft protection C) High minimum balance requirements D) Both A and C are correct answers. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Checking Accounts AACSB: Information Technology 9) With online banking and EFT, many people donʹt really need checks anymore. If you seldom need a paper check for transactions, what option is available to you that may be cheaper than maintaining a checking account? A) Certified checks B) Cashiers checks C) Money orders D) Both B and C are good options. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Checking Accounts AACSB: Information Technology 10) Suppose that you go to a bank at which you have no account, give the bank cash, and in return obtain a check drawn against that bank which you will use to pay someone else. This is called a A) cashierʹs check. B) certified check. C) travelerʹs check. D) None of the above are correct. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Cashierʹs Check AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 5 Cash or Liquid Asset Management 119 11) What is the name for an automatic loan made to your checking account whenever your account does not contain enough cash to cover the checks that you have written against it? A) No fee checking coverage B) Overdraft protection C) Automatic check coverage (ACC) D) Draft-free checking E) None of the above are correct answers. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Overdraft Protection AACSB: Information Technology 12) Which of the following is not a common fee arrangement for checking accounts? A) Monthly fee B) Minimum balance requirement C) Variable interest rates to reflect fee activity D) Charge per check E) Balance-dependent scaled fees Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Checking Accounts AACSB: Information Technology 13) Four banking conveniences are listed below. Which one is not typical? A) Safety deposit boxes B) Online banking services C) Direct deposit D) Overdraft protection E) All of the above are typical banking conveniences. Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Institutions AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14) Brenda White had her bank certify one of her personal checks as being good. Which type of check has been issued? A) Travelerʹs check B) Certified check C) Cashierʹs check D) Money order E) Audited check Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Certified Check AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 120 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 15) Name the three Cs of choosing a financial institution. Answer: a. cost b. convenience c. consideration Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Institutions AACSB: Reflective Thinking 5.7 Electronic Funds Transfers 1) A debit card is the same thing as a smart card. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Debit Cards AACSB: Information Technology 2) Virginia Techʹs Hokie Passport is an example of a smart card. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Smart Card AACSB: Information Technology 3) A debit card, also known as a memory card, can hold ID information, insurance information, and medical history. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Debit Cards AACSB: Information Technology 4) Card-blocking occurs when you use a debit card (or credit card) to check into a hotel or rent a car and the anticipated expenses are blocked–in effect, placing a hold on the money. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Debit Cards AACSB: Information Technology 5) A store-valued card, only used at one store for one purpose, is known as an ʺopen -loopʺ card. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Debit Cards AACSB: Information Technology 6) A debit card is something of a cross between a credit card and a checking account. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: ATM AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 5 Cash or Liquid Asset Management 121 7) Electronic funds transfer applies to which of the following? A) Debit cards B) Smart cards C) Direct deposit D) ATM E) All of the above are correct answers. Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic: Electronic Funds Transfer AACSB: Information Technology 8) When using an ATM, keep in mind that A) computer errors can occur. B) it is never safe to deposit cash in an ATM. C) you should report electronic transaction mistakes to the bank immediately. D) human problems in handling the transactions can occur. E) All of the above are correct. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: ATM AACSB: Reflective Thinking 9) Your bank, First Bank, charges you $1.50 every time you use an ATM that is not owned by them. Unfortunately, there is no First Bank ATM near your school. There is a Second Bank ATM in the Student Center, which you use several times a week to withdraw $10 at a time for lunch, video games, etc. What is the best piece of advice regarding these transactions? A) They will make it hard to balance your account since these transactions wonʹt show up on your monthly statements. B) Theyʹre OK as long as you enter the transactions in your check register. C) Avoid them since you are effectively paying 15% interest to access your cash. D) Make sure you have overdraft protection on your account. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: ATM AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 122 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e Christopher Garcia Christopher just received his checking account statement from his bank. He has a NOW account with free checking that pays 0.75% APR on the balance and requires a $500 minimum balance. His statement shows that he currently has a balance of $3,950. In looking at his statement he notices that his car payment check for $400 is still outstanding, and that his recently received payroll deposit of $3,600 had not posted at the time the statement was created. His normal living expenses average $1,500 per month including his car payment. Other than his car loan, he rarely writes any checks as he prefers to use his debit card and ATM card for day-to-day living expenses. He pays his credit card balance in full every month. Other than his checking account he does not own any investments. He has always dreamed of owning a house, and would like to buy one within the next five years. He has access to a 401(k) pension plan at work where his employer will match contributions up to 6% of his salary. He currently contributes 2% of his salary to this plan. 10) After balancing his checking account, what will his current balance be today? A) $3,950 B) $7,550 C) $3,550 D) $7,150 Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Institutions AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) How is Christopher doing with his cash management? A) He is doing pretty well since he has a lot of cash in his checking account. B) He is doing pretty well since he pays his credit cards in full every month. C) He is not maximizing his returns on his liquid assets. D) He has a good checking account. E) All but C are correct answers. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Savings and Loans / Thrifts AACSB: Reflective Thinking 12) What would you recommend to Christopher concerning his cash management? A) He should set up EFT payments for his auto loan. B) He should switch his current account to a Money Market Deposit Account. C) He should give up some liquidity. D) All the above are correct. E) All but C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Treasury Bills AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. E) $9,500 Chapter 5 Cash or Liquid Asset Management 123 13) Christopher has not received an Income Tax refund in 4 years. Is there anything you could recommend to him? A) No, without dependents there is not much he can do now. B) He should increase his 401(k) contributions to 6% of his salary. C) He should itemize his deductions. D) He should change his W-2 form and claim more deductions. E) All but A are good recommendations. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Principle 4: Taxes affect personal finance decisions AACSB: Reflective Thinking 14) What recommendations would you give Christopher concerning his cash management? A) Create a budget and set some savings goals. B) Automate a savings plan using EFT. C) Set up an account at a mutual fund company. D) All of the above are good recommendations. E) All of the above except C are good recommendations. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Cash Management AACSB: Reflective Thinking 15) What recommendations would you give Christopher about his goal of buying a house in five years? A) You donʹt have enough income to consider buying a house. B) You need to develop a savings plan. C) You need to estimate what a down payment would be. D) You should switch to a Savings and Loan Association. E) Both B and C are good answers. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Cash Management AACSB: Reflective Thinking 16) Christopher would like to have $20,000 for a house down payment seven years from now. How much money would he need to save every quarter in an investment that pays 9% APR compounded quarterly? A) $2,173.81 B) $171.78 C) $520.51 D) $509.05 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Calculator Skills AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 124 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e John and Maile Johnson The Johnson family is very conservative financially. They have a retirement plan where John works and share a joint checking account at their bank. They keep a lot of money in their checking account to cover short-term needs and emergencies. Both of them want to step up to a higher interest rate than a checking or savings account pays, and at the same time stay with their bank. 17) What would be your suggestion for the next account John and Maile should open? A) Series EE bonds B) Certificates of deposit C) Money market deposit account D) Money market mutual funds E) Both B and C Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Cash Management AACSB: Analytical Thinking 18) Which of the following is not an advantage of a CD as a cash management alternative for John and Maile? A) High interest rate B) Fixed rate of interest C) It is insured. D) Pays money market interest rates E) Lends itself well to automated payroll deduction plan Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Certificates of Deposit AACSB: Analytical Thinking 19) For John and Maile, money market deposit accounts may offer some advantages. Select the one or ones below that would be the most valuable to John and Maile. A) They are insured. B) They may have limited checking privileges. C) They have relatively attractive rates of return. D) They have variable market interest rates. E) All of the above are advantages. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Deposit Accounts AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 5 Cash or Liquid Asset Management 125 20) What financial principle do they need to understand better? A) The time value of money B) Taxes affect personal finance decisions. C) Risk and return go hand in hand. D) All of the above are important to their situation. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Reflective Thinking 21) The Johnsons have been thinking about the financial principle - Pay Yourself First. Being very conservative, they might consider having their bank A) sell them a risky mutual fund. B) send them a monthly reminder to make a deposit in their 401(k). C) do a direct deposit of Johnʹs paycheck into their checking account. D) do a direct deposit of some of Johnʹs paycheck into a savings fund. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Cash Management AACSB: Reflective Thinking 22) Is EFT always a good thing? List some potential problems with EFT. Answer: EFT makes our lives easier and better as long as you learn how to use it effectively. One of the problems is better access of our money. Having unlimited access to our money may cause problems with budgeting and impulsive spending. It also requires good record keeping to make sure that you know how much money is left in your accounts to prevent overdraft fees. When you write a check you have control over your money as far as the amount and the timing of the withdrawal. With EFT payments for your bills and loans you are giving up control of your money. Diff: 2 Topic: Cash Management AACSB: Reflective Thinking 23) List three cash management resources that are used to electronically transfer money. Answer: An automated teller machine (ATM) or cash machine provides cash instantly and can be accessed through a credit or debit card. A debit card is something of a cross between a credit card and a checking account. Itʹs like a credit card in that itʹs a plastic card you can use instead of cash, but it works more like a checking account. Smart cards, sometimes called memory cards or electronic wallets, are a variation of debit cards. Instead of withdrawing funds from a designated account with a bank, you withdraw funds from an account thatʹs magnetically stored on the smart card. Diff: 2 Topic: Cash Management AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 126 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 24) Explain the two types of gift, or stored value, cards. Answer: There are two kinds of gift, or stored value, cards. The first is the single -purpose, or ʺclosed-loop,ʺ card, which can be used only at one store for one purpose. The second is the multipurpose, or ʺopen-loop,ʺ card, which can be used at most locations, just like a credit card. This type of card is becoming more and more common. Many employees receive their paychecks on a stored value card. More than 1,000 companies, including Walmart, FedEx, McDonaldʹs, U-Haul, UPS, Coca-Cola, Blockbuster Video, and Dennyʹs, offer to pay employees with Visa Payroll cards, which are a form of stored value cards, instead of checks. Diff: 3 Topic: Electronic Funds Transfer AACSB: Information Technology 25) List one advantage to paying bills automatically. Answer: Using automatic withdrawals to pay your bills will prevent late payments. However, if you do automate bill payment, make sure you take the time to read your bills–you must know where your money is going, and you must know exactly how much money is being withdrawn. Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Information Technology 26) What are some tips to help you start managing your cash and achieving financial control? Answer: Create an emergency fund before you have an emergency. Be careful when you bank online. Make sure you use a strong password and a secure network. Never pay bills from public Wi-Fi hotspots. Pay your bills online. If possible, have your bills automatically paid. Use online alerts to your advantage. Sent to your mobile phone or e-mail address, online alerts can provide you with peace of mind, protect your credit score, and save you money. Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Using Credit Cards: The Role of Open Credit 6.1 A First Look at Credit Cards and Open Credit 1) Taking a cash advance on your credit card for daily living expenses may not be a wise financial decision because interest begins on the cash advance balance amount immediately. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) Using your credit cards for cash advances is a relatively cheap way to borrow money because you usually do not start paying interest until the next billing period. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Cash Advance Fee AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) Cash advances generally require an upfront fee of 4 to 6 percent of the amount advanced. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Cash Advance Fee AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) Changes to credit card policies and rates are usually announced via ʺbill addendums,ʺ which are notices enclosed with your bill. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Cash Advance Fee AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) Late library fines and unpaid parking tickets can hurt your credit score. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Reflective Thinking 6) One of the unpleasant secrets of using your credit card for a cash advance is that the APR on the cash advance is typically lower than the APR for normal purchases. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Cash Advance Fee AACSB: Information Technology 7) Most credit cards offer a 31- to 35-day grace period from the date of the bill to make payments. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Grace Period AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 128 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 8) According to the Bankcard Holders Association of America, about 95 percent of all bank card issuers use the adjusted balance method. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Adjusted Balance Method AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) The average daily balance method calculates interest payments based on the ending balance of the previous period. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Average Daily Balance Method AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) Due to compounding frequency, the actual interest rate or APY you pay is higher than the advertised interest rate or APR. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Annual Percentage Rate AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) For the average consumer there is usually a set limit on open or revolving credit accounts. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Open Credit / Revolving Credit AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) Credit purchases made for personal needs like home mortgages or car loans are referred to as revolving credit. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Consumer Credit AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) Financially savvy people take advantage of the grace period on major purchases and pay the balance off in full; thus avoiding finance charges. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Grace Period AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14) There is no cash advance fee when you use your credit card at an ATM machine. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Cash Advance Fee AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Using Credit Cards: The Role of Open Credit 129 15) Over 70% of the 25 biggest credit card issuers do not charge annual fees. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) The use of credit involves receiving cash, goods, or services with an obligation to pay later. Which statement is not an opening line to the use of credit in a shopperʹs language? A) ʺCharge it.ʺ B) ʺPut it on my account.ʺ C) ʺPut it on my debit.ʺ D) ʺIʹll pay for it with plastic.ʺ Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking 17) The main factor that determines the cost of a line of credit is the ________, which is also considered the true simple interest rate paid over the life of the loan. A) annual merchant rate (AMR) B) teaser rate C) annual percentage rate (APR) D) penalty rate Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking 18) Most credit cards have a ________ grace period from the date of the bill to make payments. A) 1- to 15-day B) 5- to 20-day C) 21 to 25-day D) 31- to 35-day Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Grace Period AACSB: Analytical Thinking 19) Typically, an annual fee charge ranges from $10 to $100, but the American Express Centurion Card charges a ________ annual fee–and thereʹs also a ________ initiation fee for the first year. A) $0; $0 B) $25; $75 C) $250; $750 D) $2,500; $7,500 Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Annual fee AACSB: Information Technology 20) The ________ is the percentage of the credit card sale that the retailer owes to the credit card company. A) retailer credit acceptance fee B) card usage allowance C) merchantʹs discount fee D) franchise fee Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Merchantʹs Discount Fee AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 130 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 21) According to the Bankcard Holders Association of America, about 95 percent of all bank card issuers use the A) adjusted balance method. B) previous balance method. C) average daily balance method. D) daily double balance method. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Average Daily Balance Method AACSB: Analytical Thinking 22) Typically, the credit card issuer allows you a grace period, which means A) you do not have to make a payment during the current month. B) you are not charged any interest during this grace period. C) you must pay your balance off in full to benefit from the grace period. D) interest charges are reduced during this time. E) both B and C apply. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Grace Period AACSB: Information Technology 23) Which of the following apply to getting a cash advance with a credit card? A) Cash advances are available at ATM machines. B) You begin paying interest immediately. C) There may be a cash advance fee. D) The interest rate may be higher than on regular purchases. E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Cash Advance Fee AACSB: Analytical Thinking 24) Which method sums the outstanding balances owed each day during the billing period and divides by the number of days in the period? A) Average daily balance B) Previous balance C) Adjusted balance D) Balance calculation method E) Simple interest Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Average Daily Balance Method AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Using Credit Cards: The Role of Open Credit 131 25) On October 1st Joe charged $900 to his credit card, on October 10th he charged another $1,300 to his credit card, and on October 15th he charged an additional $100. His credit card charges him an Annual Percentage Rate (APR) of 18% compounded monthly. Using the Average Daily Balance Method calculate Joeʹs finance charge for the month of October. A) $7.12 B) $28.16 C) $212.36 D) $523.14 E) None of the above are correct answers. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Previous Balance Method AACSB: Analytical Thinking 26) Credit cards are a form of ________ credit. A) close ended B) revolving C) installment D) service Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Open Credit / Revolving Credit AACSB: Information Technology 27) Jessica always thought the grace-period feature of her credit card was a wonderful idea because her charges were interest-free during the grace period. After taking Dr. Art Keownʹs personal finance course, she learned this startling truth about grace periods. A) Grace periods are actually beneficial to the credit card company. B) There are higher fees associated with grace periods. C) Most banks eliminate their grace period on new purchases if you donʹt pay your balance in full. D) All credit cards carry a grace period. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Grace Period AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 28) The Truth In Lending Act requires that all consumer credit agreements disclose the ________ in bold print? A) Effective Annual Rate (EAR) B) Annual Percentage Rate (APR) C) Monthly Stated Rate (MSR) D) Nominal Interest Rate (NIR) Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Annual Percentage Rate AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 132 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 29) When you use a credit card at a store, the store is generally charged a fee ranging from 1.5% to 5%. What is this fee called? A) Merchant discount fee B) Merchant back-end charge C) Merchant rate D) Discount rate Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Merchantʹs Discount Fee AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 30) Changes to your credit card policies and rates are usually announced via ʺ________ʺ; which are notices enclosed with your bill. B) policy wards A) bill addendums C) bill stuffers D) regal notices Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Debt AACSB: Information Technology 31) Assume a 31-day month to calculate your average daily balance for your credit card bill. Your daily balance for the first 10 days was $1,400, for the next 10 days was $1900, and for the last 10 days was $2700. What will your average daily balance be at the end of the month? A) $1935.48 B) $19.35 C) $193.58 D) $1.94 Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Average Daily Balance Method AACSB: Analytical Thinking 32) Assuming the APR on your credit card is 18% and your average daily balance this month was $10,000, what will your interest or finance charges for the month be? A) $180 B) $60 C) $150 D) $1.50 Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Average Daily Balance Method AACSB: Analytical Thinking 33) Assuming the APR on your credit card is 24 percent and your average daily balance this month was $8,000, what will your interest or finance charges for the month be? A) $1.92 B) $240 C) $192 D) $160 Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Average Daily Balance Method AACSB: Analytical Thinking 34) More than ________ of the 25 biggest credit card issuers do not charge annual fees. A) 30 percent B) 50 percent C) 70 percent D) 90 percent Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Annual fee AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Using Credit Cards: The Role of Open Credit 133 35) One of the unpleasant secrets about using your credit card for a cash advance is that A) there is usually a 6 to 8 percent upfront fee on the amount. B) the APR on the cash advance is typically lower than the APR for normal purchases. C) payments do not apply to cash advance balances unless the balance for regular credit purchases is zero. D) All but B apply to cash advances. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Cash Advance Fee AACSB: Analytical Thinking 36) The ________ is the interest rate you pay on your balance if you donʹt make your minimum payments on time. A) penalty rate B) late rate C) cash advance rate D) over-the-limit rate Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Penalty Rate AACSB: Analytical Thinking 37) In an emergency, you used your credit card for a $500 cash advance. You just received your statement and your total balance due is $1,859, and the cash advance was the most recent charge. You want to be sure to pay for the cash advance so you send in a payment of $700. Your credit card has an APR of 12 percent. How much of your payment will apply to the cash-advance balance? A) Because it was the most recent charge, $500 of the payment will apply to the cash -advance balance. B) It doesnʹt make any difference because the $1,859 balance includes the cash advance, the $700 payment will lower your total balance regardless, so the amount applied to the cash-advance balance is irrelevant. C) There isnʹt enough information to answer the question, because the answer depends on the cash advanceʹs interest rate. D) None of the above Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Cash Advance Fee AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 134 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 38) Michael has a credit limit and a balance of $3,000 on his Visa card. His car broke down, he charged the $500 repairs to his Visa which he knows put him over his credit limit for the month. His payment is due on the 20th so he made sure that he had his $750 payment to the post office on the 20th. Most likely, what penalties or fees, if any, will he incur? A) Only the penalty APR, depending on his credit card company. B) Only the over-the-limit fee. C) Only the late fee, since his payment will lower his balance below his credit limit. D) He will likely incur the penalty APR, as well as an over-the-limit fee and a late fee because VISA has to receive his payment in its office by the 20th, not have it postmarked by the 20th. E) None of the above choices accurately describes the situation. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking 39) Sometimes retailers will give you up to a 5% discount if you pay cash for their products instead of using your credit card. Why? A) It is just good customer service, especially for repeat customers. B) They are getting close to their monthly charge limit and donʹt want to go over it. C) They are saving on the merchants discount fee so they pass the savings on to you. D) Its much less paper work to process cash transactions. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Merchantʹs Discount Fee AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Bradley Clemons Bradley currently has a Visa card from his bank with the following terms: 21 percent on purchases, 25 percent on cash advances with a 3 percent cash-advance fee on the amount, and a default or penalty rate of 33 percent. His current statement shows a balance of $9,000. Lately, he has been having a hard time paying more than the minimum payment of 3 percent of his balance. 40) What is Bradleyʹs minimum payment? A) $158 B) $189 C) $270 D) $1,890 C) 23.14 percent D) 24 percent Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking 41) What is the current APY on this credit card? A) 21 percent B) 22.99 percent Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Annual Percentage Rate AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Using Credit Cards: The Role of Open Credit 135 42) What is the APY on Bradleyʹs default, or penalty, rate? A) 33 percent B) 33.50 percent C) 38.48 percent D) 42.96 percent Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Annual Percentage Rate AACSB: Analytical Thinking 43) If Bradley buys a new game console for $560 this month and sends in a credit card payment of $950 when he gets his statement, how much interest will he pay on the game console for the month? A) 21 percent B) 1.75 percent C) 3 percent D) None, since he paid for the game console in full during the grace period. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Grace Period AACSB: Analytical Thinking Monty Head Monty currently has a Visa card from his bank with the following terms: 18% on purchases, 24% on cash advances with a 4% cash advance fee on the amount, and a default or penalty rate of 36%. His current statement shows a balance of $6,000. So far he has only taken one cash advance, withdrawing $1,000 from a casino in Las Vegas a year ago, which he has already paid off. Lately he has been having a hard time paying more than the minimum payment of 4% of his balance. The only assets he owns are a seven -year-old car and a $2,500 certificate of deposit that has a 5% APR. 44) What will be Montyʹs minimum payment due? A) $90 B) $20 C) $240 D) $1,080 E) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking 45) What is the current APY on this credit card? A) 18% B) 18.66% C) 18.99% D) 19.56% E) None of the above Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Annual Percentage Rate AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 136 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 46) What is the APY on Montyʹs default or penalty rate? A) 36% B) 36.99% C) 42.58% D) 48.66% Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Cash Advance Fee AACSB: Analytical Thinking 47) If Monty buys a new television for $800 this month and sends in a credit card payment of $1,200 when he gets his statement, how much interest will he pay on the television for the month? A) 18% B) 1.5% C) None, since he paid for the television in full during the grace period. D) None of the above answers is correct. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Grace Period AACSB: Analytical Thinking 48) Using the Adjusted Balance Method: If Monty sends in a payment for $1,000, how much will the finance charge be on his remaining balance? (Use the $6,000 balance for your calculations.) A) $75 B) $90 C) $110 D) There is not enough information to solve this question. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Interest Rates AACSB: Analytical Thinking 49) It is now three months later and Monty has missed two payments in a row and he is now paying the default or penalty rate on his balance. How much interest per month will Monty be accruing on his unpaid balance? A) 18% B) 1.5% C) 36% D) 3% Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Interest Rates AACSB: Analytical Thinking 50) What advice would you give to Monty concerning his use of credit cards? A) Learn to live within your means. B) Learn the difference between a want and a need gambling in Vegas is not a need. C) Seek out a non-profit credit counseling company. D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Annual Percentage Rate AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Using Credit Cards: The Role of Open Credit 137 51) When you withdraw cash from an ATM using your credit card A) you begin paying interest immediately. B) you are not charged any interest until after the date the payment is due. C) the interest fee is lower than that for purchases. D) youʹre using a relatively inexpensive way to borrow money. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking 52) Teaser rates are very low. How long do they last? Is there any real benefit in them? Answer: Introductory teaser rates can be as low as 0.0%. They last from 6 -12 months. The real benefit in using them is the interest saved during the introductory period. At the end of the period, the rates will dramatically increase. At this time, pay the balance off with a lower interest option. Just be sure to time it right. Diff: 1 Topic: Annual Percentage Rate AACSB: Analytical Thinking 53) Compare and contrast the average, previous, and adjusted balance methods. Answer: The average daily balance method calculates interest by summing the outstanding balances owed each day during the billing period and dividing by the number of days in the period. The previous balance method simply bases interest on the outstanding balance at the end of the previous billing period. Interest is calculated using the adjusted balance method by charging against the balance at the end of the previous billing period less any payments and returns made. Diff: 2 Topic: Adjusted Balance Method AACSB: Analytical Thinking 54) List the three primary methods used to determine interest charges on an unpaid credit card balance. Answer: (1) the average daily balance method (2) the previous balance method (3) the adjusted balance method Diff: 2 Topic: Debt AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 138 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 55) Describe the three primary methods used to determine interest charges on an unpaid credit card balance. Answer: Average daily balance method: Your average daily balance is calculated by adding up your daily balances during the billing period and dividing the sum by the number of billing-period days. Interest payments are based on this average balance. The Bankcard Holders Association of America reports that this method is used by about 95 percent of all bank card issuers. Previous balance method: Interest payments are charged against the amount owed at the end of the previous billing period, without taking into account the amount of the current monthʹs payments. This method is relatively simple, but itʹs also expensive for the credit card holder. Adjusted balance method: Interest is charged against the previous monthʹs balance only after any payments have been subtracted. Because interest isnʹt charged on payments, this method results in lower interest charges than the previous balance method. Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Reflective Thinking 56) Using your credit card for a cash advance in an emergency is probably a good idea. Using cash advances for non-emergencies is a terrible idea. Explain the characteristics that make cash advances very dangerous. Answer: For starters, it shows that you are not managing your personal finances very well. Using cash advances for day to day living expenses means that you are not following a budget and you are living outside of your means. Normally there is an upfront fee of several percent on the amount of the cash advance. The APR for cash advances is higher than the APR for regular purchases. None of your payments apply to the cash advance balance until you have paid your other balances in full first. Since a majority of people never pay off their credit card balance, then they are paying a very high APR on their cash advance balance for a very, very long time. Diff: 1 Topic: Cash Advance Fee AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6.2 The Pros and Cons of Credit Cards 1) Your credit card company is required to send you a notice 45 days before they can increase your interest rate, change certain fees (such as annual fees, cash -advance fees, and late fees), or make other significant changes to the terms of your card. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Credit CARD Act AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) The Credit Card Accountability, Responsibility, and Disclosure (CARD) Act established fee caps for cards. Card fees cannot total more than ________ of the initial credit limit. A) 25 percent B) 40 percent C) 45 percent D) 60 percent Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Credit CARD Act AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Using Credit Cards: The Role of Open Credit 139 3) Your credit card company is required to send you a notice ________ before they can increase your interest rate, change certain fees (such as annual fees, cash advance fees, and late fees), or make other significant changes to the terms of your card. A) 1 day B) 15 days C) 45 days D) 60 days Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Credit Bureau AACSB: Reflective Thinking 4) Which of the following is an advantage of credit cards? A) They make it easy to lose control of spending. B) In general they are an expensive way to borrow money. C) They allow the consumer the ability to rent cars and make online reservations. D) Using them means you will have less spendable money in the future. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Debt AACSB: Reflective Thinking 5) Your credit card company cannot increase your rate for the first 12 months after you open an account unless A) your card has a fixed interest rate tied to an index and the index goes down. B) your cardʹs introductory rate expires and your rate reverts to the ʺgo-toʺ rate the company disclosed when you got the card. C) you are more than 15 days late in paying your bill. D) all of the above. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Credit CARD Act AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) Which of the following is a disadvantage of credit cards? A) Allows for consumption before the purchase is fully paid for B) Emergency use C) Allows for online shopping D) The finance charge that accrues on the account if not paid off in full each month Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Debt AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 140 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 7) Research has determined that undergraduate college students tend to behave in similar manners with regards to their credit card usage. As noted in Chapter 6, which of the following behaviors are indicative of undergraduate studentsʹ credit card behaviors? A) Their parents do not frequently pay their credit card balances for them. B) They make more than their minimum payment each month but still tend to carry a balance on their cards. C) They pay off all of their cards in full each month. D) They make more than the required minimum payment on 90% of all other cards each month. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Debt AACSB: Reflective Thinking 8) List the five benefits or advantages associated with credit cards. What are the two major disadvantages? Answer: Credit cards are convenient and easy to use when shopping. They are great for emergency use and they allow for consumption before the purchase is fully paid for. They allow for consolidation of bills and also act as a source of interest-free credit. Additional pros include using the cards as a source of free benefits, as identification, for making reservations, a means to purchase before the price goes up. Two major disadvantages include making it easy to lose control of spending and being an expensive way to borrow money. Diff: 2 Topic: Debt AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 9) List five components of the Credit Card Accountability, Responsibility, and Disclosure (CARD) Act. Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Notification of schedule for payoff Increased rates apply only to new charges Restrictions on over-the-limit transactions Caps on high-fee cards Protections for underage consumers Diff: 3 Topic: Credit CARD Act AACSB: Reflective Thinking 6.3 Choosing a Source of Open Credit 1) A convenience user of credit cards is someone who pays off the credit card balance each month. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Debt AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Using Credit Cards: The Role of Open Credit 141 2) Most credit users are more interested in free benefits than low APRs. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Annual Percentage Rate AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) A single-purpose card is a credit card that can be used only at a specific company. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Single-Purpose Card AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) A secured credit card is a good tool to help establish credit. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Debt AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) Only Prestige or Premium credit cards offer a grace period. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) Crystal tried to use her Macyʹs credit card at Target but was unsuccessful because her Macyʹs credit card is a single-purpose card and can only be used at Macyʹs. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Single-Purpose Card AACSB: Information Technology 7) Angela tried to use her Macyʹs credit card at Target but was unsuccessful because Target only accepts Target credit cards. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Information Technology 8) A convenience user doesnʹt really care what the APY is on their credit cards. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 9) To a credit user, the perks and benefits are the most important determinant when choosing a credit card. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 142 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 10) For the convenience credit card user the interest rate is A) irresistible. B) irrelevant. C) irregular. D) intimidating. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 11) Which of the following are important to convenience users of credit cards? A) Low annual fee B) Interest-free grace period C) Card benefits and perks D) Only A and B E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 12) The choice of a credit card is a matter of personal credit card philosophy. If you are a credit user, the most important decision factor is the cardʹs A) length of grace period. B) annual fee. C) APR on the unpaid balance. D) minimum payment. E) late payment fee. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Annual Percentage Rate AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 13) A(n) ________ card is a credit card that does not offer revolving credit and requires full payment of the balance at the end of each month. A) T&E B) premium C) affinity D) traditional charge account E) single-purpose Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Travel and Entertainment Card AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Using Credit Cards: The Role of Open Credit 143 14) Which of the following is not a single-purpose credit card? A) Shell Oil B) Wells Fargo Visa C) Toys R Us D) Target E) Macyʹs Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Single-Purpose Card AACSB: Information Technology 15) What is the main distinguishing feature(s) for T&E cards? A) They do not offer revolving credit. B) The full balance must be paid each month. C) There is no annual fee. D) Both A and B above E) Both A and C above Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Travel and Entertainment Card AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) Credit cards issued in conjunction with particular charities or organizations, like the Sierra Club or the Humane Society, that send a portion of their annual fee or percentage of their purchases back to the sponsoring organization are known as A) premium cards. B) prestige cards. C) affinity cards. D) secured credit cards. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Affinity Card AACSB: Information Technology 17) What type of a credit card is issued in partnership with a specific charity or organization, such as Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), the National Rifle Association (NRA), or a college or university? A) Prestige card B) Affinity card C) Travel and entertainment card D) Social responsibility card Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Affinity Card AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 144 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 18) The major differences between a premium prestige card and a regular credit card include A) higher interest rates. B) higher credit limits. C) additional perks and benefits. D) both A and B above E) both B and C above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Premium Card / Prestige Card AACSB: Analytical Thinking 19) Which of the following statements is most correct regarding a secured credit card? A) It is a valuable form of credit insurance you are protected against loss if the card is lost or stolen. B) It is useful to someone who has bad credit or no credit established yet. C) It provides a higher level of user security, using technology to prevent illegal use. D) Compared to non-secured credit cards, it always carries a much lower rate of interest. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Secured Credit Card AACSB: Analytical Thinking Jerome Hanesworth Jerome has three major credit cards and makes payments on them each month. He has had one of them for six years, another for three years, and the last for eleven months. Making just the minimum payment has become automatic at this point, and Jerome barely even looks at the statements. Jerome is beginning to think that his approach to credit may be faulty, and he wants to find out how to adjust it. He just applied for two additional credit cards. 20) Jerome would be considered a A) credit user. B) convenience user. C) combination credit and convenience user. D) T&E card user. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Debt AACSB: Reflective Thinking 21) Based on his credit card usage, which of the following aspects of a credit card should be most important to Jerome? A) The APR on the unpaid balance B) A low annual fee C) Perks and benefits, like frequent flier miles D) None of the above are important to Jerome. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Using Credit Cards: The Role of Open Credit 145 22) Most likely, Jerome is A) unaware of how much of his payments go toward interest. B) not getting the benefits of a grace period. C) obligating his future income. D) All of the above are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Debt AACSB: Reflective Thinking 23) What advice might you give to Jerome? A) Keep making timely, minimum payments. B) Get a cash advance to pay down the balances on the cards. C) Consider using savings to pay off current credit card debt. D) All of this advice would be helpful to Jerome. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Reflective Thinking 24) List the three types of credit card users. Answer: 1. 2. 3. Credit user Convenience user Convenience and credit user Diff: 2 Topic: Debt AACSB: Reflective Thinking 25) Briefly describe the three credit card users. Answer: A credit user generally carries an unpaid balance from month to month. Most credit users donʹt use the grace period, and the annual fee pales in comparison to the amount of interest they pay annually. If youʹre a credit user, the most important decision factor is the APR, or interest rate, on the unpaid balance, because it will be the largest credit expense you face. A convenience user is someone who pays off their credit card balance each month, so the interest rate is irrelevant. Convenience users look for a credit card with a low annual fee and an interest-free grace period. A convenience and credit user is someone who generally, but not always, pays off all of the balance each month. Their ideal card is one with an interest free grace period, a low interest rate on the unpaid balance, and no annual fee. Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 146 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 6.4 Getting a Credit Card 1) Credit card companies send out a whopping 6 billion credit card offers annually–roughly 60 offers per U.S. household! Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) Credit card issuers are free to set up shop near large university campuses and offer free gifts –anything from free or discounted flights to free Frisbees. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Credit CARD Act AACSB: Reflective Thinking 3) Everyone who accessed your credit report within the last seven years appears in an ʺinquiryʺ list that appears on your credit report. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) According to a Nellie Mae study, 93 percent of graduate students would have liked more information on financial management topics before they started school and would like financial management education made available to them now. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Challenges AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) One of the more important factors in determining your credit score is the length of your credit history. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) It is against the law for your potential employer to use your credit score for employment considerations. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 7) Your credit score may affect how much you pay for health insurance. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Using Credit Cards: The Role of Open Credit 147 8) A credit bureau is a private organization that maintains credit information on individuals, which it allows subscribers to access for a fee. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Credit Bureau AACSB: Information Technology 9) Getting a credit card while a college student is an excellent idea because A) it helps you learn about credit. B) you can shop online and make reservations. C) it works well for emergencies. D) when used correctly it allows you to build up a solid credit history. E) all of the above. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) One of the following lists constitutes the five Cs of credit. Select the correct one. A) Character, capacity, capital, collateral, characteristics B) Character, capacity, capital, collateral, co-insurance C) Character, capacity, capital, collateral, careful D) Character, capacity, capital, collateral, conditions E) Character, capacity, capital, collateral, credence Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) A company that gathers and sells consumersʹ financial history to creditors is a A) credit card company. B) credit bureau. C) credit investigation bureau. D) credit recovery firm. E) credit issuance firm. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Credit Bureau AACSB: Information Technology 12) ________ is not information generally found in your credit report. A) Employment information B) Personal credit history C) College attended, grades, etc. D) Your public financial history E) Past inquiries regarding your credit report Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 148 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 13) By law you have certain rights in connection with the credit bureau. They are A) the right to view your personal credit report. B) the right to point out errors found in your file. C) the right to request the credit bureau to correct mistakes in your file. D) the right to file a statement presenting your view of a disputed issue. E) all of the above. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Credit Bureau AACSB: Information Technology 14) Your credit score affects A) the rate you pay on your credit cards. B) the size of your credit line. C) your mortgage rate. D) the amount of junk mail offering additional credit cards that you receive. E) All of the above are correct answers. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Information Technology 15) Credit scoring is A) quite expensive for the lender. B) not a flawless method of determining creditworthiness. C) an inefficient but necessary process. D) all of the above. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 16) A low FICO score A) is a good credit score. B) can cost you quite a bit when you get a mortgage loan. C) may result in a credit card rate half the rate of that paid by those with a high FICO score. D) is the only factor the lender considers when determining whether to give you credit. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Using Credit Cards: The Role of Open Credit 149 17) The process of mathematically evaluating your creditworthiness to obtain credit is called A) credit scoring. B) credit evaluation. C) credit references. D) credit history. E) credit statistics. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Information Technology 18) Which of the five Cs of credit would your actual home be in relation to your mortgage? A) Character B) Capacity C) Collateral D) Capital E) Conditions Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking 19) Roxanne has always maintained an excellent credit rating over the years. She has an annual income of $23,000, has lived at her current residence three years, and has worked at the same job for eight years. Susan works in a clerical position, has two credit cards and maintains two bank accounts. Which one of the following items of evaluation would Roxanne score the highest on? A) Employment history B) Annual income C) Length of residence D) All of the above are correct answers. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Analytical Thinking 20) What rights would a college friend of yours have whose credit card application was denied? A) The right to view her credit report B) The right to have the file be accurate C) The right to point out errors in her file D) The right to request mistakes in the file be corrected E) All of the above are correct answers. Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 150 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 21) Which of the following is not a typical potential problem that can occur in a credit bureau file? A) You may be mixed up with someone else with a similar name. B) Accounts may be listed as still open that are actually closed. C) Accounts may be listed that you never had. D) The wrong credit bureau handles your case. E) A creditor may fail to report a payment or payments. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Credit Bureau AACSB: Information Technology 22) Cedrickʹs credit card was stolen, and he did not realize that it was stolen until he received his most recent billing statement. He contacted the credit card company immediately after he read his statement. Fraudulent charges were as follows: $250 for a Blue-ray player, $600 for a new set of tires, $200 cash withdrawal, and $40 in interest charges on the above items. He did not carry credit card insurance. How much is Cedrickʹs potential maximum liability? A) $40.00 B) $50.00 C) $850.00 D) $1,050.00 E) $1,090.00 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Credit Fraud AACSB: Analytical Thinking 23) The lowest FICO a consumer can achieve is A) 250. B) 300. C) 400. D) 505. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Analytical Thinking 24) Consider the ʺFive Cs of Credit.ʺ The category that considers the size of your investment holding or portfolio is A) collateral. B) capital. C) capacity. D) character. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Using Credit Cards: The Role of Open Credit 151 25) Consider the ʺFive Cs of Credit.ʺ The category that considers your current income level and current borrowing level is A) collateral. B) capital. C) capacity. D) character. E) none of the above. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Reflective Thinking 26) Which of the following regarding credit application analysis is incorrect? A) Bankruptcy remains a mark against you for a period of ten years after it occurs. B) Credit card issuers normally assign a minimal acceptable credit cutoff score. C) Lenders may not discriminate on the basis of age. D) You are entitled to one free copy of your credit report each year from the three major credit bureaus. E) None of the above statements is incorrect; all of the above are true statements. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking 27) How long do you have to begin an investigation into a billing problem under the Fair Credit Billing Act? A) 15 days B) 20 days C) 30 days D) 60 days Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Credit Fraud AACSB: Information Technology 28) Credit card insurance is usually unnecessary since your liability on credit card losses is limited by law to A) $ 0 B) $50 C) $100 D) $500 Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Credit Fraud AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 152 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 29) Mary is 38 years old and many of her friends have gotten into trouble using their credit cards to buy things they canʹt afford. She feels lucky that her grandmother told her that credit is dangerous and that she should always pay cash for everything. So far, Mary has never had credit in her name and even paid cash for her car. From a personal finance perspective, what advice would you give to Mary? A) Nothing, it looks like we all could take advice from her! B) Make sure that you keep a lot of money in liquid investments in case of an emergency. C) Itʹs great that you donʹt owe any money, but you really need to establish credit in your name so you will have it if you need it in the future. D) You might want to talk with your insurance agent because having no credit history is probably causing you to pay higher rates for your insurance. E) Both C and D would be good advice for Mary. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Reflective Thinking 30) One of the five Cʹs of credit is capacity. Most likely, what information would potential creditors consider in evaluating your capacity? A) Your marital status B) Your age C) Your leverage ratios D) Your liquidity ratios E) Both C and D are correct answers. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking 31) Angela noticed a list of creditors at the bottom of her credit report. Some of the inquiries were voluntary and some were involuntary. What is the difference between the two? A) Voluntary inquiries are due to your own credit requests; while involuntary inquiries are typically by creditors who seek to offer you a preapproved credit offer. B) Involuntary inquiries are due to your own credit requests; while voluntary inquiries are typically by creditors who seek to offer you a preapproved credit offer. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Using Credit Cards: The Role of Open Credit 153 32) The CARD Act of 2009 toned down the actions of credit card issuers by A) banning the issuance of credit cards to persons under 18, unless the borrower can show proof that he or she can repay the credit card loans independently. B) banning credit card issuers from locating themselves ʺnear campusʺ (defined as within 50 feet). C) banning the issuance of credit cards to persons under 18, unless someone over 25 co -signs on the account. D) banning offers of freebies such as free pizza and T-shirts. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Credit CARD Act AACSB: Reflective Thinking 33) According to the Keown book, the national average FICO score is around A) 650. B) 711. C) 759. D) 777. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Reflective Thinking 34) According to a Nellie Mae study, ________ of graduate students would have liked more information on financial management topics before they started school and would like financial management education made available to them now. A) 33 percent B) 53 percent C) 73 percent D) 93 percent Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Challenges AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 35) ________ occurs when someone, without your knowledge or consent, uses your name, address, Social Security number, bank or credit card account number, or other identifying information to commit fraud or other crimes. A) Phishing B) Dumpster diving C) Identity theft D) Data breach Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Identity Theft AACSB: Analytical Thinking 36) The ________ provides a single location for financial protection and oversight–and its mandate is to help consumers make better decisions. A) Center For the People Bureau (CFPB) B) Consortium of Fiscal Protection Bureau (CFPB) C) Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) D) Consumer Fiscal Protocol Bureau (CFPB) Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 154 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 37) The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau was created with the oversight authority necessary to ensure that A) consumer financial markets work. B) the prices and risks for credit products and other consumer financial services are easy to understand. C) the prices and risks for mortgages, credit cards, and other kinds of financial products and services are clear. D) all of the above. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) AACSB: Analytical Thinking 38) Josh was sued by his former business partner. He lost the case and has to pay his former partner $10,000. He has not yet done so and is refusing to do so. Josh is applying for a mortgage for a new home. Should he be worried about the lawsuit impacting his mortgage application? A) No, this kind of information is not contained on oneʹs credit report. B) Absolutely, this kind of information is contained on oneʹs credit report. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Reflective Thinking 39) Leon is 28 years old and pays cash for everything he buys. He has never had credit in his name and never missed or been late on any bills he has ever had. He recently went online to check what his credit score was. Where do you think his credit score would be? A) over 800 B) between 700 and 799 C) between 600 and 699 D) None of the above Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Information Technology 40) Nico likes to go shopping. Every time he goes to a new store, he fills out an application for a store credit card so that he can get a 20 percent discount on his purchases that day. Yesterday, when he was trying to buy a new car, the dealer turned down his credit request. Nico canʹt understand why, because he thought he had good credit. If you looked at his credit report, what is the most likely reason he was denied credit? A) Nine years ago, a lender referred his debt to a collection agency. B) He has only worked for his current employer for nine months. C) He has too many recent inquiries on his credit report. D) There is not enough information available to answer this question. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Using Credit Cards: The Role of Open Credit 155 41) Tawnya currently has six bank credit cards, five retailer credit cards, and a T&E card left over from when she was in sales. She wants to make sure her credit score is as high as it can be. What advice would you give her to improve her credit score? A) Transfer all of her balances to the card with the lowest APR. B) Increase the credit limit on her bank cards. C) Cancel eight of the newest cards she has, keep at least one bank card. D) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Reflective Thinking 42) The Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACT) allows everyone to a free copy of their credit report every year. Why is it a good idea to check your credit report every year? A) To make sure that there are no errors on it B) To make sure that someone has not stolen your identity C) To challenge any unauthorized entries D) All of the above are good reasons. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Credit Fraud AACSB: Reflective Thinking Susan Harris Susan has always maintained an excellent credit rating over the years. She has an annual income of $63,000, has lived at her current residence thirteen years, and has worked at the same job for eight years. Susan works in a clerical position, has two credit cards and maintains two bank accounts. Susan is very conservative and has all of her savings ($12,000) in a NOW account at her local bank. One of her credit cards has a balance of $550 and has an APR of 23%. Susan has been making monthly minimum payments on the credit card. Out of curiosity she would like to know how her credit card companies judge her creditworthiness and what she can do to improve her financial situation. 43) Which one of the following items of evaluation would Susan score the highest on? A) Employment history B) Annual income C) Length of residence D) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Analytical Thinking 44) What should Susan do in regards to her credit card balance? A) She should continue to make minimum monthly payments. B) She should pay half of the balance this month and the remaining balance next month. C) She should take out a small loan to pay off the credit card. D) She should use some of her savings to pay off the balance in full immediately. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 156 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 45) Susan was considering obtaining a new credit card but was told that too many applications for credit can cause oneʹs FICO score to decrease? Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Debt AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 46) Susan has never seen a copy of her credit report. Which of the following is not a credit bureau? A) Experian B) TransUnion C) Equifax D) Equitax Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Credit Bureau AACSB: Analytical Thinking 47) Susan is not married and a female. Which of the following Consumer Credit Laws prohibits credit discrimination on the basis of her status? A) The Truth in Lending Act B) The Fair Debt Collections Practices Act C) The Equal Opportunity Act D) The Fair Billing Act Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking 48) List four ways to avoid credit card fraud. Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. Save all your credit card receipts and compare them to your bill. Use caution and care in giving your credit card number over the phone. Never leave a store without your card. Do not let the store clerk keep your receipt to throw in the waste basket. Diff: 1 Topic: Credit Fraud AACSB: Reflective Thinking 49) What vital areas are typically evaluated in ʺscoringʺ? Answer: The important vital areas include: - annual income - length of residence - housing situation - length of time on job - type of employment - current age - number of bank accounts - number of credit cards - credit history - telephone ownership Diff: 2 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Using Credit Cards: The Role of Open Credit 157 50) What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary inquires? Answer: Voluntary inquiries are spurred by your own requests for credit. Involuntary inquiries occur when lenders request your report so that they can extend you a preapproved credit offer. Diff: 2 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Reflective Thinking 51) What four steps should you take if you think your identity has been stolen? Answer: STEP 1: Contact the fraud department of any one of the three major credit bureaus to place a fraud alert on your credit file. STEP 2: Close the accounts that you know or believe have been tampered with or opened fraudulently. STEP 3: File a police report. STEP 4: File a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission at the federal governmentʹs consumer information website (http://www.consumer.gov). Diff: 2 Topic: Identity Theft AACSB: Reflective Thinking 52) Describe four ways to prevent identity theft. Answer: Keep a detailed list of all your credit and debit cards and other accounts, including the 24-hour customer service phone number for each. This information will help you quickly cancel your accounts and minimize the danger to your finances. Donʹt carry documents that include your Social Security number or any PINs, passwords, or access codes for bank or credit cards. Keep your birth certificate, passport, and Social Security card in a fireproof strongbox in your home or in a safety-deposit box. If you lose your driverʹs license, these documents will be your only official forms of identification. At least once a year, contact the three national credit bureaus TransUnion, Experian, and Equifaxto check your credit report for suspicious activity. Diff: 3 Topic: Identity Theft AACSB: Reflective Thinking 53) Your credit score is possibly the most important number that affects your life. How does your credit score affect you? Answer: Your credit score is used by potential creditors to determine whether or not they are willing to give you credit, what APR they will charge you, and what your credit limit will be. The Insurance Industry is also now using your credit score to determine whether or not they will insure you, for how much, and at what rate to determine your premiums. Many employers are using a personʹs credit score to make hiring or promotion decisions. Diff: 3 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 158 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 54) Why is it important for young people to establish a good credit history as soon as possible? Answer: People that have not established any credit in their name do not have a credit report or credit score established. Potential creditors will have to assume that you are a high risk until you actually demonstrate good credit behaviors. This means you may be denied credit or will pay a higher APR and have a lower credit limit than you may want or need. You will also pay higher rates for your personal insurance until you have established a good credit score. Many employers also use credit scores for employment decisions and not having one may place you at a disadvantage. Diff: 3 Topic: Credit Scoring AACSB: Reflective Thinking 6.5 Controlling and Managing Your Credit Cards and Open Credit 1) Non-profit Credit Counselors should be avoided due to their high fees. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Credit Counselor AACSB: Ethical Understanding and Reasoning 2) People with high credit card balances still need to invest money on a regular basis. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) Only a Credit Repair company can remove inaccurate data from your credit report. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Credit Counselor AACSB: Information Technology 4) Wally currently has a balance of $14,500 on his credit cards and he is having a hard time making the minimum payments on them. He has missed several payments and is now paying the default APR of 29.99%. He and his wife own a nice home with $40,000 in equity. They have $7,500 in a certificate of deposit with a 4% APR. He has come to you in tears asking for advice. What would you tell him to do? A) Seek out a non-profit credit counseling company. B) Cash out his CD and pay down his credit cards. C) Become a convenience user, and maintain just one credit card. D) Take out an equity loan on the house. E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Debt AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Using Credit Cards: The Role of Open Credit 159 5) Having completed a personal finance class, you are now ready to give some advice to your free-spending friends. Which one is unwise? A) Reduce the credit card balance. B) Resolve any billing errors. C) Quit using credit cards altogether. D) Look for trouble signs in credit card spending. E) Control your spending through discipline. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Debt AACSB: Reflective Thinking 6) Which of the following is the best strategy for controlling and managing your credit cards and open debt? A) Reduce your balance. B) Resolve billing errors. C) Protect against fraud. D) Look for trouble signs in credit card spending. E) All are good strategies. Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic: Debt AACSB: Reflective Thinking 7) When you find you cannot pay your credit card bills you must take action! Which option is advisable? A) Adjust your budget to allow for more money to pay for the cards. B) Change to a less expensive credit card or cards. C) Use a secured loan or home equity loan to get a lower interest rate to pay the cards off. D) Use savings to pay off some or all of current credit card debt. E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Reflective Thinking 8) What can you do if you cannot pay your credit card bills? Answer: Adjust your budget to allow more money to pay the bill. You can change to a less expensive card, use savings to pay off a balance, or use a secured loan or a home equity loan to obtain a lower rate or payment. Diff: 2 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 160 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 9) List five signs that you have the credit card habit. Answer: - You only make the minimum payment each month. - You have reached the credit/spending limit on one or more cards. - You are using savings to pay for credit card payments. - You do not keep track of your credit card spending as it occurs. - You get cash advances because there is not enough money in your checking account. Diff: 1 Topic: Debt AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 7 Student and Consumer Loans: The Role of Planned Borrowing 7.1 Consumer Loans-Your Choices 1) Consumer loans are less formal than credit cards and/or other open credit. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Open Credit / Revolving Credit AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) Consumer loans can range from unsecured, fixed-rate, single-payment loans to secured, variable-rate, installment loans. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Consumer Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) Bridge loans provide short-term funding until longer-term or additional financing is found. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Bridge Loan AACSB: Information Technology 4) Unsecured loans are generally less risky to lenders than secured loans. Therefore secured loans typically charge a higher APR than unsecured loans. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Unsecured Loan AACSB: Reflective Thinking 5) Defaulting on a secured loan may lead to the collateral being repossessed. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Secured Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) A balloon loan calls for repayment of both interest and principal at regular intervals, with the payment levels set so that the loan expires at a preset date. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Single Payment Loan / Balloon Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) If your before-tax cost of a home equity loan is 12 percent and you are in the 30 percent marginal tax bracket, your after-tax cost of the home equity loan is 9 percent. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Interest Rates AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 162 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 8) Variable-rate loans tied to long-term rates expose you to more risk of rate changes than variable-rate loans tied to short-term rates. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Variable Interest Rate Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) A recourse clause defines whatever actions a lender can take to recover money from you in case you default on the loan. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Recourse Clause AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 10) An acceleration clause states that if you default on a secured loan, not only can the lender repossess whatever is secured, but if the sale of the asset does not cover what you owe, you can also be billed for the difference. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Acceleration Clause AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 11) According to the Keown book, a(n) ________ is a loan involving a formal contract that details exactly how much youʹre borrowing and when and how youʹre going to pay the loan back. B) consumer loan A) balloon loan D) installment loan C) bridge loan Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Consumer Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) An example of a consumer loan is a(n) A) unsecured loan. C) interim loan. B) pre-payment loan. D) both A and C. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Consumer Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) Which statement is false regarding consumer loans? A) Consumer loans are usually used for bigger purchases. B) Consumer loans can range from open credit to credit cards. C) Consumer loans are sometimes called ʺplanned borrowing.ʺ D) Consumer loans can range from single-payment loans to installment loans. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Consumer Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 7 Student and Consumer Loans: The Role of Planned Borrowing 163 14) Which of the following is the correct formula to calculate the after-tax cost of a home equity loan? A) After-tax cost of a home equity loan = before-tax cost (1 + marginal tax rate) B) After-tax cost of a home equity loan = before-tax cost (1 - marginal tax rate) Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Home Equity Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 15) A short-term loan that provides funding until a longer-term loan can be secured is called a(n) A) bridge loan. B) gap loan. C) straddle loan. D) amortized loan. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Bridge Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) A(n) ________ loan calls for the repayment of both the interest and the principal at regular intervals and is commonly referred to as loan amortization. A) term B) simple interest C) installment D) personal E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Installment Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 17) You are considering building a new deck on your home, what factors should you consider when deciding whether to borrow the money or take the money out of your savings account? A) You should compare the after-tax return on your savings with the after-tax APR on your loan. B) Itʹs simple, if you can afford to pay cash then you should not take out the loan. C) What impact the savings withdrawal will have on your liquidity. D) Both A and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Financing AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 164 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 18) Which of the following characterize secured loans? A) They are typically easier to get. B) Interest rates tend to be lower than unsecured loans. C) They reduce the lenderʹs risk. D) They are backed with either physical or investment assets. E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic: Secured Loan AACSB: Reflective Thinking 19) A ________ is tied to a market interest rate, such as the prime rate or the six -month Treasury bill rate. A) prime-rate loan B) convertible-rate loan C) flexible-rate loan D) variable-rate loan Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Variable Interest Rate Loan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 20) Variable-rate loans A) usually have rate caps that prevent them from varying too much. B) always adjust every month. C) are never a better option than fixed-rate loans. D) all of the above. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Variable Interest Rate Loan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 21) What are the risks to the borrower with adjustable-rate loans? A) During times of inflation your salary may increase during the term of the loan. B) That the market rates of interest may increase during the term of the loan. C) It is harder to budget for loan payments that may increase during the term of the loan. D) Both B and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Variable Interest Rate Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 7 Student and Consumer Loans: The Role of Planned Borrowing 165 22) Alice has fallen behind on her signature loan. She recently received a notice from the lender that her wages were going to be garnished to pay off the debt. What is the loan clause that allows the lender to take this action against Alice because she was in default? A) Recovery clause B) Default clause C) Recourse clause D) Deficiency payments clause E) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Recourse Clause AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 23) What is the loan clause stating that if you default on a secured loan, the lender can repossess whatever is secured, as well as bill you for the difference if that repossession does not cover what you owe? A) Insurance clause B) Default clause C) Recourse clause D) Deficiency payments clause E) None of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Default AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 24) What is your potential liability from the deficiency payments clause if you default? A) Nothing, since the loan is in default it invalidates all loan clauses. B) You will have to pay any legal or repossession fees incurred by the lender. C) You will have to pay the remainder of the loan balance if the proceeds from the repossession are not sufficient to pay off the loan. D) Both B and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Loan Contract AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 25) Joshua recently purchased a new home. His lender required him to purchase credit life insurance on the loan in the event that he died before the mortgage is paid off. What is the loan clause that allows his lender to require him to purchase this additional insurance. A) Insurance agreement clause B) Default contingency clause C) Early payment clause D) Recourse clause E) None of the above Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Acceleration Clause AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 166 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 26) Suppose you borrowed the money you needed to purchase an automobile and then failed to make a scheduled payment by the due date. Technically, you A) are bankrupt. B) are in default. C) are usually not given a chance to make good on the overdue payment. D) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Default AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 27) The ʺRepo Manʺ recently repossessed your car for failure to make payments. You still owed $5,000 on the loan, but since it was always broken, you were glad to get rid of it anyway. The bank sold the car at a wholesale auction for $3,000. The bank also paid the ʺRepo Manʺ $200 and paid attorney fees of $300. Based on the deficiency payments clause in your loan, what are you liable for? A) $0; repossession means the bank must ʺeliminateʺ the debt B) $500 C) $2,000 D) $2,500 E) None of the above Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Default AACSB: Analytical Thinking 28) What is the name of the formal document that outlines the legal obligations of both the lender and the borrower? A) Default B) Claim C) Debenture D) Note E) Tort Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Loan Contract AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 29) Which one of these clauses is not found in a typical loan contract? A) Recourse B) Deficiency payments C) Acceleration D) Withdrawal terms E) Insurance agreement Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Loan Contract AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 7 Student and Consumer Loans: The Role of Planned Borrowing 167 30) The loan contract is a formal document called a(n) ________ and may contain a(n) ________ specifying who retains control over the item being purchased in the case of default. A) agreement, insurance clause B) indenture, security agreement C) note, security agreement D) agreement, indenture E) note, legal transaction Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Loan Contract AACSB: Analytical Thinking 31) The quoted rate on a home equity loan is 10% and you are in a 28% marginal tax bracket. What is the effective after-tax rate on this loan? A) 7.2% B) 5.4% C) 4.1% D) 2.8% E) None of the above Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Home Equity Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 32) You are considering a home equity loan. Your marginal tax bracket is 25%. You want to borrow $30,000 and are quoted an APR of 10%. How much money would you save in taxes each year if you use the tax-deductible home equity loan? A) $1,300 B) $920 C) $750 D) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Home Equity Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 33) What happens when you default on a car loan where your Title is held as collateral? A) You damage your credit history but you keep the car. B) You lose the car and damage your credit history. C) You face liability under the deficiency payments clause. D) Only choices B and C are correct. E) All of the above choices are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Automobile Loan AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 168 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 34) If you own a home with a market value of $175,000 and you have an outstanding balance on your mortgage of $60,000, your home equity is A) $57,500. B) $97,750. C) $115,000. D) $235,000. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Home Equity Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 35) Home equity/second mortgage loans have two important advantages over most other types of loans. They are A) tax deductibility of payments and longer terms. B) tax deductibility of interest and lower interest rates. C) no risk for borrower and less amortization. D) increase in future financing flexibility and no recourse clause. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Home Equity Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 36) Explain the purpose of a convertible loan. Answer: A convertible loan has the potential of overcoming the disadvantages (to the borrower) of variable-rate and fixed-rate loans. The borrower can enjoy the lower cost of a variable-rate loan while still being able to lock in the savings of a fixed-rate loan when a low interest rate comes along. Diff: 2 Topic: Convertible Loan AACSB: Reflective Thinking 37) Name the advantages and disadvantages of an unsecured loan. Answer: Unsecured loans require no collateral, only a signature. Larger unsecured loans are generally given only to borrowers with excellent credit histories. The major fault with these type of loans is that they require higher interest rates. Diff: 1 Topic: Unsecured Loan AACSB: Reflective Thinking 38) Describe the four major parts of a typical loan contract. Answer: The loan contract will contain an insurance agreement clause which requires you (the borrower) to purchase credit life insurance to pay off the loan in the event of your death. An acceleration clause states that if you miss one payment, the entire loan comes due immediately. Usually, however, the lender will give you some time to catch up on the payments. The deficiency payments clause requires that if you default on a secured loan, not only can the lender repossess whatever is secured, but if when that asset is sold it does not cover what you owe, you can be billed for the difference. A recourse clause defines what actions a lender can take to claim money from you in case you default on the loan. Diff: 1 Topic: Loan Contract AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 7 Student and Consumer Loans: The Role of Planned Borrowing 169 39) What is the distinguishing feature of an automobile loan? Answer: The automobile is used as collateral and will be repossessed if the borrower defaults on the loan. The duration of these loans is usually very short, often for only 24 to 60 months. Although they can be as long as 72 months. Some lenders offer a very low 3% or less interest rate for this purpose. Diff: 1 Topic: Automobile Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 40) What are the advantages of a home equity loan, and what, if any, are the disadvantages? Answer: It is usually easier and less expensive to obtain a home equity loan than other types of loans. After securing a home equity line of credit, you merely ask for the money each time you need some, without reapplying for it. The interest you pay is usually a tax deduction, within income limitations. The one major disadvantage is that you place a lien on your home. Diff: 2 Topic: Home Equity Loan AACSB: Reflective Thinking 7.2 Cost and Early Payment of Consumer Loans 1) A payday loan is a reasonable option if you need a luxury item like a big screen TV. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Payday Loans AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) Payday loans are a dangerous way to borrow money, and charge an annual interest rate of almost 400%. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Payday Loans AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 3) The simple interest method is the most common method of calculating payments on an installment loan. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Variable Interest Rate Loan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) Loans using the add-on method are a relative bargain, and should be sought out. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Fixed-Interest Rate Loan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 170 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 5) The annual percentage rate is the simple percentage cost of all finance charges over the life of the loan on an annual basis. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Annual Percentage Rate AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) With a discount method single-payment loan, the entire interest charge is subtracted from the principal before you receive the money, and at maturity you repay the principal. