The Royal College of Ophthalmologists17 Cornwall Terrace, London. NW1 4QW. Telephone: 020-7935 0702, Extension 213 Facsimile: 020-7487 4674 Email: [email protected] Website: WWW.RCOPHTH.AC.UK FROM THE EXAMINATIONS DEPARTMENT PATRON HRH THE DUKE OF YORK, KCVO, ADC Dear Colleague Thank you for your enquiry concerning the College’s Part 1 Fellowship (FRCOphth) Examination. Please find enclosed information concerning: Registration Information Admission Procedure Guidance for Candidates with Additional Needs Policy on Allegations of Cheating in Examinations Language Requirements Preparing for Examinations Fees Schedule Examination Timetable Examination Structure Standard Setting Examination Syllabus Reading List Application Form Equal and Diversity Monitoring Form Candidates must hold a medical qualification approved by the General Medical Council of the United Kingdom (GMC) or of Ireland for the purpose of registration. Please note candidates are required to submit an attested copy of their medical degree or details of their GMC registration in evidence of their eligibility to sit this examination. Medical degree certificates may be attested by a Fellow or Member of this College, the British Council or your embassy, a solicitor or the university issuing the certificate. No previous experience in ophthalmology is necessary for candidates to sit the Part 1 FRCOphth but trainees in ophthalmic specialist training are required to pass this examination before they enter into the third year specialist training. The structure of this examination is based on learning outcomes from the first two years of training of the Curriculum for Ophthalmic Specialist Training. This curriculum is only available in web-based format at: http://curriculum.rcophth.ac.uk. The syllabus is assessed by written examination. The above information has been agreed by the Council of The Royal College of Ophthalmologists. This information is subject to variation at the discretion of the Council. Yours sincerely Emily Beet Head of the Examinations Department 1 REGISTRATION INFORMATION Candidates wishing to confirm the eligibility of their medical degree for the purpose of registration with the General Medical Council may do so by the following means: You can access the World Health Organisation (WHO) Directory of Medical Schools through the AVICENNA Directory at the below link: http://avicenna.ku.dk/database/medicine/ Candidates are required to submit an attested copy of their medical degree or details of their GMC registration in evidence of their eligibility to sit this examination. 2 In exceptional circumstances. 4. Applicants wishing to withdraw or transfer their entry for an examination must notify the Examinations Department in writing by 5. a medical certificate. Applicants must apply for entry visas for the United Kingdom in good time prior to the date of the examination. We regret that examination results are not available by telephone or email. Results are only released upon approval of the Senior Examiner. if not before. If a candidate is refused a visa after the closing date of receipt of applications they will forfeit their examination fee. If you cannot supply all the relevant information you must contact the Examinations Department or supply a covering letter as to the reasons why. 7. Completed application forms for admission to an examination must reach the Examinations Department no later than 5. 3. Detailed instructions including written and clinical examination dates will be dispatched to all candidates within ten days after the closing date for receipt of applications. Upon receipt of application the Examinations Department will send all candidates a written receipt. the Examinations Committee will consider requests for candidates to transfer their examination entry. All candidates will receive feedback regarding their individual performance in the examinations.00pm on the closing date for receipt of applications. If written evidence of the refusal of a visa is provided. namely approximately FIFTY-SIX days before the exam is held. Fees cannot be refunded or transferred after this time. Please note that lack of preparation is not considered a suitable reason to withdraw or transfer an examination entry.00pm on the closing date. otherwise the candidate will be withdrawn from the examination and forfeit their examination fee. All information must be sent within 14 days after the closing date. subject to the receipt of a 20% administration charge.Regulations The following notes on the regulations concerning applications for admission to the examinations are published for the guidance of candidates: 1.g. the Examinations Committee will consider requests to transfer a candidate’s entry to the next examination sitting subject to receipt of written supplementary evidence (e. 5. 2. 6. The application forms must be accompanied by the fee and such certification as is required by the regulations. a death certificate for a close family member) and subject to a 20% administration charge. 3 . Candidates unable to attend an examination will forfeit their examination fee. It is not possible accept applications received after the closing date. 8. Results are posted by First Class Mail with the Pass List being displayed on the College Website. Candidates are advised to read the Policy on Allegations of Cheating in Examinations regarding examinations. seek assistance from. Unless notified. Candidates deciding to leave the examination hall must submit their paper to the invigilator. 15.Written Examination Procedures 1. written material or electronic equipment are allowed on the candidate’s desk. The Senior Invigilator has the power to expel a candidate from the examination room. Candidates are forbidden to communicate in any way with. 4 . Candidates are not allowed to use mobile phones. 7. Candidates are asked to raise their hand should they have a query regarding any part of the examination. Clear instructions will be given to candidates regarding the timing of the examination. 8. All mobile phones must be switched off and cannot be used as a method of time keeping. 11. All references to the examination such as letters and individual timetables are not permitted on the examination desk. 2. 4. Only one candidate at a time is permitted outside the examination hall. 9. Candidates are not allowed to use scrap paper. give assistance to. No candidate is allowed to leave the examination hall in the last 10 minutes of a written examination to avoid disruption to candidates completing their work. No books. 14. Candidates requiring a comfort break must raise their hand and wait to be escorted by an invigilator. or interfere with the work of other candidates or the invigilators in the examination room or elsewhere during the period of the examination. Candidates are advised that no extra time will be given to transfer answers from the question paper to the answer sheet. Photographic identification (such as a passport or photographic driver’s licence) will be checked before candidates are admitted to the examination hall. The clock to be referred to will be the clock in the examination hall or the Senior Invigilator’s watch. 