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Single Payment Loan / Balloon Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) Ronald is borrowing $20,000 using the discount method. His bank is offering him an annual percentage rate of 8.5% and he is taking out the loan for 24 months. How large of a check will Ronald receive from this loan when he leaves the bank? How much will he repay? A) $20,000; $23,400 B) $16,600; $20,000 Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Financing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8) The APR is larger when money is lent under the discount method than when it is lent under the simple interest method. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Fixed-Interest Rate Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) Amortization refers to the process in which a large proportion of the early payments of an installment loan goes to cover interest, and the later payments have a larger proportion going towards the payment of principal. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Amortization AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) Which of the following is not required by law to be on a loan disclosure statement? A) Annual percentage rate B) All finance charges C) The total amount financed D) The total amount of payments E) All of the above are required. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Loan Disclosure Statement AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 7 Student and Consumer Loans: The Role of Planned Borrowing 171 11) The finance charges for a loan may include A) fees for a credit check. B) required insurance fees. C) interest payments. D) only choices A and B. E) All of the above choices. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) Fred ran short on cash and borrowed $300 through a Payday Loan company. The company charged him a fee of $60 to borrow the $300 for 14 days. Using the simple interest method calculate what interest rate was Fred charged for the aforementioned loan. A) 5.21% B) 52.13% C) 521.29% D) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Payday Loans AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) Payday lenders A) make money by providing one-time assistance during a time of financial need. B) make money by keeping borrowers in debt. C) encourage repeat borrowing. D) all of the above. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Payday Loans AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 14) Veronica was offered a loan using the discount method of calculation by her bank. She will borrow $10,000 for one year at an APR of 11%. How large will the check be that Veronica receives? How much must she repay? A) $11,100; $11,100 B) $10,000; $11,100 C) $8,900; $11,100 D) $8,900; $10,000 E) None of the above is correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Payday Loans AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 172 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 15) In driving around town one day, you noticed most of the payday loan companies were located close to the college and the local military base and there were none out in the newer neighborhoods. Why do you think this is so? A) The rent on these locations is less expensive. B) Payday lenders tend to focus on less experienced borrowers who typically donʹt make a lot of money. C) Because their terms are so affordable people with low incomes really take advantage of them. D) There are zoning laws that require these types of locations for these types of services. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Payday Loans AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) Steven is beginning a new job but has not yet been paid. He needs $400 to pay his rent this month. Steven is going to borrow the money through a Payday Loan establishment. They are charging him an $80 fee to borrow the money for 10 days until he receives his first paycheck. What is the actual interest rate that Steven is being charged? A) 7.3% B) 73.0% C) 730.0%. D) .073% E) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Payday Loans AACSB: Analytical Thinking 17) A rule to determine what proportion of each loan payment is principal and interest is A) the law of 72. B) the N-ratio method. C) the rule of 78. D) the principal-interest mix. E) the add-on method. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Rule of 72 AACSB: Analytical Thinking 18) A simple interest installment loan calculates interest on the unpaid balance. An add -on A) calculates the same way with the addition of a factor. B) calculates interest on the original balance. C) is less costly. D) is more costly. E) both B and D. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Interest Rates AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 7 Student and Consumer Loans: The Role of Planned Borrowing 173 19) Congratulations! You have just graduated from college and are determining what your monthly student loan payments will be. After consolidating all of your loans, you have a balance of $18,000. At 8% APR for 10 years, what will your monthly payments be? A) $1,866.66 B) $161.50 C) $218.39 D) $1,440.14 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Principle 3: The time-value-of-money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 20) You just bought a car and borrowed $15,000 for 5 years at 8% APR. Using the simple interest method; by the time you pay off this loan your total finance costs will be closest to which of the following? A) $6,000 B) $3,249 C) $3,784 D) $1,200 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Financing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 21) A loan that is paid back in a single lump sum payment at the due date of the loan is commonly called a(n) A) fully amortized loan. B) balloon loan. C) installment loan. D) secured loan. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Single Payment Loan / Balloon Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 22) You are headed to the mountains for some climbing this summer and you need some gear. The local mountaineering shop is offering 6% financing on all purchases before the end of the month. Your savings account is currently paying 5%, and you are in a marginal tax bracket of 28%. Which of the following is true? A) Borrow from the mountain shop it is cheaper. B) Take the money out of savings it is cheaper. C) It does not matter where you get the money; it will cost the same. D) You should seek competent financial help. E) None of the above are true. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Interest Rates AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 174 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 23) Your brother, a banker, has just approved a loan for you, an add -on interest loan. You will borrow $2,000 for one year with a 12% annual interest rate. What is your monthly payment? A) $166.67 B) $186.67 C) $240.00 D) $256.78 E) None of the above Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Interest Rates AACSB: Analytical Thinking 24) What is the name of the interest rate banks charge to their most creditworthy customers? A) Main rate B) Blue chip rate C) Prime rate D) Premier rate E) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Prime Rate AACSB: Reflective Thinking 25) You just received a loan from your banker to buy seed and plant your alfalfa field. The loan is a discount loan and is for $5,000 for 1 year and the quoted rate was 10%. What is your APR? A) 10.00% B) 11.11% C) 12.23% D) 14.33% E) None of the above Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Financing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 26) Calculate the interest on $6,000 borrowed at an annual rate of 9% under the simple interest loan method for 9 months. A) $270 B) $360 C) $405 D) $450 E) $540 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Interest Rates AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 7 Student and Consumer Loans: The Role of Planned Borrowing 175 27) Gary is taking out a $5,000 loan for 1 year at an APR of 12%. His bank has offered him a loan using the add-on method. Using first the financial calculator method and the add -on method calculate Garyʹs monthly loan payment. A) $444.24; $466.67 B) $475.00; $448.94 Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Financing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 28) The ________ is the true simple interest rate paid over the life of a loan and provides a reasonable approximation for the true cost of borrowing. A) APP B) APR C) ADR D) ARR E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Annual Percentage Rate AACSB: Analytical Thinking 29) You have just obtained a personal loan for a new home movie system under the simple interest method. You have borrowed $12,000 for 9 months at an annual rate of 10%. Your marginal tax rate is 28%. What are the total interest charges you would pay if the loan is paid off on time? A) $1,200 B) $1,080 C) $900 D) $648 E) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Interest Rates AACSB: Analytical Thinking 30) Which is better, a fixed-rate loan or a variable-rate loan? A) A fixed-rate loan, because the lender bears the risk that interest rates will go up B) A fixed-rate loan, because they generally cost less than variable -rate loans C) A variable-rate loan, because they generally cost less than fixed-rate loans D) A variable rate loan, because the lender bears the risk that interest rates will go up E) Neither is necessarily better; the choice illustrates the ʺrisk and return go hand in handʺ principle. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Variable Interest Rate Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 176 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 31) What strategy should you use to obtain the lowest possible APR on a loan? A) Get a variable-rate loan. B) Keep the term (length) of the loan as short as possible. C) Make a large down payment. D) Provide collateral. E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Interest Rates AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 32) Give five things you can do to obtain the most favorable rates on loans, which in essence will allow you to lower the lenderʹs risk. Answer: - Develop a strong credit rating. - Use a variable-rate loan. - Keep the term of the loan as short as possible. - Provide collateral for the loan. - Put a large down payment toward the purchase. Diff: 2 Topic: Credit Risk AACSB: Reflective Thinking 33) Explain why add-on installment loans are more expensive than simple interest loans. Answer: The add-on method generally results in an APR of close to twice the level of the stated interest rate because you are paying interest on the original principal over the entire life of the loan. Even though the amount of outstanding principal keeps decreasing as you pay back the loan, you still pay interest on the entire amount you originally borrowed. Diff: 2 Topic: Installment Loan AACSB: Reflective Thinking 34) Why is the discount method more costly than the simple interest method on a single-payment loan? Answer: Under the discount method, with the interest taken out before you receive the loan, you actually receive a smaller principal than the stated principal of the loan. Diff: 2 Topic: Single Payment Loan / Balloon Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7.3 Getting the Best Rate on Your Consumer Loans 1) Which of the following does not require you to have a good credit rating to issue you a loan? A) Your family B) Savings and loan C) Commercial bank D) All of the above require a good credit rating to issue a loan. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Finance Company AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 7 Student and Consumer Loans: The Role of Planned Borrowing 177 2) Which of the following statements would most correctly complete the following sentence? As the interest rate on a loan increases A) the loan maturity would decrease (other things held constant). B) the payment amount would decrease (other things held constant). C) the amoritization would increase (other things held constant). D) the payment amount would increase (other things held constant). E) none of the above. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Interest Rates AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) Which of the following statements regarding the risk-return relationship is most accurate? A) Lower credit scores are associated with lower APRs. B) Higher credit scores are associated with lower APRs. C) Longer loan length is associated with lower APRs. D) Shorter loan length is associated with higher APRs. E) Both B and D are correct. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Principle 8: Risk and return go hand in hand AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) With a(n) ________ installment loan, interest charges are calculated using the original balance, and these charges are then added to the loan. A) simple interest method B) partial amortization method C) discount method D) add-on method E) none of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Installment Loan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) Of the following possible sources of credit, which typically has the lowest borrowing rates? A) Savings and loans B) Personal finance company C) Credit union D) Commercial bank Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Consumer Loan AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 178 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 6) What is the type of loan where the entire interest charge is subtracted from the loan principal before you receive the money, and at maturity you repay the entire principal? A) Simple interest method B) Partial amortization method C) Discount method D) Add-on method E) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Single Payment Loan / Balloon Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) Nealʹs life insurance policy has a cash value of $100,000. He wants to purchase a second home to rent out. How much can Neal borrow against the surrender value of his life insurance policy? A) $50,000 B) $75,000 C) $95,000 D) $100,000 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Finance Company AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8) List examples of loans or loan sources that fit into the categories of inexpensive, more expensive, and most expensive. Answer: - Inexpensive: family, home equity loans, secured loans, loans against the cash value of life insurance - More expensive: credit unions, S&Ls and commercial banks, unsecured loans - Most expensive: financing from retail stores, finance and small loan companies Diff: 2 Topic: Interest Rates AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) Why is the debt limit ratio and 28/36 rule more important to conservative lenders like Banks and Credit Unions and not so important for lenders like small Finance companies and Payday lenders? Answer: Principle 8 states that risk and return go hand in hand. With the conservative lenders like Banks and Credit Unions, they are lending their depositors money and not their own money. They are also regulated by the FDIC and NCUA. This means that they generally will not lend money to people with no or poor credit or collateral, itʹs just too risky for them to do so. With the other, more aggressive lenders, itʹs their investorsʹ money. These investors voluntarily provide money to earn the higher return associated with riskier loans. Even if a portion of the loans fail, the return on the performing loans outweighs the losses. These aggressive lenders take advantage of desperate or naive people who canʹt borrow from the conservative lenders for whatever reasons. Desperate and naive people do desperate and naive things, many times causing severe financial distress. Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Institutions AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 7 Student and Consumer Loans: The Role of Planned Borrowing 179 7.4 Controlling Your Use of Debt 1) The 28/36 rule says that as long as your total debt payments are under 36 percent of your gross income then you are not overextended. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Debt Limit Ratio AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) Lenders tend to like to see borrowers put down large down payments for loans because this is seen as increasing the borrowerʹs desire to pay off the loan since the borrower now has equity in the collateral. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Credit Risk AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) Not having health insurance could lead to filing for bankruptcy if one has incurred large medical expenses and is unable to pay these bills off in a timely manner. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Bankruptcy AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) Debt consolidation loans are very appealing because A) they offer liquidation to those who are in good standing with their creditors. B) they offer hope to those who canʹt keep up with their current payment schedules. C) they offer relinquishment of all debts and financial obligations to those who canʹt keep up with their current payment schedules. D) all of the above Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Debt Consolidation Loan AACSB: Reflective Thinking 5) Suppose that you are interested in buying a home, but are unsure of how much you can afford. What is the best way to determine your prospects for obtaining a mortgage? A) Calculate your debt limit ratio. B) Figure the 28/36 rule. C) Determine what your mortgage payment will be. D) Determine what your income taxes will be. E) Both B and C are correct answers. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Credit Risk AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 180 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 6) Many lenders use the 28/36 rule in evaluating mortgage applications. If your mortgage payment itself is 28% of your gross income, that means that the remainder of your monthly debt must be ________% or less. A) 6 B) 7 C) 8 D) 28 E) 36 Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Debt Limit Ratio AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) Many lenders will hold Dave to the 28/36 rule in evaluating his application for a mortgage. What does the 36 mean? A) A down payment of 36 months is required. B) A down payment of 36% is required. C) Debt payments including mortgage must be less than 36% of his gross monthly income. D) Debt payments must be less than 36% of his monthly take -home pay. E) Mortgage insurance is required during the first 36 months of the loan. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Credit Risk AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8) Sharry is interested in buying her first home. Currently her monthly gross income is $3,000. From this she makes a car payment of $240, a personal loan payment of $300 and a student loan payment of $85. Based on this information would a bank approve Sharry for a mortgage? A) Yes B) No Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Debt Limit Ratio AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) Brenda found out that reputable lenders use the 28/36 rule when determining mortgage qualification. Brenda currently grosses $6,000 per month. From this she pays a $200 car payment; a personal loan of $100 and a student loan payment of $90. Based on this information, would Brenda qualify for a mortgage? A) Yes B) No Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Credit Risk AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) What will the courts do if you file Chapter 7 personal bankruptcy? A) Confiscate most of your assets. B) Liquidate most of your assets to pay off creditors. C) Eliminate most of your debts. D) Allow you a chance to start again financially. E) all of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Bankruptcy AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 7 Student and Consumer Loans: The Role of Planned Borrowing 181 11) A Chapter 13 personal bankruptcy is characterized by all of the following except A) you continue to pay at least a portion of most of your debts. B) you maintain title and possession of your assets. C) your creditors vote on restructuring your debt repayments. D) a new debt repayment schedule is determined. E) you get relief from harassment by bill collectors. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Bankruptcy AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) What can a couple seeking to get out of debt do? A) Avoid future use of credit card debt, except on a emergency basis. B) Use savings to pay off current debt. C) See if their creditors will restructure their loans. D) Seek help from a reputable credit counselor. E) All of the above are correct. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Credit Counselor AACSB: Reflective Thinking 13) Which of these are possible options for most people who cannot pay their bills? A) Get help from a credit counselor. B) Obtain a debt consolidation loan. C) Declare Chapter 13 personal bankruptcy. D) Declare Chapter 7 personal bankruptcy. E) All of the above are possible options. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Credit Counselor AACSB: Reflective Thinking 14) What are some of the leading causes of bankruptcy? Answer: Major illness: This generally comes with major costs and can mean the loss of a job. Credit: Easy availability of credit leads to living beyond your means. Divorce: Itʹs expensive, what with lawyers, child support, alimony, and splitting up assets. Job loss: Bills continue to come in, and with no income, savings can be wiped out. Diff: 2 Topic: Bankruptcy AACSB: Application of Knowledge Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 182 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 15) How do you know how much debt you can comfortably afford? Answer: By applying the debt limit ratio you can see, from a lenderʹs point of view, the limitation on consumer debt. It is calculated by dividing your monthly non-mortgage debt payments by your total monthly take-home pay. Ideally, it should be below 15% because you will still have some borrowing reserve for emergencies and the unexpected, and it will be easier to obtain additional borrowing. You should put a maximum of 20% on consumer debt. Once you pass this point, it will be difficult to borrow more, and your ability to meet your monthly financial obligations will be severely limited. Diff: 2 Topic: Debt Limit Ratio AACSB: Reflective Thinking 16) Debt consolidation loans can be a very good thing for some people but they can also be dangerous to some. Explain the benefits and dangers of a debt consolidation loan. Answer: If you are fortunate enough to have sufficient collateral and credit score to obtain a consolidation loan with an affordable APR and term, you can generally lower your monthly payments, especially when eliminating expensive credit card debt. You have to choose however, whether the fixed payment commitment of an installment loan and, possibly, higher finance charges over the length of the loan outweigh the financial pressures of the original debt. You also have to weigh your personal discipline and self control to not run up new debt on top of the consolidation loan. Some unfortunate people end up worse off with additional debt than when they started. If you use the equity in your home for collateral for the new loan, now you have put your home in financial jeopardy. The non-profit Credit Counselors recommend cutting up your credit cards to remove the temptation. Diff: 3 Topic: Debt Consolidation Loan AACSB: Reflective Thinking 17) Samuel is having financial troubles. He owes a significant amount of money to his ex -wife for child support payments, he is also behind on his student loans and has not paid his taxes for the last five years. Sam is considering filing for personal bankruptcy. Why might this not be a wise financial decision for him? Answer: This would not be wise decision because none of his listed debt: child support, student loans and back taxes are dischargeable through a bankruptcy filing. He cannot get away from paying these debts. Diff: 3 Topic: Bankruptcy AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7.5 Student Loans and Paying for College 1) Today, about 75 percent of high school graduates choose to attend four-year colleges, community colleges, technical schools, or the workforce. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 7 Student and Consumer Loans: The Role of Planned Borrowing 183 2) Student who are awarded grants must pay back a percentage of the amount after graduation. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) Income-based repayment plans are based on a percentage of discretionary income, not the amount owed, and provide a 25-year term of payments before loan forgiveness. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) A 529 plan is a tax-advantaged savings plan designed to encourage parents to save for future college costs for their children. The plan comes in two forms: pre-paid tuition plans and college savings plans. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Savings for College AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) Direct subsidized loans are made only to undergraduates who demonstrate financial need. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) The interest that you pay on your student loans will lower your taxable income if you meet IRS guidelines. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) Student loans are loans with federally subsidized interest rates given, based on financial need, to students making satisfactory progress in their degree programs. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Information Technology 8) Under a Stafford Loan, parents borrow money for their childʹs education. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 184 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 9) Under a Federal Direct Loan, you donʹt begin making payments until six months after graduation. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Information Technology 10) Student loans are a smart source of financing for school because you only pay part of the interest charges and the rest is subsidized by the lender. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 11) Frank ran up a large credit card bill as an undergraduate student, he also took out as much in student loans as possible. He is now unable to pay his credit card debt and his student loan debt. However, he has decided to declare bankruptcy to eliminate his debt. Frank will be able to eliminate his federally subsidized student loan debt by declaring bankruptcy. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 12) The ________ is the automatic repayment plan with a 10-year term. A) extended repayment B) standard repayment D) graduated repayment C) income-based repayment Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) ________ is when a borrower is allowed to temporarily stop making student loan payments for a qualified reason such as an illness, financial hardship, or serving in a medical or dental internship or residency. A) Deferment B) Delinquency C) Forbearance D) Default Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 7 Student and Consumer Loans: The Role of Planned Borrowing 185 14) When borrowing for college, one thing to keep in mind is that youʹre not just paying for one year of school. About half of all colleges practice what is called ʺfront loading of grants,ʺ which means that A) grants awarded in the fall will be worth more than grants awarded in the spring semester. B) your grants as a freshman will be more generous than your grants as a sophomore, junior, or senior. C) your grants will progressively increase as your graduation date approaches. D) the more your parents or guardians pay upfront for your college expenses, the less grants you will receive. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 15) Which statement is true regarding direct unsubsidized loans? A) The federal government pays the loanʹs interest while the student is still in school. B) Such loans are made to undergraduate, graduate, and professional students. C) Students have to demonstrate financial need in order to receive the loans. D) All of the above are true. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) When do the payments on a Stafford Loan begin? A) When your school receives the money from the government B) When your loan balance gets over $5,000 C) You can choose when your payments begin anytime within 24 months of your graduation date. D) None of the above is correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 17) A federal direct subsidized loan has tremendous advantages over other types of loans, including A) the interest is deferred while you are in school. B) they have low monthly payments and a 20% balloon payment after 5 years. C) they use the add-on method to determine your monthly payment. D) none of the above. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 186 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 18) An advantage that direct or subsidized student loans have over other types of loans is A) the after-tax interest rates are very attractive compared with other loans. B) you can borrow at a below-market rate, regardless of your credit situation. C) in an emergency, you can declare bankruptcy and avoid repayment. D) you have the rest of your life to pay it back. E) both A and B are correct. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 19) Name the four common loans available for college students. Answer: The four common loans include the Stafford Loan, Perkins Loan, Parent Loan, and Supplemental Loan for Students. Diff: 1 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 20) What are the opportunity costs associated with Student loans? Answer: Depending on the amount you borrow and how long you are in school, you may end up with a fairly large loan balance to repay upon completion or termination of your education. Ideally, your education will allow you to obtain a decent salary that is sufficient to allow you a good standard of living while repaying the loan. Regardless, student loan payments are included in the debt limit ratio and 28/36 rule so they may prevent you from obtaining additional credit or a mortgage until you payoff the student loan. Student loan payments can be a burden on young families with children. You canʹt avoid or evade student loan debt via bankruptcy either. Diff: 3 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Reflective Thinking 21) Name two tax credits available to help offset education costs. Answer: American Opportunity Credit: allows you to claim $2,500 per year for the first four years. Lifetime Learning Credit: allows you to claim $2,000 per year for college costs. Diff: 1 Topic: Tax Credit AACSB: Application of Knowledge 22) According to the Keown book, how do you finance your college education without mortgaging your future? Answer: The answer is to understand: The consequences of your choice of school and of your course of study. The costs, including tuition and living expenses, and how to borrow less and borrow smarter. How to manage your money well while on campus. How to repay your loans without sacrificing your financial goals. Diff: 2 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 7 Student and Consumer Loans: The Role of Planned Borrowing 187 23) List three reasons why a student-loan borrower may be granted a deferment. Answer: The borrower might receive a deferment if he or she is enrolled at least half -time in school, is unemployed, or meets hardship standards. Diff: 2 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 24) Describe the four types of student-loan repayment plans. Answer: Standard repayment (10-year term; you pay the lowest amount of interest): this is the automatic repayment plan, unless you choose another plan. Extended repayment (10- to 30-year term): additional number of payments and additional interest paid. Income-based repayment (25-year term of payments before loan forgiveness): based on a percentage of discretionary income, not the amount owed; yields low monthly payments but additional interest paid. Graduated repayment (25- to 30-year term of payments before loan forgiveness): starts low, with monthly payment increasing every two years; yields low monthly payments but additional interest paid. Diff: 3 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 25) Describe in detail the characteristics of the direct subsidized and unsubsidized student loans from the Federal government. Answer: Based on income limitations, you may qualify for the direct, subsidized loan from the government. With these loans, the government pays your interest on your loan disbursements while you are actively enrolled in school. This prevents the interest on your loans from accruing interest while you are still a student. Six months after you complete your degree program or withdraw from school, your loan amoritization payments with interest will start. With a direct, unsubsidized loan, the interest starts accruing every time you receive a disbursement, resulting in the interest accruing interest while you are in school leaving you with a larger loan balance and payments when you start paying the loan back. Diff: 3 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 The Home and Automobile Decision 8.1 Smart Buying 1) Carrying credit cards can increase impulse purchasing. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Smart Buying AACSB: Reflective Thinking 2) Smart buying means buying what you want first and figuring out how youʹll pay for it later. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Smart Buying AACSB: Reflective Thinking 3) Smart buying means enjoying the highest standard of living that you can based on your income and budget. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Smart Buying AACSB: Reflective Thinking 4) When making a smart purchase you donʹt need to consider such charges as delivery fees, installation fees or service costs as these are already included in the purchase price. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Smart Buying AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) How can you benefit from following the smart buying steps? A) Smart buying allows a higher standard of living because you make smarter purchases. B) Smart buying allows you to buy what you want when you want it. C) Smart buying helps you maintain your budget. D) Both A and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Smart Buying AACSB: Reflective Thinking 6) ________ is a publication that provides unbiased ratings and recommendations for a host of products and services A) USA Consumer B) Consumer Reports C) People Magazine D) Bloomberg Weekly Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Smart Buying AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 The Home and Automobile Decision 189 7) Name the steps in smart buying. Answer: Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Differentiate want from need Do your homework. Make your purchase. Maintain your purchase. Diff: 1 Topic: Smart Buying AACSB: Reflective Thinking 8) Give at least six tips on smart buying. Answer: Take advantage of sales, but compare prices. Donʹt assume an item is a bargain just because it is advertised as one. Donʹt rush into a large purchase because the ʺprice is only good today.ʺ Be aware of extra charges and add them into the total cost. Ask about the sellerʹs refund and exchange policy. Always read a contract before signing it. Walk out or hang up on high-pressure sales tactics. Donʹt do business over the phone with companies you donʹt know. Diff: 1 Topic: Smart Buying AACSB: Reflective Thinking 9) How does smart buying improve your standard of living? Answer: Following smart buying prevents you from wasting your money on impulsive purchases that you may not need or with features you donʹt really need or at a higher price than you should pay. By saving money this way it makes it easier to stick with your budget and savings goals and still buy other products that you will enjoy. Smart buying is not necessarily being frugal or stingy it just means getting the most value out of your limited budget. Proper maintenance of products prolongs their useful life freeing up money that would go to replacement for some other worthwhile use. Diff: 3 Topic: Smart Buying AACSB: Reflective Thinking 10) According to the Keown Book, what are some tips on making a complaint to a company? Answer: A good strategy is to write a brief, concise letter describing the problem and stating exactly how you would like the matter to be resolved. Avoid writing an angry, sarcastic, or threatening letter. When possible, include copies of all documents regarding your problem; be sure to keep the originals. Maintain a record of whom you spoke to, along with dates and times of your contact. Diff: 3 Topic: Smart Buying AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 190 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 8.2 Smart Buying in Action: Buying a Vehicle 1) Automobile leasing is actually just a long-term rental agreement with the lessor. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Automobile Leasing AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) According to Edmunds.com, a new carʹs value declines by 15 to 19 percent in the first minute of ownership after you leave the lot. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Smart Buying Automobiles AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) Open-end leases are leases in which you return the vehicle at the end of the lease and you have no further responsibilities. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Automobile Leasing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) An automobile warranty provides coverage for the basic parts against manufacturerʹs defects for a set period of time or miles. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Smart Buying Automobiles AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) Evaluating whether you need or simply want a sun roof is an example of using the smart buying steps. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Smart Buying Automobiles AACSB: Reflective Thinking 6) The monthly payments on a 36-month lease on a car will often be smaller than the monthly payments on a 36-month loan to purchase the car. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Automobile Leasing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) Leasing a car may make sense if you drive over 25,000 miles a year. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Automobile Leasing AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 The Home and Automobile Decision 191 8) The first step at the car dealership is to negotiate the best price that you can on the car that you need. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Smart Buying Automobiles AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) A 48-month lease on a car with a 36-month manufacturerʹs warranty is a gamble. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Automobile Leasing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) For most cars, the manufacturerʹs warranty extends through the first seven years of ownership or the first 70,000 miles, whichever comes first. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Smart Buying Automobiles AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 11) Stretching a car loan from 48 months to 60 months means the car will end up costing you more when you have paid in full. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Smart Buying Automobiles AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) Stretching a car loan from 48 months to 60 months means the car will end up resulting in a smaller monthly payment. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Automobile Leasing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) Suppose that you are at the end of your automobile lease. The leasing company has just informed you that the carʹs market value is greater than its residual value and they will be sending you a refund. What type of lease did you have? A) Closed-end lease B) Open-end lease C) Walk-away lease D) Residual lease E) None of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Automobile Leasing AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 192 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 14) You have been having significant problems with your new car. Every time you turn around something is breaking or not working properly. Fortunately, the ʺlemon lawsʺ are there to help. Which of the following is not one of the criteria for application of the lemon laws? A) You have made at least four attempts to solve the problem. B) Your car has been out of service for at least 30 days during the first year after purchase. C) You have under 12,000 miles on the car. D) You must return the vehicle to the original dealership. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Smart Buying Automobiles AACSB: Analytical Thinking 15) Which of the following factors plays a role in determining the monthly lease payment of a car? A) The agreed-upon price of the vehicle B) The length of the lease C) Your down payment plus any trade-in allowance or rebate D) The value of the vehicle at the end of the lease E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Automobile Leasing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) Another name for a closed-end lease is a(n) A) take-out lease. B) walk-away lease. C) end-purchase lease. D) terminal lease. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Automobile Leasing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 17) In auto sales, a ________ is an amount of money, generally in the 2% to 3% range, that the manufacturer gives the dealer for selling an automobile. A) holdback B) rebate C) kickback D) markup E) none of the above Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Smart Buying Automobiles AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 The Home and Automobile Decision 193 18) Suppose that you were thinking about leasing a new vehicle. Which of the following should not be an important consideration? A) I drive less than 15,000 miles annually. B) I like to get a new car every few years. C) I dislike the hassle of trading-in or selling cars. D) Itʹs the only way I can afford the vehicle that I want. E) I dislike the hassle of maintenance. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Automobile Leasing AACSB: Reflective Thinking 19) You disagree with Ed ʺShiftyʺ Smith, a car salesperson, on the price of an open -end lease. He says the depreciation charge is only $6,000. What is the actual depreciation charge for a car now worth $23,000 that is expected to drop in value to $15,000 in two years? A) $7,000 B) $7,500 C) $8,000 D) $11,500 E) $15,500 Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Automobile Leasing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 20) Billy has chosen to purchase a new vehicle. The vehicle costs $15,000. His APR is 10% and he will be financing the vehicle for 36 months. How much will Billy pay each month for his new vehicle? A) $484.01 B) $296.35 C) $312.66 D) $405.29 E) $496.33 Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Automobile Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 21) Abraham is buying a new truck. The sale price for the truck is $23,410. His bank is loaning him the money at an APR of 6.5 for 5 years. How much will Abrahamʹs monthly truck payment be? A) $229.36 B) $375.88 C) $307.65 D) $402.35 E) $458.04 Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Automobile Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 22) Over the past decade, the number of new car sales are down and the number of new car leases are up. What is probably the main reason why this is true? A) The salesman makes a higher commission when cars are leased. B) The manufacturers prefer it when people lease instead of purchase. C) New cars are getting so expensive that the average person canʹt afford to buy them. D) Both A and B are correct. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Automobile Leasing AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 194 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 23) What kind of valuable information can you find online at websites such as Edmunds.com or Autosite.com concerning smart buying for automobiles? A) The dealer cost and dealer holdback for the automobile you are interested in. B) The trade-in value on your current automobile. C) The final price you will pay for the automobile at the dealership. D) Only A and B are correct. E) All of the above are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Smart Buying Automobiles AACSB: Information Technology 24) Congratulations! You have just agreed on the final price for your new car and now you have to finance the purchase. The negotiated price of the new car is $18,500 and you will receive $5,500 for your trade-in. What will your monthly payment be on a 48-month loan with a 7% APR? A) $281.25 B) $311.30 C) $385.42 D) $443.01 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Financing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 25) If you are considering purchasing a used car you should A) do some research so youʹll know a fair price for the vehicle youʹre looking for. B) ask questions about the mechanical history of the car, including whether it has been in any accidents. C) have the car inspected by a mechanic before you purchase it. D) all of the above Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Smart Buying Automobiles AACSB: Reflective Thinking 26) Candice is purchasing a new Jeep. She has the price negotiated down to what she thought was the lowest possible price until she heard that her Jeep has a holdback amount of 3%. Is it fair for Candice to ask the dealership to take the holdback amount off her final sales price? A) Absolutely, this would decrease the mark up price of the Jeep and save Candice additional dollars. B) No. The dealership would most likely lose money on the sale. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Smart Buying Automobiles AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 The Home and Automobile Decision 195 27) List the four steps in the automobile decision. Answer: Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Differentiate want from need. Do your homework. Make the purchase. Maintain the purchase. Diff: 1 Topic: Smart Buying Automobiles AACSB: Reflective Thinking 28) Rob Roy is toying with the idea of buying a used car every three years instead of leasing or buying a new one. Assuming he can find a one-owner with low miles in good condition, what advantages might he enjoy? Answer: Today, there are many good used cars on the market because so many people are leasing new cars instead of buying them. When the leases are up, the dealers put them on the ʺpre-ownedʺ lot. In general, a used car costs less and requires less down payment. A used car tends to decline in value much more slowly than a new car. A used car can be a real money saver. The savings from buying a used car instead of a new one every three years have been estimated to be between $1,500 and $2,000 per year, which will put more dollars in your pocket to spend on other things you want. Diff: 2 Topic: Smart Buying Automobiles AACSB: Reflective Thinking 29) List the factors that go into a monthly lease payment and tell how the dollar value of a lease is calculated. Answer: -the agreed-upon price -any other up-front fees -down payment plus any trade-in allowance or rebate -value of the vehicle at the end of the lease -rent or finance charges -length of the lease The dollar value of the lease is found by subtracting the projected value of the car at the end of the lease from the current market value upon signing the lease. Diff: 3 Topic: Automobile Leasing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 30) Describe the keys to obtaining a ʺgoodʺ lease. Answer: First, negotiate a fair agreed-upon value for the car. Be sure to see that the warranty covers the entire lease period so you do not have to pay for major repairs. Make sure that ʺnormal wear and tearʺ is defined in the contract and that you understand the termination fees. Make sure you have adequate insurance protection. Last, find a car that does not depreciate quickly and has a low rent or finance charge. Diff: 3 Topic: Automobile Leasing AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 196 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 31) What are the basic financing options when considering a new vehicle? Answer: The basic options are to pay cash, trade evenly, borrow money, lease, trade up and pay the extra, trade down and get the difference. Diff: 1 Topic: Smart Buying Automobiles AACSB: Analytical Thinking 32) Write a paragraph giving at least five important tips on buying a new car. Answer: Find out the dealerʹs invoice price for the vehicle and negotiate a price. Check out all rebates and discounts. Get price quotes from several dealers. Keep your trade-in negotiations separate from the main deal. Compare financing from several sources before you sign the contract. Think twice about adding extra options and agreements. Diff: 2 Topic: Smart Buying Automobiles AACSB: Reflective Thinking 33) Bridgette Rojeau has found a beautiful late model used car on a dealerʹs lot. It is just what she has always wanted. Give her seven tips on buying this dream car. Answer: Check newspaper ads and used-car guides at a local library to know what is a fair price for the car you want. Remember, prices are negotiable. Look up factory repair recalls for this model. Shop during daylight hours so you can see what you are getting. Always take a long test drive, driving it in town and out on the road. Check all workable parts that you understand yourself. Have an independent mechanic inspect the car thoroughly before buying it and expect to pay him or her for it. Ask questions about the previous owner and mechanical history of the vehicle. Check to see if there is an original warranty. Diff: 2 Topic: Smart Buying Automobiles AACSB: Reflective Thinking 34) Why is it that you should not tell the salesperson what you want your monthly payment to be before you negotiate the final price on the car? Answer: A good salesperson can make the car payment come out where you want it to be by either convincing you to lease instead of purchase or by stretching the term of the lease or the loan. If you are financing the loan with the dealership and they know your APR, your payment, length of loan you desire, then using Time Value of Money skills they can easily calculate how much to charge you for the vehicle. Diff: 2 Topic: Smart Buying Automobiles AACSB: Analytical Thinking 35) Name six factors that will determine your monthly lease payment. Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The agreed-upon price of the vehicle Upfront fees, such as taxes, insurance, or service contracts Your down payment plus any trade-in allowance or rebate The value of the vehicle at the end of the lease The rent or finance charges The length of the lease Diff: 2 Topic: Automobile Leasing AACSB: Application of Knowledge Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 The Home and Automobile Decision 197 36) Leasing a car may make sense for some people but there are disadvantages to leasing. What are the disadvantages to leasing a car verses purchasing the car outright? Answer: When you lease the car you never build equity into the asset. This limits your choices when the lease expires. You either have to buy the car you leased at the purchase option or you have to get another car. The problem is that you donʹt have a car to trade -in so most people end up leasing another car instead of buying. When you purchase a car, you eventually build equity and own the car outright after you have paid off the loan. Now you have choices where you can just keep the car with no more payments or trade the car in towards another car, reducing the financing needs for the new car. Diff: 3 Topic: Automobile Leasing AACSB: Reflective Thinking 8.3 Smart Buying in Action: Housing 1) A co-op is an apartment building owned by a corporation where residents of the building are stock holders. When you buy into a co-op, you buy shares that reflect the dollar value of your space. The larger and more desirable the space you want requires purchase of more shares. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Condominium AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) If you are the type of person who wants complete control over the style and decoration of your home, then a condominium or cooperative would be an appropriate housing decision for you. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Condominium AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) If the roof of your condominium building needs expensive repairs, then the condominium board will pay for repairs at no expense to you. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Condominium AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) An assessment is a voluntary contribution by the condominium owners. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Condominium AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) The common areas in a condominium complex may include swimming pools, parking lots, and grounds. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Condominium AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 198 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 6) A condominium is a good choice of housing for someone seeking an affordable, low-maintenance situation with some shared amenities. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Condominium AACSB: Reflective Thinking 7) The Internet can help you research neighborhoods and find a community in which youʹd like to live. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8) For many consumers, a good school district is an important consideration when purchasing a home. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Reflective Thinking 9) A co-op would be a wise choice for a consumer who wishes to pay no property taxes. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) The typical down payment is 20% for traditional mortgage loans. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) Because a co-op is technically not a ʺhomeʺ it does not charge a homeownerʹs fee. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) Special assessments are fees that can be charged to cooperative shareholders and condominium owners to cover large maintenance and repair items. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Condominium AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) A down payment is the initial buyerʹs equity in the asset being purchased. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Down Payment AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 The Home and Automobile Decision 199 14) An appraisal is an estimate of what your home and property are worth. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 15) A loan origination fee is a fee paid to the lender, generally in the $1,200 to $1,300 range, and covers some of their costs of processing and finalizing the loan. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Mortgage Loan AACSB: Information Technology 16) A title search fee is paid to an attorney or title company for searching ownership records to make sure the person selling you the property really owns it. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Closing Costs AACSB: Information Technology 17) You, not your lender, should determine the amount you want to borrow for a mortgage. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Reflective Thinking 18) An appraisal is a typical but not required part of the mortgage approval process. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Mortgage Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 19) In many states rental deposits are to be kept in a bank account separate from the landlordʹs general funds. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Deposit Accounts AACSB: Analytical Thinking 20) A mortgage with a 20% down payment will have a higher APR than one with less than 20% down. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Mortgage Loan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 200 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 21) A mortgage for less than 80% of the appraised value of the home will not require PMI insurance because they default less often. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Private Mortgage Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 22) Itʹs advisable to always take the biggest loan that a lender will give you. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Mortgage Loan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 23) PITI stands for the total of your monthly principal, income, taxes, and insurance. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: PITI AACSB: Analytical Thinking 24) Which should you consider when house hunting? A) The selling price C) The school district B) The neighborhood D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 25) What drawbacks might a co-op have over a house for a family of eight who are relocating to a new area and need to purchase a home? A) More expensive to purchase B) More expensive to operate and maintain C) Less freedom to make changes and less privacy D) No ownership of shares in the corporation Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Condominium AACSB: Analytical Thinking 26) Which of the following is not an advantage of living in a condo? A) Limited maintenance B) Building equity for resale and investment C) Direct ownership of a specific unit D) Freedom from neighbors Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Condominium AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 The Home and Automobile Decision 201 27) Which one of the following is not a key to finding housing that fits your needs? A) Location B) Deciding what features you are looking for C) Present needs D) Insurance costs E) Future needs Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Reflective Thinking 28) In evaluating your financial history, lenders generally focus on which of the following? A) Your income B) Your credit report C) Your FICO score D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 29) What would be the best housing choice for a young family with children? A) A home in a questionable school district. B) A condominium that caters to young adults with active lifestyles. C) A co-op with little privacy. D) A house in a neighborhood with families that have children. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Reflective Thinking 30) Which of the following housing alternatives puts the responsibility for maintenance and repairs on the occupant? A) Home ownership B) A co-op C) A condo D) A rental unit Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 31) PITI stands for the total of your monthly A) principal, income, taxes, and insurance. B) principal, interest, taxes, and insurance. C) principal, interest, taxes, and income. D) premiums, interest, taxes, and insurance. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: PITI AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 202 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 32) When following smart buying to purchase a home you should A) create a budget and determine what PITI you can afford. B) check out your FICO score and get a copy of your credit report. C) look at your overall financial plan to determine how big a loan you should take on. D) determine how much of a down payment you can afford. E) all of the above. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Reflective Thinking 33) Jackie is considering obtaining a mortgage of $333,000. A lower APR is available, but she must pay 1.75 points to buy the rate down. How much must Jackie pay in dollars? A) $1,357 B) $3,300 C) $5,828 D) $8,333 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Points AACSB: Application of Knowledge 34) Private mortgage insurance typically is not needed with a down payment of 20% or larger. Why? A) Not true, all mortgage loans require PMI. B) Buyers who have large down payments donʹt choose the extra insurance. C) Buyers who invest large down payments are more motivated to make their mortgage payments. D) All of the above E) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Private Mortgage Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 35) You are a newlywed, and you and your spouse have just found your dream home. Problem is, you do not have 20% for a down payment on the house. You will probably need to obtain A) EAR. B) PMI. C) PTI. D) APR. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Private Mortgage Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 The Home and Automobile Decision 203 36) You are considering the purchase of an acre of land out in the country to build your future house on. You pay for an investigation of the public record to determine the current legal owner of the property. This is called a(n) A) legal entity search. B) title search. C) appraisal search. D) escrow search. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Title Search AACSB: Information Technology 37) You have just obtained a mortgage to purchase your home. The ________ that you paid to obtain the loan are charges that must be paid at the time of the sale and serve to raise the effective cost of the loan. A) points B) closing fees C) escrow fees D) security fees E) none of the above Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Points AACSB: Analytical Thinking 38) You are in the process of purchasing a new home. Expenses that the buyer and seller incur when finalizing the transfer of the ownership of the house are called A) end costs. B) finalization costs. C) transfer fees. D) closing costs. E) none of the above. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Closing Costs AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 39) You are considering obtaining a mortgage of $220,000. A lower APR is available, but you must pay 2 points to buy the rate down. How much must you pay in dollars? A) $1,100 B) $2,200 C) $3,300 D) $4,400 E) $6,600 Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Points AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 204 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 40) How much would the monthly payment be on a mortgage of $250,000 for 30 years at a rate of 6.0%? A) $1,498.87 B) $1,779.48 C) $743.66 D) $721.73 E) $1,450.03 Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Mortgage Loan Payments AACSB: Analytical Thinking 41) With private mortgage insurance, many lenders will allow you to borrow more than 80% of the appraised value of the home. What is the purpose of this action? A) The insurance will pay for damages to the home during the course of the mortgage. B) It is required by federal and state law. C) It protects the lender in the event the borrower is unable to make the mortgage payments. D) It protects the borrower from foreclosure. E) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Private Mortgage Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 42) Select the one cost that is not involved in home ownership. A) Down payment B) Closing/settlement costs C) Rental deposit D) Points/discount points E) Loan origination fee Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 43) When you decide to buy a home, which of these questions should be answered? A) What is the maximum amount that a bank will lend me? B) Should I borrow up to this maximum? C) How big of a down payment can I afford? D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 The Home and Automobile Decision 205 44) Bob and Marilyn Hartin know the bank will carefully evaluate their situation before lending them the money for the mortgage for their new home. Which is not a consideration? A) Their financial history B) The number of children they have C) Their level of debt D) Their ability to pay E) Appraised home value Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Mortgage Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 45) Name the items that are deposited in an escrow account. A) Principal, interest, title fee, insurance B) Utility payments, homeownerʹs association dues C) Property taxes, property insurance D) PMI premiums, homeownerʹs association dues E) Liens, closing costs, points Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Escrow AACSB: Analytical Thinking 46) Which of the following is not a recurring housing cost? A) Mortgage payments B) PITI C) Points D) Maintenance and operating costs E) Homeownerʹs insurance Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 47) Name the steps in the housing decision. Answer: Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Pre-shopping homework The selection process Make the purchase Post-purchase activities Diff: 1 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 206 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 48) What are the common options for housing? Answer: -Purchase a home. -Buy into a cooperative. -Purchase a condo. -Rent an apartment. Diff: 1 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 49) Give the major financial advantages of home ownership. Answer: Owning a home is one of the only true tax shelters left today. You can deduct the mortgage interest, property taxes, and home equity loan interest (in most cases). You may find the monthly mortgage payment actually less than a monthly rental, thus improving your cash flow. For most people, the home is the single largest investment they will make. By following the smart buying principles most homes will appreciate in value while at the same time the mortgage is being reduced leaving a sizeable amount of equity over time. Many people enjoy the independence and pride of ownership in their own home. Remodeling and landscaping decisions, for the most part, are up to the ownerʹs discretion and imagination. Diff: 2 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 50) What are the main financial questions you should ask yourself prior to purchasing a home? Answer: 1. What is the maximum amount the lender will allow me to have? 2. Should I borrow up to this maximum? 3. How big of a down payment can I afford? 4. What type of mortgage best suits my needs? 5. Do I have adequate income to pay all the bills and still maintain my standard of living and long term savings goals? Diff: 3 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Reflective Thinking 51) Why is important to determine your housing needs not only for the present but also for the next several years? Answer: The closing costs and selling fees associated with buying and selling a home are very high. It is not realistic to think that a home will appreciate enough in a few years to recover these costs. Having to sell a house after a few years may result in a sizeable capital loss. Diff: 3 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 The Home and Automobile Decision 207 52) Provide the most common one-time or initial costs involved in buying a house. Answer: A down payment will be required. Closing or settlement costs must be paid. Other costs include points, loan origination fee, loan application fee, appraisal fee, title search, and title insurance. In addition, there may be an attorneyʹs fee, recording fee, credit report charge, termite and radon inspection fee, and a notary fee. Diff: 2 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8.4 Renting Versus Buying 1) From a financial perspective, the decision of whether to rent or buy is tied to how long to plan to live in the home. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Buying versus Leasing Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) Buying a home generally isnʹt desirable if you donʹt intend to stay in it for more than two or three years. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Buying versus Leasing Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) Whether or not you itemize your tax deductions, you reap tax benefits due to the tax deductibility of the interest payments on your mortgage. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Buying versus Leasing Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) If you have just been transferred to a new city and plan to live in your new location for many years, buying a house is generally a better option than leasing for the first year. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Buying versus Leasing Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) One of the main barriers to home ownership is the down payment. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Down Payment AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) Young, single people often live in rental housing, since they may not yet have the funds to purchase a home. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Buying versus Leasing Housing AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 208 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 7) If you are not yet committed to living in a particular geographic region, rental housing is a good option for you. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Buying versus Leasing Housing AACSB: Reflective Thinking 8) The majority of people never live in rental housing. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Buying versus Leasing Housing AACSB: Reflective Thinking 9) Being able to move with minimum inconvenience is an appealing aspect of buying a home. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Buying versus Leasing Housing AACSB: Reflective Thinking 10) Most home owners have complete autonomy to remodel their dwelling to suit their own needs and tastes. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Buying versus Leasing Housing AACSB: Reflective Thinking 11) The largest cost associated with renting a home is the rent itself. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Buying versus Leasing Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) Tenants are guaranteed to get their full deposit back no matter the condition of the unit upon moving out. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Buying versus Leasing Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) Nancy Wong has decided to move from her apartment into a house she is purchasing. She wants to enjoy the advantages of home ownership, such as A) a chance to build equity and wealth. B) greater control over decorations and home improvement. C) mortgage interest will probably be a tax deduction. D) over time being able to take out a home equity loan to enjoy a tax deduction. E) all of the above. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Buying versus Leasing Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 The Home and Automobile Decision 209 14) All of the following are advantages of renting versus buying a home except A) mobility. B) no property taxes. C) not responsible for home repairs or maintenance. D) control over remodeling and decorating decisions. E) no risk of falling housing prices. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Buying versus Leasing Housing AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 15) What questions should you answer before deciding to purchase a house? A) Will my life be stable or in transition in the next few years? B) Is my job and the company I work for stable and secure? C) Do I understand the responsibilities of home ownership? D) All of the above are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Buying versus Leasing Housing AACSB: Reflective Thinking 16) What is not a benefit normally associated with home ownership? A) Tax advantages for those who qualify B) Flexibility to respond to employment opportunities C) Ability to build equity and net worth D) A potential source of collateral for future loans Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Buying versus Leasing Housing AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 17) When is it advantageous to rent instead of buy? Answer: Renting is a good plan when you plan to stay in the house less than three years. If your job situation is not stable and you dislike the hassle of buying and selling, this may be the thing for you to do. Also, if you do not have a down payment saved up, you have no other choice. Diff: 2 Topic: Buying versus Leasing Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 18) What factors should be considered before signing a lease? Answer: -Determine what you can afford (ideally less than 25% of your take -home pay). -Make sure the location is right. -Understand the lease and feel comfortable with it. -Never agree to verbal promises. Put all of them in writing. -Determine if the landlord is reliable. -Obtain renterʹs insurance before moving in. Diff: 3 Topic: Buying versus Leasing Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 210 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 19) Why may it be a good idea for newlyweds to lease a few years before purchasing a home together? Answer: There are several good reasons for newlywed couples to delay purchasing their first home together. The closing and selling costs associated with purchasing and selling a home are substantial costs that generally canʹt be recovered if forced to sell within a few years. Possibly living together for a while will identify if the marriage will work out for the long run, both from an emotional and financial perspective. Possibly they can live cheaper in a leased home allowing them to pay off past debts and save up a larger down payment. Possibly they will have a better idea of when they want to start a family which would have a big impact on the type of home they would need with children. Diff: 3 Topic: Buying versus Leasing Housing AACSB: Reflective Thinking 8.5 Determining What You Can Afford 1) As a general rule, your PITI shouldnʹt exceed 28% of your pretax monthly income. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: PITI AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) PITI is a one-time, initial cost of home ownership. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: PITI AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) As a rule of thumb, your PITI costs shouldnʹt exceed ________ of your pretax monthly income. A) 8 percent B) 18 percent C) 28 percent D) 48 percent Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: PITI AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) You have an annual gross income of $36,000. Using the 28/36 rule for maximum mortgage payment (PITI) estimation, what is your maximum PITI payment using your monthly gross income as a guide (28%)? A) $840 B) $1,080 C) $680 D) $640 E) $880 Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: PITI AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 The Home and Automobile Decision 211 5) Juanita has determined that the PITI on the house she would like to purchase will be $1,260 per month. What is the minimum gross salary she will need to qualify for a mortgage from a reputable lender? A) $6,300 per month B) $4,500 per month C) $3,500 per month D) $5,040 per month Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: 28/36 Rule AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) Tran currently makes $4,500 per month in gross income. He has a student loan payment of $250 per month and a car loan of $450 per month. His credit card payments average $300 per month. What is the largest PITI he could qualify for with a reputable lender? A) $620 B) $900 C) $1,260 D) $1,620 Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: 28/36 Rule AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) Bob and Mary Kay have gross household income of $7,000 per month. They both have great credit scores and the home they are interested in buying appraised higher than the selling price. They have combined monthly debt payments of $300 in student loans, $650 in car loans, and they pay their credit cards in full every month. The PITI on the new home will be $1,800 per month. Before they pay the $250 loan application fee, they are asking you for your opinion on whether they will get approved for a mortgage. What will you advise them? A) Based on the 28 percent rule they can afford the $1,800 PITI and will be approved for the mortgage. B) Based on the 28 percent rule they cannot afford the $1,800 PITI and will be denied the mortgage. C) Based on the 36 percent rule they will be approved for the mortgage. D) Based on the 36 percent rule they have too much other debt and will be denied the mortgage. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: 28/36 Rule AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8) Your friends just told you that they were denied a mortgage by their bank. The loan officer told them that they did not pass the 36 percent rule. They are confused and want you to explain what happened? A) The house you were looking at was more expensive than you can comfortably afford. B) You need to come up with a larger down payment. C) You pay too much in other debt payments every month. D) All of the above could be correct. E) None of the above could be correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: 28/36 Rule AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 212 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 9) You are planning on starting your own business in 18 months and you intend to purchase a new home. You have looked carefully at your budget and have determined that you can afford a PITI of $900 per month. Your banker has told you that you can easily qualify for a PITI of $1,150 per month. Which of the following is the most reasonable explanation for this discrepancy? A) Your banker knows you really would be happier in a more expensive house. B) Your banker is not aware of your other long -term financial goals. C) Your bankerʹs number is more accurate than your number. D) None of the above is a reasonable explanation. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking Hector and Maria Gonzales Hector a Maria have been married for almost one year now and are thinking about buying a house. Maria is an executive for a large, multi-national corporation with offices around the world. She has been told by her company that she will be transferred to a new location every three years. Hector is a car salesman and he is willing to move to wherever Maria gets transferred. Together they make $8,000 in gross monthly income and pay 40% in taxes and withholdings every month. Between them they have monthly payment of $400 in student loans and $700 in car loans, and their credit cards payments average $450 per month. They currently lease a luxury condo for $1,400 per month. They travel to Cancun every Christmas. Since they both work a lot of hours, they eat out at restaurants for most meals. They currently have nothing in savings but Hectorʹs grandparents have said they will give them a 20% down payment for the new home. 10) Based on their incomes, how large of a PITI can they comfortably afford to pay? A) Based on the 28 percent rule, they can afford $2,240 per month. B) Based on the 36 percent rule, they can afford $2,880 per month. C) Based on the 28 percent rule, they can afford $1,344 per month. D) Based on the 36 percent rule, they can afford $1,728 per month. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: 28/36 Rule AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) They saw in the newspaper that they can get a fixed rate mortgage for 6.65% or a two -year ARM with an initial rate of 5.50%. Which is true about their mortgage choices? A) The fixed-rate mortgage has an attractive rate but is more risky for them. B) The ARM initial rate is lower so their PITI will be lower. C) Due to Mariaʹs job the ARM would be the better choice. D) Both B and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Adjustable Rate Mortgages AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 The Home and Automobile Decision 213 12) They have found a very nice town house available for $200,000. Assuming a 20% down payment and a 30-year fixed rate mortgage at 6.65%, what will their PITI be? Annual property taxes are $2,400 and homeownerʹs insurance premium is $900 per year. A) $1,027.14 B) $1,283.93 C) $1,302.14 D) $1,558.93 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: PITI AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) Assuming a PITI of approximately $1,300 for the townhouse, will they be approved for a mortgage? A) No, based on the amount of their existing debt they will not be approved. B) No, based on the 28 percent rule they will not be approved. C) Yes, based on the 36 percent rule they will be approved. D) Yes, based solely on their combined income they will be approved. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: 28/36 Rule AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14) According to the 28 percent rule, Natasha can afford a maximum PITI of $1,400. What is her gross monthly income? A) $2,800 B) $3,888 C) $5,000 D) $5,600 E) $39,200 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: 28/36 Rule AACSB: Analytical Thinking 15) Augustʹs gross monthly income is $4,600. If according to the rule of 36 he can afford a maximum PITI of $1,125, what must his monthly consumer credit debt be? A) $531 B) $163 C) $417 D) $383 Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: 28/36 Rule AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) Regardless of what a potential borrower thinks he or she can afford, banks and other lenders impose a maximum amount that they will lend to a borrower based on the personʹs income and current debt levels. According the Keown book, what three factors do lenders look at when evaluating a potential borrower? Answer: 1. Financial history 2. Ability to pay 3. Appraised value of the home that the borrower is interested in buying Diff: 2 Topic: Lending AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 214 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 17) Explain why the 28/36 percent rule is so important to understand. Answer: A reputable lender wants to make sure that they will get their money back. They do not want a borrower to be unable to comfortably afford to make their mortgage payments. Statistics have shown that borrowers cannot comfortably afford to make debt payments more than the 28/36 percent rule allows. Any more than this and the borrower cannot afford to enjoy their lives or save money for other goals. The 28/36 rule allows for a safety buffer that allows the borrower to handle unplanned emergencies without forcing them to miss their mortgage payments. Statistics show that borrowers within these debt limits default less often on their mortgages. Diff: 3 Topic: 28/36 Rule AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8.6 Financing the Purchase-The Mortgage 1) Private mortgage insurance protects the lender in the event that the borrower is unable to make the mortgage payments. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Private Mortgage Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) The two most common types of two-step mortgages are the 8/22 and 12/18, in which lenders offer a lower interest rate for the first 8 or 12 years and then adjust the rate for the remaining 22 or 18 years. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Adjustable Rate Mortgages AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) A real estate short sale is a sale of property where the proceeds from the sale exceed the balance owed on the property. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Short Selling AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) Mortgage bankers originate mortgage loans, sell them to banks, pension funds, and insurance companies, and service or collect all the monthly mortgage payments. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Mortgage Banker AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) A fixed-rate mortgage is harder to budget for than an adjustable rate mortgage. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Mortgage Loan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 The Home and Automobile Decision 215 6) A subprime mortgage is a mortgage with an APR below the prime rate. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Non-Conventional Mortgages AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 7) An adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) is always a wise financial decision for young consumers because their incomes will be adjusting as well. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Adjustable Rate Mortgages AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 8) A mortgage broker earns income based on fees or commissions on the loans they broker. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Mortgage Broker AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 9) Subprime mortgages are mortgages taken out by people with low credit scores. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Non-Conventional Mortgages AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 10) You can only get an ARM loan from a predatory lender. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Adjustable Rate Mortgages AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 11) From a borrowerʹs perspective, youʹre better off with an ARM if interest rates rise. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Adjustable Rate Mortgages AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 12) Most predatory lenders offer prepayment privileges with their mortgages. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Non-Conventional Mortgages AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 13) A mortgage with an APR higher than normal is a subprime mortgage. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Non-Conventional Mortgages AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 216 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 14) An assumable loan is one that can be transferred to a new buyer who simply takes over the loan obligations. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Non-Conventional Mortgages AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 15) The prepayment privilege allows the borrower to make early cash payments toward the principal balance on their loan. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Non-Conventional Mortgages AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 16) The rate cap on an ARM sets a dollar limit on how much your monthly payment can increase during any adjustment period. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Adjustable Rate Mortgages AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 17) The best time to get an ARM is when the market rates of interest are high. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Adjustable Rate Mortgages AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 18) Someone who plans on selling his or her home within the next 3 years should get a fixed -rate mortgage. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Adjustable Rate Mortgages AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 19) Itʹs best to have an ARM with the longest adjustment interval available. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Adjustable Rate Mortgages AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 20) The rate cap on an ARM protects the borrower. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Adjustable Rate Mortgages AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 21) The initial rate on an adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) is sometimes called the teaser rate. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Adjustable Rate Mortgages AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 The Home and Automobile Decision 217 22) The safest place to get a mortgage is at your bank, credit union, or savings and loan institution. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Conventional Mortgages AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 23) Subprime mortgages are illegal. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Non-Conventional Mortgages AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 24) Sandra Smith wants to know the purpose of a title search. What would you tell her? A) To gain a clear title to the property B) To make sure the person selling the property really owns it C) To protect you against challenges to the title D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Title Search AACSB: Analytical Thinking 25) Jeremy does not like the idea of paying points. A point is actually A) one percent of the selling price of the house. B) one percent of the amount financed with the mortgage. C) one percent of the selling price minus the realtorʹs fee. D) one percent of the taxable value of the house and property. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Mortgage Loan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 26) Which of the following is not a one-time fee connected with purchasing a house? A) Down payment B) Private mortgage insurance C) Closing costs D) Points E) Origination fee Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Private Mortgage Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 218 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 27) When planning your budget to determine how much your home will cost you every month, which of the following should you include in your planning? A) Closing costs B) PITI C) Discount points D) All of the above Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Private Mortgage Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 28) Kathy is buying her first home. She is financing a total of $185,000 at an APR of 5% for 25 years. How much are her monthly payments? A) $952.33 B) $1,081.49 C) $1,441.23 D) $1,664.85 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Mortgage Loan Payments AACSB: Analytical Thinking 29) Abigail is financing her first home. She is borrowing $125,000. Her bank is loaning her the money for 15 years at an APR of 5.7%. What will Abigailʹs monthly mortgage payment be? A) $958.75 B) $998.22 C) $1,001.44 D) $1,034.67 Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Mortgage Loan Payments AACSB: Analytical Thinking 30) Which of these is not an advantage associated with an assumable loan? A) The new buyer does not incur the closing costs of a new loan. B) The new buyer may be able to get a lower interest rate than the current market rate. C) It is easier for the seller to sell the home. D) The new buyer does not have to qualify for the loan. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Mortgage Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 31) A deposit included with an offer to buy that assures the seller that the buyer is serious about buying the house is called A) assurance deposit. B) buyerʹs assurance. C) home deposit. D) earnest money. E) none of the above. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Earnest Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 The Home and Automobile Decision 219 32) A situation in which the monthly payments are less than the interest that is due on the loan, and the unpaid interest is thus added to the principal is called A) partial amortization. B) negative amortization. C) reverse amortization. D) decaying amortization. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Non-Conventional Mortgages AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 33) A mortgage loan in which the interest rate charged fluctuates with the level of current interest rates is called a(n) A) MRA. B) MAR. C) RAM. D) ARM. E) none of the above. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Adjustable Rate Mortgages AACSB: Information Technology 34) A ________ is a middleman who, for a fee, secures mortgage loans for borrowers, but does not actually make those mortgage loans. A) mortgage banker B) mortgage broker C) mortgagee D) mortgagor E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Mortgage Broker AACSB: Analytical Thinking 35) A ________ typically originates mortgage loans with funds from other investors, such as pension funds. A) mortgage banker B) mortgage broker C) mortgagee D) mortgagor E) none of the above Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Mortgage Banker AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 220 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 36) You currently have an ARM that is charging you 7% with an index rate of 4%, a margin of 3%, and a periodic annual cap of 3.0%. Assume that rates have now increased by 2% during the last seven months. What rate will your ARM be adjusted to? A) will remain at 7% fixed rate B) 8% C) 9% D) 10% E) 11% Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Mortgage Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 37) The two primary advantages of a 15-year mortgage over a 30-year mortgage are A) lower payments and prepayment privileges. B) lower interest rate and lesser interest charges over the life of the loan. C) greater financial flexibility and no prepayment penalties. D) easier qualification criteria and more affordable initially. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Mortgage Loan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 38) The advantages of a fixed-rate mortgage over an ARM include A) no private mortgage insurance required. B) fixed payments that are easier to budget for. C) less worry about the loan reaching the rate and payment caps. D) none of the above. E) both B and C. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Adjustable Rate Mortgages AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 39) Daniel is due to receive the balance of his trust fund in 5 years; as a result he has taken out a(n) ________ mortgage where he has made small payments for several years and will pay off the balance in one large payment with his trust funds. A) ARM B) graduated payment C) shared appreciation D) fixed rate E) balloon payment Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Adjustable Rate Mortgages AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 The Home and Automobile Decision 221 40) The ________ mortgage sets the payments in advance in such a way that they rise steadily for 5 to 10 years, then level off to allow a person to buy a home earlier in life. A) balloon payment B) growing equity C) shared appreciation D) graduated payment E) conventional Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Non-Conventional Mortgages AACSB: Analytical Thinking 41) A ________ mortgage is designed to let the homeowner pay off the mortgage early. Payments begin at the 30-year fixed rate, then increase each year. A) balloon payment B) growing equity C) shared appreciation D) graduated payments E) conventional Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Non-Conventional Mortgages AACSB: Analytical Thinking 42) Rhonda is buying a second home to use as income property. She is financing 75% of the homeʹs $100,000 value. Her bank is loaning her the money for 10 years at an APR of 4.5%. How much are Rhondaʹs mortgage payments? A) $441.28 B) $598.74 C) $777.28 D) $958.44 E) $1,014.33 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Mortgage Loan Payments AACSB: Analytical Thinking 43) Salvadore Dobraseri is a military veteran and has been told by a friend to check out a VA or FHA loan for the purchase of the home he and his wife are interested in. Why should he? A) Generally, they will pay a lower interest rate. B) A smaller down payment is required. C) There are less strict financial requirements for the loan. D) Veterans are required to obtain this type of mortgage. E) A, B, and C above Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Mortgage Loan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 222 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 44) With a(n) ________ mortgage, you make relatively small monthly payments for several years, after which the loan comes due and you must pay it off in one large payment. A) growing equity B) option payment ARM C) interest only D) balloon payment Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Non-Conventional Mortgages AACSB: Analytical Thinking 45) Ben recently paid off his school loans and is looking to buy a home. He has qualified for an APR of 5.2% and plans on making payments for the next 15 years. He anticipates he can afford a monthly payment of $660.00. How much of a mortgage can Ben afford? A) $60,000 B) $82,371 C) $87,440 D) $91,000 E) None of the above Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Mortgage Loan Payments AACSB: Analytical Thinking 46) Thomas took a new job in Iowa. He is buying his first home. He has qualified for an APR of 4.6%. He plans on making payments for the next 20 years. He anticipates that he can afford a payment of $550.00. How much of a mortgage will Thomas qualify for? A) $56,990 B) $75,210 C) $86,199 D) $110,224 Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Mortgage Loan Payments AACSB: Analytical Thinking 47) Subprime, or nonprime, mortgages are taken out by borrowers with low credit scores, ________ of these mortgages carry adjustable rates. A) 10 percent B) 30 percent C) 50 percent D) 80 percent Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Adjustable Rate Mortgages AACSB: Analytical Thinking 48) According to the Keown book, how does a consumer avoid predatory lending? A) Regulation B) Legal action C) Knowledge D) Steering Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Predatory Lending AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 The Home and Automobile Decision 223 49) Private mortgage insurance is designed to protect the B) lender. A) borrower. C) lien holder. D) all of the above. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Private Mortgage Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 50) The two most common types of two-step mortgages are the A) 1/29 and 3/27. B) 5/25 and 7/23. C) 8/22 and 12/18. D) 13/17 and 15/15. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Adjustable Rate Mortgages AACSB: Reflective Thinking 51) A(n) ________ ARM combines the aspects of fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgages. A) two-step B) convertible C) reduction-option D) option payment Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Adjustable Rate Mortgages AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 52) Your mortgage is an ARM with a 1 year adjustment interval, 4% margin, and a 2% periodic cap. Your initial APR on this loan was 4.5%. Over the last 5 years the market rates of interest have risen dramatically. The current interest rate index for your loan is 8.5 %. What APR are your monthly payments being calculated on today? A) 4.5% B) 8.5% C) 10.5% D) 12.5% Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Adjustable Rate Mortgages AACSB: Analytical Thinking 53) Your ARM has a two year adjustment interval, 4% margin, 2% periodic rate cap and a 6% lifetime cap. This year the market interest index increased by 2.75%. What will happen to your APR on this loan? A) It will increase by 2% B) It will increase by 2.75% C) It will increase by 4% D) It will increase by 6% Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Adjustable Rate Mortgages AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 224 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 54) You have an option on an ARM that has a two-year adjustment interval, 4% margin, 2% periodic rate cap and a 6% lifetime cap. The current initial rate is 5.35%. You can also get a 30-year, fixed-rate mortgage for 6.65%. You plan on staying in this home for at least 10 years. What would be your best choice? A) Probably the ARM loan since your PITI would be lower. B) Probably the ARM loan since your PITI would be lower and the market rates of interest could get lower. C) Probably the fixed-rate loan because your PITI will be lower. D) Probably the fixed-rate loan because it is easier to budget for and it is less risky for you. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Adjustable Rate Mortgages AACSB: Analytical Thinking 55) Jessica is buying her first new home. The home has been appraised at $330,000. For Jessica to not have to pay private mortgage insurance she must come up with a down payment of A) $33,000. B) $66,600. C) $20,000. D) $80,000. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 56) Describe four ways to come up with the down payment money for buying a house. Answer: Saving the money while renting is a wise thing to do. Ask for gifts/funds from friends and family. Try to reduce the down payment by applying for a VA, FHA, or FmHA loan. Look at selling any unnecessary assets or investments. Set up a budget and savings plan to achieve this goal. Diff: 2 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 57) Explain the recurring costs of home ownership and why you need to budget for them. Answer: Making sure that you can comfortably afford your house every month is very important. The obvious recurring cost is your PITI. Donʹt forget the PMI premiums also. Monthly utility bills, landscape maintenance and snow removal costs can also add up. Property taxes and homeowners insurance premiums increase every year effecting your escrow requirements. Maintenance and repairs are an ongoing expense when owning a home. Diff: 3 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 The Home and Automobile Decision 225 58) Why should you set a goal to eventually be able to put at least 20% down on purchasing a home? Answer: Statistics show that a borrower who makes a large down payment defaults less often than one with a smaller down payment. The risk-return trade-off means that mortgages with 20% down will carry a lower APR and, generally, will not require PMI insurance. This means that your monthly payment will be lower allowing you to save money on finance costs and use that money for other living or savings needs. Diff: 3 Topic: Smart Buying Housing AACSB: Reflective Thinking 59) An attorney will draw up a contract for the purchase of a house. What provisions should you have in it? Answer: -the price, method of payment, buyer and seller, date on which buyer will take possession -a clear legal description of the property -legal title to the house must be free of all liens, encumbrances and who pays for search -certification that house is free of termite or radon problems -a contingent on suitable funding clause -the proportion of utilities, insurance, taxes, and interest paid by buyer and seller -condition of the house at point of transfer -any other agreements Diff: 2 Topic: Purchasing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 60) Tell about the advantages of a shorter-term mortgage over a 30-year one. Answer: A lower interest rate is common with a shorter term. This move provides a discipline to force savings. It will save quite a bit of interest over the life of the mortgage. The equity is built up at a faster rate. Last, the increased equity may allow you to trade up to a more expensive house later. Diff: 2 Topic: Mortgage Loan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 61) What are some factors that determine whether a homeowner should refinance? Answer: The typical rule of thumb is to refinance when interest rates fall by 2%. You should ask yourself if you will live in the house long enough to offset the new closing costs. Will the interest savings overcome the refinancing expenses involved? If so, it may be a good move in the long run. Diff: 2 Topic: Financing AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 226 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 62) What are the common mortgage loan options? Answer: -balloon payment -graduated payment -growing equity -shared appreciation -fixed rate -adjustable rate Diff: 1 Topic: Mortgage Loan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 63) List three pros of an assumable loan. Answer: -The buyer does not incur the costs of obtaining a new loan. -The buyer may be able to obtain a lower interest rate. -It is easier to sell the home. Diff: 1 Topic: Mortgage Loan AACSB: Reflective Thinking 64) Are there any advantages in government-backed loans? Any disadvantages? Answer: Yes, there are three advantages. One, the interest rate typically is less. Two, a smaller down payment is required. Three, there are less strict financial requirements. There are also three drawbacks. One, there is more paperwork required to qualify for the loan. Second, the closing costs are higher. Third, there are limits on the amount of funding that can be obtained. Diff: 2 Topic: Mortgage Loan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 65) What are the typical sources of mortgages? Answer: The list includes commercial banks, S&Ls, credit unions, mutual savings banks, mortgage bankers, and mortgage brokers. Diff: 1 Topic: Mortgage Loan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance 9.1 The Importance of Insurance 1) When the Affordable Care Act is fully implemented, 100 percent of Americans will have health care insurance. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Affordable Care Act AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) Life insurance and health insurance are designed to transfer the catastrophic risk you canʹt afford to keep onto the insurance companies. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 3) An insurance policy is a contract with an insurance company that spells out what losses are covered, what the policy costs, and who receives the payment if a loss occurs. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) Actuaries are statisticians who specialize in estimating the probability of death based on personal characteristics, such as your age and general health, as well as lifestyle specifics such as whether or not you exercise. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Actuaries AACSB: Information Technology 5) Currently only 10% of Americans receive some type of government health care entitlements such as Medicaid or Medicare. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) The beneficiary is the individual designated by the owner of the life insurance policy to receive the insurance policyʹs proceeds upon the death of the insured. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 228 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 7) The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was signed into law in 2010; however many of its aspects do not go into effect until 2020. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 8) All life insurance policies should have a contingent beneficiary designated. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 9) In dealing with risk, one can either avoid it, manage it, or transfer it for a fee. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 10) Life insurance is not meant to benefit you, its purpose is to protect others in the event of your death. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 11) One of the reasons insurance is so expensive is due to the expense of developing, testing and verifying new drugs. This cost is passed on to consumers. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Health Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 12) Statisticians who specialize in estimating the probability of death based on personal characteristics are called A) morbidity analysts. B) actuaries. C) insurance analysts. D) morbidity statisticians. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Actuaries AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance 229 13) Sharing the financial consequences associated with risk in the insurance industry is sometimes called A) risk pooling. B) risk deferring. C) risk migration. D) risk splitting. E) none of the above. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Risk Pooling AACSB: Reflective Thinking 14) Wayne and Sarah are trying to manage the risk they face in life a best as they can. They are following Principle 7 which states A) the best protection is knowledge. B) protect yourself against major catastrophes. C) nothing happens without a plan. D) diversification reduces risk. E) the best insurance is prevention. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 15) Life insurance may not be necessary if A) youʹre single and donʹt have any dependents. B) youʹre married, a double-income couple, with no children. C) youʹre married but arenʹt employed. D) youʹre retired. E) all of the above. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 16) Andrew and Alice have health issues that may be passed on to their children. When the children are born would they be wise to obtain life insurance immediately on the infants prior to any of the medical conditions arising? A) Yes, this would be wise as the infant is not likely to have to pass a physical exam. B) No, they should wait until the child is an adult and let him or her decide if she or he wants insurance. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 230 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 17) The individual designated by the owner of the life insurance policy to receive the policyʹs proceeds upon the death of the insured is called the C) insured. D) actuary. A) policy holder. B) beneficiary. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 18) What is the main purpose of life insurance? Answer: The main purpose of life insurance is to transfer the risk of a premature death onto the insurance company. The named insured is someone whose loss will create a financial or emotional loss to the beneficiaries of the policy. Diff: 2 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 19) What are some good reasons for a young, healthy, single person to purchase life insurance? Answer: The best time to purchase life insurance is when you are young and healthy since the premiums will be the lowest possible. Funerals today are very expensive so why would you want to be a financial burden on your family if you die? At least with a good insurance foundation in place, you will have some insurance in force regardless of your health. Diff: 3 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 20) Why is being the policy owner so important? Answer: The policy owner controls the decisions concerning the policy itself. They determine who the beneficiaries will be and they determine the settlement options. They are also the one the insurance company contacts if there are missed payments or pending cancellation. Diff: 3 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 21) Why is the beneficiary decision so important when buying life insurance? Answer: The beneficiary is the person or persons who will receive the death benefit of the insurance policy. The beneficiary designation supercedes your Will. It is critically important that you double check your beneficiary designation every time you have a life changing event such as marriage, divorce or the birth of children. Sadly, many ex-spouses receive the death benefit because the policy owner forgot to make appropriate changes to their beneficiary designation. Diff: 3 Topic: Beneficiary AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance 231 9.2 Determining Your Life Insurance Needs 1) Using the earnings multiple approach is determining the present value of an annuity as a means to determine the face value of the insurance policy one needs to purchase. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Earnings Multiple Approach AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) With the needs approach, you should take into consideration any additional insurance policies that have been taken out on your life. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Needs Approach AACSB: Reflective Thinking 3) The earnings multiple approach is based on the notion that you want to replace a stream of annual income thatʹs lost due to the death of a breadwinner. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Needs Approach AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) Sandra is terrible at saving; therefore her insurance advisor suggested a term life insurance policy for her since it has a saving/investing aspect. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Term Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) A disadvantage of term insurance is that the cost rises each time the policy is renewed. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Term Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) With decreasing term life insurance, the face amount of the policy remains constant, but the premiums decrease. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Term Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) Convertible term life insurance can be converted into cash-value life insurance, depending on the insuredʹs medical condition pending a medical exam. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Whole Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 232 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 8) Roxanne has been stricken with a muscular degeneration disease that may potentially shorten her life span. However, she chose a renewable term insurance policy because she is able to be continually renew the policy for an agreed-upon period, regardless of her deteriorating condition. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Term Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) With term life insurance, the beneficiary receives a fixed death benefit. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Term Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) One of the best features of term insurance is that you are able to borrow against the face value. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Term Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) The nonforfeiture right gives the policyholder the cash value of the policy in exchange for the policyholder giving up his or her right to a death benefit. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Cash Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) The policy owner must pay the premium during the grace period or they forfeit the policy. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Grace Period AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 13) The suicide clause will pay double the face value to the beneficiary if the named insured commits suicide. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14) Most life insurance settlements are based on the named insured dying from an accidental death. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance 233 15) A guaranteed insurability rider allows you to increase your face value even if your health fails. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) Term life insurance provides protection for a specified amount of time; typically 1-30 years. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Term Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 17) According to the Keown book, two recommended online insurance quote services are accuquote.com and insure.com. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 18) According to the Keown book, 50 percent of U.S. households have no life insurance coverage. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 19) Suppose that you have decided to buy some life insurance. Which method of determining your life insurance needs calculates the annual loss of income stream? A) Needs approach B) Earnings multiple approach C) Limited term approach D) Whole life approach Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Earnings Multiple Approach AACSB: Analytical Thinking 20) For which of these situations is life insurance a good idea? A) Married with children B) Married, single-income couple with no children C) Single with no dependents D) Only A and B E) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 21) According to the Keown book, ________of U.S. households have no life insurance coverage. A) 15 percent B) 30 percent C) 50 percent D) 65 percent Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 234 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 22) You know you desperately need life insurance but donʹt have much money available for premiums. What is the best thing you can do to find affordable insurance? A) Buy directly from the insurance company. B) Buy term insurance. C) Use the Internet to shop around for the best quotes. D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 23) Your agent has told you to think about immediate needs at the time of death, debt elimination funds, immediate transitional funds, dependency expenses, spousal life income, educational expenses for the children, and retirement income. What has he described? A) The multiple earnings need approach B) The needs approach C) The standard approach D) The combination approach E) The long-term approach Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Needs Approach AACSB: Reflective Thinking 24) John purchases a life insurance policy on his wife Betty where he pays the premium and he will receive the life insurance money when she dies. John is both the ________ and the ________ who will receive the ________ upon the death of Betty, the ________. A) insured; beneficiary; money; policyholder B) policy owner; beneficiary; face amount; insured C) policy owner; insured; face amount; beneficiary D) beneficiary; premium payer; face amount; policy holder E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 25) Life insurance buying is a new experience for many people. Which of the following is not a basic consideration when determining life insurance needs? A) Whether or not you need life insurance at this time B) The amount of coverage you need now and in the future C) The settlement options D) The type of life insurance that fits your needs E) Shopping around for the best agent and price Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance 235 26) Sally brings home $50,000 a year to help provide financial support to her family, comprised of her husband and two children. She is considering purchasing life insurance. Using the earnings multiple approach, how much coverage should she purchase using a discount rate of 5% to replace 10 years of earnings. A) $500,000 B) $386,000 C) $340,005 D) $301,148 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Earnings Multiple Approach AACSB: Analytical Thinking 27) Using the needs approach to determine the amount of coverage looks from the perspective of the A) policy owner. B) named insured. D) salesman. C) beneficiary. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Needs Approach AACSB: Reflective Thinking 28) Riley knows her ex-husband would not think about taking out a life insurance policy on himself to protect their two children in the event of his untimely death. As a result, Riley is taking out a policy on him and paying for it herself. That makes Riley the ________ and her children are the ________. A) insured, policy holders B) policy owner, beneficiaries C) beneficiary, policy holders D) insured, policy owners E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 29) With decreasing term insurance A) the premiums remain constant, but the face amount of the policy declines. B) the premiums decline, and the face amount of the policy declines. C) the premiums remain constant, and the face amount of the policy remains constant. D) the premiums decline, and the face amount of the policy increases. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Term Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 236 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 30) ________ is insurance that provides permanent insurance coverage as whole life does; however the policyholder, not the insurance company, takes on the investment risk. A) Variable life insurance B) Universal life insurance C) Convertible life insurance D) None of the above Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Credit Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 31) What are the advantages of term life insurance? A) It allows you to increase your insurance coverage for specific reasons and specific time periods. B) With decreasing term coverage, your premiums get smaller as you get older. C) It has no investment feature so it costs less than other forms of insurance. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and C are correct. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Term Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 32) Statisticians who specialize in estimating the probability of death based on personal characteristics are known as A) insurance adjusters. B) vultures. C) actuaries. D) beneficiaries. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 33) The settlement option that provides for ongoing payments for a period of time is called A) an annuity. B) a reverse premium. C) a premium payout. D) an annual premium. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Settlement Clause AACSB: Analytical Thinking 34) The needs approach to determining life insurance amounts considers which of the following? A) Immediate financial needs B) Debt elimination funds C) Dependency expenses D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance 237 35) Cash value policies include a ________ clause that allows you to borrow against the cash value of the policy. A) reinstatement B) liquidity C) loan D) grace period Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Cash Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 36) What are the risks associated with term insurance policies? A) You may need to have insurance coverage past the term expiration date. B) The cash value does not earn a decent return. C) The renewal premium may be cost prohibitive. D) Both A and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Term Life Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 37) What are the disadvantages of group term insurance? A) The premiums are usually subsidized by the employer. B) The cost to covert from group coverage to individual coverage if you leave the company may be cost prohibitive. C) Relying on group insurance may hinder your decision to leave the company. D) Both B and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Group Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 38) What are the main features of whole life insurance? A) The premiums stay constant for your entire life. B) The nonforfeiture right allows you access to the cash value account if needed. C) It provides your with permanent insurance regardless of age and health issues. D) All of the above are correct. E) All but B are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Whole Life Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 39) What is the purpose of companies such as A.M. Best, Moodyʹs and Standard & Poorʹs? A) They sell life insurance directly to consumers without agents. B) They evaluate and rate the financial stability of the insurance industry. C) They provide reinsurance coverage to the insurance industry. D) They sell low cost term insurance via the Internet. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 238 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 40) Most likely, when you apply for life insurance, you will have to fill out a detailed medical history and take a physical exam. Why is this true? A) The insurance company wants to see if you have any pre-existing conditions. B) It prevents sick people from purchasing insurance. C) It determines how you will be rated and what premiums you will pay. D) All of the above E) All but B are correct. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 41) Typically, who should buy life insurance? Answer: Couples or single parents with children need life insurance. Couples with no children that have a single income also need coverage. When you own your own business or have an extremely large estate you need life insurance. Diff: 1 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 42) List five questions you should ask in an attempt to determine life insurance needs. Answer: -How long after your death do you want to ensure your surviving spouseʹs financial stability? -Will your surviving spouse be earning any income? -Is a drop in your surviving spouse or childrenʹs lifestyle acceptable? -Do you want to provide funding for your childrenʹs college education? -Do you want to immediately pay for the home mortgage and other debts? -Do you want life insurance to pay for any estate taxes that might be due? Diff: 1 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 43) The needs approach attempts to determine the amount of funds necessary to meet the needs of a family after the death of the primary breadwinner. Name the seven common family needs. Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. cleanup funds debt elimination immediate transition dependency expenses spousal life income educational expenses for children retirement income Diff: 1 Topic: Needs Approach AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance 239 44) What factors should be considered when selecting a life insurance policy? Answer: Select an agent who will work for you; that is, meet your needs, not his or hers. Choose a company that is highly rated by one of the independent rating firms such as A.M. Best. Be sure to compare costs and choose a policy with a low cost index. Carefully select the amount of life insurance needed, the type of policy, and the method of premium payments. Make sure the beneficiary designation is correct. Choose between using an advisor (agent) or buying direct from a company. Diff: 2 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 45) Define policy rider and describe the purpose of the five basic ones. Answer: A rider is a special provision that may be added to your policy, which either provides extra benefits or limits the companyʹs liability under certain conditions. A waiver of premium for disability rider allows your insurance protection to stay in place by paying your premiums if you become disabled before you reach a certain age, usually 65. An accidental death benefit rider or multiple indemnity rider doubles or triples the death benefit when the insured dies from an accident rather than from natural causes. The guaranteed insurability rider gives the right to increase your life insurance protection in the future without a medical examination. A cost-of-living adjustment rider increases the death benefit at the same rate as inflation without forcing you to pass a medical exam. Some cash-value policies allow for living benefits; that is, this rider allows for early payout of a percentage of the anticipated death benefits for the terminally ill, enabling them to pay medical bills, etc. Diff: 2 Topic: Rider AACSB: Reflective Thinking 46) Briefly explain the four common settlement options. Answer: 1. The lump-sum settlement gives a beneficiary the entire death benefit in one large check. 2. An interest-only settlement provides payment of interest while the company holds the principal. 3. The installment-payments option pays the beneficiary both principal and interest over a fixed period or in fixed payments. 4. A life annuity option gives the beneficiary an income for life, generally in a monthly check. Diff: 1 Topic: Settlement Clause AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 240 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 47) It should be everyoneʹs goal to become self-insured when it comes to Life insurance. Explain how and why this should be? Answer: When most people are young, they have negative or low net worth because they have few assets and higher levels of debt. When they become financially responsible for someone else, then they need to cover the risk of their death by purchasing Life insurance to replace their lost financial support. As a person goes through the Financial Life Cycle, they generally acquire more assets, especially Investment assets that appreciate in value, and they tend to pay off most of their debt, developing positive net worth. At middle age their dependent children have grown up and are now independent. Their mortgage is paid off and they have substantial assets, especially in their retirement accounts. Their spouse would be able to live comfortably off these investments so the loss of the financial support of the breadwinner would not be a catastrophic loss. At later ages, Term insurance premiums become prohibitive. There is really no reason to maintain life insurance coverage for the average person at this time. Diff: 3 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 48) Why is it critically important to check out the financial health of a Life Insurance Company through a ratings company like A.M. Best before you purchase the insurance? Answer: When you purchase a life insurance policy, you are basically entering into a partnership with the Insurance Company that may last for 40+ years or more. You want to make certain that this company or partner will be there when your beneficiaries desperately need the death benefit of the policy. It is not unusual for Insurance companies to become insolvent and fail. It is not unusual for Insurance scams to happen, especially via the internet. Ratings companies evaluate the financial health of the Insurance company and their ratings are a good predictor of the ability of the Insurance company to remain solvent for many years into the future. There would be nothing worse than for your Insurance company to fail after you have paid premiums for many years and you have developed a pre-existing health condition during this time. Now you may have a hard time finding a new Insurance company or the premium may be cost prohibitive due to age and health. Diff: 3 Topic: Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9.3 Major Types of Life Insurance 1) The primary advantage of term insurance is a flexible premium. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Term Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) Term life insurance has a life insurance component and a savings plan. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Term Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance 241 3) Cash-value insurance is any policy that provides both a death benefit and an opportunity to accumulate cash value. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) The money that the policy holder is entitled to if the policy is terminated is known as the face value. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Whole Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) With decreasing term insurance, each time the term insurance is renewed the premium decreases. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Term Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) A universal life insurance policy is a type of cash-value insurance combining term insurance with a tax-deferred savings feature in a package in which both the premiums and the benefits are flexible. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Universal Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) The advantage of whole life insurance is that it is generally cheaper than term life insurance per dollar of coverage. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Whole Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8) Practically all insurance contracts include a suicide clause stating that the insurance company wonʹt pay off for suicide deaths that occur within the first five years of the contract. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) The primary advantage of term insurance is A) a flexible premium. C) affordability. B) a savings component. D) convertibility. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Term Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 242 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 10) The coverage grace period gives you an extension of generally ________ in which to make your premium payment without cancelling your policy. A) 15 days B) 30 days C) 45 days D) 60 days Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) The incontestability clause states that the insurance company cannot dispute the validity of the contract after a specified period of time, usually A) one year. B) two years. C) five years. D) 10 years Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) Which of the following is not an insurance rating service? A) Weiss B) Moodyʹs C) Standards & Fitch D) A.M. Best Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) Jenny and Joey have seven children and are expecting another. Joey is the primary income provider for his family, and the couple recognizes that the growing family is in need of life insurance. To begin the agent search process, Jenny and Joey make a list of prospects from reputable companies. Both Jenny and Joey prefer to speak to an agent with a life insurance certification. What life insurance agent designation do you recommend? A) CLU B) LICA C) AIA D) CIR Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Application of Knowledge 14) A method of determining how much life insurance you require based on funds your family would require to maintain its lifestyle after your death is called the A) earnings multiple approach. B) needs approach. C) cash liquidity approach. D) funds analysis approach. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Needs Approach AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance 243 15) Your agent argues in favor of cash-value life insurance. You counteract with term to A) have a larger policy and keep things simple. B) enjoy a relatively low cost per each $1,000 of coverage. C) have a lot of insurance at affordable prices when you need it the most. D) save the difference you would pay, invest it, and come out ahead. E) all of the above. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) Joleene is a single parent with two children and earns $45,000 per year. She is purchasing term life insurance for 15 years until her youngest child is self supporting. Assuming her survivors can receive a 3% after-tax, inflation return on insurance proceeds, use the earnings multiple approach to calculate the face value of Joleeneʹs policy. A) $33,445 B) $547,851 C) $397,548 D) $556,668 E) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 17) Using the earnings multiple approach calculate how much life insurance Heather and Robert need to take out on Heather. She earns $80,000 and is 37 years old. They want coverage until she retires at age 67. Robert is sure he can get an annual rate of return on the policy settlement of 8%. They have no children. A) $1,004,227 B) $997,553 C) $854,214 D) $630,417 E) None of the above Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Term Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 18) Billyʹs occupation is a potentially dangerous one he is a skydiving instructor. His agent pointed out that the monthly premiums will be high. Billy wants a lot of value for his money. He could take advantage of ________ life insurance at this time to save money. A) universal B) variable C) term D) credit E) whole Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Term Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 244 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 19) Sonny Coltraine was told by a friend that universal life is the best policy. He will find that A) it will have a tax-deferred savings feature. B) death benefits are not taxable income. C) death benefits and premiums are fixed. D) death benefits and premiums are flexible. E) A, B, and D above. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Universal Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 20) Charles is the sole beneficiary of his late uncleʹs life insurance policy. The face value of the policy is $785,000. Charles has decided to accept annual annuity payments of $95,000. The interest rate on the policy is 5%. How many annual payments will Charles receive from this policy? B) 8.26 years worth of payments A) 7.08 years worth of payments C) 10.92 years worth of payments D) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Insurance Agents AACSB: Analytical Thinking 21) You might consider another insurance agent if your agent uses the ________ method to analyze the costs of a policy. A) TNC B) IANC C) NCO D) TLC E) none of the above Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 22) You want to get a good buy on your life insurance contract. You find a book that compares insurance costs by incorporating the time value of money into its calculations. This method allows you to select wisely using the A) interest-adjusted net cost method. B) traditional net cost method. C) variable method. D) comparison cost index. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance 245 23) Barry Blair wants to select a good life insurance agent. His dad has had several negative experiences with life insurance agents in the past. What should Barry consider when selecting an agent? A) Has a professional designation B) Is a full-time agent C) Has the necessary experience and training D) Has references E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Insurance Agents AACSB: Analytical Thinking 24) Suppose that you earn $50,000 annually. You expect expenses to drop by 22% for your family in the event of your death. Currently, if you die, you want to provide for your family for at least 15 more years, and the applicable after-tax and inflation return assumed is 5%. Using the earnings multiple approach provided in your textbook, what would be the amount of life insurance that you should purchase? A) $301,080 B) $404,820 C) $485,940 D) $500,000 E) 519,000 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Earnings Multiple Approach AACSB: Analytical Thinking 25) A.M. Best, Standard & Poorʹs, Moodyʹs, and Weiss perform a vital service for the insurance industry. What do they do? A) They rate the quality level and performance of each company. B) They tell you the best price deals. C) They provide information on the best policies. D) They provide a listing of all agents. E) They provide a listing of all agents who have violated insurance laws. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Rating AACSB: Analytical Thinking 26) Alice and Tommy have 3 dependent children. Alice earns $125,000 per year. They are taking out insurance on Alice for the next 30 years. Tommy expects to get a 9.25% rate of return on the life insurance payoff. Using the earnings multiple approach calculate how much life insurance they need to take out on Alice. A) $987,440 B) $1,005,011 C) $1,105,447 D) $2,228,553 E) None of the above Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Guaranteed Renewability AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 246 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 27) Suppose that your husband was killed in a bank robbery. Which of the following is not one of the typical settlement options that would be available? A) Installment-payments B) Interest-only C) Conversion of spousal insurance D) Lump-sum E) Life annuity Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Settlement Clause AACSB: Analytical Thinking 28) Letʹs assume you are the beneficiary of your great Auntʹs life insurance policy. Sadly she passed away yesterday. You elect to receive annual payments from this policy for the next 20 years. The settlement amount is $500,000 and the interest accruing on the policy is an annual 8%. What will be your annual life insurance annuity payments? A) $10,923 B) $50,926 C) $72,551 D) $98,934 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 29) Nancy and Leonard are married. They have two children who will be financially dependent for the next 20 years. They are taking out life insurance on Leonard, the bread winner and earns an annual salary of $80,000. Nancy is sure she is able to get a 9.5% rate of return on the policy settlement. Using the earnings multiple approach calculate how much life insurance they should take out on Leonard. A) $1,038,225 B) $1,704,952 C) $549,893 D) $301,471 E) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Rider AACSB: Analytical Thinking 30) Luke is 30 years old and earns an annual salary of $55,000. His wife wants to take out a life insurance policy on him until he turns 67. Using the earnings multiple approach, how large should the face value of his insurance policy beassuming his wife can earn an annual rate of return of 8.5% on his life insurance pay off? A) $223,985 B) $1,225,462 C) $430,803 D) $6,154,330 E) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance 247 31) Brendaʹs husband Bob died last week. Her agent told her she could receive the death proceeds tax-free and a monthly check until her death. He is talking about the ________ settlement option. A) lump-sum B) life annuity C) interest-only D) installment-payments E) tax-free Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Settlement Clause AACSB: Analytical Thinking 32) Javier Jimenez was pleasantly surprised to find out that within three to five years after expiration of a previous life insurance policy, he can A) change beneficiaries. B) void the grace period. C) reinstate the policy subject to current qualifications. D) change the incontestability clause. E) both A and D above. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 33) All of the following are types of life insurance annuity settlements except A) straight life annuity. B) period certain annuity. C) refund annuity. D) joint life and survivorship annuity. E) variable annuity. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 34) Choose the option(s) available in the nonforfeiture clause of a cash -value life policy. A) Exchange the policy for a paid-up term policy of equal face value. B) Receive the policyʹs cash value. C) Retain rights to a death benefit. D) Exchange the policyʹs cash value for a paid-up policy with a reduced face value. E) A, B, and D above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Nonforfeiture Clause AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 248 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 35) The ________ rider increases your death benefits at the same rate as inflation without forcing you to complete a new medical exam. A) waiver of premium for disability B) living benefits C) cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) D) guaranteed insurability E) accidental death benefit Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Whole Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 36) The policy feature that allows you to pay the premium late but still retain coverage is known as the A) loan clause. B) nonforfeiture clause. C) incontestability clause. D) grace period. E) policy reinstatement clause. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Grace Period AACSB: Analytical Thinking 37) At what point does whole life insurance pay the death benefit? A) When the insured turns 100 years old B) When the maximum stated age is reached by the insured C) Upon due proof of death of the insured D) When the cash value equals the death benefit E) Either A, B, or C above Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Whole Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 38) Special provisions that may be added to your policy which either provide extra benefits to the beneficiary or limit the companyʹs liability under certain conditions are known as A) alternative provisions. B) secondary provisions. C) riders. D) attachments. E) none of the above. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Rider AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance 249 39) Which of the following factors is connected with convertible term life insurance? A) A medical exam is not required. B) It helps make a smooth transition from term to cash-value insurance. C) There is a corresponding increase in premium cost. D) Generally, the conversion feature is only offered during the first two years. E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Term Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 40) The alternative ways that a beneficiary can choose to receive the policy benefits upon the death of the insured are called A) premium options. B) settlement options. C) terminal options. D) residual options. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Settlement Clause AACSB: Analytical Thinking 41) Sally Heath has the option of obtaining life insurance through her place of employment. She will not need to take a physical exam. This type of policy would be a/an ________ policy. A) universal life B) employerʹs life C) renewable term life D) group term life E) intermediate term life Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Term Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 42) The ________ is the right of the policyholder to choose to receive the policyʹs cash value in exchange for the policyholder giving up his or her right to a death benefit. A) nonforfeiture right B) cash exchange right C) cash-out privilege D) residual cash right E) none of the above Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Nonforfeiture Clause AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 250 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 43) Which of these life insurance plans holds the annual premium constant but decreases the face value of the policy each year? A) Decreasing term B) Credit life C) Mortgage life D) Universal life E) All of the above Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 44) You are considering the need for insurance. You desire a policy that provides permanent protection, has a fixed premium, and provides a fixed death benefit. What type of policy would you purchase? A) Term insurance B) Fixed premium insurance C) Whole life insurance D) Universal life insurance E) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Whole Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 45) Which of the following term plans is intended to cover an individualʹs outstanding debt? A) Renewable term B) Reentry term C) Credit life D) Mortgage life E) Both C and D above Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 46) What is the name of the insurance policy that pays your beneficiary a specific amount of money if you die while covered by the policy, and this coverage is for a set number of years and must be renewed when it expires? A) Term insurance B) Fixed premium insurance C) Cash-value insurance D) Universal life insurance E) None of the above Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Term Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance 251 47) Upon examining her life insurance policy, Sylvia found the cash value amount to be fixed rather than dependent upon other variables. Sylvia has a ________ insurance policy. A) whole life B) term life C) decreasing term D) variable life E) universal life Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Whole Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 48) Of the following life insurance policies term, whole life, universal life, variable life two have fixed death benefits. Which are they? A) Term and variable life B) Term and universal life C) Term and whole life D) Whole life and universal life E) Whole life and variable life Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 49) Which of the following is not a cash-value life insurance plan? A) Whole life B) Universal life C) Term life D) Variable life Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 50) When is convertible term life a good idea? Answer: Convertible term life allows you to enjoy a lower premium when younger to fit your budget and allows you to smoothly change to a more permanent type of coverage later in life. It is also great because it allows you to convert to an individual policy in the event you lose your job and want to continue the policy. Diff: 1 Topic: Term Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 252 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 51) Name and briefly describe the ten features found in almost all life insurance contracts. Answer: 1. The beneficiary provision allows for a primary and contingent beneficiary to receive the death proceeds (face amount) upon the insuredʹs death. 2. A grace period is an automatic extension for premium payments, generally 30 or 31 days after the premium is due. 3. The loan clause allows for loans, generally at a guaranteed rate, against the cash value of the policy. 4. A non-forfeiture clause gives the policyholder the cash value in exchange for the policyʹs termination, or allows exchanging the cash value for a paid-up policy with a reduced face value, or allows exchanging the policyʹs face value for a paid-up term policy. 5. The policy reinstatement clause provides the conditions for restoring a lapsed policy to its full rights, force, and effect. 6. A change of policy clause stipulates the conditions and allows the policyholder to change the form of the policy. 7. The suicide clause states that the insurance will not pay the death benefit for suicide during the first two years. 8. A payment of premium clause defines the alternatives for paying the premiums and allows for a change in payment methods. 9. The incontestability clause ensures that the insurance company cannot dispute the validity of the contract after it has been in force for a specified number of years, usually 2. 10. A list of settlement options gives the beneficiary options for receiving the policy benefits. Diff: 3 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 52) What are some drawbacks of term life insurance? Answer: Term life insurance becomes very costly in later years and is prohibitive for most people at that time. It has no cash-value build-up. You cannot use the cash value to pay the premiums later. Diff: 1 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 53) How is variable life different from universal life and term insurance? Who is it best suited for? Answer: Like universal life, it has a cash value with flexible premiums and death benefits. Unlike universal life, the cash value and death benefit are tied to and vary according to the performance of a set of investments that are chosen by the policyholder. Term life in any of its forms has none of these features. Variable life is aimed at individuals who want to manage their own investments and are willing to take associated risks. Diff: 2 Topic: Variable Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance 253 54) Tell about the pros of group term life insurance. Answer: Group term life is often less expensive than an individual policy, especially if you are older or less healthy. Uninsurable individuals are able to get relatively low-cost insurance whereas they would not otherwise. You may be able to get more coverage for the same or less money. Diff: 1 Topic: Term Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 55) Describe the major difference between renewable term and group term versus decreasing term and credit/mortgage group life insurance. Answer: Renewable term and group term are generally level insurance amounts the face amount of life insurance does not change over time. Decreasing term and credit mortgage group face amounts usually do decrease over time to match the amount of outstanding debt. Diff: 2 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 56) Explain the advantage of reentry term life insurance. Answer: Reentry term is guaranteed renewable at one of two possible premium levels. If you pass a medical exam, you qualify for the lower premium. In other words, you reenter the same policy at a cost that would not otherwise be available. Diff: 2 Topic: Term Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 57) What is the major advantage of universal life insurance at any age? Answer: Universal life allows for flexible premium payments so that policyholders can vary the amount and timing of their payments as their financial needs change. Diff: 1 Topic: Universal Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 58) Which of the types of cash-value policies are permanent insurance? Answer: Whole life, universal life, and variable life are permanent types of life insurance. Diff: 1 Topic: Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 59) What are the two basic forms of variable life insurance? Answer: The two basic forms of variable life are straight variable life and variable universal life. Diff: 1 Topic: Variable Life Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 254 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 9.4 Health Insurance 1) One of the provisions of the Affordable Care Act is to prevent insurance companies from denying coverage to consumers with preexisting conditions. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Affordable Care Act AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) Health insurance not only pays for your medical bills but also provides you with replacement income while you are unable to work. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Health Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) If you can afford health insurance but donʹt have it, you may have to pay a fee or penalty. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Health Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) Compared to those of normal weight, the 34 percent of Americans who are considered obese incur $1,429 per year in additional medical costs, and the average hospital bill for a heart attack is $54,400. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Health Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) Most major health care policies cover hospital, surgical, and physician coverages. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Major Medical Expense Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) Sallyʹs employerʹs insurance company does not offer eye insurance. She has always had 20/20 vision and as a healthy 24 year old assumes her eyes will not change drastically. Should she purchase a vision policy since her employer does not offer such a plan? A) Yes B) No Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Health Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) Traditional, fee-for-service plans are becoming rarer due to rising health care costs. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Health Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance 255 8) Under a managed health care or prepaid plan you have a good deal of freedom to choose your doctors and hospitals. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Health Maintenance Organization AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) Under a traditional indemnity plan, most of your expenses are already covered and donʹt need to be reimbursed, but youʹre limited to receiving health care from a specified group of participating providers. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Health Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) With a PPO, it is much more expensive to go to out of network healthcare providers. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Preferred Provider Organization AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) Group insurance premiums are generally more expensive than individual policies with the same coverage. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Group Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) Your insuranceʹs copayment and deductible are the expenses that the insured must pay before the insurance company will pay any benefits. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Health Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) If your employer doesnʹt provide them, then it might not be a financially wise decision to purchase dental and eye insurance. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Health Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14) An HSA is a good form of health care coverage for young, healthy people who rarely get sick. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Health Savings Accounts AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 256 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 15) There are some health care providers who do not accept flexible spending account payments. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Flexible Spending Account AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) A flexible spending account saves you money on qualifying healthcare and childcare expenses. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Flexible Spending Account AACSB: Analytical Thinking 17) The main disadvantage of a flexible spending plan is that you may lose any money remaining in the account at the end of the fiscal year. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Flexible Spending Account AACSB: Analytical Thinking 18) With COBRA coverage, the employer pays the premiums. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: COBRA AACSB: Analytical Thinking 19) According to the Affordable Care Act, children are allowed to stay on their parents insurance policy until they turn A) 21. B) 22. C) 24. D) 26. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Affordable Care Act AACSB: Analytical Thinking 20) According to the Keown book, which statement(s) reflect(s) the purpose of the Affordable Care Act? I. Improve quality and lower costs of health insurance II. Provide new consumer protections III. Minimize discrepancies in pre-existing condition costs IV. Increase access to affordable health care V. Hold insurance companies accountable A) I Only B) I, II, and V C) I, III, and IV D) I, II, IV, and V E) I, II, III, IV, and V Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Affordable Care Act AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance 257 21) The Health Insurance Marketplace is a new way for people to buy health insurance. To make plans easier to compare, the website presents plans in five categories with varying levels of cost-sharing. Which of the following plans is not offered? A) Silver: Your plan pays 70 percent, you pay 30 percent. B) Gold: Your plan pays 80 percent, you pay 20 percent. C) Platinum: Your plan pays 90 percent, you pay 10 percent. D) Titanium: Your plan pays 100 percent, you pay nothing. E) Catastrophic: A coverage option if you are under 30 or have very low income. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Affordable Care Act AACSB: Application of Knowledge 22) The best strategy for health insurance coverage is to purchase a comprehensive policy. Of the following, which additional coverage should you not buy if it is not provided at work or in your individual policy? A) Accident B) Terminal disease C) Dental D) Eyewear E) You should not buy any of the above if your employer does not provide them. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Health Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 23) Surgical insurance covers the cost of surgery. A surgical policy generally lists which of the following? A) The specific operations it will cover B) The maximum dollar amount that will be paid for each operation C) The dollar amount that will be paid to the surgeon for the operation D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Health Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 24) Hospital insurance is generally part of every insurance plan. It covers the costs associated with a hospital stay including A) room charges. B) nursing costs. C) drugs supplied by the hospital. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and B are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Health Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 258 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 25) Insurance that covers medical costs beyond those covered by basic health insurance is A) major medical insurance. B) catastrophic insurance. C) premium insurance. D) none of the above. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Health Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 26) Genevieveʹs husband died from lung cancer. As a result, she purchased additional ________ insurance. A) accident B) dread disease C) dental D) eyewear E) all of the above Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Health Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 27) Your entire family was injured in an automobile accident, some more seriously than others. If any member of your family became disabled to a greater extent, where might you look for disability benefits? A) Workerʹs Compensation B) Social Security C) Medicare D) Medicaid E) Both B and D above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Medicare AACSB: Analytical Thinking 28) James is employed by the university. Yesterday he fell outside of his office due to water on the floor. He broke his leg in two places. What type of health care plan will cover Jamesʹ expenses? A) Workerʹs Compensation. B) Medicaid. C) Medicare. D) Medigap. E) None of the above Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Workerʹs Compensation AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance 259 29) A ________ is a savings plan offered by some employers that allows each employee to have pretax earnings deposited into a specially designated account for paying qualified medical and dependant care bills. A) medical distribution account B) planned provider account C) group practice plan D) flexible spending account E) planned reimbursement account Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Flexible Spending Account AACSB: Analytical Thinking 30) Veronica was recently diagnosed with a heart condition. Her doctorʹs bill was $4,200 for the diagnostics. Her policy has a $250 deductible and a 80/20 coinsurance provision up to $10,000 and then the insurance pays 100% thereafter. In total, how much will Veronica pay for her diagnosis? A) $250 B) $4,200 C) $1,040 D) $10,000 Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Deductible AACSB: Analytical Thinking 31) Sylvester and JoAnn have both been laid off work during the last year and are now very poor. They found out that needy families can receive medical benefits through Medicaid. In addition, JoAnn found out that Medicaid can be used A) by the aged. B) by the blind. C) by disabled persons. D) for Medicare premiums, deductibles, and co-payments. E) all of the above. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Medicaid AACSB: Analytical Thinking 32) Medicare part ________ pays for doctorʹs fees/medical services/supplies, while part ________ pays for hospital insurance benefits. A) B; A B) A; B C) A; C D) B; C E) none of the above Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Medicare AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 260 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 33) Suppose that you wanted to purchase insurance that is sold by a private insurance company that will help bridge the gap in your Medicare coverage. You would purchase what type of insurance? A) Medicare Additional insurance B) Medigap insurance C) Medicare Plus insurance D) Medicare Bridge insurance E) None of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Medigap Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 34) Which of the following is a government-sponsored health care plan? A) Medicare B) Medicaid C) Workerʹs Compensation D) A and B only E) A, B, and C Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Workerʹs Compensation AACSB: Analytical Thinking 35) Which of the following statements is true about individual health care policies versus group healthcare policies? A) You may be required to take a physical exam. B) They tend to be less costly than group plans. C) You may need one as a supplement to your group policy. D) They are tailor-made for you. E) All but B are correct. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Group Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 36) Individual practice association, group practice, and point-of-service plans are the three basic types of A) Blue Cross Blue Shield plans. B) traditional indemnity plans. C) major medical expense plans. D) health maintenance organizations. E) fee-for-service policies. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Health Maintenance Organization AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance 261 37) Managed health care/prepaid care plans differ from fee-for-service or traditional indemnity plans in that they A) automatically file the claims for you. B) require you to see only a specified group of doctors, hospitals, and clinics. C) are more expensive to operate and cost you more money. D) are less efficient. E) both A and B above. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Managed Health Care AACSB: Analytical Thinking 38) The difference between an individual practice association plan (IPA) and a group practice plan is that A) an IPA is made up of a group of independent doctors who work out of their own offices; while a group practice plan confines doctors to the same central, shared facility. B) a group practice plan is made up of a group of independent doctors who work out of their own offices; while an IPA confines doctors to the same central, shared facility. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Health Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 39) Your health care coverage is with a PPO. For approved, in -network providers your deductible is $500 and your coinsurance provision is 80%. For out-of-network providers, your deductible is $1,000 and your coinsurance provision is 70%. Assume there is no co -pay provision and you have no other claims this calendar year. You have decided to go to a specialist that is not in the network and the bill is $1,400. How much will you have to pay out-of-pocket? A) $1,400 B) $1,120 C) $420 D) $1,320 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Preferred Provider Organization AACSB: Analytical Thinking 40) Your grandmother has just turned 65 years old and is now eligible for Medicare. She asks you whether or not she should also purchase Medigap insurance. What would you tell her to do? A) No, Medicare is a very comprehensive coverage so you wonʹt need any additional coverage. B) Yes, Medicare is very complicated and there are areas not covered so it would be a good idea to purchase additional coverage. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Medigap Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 262 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 41) Group health insurance A) refers to the way the health insurance is sold rather than to the characteristics of the policy. B) tends to be more expensive. C) reflects the age and health of the policyholder. D) all of the above. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Group Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 42) When firms allow employees to ʺopt outʺ regarding health care, employees A) are offered a cash incentive for electing not to cover their families under the company health plan. B) are not eligible to participate if their spouse has health insurance. C) are only eligible to participate if they are single. D) none of the above. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Health Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 43) An employer-sponsored medical plan that allows each employee to have pretax earnings deposited into a specially designated account for the purposes of paying specific types of expenses is called a A) flexible spending account. B) medical emergency account. C) medical contingency account. D) pre-tax contingency account. E) none of the above. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Flexible Spending Account AACSB: Analytical Thinking 44) Under COBRA, if you work for a company with at least 20 employees, you will be given the opportunity to continue your health insurance coverage for ________ after you leave the company, depending on why you left. A) zero to six months B) 6-12 months C) 72-84 months D) 18-36 months E) none of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: COBRA AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance 263 45) For every $100 set aside in a flexible spending account, taxable income is reduced by A) $10. B) $25. C) $50. D) $100. E) not enough information available. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Flexible Spending Account AACSB: Analytical Thinking 46) All of the following are true regarding Health Savings Accounts except A) they allow individuals to pay for current health care expenses on a tax -free basis. B) they allow individuals to save for future health care expenses on a tax-free basis. C) balances in HSAs earn interest before they are spent. D) unspent HSA funds are lost as the end of the year. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Health Savings Accounts AACSB: Analytical Thinking 47) Congress worked diligently in 2010 to pass a health care bill designed to make sure that almost all Americans have health insurance coverage. What is the official name of this act? A) Obamacare B) American Insurance All Act C) Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act D) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Health Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 48) Why are health care costs so expensive at this time? Answer: There are several reasons why health care is so expensive. For one, there seems to be a lack of incentives for providers of health care to economize. There is no incentive for patients to exercise restraint in visits and medical billing. It is very costly to develop, test, and certify new drugs. The cost of litigation from malpractice suits has skyrocketed. Diff: 2 Topic: Health Care AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 264 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 49) Describe the pros and cons of major medical insurance. Answer: Major medical covers medical costs beyond those covered by basic health insurance. It offsets the financial effects of a catastrophic illness or injury. It takes over where basic health insurance leaves off. Most plans cover a lifetime cap large enough for most needs. This type of plan does not provide complete coverage. There is a deductible and a co-payment provision. The lifetime cap of $250,000 limits the coverage for more costly bills. Consider an add-on policy that provides protection of up to at least $1 million. Diff: 2 Topic: Health Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 50) Briefly explain the different types of health insurance. Answer: Most health insurance is basic health insurance, which includes a combination of hospital, surgical, and physician expense insurance. Hospital insurance covers the costs associated with a hospital stay, including room charges, nursing costs, operating room fees, and drugs supplied by the hospital. Surgical insurance covers the cost of surgery. Physician expense covers the physicianʹs fees outside of surgery. Major medical covers medical costs beyond those covered by basic health insurance. Diff: 1 Topic: Health Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 51) Why is health insurance so necessary today? Answer: Health insurance is necessary to pay for the bills associated with sickness and injury. No one can pay for medical expenses out of his or her income. Even the wealthy will eventually exhaust their resources when paying for a lengthy illness or accident. The health care providers and facilities could not afford to stay open without some means of being compensated for their efforts. Health care insurance seems to be the best way to do this. Without this insurance the quality of health care would go down or not be available to the extent we need it. Diff: 2 Topic: Health Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 52) Explain the purpose of the government-sponsored health care plans. Answer: Workerʹs Compensation plans are governed by individual state laws and cover most employees. Benefits are paid for injuries and illnesses incurred on the job. Medicare covers disabled persons and persons 65 and older. Part A is mandatory, is free of charge, and provides hospital benefits. Part B is voluntary, is paid for by the individual, and covers doctorsʹ fees and a wide range of medical services and supplies. Medicaid provides medical care for the aged, blind, and disabled as well as to needy families with dependent children. Medicaid payments go toward Medicare premiums, deductibles, and co-payments. Diff: 2 Topic: Workerʹs Compensation AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance 265 53) Compare and contrast group and individual health insurance policies. Answer: Group insurance, which is insurance available at work or through some organization, is generally preferable to an individual policy. Most employer group plans do not require a physical exam; however, association or professional groups do require an exam. Group insurance is usually 15% to 40% less costly than an individual plan because of its bargaining power. Just the same, if you are in good health and in a safe occupation, sometimes an individual policy is less costly. An individual policy has the advantage of being tailor-made for you or your family. They tend in general to offer the same coverage as group plans. Since they are expensive, shop around. If you cannot get group coverage, get a comprehensive personal plan. The plans are also handy for acting as a supplement to a group policy. Diff: 2 Topic: Health Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 54) Tell how a PPO is different from a fee-for-service or HMO plan. Answer: A preferred provider organization is a bit like a cross between a traditional fee-for-service plan and an HMO. Under a PPO, an employer or insurer negotiates with a group of doctors and hospitals to provide health care for its employees or members at reduced rates. Those doctors and hospitals that agree to the reduced pricing system become members of the PPO. Diff: 1 Topic: PPO AACSB: Analytical Thinking 55) Compare and contrast the three basic types of HMOs. Answer: An individual practice association plan is made up of independent doctors who are paid by the HMO as well as have their own private practice. Patients go to the doctorsʹ regular offices and receive their medical treatment there. With a group practice plan, doctors are generally employed directly by the HMO and work out of a central, shared facility. The members can receive their medical treatment only from these doctors and only at these central facilities. A point-of-service plan allows its members to seek medical treatment from both HMO-affiliated doctors and non-HMO-affiliated doctors. Diff: 1 Topic: Health Maintenance Organization AACSB: Analytical Thinking 56) Compare and contrast fee-for-service and managed health care plans. Answer: Fee-for-service or traditional indemnity plans provide reimbursement for all or part of your medical expenditures. In general, they give you a good deal of freedom to choose your doctor and hospital. Managed health care or prepaid care plans entitle you to the health care of a specified group of participating doctors, hospitals, and clinics. The plans are generally offered by health maintenance organizations or variations of them. Diff: 2 Topic: Managed Health Care AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 266 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 57) Provide seven tips on shopping for any health care insurance. Answer: 1. Enroll in your group plan at work. 2. If there is no group plan, purchase the best individual one you can afford. 3. Donʹt be without health care insurance. 4. Donʹt cancel your present plan until the new one comes into effect. 5. Consider only a highly rated company. 6. Look for companies that provide fast, fair, and courteous claim service. 7. Get comprehensive health insurance. 8. Take as high a deductible and coinsurance payment as you can afford, so as to reduce costs. Diff: 2 Topic: Health Care AACSB: Reflective Thinking 58) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of medical reimbursement accounts. Answer: An employee is allowed to deposit pretax earnings into a specially designed account for paying health care costs. In addition to tax savings on unreimbursed health care costs, an MRA allows pretax dollars to pay for other medical expenses that many health care plans do not cover, such as eyeglasses and orthodontia expenses. The biggest drawback to this plan is that any contributions to the flexible spending account not used by the end of the year are lost. Care must be taken to set aside the amount of funds that approximate the bills that will be incurred. Diff: 2 Topic: Medical Reimbursement Account AACSB: Reflective Thinking 59) How does the concept of ʺopting outʺ work? Answer: An employer may offer employees a cash incentive to either opt out of the firmʹs health care plan or to elect not to cover their families. This provides a way for a company to reduce health care costs and increase profits. If your spouse has health care coverage where she or he works, opting out may be an alternative. If you opt out, will you be able to reenroll in the plan at a future date? This is a key question, for you do not want to be without health care insurance. Diff: 2 Topic: Health Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 60) What can each of us do in our personal lives to control health care costs? Answer: We can stay healthier by adopting and living the following practices: -Have regular health care check-ups. -Quit smoking. -Exercise regularly. -Eat healthy. -Reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption. -Reduce stress. -Get adequate rest. Diff: 2 Topic: Health Care AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance 267 61) List the required health benefits that health care plans must provide under the Affordable Care Act. Answer: -Ambulatory patient services -Emergency services -Hospitalization -Maternity and newborn care -Mental health and substance abuse disorder services -Prescription drugs -Laboratory services -Preventive and wellness services -Pediatric services -Rehabilitative and habilitative services and devices Diff: 2 Topic: Affordable Care Act AACSB: Analytical Thinking 62) List the plans and payment percentages offered in the Health Insurance Marketplace. Answer: Bronze: Your plan pays 60 percent, you pay 40 percent. Silver: Your plan pays 70 percent, you pay 30 percent. Gold: Your plan pays 80 percent, you pay 20 percent. Platinum: Your plan pays 90 percent, you pay 10 percent. Catastrophic: A coverage option if you are under 30 or have very low income. Diff: 3 Topic: Affordable Care Act AACSB: Application of Knowledge 9.5 Disability Insurance 1) Only a long-term disability policy makes sense, because only it protects against financial catastrophe. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Disability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) Long-term disability will replace 100% of your income while you are unable to return to work. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Disability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) With some disability income policies, you may receive partial benefits if you are able to return to work with a part-time schedule. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Disability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 268 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 4) If you have a good comprehensive health care policy, paying extra for disability income coverage is not a good use of your scarce insurance budget. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Disability Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) With short-term disability coverage, payments will continue to age 65. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Disability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) Health insurance that provides payments to the insured in the event that the insuredʹs income is interrupted by illness, sickness, or accident is called ________ insurance. A) accident and sickness B) disability C) income interruption D) unemployment Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Disability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) Short-term disability insurance generally provides benefits on disabilities from ________ after a short wait of ________ days. A) one day to three months; zero B) 30 days to three months; 7 C) three month to six months; 8 to 10 D) six months to two years; 8 to 30 E) none of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Disability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8) Some disability insurance policies offer residual or partial payments when returning to work part-time. These payments are especially desirable for those who are A) under the age of 40. B) over the age of 50. C) one year away from retirement. D) self-employed. E) none of the above. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Disability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance 269 9) The waiting or elimination period on oneʹs disability insurance refers to the period after the disability during which no benefits can occur. The waiting period is equivalent to A) the cost of oneʹs total premium. B) oneʹs annual salary. C) oneʹs median income. D) 6 months of oneʹs salary. E) the deductible for oneʹs health care policy. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Disability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) Policies define people as disabled if they canʹt perform A) the duties of their own occupation. B) the duties of any occupation for which they are reasonably suited. C) their own occupation for the first two years of their disability, and thereafter if they canʹt perform any occupation for which they are reasonably suited. D) All of the above could be correct, it varies with the policy. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Disability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) Who needs disability insurance? A) Anyone who relies on income from a job B) Only people who are married C) Only people who have dependents D) Only people who have no investment income Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Disability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) Which of the following does not offer some form of disability insurance? A) Employer benefit package B) Individual health policy C) Medicare D) Workerʹs Comp E) Social Security Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Disability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 270 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 13) Why are so many people without disability insurance? A) Employers donʹt supply it. B) People donʹt know about it. C) The price is prohibitive for most people. D) They cannot qualify for it. E) It may not be available in their state. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Disability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14) Describe the disability insurance features that make sense. Answer: 1. Choose a plan with a definition of disability that is to your advantage. 2. Consider partial or residual payments when returning to work part-time. 3. Given a choice between short-term and long-term benefit durations, choose long-term. 4. Choose a waiting/elimination period that is economical generally three months. 5. Itʹs a good idea to have a waiver of premium to pay the premium when disabled. 6. Get guaranteed renewable and noncancellable when you can afford it. 7. Obtain rehabilitation coverage to allow for retraining benefits. Diff: 2 Topic: Disability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 15) Define disability insurance and give the common sources of it. Answer: Disability insurance is earning-power insurance for anyone who relies on income from a job for financial support. It is generally available to replace most of your monthly income when you become disabled due to injury or illness. Workersʹ Comp provides benefits when the disability is work-related. Social Security gives benefits when the disability lasts for more than five months and is expected to last for more than one year. Employer-sponsored plans can cover short-term and long-term disabilities. If a plan is not available at work, you might consider an individual plan that would offset your loss. Diff: 2 Topic: Disability Insurance AACSB: Information Technology 9.6 Long-Term Care Insurance 1) Long-term care insurance provides money to help pay for nursing home and home health care expenses. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Long-Term Care Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Life and Health Insurance 271 2) Long-term care insurance may not be a good buy for people under the age of 40. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Long-Term Care Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) You should only consider a long-term care policy that includes coverage for Alzheimerʹs and Parkinsonʹs disease. It should also include which of the following provisions? A) Type of care B) Benefit and waiting period C) Inflation adjustment D) Waiver of premium E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Long-Term Care Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) Most long-term care policies require the insured to be unable to perform one or more activities of daily living (ADLs) without assistance. Which of these is included? A) Walking B) Eating C) Exercising D) Dressing E) A, B, and D are included. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Long-Term Care Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) Why is long-term care insurance needed? A) It is not covered by major medical insurance. B) It is not covered under Medicare. C) Life expectancies have increased. D) All of the above E) None of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Long-Term Care Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 272 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 6) Which statement is false regarding benefit periods on long-term health care insurance? A) Long-term health care coverage can range all the way from one year to a lifetime. B) The average stay in a nursing home is 2.44 years. C) The recommended minimum benefit period is six to nine years. D) Because women tend to spend longer periods of time in nursing care compared to men, women should consider a longer benefit period. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Long-Term Care Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) Define long-term care insurance and describe its basic features. Answer: Long-term care insurance pays for nursing home expenses and home health care. These plans protect you from the high costs of hiring someone to take care of you in a nursing home or at your own home. Carefully shop around because these types of policies are laden with exceptions and conditions to meet. Most policies require you to be unable to perform one or more ʺactivities of daily livingʺ without assistance. Consider only policies that cover Alzheimerʹs and Parkinsonʹs disease. The basic features include: 1. Investigate the type of care. Check to see if you are covered in a nursing home only or if the insurance extends to home care, adult day care, and hospital care. 2. The length of the benefit period is important, especially for women who live longer. Get a minimum of three to six years of coverage when taking out the policy. 3. The cost of the waiting period varies with the length. Take as long of a period as you can afford at least 100 days. 4. Be sure to include an inflation adjustment provision to cover the rising future costs. 5. The waiver of premium lets your insurance company pay for the premiums while you are receiving benefits. This is optional and is too costly to be included in general. Diff: 2 Topic: Long-Term Care Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Property and Liability Insurance 10.1 Protecting Your Home 1) Property insurance protects you from the financial risk associated with property losses. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Property Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) An HO-4 policy is a renterʹs insurance policy that protects the renterʹs personal property. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Renters Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 3) An HO-3 policy is a special form of homeownerʹs insurance policy that offers open perils protection except for those perils specifically excluded. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) In the United States, the first type of homeownerʹs insurance was fire insurance, offered in 1935 by a small company in Charleston, South Carolina. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) An attached garage is covered under Coverage B: Other structures. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) Angelaʹs home became overrun with termites. She had to stay in an apartment temporarily while her home was being fixed. The provision on her home owners policy that covers her expenses while she is not able to live in her home is known as: Coverage D: Loss of Use. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 274 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 7) Your backyard shed was damaged by a windstorm. Your coverage is based under Coverage D: Loss of Use. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8) While you were walking your dog, she bit a child. Medical treatment for the child would fall under Coverage C: Personal Property. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Liability Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 9) Personal liability insurance protects you from financial losses incurred if someone is injured on your property or as a result of your actions. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) Brandi thought it quite funny to have a decorative outhouse put on her property as a conversation piece. This structure is covered under Coverage A: Dwelling on her home owners policy. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) Renterʹs insurance includes liability insurance. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Renters Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) The inflation guard endorsement on your homeowners insurance policy automatically decreases your policy premiums each year due to the inflation rate. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Endorsement AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) Flood protection insurance is generally administered and subsidized by the federal government through the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Flood Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Property and Liability Insurance 275 14) Generally, a personal umbrella policy is an expensive policy that provides excess liability insurance over basic underlying contracts. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Umbrella Policy AACSB: Analytical Thinking 15) Fire, theft, and windstorm damage are examples of A) perils. B) hazards. C) miscellaneous mishaps. D) liabilities. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) John Murphy experienced a freak storm that damaged his roof and allowed water to leak into the house. The agent and adjuster said the peril was not covered under his HO -2 policy. John wishes he had taken out an ________ policy. A) HO-1 B) HO-3 C) HO-4 D) HO-5 E) HO-6 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 17) John Meadow rents an apartment and wants tenantʹs insurance or an ________ policy. A) HO-1 B) HO-2 C) HO-3 D) HO-4 E) HO-6 Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Renters Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 18) Your apartment building burned down while you were on vacation. Fortunately, you have renterʹs insurance. What will your policy cover? A) Any damages to the building structure B) Your neighborʹs personal property C) Your hotel and additional expenses based on a percentage of your property coverage D) All of the above are correct. E) None of the above are correct. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Renters Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 276 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 19) Your boyfriend is living in an apartment complex that has had a recent rash of robberies. He has $5,000 worth of rare coins. What should he do to protect himself in case of a robbery? A) Take a written and video tape inventory of his property. B) Add a personal articles floater to his policy. C) Take out personal property replacement cost coverage. D) Only B and C above E) A, B, and C above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Renters Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 20) Which of the following is not a consideration in determining the amount of homeownerʹs insurance a person needs? A) Cover the entire replacement cost in the event of a complete loss. B) Match the insurance coverage of similar homes in your neighborhood. C) Protect against the effect of inflation eroding away your coverage. D) Purchase flood or earthquake coverage if you are in an area prone to these occurrences. E) Determine if detached structures are adequately covered under standard policies. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 21) The purpose of a personal umbrella policy, as an addition to your homeownerʹs policy, is primarily to protect you from A) acts of God, such as falling objects, hail, etc. B) flood damage. C) lawsuits and judgments. D) faulty construction of your home. E) contested title to your property. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Liability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 22) You have recently inherited a sum of money. You are purchasing an old Victorian home which was built in 1856. The type of insurance needed on the house would be A) HO-1. B) HO-4. C) HO-6. D) HO-8. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Property and Liability Insurance 277 23) Your best friendʹs apartment has just been robbed, and he had no insurance. What would you suggest to your friend to better protect himself from such losses in the future? A) Purchase renterʹs insurance and add a personal articles floater. B) Take out personal property replacement cost coverage. C) Take a written and video tape inventory of your property. D) Only B and C above E) A, B, and C above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Renters Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 24) Suppose burglars trashed your apartment and stole your personal property. Your rent is $350 per month and you had to live in another apartment house for two months while the landlord had the apartment put back into livable condition. Under which section of an HO policy would you be covered and how much would you recover because of the move? A) Section I coverage C, $350 B) Section I coverage C, $700 C) Section I coverage D, $350 D) Section I coverage D, $700 E) Section II coverage, $350 Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Renters Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 25) On your home owners policy ________ protects any personal property thatʹs owned or used by the policyholder, regardless of the location of this property. In other words, if youʹre on a vacation in Hawaii and someone hits you with a pineapple and steals your suitcase, your personal property is still covered. A) Coverage A B) Coverage B C) Coverage C D) Coverage D E) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Liability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 278 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 26) The disadvantage of actual cash value coverage of personal property compared to replacement cost coverage is that it A) will reimburse you for replacement cost minus estimated depreciation. B) will reimburse you for the cash value of a new item. C) must be reported as a loss on your tax return. D) does not have to be reported as a loss on your tax return. E) none of the above. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 27) If you wanted to obtain an endorsement that automatically updates the level of property coverage based on an index of replacement costs that continually updates the cost of building a home, you would ask for a(n) A) inflation guard. B) automatic adjustment policy. C) replacement cost index. D) continual adjustment policy. E) none of the above. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 28) Reggie was hosting a BBQ when the deck fell off his house. Several of his friends were hurt in the accident. Luckily for Reggie he has ________ coverage on his home ownerʹs insurance. A) personal articles B) loss of use C) personal liability D) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 29) When you purchase a(n) ________, you are obtaining an extension to a homeownerʹs insurance policy that provides coverage for all personal property regardless of where it is located. A) uninsured property addendum B) property addendum C) personal rider D) personal articles floater E) none of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Floater AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Property and Liability Insurance 279 30) Antoine LaDuke suffered a major loss on his older home due to mud from a flood. Although he had homeownerʹs insurance, what was the probable reason he was not covered? A) His home was probably too expensive. B) His policy excluded flood-related damages. C) This is a personal liability issue. D) Older homes are excluded from flood-related damages. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Flood Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 31) Insurers in California are required to offer ________ coverage to consumers due to the substantial risk factors in that state. A) renters B) liability C) inflation D) earthquake E) bankruptcy Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 32) Supplemental coverage for homeownerʹs insurance is available through endorsements. Which one of the following is not a common form of additional coverage? A) Personal articles floaters B) Earthquake coverage C) Flood protection D) Medical payments E) Inflation guard Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 33) Wilber Robinson found out that his homeownerʹs coverage comes in handy when a neighbor steps on a garden rake and it flips up and causes a concussion. Josh did just that and spent two weeks in the hospital running up a $23,000 bill. Josh was covered under A) section II medical payments. B) section II personal liability. C) section I loss of use. D) added liability insurance. E) the 80 percent rule. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Liability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 280 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 34) The replacement value of the house less accumulated depreciation (which is the decline in value over time due to wear and tear) is known as A) actual cash value. B) replacement value. C) market value. D) depreciation. E) none of the above. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 35) Amy Lambertʹs home is insured for $85,000 and her detached garage is destroyed by a windstorm. She hopes to collect $11,850 under her homeownerʹs policy. What will happen? A) Amy will receive $11,850 under Coverage B: Other structures B) Amy will receive $11,850 under Coverage A: Dwelling C) Amy will receive $8,500 under Coverage B: Other structures D) Amy will receive $8,500 under Coverage A: Dwelling E) Amy will receive $11,850 under Coverage C: Personal property Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 36) Coverage A: Dwelling protects A) personal property in a dwelling. B) unattached structures on the dwelling site. C) your home. D) any attachments to your home. E) both C and D above Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 37) Alfred lost his 3-year-old camera. It cost him $200 three years ago and had a life expectancy of 6 years. Alfred has actual cash value insurance on this camera, which means his insurance company will issue him a check for ________ for his loss. A new camera costs $150. A) $75 B) $150 C) $200 D) none of the above Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Property Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Property and Liability Insurance 281 38) You have the most popular house on the block for the neighborhood children to play at. You have a trampoline, tree fort and jungle gym. Your family also has two large German shepherd dogs. What should you consider given the described situation? A) Purchasing personal property replacement cost coverage B) Purchasing earthquake coverage C) Purchasing an umbrella policy D) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Liability Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 39) What is the main difference between replacement cost coverage and actual cash value coverage? A) Replacement cost coverage does not consider depreciation. B) Actual cash value does not consider depreciation. C) Replacement cost coverage requires an endorsement to your policy D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and C are correct. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Endorsement AACSB: Analytical Thinking 40) Explain Section I: Property Coverage for HO-2 and HO-3 policies. Answer: Section I covers four major areas important to all homeowners: -Coverage A: Dwelling protects the house and any attachments to it. -Coverage B: Other structures protects other structures on the premises that are not attached to the house for 10% of the insurance on the house itself. -Coverage C: Personal property insures any personal property that is owned or used by the policyholder, regardless of the location of this property. -Coverage D: Loss of use provides benefits, such as temporarily living elsewhere, if your home cannot be used due to an insured loss. Diff: 2 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 282 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 41) Describe each of the six HO packaged policies. Which one is the most common? Answer: HO-1 is the basic form. It provides very narrow coverage and is the least expensive. HO-2 is the broad form of coverage and protects against named perils. It is more extensive than HO-1. HO-3, the special form, has the advantage of insuring against open perils, meaning it covers many perils not specifically mentioned in the policy. It is the costliest of the three thus far mentioned. HO-6 covers condo and co-op owners. It insures like renterʹs insurance plus it covers structural improvements and alterations. HO-8 is modified coverage for older homes with expensive replacement costs. HO-4 is renterʹs insurance that provides protection for personal property, liability, and loss of use only. Diff: 2 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 42) Provide an explanation of Section II: Personal Liability Coverage. Answer: This part of a homeownerʹs insurance policy covers personal liability insurance to protect the insured and family members from the financial loss incurred if someone is injured on their property or as a result of their actions. It also covers medical expenses and liability suits. Diff: 1 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 43) Most companies allow six endorsements or supplemental coverages to meet their customersʹ needs. Name and describe the six. Which one is unique and stands apart from the others? Answer: -Personal articles floaters provide additional and extended coverage for all personal property. It is especially meant for expensive items and collections. -Earthquake coverage is available in any state and is recommended for earthquake areas. -Flood protection covers flood, mudslide, and some water erosion damage -Inflation guard automatically updates your amount of coverage based on an index. -Personal property replacement cost pays for a new item and not for a used one. -Added liability protects you from judgments and lawsuits in excess of $100,000. It is also available for business and professional use of the home The flood protection is unique in that it is generally administered and subsidized by the federal government. A community must apply and be approved by the Department of Housing and Urban Development. At that point insurers can offer the coverage with limits of $250,000 on dwellings and an additional $100,000 on contents. Diff: 2 Topic: Endorsement AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Property and Liability Insurance 283 44) Describe the difference between actual cash value and replacement value. Answer: Homeownerʹs insurance is set up to pay the policyholder the actual cash value of the loss. The actual cash value, which is the replacement cost minus estimated depreciation (wear-and-tear costs), can be well below the cost of replacing the asset. As an alternative, most homeownerʹs policies come with optional replacement cost coverage, which provides for the actual replacement cost of a stolen or destroyed item as opposed to the actual cash value. Diff: 2 Topic: Liability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10.2 Your Insurance Needs 1) One healthy way to reduce your insurance premiums is to quit smoking. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) A lower insurance credit score generally results in lower homeownerʹs insurance rates. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Insurance Credit Score AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 3) One way to lower the premiums you pay on your insurance is to have a higher deductible. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Property Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) Your insurance credit score depends on, among other things, your payment history and the types of credit used. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Insurance Credit Score AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) Barbara is over 55 so she qualifies for additional home ownerʹs insurance discounts. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) Since most homeownersʹ claims are for relatively small amounts, high deductibles will keep your insurance costs down. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 284 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 7) The coinsurance provision requires that the insurance company will pay a portion of your financial losses in the event of a catastrophe. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Insurance Credit Score AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8) A(n) ________ is an insurance company that distributes its products to customers without the use of agents. A) direct writer B) private writer C) underwriter D) public writer Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Insurance Agents AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) Your home and property have a market value of $200,000. Since you want to make sure that you meet the coinsurance provisions, you should have at least ________ of insurance. A) $160,000 B) $180,000 C) $200,000 D) $220,000 E) none of the above Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) What determines the cost of your homeownerʹs insurance? A) The location of your home B) The type of structure C) The level of coverage and policy type D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 11) Lisa and Eric want to keep the cost down on the homeownerʹs insurance they will need. After talking to their parents they developed a list of ways to do so. Identify the one mistake on it. A) Take as high a deductible as you can afford to self insure. B) Install an adequate security system. C) Pay your insurance premiums quarterly. D) Install adequate smoke detectors. E) Insure your cars with the homeownerʹs company. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Property and Liability Insurance 285 12) Lisa and Eric were notified that replacement cost coverage is in effect on a home ownerʹs policy only if the home is insured for at least 80% of its replacement cost. This provision is known as the A) Replacement Cost Rule. B) 80 Percent Rule. C) Replacement Cost Provision. D) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) Suppose Lisa and Eric do not purchase an adequate amount of insurance on their home. In the event of a claim, they would pay a portion of it. This is the A) inflation guard. B) added liability. C) replacement cost. D) coinsurance provision. E) 70 percent rule. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14) Eric and Lisa Lambert are purchasing a home for the first time. Their insurance company wants them to insure at least ________ of the homeʹs full replacement cost. A) 70% B) 75% C) 80% D) 85% E) 90% Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 15) Your home and property have a market value of $240,000. To meet the coinsurance provision, you would need at least ________ of insurance. A) $144,000 B) $168,000 C) $192,000 D) $216,000 E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 286 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 16) The ________ is the amount that you agree to pay before insurance coverage kicks in. A) pro rata share B) gratis C) allowance D) deductible E) none of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Deductible AACSB: Analytical Thinking 17) Which of the following statements best describes the 80 percent rule? A) Your home is covered for 80 percent of its original value, regardless of replacement cost. B) Your home is covered for replacement cost, provided the total premiums paid are less than 80 percent of the outstanding premiums due. C) Replacement cost coverage is only effective if your home is insured for at least 80 percent of its replacement cost. D) Your house cannot be replaced if its replacement cost is less than 80 percent of assessed market value. E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 18) Which of the following statements is true? A) The lower your insurance credit score, the higher your homeownerʹs insurance rate will be. B) The higher your insurance credit score, the higher your homeownerʹs insurance rate will be. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 19) What factors are considered when insurance companies decide what rates to charge you for homeownerʹs insurance? A) Whether you have an in-home sprinkler system B) What type of building materials were used in the house C) Your credit score D) All of the above are correct. E) All but B are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Property and Liability Insurance 287 20) Pretend you are an insurance agent. Explain the coinsurance and 80 percent rule to a client. Answer: The coinsurance provision requires you to pay a portion of your own losses if you do not purchase an adequate level of insurance. Most companies also require you to carry at least 80 percent of your homeʹs full replacement cost. This 80 percent rule applies to losses on your dwelling only and not to personal property. If you insure for less than 80 percent of the replacement value, you will receive the greater of these two: -the actual cash value of the portion of your house that was destroyed or The amount of insurance purchased × the amount 80% of replacement cost of loss Diff: 2 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 21) Outline the considerations for choosing the amount of homeownerʹs insurance you need. Answer: Purchase enough homeownerʹs insurance to cover: -the replacement value of your home in the event of a complete loss -the effects of inflation eroding away your coverage -flood and earthquake damage if you are in such an area -detached structures or elaborate landscaping -home office for business and professional use -all of your personal property -for most people replacement cost is a good idea -valuable possessions that need special protection need a floater -assets that are much greater than the liability limits on your present policy -personal property when you are renting Diff: 2 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 22) To make sure all of your personal property is paid for in the event of a loss, it is a good idea to make an inventory of all household contents. Tell what should be included. Answer: To establish proof of ownership and the value of your assets, use a detailed inventory. It should include the date of purchase, the cost, the model and serial number, and the brand name. Make both a written and a videotape inventory. Diff: 1 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 288 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 23) Give the three basic factors that determine the cost of your homeownerʹs insurance. List the possible ways of saving money on premiums. Answer: The three basic factors are: (1) the location of your home, (2) its type of structure, and (3) your level of coverage and policy type. Possible ways of saving on premiums include: -Take as high of a deductible as you can afford. -Install a security system, smoke detectors, and fire extinguishers. -Ask for a multiple policy discount with your car insurer-pay premiums annually. -Ask for other discounts. -Consider a direct writer. -Shop around and get bids from several agents. -Doublecheck your policy to make sure you have the coverage you need. Diff: 2 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 10.3 Making Your Coverage Work 1) While transporting your TV to the repair shop, someone stole it from your car. Your TV is covered under your homeownerʹs coverage. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Property Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) Your home was damaged by a hail storm. This will require a police report in order for you to file a claim. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Insurance Company AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) Since there were no witnesses to the robbery at your apartment, there is no reason to contact the police. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) For structural damage to your dwelling, it would be a good idea to request for an estimate from a qualified contractor before accepting the check from your insurance company. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Insurance Company AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Property and Liability Insurance 289 5) You should not alter or repair any physical damages to your property until after the claims adjuster has investigated the loss. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Insurance Company AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) Felixʹs $2,000 TV was stolen. He has no record of its purchase, however, he knows his insurance company will reimburse him the full value of the TV. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Insurance Company AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) A homeownerʹs personal inventory will help you maximize your insurance claims in case of loss. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 8) Your written or video inventory of your assets should be kept in a safe place such as a lock box at your bank. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Insurance Company AACSB: Reflective Thinking 9) To be properly reimbursed for the loss of personal property in your home, you should take a written inventory of household contents and a video tape of these contents. You should have a written description and an oral description that includes which of the following? A) Date of purchase B) The cost of each item C) Model number and brand name D) Serial number E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 10) While you were visiting a friend, someone robbed their apartment and stole your laptop computer. Unfortunately, they did not have renterʹs insurance. Where can you look for help to replace your computer? A) The landlordʹs loss of use coverage B) Your homeownerʹs insurance policy C) Your friend through small claims court D) None of the above are correct. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Renters Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 290 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 11) According to the Keown book, why donʹt renters typically have renterʹs insurance? A) They felt the insurance was too expensive. B) They didnʹt know they needed coverage. C) They have never heard of such insurance. D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Renters Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) In the event of a loss you should do all of the following except A) report your loss immediately. B) refrain from making any repairs until the claims adjuster has seen the damage. C) make a detailed list of everything that is lost or damaged. D) maintain records of the insurance settlement process. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Insurance Company AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) To effectively collect on a loss when filing a homeownerʹs claim, the first step should be A) to make temporary repairs to protect your property. B) confirm the adjusterʹs estimate. C) make a detailed list of everything lost or damaged. D) maintain records of the insurance settlement process, especially expenses. E) report your loss to your insurance agent, and the police if applicable. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 14) Your home is hit by a strong wind storm that causes serious damage to one end of it. The rest of your home is livable. What do you do? Answer: Report your loss immediately. Next, make a detailed list of everything damaged or gone. Make temporary repairs to protect your property. Maintain records of the insurance settlement process, especially expenses. Be sure to confirm the adjusterʹs estimate with a building contractor. Diff: 1 Topic: Homeownerʹs Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 10.4 Automobile Insurance 1) With PAP coverage, if youʹre driving a car you donʹt own, your medical expenses wonʹt be covered but those of other injured passengers or pedestrians will be. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Medical Expenses Coverage AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Property and Liability Insurance 291 2) It is possible to have a different deductible for collision loss than you have for comprehensive physical damages. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Collision Loss Coverage AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) With no-fault insurance you can still sue for ʺpain and sufferingʺ but only if the other driver was at fault. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: No Fault Coverage AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) In 2014, at least 26 percent of all auto collisions involved cell phones. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Personal Automobile Policy AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) Under standard PAP coverage, youʹre not covered when you are using a vehicle without the permission of its owner. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Personal Automobile Policy AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) Each automobile policy contains both liability and property damage coverage. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) On your automobile insurance policy, medical expense coverage doesnʹt have per person limits. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Collision Loss Coverage AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8) For drivers who have liability coverage only, they are self insured for damages to their personal car. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Liability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 292 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 9) Most professional financial planners recommend that you carry $1,000,000 of bodily injury liability coverage per person. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Liability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) Comprehensive physical damage coverage would cover damage if your car were hit in a parking lot. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Collision Loss Coverage AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) The greater your financial assets, the less automobile insurance coverage you should carry because you can afford the financial loss. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Collision Loss Coverage AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) In addition to paying the policy limits for the damages you caused, the insurer also agrees under Part A to defend you in any civil cases arising from the accident and to pay all legal costs. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Personal Automobile Policy AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) Combined single limit liability coverage allows for either separate coverage limits for bodily injury and property damage, split-coverage limits per person, or both. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Personal Automobile Policy AACSB: Reflective Thinking 14) Uninsured motoristʹs protection coverage provides coverage for injuries caused by an uninsured motorist, a negligent driver whose insurance company is not solvent, or a hit-and-run driver. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Uninsured Motorists Coverage AACSB: Analytical Thinking 15) The recommended limit on both collision and comprehensive physical coverage damage is the cash value of your automobile. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Collision Loss Coverage AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Property and Liability Insurance 293 16) No-fault insurance only pays for your losses if you were not at fault in the accident. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: No Fault Coverage AACSB: Reflective Thinking 17) Charlie drives his own vehicle as a taxi on weekends in his home town. With his PAP coverage, his automobile is covered since he is carrying passengers for a fee. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Personal Automobile Policy AACSB: Analytical Thinking 18) Two of the determinants of the cost of your automobile insurance are the use and type of your automobile. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Personal Automobile Policy AACSB: Analytical Thinking 19) For a minor traffic accident, it is not necessary to call the police if you plan on submitting a claim to your insurance company. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Automobile Accidents AACSB: Analytical Thinking 20) Heather was advised to take a defensive driving course as a means to reduce her annual auto insurance premium. Is this a true or a false suggestion? Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Automobile Accidents AACSB: Analytical Thinking 21) Rosemary was hit by another vehicle on the way home from work. She believes the other driver was under the influence of alcohol. Rosemary is not within her rights to demand that the other driver take an alcohol test. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Automobile Accidents AACSB: Analytical Thinking 22) In you are involved in an automobile accident and suspect the other driver may have been driving under the influence, you should request that the police perform sobriety tests on both of you. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Automobile Accidents AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 294 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 23) The use of insurance credit scoring is more common with the sale of homeownerʹs insurance coverage than it is with automobile insurance coverage. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Automobile Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 24) Driving at 55 miles per hour for five seconds–the minimum amount of time that texting takes your attention off of the road–youʹll travel the length of a football field without looking. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Automobile Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 25) Most professional financial planners recommend carrying at least $100,000 in bodily injury liability coverage per person, $300,000 in bodily injury liability coverage for all persons, and $100,000 in property damage liability coverage. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Automobile Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 26) Which of the following is a way for consumers to keep their automobile insurance rates down? A) Improve their driving records. B) Lower their deductibles. C) Consider only high-quality insurers. D) Both A and C Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Automobile Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 27) If you have a significant amount of assets, most financial planners recommend the following automobile liability insurance limits. A) 50/100/25 B) 100/300/100 C) 250/500/100 D) 500/1,000/250 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Automobile Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 28) Deon tried to merge onto the Atlantic Expressway and caused a three-car accident. He has automobile insurance with limits of 50/100/25. What is the maximum amount that his insurance company will pay for the bodily injury liability claims? A) $50,000 B) $75,000 C) $100,000 D) $125,000 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Automobile Insurance AACSB: Application of Knowledge Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Property and Liability Insurance 295 29) A teenage driver crashes her parentsʹ minivan into an office building, causing $85,000 in damage to the building. The automobile liability insurance limits are 100/250/75. How will the damages be allocated between the driver and the insurance company? A) The driver will be responsible for $85,000. B) The driver will be responsible for $75,000, the insurance company for $10,000. C) The driver will be responsible for $10,000, the insurance company for $75,000. D) The insurance company will be responsible for $85,000. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Automobile Insurance AACSB: Application of Knowledge 30) You had several of your sonʹs friends over last night for a sleepover. While dropping off their child, one of the parents did not see your basketball hoop and smashed it beyond repair with her car. Where would you look for damage payment? A) The driverʹs homeownerʹs insurance B) Section II of the driverʹs homeownerʹs insurance C) The driverʹs automobile liability coverage D) The driverʹs automobile comprehensive insurance E) The driverʹs automobile collision insurance Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Liability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 31) Which of the following is not a determinant of the cost of your automobile insurance rates? A) Your age B) Your credit score C) Your driving record D) Your marital status E) The number of children that you have Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic: Personal Automobile Policy AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 32) Which of the following are among the most common driver distractions that lead to insurance claims? A) Talking on cell phones B) Applying make-up or shaving C) Reading something D) Eating something E) All of the above are cited as the most common driver distractions. Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic: Liability Insurance AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 296 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 33) You were standing on the sidewalk waiting for a bus when a car lost control, jumped the curb, and hit you in the leg causing medical injuries. Which of the following provides reimbursement for your medical expenses? A) The driverʹs collision coverage. B) The driverʹs liability coverage. C) Your comprehensive physical damages coverage. D) Your medical expenses coverage E) Both B and D are correct. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Medical Expenses Coverage AACSB: Analytical Thinking 34) Which of the following are not discounts for PAP coverage? A) Good student discount B) Anti-theft equipment discount C) Low miles per gallon discount D) Accident free discount E) All of the above are discounts for PAP. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Personal Automobile Policy AACSB: Analytical Thinking 35) Which of the following will most likely pay the least for automobile insurance, assuming they all drive identical cars? A) A 29-year-old woman with a good credit score and driving record B) A 55-year-old woman with two drunk driving arrests C) A 32-year-old married man with bad credit and a bad driving record D) A 20-year-old man who drives 50,000 miles per year and lives in a big city Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Personal Automobile Policy AACSB: Analytical Thinking 36) What should a 20-year-old man consider when he is thinking about purchasing a new car? A) The sportier the car he purchases is, the more his insurance will cost. B) Because of his demographics, he will pay higher rates for car insurance. C) The type of car he purchases could have a dramatic impact on the cost of his insurance. D) All of the above are correct. E) All but A are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Personal Automobile Policy AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Property and Liability Insurance 297 37) What characteristics will affect the cost of your car insurance? A) The type of automobile you drive B) Where you reside C) How many miles you drive D) All of the above E) All but B are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Personal Automobile Policy AACSB: Analytical Thinking 38) Young ________ generally pay the most for their insurance, because they have a statistically greater chance of having an accident. A) married females B) unmarried males C) married males D) unmarried females Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Personal Automobile Policy AACSB: Analytical Thinking 39) Why is it a good idea for you to purchase uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage? A) 15% of drivers have no automobile insurance. B) A majority of drivers only carry the legal minimum liability coverage. C) This coverage protects you and your passengers for medical expenses. D) All of the above are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Uninsured Motorists Coverage AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 40) You have liability only coverage on your car. It was damaged in the parking lot by a hit-and-run driver. What coverage do you have for your damages? A) Their collision coverage B) Their liability coverage C) Your liability coverage D) None of the above Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Liability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 41) Which of the following could increase the cost of your auto insurance? A) Driving a sportier car B) Driving more miles per year C) Decreasing the amount of your deductible D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Liability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 298 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 42) What is it about liability coverage that makes it so important? A) There is no way to know in advance what your potential liability loss will be. B) Huge sums of money are handed out in settlements over lawsuits over auto accidents. C) This coverage will pay all legal costs should you be involved in a civil case arising from an accident. D) All of the above are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Liability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 43) What are the areas covered in Part A: Liability coverage in a personal automobile policy? A) Bodily injury, property damage, judgments awarded, court costs, legal defense fees B) Bodily injury, property damage, court costs, legal defense fees, bail bond C) Bodily injury, property damage, legal defense fees, bail bond, loss of wages D) Bodily injury, judgments awarded, court costs, loss of wages E) Judgments awarded, property damage, court costs, legal defense fees, bail bond Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Liability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 44) Toldae and Natasha were driving their friends home when they rear -ended another car. They are worried about paying for the medical bills and possibly getting sued. Who will be covered under their Part B: Medical expense coverage? A) Toldae, Natasha, and the people in the car they hit B) Toldae, Natasha, and their friends C) Their friends and the people in the other car D) The driver and their friends E) The driver and the people in the other car Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Medical Expenses Coverage AACSB: Analytical Thinking 45) Francis was just learning to drive. She forgot to put the car into park and it rolled down the driveway and into the neighborʹs automobile. What part of her automobile insurance policy will cover the damage to her neighborʹs automobile? A) Part A: liability coverage B) Part B: medical expense coverage C) Part C: uninsured motorists coverage D) Part D: damage to your automobile coverage Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Automobile Accidents AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Property and Liability Insurance 299 46) Verci and Banok skidded on the ice and hit a telephone pole. Their car suffered severe damage to the front end. This expense will be covered under part D called A) liability coverage. B) damage to your automobile coverage. C) underinsured damage coverage. D) property damage coverage. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Collision Loss Coverage AACSB: Analytical Thinking 47) ________ auto insurance pays for your losses and the losses suffered by your passengers, while the other driverʹs insurance would pay for his or her losses. This arrangement is made to keep insurance costs down, especially for settling claims. A) Comprehensive B) No-fault C) Your fault D) PAP E) PIP Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: No Fault Coverage AACSB: Analytical Thinking 48) Elvis drove expensive cars. Which of the following was not a determinant in his automobile insurance costs? A) Type of vehicle B) His personal characteristics C) His driving record D) Where he lived E) All of the above WERE determinants in the cost of his auto insurance. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Personal Automobile Policy AACSB: Reflective Thinking 49) Suppose that, during a party, one of your guests drove their car into the corner of your garage while turning around. Where would you look for damage payment to fix your garage? A) Their homeownerʹs insurance B) Your homeownerʹs insurance C) Your guestʹs PAP liability coverage D) Your guestʹs PAP comprehensive insurance E) Your guestʹs PAP collision insurance Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Liability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 300 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 50) Valerie was very angry at her soon to be exhusband and when she found his expensive sports car at his girlfriendʹs home she rammed into it with her pickup truck. Will her insurance policy cover the damage to her vehicle? A) Yes, she has full coverage. B) No, one of the exclusions on her policy says it will not cover if the damage was intentional. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: No Fault Coverage AACSB: Analytical Thinking 51) ________ would provide coverage for you against injuries caused by a negligent driver whose insurance company is insolvent. A) Collision coverage B) Personal liability coverage C) Negligent driver rider D) Uninsured motoristʹs protection coverage E) None of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Uninsured Motorists Coverage AACSB: Analytical Thinking 52) Uninsured motorists coverage A) can be purchased by uninsured drivers after an accident to retroactively cover their losses. B) will not provide coverage if the other driverʹs insurance company is insolvent. C) will cover injuries caused by a hit-and-run driver. D) All of the above are true. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Uninsured Motorists Coverage AACSB: Analytical Thinking 53) What type of auto insurance protects you in the case of accident regardless of who caused the accident? A) No-cause insurance B) No-fault insurance C) No-litigation insurance D) Cause-free insurance E) None of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: No Fault Coverage AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Property and Liability Insurance 301 54) In general, which of the following is true regarding the amount of liability insurance you should carry? A) It should never be greater than your stateʹs minimum. B) It should be inversely proportional to your net worth. C) The greater your assets, the more coverage you should carry. D) None of the above are correct. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Liability Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking 55) Rosanne was in a car crash a few years ago that left her with hearing loss. She has decided to sue the owner of the other automobile for the medical costs of recovering her hearing. How many years, from the date of the crash, does she have to file a claim for the expenses? A) 1 year B) 2 years C) 3 years D) 4 years E) There is no time limit for filing for medical expenses. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Automobile Accidents AACSB: Analytical Thinking 56) In your many travels, you have suddenly found yourself in an auto accident the very first one where you are at fault. Both cars are blocking a bridge with heavy city traffic. What should you do? A) Stay at the scene of the accident have someone call the police and get medical help. B) Move the cars to a safe place so no one else gets hit. C) Call a lawyer to meet you at the scene of the accident. D) Refrain from admitting guilt or signing anything. E) All of the above except C Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Automobile Accidents AACSB: Analytical Thinking 57) With automobile insurance damage claims, Insurance companies will use the concept of ʺcontributory negligenceʺ to determine how much to pay in damages. What does this concept mean? Answer: The term contributory negligence deals with the fact that some driverʹs behaviors actually contributed to the accident and that these behaviors are not insured by the basic PAP. Things like speeding, driving too fast for conditions, running a red light, not wearing a seat belt or driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol contributed to the accident occurring. Since the driver was determined to be negligent in causing the wreck, then the Insurance company will reduce their payout accordingly. Diff: 3 Topic: Personal Automobile Policy AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 302 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 58) You plan to purchase a personal automobile policy on your new car. You want to be able to understand the four basic parts, which are: Answer: Part A: Liability coverage provides protection for you if you are legally liable for bodily injury and property damage caused by your automobile. It includes payment for any judgment awarded, court costs, and legal defense fees. Part B: Medical expense coverage pays medical bills and funeral expenses, with limits per person, for you and your passengers. Part C: Uninsured motoristʹs protection coverage protects you by covering bodily injury and property damage caused by drivers without liability insurance. It is required in many states. Part D: Damage to your automobile provides coverage for collision with another vehicle or an object. With collision insurance, losses are covered regardless of whose fault it is. Diff: 1 Topic: Personal Automobile Policy AACSB: Reflective Thinking 59) The personal automobile policy (PAP) provides broad coverage, but there are a number of standard exceptions. Give five of them here. Answer: You are not covered when: -intentional injury or damage is involved -using a vehicle without permission of the owner -using a vehicle with fewer than four wheels -driving another personʹs car that is provided for you on a regular basis -you own the automobile but do not have it listed on your insurance policy -you are carrying passengers for a fee -driving in a race or speed contest Diff: 2 Topic: Personal Automobile Policy AACSB: Analytical Thinking 60) You want to make an informed choice in buying auto insurance. You have studied the major cost determinants. Write a report in first person telling how they will affect you. Answer: The sportier and more high-powered car I own, the more my insurance will cost. I will consider an economical one. The less I drive my car to work and other places, the less it will cost to own a PAP. My age, sex, marital status will have a direct effect on my rates. Being a young, single male will cost me plenty. The fewer traffic accidents and tickets I have had, the less my insurance will cost, and vice versa. My premiums will be less because I live in a rural area. My friends who live in urban areas will pay more. By installing certain safety features and showing I possess personal characteristics that identify me as a safe driver, I will save even more. Diff: 2 Topic: Personal Automobile Policy AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Property and Liability Insurance 303 61) You want to keep your insurance costs down on your car. Prepare a list of things to ask your agent and to do in general. Answer: 1. Is your company a high-quality, top-rated firm by A.M. Best? 2. Do you give the standard discounts for nonsmokers, nondrinkers, driving school grads, good students, car poolers, etc.? 3. Do you give a good discount for higher deductibles? 4. Can you help me keep adequate liability insurance? 5. Do I really need all of these policy features? 6. I will shop around and improve my driving record. Diff: 2 Topic: Personal Automobile Policy AACSB: Reflective Thinking 62) Your assignment is to explain the basis for no-fault insurance. Do so in one brief, but thorough, paragraph. Answer: Over half the states have instituted some variation of no-fault auto insurance. The theory behind this concept is that your insurance company should pay for your losses, regardless of who is at fault for the accident. All of the legal expenses associated with attaching blame would then be lifted and insurance coverage should be less costly. Insurance companies are always looking for ways to keep the costs down, particularly settling claims. Diff: 2 Topic: No Fault Coverage AACSB: Analytical Thinking 63) You made a list of things to do when involved in an auto accident but you lost it. You have just been in a wreck with another vehicle. What are five important things to do now? Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Get help for the injured and have someone call the police and an ambulance. Move your car to a safe place, if possible, to prevent further accidents. Get the names and addresses and license plate numbers of all vehicles involved. Cooperate with the police. Insist on alcohol tests if you suspect drinking was involved. Diff: 1 Topic: Automobile Accidents AACSB: Reflective Thinking 64) List seven general ways you can keep your automobile insurance rates down while ensuring complete coverage. Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Shop comparatively. Consider only high-quality insurers. Take advantage of discounts. Buy a car thatʹs relatively inexpensive to insure. Improve your driving record. Raise your deductibles. Keep adequate liability insurance. Diff: 3 Topic: Automobile Insurance AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 304 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 65) List the most common automobile insurance discounts. Answer: Accident-free discount Multiple-automobiles discount Low annual mileage discount Multi-policy discount Low ʺdamageabilityʺ discount Good-student discount Over-50 discount Defensive-driving course completion discount Passive-restraints discount Non-commuter or carpooler discount Antitheft-devices discount Diff: 2 Topic: Automobile Insurance Discounts AACSB: Analytical Thinking 66) Briefly describe the most common automobile insurance discounts. Answer: Accident free: A 10 percent discount on most coverage after three years without a chargeable accident. After six years, the discount rises to 15 percent. Multiple automobiles: a 15 percent discount for insuring more than one car with the same company. Low annual mileage: a 15 percent discount if you drive fewer than 7,500 miles per year. Automobile and homeownerʹs together: 5 to 15 percent off of both policies, if the policies are with the same company. Low ʺdamageabilityʺ: 10 to 30 percent off of collision and comprehensive premiums if the car is statistically less likely to result in an expensive claim because it is cheaper to repair or less appealing to thieves. Good student: Up to a 25 percent discount for unmarried drivers under 25 years old who rank in the top 20 percent of their class, have a B average, or are on the honor roll. Over 50: A 10 percent discount off of the usual adult rate if you are more than 50 years old. Defensive driving course: A 5 percent discount if you complete a defensive-driving course (which often only applies to drivers 55 years of age or older). Passive restraints: Up to a 40 percent discount on some coverage if you have air bags or automatic seatbelts. Antilock brakes also add a 5 percent discount. Non-commuter or carpooler: A 15 percent discount if you drive less than 30 miles to and from work each day. Antitheft devices: A 15 percent discount, depending on where you live and the type of device you employ. Diff: 3 Topic: Automobile Insurance Discounts AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 11.1 Before You Invest 1) As the owner of a corporate bond this means I hold an ownership position within that corporation. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) Real estate investments are more liquid than stocks most of the time. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Real Estate AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) Investing in bonds is generally less risky than investing in stocks. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) Stocks represent a legal obligation for the issuing company to pay dividends, whether the company has made a profit or not. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Stocks AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) Bonds are always a safe investment if held to maturity. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) To begin your savings plan it is a good idea to set aside your savings first and only spend what is left over. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Goals AACSB: Reflective Thinking 7) On the TV show ʺThe Big Bang Theoryʺ the main characters are frequently seen purchasing comic books. Purchasing rare comic books is an example of investing. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Speculation AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 306 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 8) An option gives you the right to buy or sell the underlying asset at a set price on or before the optionʹs maturity date. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Derivatives AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 9) Investing in assets such as collectable Barbie Dolls or Beanie Babies are both example of speculating. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Investment AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 10) Purchasing derivatives is a form of speculating. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Derivatives AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 11) Long-term capital gains have favorable tax treatment over earned income. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Capital Gains/Loss AACSB: Information Technology 12) A lending type investment, such as a corporate bond, represents a legal obligation for the issuer to pay its creditors back. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Lending AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 13) A typical bond will pay annual coupon payments until it matures, at which time it will surrender its par value to the owner of the bond. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14) If the corporation that issued a bond goes bankrupt, the bondholders are paid before stock holders are paid from any remaining assets of the corporation. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 307 15) A company that doesnʹt make a dividend payment is insolvent and may be forced into bankruptcy by the stockholders. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Stocks AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 16) The rate of return on an investment is calculated by dividing the capital gain or loss plus the cash flows by the initial investment amount. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking 17) Investing in bonds tends to be riskier financial strategy than investing in common stocks. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking 18) Which of the following investors will potentially receive dividends on their investments? A) Bondholders B) Stockholders C) Debt holders D) Derivative holders E) Both B and D are correct. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Dividends AACSB: Analytical Thinking 19) An investor owns stock from seven different companies, two rental houses, and three government bonds. Together these assets are considered to be the investorʹs A) collection. B) derivative holding. C) asset class. D) portfolio. E) none of the above. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Portfolio AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 308 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 20) The ________ date is the date at which the bond issuer must repay the loan or borrowed funds. A) premium B) ending C) completion D) maturity E) none of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Maturity Date AACSB: Information Technology 21) Suppose that you purchased a machine several years ago for your company. You recently sold the machine for more than you paid. This is an example of a A) capital carry-forward. B) non-taxable gain. C) capital gain. D) windfall. E) none of the above. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Capital Gains/Loss AACSB: Analytical Thinking 22) The ________ is the stated amount on the face of a bond, which the firm is to repay at the maturity date. A) historical value B) debt price C) par value D) relevant value E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Information Technology 23) The ________ rate is the interest to be paid annually on a bond as a percentage of its par value. A) base B) coupon interest C) face interest D) compound interest E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 309 24) You are considered to be engaging in ________ when you purchase an asset whose value depends solely on supply and demand. A) investing B) speculation C) hedging D) optioning E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Speculation AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 25) A security whose value is based solely on the value of other assets is called a ________ security. A) capital option B) hedging C) derivative D) alternative asset E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Derivatives AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 26) When you purchase an asset that generates a return, it is generally considered to be A) an investment. B) speculation. C) a windfall. D) an expected returner. E) none of the above. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Investment AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 27) If you bought a 20-year bond issued by the government, with a par value of $1,000 and an interest rate of 8%. At maturity you will be returned the principal of A) $80. B) $500. C) $800. D) $1,000. E) $1,600. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 310 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 28) As a young college graduate, your biggest investment ally is A) leverage. B) a windfall. C) tax-free investments. D) time. E) derivatives. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking 29) You can make investments on a ________ basis, which means that not only does your investment grow free of taxes, but the money you invest isnʹt taxed until you liquidate your investment. A) tax-eliminated B) progressive tax C) tax-deferred D) asset management Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 30) Long term capital gains are taxed at ________ percent. A) 8 B) 10 C) 15 D) 25 E) 40 Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Leverage AACSB: Analytical Thinking 31) Petrina was told by a successful friend to invest in stocks and income-producing real estate. Both of these are examples of ________ investments. A) ownership B) lending C) risk-free D) short-term E) liquid Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Ownership AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 32) If you purchase some shares of stock A) you may earn dividends. C) you may earn coupon interest. B) you will definitely earn dividends. D) you will definitely earn coupon interest. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Income Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 311 33) Jennifer has money invested in stocks. She earns a return on her investment, which is a portion of the companyʹs profits, called A) interest. B) a return. C) dividends. D) growth. E) retained earnings. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Dividends AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 34) What is an advantage to being a ʺpreferredʺ stock holder? A) Preferred stock holders always get to vote for the board of directors of the company. B) Preferred stock holders receive a better coupon interest rate. C) Preferred stock holders receive dividend payouts before common stock holders do. D) Preferred stock holders never pay commissions on their stock trades. E) There are no advantages to being a preferred stock holder. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Lending AACSB: Analytical Thinking 35) Hern MacTavish only invests in lending investments. If his financial advisor gave him the list below, which might Hern invest in? A) Saving accounts B) Stocks C) Income-producing real estate D) Bonds E) Both A and D Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Lending AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 36) Real estate investments can be income-producing investments. Which of these would be included as an income-producing real estate investment? A) An apartment complex B) A shopping mall C) Your personal home D) All of the above E) Only A and B above Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Real Estate AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 312 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 37) The difference between an investment and speculation is that an investment ________ while speculation depends solely on ________ to produce results. A) costs less; the economic conditions B) generates a return; supply and demand C) costs less; generating a return D) depends on supply and demand; economic conditions E) depends on supply and demand; generating a return Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Investment AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 38) Just as valuable as the tax break on capital gains income is the fact that you donʹt have to claim it and, therefore, you donʹt pay taxes on the asset until you A) have an equal match in personal income. B) sell it. C) retire. D) file your next yearsʹ taxes. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 39) Which of the following questions is relevant to setting investment goals? A) If I donʹt accomplish this goal, what are the consequences? B) Am I willing to make the financial sacrifices necessary to meet this goal? C) When do I need this money? D) How much money do I need to accomplish this goal? E) All of the above are relevant. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Goals AACSB: Reflective Thinking 40) An option gives its owner the right to buy or sell an asset. This asset is generally A) preferred stock. B) mutual funds. C) corporate bonds. D) common stock. E) None of the above are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 313 41) Lavon has his money invested into an asset that has averaged the following returns the last three years: +22%, -8%, +13%. Most likely what type of asset is he invested in? A) Corporate bonds B) Income producing real estate C) Gold coins D) Common stock Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Stocks AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 42) Latisha invested $1,000 in XYZ stock. Two years later she sold the stock for $1,200. During the time she owned the stock, she received a total of $80 in dividends. What was her total return on this investment? A) 8% B) 20% C) 23.33% D) 28% Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking 43) Tran purchased a house for a rental property for $100,000 five years ago. During the time he owned this rental, his net rental income was a total of $4,000. He just sold the property for $120,000. What was his average annual return on this investment? A) 4.0% B) 4.8% C) 20% D) 24% Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking 44) Juan purchased shares in ABC company for $5,000 three years ago. During these three years he received $600 in dividends. He just sold the stock for $4,300. What was his total return on this investment? A) –14% B) –2% C) 12% D) 14% Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking 45) Louis purchased $5,000 worth of stock three years ago and sold it today for $7,000. He received no dividends from this investment. Inflation averaged 4% during the three years he owned the stock. What was his annualized real rate of return on this investment? A) 4% B) 9.33% C) 13.33% D) 36% E) 40% Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 314 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 46) Paula bought a stock for $200 last year and sold it today for $150. If she earned a dividend of $100 while she held the stock her rate of return was A) –50%. B) –25%. C) 25%. D) 33.33%. E) 50%. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking 47) If the total rate of return is multiplied by 1/N, where N is the number of years for which the investment was held, the result is the A) serialized rate of return. B) annualized rate of return. C) tax-free rate of return. D) capitalized rate of return. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking 48) You purchased an investment for $1,000 on which you earned $120 investment last year. The inflation rate during that time was 3%. What was your real rate of return? A) 3% B) 9% C) 12% D) 15% E) None of the above Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 49) You recently purchased a stock for $50. It is now worth $75, and it paid a $15 dividend during the two years you held it. What is your annualized rate of return on this stock? A) 80% B) 40% C) 27% D) 25% Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking 50) You recently purchased a stock for $25. It is now worth $35, and it paid a $5 dividend during the time you held it. Your rate of return on this stock is closest to which of the following? A) 60% B) -20% C) 43% D) 40% Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 315 51) You recently purchased 100 shares of stock at $15 per share. The stock is now worth $20 per share, and it paid a $2 dividend during the time you held it. Your rate of return on this stock is closest to which of the following? A) -20% B) 33% C) 35% D) 47% Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking 52) You recently purchased a stock for $30. It is now worth $40, and it paid a $5 dividend during the time you held it. Your rate of return on this stock is closest to which of the following? A) 67% B) 50% C) 38% D) 33% E) 17% Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking 53) What are the four financial questions that help focus on investing goals? Answer: - If I do not accomplish this goal, what are the consequences? - Am I willing to make the financial sacrifices necessary to meet this goal? - How much money do I need to accomplish this goal? - When do I need this money? Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Goals AACSB: Reflective Thinking 54) A prerequisite to investing is to perform a financial reality check. Explain its 3 parts. Answer: Balance your budget. If you do not live within your means, you will never be able to save, invest, or achieve any of your financial goals. Put a safety net in place by carrying adequate insurance life, health, auto, homeownerʹs, liability to protect your assets and you against catastrophes. Maintain adequate emergency funds in a safe investment of 6 to 9 months of take-home pay. Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking 55) Why is speculating in derivatives, futures contracts and options not appropriate for the typical, long-term investor? Answer: These are highly speculative securities that are not appropriate for the typical investor using their important money to reach their long-term goals. These securities require sophisticated knowledge and research not typically found in the average investor. Because they derive their value from other assets, these securities do not generate a return unless the underlying assets behave in a certain manner. Diff: 3 Topic: Derivatives AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 316 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 56) Compare and contrast lending and ownership investments. Answer: You actually lend someone your money in a lending investment, such as a saving account or a bond. The original investment or principal does not grow in a lending investment. It returns interest annually and the original investment when retiring it. Note: Bonds appreciate or depreciate in value based on changes in interest rates. Investing in bonds can lead to capital gain (loss) much the same as equities if timed properly. An ownership investment, such as stocks or income-producing real estate, provides an annual return plus the potential for appreciation or growth in value of the original principal. Diff: 2 Topic: Investment AACSB: Analytical Thinking 57) What is the purpose of return on investment? Answer: The return on investment communicates several pieces of important information. First the potential return signals the risk associated with the investment. Principle 8: Risk and Return go hand in hand tells us that the higher the potential return, the more risk associated with the investment. Secondly, the return signals the opportunity cost of the investment. An investment with a potential return of 6% means that you would be giving up the opportunity to earn a higher or lower return on another investment option. You would need to analyze the risk associated with each return to determine if one was more appropriate than the other. Lastly, the potential return communicates how likely it will be for you to obtain your financial goals. A low return may signal an investment that is to conservative for you to reach your long term goals. A high return may signal that the investment is to risky and inappropriate for your needs. Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11.2 A Look at Risk-Return Trade-Offs 1) The nominal rate of interest that investors demand will increase with an increase in the expected rate of inflation. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Risk Premiums AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) The real rate of return is the nominal rate of return adjusted for inflation. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 3) If you are too conservative with your investments, they may not keep up with inflation. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 317 4) The real rate of return is the rate of return earned on an investment without any adjustment for inflation. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) When it comes to tax advantages, capital gains and dividend income are taxed at a lower rate than ordinary income. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) The higher your marginal tax bracket, the less attractive tax-free investments become. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 7) During times of rising inflation, investments with fixed returns like a bond or bank CD are attractive investments to own. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Inflation AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 8) The nominal rate of return is simply the real rate of return minus the inflation rate. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 9) If the nominal rate is 10% and inflation is 3%, the real rate of return is 7%. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 10) The real rate of return can never be a negative number. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 11) Interest rates are closely tied to the rate of inflation. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 318 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 12) Market risk deals with the inability to sell a security quickly at fair market value. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 13) Historically, U.S. government securities have been considered the safest, lowest-risk investment available. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 14) Some types of investments expose you to multiple sources of risk. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 15) Diversification eliminates all the risk from your portfolio. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Diversification AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 16) Market risk is the risk of fluctuations in security prices due to changes in the market interest rate. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 17) One of the most important types of risk associated with real estate is the liquidity risk. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 18) The risk associated with the use of debt by the firm is business risk. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 19) Particularly, during election years, investors should make themselves aware of the risk resulting from unanticipated changes in the tax or legal environment. This is classified as political and regulatory risk. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 319 20) Diversification lowers risk, but it also lowers the expected return. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Diversification AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 21) For the international investor, exchange rate risk is simply another layer of risk. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Rider AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 22) Systematic risk can be effectively managed through diversification. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 23) Diversification works in oneʹs portfolio because stock returns in oneʹs portfolio do not always move in the same direction; as a result, the upswings and downturns in oneʹs portfolio eliminate one another. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Diversification AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 24) An investor with a low propensity for risk would avoid investments with high risk premiums. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Risk Premiums AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 25) Unsystematic risk cannot be eliminated through diversification. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Risk Premiums AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 26) Call risk is the risk to bondholders that a bond may be called away from them before maturity. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 27) Risk capacity refers to the strength of your financial safety net. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 320 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 28) Your emergency fund should always be invested in illiquid assets. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Emergency Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 29) Suppose that you are beginning an investment plan. You have decided that you want to retire in 30 years with $1,000,000 in your bank account at that time. How much would you need to invest at the end each of the next 30 years if you could earn 8%? A) $11,924,613.33 B) $83,860.16 C) $46,030.93 D) $22,045.16 E) $8,827.43 Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 30) One should keep in mind that when it comes to tax advantages, ________ is/are better than ________. A) ordinary income; capital gains B) capital gains; ordinary income C) tax shelters; capital gains D) marginal rates; ordinary income Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Capital Gains/Loss AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 31) The nominal rate of return minus the inflation rate is called the A) stated rate of return. B) standard rate of return. C) real rate of return. D) Fisher effect. E) none of the above. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 32) Historical rates of return for the last 82 years place ________ at the highest end of the spectrum for risk and ________ at the lowest end for risk. A) common stocks; T-Bills B) common stocks; long-term government bonds C) common stocks; long-term corporate bonds D) long-term corporate bonds; long-term government bonds Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 321 33) The ________ rate of return earned on an investment is unadjusted for lost purchasing power. A) effective B) annual C) real D) nominal E) none of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 34) When market interest rates go up investors demand ________ returns on other types of investments and when market interest rates go down, the return investors demand on other types of investments ________. A) lower; goes down B) higher; goes down C) lower; goes up D) higher return; goes up Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Interest Rates AACSB: Information Technology 35) While studying the chapter on investments in Personal Finance, Becky Hargrith found out that the ________ is equal to the real rate of return plus the rate of inflation. A) adjusted rate B) long-term rate of return C) nominal interest rate D) real interest rate Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Interest Rates AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 36) Alice learned that the difference between the real rate of return and the nominal or quoted rate of return is that A) the real rate is adjusted for inflation. B) the real rate is not adjusted for inflation. C) the nominal rate is adjusted for inflation. D) none of the above. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 322 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 37) Principle #4, taxes affect personal finance decisions, tells us that several points hold true regardless of what we invest in. Jason found a point that was included on the list in error. Which of the following is it? A) The marginal tax rate is the rate you pay on the next dollar of earnings. B) Tax-free investments should be compared on a before-tax basis. C) You should consider tax-deferred investments. D) Capital gains are better than ordinary income when it comes to taxes. E) The higher your marginal tax bracket, the more attractive tax-free investments become. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Reflective Thinking 38) Lawrence Wright is slow in math. He has before him the equation of (ending value minus beginning value) and income return totalled, then divided by beginning value. This is used to find the A) rate of inflation. B) capital gain. C) capital loss D) rate of return. E) serialized rate of return. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 39) That portion of a stockʹs risk or variability that can be eliminated through investor diversification is called ________ risk. A) unsystematic B) systematic C) volatility D) inflation E) portfolio Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 40) That portion of a stockʹs risk or variability that cannot be eliminated through investor diversification is called ________ risk. A) unsystematic B) systematic C) unrealistic D) inflation E) volatility Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 323 41) You have just purchased a large number of Italian bonds, and you reside in the United States. The variability in earnings that you might experience as the relationship between the euro and the U.S. dollar fluctuates is called A) currency volatility risk. B) international risk. C) exchange rate risk. D) fluctuation risk. E) none of the above. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 42) Which of the following is not risk that can be diversified out of a portfolio of stocks? A) unsystematic B) systematic C) firm specific D) company-unique Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 43) Bruce Lee owns stocks, bonds, real estate, gold coins, T -Bills, and gemstones. He has a(n) A) equity portfolio. B) default-proof portfolio. C) inflation-proof portfolio. D) diverse portfolio. E) risk adverse portfolio. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Diversification AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 44) You are considering the purchase of a corporationʹs stock. You have noted that this particular corporation has a high use of debt, which is associated with ________ risk. A) business B) financial C) corporate D) market E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Risk AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 324 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 45) Changes in the capital gains tax rate, or in the tax deductibility on municipal bonds are examples of ________ risk. A) inflation B) political and regulatory C) interest rate D) exchange rate risk E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 46) Barney Hopkins is the financial manager for Amax Corporation. He knows that ________ risk deals with good or bad management decisions and ________ is associated with his companyʹs use of debt. A) market; business B) market; financial C) business; interest rate D) business; financial E) financial; business Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 47) Many people never consider or think of the sources of risk that affect their investments. Which of the following is a risk associated with investing? A) Interest rate risk B) Inflation risk C) Business risk D) Financial risk E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 48) ________ risk is simply the variability in the returns of an investment that is due to events that are unrelated to the overall market. A) Systematic B) Unsystematic C) Non-diversifiable D) Portfolio Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Risk Premiums AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 325 49) The risk that you will not be able to find a buyer at a fair market price, and will wind up having to sell for less than an assetʹs worth is called ________ risk. A) inflation B) interest C) liquidity D) call Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 50) Alice just inherited an antique wood burning stove. While she appreciates the sentimental value of the stove she is concerned that an investment such as this might not be able to be converted into cash quickly at a fair market price. Alice is worried about ________ on this as an investment. A) liquidity risk B) cash conversion C) maturity risk D) default risk E) none of the above Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Risk Premiums AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 51) You own a bond issued by BMW, a German company. What kind of risk are you exposed to? A) Inflation risk B) Interest rate risk C) Exchange rate risk D) All of the above are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 52) What type of investment would have a high risk premium associated with political and regulatory risk? A) A drug company B) A casino company C) A tobacco company D) All of the above are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Risk Premiums AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 53) Which of the following would have liquidity risk associated with it? A) A rare comic book B) A house C) A stamp collection D) All of the above are correct. E) All but A are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 326 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 54) Albert just purchased a $1,000, 5.4%, 10-year bond when he heard about his friend Charlie who just bought a similar bond at $1,000; 9.5%, 10 -year bond. What kind of risk did Albert just experience? A) Interest rate B) Market C) Financial D) Business Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 55) Recently an oil rig in the Gulf of Texas blew up causing the value of your stock in the company who owns the oil rig to fall. What type of risk does this represent? A) Diversifiable risk B) Systematic risk C) Political and regulatory risk D) Both B and C Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 56) As the number of stocks in your portfolio increases A) the variability in your portfolio increases. B) the systematic risk in your portfolio increases. C) the unsystematic risk in your portfolio increases. D) none of the above. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 57) What are the benefits of a well-diversified portfolio? A) It protects you from systematic risk. B) It protects you from firm specific risk. C) It protects you from company-unique risk. D) All of the above are correct. E) All but A are correct. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 58) Examples of political and regulatory risk include A) changes in the tax deductibility of interest on municipal bonds. B) changes in the capital gains tax rate. C) changes in the exchange rates. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and B are correct. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 327 59) Hostess and Kodak recently filed for bankruptcy protection in an attempt to restructure their debts. One could assume that both of these companies experienced too much ________ risk. B) interest rate C) financial D) liquidity A) business Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 60) During the economic downturn that occurred between the fall of 2007 and spring of 2009, stocks declined in price. This period is known as a(n) A) hare market. B) tortoise market. D) bear market. C) bull market. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Risk AACSB: Reflective Thinking 61) Principle #2: the time value of money tells us that time is our greatest ally. This being so, the most important and most difficult step is making the commitment to get started. Tell how to find the money and get started with Principle #15: just do it. Answer: Pay yourself first instead of last; that is, before spending for bills and lifeʹs necessities. Making an automatic deposit directly from your paycheck or checking account makes it less painful because you do not see this money first. Take advantage of your employerʹs matching funds retirement plans and the governmentʹs tax reductions, such as IRAs. Use windfalls for investing instead of spending them. If you are having trouble getting started, pick two months per year to cut back on spending and make those your investing months. Diff: 2 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Reflective Thinking 62) Provide an explanation of the four points of making a comparison of investing returns on an after-tax basis. Answer: The tax rate we should be concerned with is the marginal tax rate, because it is the rate we pay on the next dollar of earnings. Check out tax -free investments, which become more attractive as your marginal tax bracket increases. Investigate investments made on a tax-deferred basis, which means the investment grows free of taxes until you liquidate the investment. Diff: 1 Topic: Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 328 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 63) How do interest rates affect returns on other investments? Answer: The expected returns on all investments are related. What you earn on one investment determines what you demand on another. When interest rates go up, investors demand a higher return on all other investments, and when interest rates go down, the return investors demand on other investments goes down. In effect, all the different investments compete for your investment dollars, and when interest rates go up, the other investments have to match that increase. Diff: 2 Topic: Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 64) The nominal return on an investment is an illusion. Explain. Answer: An illusion is something that is different than what it appears to be. The nominal return is an illusion because it inflates the nominal or face value of your money possibly without actually increasing your purchasing power of your money. The real return adjusts for the impact of inflation on your ability to purchased goods and services. The key to investing is to increase your standard of living to allow you to maintain or increase the quantity of goods and services that you desire. Negative real returns that do not exceed the rate of inflation means that your purchasing power has diminished, lowering your standard of living. Over the long term, this can seriously interfere with your retirement plans. Young people need to be very aware of the impact of inflation and not to be too conservative with their longer term investments. Diff: 2 Topic: Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 65) Clarify the difference between systematic and unsystematic risk. Answer: Systematic risk is that portion of a securityʹs risk or variability that cannot be eliminated through investor diversification, in other words, that is part of the entire market system. (This explanation might help student remember what is ʺsystematic.ʺ). This type of variability or risk results from factors that affect all securities. Unsystematic risk is the risk or variability that can be eliminated through investor diversification. Unsystematic risk results from factors that are unique to a particular firm. Diff: 2 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 66) How does the principle of diversification work? Answer: Diversification eliminates risk by investing in different assets instead of one. It works by allowing the extreme good and bad returns to cancel each other out. The result is that total variability or risk is reduced without affecting expected return. Diff: 2 Topic: Diversification AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 329 67) Describe the sources of risk in the risk-return trade off. Answer: The interest rate risk is the risk of fluctuations in security prices due to changes in the market interest rate. Inflation risk reflects the likelihood that rising prices will eat away the purchasing power of your money, and that changes in the anticipated level of inflation will result in interest rate changes, which will in turn cause security price fluctuations. The business risk deals with fluctuations in investment value that are caused by good or bad management decisions, or how well or poorly the firmʹs products are doing in the marketplace. Financial risk is associated with the use of debt by the firm. How a firm raises and uses its money affects its level of risk. Liquidity risk deals with the inability to liquidate, or convert into cash, quickly a security at a fair market price. Market risk is risk associated with the overall market movements - upward and downward. Political and regulatory risk comes from laws imposed by state and national governments that affect investment values. The exchange rate risk refers to the variability in earnings resulting from changes in exchange rates among countries. Call risk is the risk to bondholders that a bond may be called away from them before maturity, resulting in a loss of income or market value. All of these types of risk make up the risk found in the risk-return trade off. Diff: 2 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 68) Rank the historical rates of return of the common investments discussed in this chapter from highest to lowest. Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. Common stocks Long-term corporate bonds Long-term government bonds Treasury bills Diff: 1 Topic: Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 69) What makes up the interest rate risk? Answer: The inflation risk premium is the rate in addition to the real rate of return that investors demand to compensate for anticipated inflation over the life of a security. Interest rate risk also includes the default risk premium or an additional investment return to compensate investors for taking on the risk that the issuer may not pay the interest or principal on a security. A third factor is the maturity risk premium, which is an additional return demanded by investors in longer-term securities to compensate for the fact that the value of securities with longer maturities tends to fluctuate more when interest rates change. The liquidity risk premium reflects the risk that some bonds cannot be converted into cash quickly at a fair market price. Diff: 2 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 330 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 70) Why do investors sometimes demand risk premiums when investing? Answer: The typical investor is risk averse which means they donʹt like to take risks with their important money like retirement savings. The problem is that conservative, low risk investments typically do not provide a high enough real return to allow these risk averse investors to reach their goals. In order to motivate these investors to assume a higher level of risk, then there must be a higher potential return available. The various risk premiums increase the potential nominal returns providing motivation for investors to assume higher risks. Without these risk premiums no one would be willing to assume the risks inherent with entrepreneurial activities severely limiting access to financial capital needed for business investment. Diff: 3 Topic: Risk Premiums AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 71) Explain the concept of liquidity relating to personal financial planning. Answer: Part of the risk-return tradeoff is the concept of liquidity. With our emergency fund, we canʹt afford the risk of having our money tied up in an illiquid investment in case we experience an emergency. Since we need to have quick access to our funds, we must accept the lower returns associated with liquid assets. Unfortunately these liquid investments offer low returns because they donʹt include the liquidity risk premium. With our longer term monies outside of our emergency fund, we can afford to give up liquidity for the extra returns. It may take us months or more to be able to liquidate the investments but since we most likely donʹt need the money in a hurry, we generally have choices. The main purpose of the emergency fund is to protect us from having to liquidate other investments, possibly at an unfavorable price or terms. Diff: 3 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 11.3 The Time Dimension of Investing and Asset Allocation 1) As the length of your investment horizon increases, you can assume greater risks with your investing. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Time Dimension of Investing AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) Liquidity risk is a very important part of the time dimension of investing. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Time Dimension of Investing AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 3) A young investor who is averse to risk should invest their money in government bonds. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Asset Allocation AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 331 4) A typical young investor should have most of their retirement money allocated in common stocks. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Asset Allocation AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) Because Nancy is extremely risk averse she is less likely to receive a solid rate of return on her investment portfolio than Babby who is more accepting of a risky portfolio. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Time Dimension of Investing AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) A 60-year-old investor should not be too concerned about liquidity and market risk in their retirement portfolio. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Time Dimension of Investing AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 7) Typically, the closer you get to retirement, the smaller the proportion of your retirement funds that should be invested in common stocks. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Time Dimension of Investing AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 8) The concept of asset allocation has nothing to do with the time dimension of investing. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Asset Allocation AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 9) A catastrophic loss is less critical to an older investor than it is to a younger investor since younger investors typically have less money to lose. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Time Dimension of Investing AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 10) Asset allocation and diversification are not related concepts. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Asset Allocation AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 332 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 11) Which of the following statements is not true of asset allocation? A) Investments are spread across several different investment classes. B) Investments reflect the investorʹs specific time horizon. C) Allocation may be made in domestic stocks and bonds. D) Allocation may be made in international stocks and bonds. E) All of the above statements are true. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Asset Allocation AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 12) Asset allocation has to do with how your money should be divided among which of the following? A) Stocks B) Corporate bonds C) Government bonds D) Real estate E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Asset Allocation AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 13) For individuals in their golden years who are approaching retirement, a mix of ________ percent common stocks and ________ percent bonds is a relatively common recommendation from financial planners. A) 20, 80 B) 80, 20 C) 40, 60 D) 60, 40 E) none of the above Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Stocks AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 14) Investing prior to age 54 is a time of ________ by investing the majority of oneʹs savings into ________. A) wealth preservation; conservative funds B) wealth preservation; preferred stocks C) wealth accumulation; common stocks D) wealth accumulation; bonds E) wealth dispersal; common and preferred stocks Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Asset Allocation AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 333 15) As a young college graduate, your biggest investment ally is A) leverage. B) the amount of investment. C) tax-free investments. D) time. E) the class of investments. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Investment AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 16) Cretia Robritti discovered that the purpose of asset allocation is to ensure that the investor is ________, generally with holdings in several different ________ of investments. A) protected; denominations B) well diversified; amounts C) well diversified; classes D) evenly distributed; classes E) evenly distributed; amounts Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Asset Allocation AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 17) Principle 8, Risk and Return go hand in hand, tells us that you ________ as the length of the investment horizon ________. A) can afford to take on additional risk; increases B) can afford to take on additional risk; decreases C) cannot afford not to take on additional risk; shortens D) cannot afford to take on additional risk; increases Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 18) Why should a younger investor, saving for the long term, have most of their money in common stocks? A) Over time, common stocks generate the largest average returns. B) Investors with lots of time ahead of them have the opportunity to recover from a serious investment set-back. C) They require the least amount of knowledge, research and expense. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and B are correct. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Asset Allocation AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 334 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 19) Why should investors with a short investment horizon invest less money in common stocks? A) Because the stock market is very volatile and a catastrophic market event can happen at any time. B) Because the investors wonʹt have enough time available to effectively recover from a loss of their investment principle. C) Because the transaction costs will negatively affect their returns in the short-term. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and B are correct. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Time Dimension of Investing AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 20) What does an effective asset allocation strategy provide to an investor? A) An effective diversification strategy B) An opportunity to maximize their returns based on appropriate risk. C) An opportunity to minimize their losses based on appropriate risk. D) All of the above are correct E) All but A are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Asset Allocation AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 21) Is it possible to both accumulate wealth and preserve wealth with the same asset allocation strategy? A) Yes, a well-constructed portfolio can achieve both goals effectively. B) No, there are conflicting risks that are contrary to achieving both goals with the same asset classes. C) Yes, a diversified bond portfolio is appropriate for all investors. D) No, a diversified stock portfolio is too risky for the typical young investor. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Asset Allocation AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 22) Which of the following statements regarding risk in investing is most correct? A) Avoiding risk is the best strategy to accumulate wealth. B) It is most important to avoid risk during the early years, up to age 54. C) It is hard to achieve a positive real return by avoiding risk all together. D) Trying to avoid risk is an exercise in futility. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 335 23) Provide an explanation for the concept of asset allocation in investing and differentiate between the 3 stages. Answer: Asset allocation attempts to ensure that the investor is well diversified, generally with holdings in several different classes of investments, with the objective being to increase your return on those investments while decreasing your risk. The idea of the time dimension of risk is taken into account by recognizing that common stocks are much less risky over a longer time horizon. Stage 1 is a time of wealth accumulation through age 54. Because the time horizon is long, investments with higher returns and risks should be sought, especially common stocks, to grow into large sums by retirement. Stage 2 consists of the golden years approaching retirement, ages 55 to 64. Here the goal becomes preserving the level of wealth that has already been accumulated and to allow this wealth to continue to grow. Move some of the portfolio, up to 40%, from common stocks into bonds. Stage 3 is the retirement years over age 65 when you are no longer saving, you are spending. Income is now of paramount importance. Allow for some growth in savings simply to keep inflation from devouring your accumulation. Diff: 2 Topic: Asset Allocation AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 24) How does the time dimension of investing relate to the concept of liquidity? Answer: Liquidity concerns the ability to liquidate an asset for a fair market price in a reasonable amount of time. The time dimension of investing means that having sufficient time available until you need your funds allows you invest in less liquid assets that generally have a higher return. The stock market is very volatile and it is common for there to be severe market downturns from time to time. To someone who needs their money now, they would not want to have to liquidate while the market value of their stocks has plummeted, causing them a serious financial loss. Historically, the markets will recover and investors who were not forced to liquidate at the lower market values will recover most if not all of their capital. For a younger investor, a severe market downturn represents a tremendous buying opportunity since many good stocks are ʹon saleʹ. To an older investor who is not properly diversified, a severe market downturn could seriously interrupt their retirement goals causing financial stress and anxiety. Diff: 3 Topic: Asset Allocation AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 11.4 What You Should Know About Efficient Markets 1) It is very tough to consistently beat the market. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Efficient Market AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 336 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 2) On average, just by chance, half of the stock marketʹs investors will outperform the market and half will underperform the market. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Efficient Market AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 3) The more efficient the market, the faster prices react to new information. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Efficient Market AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) Under the risk aversion effect, investors who lose money are more reluctant to take risks. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Efficient Market AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) The herd behavior effect involves the emotions of fearing regret and seeking pride, resulting in selling winners too soon and keeping losers too long. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Efficient Market AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) If you earned a negative 5% return on your investments while the overall stock market was down 9% then you have outperformed the market. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Efficient Market AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 7) An efficient market is one in which all relevant information about the stock is reflected in the stock price. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Efficient Market AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 8) In trying to ʺtime the marketʺ investors are just as likely to miss out on upswings in the market as well as avoid down turns. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Efficient Market AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 337 9) Because itʹs difficult to beat the market, make sure you donʹt give away too much of your return in the way of commissions. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Efficient Market AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 10) When a stock price reflects all relevant information about the stock, the market is said to be A) efficient. B) fractioned. C) smooth. D) flat. E) none of the above. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Efficient Market AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 11) The disposition effect involves A) holding onto winners too long. C) both A and B. B) selling losers too soon. D) neither A nor B. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Efficient Market AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 12) Our study of efficient markets tells us all of the following about investing except A) do not try to time the market stay with your plan. B) long-term investing is your best bet, not systems. C) go with the best investment advisor money can buy. D) focus on effective asset allocation. E) diversify and seek help if you donʹt feel comfortable. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Efficient Market AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 13) Anthony Hopkins wants to start investing and desires to consistently beat the market. What will you tell him? A) It can be done regularly by a skilled investor. B) It is very tough to do so. C) Half the time you should outperform the market. D) Half the time you should underperform the market. E) All of the above except A Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Efficient Market AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 338 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 14) Greg spent the weekend in Las Vegas. He started out with $10,000 and won an additional $5000. Greg was very risky with how he gambled with the $5000 he had won. Greg was exhibiting the ________ effect. A) disposition B) house money C) loss then risk aversion D) Las Vegas E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Efficient Market AACSB: Ethical Understanding and Reasoning 15) Herd behavior A) is a kind of self-fulfilling behavior. B) involves emotions of fearing regret and seeking pride. C) is exemplified when investors take higher risks with profits than they would normally take. D) all of the above. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Efficient Market AACSB: Ethical Understanding and Reasoning 16) Tell how your understanding of efficient markets helps with investing. Answer: My understanding tells me several things worth knowing, which include: - There is no foolproof system for beating the market; invest for the long -term. - Do not try to time the market to take advantage; stay with your plan. - Focus on the asset allocation process based on your age in the financial life cycle. - Keep down the commissions that are paid to brokers and professionals. - Diversify and seek help if you do not feel comfortable. Diff: 2 Topic: Efficient Market AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 17) What is an efficient market and can you beat the market? Answer: An efficient market is a market in which all relevant information about stocks is reflected in the stock price. The market is efficient in degrees. There are at times undervalued securities and some people are able to take advantage of them while others lose. It is very tough to consistently beat the market. On average, half the time you should expect to outperform the market, and half the time underperform it. The bottom line here is that you should keep to your plan and invest for the long term. If we try to time the market, we are just as likely to miss an upswing as we are to avoid a downswing. Diff: 2 Topic: Efficient Market AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 339 11.5 Security Markets 1) An individual selling previously issued shares to another individual is a transaction that would be traded in the primary market. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Primary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) The Securities Act of 1934 created the SEC to enforce trading laws. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Regulation of Securities Market AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 3) American Depository Receipts are receipts given by American banks for deposits in foreign countries. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: International Markets AACSB: Information Technology 4) Stocks of most larger companies trade on the American Stock Exchange, while the stocks of most smaller companies trade on the New York Stock Exchange. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) The New York Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange are considered regional stock exchanges. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) An over-the-counter market has a physical location where trading occurs. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 7) An initial public offering is the first time the companyʹs stock is traded publicly. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Primary Markets AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 340 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 8) Seasoned new issues are stock offerings by companies that already have common stock traded in the marketplace. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Primary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 9) An IPO is the sale of previously issued shares to the general public. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Initial Public Offering AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 10) A primary market is a market in which new, as opposed to previously issued, securities are traded. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Primary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 11) A sale of a security in the primary markets is the only time the issuing company receives the proceeds from the sale. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Primary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 12) Firms raise outside financial capital through the sale of stocks in the secondary markets. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 13) Stocks are initially sold in the primary markets with the help of an investment banker serving as the underwriter. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Primary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 14) A prospectus is an advertisement placed in a newspaper or magazine that provides a listing of the underwriting syndicate involved in the new offering, in addition to basic information on the offering. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Primary Markets AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 341 15) An ask on offer price is one at which an individual is willing to sell a security. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Information Technology 16) In the over-the-counter market, the individual investor must be physically present to purchase the security over-the-counter. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 17) Any company can have its securities listed on the NYSE. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 18) The price at which an individual investor is willing to buy a security is the bid price. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 19) When an individual investor sells their shares on the OTC, the price at which they are willing to sell is called the bid price. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 20) The OTC market is a link-up of dealers, with stringent listing and membership requirements. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 21) The NASDAQ is the largest electronic stock exchange. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Information Technology 22) Churning occurs when a broker engages in excessive trading in a clientʹs security account to generate more commissions for the broker. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Regulation of Securities Market AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 342 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 23) A circuit breaker protects individual investors from losing money on their investments. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Regulation of Securities Market AACSB: Information Technology 24) An individual investor should look for a stock broker who will churn their accounts for them. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Regulation of Securities Market AACSB: Information Technology 25) Although some bonds are traded on the NYSE, most of the buying and selling of bonds doesnʹt occur on organized exchanges. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 26) You have just purchased shares of stock from a stockbroker. These shares were previously traded on the NYSE. This trade took place in the A) primary market. B) secondary market. C) tertiary market. D) quaternary market. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 27) You just concluded a stock purchase transaction via a computer hookup rather than in an organized exchange. This trade took place in the A) over-the-counter market. B) NYSE. C) AMEX. D) primary market. E) none of the above. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 343 28) IBM went to a(n) ________ who served as a(n) ________ to sell an IPO in the primary markets. A) underwriter; investment broker B) underwriter; investment banker C) investment broker; underwriter D) investment banker; underwriter E) investment banker; underachiever Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Primary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 29) A(n) ________ is a legal document that describes a securities issue and is made available to potential investors. A) disclosure statement B) offering contract C) prospectus D) tombstone E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Regulation of Securities Market AACSB: Information Technology 30) A(n) ________ advertisement provides a listing of the underwriting syndicate involved in a new offering. A) prospectus B) underwriting notification C) brokerage notification D) tombstone E) none of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Regulation of Securities Market AACSB: Information Technology 31) IBM is considering hiring an investment banker who will purchase and subsequently resell an issue of stock for them. This service is called A) stock brokerage. B) full-service brokerage. C) underwriting. D) churning. E) none of the above. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Initial Public Offering AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 344 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 32) ABC Corporation is selling additional shares of common stock. Although ABC Corporation has already sold shares of stock in the public equity markets, these are new shares of stock, and have never been sold or traded previously. This is called a(n) A) initial public offering. B) seasoned new issue. C) secondary issue. D) blue chip issue. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Primary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 33) ABC Corporation is selling additional shares of common stock. These are new shares of stock, and have never been sold or traded previously. The selling of these shares would take place in the ________ market. A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary E) none of the above Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Primary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 34) Securities that are less frequently traded, along with many new and high-tech stocks, are relegated to the A) NYSE. B) AMEX. C) ADR market. D) OTC market. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 35) Most of the bonds that are bought and sold are not transacted on the organized exchanges. They are bought and sold through bond dealers who do not sell many ________ bonds but do trade many ________ bonds in the secondary market. A) corporate; government B) government; corporate C) high par value; corporate D) government; low par value E) corporate; firm-specific bonds Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Securities AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 345 36) You have just recently started your investment activities for retirement. You were happy to learn from your broker that your investorʹs account balance would be insured for up to $500,000 through the ________ in the event their brokerage firm goes bankrupt. A) FDIC B) FSLIC C) NCUA D) SIPC E) FTC Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Information Technology 37) The two major organized stock exchanges in the Unites States are the ________ and the ________. A) AMEX; Chicago B) NYSE; AMEX C) NYSE; Chicago D) NYSE; Pacific E) AMEX; Pacific Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 38) You and your spouse have decided to incorporate bonds into your newly-formed retirement portfolio. You will most likely purchase them A) directly from a bond dealer. B) with your broker acting as intermediary. C) directly from the issuing institution. D) with an underwriter acting as intermediary. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Securities AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 39) The difference between an organized exchange and an over -the-counter market is that the transactions that occur on an organized exchange ________ and the over -the-counter transactions ________. A) are initial offerings; are seasoned issues B) are seasoned issues; are initial offerings C) take place in a physical building; are conducted over the phone or via a computer D) are conducted over the phone or via a computer; take place in a physical building E) are initial offerings; are conducted over the phone Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 346 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 40) Patti DeVry has been trading stocks in the over-the-counter market. When she wants to sell her stocks she will specify the ________ price and when she wants to purchase stocks she will specify the ________ price. A) ask on offer; bid B) bid; ask on offer C) starting; minimum D) ask; minimum E) bid; minimum Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Bid/Ask Price AACSB: Information Technology 41) General Electric is the only stock originally listed and still remaining on the ʺBig Board.ʺ This means that its stock is traded on the A) NASDAQ. B) NYSE. C) Regional. D) AMEX. E) International. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Information Technology 42) Acting upon assumed good advice, your brother buys stock in I-Link, an upcoming communications firm. Since this is the first time I-Link is trading its stock, your brother will be involved in a(n) A) secondary market transaction. B) initial public offering. C) seasoned new issue. D) tombstone purchase. E) buy low transaction. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Initial Public Offering AACSB: Information Technology 43) Gracie Johnson saw the securities announcement for New York Bagel Enterprises that provided the details of the offering and a listing of the underwriting syndicate. She saw the A) tombstone advertisement. B) prospectus. C) initial post. D) exchange advertisement. E) underwriterʹs issue. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Regulation of Securities Market AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 347 44) The two types of securities offerings in the primary markets are ________ and ________. A) seasoned new issues; long-term bonds B) long-term bonds; government bills and notes C) initial public offerings; seasoned new issues D) seasoned new issues; penny stocks E) initial public offerings; seasoned old issues Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Primary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 45) All of the following are true about the American Stock Exchange except A) it is the second most important of the organized exchanges. B) it is one of the secondary markets. C) its trading volume is a small fraction of that of the NYSE. D) its dollar volume is larger than all the regional exchanges. E) it ranks as number two in terms of the number of companies it lists. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 46) Jeffery is an underwriter and sells shares on the ________ market for his job. However, in his personal investment life, he will purchase his stocks through the ________ market. A) primary, secondary B) secondary, primary C) primary, bond D) open, closed E) none of the above Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 47) Jordan has a few thousand dollars to invest. He wants to find newly issued stock of a fast growing new company. He will contact an underwriter and attempt to purchase the shares in the ________ market. A) secondary B) New York Stock Exchange C) primary D) NASDAQ E) commodity Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Primary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 348 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 48) Securities are generally sold in the primary markets with the help of a(n) ________ serving as a(n) ________. A) individual investor; underwriter B) corporation; investment banker C) regulatory commission; individual investor D) underwriter; regulatory commission E) investment banker; underwriter Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Securities AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 49) Securities include both ________ and ________. A) stocks; mutual funds B) bonds; mutual funds C) real estate; stocks D) stocks; bonds E) bonds; money market funds Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Securities AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 50) Much of the day-to-day regulation of the market is left to the securities industry and is performed by the exchanges and the A) SRC. B) FDIC. C) OTC. D) SIPC. E) FINRA. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Regulation of Securities Market AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 51) A(n) ________ is a marketable document (a receipt) that certifies a bank holds shares of a foreign firmʹs stock that backs the receipt. A) FINRA B) MDR C) FFS D) ADR Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 349 52) The Insider Trading Sanctions Act of 1984 and the Insider Trading and Securities Fraud Enforcement Act of 1988 made it illegal to trade while in the possession of inside information, or ʺmaterialʺ non-public information held by A) officers. B) directors. C) major stockholders. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and B are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Regulation of Securities Market AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 53) What is the purpose of a circuit breaker for the market? A) It prevents the market from declining in value. B) It prevents investors from losing money in the market. C) It temporarily stops computerized trading to allow investors to analyze the extraordinary market swings. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and B are correct. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Regulation of Securities Market AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 54) Differentiate between primary and secondary security markets. Answer: A primary market is one in which newly issued, as opposed to previously issued, securities are sold (or offered). They come in one of two types: initial public offerings and seasoned new issues. IPO means it is the first time the company has offered its stock to the public for sale. Seasoned new offerings are made by companies that already have common stock being traded. Diff: 1 Topic: Primary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 55) Name the major organizations regulating the stock market and tell why they came about. Answer: A federal agency, called The Securities and Exchange Commission, provides general regulation of the markets. The National Association of Security Dealers regulates the OTC market. The exchanges themselves are engaged in much self-regulation. Regulation came about because of the great stock market crash of 1929 and because of fraudulent information. The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is the cornerstone of the major acts to regulate hinge on disclosing adequate relevant information relating to the offering of securities to make intelligent choices. Acts to regulate insider trading and market abuses have been enacted more recently. Diff: 2 Topic: Regulation of Securities Market AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 350 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 56) Which organization would handle frequently traded OTC stock, bonds, and foreign stock? Answer: The over the counter market handles frequently traded stock in secondary markets. Bonds, in the secondary market, are traded by bond dealers who buy and sell bonds out of their own holdings. Over 300 foreign companiesʹ stock is sold on the NYSE, AMEX, and NASDAQ. Many others can be traded (purchased and sold) through American Depository Receipts. [Of course, ADRs are traded on NYSE, Amex, Nasdaq.] Diff: 2 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 57) Compare and contrast organized exchanges and OTC markets. List the nine major U.S. stock exchanges in the secondary market. Answer: An organized exchange occupies a physical location (building) where trading occurs. Over-the-counter transactions do not require you to go to a physical site. They are handled over the phone or via a computer hookup. The nine major organized exchanges are: 1. NYSE 2. AMEX 3. Pacific 4. Chicago 5. Philadelphia 6. Cincinnati 7. Intermountain 8. Spokane 9. Boston Diff: 2 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 58) Explain the bid and ask price system when trading in stocks. Answer: The OTC market is a network of broker dealers who actually buy and sell various securities themselves. Since it is not an ʹauctionʹ like the organized markets are where supply and demand determine the market price, the dealers need to communicate to investors what price they are willing to trade the securities at. The bid price is what the Dealer is willing to bid to purchase a share of stock from an investor wishing to sell their stock. They publish the bid price so that someone wishing to sell their stock can determine if they are willing to sell to the Dealer at the bid price. The asking price is the price that the Dealer is asking for the shares that they own. They publish this price so that potential purchasers know what price they will have to pay in order to purchase the stock from the Dealerʹs inventory. Diff: 2 Topic: Secondary Markets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 351 11.6 How Securities Are Traded 1) Specialists maintain a fair and orderly market by buying and selling stock from their inventory to keep the market from fluctuating more than it would otherwise. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Specialists AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) A discount broker executes trades but does not provide much advice. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Brokers AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 3) Reggie believed that the price of his stock was going to drop in the near future his strategy was to short sell that stock to make a profit. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Short Selling AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) A market order is an order to buy or sell a set number of securities immediately at the best price available. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Purchasing Stocks AACSB: Information Technology 5) Placing a market order exposes the buyer to more risk than placing a limit order. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Purchasing Stocks AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) Reesa is purchasing stock through the NYSE and the AMEX, as a result she will need to have a different broker to purchase stocks listed on each of these different exchanges. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Brokers AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 7) Stock can only be purchased in round lots. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Purchasing Stocks AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 352 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 8) The share price is always less with a round lot than with an odd lot purchase. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Purchasing Stocks AACSB: Information Technology 9) A limit order specifies a securities trade is to be made only at a certain price or better. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Types of Orders AACSB: Information Technology 10) When placing a market order to purchase shares of stock, you will be required to make the order good-till-canceled. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Types of Orders AACSB: Information Technology 11) A GTC order remains effective until filled or cancelled. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Types of Orders AACSB: Information Technology 12) When purchasing stock short, you must put up some collateral. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Short Selling AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 13) The collateral an investor must put up when conducting a short sale is known as a margin requirement. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Short Selling AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 14) With short selling you are hoping for the stock price to fall. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Short Selling AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 15) Full service brokers are legally obligated to analyze the recommendations they receive from analysts. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Brokers AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 353 16) Merrill Lynch, Edward Jones and Morgan Stanley Smith Barney are all full service brokers. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Brokers AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 17) A full service broker will always get you a lower share price on your purchases of stock. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Brokers AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 18) Discount brokers are so named because they are able to get you discounts on the market price of stocks. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Brokers AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 19) A margin call requires you to replenish the margin account by adding additional cash or securities to bring the account back up to the minimum. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Securities Trading Accounts AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 20) If you purchases securities jointly with another person, how the account is registered is not very important. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Joint Accounts AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 21) For most typical married couples, joint tenancy with the right of survivorship is not an appropriate form of account ownership. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Joint Accounts AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 22) A day trader is an individual who trades with a very long-term investment horizon. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Day Traders AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 354 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 23) A day trader typically sits at a computer and looks for stocks that are moving up or down in value. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Day Traders AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 24) When trading there are ʺround tripʺ costs in that you will pay costs when you buy securities and when you sell securities. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Day Traders AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 25) Day trading is considered to be a safe, conservative investment practice. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Day Traders AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 26) Day trading has been called A) ʺa trading method for transferring wealth from unsophisticated investors to sophisticated investors.ʺ B) ʺa trading method for transferring wealth from sophisticated investors to unsophisticated investors.ʺ C) ʺthe safest, most conservative trading method.ʺ D) ʺthe long-term investorsʹ preferred trading method.ʺ Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Day Traders AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 27) You have decided to give your stockbroker the power to make trades in the market on your behalf, without notifying you of the trades prior to execution. This is an example of A) a power agreement. B) a discretionary account. C) an independent account. D) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Securities Trading Accounts AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 28) You believe that the stock of MoabBikes will soon fall from its current price of $25 per share. You short 1,000 shares with your broker who has a 50% margin requirement. The price falls to $15 per share, but not before it pays a $5 dividend per share. Your commissions and other charges totaled $50. What was your total profit? A) $5 B) $2,450 C) $2,500 D) $4,950 E) $9,950 Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Short Selling AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 355 29) Should the average investor consider using short selling techniques? Why or why not? Answer: Given the fact that the long-term trend of the stock market is upward, selling short is very risky and is not something you should become involved in. You can lose a bundle because you may get caught selling low and later buying high. Diff: 2 Topic: Short Selling AACSB: Analytical Thinking 30) In addition to your own investment, you borrowed money from your broker to purchase shares of a stock. Your broker called to tell you that the price of your stock has fallen and you now need to contribute more of your own money to keep the account at the minimum level. This is termed a(n) A) account validation. B) margin call. C) minimum validation. D) stop-loss order. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Securities Trading Accounts AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 31) Investors who trade with a very short time horizon, generally holding onto stocks for only a few hours, are called A) day traders. B) movement traders. C) hedge traders. D) deep discount traders. E) none of the above. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Day Traders AACSB: Analytical Thinking 32) You have decided to borrow stock from your broker, sell it in the market, and then (you hope) replace the borrowed shares when the price drops in the future. This is an example of A) borrowed selling. B) selling short. C) reverse hedging. D) IOU trading. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Short Selling AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 356 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 33) A ________ is an order to sell a security if the price drops below a specified level or to buy if the price climbs above a specified level. A) GTC order B) market order C) fill-or-kill order D) stop-loss order E) none of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Types of Orders AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 34) A ________ is an order that specifies a securities trade is to be made only at a certain price or better. A) day order B) market order C) limit order D) GTC order E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Types of Orders AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 35) A ________ is an order to buy or sell a set number of securities immediately at the best price available. A) day order B) market order C) limit order D) prompt order E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Types of Orders AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 36) A ________ is a trading order that expires at the end of the trading day during which it was made. A) day order B) market order C) limit order D) GTC order E) fill-or-kill order Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Types of Orders AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 357 37) A group of 100 shares of common stock is referred to as a(n) A) odd lot. B) round lot. C) even lot. D) square lot. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Types of Orders AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 38) A(n) ________ order is an order to sell if the price drops below a specified level or buy if the price climbs above a specified level. A) good-till-cancelled B) stop C) limit D) market E) open Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Types of Orders AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 39) A ________ is a member of an exchange who oversees the trading in one or more stocks and is generally responsible for maintaining a ʺfair and orderlyʺ market in those stocks by purchasing or releasing stocks into the market. A) floor trader B) day trader C) specialist D) monitor E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Specialists AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 40) Your next-door neighbor, a kind, elderly lady, just discovered that her stock account had been excessively traded in an inappropriate manner, mainly to generate excess commissions. This is an example of A) account theft. B) black market trading. C) high turnover trading. D) churning. E) none of the above. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Market Abuses AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 358 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 41) The price at which an individual is willing to sell a security is called the A) set price. B) bid price. C) ask on offer price. D) take price. E) none of the above. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Bid/Ask Price AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 42) Investors with ________ accounts pay in full for their security purchases. A) margin B) cash C) initial margin D) maintenance margin Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Investment Information AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 43) Amy and Bob have decided to borrow a portion of the purchase price of stocks from their broker. They will then have a ________ account. A) cash B) round lot C) margin D) debtor E) combination Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Securities Trading Accounts AACSB: Information Technology 44) Barney Q. Hopkins borrows stock from his broker (short selling) with the goal of ________ and ________. A) buying low; selling later B) buying low; selling low C) buying high; selling low D) selling high; later buying low E) borrowing money; buying low Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Short Selling AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 359 45) A(n) ________ account represents the money over which you give a broker power to trade for you. A) discretionary B) discount C) stock purchasing D) securities E) indemnity Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Securities Trading Accounts AACSB: Information Technology 46) You specify that your trade is to be made only at a certain price or better. You are placing a(n) A) stop order. B) limit order. C) market order. D) open order. E) closed order. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Types of Orders AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 47) A(n) ________ account represents the money or investments you have at a brokerage firm. A) discretionary B) brokerage C) stock purchasing D) indemnity Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Brokers AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 48) Sally is attempting to purchase 88 shares of Googleʹs stock. Sally is purchasing a(n) ________ lot of stocks. A) square B) round C) odd D) margin E) cannot determine from the information provided Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Purchasing Stocks AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 360 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 49) You want to buy stock in a dynamic electronics firm. You place an order that cannot be completely filled the first day, so you ask for a(n) A) second chance. B) market order. C) open order. D) day order. E) extended order. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Types of Orders AACSB: Information Technology 50) Barbara Ann ordered 50 shares of stock, which is called a(n) ________ lot on the NYSE. A) discretionary B) square C) odd D) round E) even Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Types of Orders AACSB: Information Technology 51) Assume you have a margin account with a 50% initial margin. You purchase 100 shares of Microsoft at $150 per share. The price increases to $175 per share. What is the net value of your investment (margin) now? A) $17,500 B) $15,000 C) $ 7,500 D) $ 3,750 E) None of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Securities Trading Accounts AACSB: Analytical Thinking 52) Insider trading is both unfair and illegal. It occurs when officers, directors, major stockholders, or others trade securities while A) intoxicated. B) in prison. C) in possession of illegal drugs. D) in possession of ʺmaterialʺ nonpublic security information. E) having relatives working at the firm whose stock they are trading. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Market Abuses AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 361 53) All of the following are ordering alternatives that specify the timeframe within which you want your order filled except A) GTC order. B) fill-or-kill order. C) open order. D) limit order. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Purchasing Stocks AACSB: Information Technology 54) Which of the following purchase orders indicates that you want to buy or sell immediately? A) Limit order B) Market order C) Day order D) Open order Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Types of Orders AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 55) You have been watching a stock that has dramatically increased in price for the last several days. Today it closed at $50 per share. You want to purchase this stock in the morning using your online brokerage account. You are willing to pay up to $53 a share but no higher. What type of purchase order should you use? A) A stop-loss order B) A good-til-cancel order C) A market order D) A limit order Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Types of Orders AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 56) You purchased some stock last month for $50 per share. Today the stock closed at $80 per share. You would like to protect the profit that you have made on this stock but you really donʹt want to sell it in case it continues to rise in price. What should you do? A) Place a market order on this stock B) Place a stop-loss order on this stock C) Place a protect order on this stock D) None of the above Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Types of Orders AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 57) Assume you have a margin account with a 50% initial margin. You purchase 100 shares of stock at $80 per share. The price increases to $100 per share. What is the net value of your investment (margin) now? A) $10,000 B) $8,000 C) $6,000 D) $5,000 E) $2,000 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Short Selling AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 362 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 58) What is the purpose of a margin account and using margin to purchase stocks? A) A margin account allows you to purchase stocks without using any of your own money. B) A margin account allows you to purchase more shares than you could afford to purchase using only your own money. C) Using margin to purchase more shares gives you the potential to earn a higher return on your investment. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only B and C are correct. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Short Selling AACSB: Information Technology 59) Why does it cost so much to trade with a full service broker? A) Full service brokers offer stock research and investment advice. B) Full service brokers offer many different customer services. C) Full service brokers provide a one-on-one personal relationship with the customer. D) All of the above are correct. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Brokers AACSB: Information Technology 60) What type of broker can protect your investments from systematic risk? A) Online broker B) Discount broker C) Full service broker D) None of the above. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Brokers AACSB: Information Technology 61) Describe the typical order characteristics you will encounter. Answer: You will want to order in either round or odd lots. A round lot is a group of 100 shares of common stocks. Round lot trading occurs on the NYSE. An odd lot is an order of less than 100 shares of stock. If you want your order to be filled only on the day it was given, be sure to use a day order. If you want the order to remain effective until it is filled, use an open or good-till-canceled order. Use a market order to buy or sell securities immediately at the best price available. You use a limit order when you specify that the trade is to be only at a certain price or better. Use a stop or stop-loss order to sell if the price drops below a specified level or to buy if the price climbs above a specified level. They are used to protect your profits. Diff: 1 Topic: Types of Orders AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 363 62) What personal characteristics should you look for in a full-service broker and why are they important? Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. a reputation for integrity, intelligence, and efficiency experience in both up and down markets one who understands your investment philosophy one who allows you to say ʺnoʺ without undue pressure one who is upfront with total costs All of these qualities are important in representing my best interests and not the interests of the broker or brokerage firm. It is crucial for a broker to know the markets over the long term as well as the short term. He or she must understand what my goals are, not just his or hers. A broker must be an efficient and cost-saving person to allow me to continue to trade. All of these qualities point to an ethical person who will be around for a long time to assist me and many others. Diff: 2 Topic: Stock Brokers AACSB: Reflective Thinking 63) Explain the purpose of a brokerage account and the 3 types of brokers. Answer: A brokerage account represents the money (cash) or investments (securities) you have at a brokerage firm. This is an account to use in the buying and selling of securities on a regular or semi-regular basis. A full-service broker gives advice and direction to the client. This broker is paid a commission based upon the sales volume generated. Discount brokers execute trades without giving advice and charge 50% to 70% less than a full -service broker. A deep-discount broker undercuts the dominant discount brokers and will execute some trades for up to 90% off the price of a full-service broker. Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Brokers AACSB: Reflective Thinking 64) Generally, day trading should be avoided. If you decide to participate in day trading, what should you keep in mind? Answer: Be prepared to suffer severe financial losses. Donʹt confuse day trading with investing–they arenʹt the same. Day traders arenʹt interested in value, but in how the stock might perform in the next few hours or day. Donʹt believe claims of easy profits. Investors have a tendency to talk more about when they make money, but not about when they lose it. In fact, day trading has been called ʺa trading method for transferring wealth from unsophisticated investors to sophisticated investors.ʺ Watch out for ʺhot tipsʺ and ʺexpert adviceʺ from newsletters and websites catering to day traders. Thereʹs no question that someone makes money from day trading; unfortunately, in the vast majority of cases, it isnʹt the investor Diff: 2 Topic: Day Traders AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 364 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 11.7 Sources of Investment Information 1) Investment advice is very difficult to find and expensive to purchase. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Investment Information AACSB: Information Technology 2) If youʹre going to make informed investment decisions, you have to seek investment information, read it, and interpret it. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Investment Information AACSB: Information Technology 3) It is a good idea for every investor to read the Wall Street Journal. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Investment Information AACSB: Information Technology 4) According to your text, ʺfalling in loveʺ with your stock is a good idea. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Investment Information AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) The Internet is full of investment information, and all of it is stringently regulated so you can be sure of its reliability. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Investment Information AACSB: Information Technology 6) A good source of investment advice is a neutral party that doesnʹt charge a fee or earn a commission from you. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Investment Information AACSB: Information Technology 7) An investor should always consider the source when receiving stock tips from other people. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Investment Information AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 365 8) The primary sources of information about the stock market and individual stocks are Moodyʹs Investors Service, Standard & Poorʹs Stock Reports, Morningstar Investment Reports, and the Value Line Investment Survey. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Investment Information AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) According to the Keown book, overconfidence afflicts women more often than men, and it also leads women to trade too often. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Investment Information AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) The reluctance effect plays on the fear of regret and the seeking of pride, resulting in selling winning stocks too soon and keeping losing stocks too long. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Investment Information AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) Brokerage firm reports A) are provided by all discount brokers. B) provide access to research reports prepared by the firmʹs securities analysts. C) analyze individual companies but not the direction of the economy as a whole. D) are only valuable if you buy the recommended stocks. E) all of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Investment Information AACSB: Information Technology 12) According to the Keown book, which of the following is not a primary source of information about the stock market and individual stocks? A) Fitch Investment Survey B) Moodyʹs Investors Service C) Standard & Poorʹs Stock Reports D) Morningstar Investment Reports 2 Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Investment Information AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 366 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 13) Investors have access to an incredible amount of corporate information on the Internet, including news sites, free software, and discussion groups. According to the Keown book, which websites reflect the greatest online sources of investment information? I. Yahoo! Finance II. CNNMoney.com III. The Motley Fool IV. EDGAR C) I, II, and III D) I, II, III, and IV A) I only B) I and II Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Investment Information AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14) Which statement is true regarding overconfidence? A) Overconfidence leads to trading too often. B) Overconfidence afflicts women more often than men, and it also leads women to trade too often. C) Overconfident investors think they can beat the market. D) Both A and C Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Investment Information AACSB: Analytical Thinking 15) The ________ plays on the fear of regret and the seeking of pride, resulting in selling winning stocks too soon and keeping losing stocks too long. A) disposition effect B) reluctance effect C) house money effect D) overconfidence effect Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Investment Information AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) There are several sources of information available to help you make intelligent choices about buying and selling stock? If you choose a corporationʹs annual report to base your decisions on, what should you look for? Answer: Remember that an annual report is written to give real attention to public relations; that is, it puts the firm in as favorable a light as possible. Concern yourself with the trends in sales, profits, and dividends. Notice how well the company performed last year by comparing its financial ratios to the industry norm. What does the management project for the future? Is it positive or negative? Diff: 1 Topic: Investment Information AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Investment Basics 367 17) How does overconfidence affect investors? Answer: Investors tend to be overconfident. Simply put, people think they know more than they do. This overconfidence applies to their abilities, their knowledge, and the future. In effect, most investors think they can beat the market. Overconfidence also leads to trading too often. Of course, there is the chance that those who trade more frequently earn higher returns. Overconfidence afflicts men more often than women, and it also leads men to trade too often. Diff: 2 Topic: Investment Information AACSB: Reflective Thinking 18) List some helpful investment tips. Answer: Systems donʹt beat the market. Itʹs long-term investing that works. Stick to your investment plan and donʹt try to time the market. Focus on the asset allocation process. You should spend your energy on the appropriate asset allocation, taking into consideration your goals, your plan, and where you are in your financial life cycle. Recognize the time dimension of investing. Your asset allocation strategy should reflect your investment horizon. Keep the commissions down. Because itʹs difficult to beat the market, make sure you donʹt give away too much of your return. Diversify, diversify, diversify! The benefits of diversification have yet to be challenged. If you donʹt feel comfortable, seek the help of a qualified financial advisor. Donʹt let the fear of investing keep you out of the game. Diff: 2 Topic: Investment Information AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 Investing in Stocks 12.1 Why Consider Stocks? 1) Limited liability associated with stock ownership means that shareholders can only lose the amount of money they have invested in the company. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Limited Liability AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) A companyʹs dividend distribution can be in the form of cash or additional stock. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Dividends AACSB: Information Technology 3) The market price of the stock is a reflection of the potential earnings per share of the firm. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Earnings per Share AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) Some firms have negative earnings per share numbers. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Earnings per Share AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) Some companies distribute earnings per share in the form of dividends and some retain these earnings for future investment in the firm. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Earnings per Share AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) The dividend yield is calculated by dividing the earnings per share by the market price of the stock. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Dividends AACSB: Information Technology 7) The dividend yield tells investors how much in the way of a return they would receive if the stock price and the dividend level remain constant. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Dividends AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 Investing in Stocks 369 8) In the event of a corporate bankruptcy, bondholderʹs claims are paid before shareholdersʹ claims are paid. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Claims on Assets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 9) Common stockholders not only have the right to elect the board but also must approve day-to-day decisions of the chief executive officer. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Voting Rights AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 10) Stock splits increase the number of the shares you own, but decrease the value of your total holdings with the company. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Split AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) Publicly traded stocks listed on a major exchange are not very liquid investments. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Liquidity AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 12) Every company must pay dividends as a portion of the companyʹs profits to its stockholders. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Dividends AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 13) According to your text, over time, investing in stocks generally outperforms most other investments. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Stocks AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 14) Holding several types of stock can greatly reduce the risk in your portfolio. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Risk AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 370 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 15) Common stockholders have a superior claim on a companyʹs assets over creditors and bondholders. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Claims on Assets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 16) A stock split is a tactic by a corporation to manipulate the market price of its stock. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Stock Split AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 17) A proxy is a legal agreement a stockholder signs to allow someone else to vote for him or her at the corporationʹs annual meeting. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Voting Rights AACSB: Information Technology 18) When a corporation engages in a stock repurchase, each remaining shareholder owns a smaller proportion of the firm. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Stock Repurchase AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 19) A firm may decide that the price per share for its stock is getting too high for the smaller investor so the company ʺsplits the stock.ʺ Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Stock Split AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 20) When a corporation repurchases its own stock, it does so in the secondary markets. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Repurchase AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 21) Returns on stocks can come in the form of capital appreciation. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 22) Capital appreciation refers to an increase in the selling price of your shares of stock. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Investment Strategies AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 Investing in Stocks 371 23) You cannot benefit from capital appreciation until you actually sell your stock. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Stock Investment Strategies AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 24) Both capital gains and dividends are guaranteed with common stock. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Dividends AACSB: Information Technology 25) Dividends are paid regardless if the company makes a profit. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Dividends AACSB: Information Technology 26) While you canʹt be assured of what you will get when you sell your stock, you will most likely not have difficulty selling it. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Stocks AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 27) Income stocks are stocks that have a very high capital appreciation potential. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Classification of Common Stock AACSB: Information Technology 28) Growth stocks are issued by companies that have exhibited sales and earnings growth well above their industry average. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Classification of Common Stock AACSB: Information Technology 29) Most of the stocks listed in the Dow Jones Industrials have high P/E ratios and are classified as speculative stocks. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Classification of Common Stock AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 30) A growth stock is known for its high dividend yields. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Classification of Common Stock AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 372 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 31) When the economy slumps, the earnings of cyclical stocks drop; when the economy recovers, so do their earnings. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Classification of Common Stock AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 32) Microsoft is an example of a company whose common stock is considered to be a growth stock. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Classification of Common Stock AACSB: Information Technology 33) Income stocks pay relatively low dividends, and offer a high potential for capital appreciation. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Classification of Common Stock AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 34) Speculative stocks are often traded through the OTC Bulletin Board. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Classification of Common Stock AACSB: Information Technology 35) Proctor and Gamble is an example of a blue-chip stock. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Classification of Common Stock AACSB: Information Technology 36) Defensive stocks frequently perform better during economic downturns. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Classification of Common Stock AACSB: Information Technology 37) Stocks reduce risk by portfolio rebalancing. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Classification of Common Stock AACSB: Information Technology 38) Berkshire Hathawayʹs ʺAʺ stock has never split. As a result, in mid -2014 one share of the stock was selling at a price of more than $190,000 per share. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Stocks AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 Investing in Stocks 373 39) Coca-Cola is an example of a red-chip stock. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Classification of Common Stock AACSB: Information Technology 40) You have just purchased 10 shares of a stock selling at $50 per share. Since that time, the company was found to be in violation of several environmental laws and has several major lawsuits outstanding. Which of the following statements is most correct? A) You could lose up to your $500 investment. B) You could lose more than your $500 investment. C) You cannot lose your investment based on the actions of the company. D) By owning stock in the company, you have also technically violated the law. E) None of the above Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Limited Liability AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 41) Which of the following statements is most correct regarding the general relationship between stocks and interest rates? A) There is no relationship between interest rates and stock prices. B) As interest rates increase, stock prices should also increase. C) As interest rates increase, stock prices should decrease. D) Stock prices are negatively exponentially related to interest rate increases. E) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 42) ________ are a companyʹs distribution of its profits in the form of cash or stock to its owners. A) Dividends B) Coupon interest payments C) Equity payments D) Shareholder divestments E) None of the above Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Dividends AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 374 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 43) When a company buys back its own common stock it is engaging in a A) stock split. B) stock reissue. C) stock repurchase. D) stock repo. E) none of the above. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Repurchase AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 44) A ________ increases the number of stock shares outstanding by replacing each existing share of stock with a stated number of new shares. A) dividend reinvestment B) stock split C) stock repurchase D) stock reissue E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Split AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 45) The net income of the firm is $4 million dollars. The firm will pay $500,000 in dividends to the preferred shareholders. There are currently 1 million shares of common stock outstanding. What are the earnings per share for this firm? A) $4.00 B) $3.50 C) $4.50 D) $3.00 Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Earnings per Share AACSB: Analytical Thinking 46) The firm will pay an annual dividend this year of $2 per share. The current market price of the stock is $40.00 per share. The book value of this stock is $24.00 per share. The earnings per share for this firm is $5.75. What is the current dividend yield of this stock? A) 14.38% B) 8.33% C) 23.9% D) 5% Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Earnings per Share AACSB: Analytical Thinking 47) Your investment goal is to receive a stream of income from your investment. Which of the following would be important information to determine whether a particular stock purchase would suit your plan? A) The earnings per share B) The market-to-book ratio C) The book value D) The dividend yield Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Dividends AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 Investing in Stocks 375 48) A(n) ________ is a legal agreement signed by a stockholder allowing someone else to vote on his or her behalf at the corporationʹs annual meeting. A) voting contract B) agency contact C) contingency contract D) proxy E) none of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Voting Rights AACSB: Information Technology 49) The ________ date is the date the stock begins trading without dividend, meaning that if you buy it after this date you will not get the dividend for that year. A) payment date B) declaration date C) ex-dividend date D) reinvestment date E) maturity date Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Dividends AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 50) The ________ is the date on which the board of directors announces the amount of the dividend. A) announcement date B) declaration date C) dividend date D) ex-dividend date E) maturity date Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Dividends AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 51) You purchased 100 shares of Quantex at $150 per share for a total investment of $15,000. After your purchase the stock had a 3 for 1 split. How many shares do you now own and how much is your original investment now worth? A) 100 shares and $150 dollars B) 300 shares and $15,000 dollars D) 300 shares and $45,000 dollars C) 100 shares and $45,000 dollars Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Split AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 376 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 52) Nathan noticed that a company that has great potential just declared a ________ because its stock price was getting too high for the small investor to buy the stock. The company will substitute more shares for the existing shares of stock without increasing the market value of the firm. A) dividend yield B) stock repurchase C) claim on income D) stock split E) stock splice Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Stock Split AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 53) You are really keen on stocks. However, you do not like stocks with regard to ________. This means that if a company you have invested in goes bankrupt, the creditors are paid first and you will be out of luck. A) claim on income B) limited liability C) claims on assets D) voting rights E) claims on dividends Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Claims on Assets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 54) Common stockholders are entitled to elect the companyʹs board of directors. Usually one share of stock is equal to ________ vote(s). A) one B) two C) 100 D) 1,000 Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Stocks AACSB: Information Technology 55) What are proxy fights? A) Proxy fights are when two rival companies want the same voters. B) Proxy fights are battles for proxy votes between rival groups of share holders in separate companies. C) Proxy fights are battles for proxy votes between rival groups of share holders in the same company. D) Proxy fights are when shareholders fight over who will cast their votes. E) There is no such thing as a proxy fight. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Investment Strategies AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 Investing in Stocks 377 56) The dividend yield on a share of common stock is A) available at most large companies. B) the amount of annual dividends divided by the market price of the stock. C) the taxes you pay on the reinvested dividends. D) all of the above. E) only A and B. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Dividends AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 57) The book value of a company is calculated by A) adding the price per share to the dividends paid. B) subtracting its price per share from the dividends paid. C) subtracting the value of all the firmʹs assets from the value of its liabilities. D) subtracting the value of all the firmʹs liabilities from the value of its assets. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Investment Information AACSB: Information Technology 58) A proxy vote means A) filling out a voting form and having a representative turn it in for you. B) requesting that your vote be deferred until a later date. C) giving a representative the right to vote in your place. D) none of the above. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Voting Rights AACSB: Information Technology 59) What point marks the purchase of common stock without a right to a declared dividend? A) Dividend payout date B) Declaration date C) Ex-dividend date D) Cut-off point E) End of fiscal year Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Dividends AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 378 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 60) As a shareholder in Titanic Shipping, Inc., James Blue is one of the many actual owners. In case of the bankruptcy of the corporation, his liability would be limited to A) his ownership percentage of the actual loss. B) the amount of his investment. C) nothing at all. D) what is left after selling the stock and subtracting the debt. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Limited Liability AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 61) Which feature of common stock ownership allows a stockholder to share in the companyʹs earnings after the creditors are paid? A) Limited liability B) Claim on income C) Claims on assets D) Voting rights Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Claims on Assets AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 62) Returns from shares of stock come in the form of A) stock splits. B) capital appreciation. C) dividends. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only B and C are correct. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Stocks AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 63) Dividends A) are always paid, regardless of the companyʹs profitability. B) are always paid when the company makes a profit. C) are never paid to common stockholders; only preferred stockholders receive them. D) None of the above is true. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Stocks AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 64) Abby previously owned 200 shares of NEWAGE stock at $25 per share. Today the company split the stock in a 3:1 split. Now what is the value of Abbyʹs stock? A) $5,000 B) $6,000 C) $2,500 D) $200 Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Stocks AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 Investing in Stocks 379 65) Which of the following investment options is not affected by a change in the market rates of interest? A) Common stocks B) Corporate bonds C) Government bonds D) None of the above is correct; all are affected. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Stocks AACSB: Analytical Thinking 66) Figure 13.1 in your textbook compares the returns on various investments over the period 1951-2010. Which of the following is shown to exceed the inflation rate by the widest margin? A) Common stocks B) Government bonds C) Treasury bills D) Mutual funds Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 67) Which of the following makes common stocks more risky than corporate bonds when both are issued by the same company? A) Claims on income B) Unlimited liability C) Claims on assets D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and C are correct. Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic: Stocks AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 68) Suppose that a company feels that the price of its stock is more than the average small investor can afford. To lower the price the company could engage in a A) stock split. B) stock repurchase. C) proxy vote. D) All of the above are correct. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Stocks AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 380 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 69) The dividend yield tells investors which of the following? A) What their portfolio is worth on the open market B) How much in the way of a return they would receive if the stock price and the dividend level remain constant C) When the company will be releasing dividends D) How much in total the company has available to pay out in dividends E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Dividends AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 70) Greg Jewell read about several companies that were performing relatively well despite the current recession. Stocks like these, that in some cases actually perform better during downturns in the economy, are called ________ stocks. A) cyclical B) speculative C) defensive D) growth E) seasonal Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Classification of Common Stock AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 71) If you purchase stock of big companies like Proctor & Gamble, General Electric, and Texaco you would be buying shares of ________ stocks. B) true-blue C) mini-caps D) speculative A) blue-chip Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Classification of Common Stock AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 72) Deborah recently purchased a stock that is considerably more risky than a typical stock. It has exhibited a high degree of earnings variability. This is an example of a(n) ________ stock. C) income D) mid-cap A) speculative B) blue-chip Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Classification of Common Stock AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 Investing in Stocks 381 73) If you were to purchase common stocks issued by large, nationally known companies with sound financial histories with solid dividend and growth records you would own what are called A) best-bet stocks. B) blue-chip stocks. C) performance stocks. D) long-run performance stocks. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Classification of Common Stock AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 74) Because of her childrenʹs immediate financial needs, your aunt Marsha has decided to switch some of her money to high-grade utility company stocks. Her reasoning is that these ________ stocks generally pay relatively high dividends that she will be able to give to her children as they need assistance. C) income D) cyclical E) safe A) growth B) blue-chip Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Classification of Common Stock AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 75) As compared to growth stocks, income stocks pay ________ dividends with ________ growth in earnings. A) relatively high; relatively high B) the same; relatively high C) relatively high; relatively little D) relatively high; moderate E) relatively high; the same Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Classification of Common Stock AACSB: Analytical Thinking 76) For an investor who is retired, which category of stocks would be more appropriate for a portion of their portfolio? A) Blue-chip stocks B) Income stocks C) Growth stocks D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and B are correct. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Classification of Common Stock AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 382 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 77) Brenda is a 25 year old investor who recently graduated from college and has a successful career, which type of stock should represent a good portion of her portfolio? A) Growth stocks B) Defensive stocks C) Income stocks D) Risk-free stocks Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Classification of Common Stock AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 78) Large-caps, mid-caps, and small-caps refer to the size of the firm issuing the stock, more specifically, to its B) market value. A) book value. C) dividend. D) capacity for growth. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Classification of Common Stock AACSB: Information Technology 79) Which stock index will have the largest representation of small-, mid- and large -cap stocks? A) DJIA B) S&P 500 C) Wilshire 5000 D) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Index AACSB: Information Technology 80) Berkshire Hathawayʹs ʺAʺ stock has never split. As a result, in mid -2014 one share of its stock was selling at a price of more than ________ per share. A) $190 B) $1,900 C) $19,000 D) $190,000 Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Stocks AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 Investing in Stocks 383 81) Explain the common stock features and rights as though you are speaking to a novice. Answer: Common stocks have limited liability; that is, if the company goes bankrupt your liability is limited to the amount of your investment. The claim on income is not certain because the corporation is not obligated to pay any dividends. Dividends are paid only after all debt and other obligations have been paid, such as reinvesting the leftover earnings back into the company. On the other hand, if the company has a booming year the stockholders will make a bundle. Should a company go bankrupt, the creditors have claim on its assets before the stockholders do, and therefore the stockholders may be out of luck. Stockholders are entitled to elect the companyʹs officers and sometimes vote on policy. The number of votes depends upon the number of shares owned. When a firm thinks its stock price is too high for the smaller investor, the officers will ʺsplitʺ it into more shares. Sometimes a firm will repurchase shares so that each stockholder will own a larger proportion of the firm. Common stock has book value, a return (dividend yield), earnings per share, and a market-to-book ratio. Diff: 2 Topic: Stocks AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 82) Explain the purpose and value of the dividend yield ratio. Answer: The dividend yield ratio is a tool that allows investors to compare the potential income return on various investment opportunities. For example, a share with a dividend yield of 3% would produce the same amount of income as a CD with a 3% yield. Investors with an income investment goal would value the dividend yield a lot. Diff: 2 Topic: Dividends AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 83) What factors can effect the market price of a stock? Answer: There are many factors that can effect the market value of a firmʹs stock price. The price of the stock reflects the firmʹs potential to earn profits. Anything that increases the chances of the firm making higher profits is most likely to cause the market price of the stock to rise. Examples such as lower market rates of interest, lower production costs, successful price increases, new and innovative products, increase in market share, favorable tax breaks or government regulations. Anything that reduces or hinders the firmʹs ability to make profits will negatively effect the market price of the stock. Examples include rising market rates of interests, rising energy costs, rising costs of production, fading popularity or obsolete products, bad publicly, losing market share to competition, unfavorable taxes or newer, tougher government regulations. Diff: 3 Topic: Stocks AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 384 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 84) Is a positive stock split good for the current share holders? Answer: Yes, for the most part a positive stock split is a bullish signal to the market about the success and growth of the profit potential for the firm. When a firmʹs profits are rising, the demand for their stock increases causing the market price of the stock to increase. When the share price gets to high then the company can effectively lower the share price by doing a stock split. Since a stock split increases the number of shares shareholders own, then they will eventually end up with more dividends and capital gains if the company continues to prosper. The market price of the stock effects the liquidity of the stock also. It is much easier to sell stock at $40 per share than $120 per share since more people can afford the lower price. Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Split AACSB: Analytical Thinking 85) Differentiate between the general classifications of common stock. Answer: Blue-chip stocks are issued by large, nationally known companies with sound financial histories and solid dividend and growth records, such as IBM. Growth stocks have shown sales and earnings growth well above their industry average. Income stocks are usually issued by more mature firms that pay relatively high dividends with little increase in earnings. Speculative stocks have much more variability and risk than do typical stocks. It is difficult to forecast their direction for investment purposes. Cyclical stocks move with the economy, up with recoveries and down with slumps. Defensive stocks are not as affected by swings in the economy and they are not hurt as much in slumps. Diff: 2 Topic: Classification of Common Stock AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 86) Discuss the relationship between growth stocks and income stocks and their P/E ratios. Answer: A growth stock is a company that is actively growing and expanding. This growth requires a lot of capital so they seldom pay much in dividends, if any. Instead they plow their earnings back into the growth of the company. A fast growing company leads to the potential for fast growing earnings per share. When the market thinks this growth company has good earnings growth, they bid the share price up accordingly representing higher P/E ratios. Most income stocks are from companies who are relatively large and mature in their industries. Since they are not in an active growth mode, then they donʹt need to retain earnings and can instead pay them out to the shareholders in the form of high dividends. Because they are not expected to have a lot of growth in earnings, then the market does not bid up their market price resulting in relatively low P/E ratios. Diff: 3 Topic: Classification of Common Stock AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 Investing in Stocks 385 87) Discuss four reasons to invest in stocks. Answer: Over time, common stocks outperform all other investments. Although stocks arenʹt guaranteed to give you any return, they usually give you a worthwhile return. Stocks reduce risk through diversification. When you include in your portfolio different types of investments that donʹt move (that is, the rate of return doesnʹt fluctuate) perfectly together over time, youʹre able to reduce the risk in your portfolio. Stocks donʹt move in the same manner as other investments such as bonds, and each stock moves in its own way. Holding stock from multiple industries can greatly reduce your risk. Stocks are liquid. You canʹt be assured of the price youʹll get when you want to sell your stock, but you wonʹt have difficulty selling it. The secondary markets for common stock are extremely well developed, and as such, you will be able to sell your stock– with minimum transaction costs–whenever you want. The growth in your investment is determined by more than just interest rates. With some investments, the potential for price appreciation is largely a function of interest rates going down. But with common stock, the value isnʹt a slave to interest rates. Diff: 3 Topic: Stocks AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12.2 Stock Indexes and Quotes 1) A stock market index is a measure of the performance of a group of stocks that represent the market or a sector of the market. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Stocks AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) The Dow Jones Industrial Average is based on the movement of 500 stocks, primarily from the NYSE. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Index AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 3) When investors talk about movements in the market, they generally refer to the Russell 1000. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Index AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) During a ʺbear marketʺ stocks prices typically fall. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Market Movements AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 386 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 5) The only time to buy stocks is in a bull market and the only times to sell stocks is during a bear market. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Market Movements AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) The S&P 500 is a much broader index than the Dow. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 7) The stocks tracked by the Dow represent over 50% of the market value of the NYSE. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Listing AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 8) Movement in the stock market indexes determines whether it is a bear or bull market. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Stock Index AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 9) Because the Dow Jones Index Average is based on the movement of 500 large, well -established stocks, many investors believe it reflects price movements for large firms rather than for the general market. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Stock Index AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) The term ʺbearʺ stems from the fact that bears raise their paws upward when they attack. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Market Movements AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) The Dow Jones Industrial Average has been an index since what year? A) 1796 B) 1896 C) 1996 Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Stock Index AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. D) 2006 Chapter 12 Investing in Stocks 387 12) A stock market characterized by increasing prices is termed a(n) ________ market. A) bull B) bear C) animal D) none of the above Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Market Movements AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 13) A ________ is a measure of the performance of a group of stocks that represent the market or a sector of the market. A) stock market index B) stock grouping C) market composite D) portfolio return E) none of the above Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Index AACSB: Information Technology 14) A stock market characterized by ________ prices is termed a bear market. A) falling B) rising C) steady D) none of the above Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Market Movements AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 15) If you are very optimistic about the ability of firms to earn profits today and in the immediate future, what type of investor philosophy do you exhibit? A) Animalistic B) Bullish C) Bearish D) Psychic Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Market Movements AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 16) The S&P 500 A) is the oldest and most widely quoted of the stock indexes. B) is a narrower index than the DOW. C) includes some stocks from the OTC market. D) all of the above Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Stock Index AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 388 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 17) The ________ is a common stock indicator, consisting of 30 large industrial firms, and is used to indicate how well stocks have done. A) DAIA B) CMIA C) DJIA D) SPFA E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Index AACSB: Information Technology 18) Jessica wanted to gauge stock performance in general. She found a useful tool that measured the stock prices of 30 large industrial firms, called the A) Dow Jones Industrial Average. B) Standard & Poorʹs Index. C) Value Line Survey. D) Moodyʹs Index. E) none of the above. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Index AACSB: Information Technology 19) If you wanted information about how the entire stock market is performing, which index would provide you with information on virtually all types and sizes of companies? A) Dow Jones Industrials B) S&P 500 C) NASDAQ 100 D) Wilshire 5000 Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Index AACSB: Information Technology 20) When you got home after work, you saw on the news that the S&P was down by 20 points. Which of the following is true? A) All of your stocksʹ market prices must have declined by 20 points. B) Some of your stocksʹ market prices may have increased. C) Some of your stocksʹ market prices may have decreased. D) Both B and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Market Movements AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 Investing in Stocks 389 21) You are looking at the stock quotes in your newspaper and you see that your stock closed up 5% yesterday. Where would you look to see how it has been doing over the last year? A) Prior dayʹs close B) P/E ratio C) 52-week high and low D) Market cap Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Listing AACSB: Information Technology 22) All of the following are stock market indexes except A) the Dow Jones Industrial Average. B) the Standard & Poorʹs 500. C) the Russell 100. D) the Wilshire 5000. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Earnings per Share AACSB: Information Technology 23) The DJIA weights stocks based on A) the size of the company. C) their relative prices. B) their place alphabetically. D) none of the above. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Index AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 24) Because the DJIA weights stocks based on their relative prices, when a high priced stock moves a small amount on the DJIA, it has a(n) ________ impact on the index. A) limited B) inordinately large C) insignificant D) minute Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Index AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 25) Because the Dow Jones Index Average is based on the movement of only ________ large, well-established stocks, many investors believe it reflects price movements for large firms rather than for the general market. A) 30 B) 50 C) 100 D) 500 Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Stock Index AACSB: Analytical Thinking 26) The letters or characters that represent a stock is known as the stockʹs A) ticker. B) code. C) acronym. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Stocks AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. D) share. 390 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 27) Compare and contrast the Dow Jones Industrial Average and Standard & Poorʹs 500 -Stock Index. Answer: The Dow attempts to gauge the well-being of the stock market based on the performance of 30 large industrial firms. Many investors think it reflects price movements for large firms rather than for the general market. It weights stocks based upon their relative prices, neglecting other factors that would be indicative. Nonetheless, it does a relatively good job of reflecting market movements. The S & P 500 is a much broader index because it is based on the movements of 500 stocks. It is probably a better representative of movements in the overall market. Diff: 2 Topic: Stock Index AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 28) What is the importance of the P/E Ratio to investors? Answer: The P/E ratio is a measure of risk and the growth potential of the EPS of the firm. A low P/E ratio signifies that the company is fairly mature or weak and the market is not pricing in very much earnings growth potential into this stock. An average P/E ratio signals that this firm is a healthy firm in a healthy industry and this firm has the potential for average or normal earnings growth. A P/E ratio above the average P/E ratio signals that the market is very optimistic about above average EPS growth potential and that this stock could provide healthy capital gains. Possibly it is a new firm with a new innovative product and its EPS are fairly small right now but this firm has the potential to explode in sales and profits causing the market value of the stock to explode also. However, many times a company with a high P/E ratio doesnʹt work out so well and the stock crashes much faster than it rose in value. High P/E stocks are very speculative and risky and not appropriate for important investing goals such as retirement. Diff: 2 Topic: Earnings per Share AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 12.3 Valuation of Common Stock 1) The price/earnings ratio is an indication of how much investors are willing to pay for a dollar of the companyʹs earnings. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Information Technology 2) The discounted dividends valuation model states that the value of a share of stock is the present value of its future dividends. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 Investing in Stocks 391 3) Technical analysis is a stock valuation technique that incorporates expected future earnings of the company, the riskiness of the companies cash flows, and interest rates in the markets in determining the current value of the stock. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Information Technology 4) Earnings per share is a ratio that describes the amount of net income less preferred stock dividends available to the common shareholders. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Earnings per Share AACSB: Information Technology 5) Technical analysis focuses on supply and demand, using charts and computer programs to project stock trends. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Stocks AACSB: Information Technology 6) According to your text, there is very little validation in using technical analysis as an investing tool. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Information Technology 7) The P/E ratio approach is a type of fundamental analysis. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Earnings per Share AACSB: Information Technology 8) When the market becomes too bullish, the average P/E ratio will fall. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) A technical analysis is the framework for analyzing a security in which you look at a firmʹs internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats in order to gain an understanding of what the future holds for that firm and its stock. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 392 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 10) A stock currently selling for $105 with estimated earnings per share of $5.25 would have a P/E ratio of A) 10. B) 12. C) 20. D) 28. E) 30. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) The P/E ratio of a stock is 20, and its earnings per share is $5.25. What is the current selling price of the stock? A) $20 B) $75 C) $100 D) $105 Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Ratios AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) Your friend has recommended that you purchase stock in company XYZ. It is expected to pay a $4 dividend, and has historically grown at 5%. If the required rate of return is 12%, what is the estimated value of a share of XYZ stock? A) $23.53 B) $33.34 C) $57.14 D) $80.00 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) You are considering purchasing one of two stocks. Stock A is expected to pay a $2.50 dividend, and has historically grown at 6%. Stock B is expected to pay a $3.00 dividend and has historically grown at 4%. Both are the same risk, and you desire to earn a 16% return. Which of the following is true? A) You should buy Stock A, since its estimated price is higher than Stock B. B) You should buy Stock B, since its estimated price is higher than Stock A. C) You should buy Stock A, since its estimated price is lower than Stock B. D) You should buy Stock B, since its estimated price is lower than Stock A. E) You should buy either Stock A or B, since the estimated prices are the same. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 Investing in Stocks 393 14) You are considering the purchase of a stock with a current market price of $50.25 per share. It is expected to pay a dividend of $5.25 next year. Historically the stock has grown at 5%, and based on its risk, you desire to earn a 15% return. Which of the following is true? A) Buy the stock, since your estimated price is higher than the market price. B) Buy the stock, since your estimated price is lower than the market price. C) Do not buy the stock, since your estimated price is lower than the market price. D) Do not buy the stock, since your estimated price is higher than the market price. E) None of the above are true statements Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Analytical Thinking 15) ComChip is a computer chip manufacturer whose stock is selling at $50 per share. Next yearʹs net earnings, minus the preferred stock dividends, is estimated to be $200,000. The company currently has 100,000 shares of common stock outstanding. What is the firmʹs P/E ratio? A) 50.00 B) 45.80 C) 25.00 D) 27.78 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) ComChip is a computer chip manufacturer. Its stock is selling at $50 per share and earnings are $2 per share. What is the stockʹs P/E ratio? A) 50.00 B) 45.80 C) 25.00 D) 27.78 E) 22.50 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Analytical Thinking 17) A stock currently sells for $100 per share, and has earnings of $2.00 per share. What is the stockʹs P/E ratio? A) 50.00 B) 25.00 C) 5.00 D) 1.00 Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Analytical Thinking 18) The ratio of the annual dividend to the market price of the stock is called the A) retention ratio. B) plowback ratio. C) current ratio. D) dividend yield. E) none of the above. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Dividends AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 394 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 19) Using the stock valuation formula calculate the value of a share of stock if it is expected to pay $5 in dividends, in addition the dividends are expected to grow at a rate of 4 percent forever, and the investorʹs required rate of return is 12 percent. A) $18.75 B) $39.75 C) $62.50 D) $68.50 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Analytical Thinking 20) Using the stock valuation formula calculate the value of a share of stock if it is expected to pay $15 in dividends, in addition the dividends are expected to grow at a rate of 8 percent forever, and the investorʹs required rate of return is 10 percent. A) $6.50 B) $7.50 C) $12.00 D) $14.50 Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Analytical Thinking 21) Your dad said that he was curious to know why there is so much fluctuation in the value of common stocks. In 1997 the prospects for Sun Industries became more uncertain and investors began to view it as a more risky investment than they had previously. To compensate for this added risk, investors increased their required rate of return on Sun Industries stock, resulting in a decline in its market value. This explains the factor of A) earnings growth and stock valuation. B) interest rates and stock valuation. C) risk and stock valuation. D) supply and demand. E) dividend strength and stock valuation. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 22) A SWOT analysis A) is a good way of breaking down a firmʹs capabilities and gaining a better understanding of what the future may hold for the firm. B) focuses on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. C) is designed to better understand a firmʹs strategies and whether or not the strategies are sustainable. D) both A and C. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Stock Investment Strategies AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 Investing in Stocks 395 23) For several years you have been using charts and computer programs to project trends in the stock market. You are engaging in what type of analysis? A) Dollar cost averaging B) Technical C) Fundamental D) Price/Earnings E) None of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Investment Strategies AACSB: Analytical Thinking 24) Your father-in-lawʹs stockbroker examines future earnings and dividends, the expected level of interest rates, and the firmʹs risk to provide a basis for buy -sell recommendations. This stockbroker uses the ________ approach to stock valuation. A) financial statement analysis B) earnings analysis C) expectations method D) fundamental analysis E) none of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Information Technology 25) Louise Rogers knows that several factors affect the price of a share of common stock. The one that says there is an inverse relationship between interest rates and the value of a share of common stock is the ________ factor. A) risk and stock valuation B) interest rates and stock valuation C) earnings growth and stock valuation D) interest rates and risk valuation E) interest rates and earnings growth valuation Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 26) Your mother-in-lawʹs stockbroker focuses on supply and demand, and uses charts and computer programs to identify and make buy-sell recommendations. She is using the ________ method. A) descriptive analysis B) visual hedging C) technical analysis D) push and shove E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 396 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 27) Fundamental analysis looks at which of the following? A) Future earnings B) Dividends C) Expected levels of interest rates D) The firmʹs risk E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Dividends AACSB: Analytical Thinking 28) The discounted dividends valuation model of common stock assumes that dividends will grow at a constant rate forever. This method tells us that the (dividend next year) divided by the (required rate of return - growth rate) yields the A) discounted dividend. B) dividend growth rate. C) value of the common stock. D) value of the earnings. E) value of the P/E ratio. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Analytical Thinking 29) Marian read in a financial magazine that the discounted dividends valuation model of common stock defines the value of a share of common stock as the ________ value of the infinite stream of future ________. A) future; growth B) future; earnings C) dividend; earnings D) present; dividends E) present; earnings Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Analytical Thinking 30) This equation, dividends next year/required rate of return minus growth rate tells us the stockʹs A) dividend yield. B) earnings per share. C) value. D) growth potential. E) book-to-price ratio. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 Investing in Stocks 397 31) The ________ the firmʹs earnings growth rate, the ________ the firmʹs P/E ratio and the ________ the investorʹs required rate of return, the ________ the P/E ratio. A) higher; higher; higher; higher B) higher; higher; higher; lower C) higher; higher; lower; lower D) higher; lower; lower; lower E) lower; lower; lower; lower Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Analytical Thinking 32) This approach is used regularly by security analysts to measure a stockʹs relative value, or how much investors are willing to pay for a dollar of the companyʹs earnings. It is found by dividing the price per share by the earnings per share and is called the A) P/E ratio. B) technical industry analysis. C) fundamental analysis. D) discounted dividends valuation. E) market-to-price ratio. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 33) The following equation, (net income - preferred stock dividends)/number of shares of common stock outstanding, allows us to calculate the ________ and this information is necessary to calculate the ________ ratio. A) dividend yield; dividend B) earnings per share; P/E C) market-to-book ratio; book-to-market D) stock growth: P/E E) price-to-book ratio; market-to-book Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Earnings per Share AACSB: Analytical Thinking 34) Which one of the popular common stock valuation methods focuses on supply and demand and uses a computer and charts to identify and project price trends for a stock or for the market as a whole? A) Fundamental analysis approach B) Technical analysis approach C) Price/earnings ratio approach D) Market analysis approach E) Industry analysis approach Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 398 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 35) What are the three factors that explain why stock values fluctuate? Answer: As interest rates rise, the value of the stock decreases. As the stockʹs risk increases, so does the investorʹs required rate of return. As earnings grow, so does the companyʹs capacity to pay dividends. This earnings growth is viewed as a cause of dividend increases and stock prices. Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 36) Distinguish between the technical analysis and fundamental approaches of valuation of common stock. Answer: Technical analysis takes a number of forms, including the interpretation of computer programs, charts, graphs, and mathematical calculations of tracking patterns, all aimed at spotting some trend or direction for stocks. This is no longer a useful approach because it encourages moving in and out of the market rather than buying and holding stocks. A fundamental analysis determines the value of a share of stock by focusing on such factors as future earnings and dividends, expected levels of interest rates, and the firmʹs risk. An example is the Price/Earnings Ratio which is a measure of a stockʹs relative value, found by dividing the price per share by the earnings per share. The higher the ratio the better. Diff: 2 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Analytical Thinking 37) Why is using the P/E ratio a very popular valuation tool? Answer: Many investors use the P/E ratio because it helps to compare the stockʹs growth potential relative to other firms. When you purchase a stock, you are not really buying the company as it stands today. You are actually buying the earnings potential in the future. A healthy, well run company will have innovative products and growing market share leading to growing EPS. It is the EPS in the future that you are actually buying today. The P/E ratio communicates how the market feels about the future prospects of the firm. The P/E ratio also communicates a level of risk. When a stock is ʹpriced to perfectionʹ with a high P/E ratio, then the firm had better live up to these lofty expectations for future growth. Any bad news such as disappointing earnings growth or slowing sales growth or competitive or regulatory pressures can cause these stocks to plummet in value to match the new, reduced expectations for earnings growth. Diff: 3 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Information Technology 12.4 Stock Investment Strategies 1) A buy-and-hold investment strategy means that an investorʹs gains will be taxed as short -term capital gains. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Stock Investment Strategies AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 Investing in Stocks 399 2) The acronym DRIP stands for A) Dividends, Returns, Interest, and Profits. B) Dividend Rates and Income Potential. C) Dividend Reinvestment Plan. D) Dividend Risk and Income Potential. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Dividends AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) You have just discovered one reason not to invest in stocks. What do you think it is? A) Stocks reduce risk through diversification. B) Your tolerance of risk is low. C) Over time, common stocks outperform all other investments. D) Stocks are liquid. E) Growth is determined by more than just interest rates. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Risk AACSB: Reflective Thinking 4) The experts say that a person under the age of 40 should have a majority of their retirement money invested in the stock markets. What is the reason for this? A) On average, common stocks provide a higher return on investment than other investment options. B) Younger people have enough time ahead of them to ride out any dramatic market movements. C) Younger people generally donʹt have enough money to invest in other options. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and B are correct. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Risk and Return Go Hand in Hand AACSB: Reflective Thinking 5) A buy-and-hold investment strategy A) avoids timing the market. B) minimizes transaction costs. C) postpones capital gains taxes. D) means your gains will be taxed as long-term capital gains. E) all of the above. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Market Movements AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 400 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 6) Which of the following questions should potential investors answer before investing? A) Is this a good price for the stock? B) Is this firm in a position that will allow profitability in the future? C) Are this firmʹs strengths and weaknesses likely to get better or worse? D) Are this firmʹs threats and opportunities likely to get better or worse? E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Stock Investment Strategies AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) Discuss three reasons why dollar-cost averaging is an important concept to investors. Answer: If you buy stock over an extended period, itʹs less likely that all your money will be invested right before a market crash. Dollar-cost averaging keeps you from trying to ʺtime the marketʺ in an attempt to wait for the lowest possible price before buying. Identifying the lowest price is virtually impossible to do, although admittedly, it is awfully tempting to try. Most importantly, dollar-cost averaging forces disciplined investing. If you are regularly investing in stocks, the practice becomes part of your budgeting and planning process. Diff: 2 Topic: Stock Investment Strategies AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8) What are the four basic investment questions a potential investor should answer before investing? Answer: Value: Is this a good price for the stock? Quality: Is this firm in a position that will allow profitability in the future? Strengths and Weaknesses: Are this firmʹs strengths and weaknesses likely to get better or worse? Threats and Opportunities: Are this firmʹs threats and opportunities likely to get better or worse? Diff: 2 Topic: Stock Investment Strategies AACSB: Reflective Thinking 9) How do the three common investment strategies differ? Which is good if you want to avoid being killed rather than make a killing in the market? Answer: Dollar cost averaging occurs when you buy a fixed dollar amount of stock at specified intervals to level out the ups and downs of prices. It is the best strategy for avoiding being killed rather than to make a killing. The buy-and-hold idea aims at avoiding timing the market, minimizes brokerage fees and costs, postpones capital gains taxes, and is simple to carry out. A dividend reinvestment plan allows you to accumulate wealth by automatically reinvesting dividends (rather than spend them) without any brokerage fees. Without reinvesting the dividends, your wealth will be limited to the stockʹs capital gains. Diff: 2 Topic: Stock Investment Strategies AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 Investing in Stocks 401 10) Briefly describe the SWOT analysis. Answer: The SWOT analysis is a framework for analyzing a firm or its common stock. The analysis forces you to consider a firmʹs internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats. A benefit of the analysis is that it allows you to better anticipate changes that might occur in the company. Diff: 2 Topic: Stock Investment Strategies AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12.5 Risks Associated with Common Stocks 1) When all stocks move in the same direction, diversification among stocks works just as well as ever. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Market Movements AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) For investors with a long time in front of them, market volatility is not of great concern today. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Market Movements AACSB: Reflective Thinking 3) In the short run, market variability or volatility creates potential risk. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Market Movements AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) By using the risk evaluation tool called beta, you can measure the movement of your individual stock compared to the S&P 500. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) If your stockʹs beta was greater than 1.0 that indicates that your stock is more susceptible to movements in the market. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Stock Valuation AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) If your portfolio is very diversified then the beta is of no use to you. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Risk AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 402 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 7) Beta is the measure of how responsive a stock is to changes in the market portfolios, like the S&P 500. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Diversification AACSB: Information Technology 8) According to the risk-return relationship, commercial paper usually has a higher risk and return than long-term corporate bonds. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Principle 8: Risk and return go hand in hand AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) You and a group of your friends have been discussing your portfolios at the company water cooler. Your discussion has centered on how your stocks are moving up or down in price relative to the market as a whole. Each stockʹs ________ is likely the best measure of the relationship. A) relative index B) beta C) alpha D) delta E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Risk AACSB: Information Technology 10) Because every company is almost certain to experience a bad year or two, holding on to stock for only one year A) is not a very sound investment decision. B) is a very sound investment decision. C) is a good idea for those who may need to liquidate their investment quickly. D) diversifies oneʹs portfolio risk. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 11) Compared to other investment options, we can safely say that investing in stocks A) has equal risk. B) has greater risk. C) has less risk. D) is not worth the risk. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 Investing in Stocks 403 12) In October 2008, most of the major stock indices around the world plummeted in value. The most likely cause for these dramatic events were A) non-systematic risk. B) variable betas. C) systematic risk. D) None of the above are correct. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 13) What would you expect to be associated with a company whose stock has a high beta? A) A high potential return B) A high dividend yield C) A large market capitalization D) All of the above are correct. E) All but C are correct. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Risk AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14) The phrase ________ is sadly appropriate for the actions of some people, as they perceive that investment success rests in making frequent transactions. A) ʺplaying the marketʺ B) ʺtiming the marketʺ C) ʺgo big or lose your homeʺ D) ʺbuy low, sell highʺ Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Investment Information AACSB: Reflective Thinking 15) Discuss the concept of using beta for investing in stocks. Answer: Beta is a mathematical process to quantify or identify an individual stockʹs risk relative to the overall stock market risk. It is a coefficient that amplifies or magnifies the individual stockʹs potential price movements relative to the overall marketʹs price movements. If a stock has a beta of 1.5, then this tells us that if the average or typical stock increased by 10% then this stock should average a 15% increase in its market price. Beta is a function of risk. For investors with a low propensity for risk they should avoid stocks with high beta coefficients. Investors with a willingness to speculate should look for high beta stocks to invest in, realizing that they may lose all or most of their investment. Diff: 3 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 16) Can you explain the risk-return trade-off with common stocks? Answer: Stocks have more risk than other investments, but at the same time have more potential return associated with them. By diversifying your portfolio, you reduce the risk of downs ruining your ups. By diversifying you can diversify away some risk and by holding for the long term they can become even less risky. Diff: 2 Topic: Risk and Return Go Hand in Hand AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 13 Investing in Bonds and Other Alternatives 13.1 Why Consider Bonds? 1) Bonds reduce risk through diversification. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) The par value of the bond is the rate at which payments will be made to the bondholder annually, in the form of interest. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Information Technology 3) The issuer of the bond is effectively loaning money to the bondholder when the bond is purchased. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) If you are already retired and seek additional income, then bonds as an investment choice would be wise. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) Bonds which are very low rated, yet high yielding bonds are known as junk bonds. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) The face value of a bond, or the amount that is returned to the bondholder at maturity is also known as the bondʹs denomination. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 7) Bonds that do not pay interest are known as no-load bonds. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 13 Investing in Bonds and Other Alternatives 405 8) Why might you consider investing in bonds? A) Bonds reduce risk through diversification. B) Bonds produce steady income. C) Bonds can be safe investment if held to maturity. D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 9) Bond issuers may do something very important for the bondholder that increases the probability the debt will be successfully paid off at maturity. The issuer A) establishes a sinking fund. B) sets a fixed interest rate. C) has the bond indentured. D) has the bond deferred. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Sinking Funds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 10) Any bond that is backed by the pledge of collateral is known as what type of bond? A) Collateralized B) Secured C) Recalled D) Sinking E) Agency Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 11) Bonds enjoy all but one of the following advantages. Which is it? A) When interest rates drop, bond prices rise. B) Bonds may be called when interest rates drop. C) They reduce risk through diversification. D) Bonds produce steady income. E) They can be a safe investment if held to maturity. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 406 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 12) You hold in your hands a legal document that provides the specific terms of the loan agreement, including a description of the bond, as well as the rights of the bondholder. You have a(n) A) agency contract. B) bond signatory. C) signatory contract. D) indenture. E) debenture. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Indenture AACSB: Information Technology 13) State or municipal bonds that have interest and par value paid for with funds from a designated project or specific tax are known as ________ bonds. A) Series EE B) life cycle C) revenue D) general obligation E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Maturity AACSB: Information Technology 14) The ________ is the face value of a bond, and the amount that is returned to the bondholder at maturity. A) return price B) par value C) dead price D) market price E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Par Value AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 15) Herman Melville never thought of a bond as being a ________ and that he would be a ________ when securing one until he read about it in his personal finance text. A) lien; borrower B) loan; borrower C) loan; lender D) lien; debenture E) lien; lender Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 13 Investing in Bonds and Other Alternatives 407 16) An unsecured long-term bond is known as a(n) B) indenture. A) bondenture. C) debenture. D) abdenture. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 17) What could happen if you sell a bond before its maturity date? A) You could have a capital gain. B) You could have a capital loss. C) You could break even with the price you paid for the bond. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 18) Which of the following determines what the annual interest payment on a bond will be? A) The par value of the bond B) The maturity date of the bond C) The coupon rate of the bond D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and C are correct. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Coupon Interest Rate AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 19) XYZ company issued bonds three years ago with a 7% coupon rate. Today, the market rate of interest was lowered to 4%. What most likely will happen next? A) XYZ company will lower the par value of their bonds. B) XYZ company will raise the coupon rate of their bonds. C) XYZ company will call their bonds in. D) None of the above is correct. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Calls AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 20) What is the purpose of the sinking fund? A) To force the issuing company to save money to retire the bonds at maturity B) To raise outside capital to sink back into the company C) To cause the coupon rate to increase D) None of the above is correct. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Sinking Funds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 408 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 21) Your friend wants you to seriously consider investing in bonds like she did. Why? Answer: When interest rates decline, the price of bonds rises. Bonds reduce risk through diversification. Bonds also produce steady current income. They can be a safe investment when held for the long term to maturity. Diff: 1 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Analytical Thinking 22) Provide an explanation of the basic bond terminology and features. Answer: A bond has a par value, or face value, which is the amount that will be returned to the bondholder at maturity. Bonds pay a percentage of their par value annually in the form of coupon interest rates. A legal agreement, called an indenture, is created between the issuing firm and the bond trustee who represents the bondholders. Bonds have a call provision to recall bonds when the interest rates drop so the issuer can make more money. To protect the issuer and the investor, a sinking fund may be established by the issuer to set aside money to pay off bonds at maturity. Diff: 1 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Analytical Thinking 23) What is the purpose of the call provision on some bonds? Answer: Many times the issuing company needs to raise outside financial capital when the market rates of interest are high, forcing the company to offer a high coupon rate to make the bonds attractive. The high coupon rates mean than the company must pay out a large amount of money to the bondholders. The call provision allows the company to refinance their debt at a lower coupon rate meaning they will save money on the coupon payments. When the market rates of interest fall, they can sell new bonds with a lower coupon rate and use the proceeds from the new bond issue to call the older, more expensive bonds. Diff: 2 Topic: Calls AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13.2 Basic Bond Terminology and Features 1) Interest payments on municipal bonds are exempt from federal taxes and state taxes as long as you live in the state in which the bonds were issued. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Municipal Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) An I bond is an accrual-type bond, meaning that interest is added to the value of the bond and paid when the bond is cashed in. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Treasury Securities AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 13 Investing in Bonds and Other Alternatives 409 3) The biggest single payer in the bond market is the U.S. Government. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Treasury Securities AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) An indenture is an unsecured long-term bond. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Indenture AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) A secured bond is one that is backed by collateral. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) A debenture is a long-term bond secured by collateral. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Treasury Securities AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 7) TIPS are treasury bonds for which the par value changes with the consumer price index. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Treasury Securities AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 8) Governments issue savings bonds such as the Series EE bonds in an attempt to meet the investing needs of the small investor. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Treasury Securities AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 9) If the school district wants to build a new high school, they can sell municipal bonds. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Municipal Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 10) Most corporate bonds are tax-free bonds in the state the corporation is based in. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 410 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 11) The largest single player and payer in the bond market A) is corporate America. B) are municipal bond issuers. C) is the U.S. government. D) are foreign firms. E) are schools and county governments. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Treasury Securities AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 12) The long-term bond you own was issued by IBM Corporation and used no collateral. This is an example of a(n) A) unsecured mortgage. B) credit. C) debenture. D) nomenclature. E) none of the above. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 13) You own a(n) ________ certificate, which is a certificate that represents a portion of ownership in a pool of federally insured mortgages. A) interest B) mortgage bond C) collateral D) pass-through E) none of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Predatory Lending AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 14) The bond that you own does not pay any interest. Instead, it is sold at a ʺdiscountʺ from its maturity value. This is a ________ bond. A) no interest B) face discount C) growth D) zero coupon E) none of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 13 Investing in Bonds and Other Alternatives 411 15) If you were considering the purchase of a bond issued by a state, county, or city you would be considering the purchase of a ________ bond. A) state B) municipal C) government hedge D) corporate E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Municipal Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 16) Peter must read the ________, or legal agreement between the firm issuing the bond and the bond trustee who represents the bondholders. A) contract B) indenture C) provisions D) debenture E) prospectus Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Indenture AACSB: Information Technology 17) Randall has $25,000 and is considering investing in bonds. With this amount of start up money he should look into which of the following bonds? A) Agency bonds B) Corporate bonds C) Pass-through certificates D) All of the above would be good choices. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 18) The city of Houston passed a bond issue to build a bridge over the bay. The bond was to have the interest paid by the income generated by charging drivers a toll to cross the bridge. This is an example of a ________ bond. A) collateralized B) cash C) revenue D) general obligation E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Municipal Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 412 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 19) The interest rate carried on agency bonds, such as FNMA and FHLB, is ________ the interest rate on Treasury bonds. A) higher than B) lower than C) usually the same as D) at most half that of E) none of the above Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Predatory Lending AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 20) The advantages of Treasury bonds include A) there is no default. B) they canʹt be called in. C) most interest is free of state and local taxes. D) all of the above. E) only A and C. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Treasury Securities AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 21) Treasury bonds are generally viewed as being risk-free, given the governmentʹs ability to ________ and ________. A) tax people; do volume business B) tax corporations; do volume business C) tax; print more money D) print money; do volume business E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Treasury Securities AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 22) The corporate bond that you own is backed by the corporationʹs Houston, Texas real estate holdings. If the company defaults, these holdings could be liquidated to repay the debt. This is an example of a ________ bond. A) mortgage B) debenture C) liquidation D) credit E) none of the above Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 13 Investing in Bonds and Other Alternatives 413 23) Because there is no default or call risk associated with government bonds, they generally pay ________ rate of interest than other bonds. A) a higher B) a lower C) the same D) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Municipal Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 24) When there are changes in the consumer price index, there is a corresponding change in the par value of A) TIPS. B) Series EE bonds. C) I Bonds. D) Munis. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Treasury Securities AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 25) Brittany has learned in her research that ________ are issued by the FNMA and the FHLB. A) pass-through certificates B) agency bonds C) treasury bonds D) treasury inflation-indexed bonds Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Predatory Lending AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 26) Because junk bonds carry a much higher risk of default, they also carry an interest rate ________ percent above the AAA grade long-term bonds. A) 1 - 2 B) 3 - 6 C) 7 - 9 D) 10 - 12 E) 20 - 25 Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Analytical Thinking 27) ________ bonds are sold electronically, and they are now sold at face value; that is, you pay $50 for a $50 bond. A) Electronic Series EE B) I C) Paper Series EE D) Only A and B Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Treasury Securities AACSB: Information Technology 28) Which of the following starts off with the highest risk bond and ends with the lowest risk bond? A) Municipal, Corporate, Treasury, Junk B) Corporate, Junk, Treasury, Municipal D) Corporate, Junk, Municipal, Treasury C) Junk, Corporate, Municipal, Treasury Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 414 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 29) Which of the following bonds would be appropriate for a retired person seeking a stream of income during retirement? A) U.S. Treasury B) Investment grade corporate bond C) Municipal bond D) All of the above are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 30) One of the problems with most bonds is that their coupon payment is fixed and rising inflation weakens the purchasing power of their coupon payments. Which of the following bonds is the best option during times of high inflation? A) FNMA Agency bonds B) TIPS C) High grade corporate bonds D) High yield speculative bonds Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Treasury Securities AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 31) In the event that a corporation files for bankruptcy, bond trustees have the power to A) issue new bonds. B) recall outstanding bonds. C) sell the corporations secured assets and use the proceeds to pay the bondholders. D) change the interest rate on outstanding bonds. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 32) Outline, with a brief description, the different types of bonds. Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Corporate bonds issued by corporations as either secured or unsecured Treasury bonds risk-free bonds issued by the federal government Agency bonds issued by federal agencies, such as the FNMA and the FHLB Pass-through certificates a Ginnie Mae is a federally insured mortgage Treasury inflation-indexed bonds U.S. series EE bonds savings bonds with variable interest and low denominations Municipal bonds city, county, and state bonds funded by projects and taxes Zero coupon bonds bonds with no interest sold at a deep discount from par value Junk bonds low-rated, high-yield bonds rated BB or lower, mostly from new firms Diff: 2 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 13 Investing in Bonds and Other Alternatives 415 33) Why are the tax implications of investing in bonds more involved than the tax implications of investing in common stock? Answer: Common stock is pretty straight forward when it comes to paying taxes on their returns. With stock, you either have a capital gain or loss and possibly dividend income, both of which are obviously taxable sources of income. With the many different types of bonds, some are taxable bonds and, similar to stocks, you either have a capital gain or loss and interest income, all of which are obviously taxable. However, with U.S. Treasuries, their may be tax liabilities on certain sources of income, either capital gains or rate adjustments with TIPS. Municipal bonds are similar except it also depends on where you live and what State issued the bonds. There may not be a Federal tax liability but there may be different State tax liabilities. Diff: 3 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Reflective Thinking 13.3 Evaluating Bonds 1) Investors require a higher rate of return on bonds with higher bond ratings. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Bond Ratings AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) The yield to maturity for a bond with eight years to maturity, with a face value of $1,000, pays 10 percent annual coupon and currently sells for $1,950, is 5 percent. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Yield AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) The current yield, the coupon rate, and the yield to maturity are equal if the bond sells at par value. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Yield AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) A bondʹs yield is always exactly the same as its coupon interest rate. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Yield AACSB: Information Technology 5) In comparing municipal bonds to other taxable bonds, the comparison must be between equivalent taxable yields. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Taxable Yield AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 416 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 6) A bondʹs coupon interest rate is a factor if its market price. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Yield AACSB: Information Technology 7) Coupon interest is usually paid in quarterly installments. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Coupon Interest Rate AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 8) There is an inverse relationship between interest rates and bond values. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Bond Price AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 9) When a bond is bought at a premium price above its par value, the current yield will be lower than the coupon rate. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Yield AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 10) When a bond is bought at a discount price below its par value, the current yield will be higher than the coupon rate. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Yield AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 11) For a long-term investor, the yield to maturity is the most important yield to determine. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Yield AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 12) Michael Milkman has suggested that you consider the purchase of some bonds that are rated BB or below. He is asking you to purchase ________ bonds. A) junk B) very risky C) high-yield D) All of the above E) Only A and B. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 13 Investing in Bonds and Other Alternatives 417 13) Karyn wants to evaluate some bonds she is contemplating buying. In order to adequately evaluate them, she should check the bond yields, read the bond quotes in a paper, and check the A) par values. B) bond ratings. C) company rating. D) companyʹs performance. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Bond Ratings AACSB: Information Technology 14) A bond rating is really a measure of a bondʹs A) performance. B) yield. C) market value. D) riskiness. E) yield to maturity. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Bond Ratings AACSB: Information Technology 15) Gail used her financial calculator to calculate her bondʹs yield to maturity. Given the following information what was her yield? N = 10; PV = -880.00; PMT = 100; FV = 1000. A) 10.0% B) 8.80% C) 10.18% D) 12.14% E) none of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Bond Price AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) What is the value of a $1,000 par value bond with a 12% annual coupon that will mature in 5 years if the bond is currently priced to yield 10%? A) $955.76 B) $1,000.00 C) $1,075.82 D) $1,158.52 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Bond Price AACSB: Analytical Thinking 17) Using a financial calculator calculate the value of a bond that matures in 20 years with a coupon interest rate of 10%, which is the required rate of return, and a par value of $1,000. A) $100 B) $1,000 C) $1,100 D) $10,000 Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Bond Quotes AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 418 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 18) You have a corporate bond that pays interest every six months. Its par value is $1,000 and it carries a coupon rate of 10%. What is your accrued interest on the bond if it has been four months since interest was last paid? A) $33.33 B) $50.00 C) $66.66 D) $100.00 E) None of the above Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Yield AACSB: Analytical Thinking 19) You are considering the purchase of one of two different bonds, a muni, which currently yields 6%, and a corporate, which currently yields 10%. If you are trying to maximize your return and you are in a 38% tax bracket, which of the following is true? A) The muni bond has a better yield for you. B) The corporate bond has a better yield for you. C) The bonds have identical yields for you. D) There is not enough information to determine which is a better yield for you. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Taxable Yield AACSB: Analytical Thinking 20) Sherman has three bonds with a $1,000 par value that pay a 9% coupon interest rate. How much will he earn every six months? A) $27 B) $90 C) $135 D) $202.50 E) $270 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Coupon Interest Rate AACSB: Analytical Thinking 21) Suppose that you have a bond that has a par value of $1,000 and a coupon interest rate of 9%. Its current price is $950 and it will mature in 7 years. What is the yield to maturity? A) 8.45% B) 9.00% C) 10.03% D) 10.23% Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Yield AACSB: Analytical Thinking 22) A bond has a par value of $1,000, a market price of $300, and a 9% coupon rate. It will mature in 5 years. What is the current yield of the bond? A) 18.89% B) 19.00% C) 21.75% D) 48.27% E) 44.96% Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Yield AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 13 Investing in Bonds and Other Alternatives 419 23) Suppose that you just purchased a $1,000 Treasury Inflation-Indexed Bond which carried an original interest rate of 3.375%. The consumer price index just increased by 5% increasing the par value of the bond to $1,050. What is your interest payment considering this change? A) $31.75 B) $33.75 C) $35.44 D) $50.00 E) $52.50 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Payments AACSB: Analytical Thinking 24) Suppose you just purchased a corporate bond with a par value of $1,000 for $951.25. It carries a 7% coupon rate and will mature in 5 years. What is the yield to maturity? A) 6.14% B) 7% C) 8.23% D) 12% Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Yield AACSB: Analytical Thinking 25) The invoice price of a bond A) is the price you pay if you buy the bond in the secondary market. B) is the quoted price of the bond. C) is the stated price of the bond plus the bondʹs accrued interest. D) all of the above. E) only A and C. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Treasury Securities AACSB: Information Technology 26) Pedro is trying to take advantage of the bond valuation relationships. He has figured out that when you expect interest rates to go up, buy ________ bonds and when you expect interest rates to go down, buy ________. A) government bonds; short-term bonds B) interest-indexed bonds; long-term bonds C) very long-term; bonds with very short-term maturities that are not callable D) very short-term; bonds with very long-term maturities that are not callable E) interest-proof; long-term bonds Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Yield AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 420 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 27) It is a fact that there is a(n) ________ relationship between interest rates and bond values in the secondary market. When interest rates ________, bond prices ________, and when interest rates ________, bond prices ________. A) direct; rise; rise; drop; drop B) direct; rise; drop; drop; rise C) inverse; rise; drop; drop; rise D) inverse; rise; rise; drop; drop E) direct; drop; rise; rise; drop Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Bond Price AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 28) What is the par value of a corporate bond that was issued with an 9% annual coupon, pays $45 in semiannual interest, and is due in 15 years? A) $1,000.00 B) $1,070.23 C) $1,080.00 D) $1,167.33 Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Par Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 29) What is the value of the current yield? A) It allows the investor to determine the coupon payment for the bond. B) It measures the return and changes with the maturity date. C) It allows the investor to compare the bond with alternative investment opportunities. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and C are correct. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Yield AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 30) When a bond is described as AA, what does this refer to? A) A bond that has above average coupon payments B) A bond that has above average yield to maturity C) A bond rating of ʺvery strongʺ capacity to pay interest and principle repayment D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and C are correct. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Bond Ratings AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 13 Investing in Bonds and Other Alternatives 421 31) A bond with a speculative rating will have which of the following characteristics? A) A high coupon yield B) A high yield to maturity C) Double BB or lower rating D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and B are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Bond Ratings AACSB: Information Technology 32) Which of the following is true regarding fluctuations in the prices of bonds? A) When interest rates go up, bond prices go up. B) When interest rates go down, you want to purchase very short-term bonds. C) As interest rates rise, investors demand a higher return on bonds. D) all of the above E) only A and B Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Bond Price AACSB: Analytical Thinking 33) If a bond has a fixed coupon interest rate, the only way for the bond to increase its return to investors is to A) drop in value and sell for less. B) increase in value and sell for more. C) change its coupon interest rate. D) All of the above are correct. Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Bond Price AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 34) A corporate bond with a face value of $1,000 is currently selling at par, and pays an 8% yield to maturity. Which of the following statements concerning this bond is true? A) Its current market price is $1,000. B) Its current semi-annual coupon payment is $40. C) Its current yield is 8%. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only B and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Bond Price AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 422 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 35) Make a list and check it twice to tell how to select a good bond. Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Think how taxes will affect the investment. Keep the inverse relationship in mind. Avoid losers and do not worry about picking winners. Consider only high-quality bonds. Buy when first issued, not in the secondary market. Avoid bonds that are more likely to be called. Match the bondʹs maturity to your investment time horizon. Stick to large issues. Go with Treasury bonds when in doubt. Diff: 2 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Analytical Thinking 36) There are dangers present in bond investing. Tell everyone what they all are. Answer: If interest rates rise, bond prices will fall. When the issuer experiences financial problems, the bondholder may be paid or may lose out. If interest rates fall, rather than experience price appreciation, the bond may be called. If you need to sell your bonds early, you may have a problem selling them at a reasonable price, particularly if they are bonds issued by a small corporation. Finding a good investment outlet for the interest you receive may be difficult and your accumulation will be limited to the bondʹs par value. (You will lose compounding and the time value of money.) Diff: 2 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Analytical Thinking 37) When interest rates rise, bond values drop, and when interest rates drop, bond values rise. Using this inverse relationship, develop a two-part strategy for the bond investor. Answer: When an investor expects interest rates to rise, put money in very short-term bonds. When the investor expects interest rates to decline, purchase very long -term maturities that are not callable. Diff: 2 Topic: Bond Price AACSB: Analytical Thinking 38) How do you determine a bondʹs valuation? Answer: The simplest way is to use a financial calculator. It will add the present value of the interest payments to the present value of repayment of par at maturity. Diff: 1 Topic: Bond Price AACSB: Analytical Thinking 39) Tell what you will find in a bond listing in the Wall Street Journal. Answer: The name of the bond will be listed in the first column in alphabetical order. Next, you will see the current yield, followed by the volume of trading during the previous day. The fourth and fifth columns list the closing price that day and the net change in the closing price from the day before that, respectively. Diff: 1 Topic: Bond Quotes AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 13 Investing in Bonds and Other Alternatives 423 40) How would you go about rating bonds as a possible investment? Answer: Practically speaking, the first thing to consider is the bond rating and how that fits with the investorʹs risk tolerance profile. Second, compare the bond yield, consisting of two parts. Look at the ratio of the annual interest payment to the bondʹs market price, known as the current yield. Also look at the yield to maturity, which is the true yield. If these suit you, next consider the bond rating, which is a reflection of the bondʹs risk and the companyʹs performance. Last, read the quote listings in the Wall Street Journal to see the daily movements. Diff: 2 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Reflective Thinking 13.4 Preferred Stock - An Alternative to Bonds 1) Preferred stock is similar to bonds in that its dividends are of a fixed size and are paid before common stock dividends are paid. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Preferred Stock AACSB: Information Technology 2) If you are the owners of a share of preferred stock then you have voting rights. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Preferred Stock AACSB: Information Technology 3) For an investor looking for capital gains, preferred stock is preferred over common stock. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Preferred Stock AACSB: Information Technology 4) A corporation that issues preferred stock will mostly likely call the stock when the market rates of interest increase. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Preferred Stock AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) A firm can only have one issue of preferred stock available at any one point in time. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Preferred Stock AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) The market price of preferred stock is inversely related to the market rates of interest. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Preferred Stock AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 424 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 7) Corporations receive a tax break on the dividend income from preferred stock. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Preferred Stock AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 8) When a preferred stock requires that all past unpaid preferred stock dividends must be paid before any common stock dividends can be declared, this preferred stock has a ________ feature. A) non-payment B) cumulative C) dividend protection D) risk-minimization E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Preferred Stock AACSB: Information Technology 9) When you are holding preferred stock that you can exchange for a predetermined number of shares of common stock, you are holding ________ stock. A) reissued preferred B) migratory preferred C) convertible preferred D) class B common E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Preferred Stock AACSB: Information Technology 10) If you were to own a stock that offers voting rights and may pay dividends, you would most likely own ________ stock. A) preferred B) common C) mutual fund D) bond-value E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Preferred Stock AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 13 Investing in Bonds and Other Alternatives 425 11) Jacqueline is attempting to determine the value of her preferred stock. She needs to form a fraction with the annual preferred stock dividend on the top and ________ on the bottom. A) market price B) book value C) closing price D) required rate of return E) historical rate of return Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Preferred Stock AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) Kathy Faust was paid all of her past dividends before any common stock dividends were declared. Obviously, she profited from preferred stockʹs ________ feature. A) adjustable rate B) cumulative C) convertible D) multiple issue E) callability Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Preferred Stock AACSB: Information Technology 13) Which of the following best describes preferred stock? A) Like an indenture, it represents a legal obligation to the firm to pay dividends. B) Like common stock, it represents an equity claim on the assets and earnings of the firm. C) Like a bond, it pays out a fixed stream of income ahead of any common stock dividends. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only B and C are correct. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Preferred Stock AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 14) Your required rate of return on company XYZʹs preferred stock is 12%. Their preferred stock pays a fixed annual dividend of $4. A share of XYZ preferred is valued at A) $4.80. B) $33.34. C) $48.00. D) $54.44. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Preferred Stock AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 426 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 15) What are the major differences between preferred stock and common stock? A) Preferred stock dividends are paid out before dividends on common stock can be issued. B) Common stock has voting rights and preferred stock does not. C) Common stock has potentially higher capital gains than preferred stock. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and B are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Preferred Stock AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) What risks are you assuming with preferred stock that you would not have with common stock and bonds? Be specific. Answer: When interest rates rise, the value of the preferred stock drops. When interest rates drop, the value of the preferred stock rises and the preferred stock is called away from the investor. The investor does not participate in the capital gains that common stockholders receive. This investment does not have the safety of bond interest payments, because preferred stock dividends can be passed without the risk of bankruptcy. Diff: 2 Topic: Preferred Stock AACSB: Analytical Thinking 17) Describe the features and characteristics of preferred stock as discussed in your textbook. Answer: I know that a firm can issue multiple classes of preferred stock, each with a different set dividend. The cumulative feature, which gets all of my unpaid dividends in arrears caught up, protects me from omitted dividends. The adjustable rate allows the value of my stock to remain relatively constant. I know that not all stock is cumulative or has an adjustable rate. I can purchase convertible stock that can be exchanged for common stock. I can purchase callable preferred stock, but it may be called in when interest rates drop. Diff: 1 Topic: Preferred Stock AACSB: Reflective Thinking 18) Compare and contrast preferred stock with bonds and common stock. Answer: Preferred stock is often called a hybrid or combination security, leaning more closely toward bonds. It is similar to common stock because it has no fixed maturity date and not paying dividends will not bring on bankruptcy. It is similar to bonds in that its dividends are of a fixed size and are paid before common stock dividends are paid. It also carries no voting rights. Preferred stockholders do not share in any profit growth of the firm, but are limited to their stated annual dividends. This means, just as with a bond, if the firm has a great year and earns a lot of money, your stock dividend does not change. Diff: 2 Topic: Preferred Stock AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 13 Investing in Bonds and Other Alternatives 427 19) Why does preferred stock not have the potential for capital gains like common stock does? Answer: Capital gains represent the earnings growth of a company reflected in the market price of its stock. Preferred shareholders receive preferential treatment in the payment of dividends but these dividends are normally fixed. As the companyʹs profits grow, the preferred dividends do not grow accordingly. The market price of preferred stock is determined by these fixed dividends. The growth in earnings is then passed on to the common stockholders in the form of increased dividends or retained earnings for more growth. Growing earnings leads to increased market demand for the common stock which leads to bigger capital gains potential. Diff: 3 Topic: Preferred Stock AACSB: Reflective Thinking 13.5 Investing in Real Estate 1) The novice investor can easily make big returns investing in real estate. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Real Estate AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) Vacation homes are the most popular of all the direct real estate investments. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Real Estate AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 3) Approximately two-thirds of Americans own their own homes. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Real Estate AACSB: Information Technology 4) The main advantage to investing in real estate is liquidity. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Real Estate AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) According to the Morgan Stanley REIT Index, REITs fell by about 15 percent between March 2007 and March 2009. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: REIT AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 428 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 6) According to the Morgan Stanley REIT Index, REITs fell by about ________ between March 2007 and March 2009. Then between March 2009 and March 2014, the Morgan Stanley REIT Index rose by more than two and a half times, but REITs were still down ________ from their 2007 high. A) 15 percent; 45 percent B) 50 percent; 50 percent C) 75 percent; 30 percent D) 95 percent; 5 percent Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: REIT AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 7) A real estate investment that is most similar to a mutual fund specializing in real estate investment is called a A) real estate agency bond. B) pass-through property bond. C) property trust. D) real estate investment trust. E) none of the above. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Real Estate AACSB: Information Technology 8) What are the disadvantages associated with investing directly in real estate? A) Increasing property taxes and insurance costs B) Large investment of time and energy required C) Illiquidity D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Real Estate AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 9) Provide a list of direct and indirect real estate investments. Which one is best for the average investor? Answer: Direct vacation home, commercial property, apartment, duplex, developed or undeveloped land, speculative building Indirect partnerships that buy and manage property (syndicates) and investment companies that pool the money of many investors and invest in real estate (REIT) The most attractive real estate alternative for the novice is the real estate investment trust or REIT. Diff: 2 Topic: Real Estate AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 13 Investing in Bonds and Other Alternatives 429 13.6 Investing - Speculating - in Gold, Silver, Gems, and Collectibles 1) It is possible to make fortunes dealing in collectibles. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Speculative Investment AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) Gold and precious gems should hold a place in any diversified retirement portfolio. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Speculative Investment AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 3) If an asset doesnʹt earn a return, its value is determined by supply and demand. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Speculative Investment AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) Gold, precious gems, and other collectibles always earn handsome returns. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Speculative Investment AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) Collectibles such as baseball cards and beanie babies can be fun, but one should not expect them to provide for your financial future. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Speculative Investment AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) What is the best strategy recommended in your textbook for collectibles? A) Buy and hold. B) Buy low, sell high. C) Avoid them as an investment. D) Buy high, sell higher. E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Speculative Investment AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 7) Since 1980 the price of gold A) has been fairly constant. C) has steadily fallen. B) has steadily risen. D) has bounced up and down. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Speculative Investment AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 430 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 8) According to your textbook, when you are investing in gold, silver, gems, and collectibles you are actually A) discreetly investing. B) diversifying your investment portfolio. C) hedging. D) speculating. E) none of the above. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Speculative Investment AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 9) Which of the following is not an example of speculative investing as outlined in the text? A) Gold B) Silver C) Stocks D) Precious stones E) Collectibles Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Real Estate AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 10) Alice recently bought dozens of collectable Barbie dolls. What ultimately will determine the investment value of Aliceʹs Barbies when she goes to resell them? A) Its return B) Its cost C) Book value D) Supply and demand E) None of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Speculative Investment AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 11) What, if any, are the pros and cons of speculating in precious metals, precious gems, and collectibles? Answer: When timed correctly, these speculations can provide a nice return and you can escape the cons of other types of investments. The major problem here is that their value is based upon supply and demand and does not generate a return. Sometimes we may be tempted to sink money into these areas because of emotion or greed. It is anybodyʹs guess what might happen to them in the future. Diff: 2 Topic: Speculative Investment AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 13 Investing in Bonds and Other Alternatives 431 12) When is it OK to speculate? Answer: It is OK to speculate when you have some extra money to lose. It is not OK to speculate with money that you canʹt afford to lose because it will interfere with your standard of living or achieving you long term savings and investment goals. Speculating is just liking gambling at a Casino. It can be very exciting and pleasurable when done responsibly with a few extra dollars that you can afford to lose. Sometimes you win but most times you lose most or all of your money. Speculating is just too risky for your important money. Donʹt risk your long term financial security by gambling. Diff: 2 Topic: Speculative Investment AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 13) How can you improve your chances when investing in bonds? Answer: As with investing in common stock, investing in bonds should be preceded by establishing goals. This will determine your asset allocation and how much of your savings should go into bonds. For the sake of diversification, donʹt discount the value of holding some bonds. Their lower interest rates may seem boring when the stock market is riding high, but youʹll appreciate them when they slow the downward spiral of your portfolio during a market downturn. Understand taxes and bonds. While the tax-free nature of municipal bonds is great, bonds arenʹt of value to everyone. Compute the equivalent taxable yield for your tax bracket before you choose them. If you are in a low bracket, you may find that you can earn enough interest with taxable alternatives to pay the taxes and still come out ahead. If you are attempting to avoid state income tax, buy municipals issued by your state of residence. Be aware of the potential downside of bonds. Consider how you would react if interest rates rose and the value of your bonds dropped, and also keep in mind the fact that shorter-term bonds drop less in price when interest rates climb. Letʹs face it: Interest rates are at historical lows, as of 2015, but someday theyʹre going to rise. Diff: 3 Topic: Bonds AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Mutual Funds: An Easy Way to Diversify 14.1 Why Invest in Mutual Funds? 1) Mutual funds provide an inexpensive way for investors to diversify and gain access to professional management. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) Mutual fund shareholders directly own the fundʹs securities. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 3) Mutual funds eliminate the systematic risk through diversification. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) The trade-off for mutual fund diversification is lower-than-market performance. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) Most small investors donʹt have the time, expertise, or desire to do the research necessary to invest in individual stocks therefore mutual funds are a good solution. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) Mutual funds give smaller investors the same ability to diversify and reduce risk as big investors with a great deal of money have. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 7) One disadvantage of mutual fund investments is that they are illiquid. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Mutual Funds: An Easy Way to Diversify 433 8) The potential lower returns on mutual funds versus the potential returns on individual stocks is due to poor performance by the fund managers. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Information Technology 9) By law, all mutual funds must be broadly diversified. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 10) All mutual funds carry the same level of diversification and exposure to risk. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 11) Because mutual funds trade in such large quantities, they pay far more in terms of commissions. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 12) Which of the following is a disadvantage to mutual fund investing? A) On average they underperform the market returns. B) Costs may be high and vary dramatically from fund to fund. C) Not all mutual funds are truly safe. D) You cannot diversify away systematic risk. E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 13) When you own shares in a mutual fund you make money in which of the following ways? A) As the value of all of the securities held by the mutual fund increase, the value of each mutual fund share also increases. B) If a fund receives interest or dividends from its holdings this income is passed on to share holders. C) If the fund sells a security for more than it originally paid for it, the shareholders receive this in the form of capital gains. D) You receive a portion of the commissions that the fund manager charges for trades. E) Only A, B and C are correct. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 434 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 14) Principle 8 tells us that diversification reduces A) risk. B) costs. C) profitability. D) earnings. E) none of the above. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 15) For your investment program, you have occasionally been holding a few stocks that you purchased from various brokers. Based on this, which advantages of mutual funds would be appealing to you? A) Diversification B) Professional management C) Avoidance of bad brokers D) only A and C E) A, B, and C Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 16) Each individual mutual fund hires an investment advisor, generally from the management company, who oversee the particular fund. How is this advisor paid? A) Hourly B) Based on a percentage of the commissions charged on an annual basis C) Based on a percentage of the total value of the fund on an annual basis D) Annually based on the capital gains realized by the fund E) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Information Technology 17) Which of the following is a benefit to investing in a mutual fund? A) Most small investors donʹt have the time, knowledge or desire to do the research necessary to purchase individual stocks. B) Mutual fund transaction fees are considerably lower than the brokerage fees most small investors incur buying and selling individual stocks. C) Most small investors want to be able to invest relatively small amounts of money on a regular basis. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and B are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Mutual Funds: An Easy Way to Diversify 435 18) The investor services that most mutual funds offer include A) bookkeeping services. B) checking accounts. C) automatic systems to add to or withdraw from your account. D) All of the above are correct. E) All but B are correct Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Information Technology 19) Which type of risk can an investor effectively manage by investing in broadly diversified mutual funds? A) Serial risk B) Systematic risk C) Unsystematic risk D) None of the above is correct. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 20) Why would someone want to give serious attention to investing in mutual funds? At the same time, why would you not invest in them? Answer: Mutual funds on the whole serve to level the investment playing field between large and small investors. They offer an inexpensive way to instant diversification, professional management guidance, minimal transaction costs, liquidity, flexibility, many services, avoidance of bad brokers. Mutual funds perform lower than the market does. Sales and annual expense fees can be very costly be selective. Not all mutual funds are truly safe. Systematic risk is still present and taxes are not deferred. Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Reflective Thinking 21) What are the two broad types of risks that are associated with investing? Can you avoid them by investing in Mutual Funds? Answer: The two broad types of risks associated with investing are systemic and unsystemic risks. A broadly diversified Mutual Fund can protect you from unsystemic risk associated with an individual company, industry or country. These funds invest in a broad spectrum of firms, industries and possibly countries to minimize the impact of specific unsystemic risks. A narrowly focused sector fund invests in many firms in the same industry or country. While the risk of a few firms failing is diversified away, the risk of a systemic event effecting the entire industry or country is not diversified away. A new technology, political change, natural disaster or some other broad impact will effect all the investments in the fund. Diff: 3 Topic: Risk AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 436 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 22) Do the advantages of investing in a Mutual Fund outweigh the disadvantages for the average small investor? Answer: A case can be made that the advantages to the small investor far outweigh the disadvantages of investing in mutual funds. The average investor does not have the time, expertise or desire to do the research necessary to invest in individual stocks. They typically donʹt have the money to adequately diversify at realistic costs. They are fairly naive when it comes to market trends, predatory Brokers, and economic impacts on the markets. Mutual Fund Managers are much better suited to succeed in the markets than an individual investor. The services funds provide are invaluable with record keeping and paying taxes. The trick is to find a good Mutual Fund company that provides the selection and services that you need and dollar cost average your investments. Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 23) Briefly explain the three ways to make money when you own shares in a mutual fund. Answer: First, as the value of all the securities held by the mutual fund increases, the value of each mutual fund share also goes up. Second, if a fund receives interest or dividends from its holdings, this revenue is passed on to shareholders in the form of dividends. Third, if the fund sells a security for more than it originally paid for the security, the shareholders receive this gain in the form of a capital gains distribution, generally paid annually. Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Reflective Thinking 14.2 Investment Companies 1) At the beginning of 2014, bond funds–including both municipal and taxable bond funds–made up the largest segment of the $279 billion closed-end fund market. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Bond Fund AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) An equity REIT investment is limited to mortgages on income producing properties. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: REIT AACSB: Information Technology 3) A unit investment trust is a fixed pool of securities, generally municipal bonds, with each unit representing a proportionate ownership in that pool. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Unit Investment Trust AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Mutual Funds: An Easy Way to Diversify 437 4) Shares in open-end mutual funds are actively traded in secondary markets. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Information Technology 5) An open-end mutual fund has a fixed number of shares which are sold by the mutual fund at its inception. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Information Technology 6) When you own shares in a mutual fund, you directly own shares of the companies that make up the fund. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 7) The most common and popular form of mutual fund is an open-end mutual fund. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Information Technology 8) The term ʺopen endʺ mutual fund means that this type of investment company can issue an unlimited number of ownership shares. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Information Technology 9) A closed-end fund trades more like common stock than a mutual fund. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Information Technology 10) A unit investment trust usually invests in ________ and an REIT always invests in ________. A) real estate; agency bonds B) real estate; municipal bonds C) real estate; load mutual funds D) municipal bonds; real estate E) municipal bonds; real estate bonds Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Unit Investment Trust AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 438 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 11) A(n) ________ is a fixed pool of securities, generally municipal bonds, with each unit representing a proportionate ownership in that pool. A) open-end investment company B) closed-end mutual fund C) unit investment trust D) real estate investment trust Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Information Technology 12) A(n) ________ is a mutual fund company that has the ability to issue as many shares as investors are willing to purchase. A) closed-end mutual fund B) share repurchase fund C) open-end mutual fund D) variable share mutual fund E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Information Technology 13) An ________ is a fixed pool of securities, generally municipal bonds. A) earning trust B) unit investment trust C) equity corporation D) asset diversification company E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Information Technology 14) Roberta Cartwright puts money each month into a mutual fund that has very few controls; in that, the managers can invest in whatever they want because this type of fund is not regulated by the SEC. Roberta has a(n) ________ fund. A) open-end B) closed-end C) hedge D) no-load E) back-end load Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Mutual Funds: An Easy Way to Diversify 439 15) Hedge fund managers charge very high fees, generally taking ________ of the assets under management (even when the fund loses money) along with ________ of the profits–and some take even more. A) 1 percent; 10 percent B) 2 percent; 10 percent C) 2 percent; 20 percent D) 5 percent; 25 percent Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Reflective Thinking 16) Former hedge fund manager Bernie Madoff ran a Ponzi scheme, in which he took money from new investors and used that money to pay earlier investors, all the while pocketing most of the money for himself. In the end, Madoff lost around ________ of his investorsʹ money and ended up behind bars.ʺ A) $100 million B) $5 billion C) $25 billion D) $50 billion Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Reflective Thinking 17) Which of the following funds would be the most appropriate investment for the average small investor? A) No-load open-end fund B) No-load closed-end fund C) Front-end load fund D) Back-end load fund Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 18) Compare and contrast open-end and closed-end mutual funds. Answer: Open-end funds can literally issue as many shares as investors want. The fund grows and shrinks as shares are bought by investors and sold by the same. The value of all the investments determines how much each share in the fund is worth. On the other hand, a closed-end fund only sells shares once. After that, investors must conduct trading among themselves. This fund determines the value of each share by the value of the investments that the fund holds and investorsʹ demand for the shares in the fund. Diff: 1 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Analytical Thinking 19) In what ways do unit investment trusts and real estate investment trusts resemble mutual funds? Answer: UITs are a pool of investments, generally municipal bonds, and REITs are also a pool of investments, in this case made up of a diversity of real estate holdings. Investors buy shares just as they do in mutual funds. Like mutual funds, these two investments are not limited only to the wealthy. Diff: 2 Topic: Unit Investment Trust AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 440 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 14.3 Calculating Mutual Fund Costs and Returns 1) 12b-1 fees are marketing expenses for the mutual fund that are passed on to the fund shareholders. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Mutual Fund Cost and Fees AACSB: Information Technology 2) A mutual fund that does not charge a commission on your ownership shares is referred to as a load fund. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Mutual Fund Cost and Fees AACSB: Information Technology 3) ʺClassesʺ of mutual funds have different fee arrangements attached to them. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Cost and Fees AACSB: Information Technology 4) Sometimes, when you purchase shares directly from the mutual fund company itself, there will not be a sales load. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Cost and Fees AACSB: Information Technology 5) Mutual funds charge high sales loads because their potential returns are much higher than the returns for individual stocks. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Cost and Fees AACSB: Information Technology 6) Back-end load mutual funds charge a commission when the investor sells the mutual fund. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Cost and Fees AACSB: Information Technology 7) Mutual fund fees and expenses will negatively affect the return you receive on your investment. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Cost and Fees AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Mutual Funds: An Easy Way to Diversify 441 8) A mutual fundʹs expense ratio compares the fundʹs expenses to its total assets. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Cost and Fees AACSB: Information Technology 9) Net asset value is determined by taking the total market value of all the securities held by the mutual fund, subtracting out any liabilities, and dividing the result by the number of shares outstanding. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Net Asset Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) All distributions from a mutual fund, whether paid out or reinvested, are taxable in the year in which they occur. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Mutual Fund Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 11) When you own shares of a mutual fund, you can choose to have the dividend and capital gains distributions paid directly to you in the form of cash or you can choose to have them reinvested into additional shares of the fund itself. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Mutual Fund Returns AACSB: Information Technology 12) Which of the following statements is true regarding mutual fund load charges? A) Load funds perform better than no-load funds. B) Back-end load funds perform better than no-load funds. C) Load funds perform more poorly than back-end load funds. D) No-load funds perform just as well as load funds. E) None of the above Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Cost and Fees AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 442 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 13) Tabitha is just beginning to develop her financial portfolio. She does not want to pay commissions to purchase shares in mutual funds, as her friend you would advise her to invest her dollars in ________ funds. A) load B) front-load C) back-load D) no-load E) side-load Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Mutual Fund Cost and Fees AACSB: Information Technology 14) A mutual fund that does not charge a commission to own its shares is called a A) free issue fund. B) market fund. C) no-load fund. D) no-charge fund. E) free-load fund. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Mutual Fund Cost and Fees AACSB: Information Technology 15) When comparing which mutual fund to invest in, which of the following would be important to consider? A) Load B) Net asset value C) Expense ratio D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Cost and Fees AACSB: Information Technology 16) Which of the following are passed on to fund share holders through 12b-1 fees? A) Commissions B) Advertising expenses C) Promotional fees D) Only B and C E) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Cost and Fees AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Mutual Funds: An Easy Way to Diversify 443 17) Which of the following will affect your capital gains liability? A) Turnover ratio B) Changes in net asset value C) Expense ratio D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and B are correct. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Cost and Fees AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 18) The ________ is the value of the mutual fundʹs holdings, minus any debt, divided by the number of shares outstanding. A) net worth B) market value C) tangible value D) net asset value E) none of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Net Asset Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 19) Total returns on mutual funds can be calculated by adding dividends distributed, capital gains distributed, and ________ and dividing this sum by the beginning NAV. A) beginning NAV - ending NAV B) ending NAV - beginning NAV C) dividends undistributed + capital gains undistributed D) beginning NAV + ending NAV E) ending NAV + beginning NAV Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking 20) What is the total return for a mutual fund with the following characteristics? beginning NAV ending NAV dividends distributed capital gains distributed A) 29.71% = $55.82 = $70.52 = $2.25 = $3.50 B) 30.82% C) 32.26% Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. D) 36.64% 444 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 21) Zippo Mutual Fund is one of your best performers. It just announced a year-end distribution of $2.50 per share in capital gains and $4.25 in dividends. Assuming the NAV increased from $31.50 to $43.75, calculate your total annual return. A) 60.32% B) 46.87% C) 26.95% D) 24.53% Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking 22) You purchased 100 shares of Gibraltar Strength Fund for $20.50 per share. As a result of distribution reinvestment you currently own 120 shares with a NAV of $22.75 per share. What is your total return? A) 16.67% B) 20.00% C) 24.91% D) 33.17% Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking 23) Suppose that the current value of all of a mutual fundʹs holdings is determined to be $750 million. The fundʹs liabilities are $125 million and it grew at 20% from last year. It currently has 45 million shares outstanding. What is the fundʹs NAV? A) $12.00 per share B) $13.89 per share D) $16.80 per share C) $14.40 per share Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Net Asset Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 24) You purchased 100 shares of a fund for $15.50 per share. Its current NAV is 20.75 per share. There were no distributions. What is your total return? A) 33.87% B) 22.33% C) 79.67% D) 25.51% Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking 25) You purchased 100 shares of Gibraltar Strength Fund for $12.75 per share. Its current NAV is 18.75 per share. There was a total of $0.25 in dividends and $0.75 in capital gains distributed. What is your total return? A) 32.00% B) 37.33% C) 47.06% D) 54.90% Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Mutual Funds: An Easy Way to Diversify 445 26) What does the following mathematical expression yield? (total market value of all securities liabilities) divided by (total shares outstanding) = A) asset value. B) net value. C) net asset value. D) net return value. E) asset return value. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Net Asset Value AACSB: Analytical Thinking 27) You purchased 1,000 shares of fund ABC for $35.00 NAV per share. You elected the dividend reinvestment plan and had all dividend and capital gains distributions reinvested in additional shares. You just closed your account and sold 1,100 shares for $30 NAV. What was your total return on this investment? A) -6.06% B) -5.71% C) 5.71% D) 6.06% Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking 28) You purchased 500 shares in a mutual fund for $32 NAV. You elected the dividend reinvestment plan and had all dividend and capital gains distributions reinvested in additional shares. You just closed your account and sold 550 shares for $48 NAV. What was your total return on this investment? A) 24.03% B) 34.29% C) 50.86% D) 65.00% Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Returns AACSB: Analytical Thinking 29) Explain what the three ʹclassesʹ of a mutual fund shares are all about. Answer: There is actually only one mutual fund but you can purchase shares in this fund several different ways. Depending on how you purchase the share, there may be different loads or sales commissions associated with the purchase or redemption of the share. Class A shares can be purchased directly from the Fund itself or through an Agent like a Financial planner. Class A shares have a front-end load or commission that comes right off the top of your purchase. Class B shares are typically sold by a Stock Broker. They do not have a front-end load so your entire investment is placed into your account. If you withdraw money before a certain date, then there is a back-end load applied to your withdrawal. Class C funds are the least attractive since they have both a front-end and back-end load plus higher fees. Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 446 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 30) Explain how sales loads and fund expenses can negatively impact your return on investment in a mutual fund. Answer: The sales load and fund expenses are subtracted out of your account which means you have less of your money available or fewer shares available to grow and earn a return. For example, if you invest $1,000 into a 5% front -end load fund, $50 is subtracted off the top leaving only $950 in the account. If your account grows to $1,500 by the end of the year, and the fund expenses are 2%, then they will remove another $30 from your account balance. With this example, if the total gross return on your money was 12%, after the load and expenses your net return would be much less. Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Cost and Fees AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 31) Briefly describe the cost involved in mutual funds. Answer: A mutual fund has either a sales commission or no sales commission involved. Funds are either a no-load fund, a load fund, or a back-end load, the load being the commission. A mutual fund can also charge management, marketing, and trading fees. Diff: 1 Topic: Fees AACSB: Information Technology 32) Explain how a dividend reinvestment plan is similar to compounding and the time value of money. Answer: With compounding, the interest you earned from previous periods earns interest in the current period. As time progresses, the interest earning interest becomes a substantial part of your future value. By reinvesting all dividend and capital gains distributions into additional shares of the fund, you are basically compounding these new shares which will earn more distributions, additional new shares, and this reinvesting will make up a substantial portion of the future value of your total investment. Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Returns AACSB: Reflective Thinking 33) What are the tax liabilities concerning investing in a mutual fund? Answer: There may be a tax liability due on the current dividend and capital gains distributions made during the current tax year. Taxes on these distributions are due regardless if you received the distributions in cash or reinvested them in additional shares. In addition to taxes on distributions, there is also a potential capital gains tax on the increase in NAV from the purchase to the sale. One of the great benefits of investing in most large Mutual Fund Companies is they provide shareholders with an end of the year 1099 tax statement that shows all distributions and capital gains for the previous tax year. Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Returns AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Mutual Funds: An Easy Way to Diversify 447 14.4 Types and Objectives of Mutual Funds 1) Exchange traded funds are mutual funds that trade on an exchange just like individual securities and can be bought or sold throughout the trading day. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Exchange Traded Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) A sector fund is a mutual fund that tries to maximize the degree of diversification. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 3) Tax-exempt money market mutual funds invest in only very short -term municipal debt. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Money Market Mutual Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) Money market mutual funds invest primarily in the stocks of publicly traded companies. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Money Market Mutual Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) Sixty-five percent of Sallyʹs mutual funds are invested in environmentally friendly companies. We can assume Sally has invested in sector funds. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) Stock market mutual funds are not very popular and consumers tend to invest in them the least. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 7) A bond mutual fund is an appropriate choice for an investor with an income goal. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 8) An aggressive growth fund is an appropriate choice for an investor looking for capital gains. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 448 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 9) Brian and Kallie are looking for investments that provide steady income to live on, moderate growth in capital, and moderate stability in their investments. They should look into balanced mutual funds. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 10) An index fund is a great choice for those who want to ʺbeat the market.ʺ Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 11) For an investor with little time or desire to follow the markets, a life cycle fund would be an appropriate choice for their retirement savings. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 12) By law, a bond fund may not invest in international securities. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 13) An ETF provides better diversification than investing in individual company stocks. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Exchange Traded Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 14) With target retirement funds the only decision you have to make is when you plan to retire. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Funds AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 15) An ETF provides similar services to an investor to those that a mutual fund investment provides. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Exchange Traded Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Mutual Funds: An Easy Way to Diversify 449 16) One of the most valuable mutual fund services available is automatic reinvestment of cash flows. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Services AACSB: Information Technology 17) Once you open a mutual fund account, you can use EFT to have money directly withdrawn from your bank account to pay yourself first. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Services AACSB: Information Technology 18) Money market mutual funds have check writing privileges. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Services AACSB: Information Technology 19) According to the Keown book, ________ are by far the most popular funds, accounting for more than half of all mutual funds. A) equity funds B) bond funds C) hybrid funds D) money market funds Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Reflective Thinking 20) One type of mutual fund does not endeavor to achieve the goals of a balance of bonds and stock or growth, income, and stability. Instead, it focuses on personal characteristics, such as age and risk tolerance, and your position in the financial life cycle. This is the A) index fund. B) sector fund. C) growth and income fund. D) balanced fund. E) life cycle fund. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 450 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 21) Money market mutual funds A) are very risky investments. B) require significant investments, so are out of reach of the common investor. C) carry no loads. D) None of the above. E) Both A and B are correct. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Money Market Mutual Fund AACSB: Analytical Thinking 22) Bonnie and James are retired. They wish to continue to invest in their portfolio and are seeking income instead of growth. Which should they invest in? A) Growth funds B) Bond funds C) Sector funds D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and C are correct. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 23) Of the different types of mutual funds, ________ are by far the most popular, and now account for half of all mutual funds. A) money market mutual funds B) stock mutual funds C) balanced mutual funds D) asset allocation funds E) bond funds Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 24) If you want to invest only in the telecommunications industry, which fund would be appropriate for you? A) S&P 500 Index fund B) Telecommunications sector fund C) Telecommunications ETF D) Telecommunications money market fund E) Both B and C are correct. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Mutual Funds: An Easy Way to Diversify 451 25) Life cycle funds A) are designed for people with at least 20 years until retirement. B) require you to decide how to allocate your investment among stocks, bonds, and money market instruments. C) grow less conservative as your retirement date nears. D) try to tailor their holding to the investorʹs individual age, and risk tolerance. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 26) A balanced mutual fund is aimed at investors who want A) steady income to live on. B) moderate growth in capital. C) moderate stability in their investments. D) all of the above. E) none of the above. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 27) Which of the following funds protect you from systematic risk? A) S&P 500 Index fund B) Growth fund C) Balanced fund D) All of the above E) None of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Risk AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 28) What are the differences between an ETF and a mutual fund? A) An ETF can be traded like a share of common stock. B) An ETF can be purchased on margin or sold short like a share of common stock. C) An ETF is more tax-efficient than most mutual funds. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Exchange Traded Fund AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 452 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 29) Which of the following services do ETFs offer? A) Automatic reinvestment of dividends, interest, and capital gains B) Bookkeeping and tax help C) Phone and Internet switching D) All of the above E) None of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Exchange Traded Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 30) One of the advantages of municipal bond funds is that A) they may be exempt from state taxes. B) the interest is generally exempt from federal taxes. C) they are all no-load funds. D) both A and B are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 31) For an investor with some speculative money to invest, which fund would be an appropriate choice for potentially large returns? A) Junk bond fund B) Aggressive growth fund C) High technology sector fund D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 32) Bond funds differ from individual bond purchases in that A) bond funds offer less liquidity than individual bonds. B) with a bond fund, you donʹt get professional management. C) the bond fund doesnʹt mature as individual bonds do. D) all of the above. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Mutual Funds: An Easy Way to Diversify 453 33) Donel is investing in a mutual fund that really is not as diversified as other funds. It may enjoy good capital gains but is also much riskier when it comes to unsystematic risk. This fund is called a(n) ________ fund. A) growth-and-income B) sector C) life cycle D) asset allocation E) bond Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 34) The mutual fund that invests in Treasury bills and very short-term notes and is considered practically risk free is the A) stock fund. B) bond fund. C) balanced fund. D) life cycle fund. E) money market fund. Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic: Money Market Mutual Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 35) Which of the following mutual fund services is similar in concept to compounding and the time value of money? A) Dollar cost averaging B) Automatic reinvestment C) Funds express options D) Internet switching Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Services AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 454 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 36) Why are stock mutual funds so popular? Briefly outline the highlights of each type of fund. Answer: There is a stock mutual fund for almost every need about 6,000 in all. They serve many purposes as follows: 1. Aggressive growth funds try to maximize capital appreciation while ignoring income; they are risky with wide price swings. 2. Small-company growth funds are aggressive funds in undiscovered companies with potentially unlimited future growth. 3. Growth funds are similar to aggressive funds but pay more attention to strong firms that pay dividends. 4. Growth-and-income funds attempt to provide a steady stream of income and have some potential for increasing value. 5. Sector funds try to capture the advantage of a single industry; they are risky and lose the diversity advantage. 6. Index funds buy stocks that make up the S&P 500, which is good for those who want to mimic the market rather than beat it at low cost. 7. International funds seek to diversify and grow by focusing on general world regions or foreign companies with abnormal growth potential regardless of location. Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Reflective Thinking 37) There are dissimilarities between U.S. government, GNMA, municipal, and corporate bond funds. Please point them out. Answer: The major difference stems from the bond vehicle. U.S. government bonds invest in securities issued by the federal government. GNMA bonds specialize in pools of residential mortgages. Municipal funds are generally exempt from some form of taxes and invest in municipalities, such as cities, counties, and states. Corporate funds invest in various for-profit corporations and have the potential for defaulting. Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 38) Compare the investment vehicles and tax treatment of tax-exempt and government securities money market mutual funds. Answer: The tax-exempt fund invests only in very short-term municipal debt, while the government securities fund invests solely in U.S. government securities. The former is exempt from federal income taxes, while the latter is not. Diff: 2 Topic: Money Market Mutual Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 39) How is an asset allocation fund different from a balanced mutual fund? Answer: Asset allocation funds seek to time the market by moving money between stocks and bonds. These attempts may cost more and therefore diminish returns. Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Mutual Funds: An Easy Way to Diversify 455 40) Prepare a case for investing in a bond fund versus individual bonds. Answer: A bond mutual fund suits the small investor as well as the large investor. You can begin with as little as $1,000 and add more later in smaller amounts. The funds offer more liquidity than individual bonds, and on top of that you get professional management. Rather than receiving a semiannual check as with bonds, you can choose a monthly check or reinvest back into the fund. The bond fund does not mature; it is virtually perpetual and carefree. Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Information Technology 41) What is the purpose of a Target Retirement fund and who would benefit from it? Answer: A target retirement fund is designed to make sure that an individual is properly diversified based on how much longer they have until retirement. A younger personʹs fund would have a greater percentage of common stocks verses bonds because they have enough time remaining to be exposed to more risk. As a person nears retirement age, the fundʹs managers automatically change the make-up of the investments in the fund to more conservative, less volatile investments more appropriate for someone needing their money fairly soon. These types of funds are ideal for the average person who does not have the time, expertise or desire to put in the effort necessary to manage their own monies. With these funds, a person just states what year they plan on retiring and then set up automatic payments and everything else is decided by professional investment managers. Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Analytical Thinking 42) What are the advantages of index funds? Answer: Index funds are set up to mimic or duplicate the stocks found in a market index like the S&P 500 or or Dow Jones Industrials. They are called passively managed funds because it does not take any expertise to select the stocks from the index, these funds do not require high paid managers or have a lot of trading costs or other expenses associated with a actively traded fund. Because of the low costs, most index funds are no -load funds with very low expense fees. Because of the efficient markets, it is very difficult for an actively traded fund to consistently beat the market indexes over time. For a typical, dollar cost averaging, buy and hold investor, the index funds are a very good choice for their important savings. Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Classifications AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 456 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 43) What are ETFs and what are their advantages? Answer: An ETF is a hybrid type investment that mimics the diversification of a mutual fund but enjoys the flexibility of an actively traded share of common stock. Most ETFs follow an underlying index, similar to an index fund. The main advantages of an ETF is that you donʹt need to open up a special account or have a minimum deposit for an account. If you already have a trading account you can purchase shares of an ETF just like shares of any common stock. You can actively trade the ETF anytime of the day taking advantages of market movements. You can trade ETFs using margin and short selling. Because of their nature, the tax liability for capital gains comes upon the trade only and is much less complex than the potential tax liability of mutual funds. Diff: 2 Topic: Exchange Traded Fund AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14.5 Buying a Mutual Fund 1) The process of buying a mutual fund involves determining your investment goals, identifying funds that meet your objectives, and evaluating those funds. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Goals AACSB: Reflective Thinking 2) To obtain information about mutual funds you must always pay a fee. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Sources of Information AACSB: Information Technology 3) Mutual funds sold by a bank are insured by the federal government. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) When screening mutual funds,two of the best websites are: Morningstar and Yahoo!Finance. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Sources of Information AACSB: Information Technology 5) A source of third-party information like Morningstar or Yahoo! Finance is typically biased towards certain mutual fund companies. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Sources of Information AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Mutual Funds: An Easy Way to Diversify 457 6) When selecting a mutual fund, since past performance doesnʹt necessarily predict future results, you donʹt need to look at the fundʹs past performance. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Sources of Information AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) You may be charged a small transaction fee when you buy no load funds through a ʺmutual fund supermarket.ʺ Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Sources of Information AACSB: Information Technology 8) The No. 1 predictor of mutual fund performance is ʺlooking at the mutual fundʹs costsʺ; the lower they are, the better the predicted performance. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund Cost and Fees AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) Bernie has followed the three steps to begin mutual fund investing and is ready to make the purchase. What are his choices in buying? A) Use a broker. B) Use a financial advisor. C) Buy direct. D) Buy through a mutual fund supermarket. E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Sources of Information AACSB: Information Technology 10) Why is it important to determine what investment goals you are trying to achieve before you invest in a mutual fund? A) The mutual fund company may attempt to change your goals to meet their fund offerings. B) You must provide the mutual fund company with your defined goals before they allow you to purchase shares. C) You must look for a mutual fund with the same or similar investment goals that you have in order to find an appropriate fund. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and B are correct. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Goals AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 458 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 11) What sources of information does Art Keown, your textbook author, recommend when researching mutual fund investing? A) Yahoo! Finance B) The Wall Street Journal C) MoneyCentral D) Morningstar Mutual Funds E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Sources of Information AACSB: Reflective Thinking 12) A mutual fund ________ provides a description of the mutual fund including the fundʹs objectives and risk, its historical performance, its expenses, managerʹs history and other information. A) prospectus B) prospector C) debenture D) indenture Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Sources of Information AACSB: Information Technology 13) What information can an investor find in the prospectus of a mutual fund? A) The fundʹs goal and investment strategy B) The fund managerʹs past experience C) The fundʹs 12b-1 fees D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and B are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Sources of Information AACSB: Information Technology 14) Investment companies are required by law to offer a prospectus to prospective investors. Let your instructor know which 5 parts you think are the most important and why. Answer: The fundʹs goal and investment strategy is important because I want it to align with my own personal goal and strategy. The fundʹs manager must have a good track record of successful performance or I will not invest. I must know what the distribution options are to see if they will meet my needs. I want to take advantage of all of the services offered to get the most out of my mutual fund. Last, I want to know the fundʹs performance since inception. Letʹs face it, if it hasnʹt done well I donʹt need it. Diff: 2 Topic: Prospectus AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Mutual Funds: An Easy Way to Diversify 459 15) What are the four choices for purchasing a mutual fund? Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. broker financial advisor buy direct mutual fund supermarket Diff: 1 Topic: Sources of Information AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) Provide a list of sources of information to evaluate mutual funds. Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Morningstar Mutual Funds The Wall Street Journal Yahoo! Finance MoneyCentral The Mutual Fund Prospectus Diff: 1 Topic: Sources of Information AACSB: Information Technology 17) What steps would you advise someone to go through when buying a mutual fund? Answer: First, determine your investment goals. Second, identify funds that meet your objectives. Third, evaluate the fund. Diff: 2 Topic: Mutual Fund AACSB: Analytical Thinking 18) According to the Keown book, mutual funds are a great way to invest. Once you have the minimum amount saved–about $3,000 for most Vanguard mutual funds–itʹs time to start investing. What are a few factors to keep in mind? Answer: Goals. Set up your investment plan to meet your goals. Put your plan on autopilot. The easiest way to save is to never see the money in the first place. Just about every mutual fund allows you to have money automatically pulled from your checking account each month and invested in the mutual fund of your choice. Paying yourself first, as itʹs called, always makes sense. Taxes. As you invest, keep your tax situation in mind, because mutual funds pass along taxable income from their investments in the form of dividends and capital gains–and even if your money remains invested in the mutual funds, there might be taxes to pay. Taxes when you move money. When you move money from one fund to another, even within the same fund family, the IRS looks at the movement as a sale and a purchase and assesses taxes on any gain from the sale. The losers. While itʹs hard to pick winners, itʹs much easier to pick losers. If a fund has done poorly in the past, chances are it will do poorly in the future. Take the time to check out the past performance of a fund you are interested in. Costs, costs, costs. Keep your costs down, as lower-cost mutual funds tend to do better than higher-cost funds. Read the fine print. Watch for commissions, maintenance, and other fees that eat away at your money! Diff: 3 Topic: Mutual Funds AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15 Retirement Planning 15.1 Social Security and Employer-Funded Pensions 1) The size of your Social Security benefits are determined by your number of years of earnings, your average level of earnings, and an adjustment for inflation. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Social Security AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) An employeeʹs Social Security contributions are invested in a general fund account and will be made available for the employee at retirement. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Social Security AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 3) Social Security is a plan where current workersʹ contributions pay for current retireeʹs benefits. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Social Security AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) The Federal Insurance Contributions Act isnʹt an investment, but rather a mandatory insurance plan that one pays into through salary deductions. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Social Security AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) Social Security is a health care, retirement, disability income, and life insurance plan. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Social Security AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) Robin was born after 1960, therefore, the retirement age for her to receive full Social Security benefits is 65. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Social Security AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15 Retirement Planning 461 7) For most people, there is really no reason to save for retirement since Social Security will provide retirement benefits until you die. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Social Security AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 8) Most employees in the United States today are covered by an employer funded defined -benefit plan. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Defined Benefit Retirement Plan AACSB: Information Technology 9) Under a funded pension plan, the employer makes regular contributions to a trustee who collects and invests the retirement funds. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan AACSB: Information Technology 10) One of the drawbacks to defined-benefit plans are their lack of portability, meaning that if you leave the company the value of the pension is not likely to go with you. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Defined Benefit Retirement Plan AACSB: Information Technology 11) Today, the typical American worker will receive a defined-benefit retirement plan from their employer. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Defined Benefit Retirement Plan AACSB: Information Technology 12) Under a defined benefit plan you receive a promised or ʺdefinedʺ benefit payout at retirement. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Provisions AACSB: Information Technology 13) Which of the following benefits is not provided by Social Security? A) Death B) Disability C) Education D) Health E) Retirement Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Social Security AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 462 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 14) Which of the following statements is true regarding Social Security retirement benefits? A) It attempts to replace 42% of your average earnings. B) Not all occupations are covered. C) Some peopleʹs benefits may be taxed. D) You may retire beginning at age 62 with reduced benefits. E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Social Security AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 15) Social Security is a mandatory insurance program that provides a base level of protection for all of the following occurrences except one. Choose that one. A) Death B) Disability C) Health problems D) Retirement E) Job loss Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic: Social Security AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 16) Social Security is a system where current workersʹ pay taxes that are used to pay current retireesʹ benefits. How is Social Security funded? A) Income taxes by all Americans B) Payroll taxes on employees up to a salary cap C) Payroll taxes on employers up to a salary cap D) All of the above are correct. E) Only B and C are correct. Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic: Social Security AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 17) To be eligible for Social Security benefits, you receive one credit for every $1,200 in wages that you earn, up to 4 credits per year. How many total credits do you need to qualify for benefits? A) 4 B) 20 C) 30 D) 40 Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Social Security AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15 Retirement Planning 463 18) The system of Social Security is based on young working people paying taxes to support older retired people. The dependency ratio is the number of workers to retirees. Forty years ago it was 16 workers for every one retiree. What will happen to this ratio by the year 2048? A) It will reverse so that there will be more retirees than workers. B) It will increase, because there will be more young workers than retirees. C) It will decline to 2 workers for every 1 retiree. D) Nothing, since the ratio of young people to old people does not change. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Social Security AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 19) How is the size of a personʹs Social Security retirement benefits determined? A) It depends on the number of credits earned in a personʹs lifetime. B) It depends on the average level of earning over a personʹs lifetime. C) It depends on the number of years a person has paid Social Security taxes. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only B and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Social Security AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 20) Many older companies have changed from a defined-benefit plan to a(n) ________, which is a retirement plan where workers are credited with a percentage of their pay each year, plus a predetermined rate of interest. A) funded pension plan B) cash balance plan C) unfunded pension plan D) percentage plus inflation plan E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan AACSB: Information Technology 21) Your company pays retirement benefits to current retirees out of current earnings, on a pay-as-you-go basis. This is an example of a(n) A) unfunded pension plan. B) funded pension plan. C) cash balance plan. D) none of the above. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 464 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 22) When an employer makes pension fund contributions directly to a trustee who holds and invests those funds, the plan is said to be a(n) A) defined-contribution plan. B) funded pension plan. C) unfunded pension plan. D) cash balance plan. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan AACSB: Information Technology 23) Frank is considering a new job. However he is concerned about his pension fund. He knows that ________ which is the requirement that he must work for his firm for a specified period of time prior to gaining ownership of the retirement contributions made by his employer has to be met first. A) tenuring B) certifying C) vesting D) validating E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Provisions AACSB: Information Technology 24) If your pension fund contained a provision that allowed employees who were leaving the company to retain and transfer any pension benefits earned to another pension plan, it would be said to have A) transference. B) releasability. C) transportance. D) portability. E) none of the above. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Provisions AACSB: Information Technology 25) With a ________, you, and usually your employer, pay funds into your retirement plan. A) deducted-benefit plan B) noncontributory retirement plan C) contributory retirement plan D) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15 Retirement Planning 465 26) A ________ is defined by the fact that your employer provides all the funds for the retirement plan, without any contribution from you. A) defined-benefit plan B) noncontributory retirement plan C) contributory retirement plan D) portable E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan AACSB: Information Technology 27) Which of the following is a problem associated with many defined-benefits programs? A) Lack of portability B) Failure to adjust for inflation once payments begin C) Many are unfunded. D) All of the above E) A and C only Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 28) Defined-benefit pension plans are generally ________ and they lack ________. A) contributory; divesting B) noncontributory; divesting C) contributory; portability D) noncontributory; portability E) vested; portability Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan AACSB: Information Technology 29) Why have many companies switched from traditional defined-benefits plans to cash-balance plans? A) They want to shower their employees with money B) Regulatory reform made it necessary. C) They save money with them as a result of reduced future benefits for older workers. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only B and C are correct. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Defined Benefit Retirement Plan AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 466 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 30) How will you access in an accurate manner the amount of your retirement income? Answer: Call Social Security at 800-772-1213 for a Personal Earnings and Benefits Estimate Statement to see what your monthly check will be. Go to your employerʹs benefits office and request a similar statement relative to your retirement. Use a financial calculator or a computer program to calculate all of your investments and savings. Go to the Social Security Administrationʹs on-line website to access additional information. Diff: 1 Topic: Social Security AACSB: Information Technology 31) How does Uncle Sam determine our Social Security monthly retirement check for all practical purposes? Answer: Our number of years of earnings, average level of earnings, and an adjustment for inflation all go into the calculation of our retirement benefit. SS attempts to replace 42% of our average earnings over the working years. Diff: 1 Topic: Social Security AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 32) Explain why we do not invest in Social Security. What are the four basic benefits for those who are qualified? Answer: We actually purchase mandatory insurance, rather than invest, in Social Security. It can provide benefits for death, disability, health problems, and retirement. Diff: 2 Topic: Social Security AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 33) Social Security benefits are very nice to get and help many current retirees live above the poverty line. Why should someone who is 25 years old today not count on receiving the same type of Social Security benefits when they retire in 45 years from now? Answer: The demographics of American society have changed dramatically since when Social Security was created in 1933. The two main problems is the dependency ratio of young workers for every one retiree and the fact that the average life expectancy of retirees is increasing quickly. In 1933 the average life expectancy was 65 years old. The idea that 40 young working families would pay a small amount of taxes to support one retiree for a relatively short period of time. The current life expectancy is increasing meaning current retirees are drawing benefits much longer than expected. This is due to tremendous improvements in lifestyles, diets, health care, medicine and technology. If this trend continues then life expectancies will keep increasing causing serious financial strains on the system as it is now. Plus families are having fewer children causing the dependency ratio of workers to retirees to keep shrinking and is projected to be 2 to 1 in forty years. Some economists believe that the retirement age needs to raised up well past 70 rather than future benefits be reduced. Diff: 3 Topic: Social Security AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15 Retirement Planning 467 34) Relate the pros and cons of defined-benefit plans. Answer: Under a defined-benefit plan you receive a promised pension payout at retirement. Some employers pay for it 100%. The money grows tax-deferred. The employer bears the risk and you are promised the same amount regardless of the market. You may become vested in these plans, which is what you want in the first place. In general, the most that any employee gets is 40% to 45% of his or her before -retirement income. Companies can change their position or policy with little notice. The plans lack portability, that is, the ability to move with you to your new job. Very few of them adjust for inflation and some are not funded. Diff: 2 Topic: Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan AACSB: Reflective Thinking 15.2 Plan Now, Retire Later 1) Because inflation makes goods and services cost more over time, one would be wise to always plan for inflation when planning oneʹs retirement. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) One of the first steps in planning for your retirement is figuring out just what you want to do when you retire. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Reflective Thinking 3) One of the best things about retirement is that retirees donʹt have to pay income taxes once they retire. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) Since the 2000s, the average personal savings rate in the U.S. has decreased. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Saving AACSB: Reflective Thinking 5) According to the Employee Benefit Research Institute, one-third of U.S. households between the ages of 30 and 59 wonʹt have enough money for retirement, even if they work until theyʹre 70. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 468 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 6) As of 2014, the average monthly Social Security benefit for retired workers was A) $959. B) $1,150. C) $1,294. D) $1,677. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Social Security AACSB: Reflective Thinking 7) Suppose that you have estimated that, to provide for your retirement income, you will need $2,250,000 on deposit in your retirement account when you retire. You believe that you will earn an average of 11% on your retirement investments until you retire in 35 years. What must your annual deposits be to accumulate this total? A) $21,991.14 B) $6,586.85 C) $5,904.84 D) $6,878.77 E) None of the above Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8) Like many Americans you know that you must plan your retirement funds carefully because there may be a discrepancy between the funds that you will need to survive on during retirement and the income that you will have available during retirement. What will likely be the relationship between fund needs and income available during retirement for MOST Americans? A) They will match. B) They will be close. C) They will not be close income will be greater than needs. D) They will not be close needs will be greater than income. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 9) You have determined that you will need to accumulate $1,000,000 in your retirement account in order to cover your inflation-adjusted shortfall. Which of the following is closest to the amount of money you would need to put into a tax-deferred retirement account every year if you plan on retiring in 40 years? Assume an 8% average return on this account, and that it is empty today. A) $1,458 B) $3,860 C) $5,957 D) $8,444 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15 Retirement Planning 469 10) ________ of workers feel confident they will have enough money to live comfortably in retirement, only ________ have actually tried to calculate how much they will need when in retirement. A) 50 percent; 33 percent B) 70 percent; 43 percent C) 85 percent; 53 percent D) 90 percent; 73 percent Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Reflective Thinking 11) What investment goals should a person have when determining where to put their 401k monies in their account? Answer: For the younger workers under the age of 55, their goal should be the accumulation of wealth through capital gains. A good diversified portfolio of Index funds, Growth funds and Balance funds would be appropriate choices. Between ages 55 and 65, their goals should change to wealth preservation so they should gradually reallocate their portfolio away from capital gains to less volatile funds like bond funds so that by the time they near retirement they have 70% into Bond funds and 30% into Balanced funds. Once retired, wealth preservation and income are the main goals so they should have a majority of their portfolio in Bond funds and Government Security funds for safety and income. Diff: 3 Topic: Defined Contribution Retirement Plan AACSB: Reflective Thinking 12) Relate the 7 steps to funding your retirement needs. What is the hardest part? Answer: 1. Set realistic and well thought out goals. 2. Estimate how much you will need to meet your goals. 3. Estimate your income available at retirement. 4. Calculate the annual inflation-adjusted shortfall. 5. Calculate funds needed at retirement to cover this shortfall over your entire retirement. 6. Determine how much you must save annually between now and retirement. 7. Put the plan in play and save. The hardest part always seems to be getting started. Diff: 2 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Reflective Thinking 13) Discuss the basic considerations when facing retirement. Answer: Make sure you meet the qualifications to begin receiving payments. Decide on the type of payout you want and its tax consequences. Look at all payout options because you may want a combination payout. Once you receive these funds, make sure you understand investing, diversification, the time dimension of risk, and what you want to do with them. Diff: 1 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 470 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 15.3 Retirement Plans 1) The only difference between a defined-benefit plan and a defined-contribution retirement plan is the tax deduction for the defined-contribution plan. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Defined Contribution Retirement Plan AACSB: Information Technology 2) Under a defined-contribution plan, your employer alone or you and your employer together contribute directly to an individual account set aside specifically for you. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Defined Contribution Retirement Plan AACSB: Information Technology 3) A 401(k) plan is a tax-deferred retirement savings plan in which employees of private corporations may contribute a portion of their wages up to a maximum amount set by law. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Defined Contribution Retirement Plan AACSB: Information Technology 4) The big disadvantage with a defined-contribution plan is that you donʹt know in advance exactly how much money you can plan on for retirement income. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Defined Contribution Retirement Plan AACSB: Information Technology 5) By law, everyone must contribute the maximum amount into their 401(k) plans at work. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Defined Contribution Retirement Plan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) You should take advantage of any matching your company is willing to do for your 401(k). Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Defined Contribution Retirement Plan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) According to the author, 401(k) plans are actually do it yourself variation of a profit-sharing/thrift plan. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Defined Contribution Retirement Plan AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15 Retirement Planning 471 8) The Keogh plan is a retirement plan for individuals who work for large multinational corporations. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 9) It is a good idea to start saving for retirement as early as possible to take advantage of compounding returns on your savings. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Reflective Thinking 10) Individual retirement arrangements (IRAs) are personal savings accounts that give you tax advantages for saving for retirement. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) Anyone can open up an IRA account but not everyone may get tax -advantages from it because there are income limitations. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) Contributions to a traditional IRA are always tax deductible. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 13) If all contributions to your IRA are tax deductible, then all withdrawals from your IRA will be taxed, unless youʹre just moving your money into another IRA. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14) A person may have more than one qualified retirement plan open at the same time. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 472 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 15) A ʹself-directedʹ retirement plan is one in which a plan administrator determines how much your contributions will be and what investment options you will have available. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) With a traditional IRA and a Roth IRA, you can make withdrawals at any time with no penalties. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Information Technology 17) With a Roth IRA, after five years you can make withdrawals before age 59 1/2 without a penalty but you must pay taxes on the withdrawals. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Information Technology 18) The Savers Tax Credit is designed to encourage low to moderate income workers contribute to their retirement accounts. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Reflective Thinking 19) A Coverdell Education Savings Account works just like the Roth IRA for qualified education expenses, except with respect to contributions. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Savings for College AACSB: Information Technology 20) With an IRA your investment choices include stocks, bonds, mutual funds, CDs and real estate. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Information Technology 21) If you have a defined-benefit retirement plan, youʹre considered an ʺinactive participant.ʺ Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15 Retirement Planning 473 22) For someone wanting to minimize the taxes they are paying now, a Roth IRA would be preferable to a traditional IRA. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 23) Contributions to Roth IRAs are tax deductible. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 24) The Roth IRA does not require that distributions begin by age 70 1/2. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 25) One of the advantages to a traditional IRA is that it allows you to make a penalty -free withdrawal to purchase your first home. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Information Technology 26) The main advantage of the Roth IRA over the traditional IRA is the employer matching funds. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 27) A(n) ________ is a tax-deferred retirement plan that is essentially the same as a 401(k) plan, except that it is aimed at employees of schools and charitable organizations. A) 404(a) B) 402(b) C) 403(b) D) 007(a) E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 474 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 28) A(n) ________ is a pension plan in which you and your employer or your employer alone contribute funds directly to a retirement account set aside specifically for you. A) defined-benefit plan B) cash balance plan C) defined-contribution plan D) percentage plus inflation plan E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Defined Contribution Retirement Plan AACSB: Information Technology 29) Brian works for Walmart. Walmart contributes company stock into his retirement account instead of cash. This is called a(n) A) ESOP. B) thrift. C) EFLP. D) stock-contribution plan. E) none of the above. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan AACSB: Information Technology 30) You are participating in a pension plan where the companyʹs contributions vary from year to year, depending on the firmʹs performance. This is an example of a(n) A) variable contribution plan. B) earnings establishment plan. C) performance retirement plan. D) profit-sharing plan. E) none of the above. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan AACSB: Information Technology 31) Burt Reynolds has changed jobs. His last retirement planʹs contributions depended on how well the company performed and he shared in the earnings. His present employer allows him ownership in the firm, although this is the riskiest plan. Burtʹs former plan was a(n) ________ and his current plan is a(n) ________. A) ESOP; money purchase plan B) profit-sharing plan; ESOP C) ESOP; 401(k) D) profit-sharing plan; thrift and savings plan E) ESOP; profit sharing plan Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15 Retirement Planning 475 32) Why does a tax-deferred retirement account accumulate more money than a taxable account, assuming the same amount is contributed every year and the accounts earn the same return every year? A) There are different investment options available for tax-deferred accounts. B) You can take bigger risks with assets that generate higher returns in a tax -deferred account. C) With tax-deferred accounts, there are no income or capital gains tax liabilities on account activity. D) All of the above are correct E) Only A and B are correct. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 33) Why have employers switched to defined-contribution plans instead of defined-benefits plans for most companies? A) They remove the financial risk for future pension costs away from the company and pass it on to the employee. B) The employer doesnʹt want to do any bookkeeping for the retirement plan. C) Employers care deeply about what employees eventually receive from their plan. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and B are correct. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Defined Contribution Retirement Plan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 34) Tran is employed at a company that annually contributes anywhere from 2% up to 12% of his salary into his retirement plan, depending on how good the companyʹs financials were that year. This type of contribution plan is a(n) ________ plan. A) 401(k) B) ESOP C) profit-sharing D) performance Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 35) A(n) ________ retirement plan is one in which the company will contribute shares of company stock into the employeeʹs account in place of a cash contribution. The employee does well if the company stock appreciates in value, but can suffer dramatically if the stock depreciates in value. A) 401(k) stock account B) 403(b) stock account C) ESOP D) stock repurchase plan Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 476 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 36) 401(k) and 403(b) plans are the most common retirement plans these days. What are the big advantages to employees with these plans? A) You donʹt pay taxes on money contributed to 401(k) plans. B) Earnings on your retirement account are tax deferred. C) Many firms contribute an employer match, which represents a 100% risk-free return to the employee. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Defined Contribution Retirement Plan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 37) The difference between a Money Purchase Plan and a Profit Sharing plan is that A) with the Profit Sharing Plan the employee is guaranteed to see profits in their retirement funds. B) with the Money Purchase Plan the contributions are required regardless of how the firm performs. C) Profit Sharing Plans constantly outperform Money Purchase Plans. D) all of the above are correct. E) both A and C are correct. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Defined Contribution Retirement Plan AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 38) Jahwana works for a large corporation with a 401(k) retirement plan. The company matches dollar for dollar the first 5% of the employeeʹs salary contributed to the 401(k). Jahwana currently earns $40,000 in gross salary and she currently contributes 15% of her salary into her 401(k). How much money in dollars is the total contribution to her account every year? A) $2,000 B) $4,000 C) $6,000 D) $8,000 Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Defined Contribution Retirement Plan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 39) Alex works for a company with a 401(k) plan. He currently earns $80,000 in gross salary and contributes 8% of his gross salary into his 401(k) account. If his marginal tax rate is 33%, how much income tax liability is he saving by participating in his 401(k)? A) $6,400 B) $2,112 C) $6,000 D) $16,800 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Defined Contribution Retirement Plan AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15 Retirement Planning 477 40) Erica works for a company with a 401(k) plan. The company matches at $0.50 on the dollar the first 6% of the employeeʹs salary contributed to the 401(k). If Erica earns $90,000 and contributes 12% of her salary, how much will the employer match be in dollars for the year? A) $1,400 B) $2,700 C) $3,500 D) $6,200 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Defined Contribution Retirement Plan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 41) What are the disadvantages of an ESOP retirement plan? A) Your retirement account is not diversified. B) The return on your account is subject to the success of the company. C) If the company files for bankruptcy, the stock in your account could become worthless. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan AACSB: Reflective Thinking 42) Valerie works as a free-lance artist. Her financial advisor suggested she establish a Keogh plan for her retirement. Is this an appropriate suggestion for her? A) Yes B) No Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 43) Of the tax-favored retirement plans for the self-employed and small business employee, one is limited to $52,000 of annual contributions per person. It is the ________ plan. A) Keogh B) SEP-IRA C) SIMPLE D) 401(k) E) thrift Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 44) If you are self-employed or work for a small business which of the following retirement plans would you be most likely to have? A) 403(b) B) 401(k) C) Thrift and savings plan D) Keogh plan E) None of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 478 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 45) Which of the following retirement plans is designed for small businesses? A) SIMPLE plans B) SEP-IRA plans C) ESOP D) All of the above E) Only A and B Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Information Technology 46) What are the advantages to a SIMPLE plan for retirement for the small business owners? A) The plan is very easy to set up. B) The plan works well for small business owners with 100 employees or less. C) The small business owner has some flexibility in determining how much to contribute to the plan. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and B are correct. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Analytical Thinking 47) Rihab just got a new job and wants to roll over her retirement account from her previous job at a large corporation into an IRA. Which of the following is true? A) Doing this avoids the 10% early distribution penalty. B) Rihab should speak to a financial planner to learn make sure she follows the rollover rules to avoid taxes. C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 48) What advantage does the Roth IRA have over the traditional IRA? A) Early withdrawals from a Roth are subject to penalities, so you wonʹt be tempted to dip into your investment. B) Unlike the traditional IRA, with a Roth you donʹt pay taxes while your money is in the IRA. C) With a Roth you take care of taxes ahead of time and end up with more money to spend at retirement. D) Contributions to a Roth IRA are tax deductible. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15 Retirement Planning 479 49) You want to start an Coverdell Education Savings Account for your child. Suppose that you contribute $500 each year to this account for 18 years, starting when he or she is born. If you can earn 8% on the deposits, how much will be on deposit at the end of the 18th year? A) $4,306.38 B) $17,581.05 C) $18,725.12 D) $3,682.89 E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Savings for College AACSB: Analytical Thinking 50) Reggie has two children. He is wanting to put money away for their college education. What type of plan can only be used for college and graduate school, and allows contributions of up to $250,000? A) 403(b) B) ESOP C) 529 D) 12b-4 Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Savings for College AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 51) What is a disadvantage of the ʺPrepaid College Tuition Planʺ version of the 529 plan? A) Distributions before age 59 1/2 incur a 10% tax penalty. B) They generally guarantee that your child will be covered only if he or she attends a public in-state university or college. C) They allow greater flexibility than the College Savings Plans. D) All of the above. E) None of the above. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Retirement Plan AACSB: Information Technology 52) Frances McClurg favors the Roth IRA over the traditional IRA. What advantage does the Roth provide over the traditional IRA? A) She can avoid income taxes when she withdraws. B) The earnings are tax deferred, unlike a traditional IRA. C) Contributions are tax deductible. D) It saves tax money for education. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 480 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 53) Lori Watts favors the traditional IRA over the Roth IRA. What advantage does the traditional IRA have over the Roth? A) The earnings are tax-exempt, unlike a Roth IRA. B) Contributions are likely to be fully or partially tax deductible. C) It saves tax money for education. D) There are no penalties for early withdrawals. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Analytical Thinking 54) Which of the following statements about saving for college is not true? A) The Coverdell Education Savings Account works just like the Roth IRA, except with respect to contributions. B) If the money in a Coverdell Education Savings Account isnʹt used for college, taxes and penalties may apply. C) Some 529 plans are prepaid college tuition plans. D) You must open a 529 plan sponsored by the state in which you reside. E) 529 college savings plans offer more flexibility than prepaid college tuition plans. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Savings for College AACSB: Information Technology 55) Jose does not have a retirement plan at work. He currently earns $30,000 in salary and is in the 15% marginal tax bracket. If he contributes the maximum contribution of $5,500 to his traditional IRA, how much money will he save on his income tax liability? A) He wonʹt save any money, since only the Roth IRA has tax deductions on contributions. B) He wonʹt save any money, since his income does not qualify for tax deductions for a qualified plan. C) $825 D) $5000 Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Analytical Thinking 56) Alicia works two jobs and still makes very little income. Why is the Saverʹs Tax Credit a good idea for her? A) Because it will possibly increase her tax refund B) Because it will possibly reduce the amount of income tax that she owes C) It allows her to offset part of the first $2,000 that she can contribute to an IRA or a 401(k) plan. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and B are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15 Retirement Planning 481 57) June and Ward Cleaver are married. June works as an accountant and contributes to a 401(k) plan at work. Ward is a web page designer and works for himself from their home. What type of retirement plan would be an option for Ward? A) Keogh plan B) SEP-IRA plan C) Individual IRA D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Analytical Thinking 58) If you have a defined-benefit retirement plan through your place of employment, you are considered a(n) ________; and as such, there is an income limit after which your IRA contributions are no longer tax deductible. A) restricted participant B) deactivated participant C) active participant D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and C are correct. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Information Technology 59) Fred and Carlie want to save some money for a down payment on a house. They figure it will take at least 10 years to save up enough money. Which of the following would be the best way for them to save this money? A) Traditional IRA B) Roth IRA C) 529 Savings Plan D) Keogh Plan Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 482 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 60) What are the advantages and disadvantages of a defined -contribution plan like a 401k? Answer: The big advantages are the tax-deductibility of your contributions, the tax-deferred treatment during your working years, and the employer match if any. With wise investment decisions and consistent contributions an employee can accumulate a substantial amount of retirement funds over the long haul. Portability and vesting are also very important benefits since most younger workers will switch jobs throughout their working lives. The big disadvantages are not knowing what your retirement income will be upon retirement, poor investment decisions and market swings close to retirement. Many people are not very sophisticated with investing and they choose investment options that are either to risky or to conservative for their life cycle stage. Many people donʹt contribute the maximum allowed to get the full benefits of the employer match or the maximum accumulation over time. Diff: 2 Topic: Defined Contribution Retirement Plan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 61) Compare and contrast the defined-contribution plans. Answer: Under profit-sharing plans your employer contributes a portion of the companyʹs profits to your individual plan. Things are great when there is a profit and not so great when there is none. Money purchase plans have a guaranteed contribution by the employer of a set percentage of each employeeʹs salary. Employers match a percentage of employeeʹs contributions in a thrift-and-savings plan. An ESOP is the riskiest plan. Here, your company contribution consists of the companyʹs stock. If the firm goes broke you lose everything. A 401(k) plan is a tax-deferred retirement plan in which both the employeeʹs contributions and earnings are tax-deductible. Diff: 1 Topic: Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan AACSB: Analytical Thinking 62) Are retirement plans different for the self-employed and employees of small businesses? Do you have to work full-time to qualify for one? Answer: Both part-time and full-time small business owners and employees can qualify for one of three tax-favored retirement plans. A Keogh plan allows large tax -deductible contributions to either a defined-contribution or a defined-benefit or a combination of both plans. Under a defined-benefit Keogh you are allowed to contribute whatever amount you deem necessary to meet your needs. A SEP-IRA is similar to a Keogh and is easier to set up, but contributions are more limited. A SIMPLE plan provides some employer matching funds, is for businesses with less than 100 employees, and is very simple to set up and use. Diff: 3 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15 Retirement Planning 483 63) What does the term ʹself directedʹ mean concerning retirement accounts? Answer: The term self directed means that the individual account holder will make the investment decisions for their retirement monies. For employer sponsored plans, the employer will select a Financial Institution like a Mutual Fund company to be the plan Administrator. Typically there will be a selection of various mutual fund categories available to meet the requirements of a diverse group of employees. It is the employee who chooses which fund or funds they feel are best suited to their individual needs, hence they are ʹself directingʹ their retirement account. With an individual retirement account, the individual makes all of the choices themselves. They choose a Financial Institution to act as the Plan Administrator and the individual chooses whatever investments they want for their account. Diff: 3 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Reflective Thinking 64) What are the major differences between the new IRAs and the traditional IRA? Answer: All three of them are on a tax-deferred basis for individuals. They are separate from any employer plan. The traditional IRA can be fully tax-deductible, partially tax-deductible, or not tax-deductible, depending on the amount of your earnings and whether your spouse or you yourself have a company retirement plan. The Roth IRA does not have tax-deductible contributions, but rather has tax-free withdrawals upon retirement. The Coverdell Education Savings Account (Education IRA) is just like the Roth IRA except that contributions are limited to $2000 annually per child for each child younger than 18. Diff: 1 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Reflective Thinking 65) Why is it a wise idea to have 3 retirement plans in place? Answer: The three-retirement-plan idea is worthy of consideration for several reasons. We may misjudge our retirement needs and it never hurts to have a little extra. It is far better to have too much than too little. The Social Security system may be under such a strain that benefits may be scaled back, thus making an additional source of income necessary. Our employerʹs plan or plans may not hold up for several reasons. All of this will prevent us from working part or full-time in later years, but we may not be able to work during our retirement years. Diff: 3 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 484 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 66) What is the purpose of a rollover when it comes to retirement plans? Answer: With the popularity of defined-contribution plans these days, employees need some way to make their retirement plans portable so they can take their retirement money with them when they leave the company before retirement. Since qualified retirement plans have tax liabilities and penalties for early withdrawals, the IRS had to come up with a process for the employee to maintain their retirement monies without being penalized. Now the employee can rollover their money into another qualified plan without any taxes or penalties. There are strict rules governing rollovers so it pays to get professional advice to avoid any tax consequences. Diff: 3 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Information Technology 67) How does one set up a qualified individual retirement account? Answer: Because of the IRS regulations concerning tax-advantaged retirement accounts, you must set up an account with a Plan Administrator such as a Bank, Mutual Fund or other Financial Institution. The Plan Administrator ensures that all IRS regulations are followed and provides the IRS and account holder with the appropriate tax documents. Typically there is a nominal fee or minimum starting deposit to open up an individual retirement account. Diff: 2 Topic: IRS Qualified Retirement Plans AACSB: Analytical Thinking 15.4 Facing Retirement - The Payout 1) Under a single life annuity, you receive a set monthly payment for the rest of your life. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Annuity AACSB: Information Technology 2) Through the single life annuity, once you reach the age of 100 the annuity payments cease. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Annuity AACSB: Information Technology 3) The good thing about retirement is you no longer have to pay income taxes. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Payout AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) Under the annuity for life policy your payments will continue to your beneficiaries upon your passing up until a specified time. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Payout AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15 Retirement Planning 485 5) Your decision on what type of annuity to purchase will have a dramatic impact on the monthly payments you will receive upon retirement. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Annuity AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) With a lump-sum distribution of your retirement benefits, you must pay all of the income taxes on the entire amount up front. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Payout AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 7) Annuity payments will adjust for inflation over the years of retirement. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Annuity AACSB: Information Technology 8) A joint and survivor annuity provides payments for both you and your spouse. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Payout AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 9) To avoid paying income taxes on your lump -sum distribution, you could roll it over into a qualified IRA. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Payout AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 10) A disadvantage of the annuity for life plan is that the payments stop when you die, so you canʹt pass the money on to your heirs. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Payout AACSB: Information Technology 11) Relative to insurance, when a payout arrangement is made in which one receives all benefits in a single payment, this is called a A) cash payout. B) lump-sum option. C) single distribution plan. D) point plan. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Payout AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 486 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 12) Once May Lou starts receiving her $1,200 monthly annuity payments she will pay income tax as if the annuity were A) tax-deferred. B) tax-sheltered. C) tax-exempt. D) tax-free income. E) normal income. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Annuity AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 13) Richard Harris wants to elect the single life annuity option for retirement. His mother lived to age 92 and his dad lived to be 89. This annuity will pay Richard a set monthly payment for as long as he lives. What possible disadvantage might he face? A) There will be no inflation protection. B) There will be no flexibility for withdrawals in case of emergencies. C) The balance of the money left over upon death will not be passed on to his heirs. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Annuity AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 14) Why might one want to select the lump-sum payment option for oneʹs retirement funds? A) Taking the lump-sum can be a hedge against inflation. B) The lump-sum option provides greater flexibility than other options. C) You can invest the funds and perhaps earn a higher return. D) Having access to the funds provides money for emergencies. E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Payout AACSB: Reflective Thinking 15) A ________ option provides payments over the life of both you and your spouse no matter how long you live. A) single life annuity B) lump sum annuity C) joint and survivor annuity D) annuity for life E) combination annuity Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Annuity AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15 Retirement Planning 487 16) When planning the retirement payout, there are several options from which to choose. With the ________ option the annuity provides payments over the life of both you and your spouse. A) single life annuity B) lump sum annuity C) joint and survivor annuity D) annuity for life E) combination annuity Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Annuity AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 17) You and your spouse both have good retirement plans through work and you both receive good Social Security checks based on your own incomes. If your goal is to maximize the size of your annuity check every month, which option should you choose? A) Single Life Annuity B) Annuity for Life or Certain Period C) Joint and Survivor Annuity D) All annuities have equal payment amounts, so it doesnʹt matter which you choose. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Annuity AACSB: Reflective Thinking 18) When is rolling your lump-sum retirement benefits into an IRA a good financial decision? A) If you have taken a new job B) If you have retired early C) If you donʹt need the funds immediately D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Payout AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 19) Congratulations! You have just retired with $1.4 million dollars in your 401(k) plan. You will be receiving a fairly large Social Security check and you have adequate personal savings outside of your 401(k) to live on for several years. You donʹt want to lock up your retirement money into an annuity because you want to be flexible for the future. What would be your best option? A) Purchase an early withdrawal annuity. B) Roll over the balance into a qualified IRA account. C) Hire a Certified Financial Planner for investing advice. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only B and C are correct. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Payout AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 488 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 20) Elaborate on the basics of annuities and payouts. Answer: A single life annuity allows you to receive a set monthly payment for life. An annuity for life (with ʺcertain periodʺ provision) also pays for life. In addition, if you die within the set period (usually 10 or 20 years), your beneficiary will get the payments until the end of the period. This option provides a smaller payment. A joint and survivor annuity provides payments over the life of both you and your spouse. None of these options allow for any inflation protection or flexibility in payouts. A lump-sum option gives you your benefits in one single payment. It is great for inflation protection, emergency funds, access to large sums of money, and investing in other endeavors. You can roll over the lump sum into an IRA or qualified plan. The dangers are a high tax bill and spending too much of it. Diff: 2 Topic: Annuity AACSB: Reflective Thinking 21) How are distributions/payouts/settlements taxed? Answer: Annuity payouts are taxed as normal income. Lump -sum distributions can be taxed using a 5 or 10 year averaging technique. This eases your tax burden, but you still have to pay them all at once. Diff: 2 Topic: Payout AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 22) Why would it be a good idea to hire a Certified Financial Planner before you retire? Answer: Many people will retire with a substantial amount of money in their retirement account. Most people would benefit from expert advice before they retire since there are many complicated and important decisions to be made. Annuities may be very good choices for some people but there is not much flexibility after the decision is made. People with spouses and dependents want to make sure they make the right choice before they purchase the annuity. There may be serious tax liability depending on which choice you make, especially with a lump sum option. For those that roll over their accounts into a qualified IRA account, they will benefit with investment advice to make appropriate investment decisions to protect them from market swings and inflation. Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking 15.5 Putting a Plan Together and Monitoring It 1) Vanguard and Fidelity are two low-cost mutual fund families that offer Roth IRAs. Stick to them or another mutual fund family that features low costs and expenses. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15 Retirement Planning 489 2) Today, there are roughly 18,000 publicly traded stock and bond funds, and for many workers, the prospect of choosing among them is paralyzing. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Reflective Thinking 3) For low income senior households Social Security is a very important financial asset. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 4) As a young consumer you would be wise to be very cautious with your investing and avoid investing in stocks. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) Consistently saving a little money for retirement when you are in your twenties is much better than saving a lot more money when you are in your fifties. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) Two of the most important considerations when saving for retirement is the time you have to save and the return you earn on your savings. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 7) Retirement income comes from which of the following sources? A) Social Security B) Pensions C) Asset income D) Earnings E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 490 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 8) Today, there are roughly ________ publicly traded stock and bond funds, and for many workers, the prospect of choosing among them is paralyzing. A) 5,000 B) 8,000 C) 18,000 D) 23,000 Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Reflective Thinking 9) Lucius starts saving $100 per month at age 25 and averages 6% per year compounded monthly. Hector starts saving $1,215.22 per month at age 55 and averages 6% per year compounded monthly. Who will be better off at age 65 assuming neither had in money in their account when they started? A) Lucius will have $15,476.20 and Hector will have $16,017.57 at age 65. B) Lucius will have $199,149.07 and Hector will have $163,879.34 at age 65. C) They both will have the same amount of money in their accounts at age 65. D) Not enough information available. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) What are some very important things to monitor concerning your retirement plan, both before and after retirement? Answer: Inflation and tax policy will have an enormous impact on whether or not you will reach your retirement goals and be able to enjoy the standard of living you planned for during retirement. Inflation changes which effects the real return on your savings. Tax policy changes which also impacts your after-tax return. Social Security reform and Medicare reform could have a dramatic impact on retirement goals. Economic conditions such as interest rates and recession can impact your investments but also the company you worked for who may be paying out your benefits or is a major holding in your ESOP plan. Maintaining a budget and not withdrawing too much money too soon could hurt your chances of not outliving your savings. Possibly delaying retirement, delaying Social Security benefits, or working part time during retirement may be necessary and identified through good planning and monitoring. Diff: 2 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Reflective Thinking 11) If your employer offers a 401(k) or 403(b) plan, why should you participate? Answer: Not only are the plans convenient, many include a company match. Thatʹs free money, and youʹve got to take advantage of it. Diff: 2 Topic: Planning for Retirement AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 16 Estate Planning: Saving Your Heirs Money and Headaches 16.1 The Estate Planning Process 1) The final step in estate planning is determining which estate planning techniques are most appropriate to achieve your goals. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Estate Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) The first step in estate planning is to determine the value of your estate. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Estate Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) Estate planning is important because it protects your family against major catastrophes and helps keep taxes to a minimum. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Estate Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking 4) The correct equation to determine your estateʹs net worth is: value of your estate - level of estateʹs liabilities. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Estate Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) The law allows you to give $25,000 per year tax free in 2015 to as many people as youʹd like. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Information Technology 6) There is no limit to the size of transfers that can be made between spouses on a tax -free basis. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Information Technology 7) The unified tax credit effectively nullifies the taxes on the first $5.34 million of oneʹs estate. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 492 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 8) Gifts reduce the taxable value of your estate and allow you to help out your heirs while youʹre still alive. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 9) If you give $14,000 as a gift to someone who is not a blood relative, you will pay taxes on these funds and so will the recipient. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) The federal estate tax exemption is $5.34 million per person. Recently, lawmakers ruled that the exempted amount held by the first to die would be transferable to the surviving spouse. Therefore, a married couple can now avoid federal estate taxes with combined assets of up to $10.68 million even without good estate planning. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Estate Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) You are engaging in ________ when you plan for what happens to your accumulated wealth and your dependents after you die, as well as determining decision -making authority should you be physically or mentally impaired. A) estate planning B) retirement planning C) unified planning D) death establishment E) None of the above is correct. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Estate Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking 12) Which of the following is/are a typical cash need(s) of oneʹs estate? A) Funeral expenses B) Legal fees C) Outstanding debt D) Estate and inheritance taxes E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Estate Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 16 Estate Planning: Saving Your Heirs Money and Headaches 493 13) All of the following are commonly used estate planning tools except A) a will. B) durable power of attorney and joint ownership of assets. C) life insurance. D) gifts and trusts. E) All of the above are commonly used estate planning tools. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Estate Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14) Herbert Dix picked up a booklet at his attorneyʹs office that described estate planning. All of the following were included as primary objectives of estate planning except A) distribute property according to your wishes and provide for your dependents. B) develop a plan that will minimize estate and inheritance taxes. C) develop a plan that minimizes settlement costs, including legal and accounting fees. D) utilize a living will to describe your choices in a terminal situation and a health care proxy to identify those to whom you relinquish health care decision-making authority in the event of physical or mental impairment. E) estate planning involves all of the above objectives. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Estate Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking 15) Which of the following does not have to be paid out of your estate before distribution to your heirs? A) Legal fees B) Funeral expenses C) Outstanding debt D) Estate and inheritance taxes E) All of the above must be paid prior to the distribution of assets. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Estate Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) To determine your estateʹs net worth, you would A) add the amount of your estateʹs assets to the amount of your estateʹs liabilities. B) add the amount of your estateʹs accounts receivable to the amount of your estateʹs assets. C) subtract the amount of your estateʹs assets from the amount of your estateʹs liabilities. D) subtract the amount of your estateʹs liabilities from the amount of your estateʹs assets. E) ask your lawyer the amount of your estateʹs worth and deduct it from the amount of your estateʹs market value. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Estate Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 494 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 17) The process of determining what your heirs will receive from your estate occurs in which step of the estate planning process? A) Step 1 B) Step 2 C) Step 3 D) Step 4 E) Step 5 Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Estate Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 18) You and your spouse wish to give each of your three grandchildren a yearly tax -free gift from your estate. If you give each of your three grandchildren the maximum amount allowed by law, what is the total amount that you as a couple would pay out in gifts in 2014? A) $14,000 per year B) $42,000 per year C) $54,000 per year D) $84,000 per year Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 19) The U.S. tax code allows ________ to transfer the entire estate to the survivor tax -free, assuming the recipient is a U.S. citizen. A) a generation-skipping clause B) gift taxes C) a common disaster clause D) tenancy in common E) an unlimited marital deduction Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 20) What does the generation skipping tax do? A) It imposed additional tax on gifts and bequests that are made from grandparent to grandchild. B) It allows grandparents to skip paying taxes on funds gifted to grandchildren. C) It encourages parents to skip leaving funds to their own children and to plan on leaving their estate to their grandchildren. D) All of the above E) None of the above Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 16 Estate Planning: Saving Your Heirs Money and Headaches 495 21) Your estate tax burden can be reduced by giving gifts to your heirs prior to your death. This has the effect of reducing the value of your estate and thus lowering your tax obligation. As of 2011, each spouse can give up to $________ each year to ________. A) 7,000; 2 people B) 8,000; 3 people C) 9,000; 4 people D) 10,000; 5 people E) 14,000; as many people as you like Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 22) A married couple with 2 children and 5 grandchildren has an estate valued at $4 million. They decide to use gifts as a means to transfer some of their wealth to their family now and lower the value of their estate. If for a five-year period the couple give the maximum tax -free gift to each of their children and grandchildren, the value of their estate would be reduced to A) $84,000. B) $420,000. C) $3,090,000. D) $3,916,000. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 23) The unified tax credit A) Allows individuals to give $14,000 tax-free each year to as many people as they like. B) Ensures that almost half of any amount that you pass on beyond the first $3.5 million of an estate will be lost in taxes. C) Lets money be passed down from a grandparent to a grandchild tax -free. D) Essentially nullifies the taxes on the first $5.34 million of an estate. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Analytical Thinking 24) Provide some common sense approaches to estate planning. Answer: Begin today by writing a will. Value your estate and determine if any of your children have special needs. Approach a professional for assistance do not make out your own will or plan your own estate. Make sure your family knows where your estate planning documents are. Diff: 2 Topic: Estate Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 496 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 25) What steps would you take in the estate planning process? Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. Determine what your estate is worth. Choose your heirs, determine their needs, and decide what they receive. Determine the cash needs of the estate. Select and implement your estate planning techniques. Diff: 1 Topic: Estate Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking 26) Describe the typical funeral and administrative expenses. Answer: Typical funeral expenses include burial costs, a burial plot, and any cost of future care of the burial plot. Typical estate administrative expenses consist of court costs, executorʹs fees, attorneyʹs fees, accountantʹs fees, and appraiserʹs fees. Diff: 1 Topic: Estate Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 27) How can you use the unlimited marital deduction to your advantage? Answer: There is no limit to the size of transfers between spouses that can be made on a tax -free basis. Also, there is no limit on the value of an estate that can be transferred to a spouse. As a result, all federal taxes can be avoided. But, if the estate is large, lots of planning needs to be done to prepare for when the second spouse dies to avoid or reduce the taxes. In fact, using the unlimited marital deduction may incur more estate taxes, as opposed to sheltering part of the estate from taxation upon the death of the first spouse. The unlimited marital deduction does not apply to non -citizen spouses. Transfers to non-citizen spouses are limited to the estate and tax-free transfer exemption for the year ($5.34 million in 2014) With specialized estate planning, a trust can be used to reduce or avoid taxation on marital estate transfers to non-citizen spouses. Diff: 3 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Reflective Thinking 28) Outline the steps in calculating estate taxes. Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. Calculate the value of the gross estate. Calculate the taxable estate. Calculate the gift-adjusted taxable estate. Calculate the estate taxes. Diff: 1 Topic: Taxes AACSB: Information Technology 16.2 Wills 1) A living will allows you to state your wishes regarding medical treatment in the event of an illness or injury that renders you unable to make decisions regarding your health care. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Will AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 16 Estate Planning: Saving Your Heirs Money and Headaches 497 2) An attestation and witness clause is an attachment to a will that alters or amends a portion of the will signed in front of two witnesses. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Will AACSB: Information Technology 3) The introductory statement of a will identifies whose will it is and revokes any prior wills. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Will AACSB: Information Technology 4) A will is a legal document that describes how you want your property to be transferred to others. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Will AACSB: Information Technology 5) The executor is the individual who is responsible for carrying out the provisions of your will. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Executor AACSB: Information Technology 6) Probate is the legal process of distributing an estateʹs assets. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Probate AACSB: Information Technology 7) Individuals to whom you have willed your property are known as executors. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Will AACSB: Information Technology 8) The main purpose of probate is to make sure the beneficiaries are treated equally. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Probate AACSB: Reflective Thinking 9) A will created by an attorney cannot be contested. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Will AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 498 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 10) A will can be amended by a codicil for relatively minor changes. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Will AACSB: Information Technology 11) A durable power of attorney means that the attorney who wrote the will for you is your legal guardian in case you become incapacitated and canʹt make decisions yourself. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Power of Attorney AACSB: Information Technology 12) A living will is a directive to a physician that allows you to state your wishes regarding medical treatment in the event you are unable to make decisions for yourself. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Will AACSB: Information Technology 13) We may prepare a ________ to appoint someone to legally act on our behalf in the event we become mentally incapacitated and a ________ to state our wishes in the event of a terminal illness or injury. A) living will; common disaster clause B) durable power of attorney; living will C) last letter of instruction; living will D) living will; durable power of attorney E) durable power of attorney; last letter of instruction Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Power of Attorney AACSB: Information Technology 14) The individual you name who will care for your minor aged children is known as their A) executor. B) beneficiary. C) guardian. D) personal representative. E) Only A and B are correct. Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Will AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 16 Estate Planning: Saving Your Heirs Money and Headaches 499 15) Ingrid is single with no dependents. She has been in the hospital with a coma for the last 2 weeks. Her bills are piling up and her rent on her apartment is due. Who is legally empowered to take care of her banking and bill paying while she is incapacitated? A) Whoever is named as her executor B) Whoever is named in her living will C) Whoever is named in her durable power of attorney D) Whoever is named in her durable health care power of attorney Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Power of Attorney AACSB: Reflective Thinking 16) Because Toby and Jennyʹs children are under the age of 18 they should name a ________ to care for them and manage their property should Toby and Jenny pass away. A) juvenile attorney B) guardian C) proxy D) godparent E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Guardian AACSB: Reflective Thinking 17) An attachment to a will that alters or amends a portion of the will is called a A) proxy. B) codicil. C) letter of last instructions. D) revocation. E) none of the above. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Will AACSB: Information Technology 18) Someone who receives assets or money from a person after death is called the deceasedʹs A) receptor. B) receptee. C) obtainee. D) beneficiary. E) none of the above. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Beneficiary AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 500 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 19) An individual who is responsible for carrying out the provisions of your will and managing your property until the estate is passed on to your heirs is called the A) attorney. B) lease. C) executor. D) receptor. E) none of the above. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Executor AACSB: Information Technology 20) What is/are advantage(s) to establishing a trust? A) Trusts bypass probate. B) Trusts can ensure that children from a previous marriage will receive some inheritance. C) Trusts can be used to shelter assets from estate taxes. D) A trust does not become a matter of public record, so it offers confidentiality. E) All of the above are advantages to using a trust. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Trust AACSB: Analytical Thinking 21) A trust that gives the individual establishing the trust the ability to direct income from the trust to his or her spouse over the spouseʹs life, and then, at the spouseʹs death, to choose to whom the assets go is called a A) sprinkling trust. B) Q-TIP. C) A-B trust. D) credit-shelter trust. E) unified credit trust. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Trust AACSB: Analytical Thinking 22) Alfred has appointed an executor in his will. This person will be responsible for A) carrying out Alfredʹs wishes. B) acting under the durable power of attorney. C) managing Alfredʹs property until the estate is passed on to the heirs. D) acting under the durable health care power of attorney. E) both A and C. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Executor AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 16 Estate Planning: Saving Your Heirs Money and Headaches 501 23) John Kennedy Jr. and his wife Caroline both perished in the same plane crash. Which of the following clauses would identify who is assumed to have perished first? A) Appointment clause B) Common disaster clause C) Attestation clause D) Witness clause E) Bimodal death clause Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Will AACSB: Information Technology 24) Herbertʹs will is missing the section revoking any earlier wills. A young lawyer prepared the will and made this oversight. What dangers are present because of this omission? A) There may be a prior conflicting will. B) Multiple wills make a mess out of the probate process. C) The probate process will slow down tremendously. D) It could be many years before the heirs receive their inheritance. E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Will AACSB: Analytical Thinking 25) Which of the following is a requirement of a valid will? A) You must be mentally competent when the will is written. B) You canʹt be under undue influence of another person. C) Your will must conform to the laws of the state. D) All of the above E) Only A and B Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Will AACSB: Analytical Thinking 26) The ________ allows for the distribution of money and property in a will. A) attestation and witness clause B) payment of debt and taxes clause C) common disaster clause D) disposition of property clause E) introductory statement Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Will AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 502 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 27) You were almost killed in a recent mountain bike accident and have decided to write a will. You also plan to construct a(n) ________, which will give information and directions with respect to the execution of your will. A) codicil B) letter of last instructions C) living trust D) appointment clause E) attestation and witness clause Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Will AACSB: Analytical Thinking 28) Carey is a widow with two teenagers, Brenda age 13 and Terry age 15. Her health has declined and she knows that a will should be drafted. Which of the following statements is not an important reason to have a will? A) Without a will the court will choose Brendaʹs and Terryʹs guardian(s). B) Without a will the court will appoint an administrator for the estate. C) The childrenʹs best interests may not be served without a will. D) Without a will, the estate administration fees may cost more, thus leaving less to heirs. E) All of the above are reasons Carey should have a will. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Will AACSB: Reflective Thinking 29) All of the following features are common to a basic will except A) introductory statement. B) payment of debt and taxes clause. C) disposition of property clause. D) establishment of a trust. E) appointment clause. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Will AACSB: Analytical Thinking 30) Within Herbertʹs will he designates ________ who are willed his property, an ________ who will be responsible for carrying out the provisions of the will, and a(n) ________ who will care for any of his children under age ________. A) trustees; attorney; executor; 18 B) heirs; executor; nanny; 16 C) beneficiaries; executor; guardian; 18 D) heirs; attorney; guardian; 16 E) heirs; attorney; guardian; 21 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Beneficiary AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 16 Estate Planning: Saving Your Heirs Money and Headaches 503 31) What should you do once your will has been drawn up? Answer: Signing the will in the presence of witnesses should follow drawing up a will. Keep it stored in a safe place. Periodically review and update it. Diff: 1 Topic: Will AACSB: Reflective Thinking 32) Provide a description of the basic features and clauses found in a will. What might invalidate your will? Answer: The introductory statement identifies that it is your will and revokes all prior wills. You want to direct the payment of any debts, dying and funeral expenses, and taxes. Allow for the disposition of money and property to those who should get it and in what amount. Appoint the executor of the estate and the guardian of any children under age 18. Identify which spouse is assumed to have died first in the event of a common disaster. Date and validate the will by signing in the presence of two or more witnesses; that is, incorporate an attestation and witness clause. A will could be invalidated under the following circumstances: · evidence suggesting lack of mental competence when the will was written · evidence of undue influence, or pressure, on the individual to write the will with certain provisions · provisions in the will that do not comply with state law Diff: 3 Topic: Will AACSB: Reflective Thinking 33) Give five good reasons to have a will. Answer: 1. to have control over the guardianship of your children and their property 2. to take care of any children with special needs 3. to transfer property that is not co-owned or in trusts according to your wishes 4. to make special gifts and bequests and arrangements for pets 5. to select an administrator of your choice who will execute the will according to your wishes Diff: 1 Topic: Will AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16.3 Avoiding Probate 1) A qualified terminable interest property trust gives the individual establishing the trust the ability to direct income from the trust to his or her spouse over the spouseʹs life, and then, at the spouseʹs death, to choose to whom the assets go. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Trust AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 504 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 2) A trust is created when a grantor transfers property to a trustee for the benefit of one or more people. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Trust AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) Under joint tenancy with the right of survivorship, two or more individuals share ownership of the assets; when one of the owners dies that ownerʹs share of the assets becomes part of the deceasedʹs estate and is distributed according to the deceasedʹs will. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Ownership AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) Through joint tenancy in common, George was able to transfer his share of his assets in a company he owns with his best friend to his son instead of to his best friend. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Ownership AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) For most married couples, tenancy by the entirety is the best way to establish ownership. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Ownership AACSB: Analytical Thinking 6) If you have children from a previous marriage and you get remarried and own property jointly with your new spouse, then tenancy by the entirety should be sufficient for you if you wish your children to inherit your property. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Ownership AACSB: Analytical Thinking 7) In most states, community property is recognized and trumps any allocations in your will. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Ownership AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8) Giving assets away as a gift reduces the value of your estate and allows you to help your heirs while youʹre still alive. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Estate Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 16 Estate Planning: Saving Your Heirs Money and Headaches 505 9) Trusts are much more difficult to challenge in court than are wills which is what makes them more attractive. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Trust AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) If a family has young children, or there are children from a previous marriage, then a trust is probably the best way to go for estate planning. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Trust AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) A durable health care power of attorney allows you to designate another person to make life support decisions if you are unable to. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Trust AACSB: Analytical Thinking 12) If you die without one, your state will ʺwrite one for youʺ based on intestacy laws. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Will AACSB: Analytical Thinking 13) One in 10 American adults who do not have any elements of an estate plan in place say that they havenʹt created a plan because they donʹt want to think about dying or becoming incapacitated. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic: Estate Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14) The purpose of a ________ trust is to reduce estate tax liability when one spouse predeceases the other. A) sprinkling B) family C) Q-TIP D) revocable Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Trust AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 506 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 15) During the lifetime of Jack and his wife, they acquired assets individually and as members of former marriages. During their marriage, they acquired more joint property, but his wife left all of her estate to her children. Upon his wifeʹs death, Jack would have received the other half of their A) property owned as joint tenants with right of survivorship. B) community property, if residents of a community property state. C) property owned as tenants by the entirety. D) all of the above. E) only A and C. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Ownership AACSB: Analytical Thinking 16) The difference between a testamentary trust and a living trust is that a testamentary trust A) is written by an attorney. B) is created by a will. C) exists only after probate. D) is controlled by the heirs. E) both B and C. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Trust AACSB: Analytical Thinking 17) A ________ provides a directive to a physician that allows you to state your wishes regarding medical treatment in the event of a terminal illness or injury that renders you unable to make decisions regarding life support or other medical treatments. A) letter of last instructions B) revocable will C) living will D) termination letter E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Will AACSB: Information Technology 18) Madonna is a famous singer; as such, she may select to settle her estate through a trust because of which reason(s)? A) Trusts are harder to challenge. B) Trusts reduce estate taxes. C) Trusts provide confidentiality. D) Trusts allow for professional management. E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Trust AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 16 Estate Planning: Saving Your Heirs Money and Headaches 507 19) In which kind of trust can you place your assets while still alive? A) A revocable living trust B) Sprinkling trust C) An irrevocable living trust D) None of the above E) Both A and C above Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Trust AACSB: Analytical Thinking 20) What is the name for a document that provides for someone to act in your place for legal and financial matters in the event that you become mentally incapacitated? A) Specific power of attorney B) Revocable power of attorney C) Incapacitated power of attorney D) Durable power of attorney E) None of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Power of Attorney AACSB: Analytical Thinking 21) What methods exist to avoid probate, or to establish non -probate property? A) Gifts B) Trusts C) Contracts like life insurance and retirement plans D) Joint ownership E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: Probate AACSB: Analytical Thinking 22) You know that the advantages of having a will likely outweigh the disadvantages associated with probate. Which is not a disadvantage of probate? A) Legal fees and court costs must be paid. B) The will is validated. C) There are typically executor fees for settling the estate (unless the executor is a family member who chooses only to be reimbursed for expenses). D) Costs of probate can equal 1 to 8 percent of the value of the estate. E) The process may be slow, particularly if someone challenges the will. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Probate AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 508 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 23) A ________ is a trust that distributes income according to need, as determined by the discretion of the trustee rather than according to some preset formula. A) family trust B) sprinkling trust C) needs distribution trust D) compassion trust E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Trust AACSB: Information Technology 24) A(n) ________ is a trust established to transfer assets to your children, while allowing the surviving spouse access to funds in the trust, if necessary. Trust assets are distributed to the children tax free upon the death of the surviving spouse. A) family trust B) revocable living trust C) irrevocable living trust D) pre-probate trust Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Trust AACSB: Information Technology 25) If you were to create a trust by your will, which becomes active only after you die, then you have created a(n) ________. A) terminal trust B) revocable living trust C) irrevocable living trust D) testamentary trust Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Trust AACSB: Analytical Thinking 26) A trust in which you relinquish title and control of the assets when they are placed in the trust, which becomes a separate legal entity, is called a(n) A) family trust. B) revocable living trust. C) irrevocable living trust. D) testamentary trust. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Trust AACSB: Analytical Thinking 27) A legal entity in which you control the assets and can receive income, but also have the option to leave or remove assets, is called a(n) A) family trust. B) revocable living trust. C) irrevocable living trust. D) testamentary trust. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Trust AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 16 Estate Planning: Saving Your Heirs Money and Headaches 509 28) For someone who dies intestate, or without a valid will, ________ and the applicable state laws allow for the orderly distribution of the estate. A) durable power of attorney B) letter of last instructions C) probate D) testamentary trust E) all of the above Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Probate AACSB: Analytical Thinking 29) Which feature makes it possible for a married couple to transfer up to $10.68 million and avoid federal estate tax, all without having to use a family trust? A) Propaganda B) Portability C) Sustainability D) Revocable Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Escrow AACSB: Analytical Thinking 30) Only about ________ Americans have created a trust as part of an estate plan. A) one out of three B) one out of five C) five out of 10 D) eight out of 10 Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Estate Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking 31) A ________ gives the individual establishing the trust the ability to direct income from the trust to his or her spouse over the spouseʹs life, and then to whomever else the individual wants the funds to go. A) Q-TIP trust B) sprinkling trust C) family trust D) living trust Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Trust AACSB: Analytical Thinking 32) The legal procedure that establishes the validity of a will, and then distributes the assets of the estate including the payment of any taxes, is called A) probate. B) verification. C) certification hearing. D) establishment hearing. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Probate AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 510 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 33) In some states, property that is acquired during a marriage is referred to as ________ and upon the death of either spouse, his/her half is distributed according to the will, or if intestate, according to state law. A) ownership property B) community property C) marriage assets D) common assets E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Ownership AACSB: Analytical Thinking 34) Through the portable estate exemption a surviving spouseʹs exemption amount will do which of the following? A) Increase B) Decrease C) Remain the same D) None of the above Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Probate AACSB: Analytical Thinking 35) ________ is a type of ownership where two or more individuals share asset ownership, but the asset is passed to the deceased ownerʹs estate and is distributed according to his or her will. A) Survivorship tenancy B) Ownership tenancy C) Tenancy in common D) Tenancy without distribution E) Joint tenancy with the right of survivorship Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Ownership AACSB: Analytical Thinking 36) The unlimited gift tax exclusion for medical or education expenses can only be gifted to which of the following? A) Blood relatives B) Siblings C) Your biological children D) Anyone regardless to how they are related to you E) None of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Ownership AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 16 Estate Planning: Saving Your Heirs Money and Headaches 511 37) ________ is a type of ownership that exists only between married couples. A) Survivorship tenancy B) Tenancy by the entirety C) Common tenancy D) Marriage tenancy E) Conjugal tenancy Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Ownership AACSB: Analytical Thinking 38) Under ________, ownership passes directly on to the surviving owner or owners, bypassing the will. With ________, when one spouse dies assets become part of the deceasedʹs estate and are distributed through the will. A) tenancy in common, community property B) tenancy in common, tenancy by the entirety C) joint tenancy with the right of survivorship, tenancy in common D) joint tenancy, the right of survivorship E) tenancy in the entirety, uncommon tenancy Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Ownership AACSB: Analytical Thinking 39) Which of the following is a disadvantage of joint ownership? A) Jointly owned assets avoid probate. B) It makes it legal for one party to ʺtake the money and run.ʺ C) It discourages compromise in the case of a divorce. D) None of the above is a disadvantage of joint ownership. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Ownership AACSB: Analytical Thinking 40) You and your roommate have decided to purchase a house together. If you want your share of the asset to pass on to your relatives named in your will, what type of ownership should you establish for the house? A) Tenancy in common B) Community property C) Joint tenancy with the right of survivorship D) Tenancy by the entirety Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic: Ownership AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 512 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 41) You and your brother have decided to invest in the stock market together. You will put in $5,000 each and open a single account at a brokerage. How should the ownership of this account be established if both of you wish the other to keep all the money in the event that the other should die? A) Tenancy by the entirety B) Joint tenancy with the right of survivorship C) Tenancy in common D) Community property Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Ownership AACSB: Analytical Thinking 42) Identify three advantages and three disadvantages of irrevocable living trusts. Answer: Advantages of irrevocable living trusts include: · Assets avoid probate. · No estate taxes are imposed on appreciation of assets when you die. · Income earned on assets can be directed to the beneficiary, which can result in tax savings if the beneficiary is in a lower tax bracket. Disadvantages of irrevocable living trusts include: · There is no control over assets in the trust · Assets cannot be used for loan collateral. · The cost of setting up the irrevocable trust may be more than the probate costs you are trying to avoid. Diff: 2 Topic: Trust AACSB: Analytical Thinking 43) Identify three advantages and three disadvantages of revocable living trusts. Answer: Advantages of revocable living trusts include: · Assets avoid probate. · The grantor can alter the trust while living. · Assets will be professionally managed by the trustee should you become incompetent. Disadvantages of revocable living trusts include: · There are no estate tax advantages. · Assets in the trust are part of your, the grantorʹs, estate for tax purposes,. · Assets cannot be used as collateral for a loan. Diff: 2 Topic: Trust AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 16 Estate Planning: Saving Your Heirs Money and Headaches 513 44) Make a list of ways to avoid probate. Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. Establish joint ownership. Give gifts. Name beneficiaries in contracts. Establish a trust. Diff: 1 Topic: Probate AACSB: Analytical Thinking 45) List some common reasons people use trusts. Answer: Trusts avoid probate. Compared to wills, trusts are much more difficult to challenge in court. Trusts can reduce estate taxes. Trusts allow for professional management. Trusts provide for confidentiality. Trusts can be used to provide for a child with special needs. Trusts can be used to hold money until a child reaches maturity. Trusts can ensure that children from a previous marriage will receive some inheritance. Diff: 2 Topic: Trust AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 17 Financial Life EventsFitting the Pieces Together 17.1 The Ingredients of Success 1) The earlier you start saving for your retirement, the easier it will be to reach your financial goals. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Analytical Thinking 2) Financial goals must be reexamined periodically and adjusted to accommodate changes in your life. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Reflective Thinking 3) College graduates should be prepared to make many financial decisions during their first decade after graduation. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking 4) If you have good financial goals then you really donʹt need a financial plan. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking 5) Women are more likely to have a pension than men. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Women and Personal Finance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 6) As a percentage, there are more elderly men living below the poverty line today than there are elderly women living below the poverty line. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Women and Personal Finance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 7) Women live, on average, 7 years longer than men. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Women and Personal Finance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 17 Financial Life EventsFitting the Pieces Together 515 8) It is never a good idea for both spouses to be actively involved in and aware of the familyʹs finances. This can lead to arguments. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Women and Personal Finance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 9) Roxanne began saving for retirement at age 23 when she graduated college. She wants to have $2.3 million dollars in her retirement account when she reaches age 55. If she deposits $9,000 each year in an account earning an 11% Annual Rate of Return, will she achieve her goal in time? A) Yes, she will have over $2.3 million dollars in the account. B) No, she will have less than $2.3 million dollars in the account. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Time Dimension of Investing AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) Suppose that immediately after graduation you invested $3,000 each year for 15 years and nothing thereafter. You earn 10% on this money. Which of the following is closest to the amount of money you would you have on deposit when you retired in 40 years (25 years after the deposits stopped)? A) $47,812 B) $523,482 C) $834,295 D) $1,032,736 Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) What is the importance of understanding the financial life cycle? A) It allows you to be proactive in financial planning to prepare for your changing needs. B) It allows you to take advantage of the time-value-of-money. C) It helps you in achieving your long-term financial goals. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Reflective Thinking 12) At the end of each year for 25 years you deposit $365 in an account that earns 12% interest. If instead you had begun saving earlier, and had deposited $365 in the account each year for 50 years, how much more money would you have on deposit? A) $13,607.10 B) $157,557.18 C) $718,449.48 D) $827,339.80 Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 516 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 13) What is a smart thing for married women to do regarding their personal financial situation? A) Make sure their plan recognizes that women live longer than men and that half of all marriages end in divorce. B) Be involved in decisions regarding their husbandʹs employee benefits and retirement plans. C) See a financial planner about any specific concerns. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Women and Personal Finance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 14) Which of the following statistics concerning women are not true? A) About 75% of the elderly people living in poverty are women. B) Eighty percent of all widows who are now living in poverty were not living in poverty while their husbands were still alive. C) Almost half of all single elderly women get most of their income from Social Security. D) Only 22% of women 65 and older received pension benefits, versus 29% of men, and the median amount of the womenʹs pension income was over twice that of men. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Women and Personal Finance AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 15) Why is it more difficult for women to plan for their retirement than it is for men? A) On average, men die younger than women. B) Women generally earn less income and pay less into Social Security than men do. C) Women rely on defined-benefit plans more than men do. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and B are correct. Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic: Women and Personal Finance AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 17 Financial Life EventsFitting the Pieces Together 517 16) List the 10 ʹingredientsʹ in order to succeed financially. Answer: - Evaluate your financial health. - Plan and budget. - Manage your cash and credit. - Control your debt. - Make knowledgeable consumer decisions. - Have adequate health, life, property, and liability insurance. - Understand investing principles. - Make investment decisions that reflect your goals. - Plan for retirement. - Plan for what happens to your accumulated wealth and your dependents after you die. Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Planning AACSB: Reflective Thinking 17) According to ʺStep 1: Manage Your Life,ʺ what are the two things that, if not eliminated, might jeopardize your future? Answer: Delete Any Eyebrow-Raising Photos from Facebook and Other Social Media. Because potential employers will look at Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, and other social media, photos of you drinking or having fun on spring break must go. Eliminate FEAR! Donʹt Be Afraid to Invest in Yourself. In a way, your largest financial asset is your ʺhuman capital.ʺ Youʹll most likely hold several jobs over your lifetime, so make sure your skill set grows over time. Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Challenges AACSB: Reflective Thinking 18) Why is it important for someone twenty five years old to start planning for retirement? Answer: When you are young your best friend is time. With the time-value-of-money working for you, you can start saving a relatively small amount of money when you are young and accumulate a fairly large amount of money by the time you retire. If you wait until later in life to start saving for retirement, you would need to save a dramatically larger amount to even come close to the younger saver. This represents an opportunity cost of a lower standard of living for the older saver. Starting early, consistently investing in the stock market, and taking advantage of the tax deferred retirement accounts is the smartest thing a young person can do. Diff: 2 Topic: Time Value of Money AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 518 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 19) Why is it more challenging for women to become financially security? Answer: Because the woman stereotypically has responsibility to raise the children, this may interfere with their careers meaning they may earn less money and contribute less money to their own retirement accounts, especially when they are younger. Statistically, women live longer than men so they are most likely to end up alone. Because they live longer they run out of retirement monies and rely on Social Security only. Many times they relied on their husbands to handle the family finances and they are naive as to what to do financially. Diff: 3 Topic: Women and Personal Finance AACSB: Reflective Thinking 17.2 Financial Life Events 1) When you get married it is a good time to evaluate your and your spouseʹs financial goals and come up with a set of joint financial goals. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Reflective Thinking 2) Given the current divorce rate in the country if one spouse has good credit established, then it is equally important for the other spouse to establish credit in his or her own name. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) For a married couple with opposite spending habits, one checking account for the family is the ideal strategy. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Reflective Thinking 4) In spite of the fact that many younger couples have high living expenses at first, itʹs is still vitally important to start a savings plan. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Analytical Thinking 5) Tracking your spending for a month or so will help you plan savings. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Pay Yourself First AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 17 Financial Life EventsFitting the Pieces Together 519 6) Couples should have many conversations about their views on family finances prior to becoming engaged or married. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Reflective Thinking 7) When you get married, by law you must have joint credit card accounts instead of individual accounts. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8) One of the first things a newly married couple should do is update their financial records and consider making each other the beneficiary on their financial accounts. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) Your spouseʹs credit score may have a positive or negative impact on your ability to acquire a mortgage together. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) Insurance planning becomes much more important when a person gets married. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 11) Estate planning is much less important for married people than for single people. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 12) Your tax status and the tax-advantaged benefits and opportunities afforded you by your employer may change as a result of your marriage. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 520 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 13) If you and your spouse have different money management styles, it may be wise to maintain separate checking accounts. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Reflective Thinking 14) According to U.S. News and World Reports, the required investment for a medium income family to raise and support a child for 22 years is approximately A) $52,000 B) $197,704 C) $1,000,000 D) $1,450,000 E) $3,000,000 Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Analytical Thinking 15) What is a reason that your textbook suggests as to why a newly married couple would want to establish separate checking accounts? A) It makes record keeping much easier. B) It is preferable if the couple has incompatible money management styles. C) One always gets a better deal from the bank on two accounts versus one account. D) All of the above E) None of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Reflective Thinking 16) According to your textbook, which is a typical financial event that recent graduates may face during their first decade out of college? A) Buying a car B) Establishing credit C) Paying taxes D) Repaying student loans E) All of the above Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 17 Financial Life EventsFitting the Pieces Together 521 17) Part of life event number 1, getting started, is laying the groundwork for your financial goals. Which of the following is part of laying the groundwork? A) Establishing a budget B) Checking your credit score C) Establishing an emergency fund D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and B are correct. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Reflective Thinking 18) Part of the getting started stage is to begin saving for your goals. What are the critical steps to doing so? A) Make savings automatic. B) Live within your means. C) Catch your matches. D) All of the above are correct. E) Only A and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Reflective Thinking 19) What challenges to personal financial planning does marriage present? A) Setting common goals B) Establishing a common household budget C) Asset ownership and estate planning D) All of the above are correct. E) Only B and C are correct. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Reflective Thinking 20) List the main ʺlife eventsʺ as discussed in your textbook. Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Getting started Marriage Buying a home Having children Inheritance, bonuses, or unexpected money A major illness Caring for an elderly parent Retiring Death of a spouse Divorce Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 522 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 21) Discuss what is involved in Life Event 1: Getting started. Answer: Before you can begin your lifeʹs journey, you need to figure out where you are now. Creating an income statement and balance sheet is essential in determining your financial health and establishing a realistic budget. You must establish an emergency fund and have adequate insurance in place to protect your long term savings and investments incase of an unplanned event. Establishing and maintaining strong credit is essential to having access to affordable credit. Establishing realistic goals and creating a plan to achieve them are next. Without a plan in place, the odds of achieving your goals are low. Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Reflective Thinking 22) Why is discussing personal finances with your significant other so important prior to getting married? Answer: Personal finances become more challenging when their are two people involved. Financial stress can lead to an unhappy marriage and divorce. Understanding each otherʹs perspectives and habits before you get into the marriage may help to prevent any future problems before they arise. Their income, debt, saving and spending habits need to be known so that you can work together to establish common financial goals, budgets and priorities in life. If you cant effectively communicate with each other over these issues before you get married then heaven help you afterwards! Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Reflective Thinking 23) Buying a home is one of the smartest investments you can make. What are the proper steps necessary to make sure you do it right? Answer: Part of financial planning is looking into the future for threats or opportunities that may arise. Saving up the largest downpayment you can afford may take several years of planning and budgeting. Establishing or repairing good, strong credit may also take several years to allow you to get approved for affordable financing. Using the 28/36 rule to help you understand the impact of other debt payments like car and student loans will help you to properly manage and or eliminate some non-mortgage debt before you purchase the home. Becoming aware of the tax implications associated with owning a home in your State is also beneficial. Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 17 Financial Life EventsFitting the Pieces Together 523 24) How should a family plan for having children from a personal financial perspective? Answer: By being proactive, a family can plan for children financially making less of a financial impact and stress upon the birth of the children. For a typical newlywed younger couple, they may have car loans, student loans and credit card debt from being single. A good goal would be to pay off as much of this debt prior to having a family. If they also plan on buying a home, possibly the increased expenses from owning a home and having children might be more than they can handle. Delaying one of these major decisions until they have paid off debt, increased their savings or both might be a good idea. Being properly insured is a must before the pregnancy and making sure their health coverage includes pregnancy expenses is key. Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Reflective Thinking 25) How can someone plan for a major illness? Answer: Part of financial planning is being prepared for the unplanned events that occur to most of us sooner or later. Sound budgeting to make sure we have enough in an emergency fund to meet the liquidity ratios from chapter two is essential. Keeping our debt ratios under 15% gives us options and flexibility in case something bad happens and we lose some income. Being properly insured before we develop a pre-existing condition is vitally important. You canʹt avoid a catastrophe but you can be proactive in managing and lessening itʹs financial impact. Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Reflective Thinking 26) How can someone plan for a divorce? Answer: Hopefully you will only marry once and forever but the odds are not in your favor, unfortunately. It is critically important for both spouses to be actively involved in and aware of the financial decisions for the family. Maintaining your own personal credit during your marriage is essential. Making sure that the joint assets are titled properly also protects you from possible harm in case of divorce. Maintain your own checking and savings accounts and use a joint account for joint expenses makes sense and protects you from the other spouse having access without your knowledge. Use joint credit sparingly and limit your debt limits accordingly. Try to maintain communications and civility during the divorce to limit attorney fees. Make sure insurance needs are met and change beneficiary designations accordingly. If you are awarded alimony or child support payments, make sure the judge requires the payor to have adequate life insurance coverage where you are the policy owner and beneficiary. Diff: 3 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Reflective Thinking 17.3 The Keys to Success: A Dozen Decisions 1) Medical insurance can keep medical expenses from becoming a catastrophic financial event. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: 12 Keys to Success AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 524 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 2) Opening a 529 plan for yourself near the end of your career is a good means to save for your retirement. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: 12 Keys to Success AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 3) It is a good idea to pay all your bills first and then determine how much to save with what is left over. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: 12 Keys to Success AACSB: Analytical Thinking 4) Understanding key personal finance topics can prevent you from being a victim to fraud and self-interested behaviors of sales people and financial advisors. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: 12 Keys to Success AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 5) Procrastination is the enemy of the power of compounding. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: 12 Keys to Success AACSB: Reflective Thinking 6) Living below your means leads to a harsh, barren lifestyle with little or no pleasure in life. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: 12 Keys to Success AACSB: Reflective Thinking 7) Living below your means deals with buying what you need versus buying what you want. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: 12 Keys to Success AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8) A budget is essential for a recent college graduate with no dependents. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: 12 Keys to Success AACSB: Analytical Thinking 9) The key to keeping the cost of home and auto insurance down is to keep your deductibles as high as you can afford. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: 12 Keys to Success AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 17 Financial Life EventsFitting the Pieces Together 525 10) Carrying debt today is limiting your financial options in the future. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: 12 Keys to Success AACSB: Analytical Thinking 11) The best investment advice for younger people is to be conservative and avoid risk. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: 12 Keys to Success AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 12) Only people 40 years or older should max out their retirement contributions at work. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: 12 Keys to Success AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 13) Your potential income sources should be evaluated prior to having children. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: 12 Keys to Success AACSB: Analytical Thinking 14) On average, married men earn 26% more money than unmarried men. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: 12 Keys to Success AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 15) Which of the following statements is correct? A) You should spend less than you earn and budget your money. B) You should know the costs of borrowing. C) You should understand the difference between good and bad debt. D) You should make sure that you can repay what you borrow. E) All of the above statements are correct. Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic: 12 Keys to Success AACSB: Reflective Thinking 16) According to your text, which of the following is true regarding employment in todayʹs world? A) Your history with the company is all that matters. B) Working at a company for many years ensures that you will keep your job. C) Reinventing and upgrading your skills is a necessity in todayʹs business world. D) None of the above. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Financial Life Events AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 526 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 17) According to your text, is it recommended that couples have a joint credit card or not? A) No, it is best for couples to have their own credit cards. B) Yes, it is important for couples to have joint credit cards. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: 12 Keys to Success AACSB: Reflective Thinking 18) Which of the following is not true regarding investing in stocks? A) They are risky, but not as risky as not investing in them. B) Mutual funds are an easy way to invest in stocks and diversify. C) You should let asset allocation decisions be guided by your time horizon. D) You should review the time dimension of investing. E) All of the above are true statements. Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic: 12 Keys to Success AACSB: Analytical Thinking 19) Which of the following does a budget help you accomplish? A) It allows you to not think about what you spend money on. B) It allows you to live above your means. C) It forces you to use restraint. D) All of the above E) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: 12 Keys to Success AACSB: Analytical Thinking 20) Which of the following is one of the ʺkeys to financial successʺ as outlined in Chapter 17 of your textbook? A) Live Below Your Means B) Hide Your Plastic C) Realize You Arenʹt Indestructible D) All of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: 12 Keys to Success AACSB: Information Technology 21) Why are stocks risky, but not as risky as not investing in them? Answer: Stocks are risky due to the ups and downs experienced both in the individual stock as well as in the stock market in general. They are indeed risky. They are not as risky as not investing in them for the following reasons: 1. Diversification will reduce the risk of owning individual stocks. 2. The time dimension of planning will reduce the general market risks (fluctuations). 3. You will be better able to keep ahead of inflation and taxes. Diff: 2 Topic: Saving AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 17 Financial Life EventsFitting the Pieces Together 527 22) Discuss why budgeting is so critical to financial success and what it forces you to do. Answer: Budgeting is critical in allowing you to save more than you spend. It forces you to do the following: 1. Use restraint when purchasing items or obtaining/using credit. 2. More carefully consider what you spend your money on. 3. Live below your means. 4. Be frugal. Diff: 1 Topic: Budget AACSB: Reflective Thinking 23) What does the phrase ʺliving below your meansʺ really mean and how is it related to wealth building? Answer: Living below your means is simply saving money by spending less than you earn. This is related to wealth building in that, by practicing this method of living, you are getting out of the trap or tendency that many people have of spending to their level of earning (or beyond). It allows you to be realistic with respect to what you can really afford. Diff: 2 Topic: Saving AACSB: Reflective Thinking 17.4 Tying Things Together: Debt and the Real World 1) There are always positive things you can do to change your credit score so it is worth the time to try and manage it. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Debt AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 2) The interest on your mortgage is generally tax deductible and this tax benefit should be considered when determining which type of debt you should use. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking 3) According to the Keown book, in 2014, the average interest rate on a credit card was around 15.6 percent–expensive borrowing, to be sure. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Debt AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 528 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 4) At the beginning of 2014, according to CreditCards.com and Cardweb.com, the average credit card debt per household with at least one credit card was $15,279, up from $2,985 in 1990. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic: Debt AACSB: Information Technology 5) Studies show that there is an inverse relationship between education and playing the lottery, with 54 percent of lottery players earning less than $40,000. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Financial Challenges AACSB: Reflective Thinking 6) Which of the following is considered to be a key element to effective debt management? A) Know and understand the costs of debt. B) Complete a budget: always spend more than you earn. C) Take the largest possible loan you can obtain. D) Accept credit whenever it is offered. E) None of the above Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Debt AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 7) The debt limit ratio is A) total monthly take-home pay divided by total monthly nonmortgage payments. B) total monthly nonmortgage payments divided by total monthly take -home pay. C) total monthly gross pay divided by total monthly mortgage payments. D) total monthly mortgage payments divided by total monthly gross pay. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking 8) Suppose that you want to purchase a home. Your lender has told you that the standard limit for your total debt limit ratio is ________ including your mortgage debt. A) 24% B) 36% C) 38% D) 40% E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 17 Financial Life EventsFitting the Pieces Together 529 9) Debt is being marketed to adults as much as toys are to children. What are some of the results of this? A) People are encouraged to borrow more than they should. B) Almost 60% of those aged 30 and under do not pay off their credit card bills every month. C) Students are limited in their capacity to obtain debt. D) All of the above E) Only A and B Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic: Debt AACSB: Analytical Thinking 10) According to the Keown book, the average student debt is more than ________. In addition, according to a recent Fidelity survey, total student debt–including credit card debt and personal and family loans–tops ________. A) $9,000; $15,000 B) $19,000; $25,000 C) $29,000; $35,000 D) $39,000; $45,000 Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Student Loan AACSB: Reflective Thinking 11) Discuss the results of having debt marketed to adults the same way toys are marketed to children. Answer: 1. Students and those with little capacity to repay are being given the opportunity to increase debts at will. Many students only need a college ID to obtain a credit card. These cards typically come with all types of free goodies to entice application. 2. People are encouraged to borrow more than they should. Borrowing is becoming part of our culture. In a recent survey of those aged 30 and under, almost 60 percent do not pay off their credit card bills every month. For those over 60, it falls to less than 15 percent. 3. Bankruptcies have reached an all-time high. Debt as a percent of disposable income has nearly doubled over the last 40 years. In 1997 was the first year where over 1 million Americans filed for bankruptcy. Diff: 2 Topic: Debt AACSB: Diverse and Multicultural Work Environments 12) Discuss why it is important to keep a clean credit record. Answer: 1. It provides a source of funds that might not otherwise be available in the case of an emergency or crisis. You might lose your job or become ill. 2. It can significantly hurt you in getting a car loan, an apartment, and even a job. 3. It significantly affects the rate that you pay when you borrow money. Rates can be up to six percent higher on mortgage rates for those with poor credit. Diff: 2 Topic: Debt AACSB: Reflective Thinking Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 530 Keown Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth, 7e 13) List the six keys to successful debt management. Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Budget and spend less than you earn. Know the costs. Understand the difference between good and bad debt. Make sure you can repay what you borrow; set your own standards. Keep a clean credit record; it is a source of emergency money. Do not live with bad (and expensive) debt. Diff: 1 Topic: Debt AACSB: Information Technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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