6. all notes must be written on the answer sheet and crossed through as appropriate. 5. 3. or indulge in any other form of unfair practice. 13. They will not be permitted to re-enter the examination hall. No candidate is allowed to leave the examination hall in the first 30 minutes of a written examination. candidates are not permitted to use calculators in any section of the examinations. Candidates are NOT permitted to enter a written examination 30 minutes after the examination has started. Candidates are also required to sign a register when entering written examinations. Candidates are only allowed to bring pens/pencils etc into the examination in a clear plastic pencil case or plastic bag. 10. 12. Eligibility A medically qualified candidate will be eligible to sit the examination provided that he/she: a) holds a medical qualification approved by the General Medical Council for the purpose of registration b) has completed registration year FY1. a solicitor or the university issuing the certificate. Condition of the Examination No previous experience in ophthalmology will be necessary for candidates to sit the Part 1 FRCOphth but candidates in OST will be required to pass this examination before they enter into the third year of ophthalmic specialist training. or equivalent house officer post for International Medical Graduates (IMG) All candidates are required to submit an attested copy of their medical degree or details of their GMC registration in evidence of their eligibility to sit this examination. Medical degree certificates may be attested by a Fellow or Member of this College. the British Council or your embassy. 5 . Applicants in Ophthalmic Specialist Training: Applicants who are in the Ophthalmic Specialist Training (OST) must supply evidence that they are undertaking the OST and provide confirmation of the year they are in. In awarding additional arrangements the Royal College of Ophthalmologists seek to: 1. Candidates must note that upon receipt of sufficient evidence additional arrangements may not necessarily be granted. Specialist equipment: The Royal College of Ophthalmologist will consider special request from candidates for specialist equipment such as: Additional lighting Larger desk to accommodate specialist equipment Separate room Supervised rest breaks All additional requirements will be considered by the Chairman of the Examinations Committee. 2. All candidates who require additional arrangements must adhere to the guidelines set out below. 3. Supplementary evidence will be needed from the candidates such as: Doctor’s note Up to date literacy assessment A statement of Special Educational Needs A relevant diagnostic report regarding the learning disability Historical evidence of the disability Extra time award: An additional allowance of up to and including 25% may be awarded to those candidates requesting special consideration for extra time and only on approval of the supplementary evidence. Give special consideration to candidates where specific circumstances have arisen at or near to the examination time which have not previously been highlighted. Ensure that no additional arrangement gives an unfair advantage over another candidate When submitting their application form all applicants must make it clear if additional arrangements are needed in writing and attach this to the application form. Approve valid arrangements and access to written and clinical examinations.Guidance for candidates with additional requirements The Royal College of Ophthalmologists recognise that there may be some candidates who require additional arrangements when undertaking a Royal College of Ophthalmologists examination. 6 . g. This list is not exhaustive ALL PHOTOGRAPHIC IDENTIFCATION WILL BE CHECKED AT THE START OF THE EXAMINATION.asp? section=116§ionTitle=Admission+to+Examinations) Copying Talking Passing notes Bribery Unauthorised access to exam papers Taking unauthorised material into the examination Copying or alteration of certificates Discussing clinical cases with candidates (if they themselves have not yet sat their clinical examination) N. 7 . Any supplementary evidence should also be submitted e. the invigilator and candidate in question should submit detailed reports of the events. The following are all considered as attempts on cheating: Plagiarism (for full policy please see http://www. All mobiles phones must be switched off Calculators Alarms on watches/clocks must be turned off Personal belongings should be placed at the back or side of the examination hall. NO CANDIDATE IS ALLOWED TO TALK TO. It is a serious disciplinary offence to attempt to impersonate another candidate or to have another person impersonate you during any part of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists examination/s. or a mark of 0 will automatically be awarded for the whole paper. revision notes.uk/page.rcophth.B. Cheating (whether attempted or successful) will be penalised very severely by the Examinations Committee of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists. Valuables should not be brought to the examination as the College cannot take responsibility for such items. The Chairman of the Examinations Committee will review the situation and decide on the following course of action: The question when the offence took place will be given a mark of 0. In the event of cheating (whether attempted or successful). PASS INFORMTION TO. as instructed by the invigilator. OR SIGNAL TO A CANDIDATE WHILST THE EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS.ac. Where there is a need to obtain further information.Policy on Allegations of Cheating in Examinations You may not take the following into the examination hall: Spare paper including revision notes Electrical equipment. The invigilator will fill out an invigilation form detailing the time and date of events. the following procedures will be followed: The script will be marked by the invigilator at the time of the offence and directly reported to the Head of Examinations. This report will go to Council. The candidate at this point may be disqualified from taking the examination for a number of years or be put forward to a disciplinary board that will make a final decision on the outcome. A Candidate may be reported to the General Medical Council as this is a probity issue. A candidate may appeal against any decision and the Appeals Procedure will be followed under the discretion of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists. 8 . uk/nacpme/) 9 . syllabi and curriculum for the relevant examination. Gain clinical experience in ophthalmology in hospitals this may also include working within other specialties such and Medicine and Pathology.nhscareers. Good Medical Practice (from the General Medical Council). Attend courses – A list of courses for examinations can be found on the College website (the College does not run or endorse any of the listed courses). Candidates may also find useful information from the National Advice Centre for Postgraduate Education. Although candidates are not expected to undertake examinations such as IELTS or PLAB it is expected that candidates should be equivalent to IELTS Level 7.Language Requirements All examinations run by the Royal College of Ophthalmologists are conducted in English.nhs. (http://www. Preparing for the examinations The Royal College of Ophthalmologists recommend that candidates preparing for examinations should: Read the appropriate text. Similarly. Additional Payments: Replica certificates Appeal procedure Duke Elder5 £75 + VAT4 £200 £15 (Undergraduate Prize Examination) 4 Until 31 December 2010 VAT is payable at 17.EXAMINATION FEES 2012 PART 1 FELLOWSHIP EXAMINATION Fee to sit examination £470 PRACTICAL REFRACTION CERTIFICATE £565 (TBC) PART 2 FELLOWSHIP EXAMINATION Fee to sit examination £8501 Completion fee (to be paid by candidates who successfully complete the examination) £160 1 Candidates who do not progress from the written component to the practical component will receive a rebate of 35% of the original fee. 3 The resit fee of £250 applies only to candidates re-sitting two chapters or less at the interview stage. if a candidate’s casebook do not proceed to interview and a new date is allocated. Candidates deemed as unsuccessful after the submission shall not be permitted to attend the Portfolio Interview or Structured Vivas. Candidates deemed as unsuccessful after the casebook stage shall not be permitted to attend for interview. the full fee of £850 will be payable. For example. This is not available retrospectively for previous candidates. DIPLOMA IN OPHTHALMOLOGY EXAMINATION Fee to sit examination £680 (TBC) Completion fee (to be paid by candidates who successfully complete the examination) £160 FELLOWSHIP ASSESSMENT Fee to sit examination (per attempt2) Resit Fee3 £850 (TBC) £250 (TBC) Completion fee (to be paid by candidates who successfully complete the assessment) £160 2 An attempt constitutes the submission of your casebooks and any subsequent amendments prior to the proposed interview date.5%. if a candidate fails three or more chapters at the interview stage. Candidates are required to submit payment of the fee for each attempt. a new date must be allocated and payment of the full fee must be submitted. CERTIFICATE IN LASER REFRACTIVE SURGERY Fee to sit examination (per attempt) £1100 (TBC) An attempt constitutes the submission of Portfolio Assessment and any subsequent amendments prior to the proposed interview date. Candidates are required to submit payment of the fee for each attempt. from 1 January 2011 VAT will be payable at the new rate of 20% 5 Payments for non-attendance 10 . THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF OPHTHALMOLOGISTS PART 1 FRCOPHTH EXAMINATION TIMETABLE 2012 January 2012 Examination Date: Closing Date for Receipt of Applications: Monday 16 January 2012 Monday 21 November 2011 May 2012 Examination Date: Closing Date for Receipt of Applications: Monday 14 May 2012 Monday 19 March 2012 October 2012 Examination Date: Closing Date for Receipt of Applications: Monday 8 October 2012 Monday 13 August 2012 Examination Venues: City Temple Conference Centre. London. Gartnavel General Hospital. Near Rashid Hospital. Building 119. Sheffield University Main Campus.m Multi Choice Question Paper (MCQ) (3 hours) p. Glasgow. WC1X 8UE (May & October 2012) The Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology. Cairo. Main Hall. Below Makhtoum Bridge.m Constructed Response Question Paper (CRQ) (2 hours) 11 . Chennai 600 002. Lower Hall. 157 – 163 Gray’s Inn Road. 192 El Nil Street. Sheffield. Dubai. Holborn Viaduct. Lecture Theatre. Egypt The British Council. G12 0XN Fulwood Hall/Abbeydale Room in University House. Gallery Hall. United Arab Emirates Examination Format: a. EC1A 2DE (January 2012) London Welsh Centre. Upper Ground Floor. India The British Council. London. 737 Anna Salai. Western Bank. Tariq Bin Zayed Road. S10 2TN The British Council. The examination will comprise of theoretical papers based on learning outcomes of the OST curriculum appropriate to the first two years of training as follows: A 3 hour Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) paper of 120 questions consisting of one best answer out of four options A 2 hour Constructed Response Question (CRQ) Paper. candidates must re-sit the entire examination. Candidates are not permitted to telephone the College for examination results. Results Results will be released four weeks after the examination.Structure of the Examination Introduction There are no restrictions on the number of attempts for candidates sitting this examination. their total marks for both papers will be added together. All questions are reviewed in the light of performance and modified accordingly. consisting of 12 questions. they will be allowed to proceed to the second stage of the examination. All results will be sent to candidates by first class post and the pass list will be displayed on the College website. in order to comply with assessment progression. If awarded a fail. If this mark exceeds the combined pass marks for both papers. in booklet format. Overall Result To pass the Part 1 FRCOphth examination. Cross Compensation If a candidate marginally fails one written paper. The CRQ is standard set using the borderline candidate method.Part 1 FRCOphth . even if a pass was previously achieved in any component. candidates who have entered Ophthalmic Specialist Training (OST) must have passed this examination by the end of the second year of run-through training. Standard Setting All examinations are standard set. candidates are required to pass both components (MCQ and CRQ). The MCQ paper is standard set in advance using the Ebel method. However. 12 . once verified by the Senior Examiner. visual pathways. lacrimal system. and major blood vessels. orbital foramina. spinal cord. The Orbit and adnexae: Osteology. adnexae. They must be able to use this knowledge when interpreting clinical investigations and in the practice of ophthalmic surgery.ac. conjunctiva. cranial nerves. orbital fascia Ocular anatomy: Conjunctiva. limbus and anterior chamber angle. paranasal sinuses. eyelids. lymphatic drainage of the head and neck Cardiovascular system: Gross anatomy of the heart. pituitary gland and its relations Central Nervous System: Cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum including microscopic anatomy of visual cortex. Refraction Certificate and Part 2 FRCOphth examinations represents a high level of achievement. intraorbital nerves. The FRCOphth is a necessary but insufficient requirement for the Certificate of Completion for Training in Ophthalmology. The specific learning outcomes from the RCOphth OST curriculum that the examination assesses are: Basic and clinical sciences BCS1 Anatomy All trainees must understand and apply knowledge of the anatomy of the eye. cranial fossae. major arteries and veins.uk/). choroid. vascular supply. iris and pupil. trachea. mouth. It extends to applied anatomy relevant to clinical methods of assessment and investigation relevant to ophthalmic practice. control of eye movement. sclera. The three examinations that comprise the FRCOphth are based upon the curriculum for ophthalmic specialist training and candidates are strongly advised to become familiar with the curriculum (available at: http://curriculum. A pass in the Part 1 FRCOphth. autonomic regulation of eye. extraocular muscles. The Part 1 FRCOphth examination assesses understanding of patient investigations and knowledge of basic and clinical sciences relevant to ophthalmology. vascular supply. ciliary body. larynx. neck and neuro anatomy.Part 1 FRCOphth Examination Syllabus The Fellowship of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists examinations are designed to assess the knowledge. meninges. foramina. vitreous. veins and capillaries 13 . visual pathways and associated aspects of head. pharynx. skills and professional attitudes required of a doctor who wishes to practice as an ophthalmologist in the United Kingdom. cornea. lens and zonule.rcophth. retina. soft palate. Microscopic anatomy of arteries. face and scalp. vessels. Head and neck: Nose. optic nerve The Cranial Cavity: Osteology of the skull. synapse.volume. clotting and fibrinolysis Cardiovascular system: Pressure resistance and flow in blood vessels. immune mechanisms. the activity of the heart and its control. efferent pathways. They must be able to use this knowledge when interpreting clinical symptoms. lung mechanics. cerebral cortex. vitamins Kidney and adrenal cortex: Glomerular and tubular function. lung volumes. control Mechanisms within the CVS. nerve conduction. chemical and neural control of ventilation Nervous system and special senses: Receptors. haemoglobin and red and white cell formation and destruction. afferent pathways. including related general physiology. pituitary. thyroid / parathyroid. cell types. pain and its control.nervous and hormonal Body fluids . tissue fluid formation Respiratory system: Structure. hearing. hypothalamus. transcapillary exchange. gas exchange in the lung. membrane potential. adrenergic transmission Endocrinology: Hormonal control. muscle Blood: Plasma composition and functions. osmolality and pH of body fluids Ocular physiology including: Physiology of tear production and control and the lacrimal drainage system Physiology of aqueous production and drainage including principles of intraocular pressure measurement Physiology and biochemistry of the cornea Lens metabolism Physiology of the vitreous Retinal physiology including phototransduction Retinal pigment epithelium Choroid Blood ocular barrier 14 . osmolarity. autonomic nervous system. synapses. composition of respiratory gases. and electrolyte (including H+) concentrations Excitable tissues – nerve and muscle: Structure and function of nerve cell. action potential. ventilation perfusion relationships. cholinergic transmission. General principles including: Maintenance of homeostasis: Characteristics of control systems . the motor unit. osmotic and oncotic pressure. cardiac output.BCS2 Physiology All trainees must understand and apply knowledge of the physiology of the eye. adnexae and nervous system. pancreas Nutrition: Dietary requirements. carriage of O 2 and CO2 in blood. This includes the applied physiology relevant to clinical methods of assessment in ophthalmic practice. control of movement. absorption. blood groups. signs and investigations and in the practice of ophthalmic medicine and surgery. anaemias. adrenals. blood pressure And blood flow. second messengers) Cellular processes: Cell cycle. hormones. scavengers. cell-matrix interactions Biochemical and molecular biological techniques: Examples include: gene cloning. sclera. signal transduction. composition of ocular extracellular matrices. immuno-localisation. Active oxygen species: Free radicals and H2O. especially the specialist pathology of the eye.Physiology of vision including: Visual acuity Accommodation Pupillary reflexes Light detection Dark adaptation Colour vision Electrophysiology of the visual system Visual fields Contrast sensitivity Eye movements Stereopsis Motion detection Visual perception Magnocellular and parvocellular pathways BCS3 Biochemistry and cell biology All trainees must understand and apply knowledge of the basic biochemistry and cell biology. cell-matrix interactions Signalling: Growth factors. choroid. cell-cell communications. migration. microbiology and immunology and other branches of pathology. granulomata. cytoskeleton. plasma membranes. signs and laboratory investigations and in the practice of ophthalmic medicine and surgery. post-translational modification). eicosanoids. polymerase chain reaction. in-situ hybridisation. retina. RNA). ELISA assays. protein synthesis (transcription. lens.g. specific examples Immunological mechanisms: Types of hypersensitivity reaction Graft rejection 15 . Biochemistry of the cell: Organelles. translation. metabolic processes Connective tissue and extracellular matrix: Extracellular matrix molecules. Acute inflammation: Chemical mediators. nucleic acid synthesis. immune mechanisms. Western. apoptosis. They must be able to use this knowledge when interpreting clinical symptoms. ciliary body. This includes histopathology. Biochemistry and cell biology of ocular tissues: Cornea. This includes in particular those aspects relevant to common eye diseases. ulceration. transport mechanisms. nucleus (DNA. vitreous. intracellular signalling pathways (e. synthesis/degradation. proliferation. adnexae and visual system. phospholipase A BCS4 Pathology All trainees must understand and apply knowledge of pathology. receptors. signs and investigations and in the practice of ophthalmic medicine and surgery. They must be able to use this knowledge when interpreting clinical symptoms. lipid peroxidation. cytokines. Northern and Southern blotting. cellular mechanisms Wound healing Chronic inflammation: Types. ischaemia and infarction. terminology. angiogenesis. exotoxins. benign and malignant tumours. helminthic infections Principles of sterilization: Disinfection and asepsis and the application of these to current practice and practical procedures Antimicrobials: Spectrum of activity.g. hyperplasia and metaplasia Vascular disorders: Atheroma. geographical and environmental factors. endotoxins. diabetic microangiopathy Shock Neoplasia: Definition. oncogenes. antigen presenting cells and antigen processing Transplantation immunology (with particular reference to the cornea) Immunodeficiency and immunosuppression Tissue regulation (with particular reference to the eye) of inflammatory responses) 16 . concepts. laboratory methods of viral detection. virulence and pathogenicity etc. mode of action. effects of irradiation and cytotoxic drugs BASIC OCULAR PATHOLOGY With an emphasis on: Cornea endothelial dysfunction and corneal dystrophies Glaucoma Cataract Diabetes Age Related Macular Degeneration Retinal vascular occlusion Ocular neoplasia Retinal detachment and Proliferative Vitreo-retinopathy MICROBIOLOGY: The biological and clinical behaviour of the micro-organisms responsible for infections Elementary principles of microbial pathogenesis: Concepts of colonisation. structure and replication. hypertension.Degenerations: Examples: amyloidosis. antiviral agents. cellular and humoral mechanisms Host defence mechanisms with particular reference to the eye Mechanisms of immunologically-induced tissue damage with special reference to the eye Role of soluble mediators (cytokines and chemokines) in regulation of inflammatory responses MHC antigens. invasion. carcinogenesis. pharmacokinetics and resistance IMMUNOLOGY Principles of immunology e. pre-neoplastic conditions. antifungal agents. Prions HIV and AIDS Fungi: Classification. factors which predispose to fungal infection. Toxoplasmosis. calcification Ageing and atrophy Hypertrophy. Acanthamoeba. genetic basis of immunity. congestion and oedema. aneurysms. Gram staining and classification Commensal eye flora Viruses: Classification. viral infections of the eye. gene control – including regulation of apoptosis. non-specific resistance. thrombosis (and homeostatic clotting mechanisms embolism (including pulmonary embolism). Chlamydia. notation of prisms. lasers Reflection: Laws of reflection. aniseikonia. They must have a basic understanding of medical physics. visual acuity. Conoid of Sturm. simple transposition. polarisation. refraction at curved surfaces. Embryology: General embryology especially at early stages. focimeter. Geneva lens measure Aberrations of lenses: Correction of aberrations relevant to the eye. and the anatomical. lens form Astigmatic lenses: Cylindrical lenses. resolution. magnification. Child development: key milestones in childhood development especially regarding the visual and central nervous systems. critical angle and total internal reflection Prisms: Definition. contrast sensitivity. Senescence: the process of ageing and degeneration. uses in ophthalmology (diagnostic and therapeutic). toric lenses. ultrasound and electromagnetic wavelengths relevant to ophthalmic practice. emmetropia. Stiles-Crawford effect.BCS5 Growth and senescence All trainees must understand and apply knowledge of growth. orbit. reflection at curved surfaces Refraction: Laws of refraction (Snell’s Law). pinhole. BCS6 Optics All trainees must understand and apply knowledge of optics. spherical decentration and prism power. schematic and reduced eye. wave theory. astigmatism. hypermetropia. signs and investigations and in the practice of ophthalmic medicine and surgery. aphakia 17 . adnexae and visual pathways. development and senescence. diffraction. embryology of the eye. scattering. physiological and developmental changes which occur during embryogenesis. Purkinje shift. Ametropia: Myopia. reflection at a plane surface. signs and investigations and in the practice of ophthalmic medicine and surgery. thick lens formula. formation of the image. toric transposition Identification of unknown lenses: Neutralisation. the embryological origins of congenital malformations of the eye. Jackson’s cross cylinder Notation of lenses: Spectacle prescribing. accommodation. transmission and absorption. interference. Duochrome test CLINICAL OPTICS Optics of the eye: Transmittance of light by the optic media. Maddox rod. particle theory. photometry. They must be able to use this knowledge when interpreting clinical symptoms. catoptric images. thin lens formula. PHYSICAL AND GEOMETRIC OPTICS: Properties of light: Electromagnetic spectrum. refraction at a plane surface. types of prism Spherical lenses: Cardinal points. anisometropia. childhood and ageing relevant to ophthalmic practice. They must be able to use this knowledge when interpreting clinical symptoms. vergence power (dioptric power). Galilean telescope BCS8 Therapeutics All trainees must understand and apply knowledge of clinical therapeutics relevant to ophthalmic practice. They must be able to use this knowledge when prescribing for a patient. contact lenses. They must be aware of the possible ocular effects of systemic medications and systemic effects of ocular medications. back vertex distance. The physics of light and lasers: coherence. inheritance. AC/A ratio Refractive errors: Prevalence.Accommodative problems: Insufficiency. telescopic aids . excess. effective power of lenses. They must be able to use this knowledge when recommending laser treatment in the practice of ophthalmic medicine and surgery. changes with age. types of ophthalmic laser. drug-enhanced laser absorption. They must understand the therapeutics used in general medicine and surgery to a basic standard. laser properties. photoablation. surgically induced Correction of ametropia: Spectacle lenses. PHARMACOLOGY Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: General and specific to ocular tissues Drug-receptor interactions Mechanisms of drug actions (including receptor pharmacology and biochemical pharmacology) Mechanisms of drug toxicity Specific classes of pharmacological agents: Examples include catechol aminergics. principles of refractive surgery Problems of spectacles in aphakia: Effect of spectacles and contact lens correction on accommodation and convergence. They must be fully versed in local laser safety procedures. laser physics. calculation of intraocular lens power. intraocular lenses. tissue effects of laser. OCT 18 . presbyopia Low visual aids: High reading addition. eicosanoids Pharmacology of drugs used in inflammation and immunosppression Pharmacology of drugs used in glaucoma Local anaesthetics Analgesics BCS 12 Lasers All trainees must understand and apply knowledge of lasers relevant to ophthalmic practice. cholinergics. photodisruption. magnifying lenses. spectacle magnification. serotonergics and histaminergics. photocoagulation. Basic descriptive and inferential statistics Statistical tests: Choice of test. Scientific method: clinical measurement instruments. definition of epidemiological terms. likelihood ration. Clinical study design: Types. odds ration.) Fundus camera Lasers Fields machines (Goldmann. parametric vs nonparametric. gonioscope Goldmann lens. evaluation of screening programmes. SLO. specificity. They must be able to maintain an understanding of new developments in relevant technologies. power. sources of information. GDx) BCS15 Biostatistics All trainees must understand and apply knowledge of statistics relevant to ophthalmic practice. bias. trial design.BCS13 Epidemiology and evidence based medicine All trainees must understand and apply knowledge of clinical epidemiology and evidence based medicine relevant to ophthalmic practice. sensitivity. randomisation. reliability and validity) 19 . errors. interpreting investigations and planning clinical management for a patient. etc. 90D lens. Direct and indirect ophthalmoscopes Retinoscope Focimeter Simple magnifying glass (Loupe) Lensmeter Automated refractor Slit-lamp microscope Applanation tomography and tonometry Keratometer Specular microscope Operating microscope Zoom lens principle Corneal pachometer Lenses used for fundus biomicroscopy (panfunduscope. They must be able to use this knowledge in the interpretation and publication of research. Hruby lens. main causes throughout world. P-values. Screening for ocular disease: principles of screening. They must be able to use this knowledge during clinical assessment. Humphrey) Retinal and optic nerve imaging devices (OCT. confidence intervals. reliability and scales. sample size calculation. correlation and regression. predictive values. definition of blindness. interpretation of evidence BCS14 Instrument technology All trainees must understand and apply knowledge of instrument technology relevant to ophthalmic practice. stages of clinical studies. They must be aware of the limitations of technology and the risks involved in their use. sensitivity and specificity Evidence based practice: hierarchy of evidence. BCS16 Clinical Genetics All trainees must understand and apply knowledge of clinical genetics relevant to ophthalmic practice. They must recognise when it is appropriate to refer a patient for genetic counseling. They must be able to interpret more complex investigations and be aware of specialised techniques. including: Quantitative and qualitative assessment of vision Cover-uncover test and alternate cover test Assessment of ocular movements Measurement of deviation Assessment of fusion. Organisation of the genome: Genes. candidate genes. structure and thickness All trainees must be able to order and interpret investigations to assess the cornea. regulation of transcription Mendelian genetics: General principles Population genetics: General principles Cytogenetics: Aneuploidy. chimerism Genetic basis of eye conditions: Genes involved in ocular disorders or systemic disorders with an ocular phenotype Investigative and research techniques: Linkage analysis. They must recognise when it is important to offer a consultation with family members. including: Keratometry Corneal topography Pachymetry Optical coherence tomography Specular and confocal microscopy Wavefront analysis 20 . twin studies. distress and risks that the patient may be exposed to with the test as well as the cost and resources involved. mosaicism. translocations. They must be able to use this knowledge when advising patients about patterns of inheritance. when to order them and how the results should be interpreted. They must be aware of the cost and resources involved. Interpretation and an understanding of the performance underlying basic science of the tests that make up a typical orthoptic report. and interpret the findings. deletions. although availability of equipment will vary in different units. association studies Gene therapy: General principles Patient Investigations (PI): Candidates are expected to understand the basic principles underlying these investigations. Interpretation and an understanding of the performance underlying basic science of contemporary tests that are used in corneal practice. chromosomes. PI1 Orthoptic assessment All trainees must be able to refer for an orthoptic assessment. They must understand the purpose and limitations of the investigations and the implications of a positive or negative test result. PI2 Assessment of corneal shape. They must be aware of the possible discomfort. where appropriate. suppression and stereoacuity. They must understand the limitations of the investigations and the implications of positive or negative test results. They must be able to order and interpret basic tests. including: Fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography PI5 Ultrasonography All trainees must be able to order and interpret appropriate ocular. They must be aware of the possible discomfort and distress to which the patient may be exposed during the test as well as the cost and resources involved. of relevance to the practice of ophthalmology. They must understand the limitations of the investigation and the implications of a positive or negative test result. PI6 Radiology and other neuro-imaging All trainees must be able to order and interpret appropriate radiological and related investigations. They must understand the limitations of the investigations and the implications of a positive or negative test result. They must be aware of the possible discomfort and distress and risks to which the patient may be exposed during the test as well as the cost and resources involved Interpretation and an understanding of the performance and underlying basic science of contemporary tests that are used in ophthalmic practice. distress and risks that the patient may be exposed to involved with the test as well as the cost and resources involved. Interpretation and an understanding of the performance and underlying basic science of contemporary tests that are used in retinal practice. They must be aware of new techniques as they are developed.PI3 Retinal and optic nerve imaging All trainees must be able to order and interpret retinal and optic nerve investigations that require some form of image capture and analysis. Interpretation and an understanding of the performance and underlying basic science of contemporary angiographic tests that are used in retinal practice. They must understand the limitations of the investigation and the implications of a positive or negative test result. distress and risks that the patient may be exposed to involved with the test as well as the cost and resources involved. including: Electroretinography Electrooculography 21 . They must understand the limitations of the investigation and the implications of a positive or negative test result. including: Retinal photography Optical coherence tomography Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy PI4 Ocular angiography All trainees must be able to order and interpret ocular angiograms. orbital and other relevant ultrasound measurements and images. Interpretation and an understanding of the performance underlying basic science of contemporary tests that are used in radiological practice. They must understand the purpose and limitations of the investigation and the implications of a positive or negative test result. They must be aware of the possible discomfort. They must be aware of the possible discomfort and distress and risks to which the patient may be exposed during the test as well as the cost and resources involved. including: Plain skull and chest X ray Orbital and neuro-CT scans Orbital and neuro-MRI scans Neuro-angiography PI7 Ocular and neuro-physiology All trainees must be able to order and interpret appropriate electrodiagnostic tests. They must be aware of the possible discomfort. Visually evoked potentials PI8 Biochemistry All trainees must be able to order and interpret appropriate biochemical investigations and recognise when further action is required. including Clotting screens Blood count Blood transfusion ESR. Interpretation and an understanding of the performance and underlying basic science of contemporary tests that are used in ophthalmic practice. They must understand the limitations of the investigation and the implications of a positive or negative test result. They must understand the limitations of the investigation and the implications of a positive or negative test result. They must understand the limitations of the investigation and the implications of a positive or negative test result. CRP and blood viscosity PI10 Pathology All trainees must be able to order and interpret appropriate pathology investigations and recognise when further action is required. They must be aware of the possible discomfort and distress and risks to which the patient may be exposed during the test as well as the cost and resources involved. They must be aware of the possible discomfort and distress and risks to which the patient may be exposed during the test as well as the cost and resources involved An understanding of the performance and underlying basic science of contemporary tests that are used in ophthalmic practice. Interpretation and an understanding of the performance and underlying basic science of contemporary tests that are used in ophthalmic practice. including Liver and renal function tests Blood glucose Cardiac enzymes Acid-base balance Blood gases Thyroid function tests PI9 Haematology All trainees must be able to order and interpret appropriate haematology investigations and recognise when further action is required. including Types of biopsy Transport of specimens The law in relation to human tissue 22 . They must be aware of the possible discomfort and distress and risks to which the patient may be exposed during the test as well as the cost and resources involved. They must be aware of the possible discomfort and distress and risks to which the patient may be exposed during the test as well as the cost and resources involved Interpretation and an understanding of the performance and underlying basic science of contemporary tests that are used in ophthalmic practice. They must understand the limitations of the investigation and the implications of an unusual result. particularly in relation to decision making in cataract surgery. including Auto-antibodies HLA antigens Patch tests 23 . Goldmann) All trainees must be able to order and interpret appropriate visual field investigations. They must understand the limitations of the investigation and the implications of a positive or negative test result. They must be aware of the possible discomfort and distress and risks to which the patient may be exposed during the test as well as the cost and resources involved. They must understand the limitations of the investigation and the implications of a positive or negative test result. bacteriology. mycology. Interpretation and an understanding of the performance and underlying basic science of contemporary tests that are used in ophthalmic practice. They must be aware of the possible discomfort and distress and risks to which the patient may be exposed during the test as well as the cost and resources involved. They must understand the limitations of the investigation and the implications of a positive or negative test result. Interpretation and an understanding of the performance and underlying basic science of contemporary tests that are used in ophthalmic practice. They must be aware of the possible discomfort and distress and risks to which the patient may be exposed during the test as well as the cost and resources involved. parasitology Corneal scrapes Conjunctival swabs Intra-ocular samples PI12 Biometry All trainees must be able to order and interpret appropriate biometry investigations. including Keratometry Axial length measurement IOL power calculation And A constants Sources of biometric error Choice of post-operative refractive error Refractive error PI13 Fields (automated.PI11 Microbiology All trainees must be able to order and interpret appropriate microbiology investigations and recognise when further action is required. Interpretation and an understanding of the performance and underlying basic science of contemporary tests that are used in ophthalmic practice. including Humphrey and other automated perimeters Statistical analysis Goldmann perimetry PI14 Immunology and allergy testing All trainees must be able to order and interpret appropriate immunology and allergy investigations and recognise when further action is required. including Collection of samples for virology. They must understand the limitations of the investigation and the implications of a positive or negative test result. They must recognise when action is required based upon the report. including Dexa-scans 24 . including Proteinuria Haematuria PI16 Bone scans All trainees must know when it is appropriate to order bone scans as part of bone protection in long term steroid use. Interpretation and an understanding of the performance and underlying basic science of contemporary tests that are used in ophthalmic practice. They must be aware of the possible discomfort and distress and risks to which the patient may be exposed during the test as well as the cost and resources involved.PI15 Urinalysis All trainees must be able to order and interpret appropriate urinalysis and recognise when further referral is required. Interpretation and an understanding of the performance and underlying basic science of contemporary tests that are used in ophthalmic practice. They must understand the limitations of the investigation and the implications of a positive or negative test result. Mosby 2003. Basic and Clinical Science Course. Whikehart R. Neal MJ. Arnold 2002. 3rd edition. Hart WM. Peutherer J. WB Saunders 2003. Lee WR. Similarly. Blackwell Publishing 2002. 5th ed. Fundamentals and principles of ophthalmology Volume 3. Genetics for Ophthalmologists: The molecular genetic basis of ophthalmic disorders.Suggested reading list for Part 1 Fellowship Examination This list is not designed to be exhaustive. ISBN 0443070776 Medical pharmacology at a glance. Lemp MA. ISBN: 190134620X Biochemistry of the eye. Forrester JV. ISBN: 0-7020-2541-0 MCQ companion to the Eye. Greenwood D. Snell RS. Volume 2. Galloway PH. ISBN: 0781717299. Blackwell Science. refraction and contact lenses Volume 4. only some sections in these books are directly relevant to the Part 1 examination. Moore KL. Dick AD. Elkington AR. Jaanus SD. Basic Sciences in Practice. ISBN: 0750671521 Clinical optics. Blackwell Scientific Publications 1998. Black GCM. ISBN: 0632052449 Clinical Ocular Pharmacology. ISBN: 0702025666 American Academy of Opthalmologists. JB Lippincott Co. McMenamin P. Dalley AF. Glaser JS. Frank HJ and Greaney MJ. Slack R. Adler’s Physiology of the Eye. ISBN: 0-323-01136-5 Clinical Anatomy of the Eye. Ophthalmic pathology and intraocular tumours. Barlett JD. Mosby 2002. ISBN: 0340759046 Ocular Pathology. Gardner DL and Tweedle DEF. Dick AD. Ed. Butterworth-Heinemann 2001. Butterworth-Heinemann 2003. ISBN: 0781736390. Pathology for Surgeons in Training: An A-Z revision text. Update on general medicine. Optics. ISBN: 0323014038 Medical Microbiology. The Eye: Basic Sciences and Practice. Philadelphia 1999. ISBN: 0632049898 25 . Lee WR. Forrester JV. Remedica Publishing 2002. 1999. ISBN: 063204344X Clinically orientated anatomy. Yanoff M and Fine BS. Churchill Livingstone 2002. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 2005. WB Saunders 2001. ISBN: 1-56055-570-X Volume 1. ISBN: 0750670398 Neuro-Ophthalmology. RCOPHTH. GMC Number: If you have sat this examination on a previous occasion please state the number of times you have sat this examination: ____________ I hereby apply to be admitted to the Part 1 Fellowship Examination of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists commencing on: Insert date I would like to sit the examination at the following centre (Please tick): London Glasgow Sheffield Cairo 26 Chennai Dubai . London. Telephone: 020-7935 0702 Facsimile: 020-7487 4674 Email: [email protected] Royal College of Ophthalmologists 17 Cornwall Terrace.uk Website: WWW. NW1 4QW.UK Application form for the Part 1 FRCOphth Last name of candidate: Other names in full: Full postal address: Telephone Number: Work: Home/Mobile: Email Address: Date of Birth: Medical Qualifications with dates: University or Medical College: Country of Qualification: I am registered with the GMC in UK/Ireland I have: Full Registration Limited Registration YES/NO Please note candidates must submit an attested copy of their medical degree or details of their GMC registration in evidence of their eligibility to sit this examination. This application form must be returned to the Examinations Department. Please make cheques payable to ‘The Royal College of Ophthalmologists’.. please complete your details below. Alternatively. Signature of Candidate: Date of Application: Details for Card Payment (this section is detached and destroyed once payment is processed) Name of Cardholder: Card Number: Expiry Date: Security Code (CSV): Start Date: Issue Number: 27 . Examination closing dates are available on Page 10 of this Application Pack or online at www.uk/page. Visa and Mastercard are accepted. 17 Cornwall Terrace. Please note it is not possible to accept application forms after the closing date for receipt of applications. NW1 4QW.asp?section=119§ionTitle=Examinations+Calendar. first served basis and although there is not a limit on numbers. Please be aware that details of your result will be forwarded to your Training Programme Director and/or Head of School No previous experience in ophthalmology will be necessary for candidates to sit the Part 1 FRCOphth but candidates will be required to pass this examination before they enter into the third year of ophthalmic specialist training. The fee for sitting the Part 1 FRCOphth is £470.Candidates in Ophthalmic Specialist Training: Candidates who are in the Ophthalmic Specialist Training must supply evidence that they are undertaking OST and provide confirmation of the year they are in.rcophth. venues can only hold a specified amount of people due to health and safety. Allocation will be on a first come. Applicants are advised to send applications forms by Special Delivery or Recorded Post to guarantee delivery. Year of Commencing OST: Current Year of OST: Please select your Deanery: Tick East Midlands (North Centre – Nottingham) East Midlands (South Centre – Leicester.00. together with the fee and documentation. Northamptonshire & Rutland) East of England Kent. London. Surrey and Sussex London (NW & NE Thames & Moorfields) Mersey Northern North Western Oxford Severn Institute South West Peninsula Tick South Yorkshire & South Humberside Wessex Institute West Midlands Yorkshire Northern Ireland Wales East of Scotland North of Scotland South of Scotland West of Scotland Please ensure your application complies with College Regulations.ac. If you wish to use this method of payment. The Royal College of Ophthalmologists. although it is not compulsory.Monitoring of Equal Opportunities The Council of The Royal College of Ophthalmologists would be grateful. please specify………………………………… d) □ □ □ Black. Chinese Scottish or Chinese Welsh Chinese Any other Chinese background. please specify……………………………………………… □ Decline to Answer Do you consider yourself to have a disability according to the terms given in the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (DDA)? □ Yes □ No FIRST SPOKEN LANGUAGE OF EXAMINATION CANDIDATE: …………………… 28 . Asian English. please specify………………………… h) □ Other ethnic group Other. if you would help the College to monitor equal opportunities within its Examinations by answering the following questions and submitting the completed form with your Examination Application. please specify………………………… e) □ □ Chinese. please specify………………………………… b) □ □ □ □ Mixed White and Black Caribbean White and Black African White and Asian Any other mixed background. Asian British. The ethnic groups used are those recommended by the Commission for Racial Equality NAME OF EXAMINATION CANDIDATE: ……………………………………………… SEX OF EXAMINATION CANDIDATE: □ MALE □ FEMALE ETHNIC BACKGROUND OF EXAMINATION CANDIDATE: Please choose one selection from (a) to (h) then tick the appropriate box to indicate your cultural background: a) □ □ White British □ English □ Scottish □ Welsh □ Irish Any other white background. Chinese English. please specify………………………………. Black British. c) □ □ □ □ Asian. Chinese British.. Black Scottish or Black Welsh Caribbean African Any other Black background. Asian Scottish or Asian Welsh Indian Pakistani Bangladeshi Any other Asian background. Black English..
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